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Jolly NA, Theodoropoulos N. Health shocks and spousal labor supply: an international perspective. J Popul Econ 2022; 36:973-1004. [PMID: 36569469 PMCID: PMC9763794 DOI: 10.1007/s00148-022-00929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper uses data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe to analyze the effect of spousal health shocks on own labor supply decisions. The results suggest minimal changes to the probability of work and the intensity of work for both husbands and wives of disabled spouses. Wives do, however, experience an increase in the probability of retirement after their husbands experience a work-limiting health shock. The results suggest that this increased probability is due to the desire to consume joint leisure. Finally, the analysis finds substantial cross-regional heterogeneity in the effects that spousal health shocks have on the various labor market outcomes examined here, which suggests an important role for country-specific factors in the estimates provided in the earlier literature. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00148-022-00929-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Jolly
- Department of Economics, College of Business Administration, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI 53201-1881 USA
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52
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Islam MM. Child marriage, marital disruption, and marriage thereafter: evidence from a national survey. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:485. [PMID: 36460994 PMCID: PMC9716153 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the relationship between women's ages at their first marriages and the marital disruption among those who experienced child marriages and those who did not as well as identifies some compromises that women make in their remarriages after previous marital disruptions. METHODS The data of 57,476 women from the 2019 Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey were analysed using multivariable logistic and linear regressions. Women's compromises in their remarriages were examined by determining the age differences with their current husbands, whether the current husband has another wife and their attitudes toward the justification of intimate partner violence by husbands. RESULTS Almost 65% of women experienced child marriage, and its prevalence is higher in rural (66.5%) than in urban areas (59.2%). The probability of marital disruptions decreases as the ages at the first marriages rise among women who experienced child marriages and increase among women who did not. Women living in rural areas are less likely than those living in urban areas to report marital dissolution (AOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73-0.90). Also, women who completed relatively more years of education or have greater wealth are less likely to report marital disruptions and those who never gave birth are more likely to report these (AOR 3.54, 95% CI 3.14-3.99). Women who remarried after previous disruptions are more likely to report that their new husbands are, on average, almost 12 years older than they are, and have another wife. Also, those who experienced marital disruptions are more likely than others to believe that husbands are justified in beating their wives in certain circumstances. CONCLUSION The odd of marital disruption decreases with the ages at first marriage among women who experienced child marriage and increase among women who did not. There is a curvilinear relationship between women's ages at their first marriages and the probability of marital disruptions. Making compromises in remarriages after disruptions is common. Because marital disruption is increasing, appropriate policies are needed to address the adverse outcomes of divorces that ensue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mofizul Islam
- grid.1018.80000 0001 2342 0938Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Room 410; Health Sciences Building 2, Melbourne, VIC 3086 Australia
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Abstract
Family formation patterns among US young adults are shifting, reflecting an accelerating retreat from marriage coupled with significant increases in cohabitation and nonmarital childbearing. Drawing on a selection of published longitudinal studies, this article reviews key contributions to the literature on these trends in union and family formation that have stemmed from research conducted using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, or Add Health. Add Health is integral to deciphering the adolescent precursors to young adult union formation and childbearing, allowing researchers to gauge the roles of multiple social contexts such as family, schools, peers, and adolescent romance, with attention to variation across racial-ethnic groups and by socioeconomic status. In turn, researchers use Add Health to assess how young adult family formation behaviors are related to numerous indicators of health and well-being, ranging from mental and physical health to relationship quality and stability, interpersonal violence, and crime. With its sibling and couples samples, genetic data, and detailed partnership histories for both different- and same-sex relationships, Add Health is an invaluable data source for tracking the familial experiences (formation and dissolution) of a large cohort from adolescence into middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Brown
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH.
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54
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Uchikoshi F. Explaining Declining Educational Homogamy: The Role of Institutional Changes in Higher Education in Japan. Demography 2022; 59:2161-2186. [PMID: 36218323 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-10271332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Research on educational assortative mating has devoted much attention to educational expansion but has been less focused on a concurrent trend of importance: growing differentiation among higher education institutions. In this study, I examine whether the bifurcation between high- and low-tier institutions in the context of high participation in tertiary education may clarify the mixed evidence on educational homogamy trends across countries. I apply log-linear and log-multiplicative models to analyze trends in educational assortative mating in Japan, which is characterized by a clear, widely acknowledged hierarchy of institutional selectivity. I find that the odds of homogamy are higher among graduates of selective universities than among graduates of nonselective universities. Further, assortative mating trends among graduates of selective and nonselective universities have diverged in recent years. This latter finding perhaps reflects that with the more rapid increase in the share of female students enrolled in less selective institutions, their opportunities to "marry up" have decreased. Results point to the importance of the growing heterogeneity of institutional characteristics, which was obscured in earlier studies, for understanding the impact of educational assortative mating on economic inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Uchikoshi
- Department of Sociology and Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Giuntella O, Rotunno L, Stella L. Globalization, Fertility, and Marital Behavior in a Lowest-Low Fertility Setting. Demography 2022; 59:2135-2159. [PMID: 36226908 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-10275366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Declines in marriage and fertility rates in many developed countries have fostered research debate and increasing policy attention. Using longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we analyze the effects of exposure to globalization on fertility and marital behavior in Germany, which was a lowest-low fertility setting until recently. We find that exposure to greater import competition from Eastern Europe led to worse labor market outcomes and lower fertility rates. In contrast, workers in industries that benefited from increased exports had better employment prospects and higher fertility. These effects are driven by low-educated individuals, married men, and full-time workers and reflect changes in the likelihood of having any child (the extensive margin). We find evidence of some fertility postponement and significant effects on completed fertility, but we see little evidence of a significant impact on marital behavior. Our results inform the public debate on fertility rates in settings with lowest-low fertility, such as Germany, during the period under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osea Giuntella
- Department of Economics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; IZA, Bonