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Silva DP, Dias AC, Lecci LS, Simião-Ferreira J. Potential Effects of Future Climate Changes on Brazilian Cool-Adapted Stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera). Neotrop Entomol 2019; 48:57-70. [PMID: 30066276 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The continuous pursuit of welfare and economic development through the exploitation of natural resources by human societies consequently resulted in the ongoing process of climate change. Changes in the distribution of species towards the planet's poles and mountain tops are some of the expected to biological consequences of this process. Here, we assessed the potential effects of future climate change on four cool-adapted Gripopterygidae (Insecta: Plecoptera) species [Gripopteryx garbei Navás 1936, G. cancellata (Pictet 1841), Tupiperla gracilis (Burmeister 1839), and T. tessellata (Brauer 1866)] from Southeastern Brazilian Atlantic forest. As species adapted to cold conditions, in the future scenarios of climate change, we expected these organisms to shrink/change their distributions ranges towards areas with suitable climatic conditions in Southern Brazilian regions, when compared with their predicted distributions in present climatic conditions. We used seven principal components derived from 19 environmental variables from Worldclim database for the present scenario and also seven principal components obtained from 17 different Atmosphere-Ocean Global Circulation Models (AOGCMs), considering the most severe emission scenario for green-house gases to predict the species' distributions. Depending on the climatic scenario considered, there were polewards distribution range changes of the species. Additionally, we also observed an important decrease in the amount of protected modeled range for the species in the future scenarios. Considering that this Brazilian region may become hotter in the future and have its precipitation regime changed, as observed in the severe 2013-2014 drought, we believe these species adapted to high altitudes will be severely threatened in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Silva
- Depto de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, GO, Brasil.
| | - A C Dias
- Campus de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Univ Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, Brasil
| | - L S Lecci
- Depto de Biologia - DBio, Univ Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Rondonópolis, MT, Brasil
| | - J Simião-Ferreira
- Campus de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Univ Estadual de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, Brasil
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Machado-de-Souza T, Campos RP, Devoto M, Varassin IG. Local drivers of the structure of a tropical bird-seed dispersal network. Oecologia 2019; 189:421-433. [PMID: 30612225 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in ecology is to understand the relative importance of neutral- and niche-based processes structuring species interactions within communities. The concept of neutral-based processes posits that network structure is a result of interactions between species based on their abundance. On the other hand, niche-based processes presume that network structure is shaped by constraints to interactions. Here, we evaluated the relative importance of neutral-based process, represented by species' abundance (A) and fruit production (F) models, and niche-based process, represented by spatial overlap (S), temporal overlap (T) and morphological barrier (M) models, in shaping the structure of a bird-seed dispersal network from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We evaluated the ability of each model, singly or in combination, to predict the general structure [represented by connectance, nestedness (NODF), weight nestedness (WNODF), interaction evenness and complementary specialization] and microstructure of the network (i.e., the frequency of pairwise interactions). Only nestedness (both NODF and WNODF) was predicted by at least one model. NODF and WNODF were predicted by a neutral-based process (A), by a combination of niche-based processes (ST and STM) and by both neutral- and niche-based processes (AM). NODF was also predicted by F and FM model. Regarding microstructure, temporal overlap (T) was the most parsimonious model able to predict it. Our findings reveal that a combination of neutral- and niche-based processes is a good predictor of the general structure (NODF and WNODF) of the bird-seed dispersal network and a niche-based process is the best predictor of the network's microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Machado-de-Souza
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil. .,Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Rua Lamenha Lins 1080, Curitiba, PR, 80250-020, Brazil. .,Instituto de Estudos Ambientais do Paraná (IEAP), Rua Rômulo Gutierrez 731, Curitiba, PR, 80820-260, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Pamplona Campos
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Mariano Devoto
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Botánica General, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabela Galarda Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Jardim das Américas, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
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de Abreu FVS, Ribeiro IP, Ferreira-de-Brito A, dos Santos AAC, de Miranda RM, Bonelly IDS, Neves MSAS, Bersot MI, dos Santos TP, Gomes MQ, da Silva JL, Romano APM, Carvalho RG, Said RFDC, Ribeiro MS, Laperrière RDC, Fonseca EOL, Falqueto A, Paupy C, Failloux AB, Moutailler S, de Castro MG, Gómez MM, Motta MDA, Bonaldo MC, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R. Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Haemagogus janthinomys are the primary vectors in the major yellow fever outbreak in Brazil, 2016-2018. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:218-231. [PMID: 30866775 PMCID: PMC6455131 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1568180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The yellow fever virus (YFV) caused a severe outbreak in Brazil in 2016-2018 that rapidly spread across the Atlantic Forest in its most populated region without viral circulation for almost 80 years. A comprehensive entomological survey combining analysis of distribution, abundance and YFV natural infection in mosquitoes captured before and during the outbreak was conducted in 44 municipalities of five Brazilian states. In total, 17,662 mosquitoes of 89 species were collected. Before evidence of virus circulation, mosquitoes were tested negative but traditional vectors were alarmingly detected in 82% of municipalities, revealing high receptivity to sylvatic transmission. During the outbreak, five species were found positive in 42% of municipalities. Haemagogus janthinomys and Hg. leucocelaenus are considered the primary vectors due to their large distribution combined with high abundance and natural infection rates, concurring together for the rapid spread and severity of this outbreak. Aedes taeniorhynchus was found infected for the first time, but like Sabethes chloropterus and Aedes scapularis, it appears to have a potential local or secondary role because of their low abundance, distribution and infection rates. There was no evidence of YFV transmission by Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, although the former was the most widespread species across affected municipalities, presenting an important overlap between the niches of the sylvatic vectors and the anthropic ones. The definition of receptive areas, expansion of vaccination in the most affected age group and exposed populations and the adoption of universal vaccination to the entire Brazilian population need to be urgently implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, MG, Brazil
| | - Ieda Pereira Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anielly Ferreira-de-Brito
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaella Moraes de Miranda
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iule de Souza Bonelly
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Ignez Bersot
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Quintela Gomes
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Luis da Silva
- Gerência de Estudos e Pesquisas em Antropozoonoses, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Roberta Gomes Carvalho
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental e Saúde do Trabalhador, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Mario Sergio Ribeiro
- Superintendência de Vigilância Epidemiológica e Ambiental, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto da Costa Laperrière
- Núcleo Especial de Vigilância Ambiental, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | - Christophe Paupy
- MIVEGEC Laboratory, IRD-CNRS Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sara Moutailler
- UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marcia Gonçalves de Castro
- Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariela Martínez Gómez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Myrna Cristina Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Andrade ILMM, Mielke MS, Peroni N, Schiavetti A. Fishermen do more than fish: local ecological knowledge of raftsmen about the arboreal species used to construct rafts (Bahia, Brazil). J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2018; 14:80. [PMID: 30587245 PMCID: PMC6307309 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-018-0279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional raft (jangada), piúba wood raft (jangada de pau de piúba), six-log raft (jangada de seis paus), and wooden raft (jangada de pau) are some of the names given to the traditional Brazilian watercrafts created from the buoyancy of bound logs. The traditional raft is a watercraft used and built by artisan fishermen who have, throughout generations, kept and improved knowledge related to this practice and the use of the plant species they need as raw materials. Active groups of these fishermen and their watercrafts are distributed along 200 km of the coast of the state of Bahia. The fishermen interviewed in this study are at the southern limit of distribution for the use of this type of vessel. METHODS This study aimed to characterize the use of the arboreal species applied in the construction of the traditional raft in the municipalities of Uruçuca, Ilhéus, and Canavieiras in the southern State of Bahia, Brazil. For this purpose, structured and semi-structured interviews were individually conducted with 36 fishermen, and walking tours were conducted with specialists in the construction of the watercraft. RESULTS We observed that the raftsmen use 21 species to construct the traditional raft. The features of the wood, such as density, flexibility, and availability, are the main criteria applied to choose the arboreal species. Some species are preferred, such as pau de jangada (Apeiba tibourbou) and biriba (Eschweilera ovata), which are the most frequently employed in watercraft manufacturing. CONCLUSIONS The southern Bahia population is familiar with the different tree species that are linked to their fishing activities. The main link between the fishermen and the useful species is present in the practice of raft construction. Currently, the restricted access to raw materials limits this practice, which consequently results in the cultural erosion of this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Leite Medeiros Mascarenhas Andrade
- Programa de pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente—PRODEMA (Master Degree Program in Development and Environment), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz State University), Ilheús, Bahia Brazil
| | - Marcelo Schramm Mielke
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (Department of Biological Sciences), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz State University), Ilhéus, Bahia Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Peroni
- Laboratório de Ecologia Humana Etnobotânica (ECOHE) (Laboratory of Human Ecology), Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia (ECZ), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) (Santa Catarina Federal University), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina Brazil
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55
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Padgurschi MCG, Vieira SA, Stefani EJF, Nardoto GB, Joly CA. Nitrogen input by bamboos in neotropical forest: a new perspective. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6024. [PMID: 30519513 PMCID: PMC6275114 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nitrogen (N) is an important macronutrient that controls the productivity of ecosystems and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a major source of N in terrestrial systems, particularly tropical forests. Bamboo dominates theses forests, but our knowledge regarding the role of bamboo in ecosystem functioning remains in its infancy. We investigated the importance of a native bamboo species to the N cycle of a Neotropical forest. Methods We selected 100 sample units (100 m2 each) in a pristine montane Atlantic Forest, in Brazil. We counted all the clumps and live culms of Merostachys neesii bamboo and calculated the specific and total leaf area, as well as litter production and respective N content. Potential N input was estimated based on available data on BNF rates for the same bamboo species, whose N input was then contextualized using information on N cycling components in the study area. Results With 4,000 live culms ha-1, the native bamboo may contribute up to 11.7 kg N ha-1 during summer (January to March) and 19.6 kg N ha-1 in winter (July to September). When extrapolated for annual values, M. neesii could contribute more than 60 kg N ha-1y-1. Discussion The bamboo species' contribution to N input may be due to its abundance (habitat availability for microbial colonization) and the composition of the free-living N fixer community on its leaves (demonstrated in previous studies). Although some N is lost during decomposition, this input could mitigate the N deficit in the Atlantic Forest studied by at least 27%. Our findings suggest that M. neesii closely regulates N input and may better explain the high diversity and carbon stocks in the area. This is the first time that a study has investigated BNF using free-living N fixers on the phyllosphere of bamboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra C G Padgurschi
- Plant Biology Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone A Vieira
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson J F Stefani
- Plant Biology Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos A Joly
- Plant Biology Department, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marjakangas EL, Genes L, Pires MM, Fernandez FAS, de Lima RAF, de Oliveira AA, Ovaskainen O, Pires AS, Prado PI, Galetti M. Estimating interaction credit for trophic rewilding in tropical forests. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0435. [PMID: 30348879 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophic rewilding has been suggested as a restoration tool to restore ecological interactions and reverse defaunation and its cascading effects on ecosystem functioning. One of the ecological processes that has been jeopardized by defaunation is animal-mediated seed dispersal. Here, we propose an approach that combines joint species distribution models with occurrence data and species interaction records to quantify the potential to restore seed-dispersal interactions through rewilding and apply it to the Atlantic Forest, a global biodiversity hotspot. Using this approach, we identify areas that should benefit the most from trophic rewilding and candidate species that could contribute to cash the credit of seed-dispersal interactions in a given site. We found that sites within large fragments bearing a great diversity of trees may have about 20 times as many interactions to be cashed through rewilding as small fragments in regions where deforestation has been pervasive. We also ranked mammal and bird species according to their potential to restore seed-dispersal interactions if reintroduced while considering the biome as a whole and at finer scales. The suggested approach can aid future conservation efforts in rewilding projects in defaunated tropical rainforests.This article is part of the theme issue 'Trophic rewilding: consequences for ecosystems under global change'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma-Liina Marjakangas
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Luísa Genes
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68020, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Mathias M Pires
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP CEP 13.083-862, Brazil
| | - Fernando A S Fernandez
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68020, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Renato A F de Lima
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.,Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Alexandra S Pires
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo I Prado
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CP 199, Rio Claro, SP 13506-900, Brazil
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Pie MR, Ribeiro LF, Confetti AE, Nadaline MJ, Bornschein MR. A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from southern Brazil. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5683. [PMID: 30310742 PMCID: PMC6174073 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new miniaturized frog of the genus Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) is described from Morro Santo Anjo in the municipality of Massaranduba, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Specimens were collected from the leaf litter between 470 and 540 above sea level. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners by the combination of the following characters: (1) body robust and bufoniform; (2) size snout-vent length 9.9–11.7 mm for males and 10.0–12.9 mm for females; (3) smooth dorsum; (4) general color (in life) orange with white dots and stripe in the middle of the head and along its vertebral column; (5) iris completely black; (6) advertisement call composed of note groups; (7) isolated notes with 1–3 pulses; and (8) short isolated notes (0.002–0.027 s). An estimate of the male density of the new species is also presented. Phylogenetic information indicates that the new species is part of the southernmost clade of Brachycephalus, which includes Brachycephalus fuscolineatus, B. albolineatus, and B. boticario. The severe anthropogenic impacts in and around the type locality indicate that immediate actions should be taken to ensure the long-term preservation of the new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio R Pie
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Ribeiro
- Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Escola de Ciências da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - André E Confetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mário J Nadaline
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Bornschein
- Mater Natura-Instituto de Estudos Ambientais, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.,Instituto de Biociências, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silva Neto ECD, Calegari MR, Pereira MG, Maranhão DDC, Schiavo JA, Fontana A, Fernandes JCF. Phytoliths as indicators of pedogenesis and paleoenvironmental changes in Spodosols of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Total Environ 2018; 636:1070-1080. [PMID: 29913569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to contribute toward a better understanding of the current biodiversity patterns existing in the Atlantic Forest of the state of Rio de Janeiro from a paleo-ecological approach. Three soil profiles, each formed from distinct source materials under varied climate and vegetation conditions were selected from the coastal regions of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Soil horizon samples for chemical and physical characterization were collected from 10 cm-interval depths, and the total organic carbon was determined in addition to performing isotype and phytolithic analyses. The phytolithic analysis associated with the isotopic techniques (δ13C) permitted the characterization of three stages of paleo-environmental evolution for the studied soils, presenting valid trends that indicate small variations within the phytosociological structure of the vegetation along a Spodosols line in the studied areas. These stages indicated that the phytolithic assemblage was formed from a vegetation profile containing more trees, adapted to conditions colder than the existing vegetation, although no environmental changes were detected using the isotopic data. The milder temperature conditions may have favored the pedogenetic processes of the spodic B horizon formation as well as the maintenance of the organic matter contained in the soil. This study serves as the first draft for the paleo-environmental association among the regions where the analyzed profiles are found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcia Regina Calegari
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE - MCR/PR, Rua Pernambuco, 1777- Centro - CP 91, CEP 85960-000 Marechal Cândido Rondon, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcos Gervasio Pereira
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, BR 465 km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Jolimar Antonio Schiavo
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul - UEMS, Rodovia Aquidauana, km 12, CEP 79200-000 Aquidauana, MS, Brazil.
| | - Ademir Fontana
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Solos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Tiepo AN, Hertel MF, Rocha SS, Calzavara AK, De Oliveira ALM, Pimenta JA, Oliveira HC, Bianchini E, Stolf-Moreira R. Enhanced drought tolerance in seedlings of Neotropical tree species inoculated with plant growth-promoting bacteria. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 130:277-288. [PMID: 30036857 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The inoculation of tree species with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) has emerged as an important strategy for the acclimation of seedlings by improving plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inoculation with bacterial species (Azospirillum brasilense - Ab-V5, Bacillus sp., Azomonas sp. and Azorhizophillus sp.) on the growth and physiology of the Neotropical tree species Trema micrantha and Cariniana estrellensis under drought conditions. When associated with Ab-V5 and Azomonas sp., T. micrantha showed increased protein in the leaves, starch in the leaves and roots, photosynthesis, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency and root and shoot dry mass. Moreover, there were reductions in hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, water potential and proline. In C. estrellensis associated with Ab-V5, higher values of photosynthesis and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency were observed, in addition to higher starch content in the leaves and roots and higher protein content in the leaves; lower hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation contents were also observed. The associations of T. micrantha with Ab-V5 and Azomonas sp. and C. estrellensis with Ab-V5 favored the activation of metabolic processes under drought, leading to greater drought tolerance. This work demonstrates the effects of compatible associations of Neotropical tree and PGPB species and suggests that the identification of compatible PGPB strains can result in tree seedlings with increased tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Nunes Tiepo
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Sâmela Santos Rocha
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Antonio Pimenta
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Edmilson Bianchini
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Renata Stolf-Moreira
- Department of Animal and Plant Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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60
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Rosumek FB, Blüthgen N, Brückner A, Menzel F, Gebauer G, Heethoff M. Unveiling community patterns and trophic niches of tropical and temperate ants using an integrative framework of field data, stable isotopes and fatty acids. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5467. [PMID: 30155364 PMCID: PMC6109374 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use and partitioning of trophic resources is a central aspect of community function. On the ground of tropical forests, dozens of ant species may be found together and ecological mechanisms should act to allow such coexistence. One hypothesis states that niche specialization is higher in the tropics, compared to temperate regions. However, trophic niches of most species are virtually unknown. Several techniques might be combined to study trophic niche, such as field observations, fatty acid analysis (FAA) and stable isotope analysis (SIA). In this work, we combine these three techniques to unveil partitioning of trophic resources in a tropical and a temperate community. We describe patterns of resource use, compare them between communities, and test correlation and complementarity of methods to unveil both community patterns and species' niches. Methods Resource use was assessed with seven kinds of bait representing natural resources available to ants. Neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) profiles, and δ15N and δ13C isotope signatures of the species were also obtained. Community patterns and comparisons were analyzed with clustering, correlations, multivariate analyses and interaction networks. Results Resource use structure was similar in both communities. Niche breadths (H') and network metrics (Q and H2') indicated similar levels of generalization between communities. A few species presented more specialized niches, such as Wasmannia auropunctata and Lasius fuliginosus. Stable isotope signatures and NLFA profiles also indicated high generalization, although the latter differed between communities, with temperate species having higher amounts of fat and proportions of C18:1n9. Bait use and NLFA profile similarities were correlated, as well as species' specialization indices (d') for the two methods. Similarities in δ15N and bait use, and in δ13C and NLFA profiles, were also correlated. Discussion Our results agree with the recent view that specialization levels do not change with latitude or species richness. Partition of trophic resources alone does not explain species coexistence in these communities, and might act together with behavioral and environmental mechanisms. Temperate species presented NLFA patterns distinct from tropical ones, which may be related to environmental factors. All methods corresponded in their characterization of species' niches to some extent, and were robust enough to detect differences even in highly generalized communities. However, their combination provides a more comprehensive picture of resource use, and it is particularly important to understand individual niches of species. FAA was applied here for the first time in ant ecology, and proved to be a valuable tool due to its combination of specificity and temporal representativeness. We propose that a framework combining field observations with chemical analysis is valuable to understand resource use in ant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix B Rosumek
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Adrian Brückner
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Florian Menzel
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Michael Heethoff
- Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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61
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Berbel-Filho WM, Ramos TPA, Jacobina UP, Maia DJG, Torres RA, Lima SMQ. Updated checklist and DNA barcode-based species delimitations reveal taxonomic uncertainties among freshwater fishes from the mid-north-eastern Caatinga ecoregion, north-eastern Brazil. J Fish Biol 2018; 93:311-323. [PMID: 30047136 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mid-north-eastern Caatinga is a semiarid freshwater ecoregion in North-eastern Brazil that is dominated by temporary rivers and is currently classified as one of the least ichthyologically-known ecoregions in the world. The present study aimed to provide an updated checklist of mid-north-eastern Caatinga ecoregion (MNCE) freshwater fish species and evaluate their taxonomic identity using morphology, DNA barcoding and multiple species delimitation approaches. After reviewing published studies and ichthyological collections, 119 species were identified. Among these were 94 putatively valid native and 14 non-native species, five undescribed native species, four new records for the MNCE, 11 potential cases of misidentification and 14 species listed as inquirenda. Additionally, 252 individuals from 49 species were barcoded, revealing three potential taxonomic synonyms. The combined molecular approaches estimated a total of 91 native species, although a finalized species list for the MNCE awaits additional taxonomic revisions and field surveys. This study provides the most up-to-date species checklist for the MNCE and a molecular reference database for identifying MNCE fishes with DNA barcodes. Results highlight the need to integrate traditional taxonomy with molecular approaches to correctly identify species, especially in taxonomically problematic ecoregions such as the MNCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldir M Berbel-Filho
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Sistemática e Evolutiva, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Telton P A Ramos
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Sistemática e Evolutiva, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Uedson P Jacobina
- Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva e Ambiental, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ictiologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Penedo, Brazil
| | - Danielle J G Maia
- Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva e Ambiental, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Torres
- Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva e Ambiental, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Sergio M Q Lima
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Sistemática e Evolutiva, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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62
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Coswosk JA, Ferreira RA, Soares EDG, Faria LRR. Responses of Euglossine Bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossina) to an Edge-Forest Gradient in a Large Tabuleiro Forest Remnant in Eastern Brazil. Neotrop Entomol 2018; 47:447-456. [PMID: 28540533 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Euglossine fauna of a large remnant of Brazilian Atlantic forest in eastern Brazil (Reserva Natural Vale) was assessed along an edge-forest gradient towards the interior of the fragment. To test the hypotheses that the structure of assemblages of orchid bees varies along this gradient, the following predictions were evaluated: (i) species richness is positively related to distance from the forest edge, (ii) species diversity is positively related to distance from the edge, (iii) the relative abundance of species associated with forest edge and/or open areas is inversely related to the distance from edge, and (iv) relative abundance of forest-related species is positively related to distance from the edge. A total of 2264 bees of 25 species was assessed at five distances from the edge: 0 m (the edge itself), 100 m, 500 m, 1000 m and 1500 m. Data suggested the existence of an edge-interior gradient for euglossine bees regarding species diversity and composition (considering the relative abundance of edge and forest-related species as a proxy for species composition) but not species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Coswosk
- Depto de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Univ Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, ES, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBN/CEUNES/UFES), São Mateus, ES, Brasil
| | - R A Ferreira
- Depto de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Univ Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, ES, Brasil
| | - E D G Soares
- Depto de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Univ Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, ES, Brasil
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Univ Federal da Integracão Latino-Americana (UNILA), Av. Tarquínio Joslin dos Santos, 1000, Jardim Universitário, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, 85870-901, Brasil
| | - L R R Faria
- Depto de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Univ Federal do Espírito Santo, São Mateus, ES, Brasil.
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Univ Federal da Integracão Latino-Americana (UNILA), Av. Tarquínio Joslin dos Santos, 1000, Jardim Universitário, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, 85870-901, Brasil.
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63
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Castelan FP, Castro-Alves VC, Saraiva LA, Nascimento TP, Cálhau MFNS, Dias CTS, Cordenunsi-Lysenko BR. Natural Ecosystem Surrounding a Conventional Banana Crop Improves Plant Health and Fruit Quality. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:759. [PMID: 29930565 PMCID: PMC6001115 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural ecosystems near agricultural landscapes may provide rich environments for growing crops. However, the effect of a natural ecosystem on crop health and fruit quality is poorly understood. In the present study, it was investigated whether the presence of a natural ecosystem surrounding a crop area influences banana plant health and fruit postharvest behavior. Plants from two conventional banana crop areas with identical planting time and cultural practices were used; the only difference between banana crop areas is that one area was surrounded by a natural forest (Atlantic forest) fragment (Near-NF), while the other area was inserted at the center of a conventional banana crop (Distant-NF). Results showed that bananas harvested from Near-NF showed higher greenlife and a more homogeneous profile during ripening compared to fruits harvested from Distant-NF. Differences in quality parameters including greenlife, carbohydrate profile, and pulp firmness between fruits harvested from Near-NF and Distant-NF are explained, at least partly, by differences in the balance of plant growth regulators (indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid) in bananas during ripening. Furthermore, plants from Near-NF showed a lower severity index of black leaf streak disease (BLSD) and higher levels of phenolic compounds in leaves compared to plants from Distant-NF. Together, the results provide additional evidence on how the maintenance of natural ecosystems near conventional crop areas could be a promising tool to improve plant health and fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence P. Castelan
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center, Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor C. Castro-Alves
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center, Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorenzo A. Saraiva
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita P. Nascimento
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria F. N. S. Cálhau
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos T. S. Dias
- Department of Exact Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Beatriz R. Cordenunsi-Lysenko
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center, Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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64
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Valdespino IA, López CA, Sierra AM, Ceballos J. From the Guiana Highlands to the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest: four new species of Selaginella (Selaginellaceae - Lycopodiophyta: S. agioneuma, S. magnafornensis, S. ventricosa, and S. zartmanii). PeerJ 2018; 6:e4708. [PMID: 29770272 PMCID: PMC5951139 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe four new species in the genus Selaginella (i.e., S. agioneuma, S. magnafornensis, S. ventricosa, and S. zartmanii) from Brazil, all presently classified in subg. Stachygynandrum. For each of the new taxa we discuss taxonomic affinities and provide information on habitat, distribution, and conservation status. In addition, line drawings and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stems sections, leaves, and spores (when present) are included. Selaginella agioneuma and S. magnafornensis are from the State of Espíritu Santo where they inhabit premontane to montane Atlantic rain forests in the Reserva Biológica Augusto Ruschi and Parque Estadual Forno Grande, respectively. Selaginella ventricosa was collected in upper montane forests at Parque Nacional Serra da Mocidade, State of Roraima and S. zartmanii in premontane Amazon rain forests on upper Rio Negro at Mpio. São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas State in both Serra Curicuriari and the Morro dos Seis Lagos Biological Reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván A. Valdespino
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología; Sistema Nacional de Investigación (SNI), Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panama
| | - Christian A. López
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá, Panama
| | - Adriel M. Sierra
- Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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65
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Corrêa FM, Chaves ÓM, Printes RC, Romanowski HP. Surviving in the urban-rural interface: Feeding and ranging behavior of brown howlers (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in an urban fragment in southern Brazil. Am J Primatol 2018; 80:e22865. [PMID: 29722034 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Wild primates that live in urban areas face extreme threats that are less frequent in nonurban fragments, such as the presence of dangerous matrix elements (e.g., roads, power lines, buildings, and a high density of domestic dogs near food patches), that could influence their movements, feeding behavior, and survival. However, the scarcity of studies addressing this issue hinders our understanding of the behavioral adjustments that favor the survival of primates in urban areas. For 12 months, we studied a six-individual group of brown howlers (Alouatta guariba clamitans) in an urban fragment to determine (i) their diet richness and its relationships with food availability, (ii) their daily path length (DPL) and the matrix elements used during movement, and (iii) the main ecological drivers of the DPL. Sampling effort totaled 72 days, 787 hr, and 3,224 instantaneous scans. We found that the diet of brown howlers contained 35 plant species (including seven cultivated crops) belonging to 33 genera and 21 families. The consumption of fruits and young leaves was directly related to their temporal availability. The average DPL (446 m) was smaller than that reported for groups of howlers inhabiting large nonurban fragments. To move between food patches, animals used three main matrix elements: trees, power lines, and roofs. The number of plant species used during the day was the main driver of DPL. Our findings highlighted that the generalist-opportunistic diet of brown howlers and their ability to move across the anthropogenic matrix using artificial elements such as power lines, roofs, and wildlife crossings represent a remarkable part of their behavioral repertory in Lami. However, there are potential costs associated with these strategies, namely, electrocution and predation by domestic dogs. Thus, it is urgent to further investigate how these behaviors could affect the long-term survival of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana M Corrêa
- Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Óscar M Chaves
- Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Organização Fauna Brasilis (OFB), Lami, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C Printes
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Pará, Brazil
| | - Helena P Romanowski
- Instituto de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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66
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Lanna JM, da Silva LAE, Morim MP, Leitman PM, Queiroz NO, Filardi FLR, Dalcin EC, Oliveira FA, Forzza RC. Herbarium collection of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden (RB), Brazil. Biodivers Data J 2018:e22757. [PMID: 29674937 PMCID: PMC5904554 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.6.e22757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This paper provides a quantitative and general description of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden herbarium (RB) dataset. Created over a century ago, the RB currently comprises ca. 750,000 mounted specimens, with a strong representation of Brazilian flora, mainly from the Atlantic and Amazon forests. Nearly 100% of these specimens have been entered into the database and imaged and, at present, about 17% have been geo-referenced. This data paper is focused exclusively on RB's exsiccatae collection of land plants and algae, which is currently increasing by about twenty to thirty thousand specimens per year thanks to fieldwork, exchange and donations. Since 2005, many national and international projects have been implemented, improving the quality and accessibility of the collection. The most important facilitating factor in this process was the creation of the institutional system for plants collection and management, named JABOT. Since the RB is continuously growing, the dataset is updated weekly on SiBBr and GBIF portals. New information The most represented environments are the Atlantic and Amazon forests, a biodiversity hotspot and the world's largest rain forest, respectively. The dataset described in this article contains the data and metadata of plants and algae specimens in the RB collection and the link to access the respective images. Currently, the RB data is publicly available online at several biodiversity portals, such as our institutional database JABOT, the Reflora Virtual Herbarium, the SiBBr and the GBIF portal. However, a description of the RB dataset as a whole is not available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M Lanna
- Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marli P Morim
- Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Flinte V, Abejanella A, Daccordi M, Monteiro RF, Macedo MV. Chrysomelinae species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and new biological data from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Zookeys 2018:5-22. [PMID: 29391849 PMCID: PMC5784215 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.720.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysomelinae is one of the largest subfamilies in Chrysomelidae, yet much basic information remains unknown for Neotropical species. The present study aims to compile the first regional list of Chrysomelinae for the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and assemble natural history traits obtained from our fieldwork from 2005 to 2010 in Serra dos Órgãos National Park, a mountainous area of Atlantic forest. The species list was compiled from data from field work, collections, and literature, and recorded a total of 100 species, belonging to 21 genera in one tribe (Chrysomelini) and three subtribes: Chrysolinina (91 species), Chrysomelina (eight species) and Entomoscelina (one species). Of these, 91 species are new records for the state. Serra dos Órgaõs National Park holds records of 43 species, with Platyphora being the most species-rich genus, and Solanaceae the most common host plant family. Some new records of reproductive mode (larviparous vs. oviparous) and larval behavior are also given. These Brazil Chrysomelinae species exhibited a clear seasonal pattern, with more species recorded in the hot and rainy season from October to January, and considerably fewer species from June to August, during the drier and colder months. The fraction of new records in comparison with published species and natural history information illustrates how little we know of Chrysomelinae in the state and in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Flinte
- Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. CCS, IB, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André Abejanella
- Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. CCS, IB, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauro Daccordi
- Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Lungadige Porta Vittoria 9, 37129, Verona, Italy
| | - Ricardo F Monteiro
- Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. CCS, IB, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Margarete Valverde Macedo
- Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. CCS, IB, Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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68
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Moura BB, Alves ES, Marabesi MA, de Souza SR, Schaub M, Vollenweider P. Ozone affects leaf physiology and causes injury to foliage of native tree species from the tropical Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. Sci Total Environ 2018; 610-611:912-925. [PMID: 28830051 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In southern Brazil, the recent increase in tropospheric ozone (O3) concentrations poses an additional threat to the biodiverse but endangered and fragmented remnants of the Atlantic Forest. Given the mostly unknown sensitivity of tropical species to oxidative stress, the principal objective of this study was to determine whether the current O3 levels in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), downwind of São Paulo, affect the native vegetation of forest remnants. Foliar responses to O3 of three tree species typical of the MRC forests were investigated using indoor chamber exposure experiments under controlled conditions and a field survey. Exposure to 70ppb O3 reduced assimilation and leaf conductance but increased respiration in Astronium graveolens while gas exchange in Croton floribundus was little affected. Both A. graveolens and Piptadenia gonoacantha developed characteristic O3-induced injury in the foliage, similar to visible symptoms observed in >30% of trees assessed in the MRC, while C. floribundus remained asymptomatic. The underlying structural symptoms in both O3-exposed and field samples were indicative of oxidative burst, hypersensitive responses, accelerated cell senescence and, primarily in field samples, interaction with photo-oxidative stress. The markers of O3 stress were thus mostly similar to those observed in other regions of the world. Further research is needed, to estimate the proportion of sensitive forest species, the O3 impact on tree growth and stand stability and to detect O3 hot spots where woody species in the Atlantic Forest are mostly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Baêsso Moura
- Botanical Institute of São Paulo, P. O. Box 4005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Edenise Segala Alves
- Botanical Institute of São Paulo, P. O. Box 4005, 01061-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Vollenweider
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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69
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Fauset S, Gloor MU, Aidar MPM, Freitas HC, Fyllas NM, Marabesi MA, Rochelle ALC, Shenkin A, Vieira SA, Joly CA. Tropical forest light regimes in a human-modified landscape. Ecosphere 2017; 8:e02002. [PMID: 29263939 PMCID: PMC5731677 DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Light is the key energy input for all vegetated systems. Forest light regimes are complex, with the vertical pattern of light within canopies influenced by forest structure. Human disturbances in tropical forests impact forest structure and hence may influence the light environment and thus competitiveness of different trees. In this study, we measured vertical diffuse light profiles along a gradient of anthropogenic disturbance, sampling intact, logged, secondary, and fragmented sites in the biodiversity hot spot of the Atlantic forest, southeast Brazil, using photosynthetically active radiation sensors and a novel approach with estimations of vertical light profiles from hemispherical photographs. Our results show clear differences in vertical light profiles with disturbance: Fragmented forests are characterized by rapid light extinction within their low canopies, while the profiles in logged forests show high heterogeneity and high light in the mid-canopy despite decades of recovery. The secondary forest showed similar light profiles to intact forest, but with a lower canopy height. We also show that in some cases the upper canopy layer and heavy liana infestations can severely limit light penetration. Light extinction with height above the ground and depth below the canopy top was highest in fragmented forest and negatively correlated with canopy height. The novel, inexpensive, and rapid methods described here can be applied to other sites to quantify rarely measured vertical light profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Fauset
- School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Departamento de Biologia VegetalInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de CampinasRua Monteiro Lobato, Cidade UniversitâriaCampinasSao Paulo13083‐862Brazil
| | | | - Marcos P. M. Aidar
- Instituto de Botânica de São PauloAvenida Miguel StéfanoSao Paulo04301‐902Brazil
| | - Helber C. Freitas
- Departamento de FísicaFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade Estadual PaulistaAvenida Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14‐01BauruSao Paulo17033‐360Brazil
- Centro de Meteorologia – IPMet/UNESPEstrada Municipal José SandrinBauruSao Paulo17048‐699Brazil
| | - Nikolaos M. Fyllas
- School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
- Environmental Change InstituteSchool of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QYUK
| | - Mauro A. Marabesi
- Departamento de Biologia VegetalInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de CampinasRua Monteiro Lobato, Cidade UniversitâriaCampinasSao Paulo13083‐862Brazil
- Instituto de Botânica de São PauloAvenida Miguel StéfanoSao Paulo04301‐902Brazil
| | - André L. C. Rochelle
- Departamento de Biologia VegetalInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de CampinasRua Monteiro Lobato, Cidade UniversitâriaCampinasSao Paulo13083‐862Brazil
| | - Alexander Shenkin
- Environmental Change InstituteSchool of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3QYUK
| | - Simone A. Vieira
- Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas AmbientaisUniversidade Estadual de CampinasRua dos Flamboyants, 155CampinasSao Paulo13083‐867Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Joly
- Departamento de Biologia VegetalInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Estadual de CampinasRua Monteiro Lobato, Cidade UniversitâriaCampinasSao Paulo13083‐862Brazil
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Nunes CEP, Wolowski M, Pansarin ER, Gerlach G, Aximoff I, Vereecken NJ, Salvador MJ, Sazima M. More than euglossines: the diverse pollinators and floral scents of Zygopetalinae orchids. Naturwissenschaften 2017; 104:92. [PMID: 29028068 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in plant-pollinator interactions. We investigated the reproductive ecology and floral VOCs of Zygopetalinae orchids to understand the relationship between floral scents and pollinators. We performed focal observations, phenological censuses and breeding system experiments in eight species in southeast Brazil. Floral scents were collected and analysed using SPME/GC-MS. We performed multivariate analyses to group species according to affinities of their VOCs and define compounds associated to each plant. Dichaea cogniauxiana was pollinated by weevils which use their developing ovules, while D. pendula was pollinated by the same weevils and perfume-collecting male euglossine bees. The other species were deceit-pollinated by bees. Zygopetalum crinitum was pollinated by carpenter bees, while W. warreana, Z. mackayi and Z. maxillare were bumblebee-pollinated. The latter was also pollinated by Centris confusa. Breeding system varied widely with no association to any pollinator group. Most VOCs are common to other floral scents. Zygopetalum crinitum presented an exclusive blend of VOCs, mainly composed of benzenoids. The scents of Pabstia jugosa, Promenaea xanthina and the Zygopetalum spp. were similar. The bumblebee-pollinated species have flowering periods partially overlapped, thus neither phenology nor pollinators constitute hybridization barriers among these species. Euglossines are not the only pollinators of Zygopetalinae. Different VOCs, size and lifespan of flowers are associated with distinct pollinators. A distinctive VOC bouquet may determine specialisation in carpenter bees or male euglossines within bee-pollinated flowers. Finally, visitation of deceit-pollinated flowers by perfume-collecting euglossines allows us to hypothesise how pollination by this group of bees had evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E P Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6109, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Marina Wolowski
- Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Emerson Ricardo Pansarin
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Günter Gerlach
- Botanical Garden München-Nymphenburg, Menzinger Str., 65, 80638, Munich, Germany
| | - Izar Aximoff
- Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, Rio de Janeiro, RG, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Nicolas J Vereecken
- Agroecology & Pollination Group, Landscape Ecology & Plant Production Systems Unit, Free University of Brussels, Boulevard du Triomphe C.P. 264/2, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marcos José Salvador
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C. P. 6109, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Marlies Sazima
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C. P. 6109, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
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71
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Bovendorp RS, Villar N, de Abreu-Junior EF, Bello C, Regolin AL, Percequillo AR, Galetti M. Atlantic small-mammal: a dataset of communities of rodents and marsupials of the Atlantic forests of South America. Ecology 2017; 98:2226. [PMID: 28500789 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of small mammal ecology to the understanding of macroecological patterns of biodiversity, population dynamics, and community assembly has been hindered by the absence of large datasets of small mammal communities from tropical regions. Here we compile the largest dataset of inventories of small mammal communities for the Neotropical region. The dataset reviews small mammal communities from the Atlantic forest of South America, one of the regions with the highest diversity of small mammals and a global biodiversity hotspot, though currently covering less than 12% of its original area due to anthropogenic pressures. The dataset comprises 136 references from 300 locations covering seven vegetation types of tropical and subtropical Atlantic forests of South America, and presents data on species composition, richness, and relative abundance (captures/trap-nights). One paper was published more than 70 yr ago, but 80% of them were published after 2000. The dataset comprises 53,518 individuals of 124 species of small mammals, including 30 species of marsupials and 94 species of rodents. Species richness averaged 8.2 species (1-21) per site. Only two species occurred in more than 50% of the sites (the common opossum, Didelphis aurita and black-footed pigmy rice rat Oligoryzomys nigripes). Mean species abundance varied 430-fold, from 4.3 to 0.01 individuals/trap-night. The dataset also revealed a hyper-dominance of 22 species that comprised 78.29% of all individuals captured, with only seven species representing 44% of all captures. The information contained on this dataset can be applied in the study of macroecological patterns of biodiversity, communities, and populations, but also to evaluate the ecological consequences of fragmentation and defaunation, and predict disease outbreaks, trophic interactions and community dynamics in this biodiversity hotspot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo S Bovendorp
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Nacho Villar
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Edson F de Abreu-Junior
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bello
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - André L Regolin
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre R Percequillo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CP. 199, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
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Bergamo PJ, Wolowski M, Maruyama PK, Vizentin-Bugoni J, Carvalheiro LG, Sazima M. The potential indirect effects among plants via shared hummingbird pollinators are structured by phenotypic similarity. Ecology 2017; 98:1849-1858. [PMID: 28402583 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plant species within communities may overlap in pollinators' use and influence visitation patterns of shared pollinators, potentially engaging in indirect interactions (e.g., facilitation or competition). While several studies have explored the mechanisms regulating insect-pollination networks, there is a lack of studies on bird-pollination systems, particularly in species-rich tropical areas. Here, we evaluated if phenotypic similarity, resource availability (floral abundance), evolutionary relatedness and flowering phenology affect the potential for indirect effects via shared pollinators in hummingbird-pollinated plant species within four communities in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Among the evaluated factors, phenotypic similarity (corolla length and anther height) was the most important variable, while resource availability (floral abundance) had a secondary importance. On the other hand, evolutionary relatedness and flowering phenology were less important, which altogether highlights the relevance of convergent evolution and that the contribution of a plant to the diet of the pollinators of another plant is independent of the level of temporal overlap in flowering in this tropical system. Interestingly, our findings contrast with results from multiple insect-pollinated plant communities, mostly from temperate regions, in which floral abundance was the most important driver, followed by evolutionary relatedness and phenotypic similarity. We propose that these contrasting results are due to high level of specialization inherent to tropical hummingbird-pollination systems. Moreover, our results demonstrated that factors defining linkage rules of plant-hummingbird networks also determinate plant-plant potential indirect effects. Future studies are needed to test if these findings can be generalized to other highly specialized systems. Overall, our results have important implications for the understanding of ecological processes due resource sharing in mutualistic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Joaquim Bergamo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Wolowski
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Pietro Kiyoshi Maruyama
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Vizentin-Bugoni
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Luísa G Carvalheiro
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes(CE3C), Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marlies Sazima
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, C.P. 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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73
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Nakahara S, Barbosa EP, Freitas AVL. A Potentially Endangered New Species of Euptychia Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the Atlantic Coastal Forest of Brazil. Neotrop Entomol 2017; 46:302-309. [PMID: 28063143 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new satyrine species in the subtribe Euptychiina, Euptychia atlantica Nakahara & Freitas sp. nov., is described from the Atlantic coastal forest of Brazil. Based on the existing museum specimens, E. atlantica sp. nov. is known from the coastal montane forests of Rio de Janeiro to south Bahia, a unique biogeographical region which is undergoing rapid degradation. Illustrations of adults and their genitalia, as well as a distribution map, are provided herein, in addition to a discussion of the relationships and conservation status of the new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nakahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, Univ of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - E P Barbosa
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Animal, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - A V L Freitas
- Depto de Biologia Animal and Museu de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Animal, Univ Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
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Alvarenga DA, Pina-Costa A, Bianco C Jr, Moreira SB, Brasil P, Pissinatti A, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Brito CF. New potential Plasmodium brasilianum hosts: tamarin and marmoset monkeys (family Callitrichidae). Malar J 2017; 16:71. [PMID: 28187764 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-human primates (NHPs) as a source for Plasmodium infections in humans are a challenge for malaria elimination. In Brazil, two species of Plasmodium have been described infecting NHPs, Plasmodium brasilianum and Plasmodium simium. Both species are infective to man. Plasmodium brasilianum resembles morphologically, genetically and immunologically the human quartan Plasmodium malariae. Plasmodium brasilianum naturally infects species of non-human primates from all New World monkey families from a large geographic area. In the family Callitrichidae only the genus Saguinus has been described infected so far. The present study describes the natural infection of P. brasilianum in tamarins and marmosets of the genera Callithrix, Mico and Leontopithecus in the Atlantic forest. Methods One hundred and twenty-two NHPs of the family Callitrichidae housed in the Primate Centre of Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ) were sampled in June 2015, and January and July 2016. The CPRJ is located in the Atlantic forest in the Guapimirim municipality, in the Rio de Janeiro state, where human autochthonous cases of malaria have been reported. The samples were screened for the presence of Plasmodium using optical microscopy and nested PCR for detection of 18S small subunit rRNA gene. The amplicon was sequenced to confirm the molecular diagnosis. Results The frequency of Plasmodium infections detected by nested PCR in New World monkeys of the family Callitrichidae was 6.6%. For the first time, Callitrichidae primates of genera Callithrix, Mico and Leontopithecus were found naturally infected with P. brasilianum. Infection was confirmed by sequencing a small fragment of 18S rRNA gene, although no parasites were detected in blood smears. Conclusions The reported P. brasilianum infection in NHP species maintained in captivity suggests that infection can be favoured by the presence of vectors and the proximity between known (and unknown) hosts of malaria. Thus, the list of potential malaria reservoirs needs to be further explored. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1724-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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75
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Gouveia SF, Souza-Alves JP, de Souza BB, Beltrão-Mendes R, Jerusalinsky L, Ferrari SF. Functional planning units for the management of an endangered Brazilian titi monkey. Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [PMID: 28103408 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Conservation practices in the tropics often rely on the data available for a few, better-known species and the adoption of an appropriate spatial scale. By defining a set of landscape units that account for critical aspects of the focal species, the information available on these conservation targets can support regional conservation policies. Here, we define and classify adjacent landscapes, termed planning units, to orientate management decisions within and among these landscapes, which are occupied by an endangered flagship primate species (Coimbra-Filho's titi monkey, Callicebus coimbrai) from eastern Brazil. We use landscape boundaries (highways and river systems), and a high-resolution map of forest remnants to identify continuous and manageable landscapes. We employed functional landscape metrics based on the species' dispersal ability and home range size to characterize and classify these landscapes. We classified planning units by scoring them according to a suite of selected metrics through a Principal Component Analysis. We propose 31 planning units, containing one to six C. coimbrai populations, most with low values of habitat availability, functional connectivity and carrying capacity, and a high degree of degradation. Due to this poor landscape configuration, basic management practices are recommendable. However, additional aspects of the landscapes and the populations they contain (e.g., matrix type and genetic variability) should improve the scheme, which will require a closer integration of research aims with socio-political strategies. Even so, our scheme should prove useful for the combination of information on conservation targets (i.e., focal species) with management strategies on an administrative scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney F Gouveia
- Department of Ecology, Campus Prof. José Aloísio de Campos, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Souza-Alves
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bruno B de Souza
- Institute of Environment and Water Resources of Bahia (INEMA), Bairro Tamboril, Seabra, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Raone Beltrão-Mendes
- Department of Ecology, Campus Prof. José Aloísio de Campos, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Leandro Jerusalinsky
- Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity, National Center for Research and Conservation of Brazilian Primates (CPB), Centro Histórico, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Stephen F Ferrari
- Department of Ecology, Campus Prof. José Aloísio de Campos, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
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da Costa END, de Souza JC, Pereira MA, de Souza MFL, de Souza WFL, da Silva DML. Influence of hydrological pathways on dissolved organic carbon fluxes in tropical streams. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:228-239. [PMID: 28070286 PMCID: PMC5216674 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Water flow pathways and water balance are fundamental components for understanding the dynamics of C in the soil/water interface of small basins. The objective of this study was to describe the seasonal variations and estimate the annual balance of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by comparing two tropical microbasins (preserved forest—PF and cacao plantation—CP). Twenty‐one weekly collections were conducted from September to December 2012 and from April to June 2013. The calculation of the partial balance considered precipitation (P) as inflow and the stream as outflow. The samples were filtered and analyzed using a TOC analyzer. Overall, the DOC was higher CP compared with FP. The behavior of both venues showed that rainy season caused an increase in concentrations in the overland flow (OF) and in the stream, and a decrease in the precipitation (P) and in the throughfall (T). In the CP, the outflow and the soil were chiefly responsible for the high DOC concentrations in the stream, when compared to the PF, which is the result of constant OM decomposition. Soil composition contributes to the control of DOC consumption in each type of soil. The balances were negative in both microbasins, although losses were higher in the AFS (agroforestry systems) when compared to the PF, especially during rainy seasons (−8.98 and −3.05 kg ha−1 year−1, CP and FP, respectively). Thus, the high annual loss of DOC in the CP of the microbasins during the rainy season indicates changes in ecosystem metabolism due to the vegetation cover and to the interactions with the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Weber Friederichs Landim de Souza
- INT/Divisão de Química Analítica Laboratório de Química Analítica Inorgânica Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Bacci LF, Amorim AM, Goldenberg R. Three new species of Bertolonia (Melastomataceae) from Espírito Santo, Brazil. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2822. [PMID: 28028482 PMCID: PMC5183162 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe and illustrate three new species of Bertolonia, all endemic to the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Bertolonia duasbocaensis and B. macrocalyx occur close to each other, in the municipalities of Cariacica and Viana. Bertolonia ruschiana has a wider distribution, occurring in the municipalities of Santa Leopoldina, Santa Maria de Jetibá and Santa Teresa. The first two species are classified as critically endangered (CR), and the latter as endangered (EN). We also present an identification key for the species of Bertolonia that occur in Espírito Santo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas F Bacci
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - André M Amorim
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau, Herbário CEPEC, Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Renato Goldenberg
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
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Pinheiro MPG, Silva JHTD, Inacio CLS, Ximenes MDFFDM. Anthropophily of Lutzomyia wellcomei (Diptera: Psychodidae) in an Atlantic Forest Conservation Unit in Northeast Brazil. J Med Entomol 2016; 53:1444-1448. [PMID: 27330100 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lutzomyia wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson) (Diptera: Psychodidae) can act as an important vector of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis This study presents the results of collections carried out in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in a Conservation Unit of Rio Grande do Norte state. Collections occurred over 12 consecutive months using Shannon and CDC traps. A total of 777 sand flies from eight species were collected: Lutzomyia walkeri (Newstead), Lutzomyia evandroi (Costa Lima & Antunes), Lutzomyia wellcomei (Fraiha, Shaw & Lainson), Lutzomyia sordellii (Shannon & Del Ponte), Lutzomyia brasiliensis (Costa Lima), Lutzomyia lenti (Mangabeira), Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva), and Lutzomyia abonnenci (Floch & Chassignet). Lutzomyia wellcomei was the most abundant species using the Shannon trap (97%) and L. walkeri in the CDC trap (81%). It is important to note the abundance of L. wellcomei in Shannon trap collections, which favors the capture of anthropophilic species. Lutzomyia wellcomei was only present in months where rainfall was above 100 mm, confirming it as a species adapted to wetter months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Paulo Gomes Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59.078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (; ; ; )
| | - José Hilário Tavares da Silva
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59.078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (; ; ; )
| | - Cássio Lázaro Silva Inacio
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59.078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (; ; ; )
| | - Maria de Fátima Freire de Melo Ximenes
- Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59.078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (; ; ; )
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Zeringóta V, Maturano R, Luz HR, Senra TOS, Daemon E, Faccini JLH, McIntosh D. Molecular detection of Rickettsia rhipicephali and other spotted fever group Rickettsia species in Amblyomma ticks infesting wild birds in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 8:81-89. [PMID: 27745888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated parasitism of wild birds by ticks in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and examined the ticks for rickettsial agents. Birds were captured during 2014 and 2015 and ticks were identified by sequencing fragments of the 16S and 12S ribosomal DNA. Among 260 birds representing 19 families and 52 species, a total of 69 (26.5%) were found to be infested by larvae (LL) and/or nymphs (NN) of Amblyomma longirostre (Koch, 1844) (45 LL, 4 NN), Amblyomma calcaratum Neumann, 1899 (9 LL, 15 NN), Amblyomma nodosum Neumann, 1899 (2 NN), Amblyomma parkeri Fonseca and Aragão, 1952 (21 LL), Amblyomma sp. haplotype Nazaré (77 LL), and Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard, 1869) (17 LL, 1 NN). The use of PCR and sequencing of the rickettsial genes gltA, htrA, ompA and ompB, revealed the presence of "Candidatus Rickettsia amblyommii" in A. longirostre (13/49; 26%) and Rickettsia parkeri (strain ApPR) in both A. parkeri (1/21; 5%) and haplotype Nazaré (42/77; 55%) ticks. In addition, we detected Rickettsia rhipicephali in 31 (40%) of the 77 haplotype Nazaré ticks. This is the first record of this rickettsial agent in a species of the genus Amblyomma. The pathogenic potential of this bacterium is undetermined, but the unprecedented association with Amblyomma ticks may represent a cause for concern for public and/or animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Zeringóta
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Ralph Maturano
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Hermes Ribeiro Luz
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Tatiane Oliveira Souza Senra
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Erik Daemon
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
| | - João Luiz Horacio Faccini
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
| | - Douglas McIntosh
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
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Eugenio FC, Rosa Dos Santos A, Fiedler NC, Ribeiro GA, da Silva AG, Juvanhol RS, Schettino VR, Marcatti GE, Domingues GF, Alves Dos Santos GMAD, Pezzopane JEM, Pedra BD, Banhos A, Martins LD. GIS applied to location of fires detection towers in domain area of tropical forest. Sci Total Environ 2016; 562:542-549. [PMID: 27110968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In most countries, the loss of biodiversity caused by the fires is worrying. In this sense, the fires detection towers are crucial for rapid identification of fire outbreaks and can also be used in environmental inspection, biodiversity monitoring, telecommunications mechanisms, telemetry and others. Currently the methodologies for allocating fire detection towers over large areas are numerous, complex and non-standardized by government supervisory agencies. Therefore, this study proposes and evaluates different methodologies to best location of points to install fire detection towers considering the topography, risk areas, conservation units and heat spots. Were used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques and unaligned stratified systematic sampling for implementing and evaluating 9 methods for allocating fire detection towers. Among the methods evaluated, the C3 method was chosen, represented by 140 fire detection towers, with coverage of: a) 67% of the study area, b) 73.97% of the areas with high risk, c) 70.41% of the areas with very high risk, d) 70.42% of the conservation units and e) 84.95% of the heat spots in 2014. The proposed methodology can be adapted to areas of other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Coelho Eugenio
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Sciences, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Rosa Dos Santos
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Sciences, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil.
| | - Nilton Cesar Fiedler
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Sciences, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil.
| | - Guido Assunção Ribeiro
- Federal University of Viçosa/UFV, Graduate Program in Forest Science, Avenida P. H. Rolfs; s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Aderbal Gomes da Silva
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Sciences, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil.
| | - Ronie Silva Juvanhol
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Sciences, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil.
| | - Vitor Roberto Schettino
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Department of Geology, Alto Universitário, s/n, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Eduardo Marcatti
- Federal University of Viçosa/UFV, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Science, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Getúlio Fonseca Domingues
- Federal University of Viçosa/UFV, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Science, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - José Eduardo Macedo Pezzopane
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, PostGraduate Programme in Forest Sciences, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Duguy Pedra
- University of Barcelona, Department of Vegetal Biology, Faculty of Biology, Av. Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aureo Banhos
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, Department of Biology, Alto Universitário, s/n, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil.
| | - Lima Deleon Martins
- Federal University of Espírito Santo/UFES, PostGraduate Programme in Plant Production, Alto Universitário, s/n, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil.
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81
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Marques R, Mebert K, Fonseca É, Rödder D, Solé M, Tinôco MS. Composition and natural history notes of the coastal snake assemblage from Northern Bahia, Brazil. Zookeys 2016:93-142. [PMID: 27594800 PMCID: PMC4992808 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.611.9529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Information about the snake diversity and their natural history from the Atlantic forest domain in Brazil refer mostly to inland forests than to coastal region. Within the state of Bahia, this knowledge is concentrated to the southeastern coastal stretch. Herein we report on the diversity of snakes from the restinga, ombrophilous forest and anthropogenic environment from the northern Atlantic coast of Bahia. We sampled nine sites for three years and visited four museum collections. Furthermore, we provide anecdotal natural history information, voucher analyses, literature complements, and a key to fascilitate species identification. We report a total of 774 snakes belonging to 50 species and 23 new distribution records for northeastern coast of Bahia, supplemented by new data on feeding and reproduction. The number of detected species is similar to numbers obtained in comparable studies from other Brazilian ecoregions. This study reports and focuses for the first time on all known species of snakes from the northeastern coast of Bahia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Marques
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). Cidade Universitária. Rua José Dionísio da Silva, s/n, 58059-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16. CEP 45662-900. Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Universidade Católica do Salvador, PROPP-PPGPA - Centro de Ecologia e Conservação Ambiental - ECOA. Avenida Prof. Pinto de Aguiar, 2589. CEP 41740-090. Pituaçu, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Konrad Mebert
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16. CEP 45662-900. Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Érica Fonseca
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal. Avenida Roraima, n° 1000, Cidade Universitária. CEP 67105-900. Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Universidade Católica do Salvador, PROPP-PPGPA - Centro de Ecologia e Conservação Ambiental - ECOA. Avenida Prof. Pinto de Aguiar, 2589. CEP 41740-090. Pituaçu, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Dennis Rödder
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16. CEP 45662-900. Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Department of Herpetology, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mirco Solé
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia. Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16. CEP 45662-900. Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Moacir Santos Tinôco
- University of Kent at Canterbury; DICE - Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology; School of Anthropology and Conservation. Marlowe Building, Kent, CT2 7NZ, UK; Universidade Católica do Salvador, PROPP-PPGPA - Centro de Ecologia e Conservação Ambiental - ECOA. Avenida Prof. Pinto de Aguiar, 2589. CEP 41740-090. Pituaçu, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Takiya DM, Santos APM, Pinto ÂP, Henriques-Oliveira AL, Carvalho ADL, Sampaio BHL, Clarkson B, Moreira FFF, Avelino-Capistrano F, Gonçalves IC, Cordeiro IDRS, Câmara JT, Barbosa JF, de Souza WRM, Rafael JA. Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceará State) and Sete Cidades (Piauí State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil. Biodivers Data J 2016:e8354. [PMID: 27660528 PMCID: PMC5018107 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.4.e8354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diversity and distribution of Neotropical aquatic insects is still poorly known, with many species to be recorded and many others to be described, due to the small number of taxonomists and sparse faunistic studies. This knowledge is especially poor in the Caatinga Domain in Northeastern Brazil, even though, this region may have played an important historical role in the spatial evolution of faunas of forested areas in northern South America. New information Aquatic insect checklists of 96 species from Parque Nacional de Ubajara (Ceará State, Brazil) and 112 species from Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (Piauí State, Brazil) are presented, representing the following taxa: Elmidae, Epimetopidae, Hydrophilidae, and Torridincolidae (Coleoptera), Hemerodromiinae (Diptera: Empididae), Ephemeroptera, Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha (Hemiptera), Odonata, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera. Because of the scarce number of biological inventories in Northeastern Brazil, several new distributional records (of species, genera, and families) for Brazil, Northeastern Brazil, and Ceará and Piauí states are provided. In addition, several undescribed species were detected, being 26 from Ubajara and 20 from Sete Cidades. Results represent a significant increase to the known fauna of these states, ranging from 13%-70% increase for Ceará and 41% to 91% increase for Piauí. Although both parks are relatively close to each other and within the Caatinga domain, their aquatic fauna display a very high complementarity (89% species), possibly due to structural differences of water bodies sampled in each park. Rarefaction curves based on quantitative light trap samples suggest a much higher expected species richness of aquatic insects at Sete Cidades than at Ubajara National Park. Discussion on biogeographical affinities of this sample of the Caatinga fauna is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maeda Takiya
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ângelo Parise Pinto
- Laboratório de Biologia e Sistemática de Odonata (LABIOSIS), Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Henriques-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alcimar do Lago Carvalho
- Laboratório de Biologia e Sistemática de Odonata (LABIOSIS), Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Clarkson
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo Moreira
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Avelino-Capistrano
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Inês Corrêa Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabelle da Rocha Silva Cordeiro
- Laboratório Nacional e Internacional de Referência em Taxonomia de Triatomíneos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Julianna Freires Barbosa
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - W Rafael Maciel de Souza
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Albertino Rafael
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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83
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Ramalho MOF, Santos RM, Fernandes TT, Morini MSC, Bueno OC. "Cytochrome c oxidase I DNA sequence of Camponotus ants with different nesting strategies is a tool for distinguishing between morphologically similar species". Genetica 2016; 144:375-83. [PMID: 27220863 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-016-9906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The great diversity of Camponotus, high levels of geographic, intraspecific and morphological variation common to most species of this genus make the determination of the interspecific limits of Camponotus a complex task. The Cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) gene was sequenced in this study to serve as an auxiliary tool in the identification of two taxa of Camponotus thought to be morphologically similar. Additionally, characteristics related to nesting were described. Five to fifteen workers from twenty-one colonies were analyzed, collected from twigs scattered in the leaf litter and from trees located in different regions of Brazil. Phylogenetic reconstructions, haplotype network, and nesting strategies confirmed the existence of two species and that they correspond to Camponotus senex and Camponotus textor. Our results emphasize that the COI can be used as an additional tool for the identification of morphologically similar Camponotus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela O F Ramalho
- Biologia, CEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo M Santos
- Biologia, NCA, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Campus de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Centro Cívico, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, 08780-911, Brazil
| | - Tae T Fernandes
- Biologia, NCA, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Campus de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Centro Cívico, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, 08780-911, Brazil
| | - Maria Santina C Morini
- Biologia, NCA, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Campus de Mogi das Cruzes, Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Centro Cívico, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, 08780-911, Brazil
| | - Odair C Bueno
- Biologia, CEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Campus Rio Claro, Av. 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil
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84
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Gücker B, Silva RCS, Graeber D, Monteiro JAF, Boëchat IG. Urbanization and agriculture increase exports and differentially alter elemental stoichiometry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from tropical catchments. Sci Total Environ 2016; 550:785-792. [PMID: 26849342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many tropical biomes are threatened by rapid land-use change, but its catchment-wide biogeochemical effects are poorly understood. The few previous studies on DOM in tropical catchments suggest that deforestation and subsequent land use increase stream water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, but consistent effects on DOM elemental stoichiometry have not yet been reported. Here, we studied stream water DOC concentrations, catchment DOC exports, and DOM elemental stoichiometry in 20 tropical catchments at the Cerrado-Atlantic rainforest transition, dominated by natural vegetation, pasture, intensive agriculture, and urban land cover. Streams draining pasture could be distinguished from those draining natural catchments by their lower DOC concentrations, with lower DOM C:N and C:P ratios. Catchments with intensive agriculture had higher DOC exports and lower DOM C:P ratios than natural catchments. Finally, with the highest DOC concentrations and exports, as well as the highest DOM C:P and N:P ratios, but the lowest C:N ratios among all land-use types, urbanized catchments had the strongest effects on catchment DOM. Thus, urbanization may have alleviated N limitation of heterotrophic DOM decomposition, but increased P limitation. Land use-especially urbanization-also affected the seasonality of catchment biogeochemistry. While natural catchments exhibited high DOC exports and concentrations, with high DOM C:P ratios in the rainy season only, urbanized catchments had high values in these variables throughout the year. Our results suggest that urbanization and pastoral land use exerted the strongest impacts on DOM biogeochemistry in the investigated tropical catchments and should thus be important targets for management and mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Gücker
- Applied Limnology Laboratory, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil.
| | - Ricky C S Silva
- Applied Limnology Laboratory, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | | | - José A F Monteiro
- Applied Limnology Laboratory, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Iola G Boëchat
- Applied Limnology Laboratory, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, Brazil
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Byrne H, Rylands AB, Carneiro JC, Alfaro JWL, Bertuol F, da Silva MNF, Messias M, Groves CP, Mittermeier RA, Farias I, Hrbek T, Schneider H, Sampaio I, Boubli JP. Phylogenetic relationships of the New World titi monkeys (Callicebus): first appraisal of taxonomy based on molecular evidence. Front Zool 2016; 13:10. [PMID: 26937245 PMCID: PMC4774130 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Titi monkeys, Callicebus, comprise the most species-rich primate genus—34 species are currently recognised, five of them described since 2005. The lack of molecular data for titi monkeys has meant that little is known of their phylogenetic relationships and divergence times. To clarify their evolutionary history, we assembled a large molecular dataset by sequencing 20 nuclear and two mitochondrial loci for 15 species, including representatives from all recognised species groups. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using concatenated maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, allowing us to evaluate the current taxonomic hypothesis for the genus. Results Our results show four distinct Callicebus clades, for the most part concordant with the currently recognised morphological species-groups—the torquatus group, the personatus group, the donacophilus group, and the moloch group. The cupreus and moloch groups are not monophyletic, and all species of the formerly recognized cupreus group are reassigned to the moloch group. Two of the major divergence events are dated to the Miocene. The torquatus group, the oldest radiation, diverged c. 11 Ma; and the Atlantic forest personatus group split from the ancestor of all donacophilus and moloch species at 9–8 Ma. There is little molecular evidence for the separation of Callicebus caligatus and C. dubius, and we suggest that C. dubius should be considered a junior synonym of a polymorphic C. caligatus. Conclusions Considering molecular, morphological and biogeographic evidence, we propose a new genus level taxonomy for titi monkeys: Cheracebus n. gen. in the Orinoco, Negro and upper Amazon basins (torquatus group), Callicebus Thomas, 1903, in the Atlantic Forest (personatus group), and Plecturocebus n. gen. in the Amazon basin and Chaco region (donacophilus and moloch groups). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0142-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Byrne
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Room 315, Peel Building, Salford, UK
| | | | - Jeferson C Carneiro
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Bragança, Bragança, Pará Brazil
| | - Jessica W Lynch Alfaro
- Department of Anthropology, Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Fabricio Bertuol
- Evolution and Animal Genetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Maria N F da Silva
- Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | | | - Colin P Groves
- School of Archaeology & Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Izeni Farias
- Evolution and Animal Genetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Evolution and Animal Genetics Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Horacio Schneider
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Bragança, Bragança, Pará Brazil
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Bragança, Bragança, Pará Brazil
| | - Jean P Boubli
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Room 315, Peel Building, Salford, UK ; Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
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86
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Neves DA, Paluch M. Biology and External Morphology of Immatures of O psiphanes quiteria meridionalis Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Neotrop Entomol 2016; 45:13-21. [PMID: 26341197 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-015-0323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The genus Opsiphanes Doubleday occurs in the Neotropics. Adults belong to the guild of frugivorous butterflies and use as host plants some genera of Arecaceae and Musaceae. The present study provides information on the biology and describes the external morphology of immatures of the species Opsiphanes quiteria meridionalis Staudinger obtained from females collected in the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil. The development of immatures was monitored and photographed in the laboratory. The larvae were fed with leaves of Dypsis lutescens (Arecaceae), an ornamental plant. The egg stage lasted, on average, 7.2 days. The larval stage had five instars, with an average duration of 48.5 days. The pupal stage lasted 16.5 days. The average growth rate of the head capsule was 1.5 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Neves
- Lab de Sistemática e Conservação de Insetos, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, CCAAB, Univ Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, Centro, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil.
| | - M Paluch
- Lab de Sistemática e Conservação de Insetos, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, CCAAB, Univ Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Rua Rui Barbosa, 710, Centro, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brasil
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Radaeski JN, Bauermann SG, Pereira AB. Poaceae Pollen from Southern Brazil: Distinguishing Grasslands (Campos) from Forests by Analyzing a Diverse Range of Poaceae Species. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1833. [PMID: 27999585 PMCID: PMC5138494 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This aim of this study was to distinguish grasslands from forests in southern Brazil by analyzing Poaceae pollen grains. Through light microscopy analysis, we measured the size of the pollen grain, pore, and annulus from 68 species of Rio Grande do Sul. Measurements were recorded of 10 forest species and 58 grassland species, representing all tribes of the Poaceae in Rio Grande do Sul. We measured the polar, equatorial, pore, and annulus diameter. Results of statistical tests showed that arboreous forest species have larger pollen grain sizes than grassland and herbaceous forest species, and in particular there are strongly significant differences between arboreous and grassland species. Discriminant analysis identified three distinct groups representing each vegetation type. Through the pollen measurements we established three pollen types: larger grains (>46 μm), from the Bambuseae pollen type, medium-sized grains (46-22 μm), from herbaceous pollen type, and small grains (<22 μm), from grassland pollen type. The results of our compiled Poaceae pollen dataset may be applied to the fossil pollen of Quaternary sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson N. Radaeski
- Universidade Federal do PampaSão Gabriel, Brazil
- Laboratório de Palinologia da Universidade Luterana do Brasil–ULBRA, Universidade Luterana do BrazilCanoas, Brazil
| | - Soraia G. Bauermann
- Laboratório de Palinologia da Universidade Luterana do Brasil–ULBRA, Universidade Luterana do BrazilCanoas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Jefferson N. Radaeski
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88
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Calazans LSB, Antas NG, Sakuragui CM. Philodendron luisae (Araceae), a new species from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Bot Stud 2015; 56:1. [PMID: 28510810 PMCID: PMC5430322 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-015-0082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Philodendron is the second largest genus of Araceae, being highly diverse in the Atlantic Forest biome, with nearly one third of the Brazilian species occurring in Southern Brazil, particularly in Rio de Janeiro state. During a local inventory in Silva Jardim municipality, we found a peculiar population of Philodendron growing in lowland rainforest. RESULTS After morphological analysis and comparisons with similar species, the population proved to be a new undescribed species of subgenus Philodendron section Macrobelium. CONCLUSIONS The new species, named Philodendron luisae, is here described, illustrated and compared to morphologically close species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Silva Braucks Calazans
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Sala A1-088 - Bloco A, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro CEP, 21941-902 RJ Brazil
| | - Nerivaldo Gomes Antas
- Fundação Luisa Sartori, Sartori Árvores Nativas e Reflorestamento, Fazenda Além do Horizonte Rodovia RJ-126, km 28, s/n – Gaviões, Silva Jardim, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Cassia Mônica Sakuragui
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 - Sala A1-088 - Bloco A, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro CEP, 21941-902 RJ Brazil
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89
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Podadera DS, Engel VL, Parrotta JA, Machado DL, Sato LM, Durigan G. Influence of Removal of a Non-native Tree Species Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth. on the Regenerating Plant Communities in a Tropical Semideciduous Forest Under Restoration in Brazil. Environ Manage 2015; 56:1148-1158. [PMID: 26105971 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exotic species are used to trigger facilitation in restoration plantings, but this positive effect may not be permanent and these species may have negative effects later on. Since such species can provide a marketable product (firewood), their harvest may represent an advantageous strategy to achieve both ecological and economic benefits. In this study, we looked at the effect of removal of a non-native tree species (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) on the understory of a semideciduous forest undergoing restoration. We assessed two 14-year-old plantation systems (modified "taungya" agroforestry system; and mixed plantation using commercial timber and firewood tree species) established at two sites with contrasting soil properties in São Paulo state, Brazil. The experimental design included randomized blocks with split plots. The natural regeneration of woody species (height ≥0.2 m) was compared between managed (all M. caesalpiniifolia trees removed) and unmanaged plots during the first year after the intervention. The removal of M. caesalpiniifolia increased species diversity but decreased stand basal area. Nevertheless, the basal area loss was recovered after 1 year. The management treatment affected tree species regeneration differently between species groups. The results of this study suggest that removal of M. caesalpiniifolia benefited the understory and possibly accelerated the succession process. Further monitoring studies are needed to evaluate the longer term effects on stand structure and composition. The lack of negative effects of tree removal on the natural regeneration indicates that such interventions can be recommended, especially considering the expectations of economic revenues from tree harvesting in restoration plantings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego S Podadera
- School of Agricultural Sciences-FCA, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vera L Engel
- School of Agricultural Sciences-FCA, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - John A Parrotta
- USDA Forest Service - Research & Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deivid L Machado
- School of Agricultural Sciences-FCA, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane M Sato
- School of Agricultural Sciences-FCA, São Paulo State University-UNESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giselda Durigan
- Forestry Institute of São Paulo State, Assis State Forest, Assis, SP, Brazil
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90
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Côrtes ALA, Rapini A, Daniel TF. The Tetramerium lineage (Acanthaceae: Justicieae) does not support the Pleistocene Arc hypothesis for South American seasonally dry forests. Am J Bot 2015; 102:992-1007. [PMID: 26101423 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The Tetramerium lineage (Acanthaceae) presents a striking ecological structuring in South America, with groups concentrated in moist forests or in seasonally dry forests. In this study, we investigate the circumscription and relationships of the South American genera as a basis for better understanding historic interactions between dry and moist biomes in the Neotropics. METHODS We dated the ancestral distribution of the Tetramerium lineage based on one nuclear and four plastid DNA regions. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference analyses were performed for this study using 104 terminals. Phylogenetic divergences were dated using a relaxed molecular clock approach and ancestral distributions obtained from dispersal-vicariance analyses. KEY RESULTS The genera Pachystachys, Schaueria, and Thyrsacanthus are nonmonophyletic. A dry forest lineage dispersed from North America to South America and reached the southwestern part of the continent between the end of the Miocene and beginning of the Pleistocene. This period coincides with the segregation between Amazonian and Atlantic moist forests that established the geographic structure currently found in the group. CONCLUSIONS The South American genera Pachystachys, Schaueria, and Thyrsacanthus need to be recircumscribed. The congruence among biogeographical events found for the Tetramerium lineage suggests that the dry forest centers currently dispersed throughout South America are relatively old remnants, probably isolated since the Neogene, much earlier than the Last Glacial Maximum postulated by the Pleistocene Arc hypothesis. In addition to exploring the Pleistocene Arc hypothesis, this research also informs evolution in a lineage with numerous geographically restricted and threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza A Côrtes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Rapini
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Thomas F Daniel
- Department of Botany, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Dr., Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118 USA
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91
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das Virgens TM, Rezende HR, de Souza Pinto I, Falqueto A. Sand fly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) from the Goytacazes National Forest and surrounding areas of southeastern Brazil. J Vector Ecol 2015; 40:28-35. [PMID: 26047181 DOI: 10.1111/jvec.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Most studies of the sand fly fauna in southeastern Brazil are conducted in the peridomiciliary environment of leishmaniasis endemic regions. Therefore, to increase the knowledge about diversity and richness of sand fly conservation areas, we describe here the sand fly fauna from the National Forest of Goytacazes (NFG), state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, and its surroundings areas. We also used sand fly fauna records from eight conservations units within the state of Espírito Santo to understand the similarity and relationships among them. The sand flies were simultaneously collected from June, 2008 to May, 2009 in two different environments: a preserved environment represented by the NFG and a modified environment represented by a peridomicile. To establish the similarity among the conservation units, we used a method very similar to parsimony analysis of endemism. We collected 2,466 sand fly specimens belonging to 13 species. Pressatia choti and Nyssomyia intermedia were the most abundant sand fly species. Ny. intermedia is a known vector of Leishmania braziliensis and epidemiological surveillance must be conducted in the area. We discuss aspects regarding the diversity of sand flies as well as the risk of transmission of Leishmania parasites in the area. We also provide for the first time a hypothesis of similarity relationships among conservation units within the state of Espírito Santo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thieres Marassati das Virgens
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, Campus Linhares, Av. Filogônio Peixoto S/N, Bairro Aviso, CEP 29901-291, Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Helder Ricas Rezende
- Núcleo de Entomologia e Malacologia do Espírito Santo, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, Rua Pedro Zangrande 381, Bairro Jardim Limoeiro, CEP 29164-020, Serra, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Israel de Souza Pinto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Aloísio Falqueto
- Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Maruípe, CEP 29043-900, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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92
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Staggemeier VG, Diniz-Filho JAF, Forest F, Lucas E. Phylogenetic analysis in Myrcia section Aulomyrcia and inferences on plant diversity in the Atlantic rainforest. Ann Bot 2015; 115:747-761. [PMID: 25757471 PMCID: PMC4373287 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Myrcia section Aulomyrcia includes ∼120 species that are endemic to the Neotropics and disjunctly distributed in the moist Amazon and Atlantic coastal forests of Brazil. This paper presents the first comprehensive phylogenetic study of this group and this phylogeny is used as a basis to evaluate recent classification systems and to test alternative hypotheses associated with the history of this clade. METHODS Fifty-three taxa were sampled out of the 120 species currently recognized, plus 40 outgroup taxa, for one nuclear marker (ribosomal internal transcribed spacer) and four plastid markers (psbA-trnH, trnL-trnF, trnQ-rpS16 and ndhF). The relationships were reconstructed based on Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses. Additionally, a likelihood approach, 'geographic state speciation and extinction', was used to estimate region- dependent rates of speciation, extinction and dispersal, comparing historically climatic stable areas (refugia) and unstable areas. KEY RESULTS Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences indicate that Myrcia and Marlierea are polyphyletic, and the internal groupings recovered are characterized by combinations of morphological characters. Phylogenetic relationships support a link between Amazonian and north-eastern species and between north-eastern and south-eastern species. Lower extinction rates within glacial refugia suggest that these areas were important in maintaining diversity in the Atlantic forest biodiversity hotspot. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a robust phylogenetic framework to address important ecological questions for Myrcia s.l. within an evolutionary context, and supports the need to unite taxonomically the two traditional genera Myrcia and Marlierea in an expanded Myrcia s.l. Furthermore, this study offers valuable insights into the diversification of plant species in the highly impacted Atlantic forest of South America; evidence is presented that the lowest extinction rates are found inside refugia and that range expansion from unstable areas contributes to the highest levels of plant diversity in the Bahian refugium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Graziele Staggemeier
- Departamento de Ecologia, Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica e Síntese, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK and Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK Departamento de Ecologia, Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica e Síntese, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK and Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
| | - José Alexandre Felizola Diniz-Filho
- Departamento de Ecologia, Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica e Síntese, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK and Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Félix Forest
- Departamento de Ecologia, Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica e Síntese, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK and Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Eve Lucas
- Departamento de Ecologia, Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica e Síntese, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK and Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK Departamento de Ecologia, Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica e Síntese, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK and Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
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Lugarini C, Martins TF, Ogrzewalska M, de Vasconcelos NCT, Ellis VA, de Oliveira JB, Pinter A, Labruna MB, Silva JCR. Rickettsial agents in avian ixodid ticks in northeast Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 6:364-75. [PMID: 25800099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Birds are important in the maintenance and spread of ticks and tick-borne diseases. In this context we screened birds in the Atlantic forest north of the São Francisco River and Caatinga in northeast Brazil. In the Atlantic forest Amblyomma longirostre, Amblyomma nodosum, Amblyomma varium and Amblyomma auricularium were identified. A. longirostre was infected by "Candidatus Rickettsia amblyommii" and A. nodosum by a Rickettsia parkeri-like agent. In Caatinga, Amblyomma parvum and A. auricularium were identified. A. auricularium was infected by "Ca. R. amblyommii" and Rickettsia bellii. "Canditatus Rickettsia andenae" was also identified in A. parvum collected from birds in Caatinga. In addition, Rickettsia sp. genotype AL was identified in A. varium collected on the clothes of the field team in one area of Atlantic forest. Here we provide a series of new host records for several Neotropical Amblyomma species and document rickettsial infections of "Ca. R. amblyomii" and a R. parkeri-like agent in Paraíba State, and R. bellii and "Ca. R. andenae" in Bahia State. For the first time we provide information regarding the infection of A. varium by "Ca. R. amblyommii".
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Affiliation(s)
- Camile Lugarini
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres, Estação Ecológica de Carijós, Rodovia Maurício Sirotski Sobrinho s/n, SC 402 - km 02, trevo Jurerê, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88053-700, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiro, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil; Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação - Tríade, Rua Silveira Lobo, 32, Caixa Postal 48, Casa Forte, Recife, PE 852061-030, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Fernandes Martins
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil
| | - Maria Ogrzewalska
- Laboratory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brazil
| | - Nathália Costa Teixeira de Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiro, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Vincenzo A Ellis
- University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 8001 Natural Bridge, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Jaqueline Bianque de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiro, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano Pinter
- Superintendência de Controle de Endemias (Sucen), Rua Cardeal Arcovere, 2878, São Paulo 05408-003, Brazil
| | - Marcelo B Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil
| | - Jean Carlos Ramos Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiro, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900, Brazil; Instituto Brasileiro para Medicina da Conservação - Tríade, Rua Silveira Lobo, 32, Caixa Postal 48, Casa Forte, Recife, PE 852061-030, Brazil
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Gregório BDS, Costa JAS, Rapini A. Three new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Bahia, Brazil. PhytoKeys 2015; 44:1-13. [PMID: 25698891 PMCID: PMC4329388 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.44.7993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The taxonomic treatment of Begoniaceae for the state of Bahia, Brazil, led to the recognition of three new species of Begonia with narrow distributions, which are described and illustrated here: Begoniadelicata Gregório & J.A.S. Costa, sp. nov. is a herb restricted to the region of the Recôncavo; Begoniaelianeae Gregório & J.A.S. Costa, sp. nov. is a shrub endemic to the Atlantic forest of the southern part of the state; and Begoniapaganuccii Gregório & J.A.S. Costa, sp. nov. is a subshrub known only from the type material, collected in the Piedmont of Paraguaçu. Notes on morphology, comparisons with morphologically similar species, etymology, geographic distribution, habitat and phenological data for each species are also presented. Furthermore, keys are provided as an aid to separating the new species from congeneric species that occur in their surroundings. Due to the sparse knowledge of the new species, there is as yet insufficient data to accurately assess their conservation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernarda de Souza Gregório
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jorge Antonio Silva Costa
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto Sosígenes Costa de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências (IHAC), Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB), BR 367, Km 10 da Rodovia Porto Seguro-Eunápolis - Centro de Convenções, 45.810-000, Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Rapini
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
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Merinero S, Rubio-Salcedo M, Aragón G, Martínez I. Environmental factors that drive the distribution and abundance of a threatened cyanolichen in Southern Europe: a multi-scale approach. Am J Bot 2014; 101:1876-1885. [PMID: 25366853 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY High-quality information about threatened species is required to prevent current global biodiversity losses. Lichens are important components of forest biodiversity and help to maintain ecosystem functioning. The epiphytic cyanolichen Lobarina scrobiculata is red-listed in Europe and North America, but knowledge of its ecology and distribution in Southern Europe is scarce. METHODS We used a multispatial scale design to investigate the effects of macroclimate, forest structure, tree features, and microhabitat on the occurrence, abundance, spatial distribution, and performance of Lobarina scrobiculata in the Iberian Peninsula at plot and tree scales. Generalized linear models and mixed models were used for analysis. KEY RESULTS We recorded ca 14000 individuals of the threatened species Lobarina scrobiculata from 22 populations in the Iberian Peninsula. Our results suggest that L. scrobiculata thrives mainly in oak forests with highly variable annual precipitation levels. At the plot scale, the L. scrobiculata abundance increased with annual precipitation and tree density (habitat quantity). At the tree scale, our models highlighted the importance of tree size and bark roughness (habitat quality) as the main drivers of species occurrence and abundance. We detected a marked spatial pattern on tree trunks, i.e., L. scrobiculata occurred preferentially on north-facing surfaces and close to the ground where humidity is higher. CONCLUSIONS By integrating multiscale modeling, we analyzed a unique large dataset and these results are essential for understanding the ecology of this threatened cyanolichen. There is an urgent need to preserve the forests that this species currently inhabits as well as potential colonization sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Merinero
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, C/ Tulipán s/n E-28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rubio-Salcedo
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, C/ Tulipán s/n E-28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Aragón
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, C/ Tulipán s/n E-28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez
- Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, C/ Tulipán s/n E-28933, Madrid, Spain
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de Medeiros MCMP, Lohmann LG. Two new species of Tynanthus Miers (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) from Brazil. PhytoKeys 2014; 42:77-85. [PMID: 25383013 PMCID: PMC4225076 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.42.8210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tynanthus is a genus of lianas that is broadly distributed through the Neotropics. Two new species of Tynanthus from Brazil are here described and illustrated: Tynanthusdensiflorus, from Amazonas, and Tynanthusespiritosantensis, from Espírito Santo. Tynanthusdensiflorus is recognized by the conspicuous interpetiolar glandular fields, a feature rarely found in Tynanthus, and the dense thyrses. Tynanthusespiritosantensis, on the other hand, is recognized by the bromeliad-like prophylls of the axillary buds and the lax thyrses. Information on the distribution, conservation status and morphologically similar species are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cláudia M. P. de Medeiros
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lúcia G. Lohmann
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Rua do Matão, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rodrigues PAP, Oliveira PS. Visual navigation in the Neotropical ant Odontomachus hastatus (Formicidae, Ponerinae), a predominantly nocturnal, canopy-dwelling predator of the Atlantic rainforest. Behav Processes 2014; 109 Pt A:48-57. [PMID: 24969268 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The arboreal ant Odontomachus hastatus nests among roots of epiphytic bromeliads in the sandy forest at Cardoso Island (Brazil). Crepuscular and nocturnal foragers travel up to 8m to search for arthropod prey in the canopy, where silhouettes of leaves and branches potentially provide directional information. We investigated the relevance of visual cues (canopy, horizon patterns) during navigation in O. hastatus. Laboratory experiments using a captive ant colony and a round foraging arena revealed that an artificial canopy pattern above the ants and horizon visual marks are effective orientation cues for homing O. hastatus. On the other hand, foragers that were only given a tridimensional landmark (cylinder) or chemical marks were unable to home correctly. Navigation by visual cues in O. hastatus is in accordance with other diurnal arboreal ants. Nocturnal luminosity (moon, stars) is apparently sufficient to produce contrasting silhouettes from the canopy and surrounding vegetation, thus providing orientation cues. Contrary to the plain floor of the round arena, chemical cues may be important for marking bifurcated arboreal routes. This experimental demonstration of the use of visual cues by a predominantly nocturnal arboreal ant provides important information for comparative studies on the evolution of spatial orientation behavior in ants. "This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neotropical Behaviour".
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A P Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, C.P. 6109, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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98
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Pereira CM, Moura MO, Da-Silva PR. Insect Seed Predators in Erythrina falcata (Fabaceae): Identification of Predatory Species and Ecological Consequences of Asynchronous Flowering. Neotrop Entomol 2014; 43:193-200. [PMID: 27193614 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-014-0213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed predation by insects exerts negative effects on plant reproduction by limiting the supply of seeds and preventing germination. Seed predators of the family Fabaceae are usually generalists, which increases the rate of predation. One strategy to minimize seed predation, developed by plants from temperate regions, is "escape in time," i.e., flowering before or after the peak of predation. For tropical species, few studies have investigated the strategies used by plants to minimize seed predation. Here, using Erythrina falcata, a tropical species of Fabaceae, we test three main hypotheses: (i) escape in time is a mechanism used by E. falcata to minimize seed predation, (ii) the predators of E. falcata seeds are generalists, and (iii) the biometric variables of the pods can influence seed predation. In order to test these hypotheses, we determined the flowering time of E. falcata, rate of seed predation, the predators insects, and biometric variables of the pods. The analyzed trees were grouped into three classes: "early," "peak," and "late" flowering. The average seed predation rates on trees in the early and late classes were 65% and 50%, respectively, and in the peak class, 80%; thus, our first hypothesis can be accepted. Three species of Lepidoptera and two of Coleoptera were found preying on E. falcata seeds. These species were observed to be generalist predators; thus, our second hypothesis can be accepted. The biometric variables of the pods cannot influence seed predation rate. The ecological consequences of asynchronous flowering on plants and insects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Pereira
- Depto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Estadual do Centro-Oeste, UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR, Brasil
| | - M O Moura
- Depto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Estadual do Centro-Oeste, UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR, Brasil
| | - P R Da-Silva
- Depto de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Estadual do Centro-Oeste, UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR, Brasil.
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99
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Pacchioni RG, Carvalho FM, Thompson CE, Faustino ALF, Nicolini F, Pereira TS, Silva RCB, Cantão ME, Gerber A, Vasconcelos ATR, Agnez-Lima LF. Taxonomic and functional profiles of soil samples from Atlantic forest and Caatinga biomes in northeastern Brazil. Microbiologyopen 2014; 3:299-315. [PMID: 24706600 PMCID: PMC4082704 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although microorganisms play crucial roles in ecosystems, metagenomic analyses of soil samples are quite scarce, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. In this work, the microbial diversity of soil samples from an Atlantic Forest and Caatinga was analyzed using a metagenomic approach. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in both samples. Among which, a significant proportion of stress-resistant bacteria associated to organic matter degradation was found. Sequences related to metabolism of amino acids, nitrogen, and DNA and stress resistance were more frequent in Caatinga soil, while the forest sample showed the highest occurrence of hits annotated in phosphorous metabolism, defense mechanisms, and aromatic compound degradation subsystems. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that our samples are close to the desert metagenomes in relation to taxonomy, but are more similar to rhizosphere microbiota in relation to the functional profiles. The data indicate that soil characteristics affect the taxonomic and functional distribution; these characteristics include low nutrient content, high drainage (both are sandy soils), vegetation, and exposure to stress. In both samples, a rapid turnover of organic matter with low greenhouse gas emission was suggested by the functional profiles obtained, reinforcing the importance of preserving natural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralfo G Pacchioni
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, UFRN, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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100
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Léger T, Landry B, Nuss M, Mally R. Systematics of the Neotropical genus Catharylla Zeller (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l., Crambinae). Zookeys 2014:15-73. [PMID: 24526844 PMCID: PMC3921562 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.375.6222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neotropical genus Catharylla Zeller, 1863 (type species: Crambus tenellus Zeller, 1839) is redescribed. Catharylla contiguella Zeller, 1872, C. interrupta Zeller, 1866 and Myelois sericina Zeller, 1881, included by Munroe (1995) in Catharylla, are moved to Argyria Hübner. Catharylla paulella Schaus, 1922 and C. tenellus (Zeller, 1839) are redescribed. Six new species are described by Léger and Landry: C. bijuga, C. chelicerata, C. coronata, C. gigantea, C. mayrabonillae and C. serrabonita. The phylogenetic relationships were investigated using morphological as well as molecular data (COI, wingless, EF-1α genes). The median and subterminal transverse lines of the forewing as well as the short anterior and posterior apophyses of the female genitalia are characteristic of the genus. The monophyly of Catharylla was recovered in all phylogenetic analyses of the molecular and the combined datasets, with three morphological apomorphies highlighted. Phylogenetic analyses of the morphology of the two sexes recovered three separate species groups within Catharylla: the chelicerata, the mayrabonillae, and the tenellus species groups. The possible position of Micrelephas Schaus, 1922 as sister to Catharylla, based on both morphological and molecular data, and the status of tribe Argyriini are discussed. The biogeographical data indicate that the chelicerata species group is restricted to the Guyanas and the Amazonian regions whereas the tenellus group is restricted to the Atlantic Forest in the South-Eastern part of Brazil. The mayrabonillae group is widespread from Costa Rica to South Bolivia with an allopatric distribution of the two species. COI barcode sequences indicate relatively strong divergence within C. bijuga, C. mayrabonillae, C. serrabonita and C. tenellus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Léger
- Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève, Route de Malagnou, 1, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Landry
- Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève, Route de Malagnou, 1, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Nuss
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Museum of Zoology, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Mally
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Museum of Zoology, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany
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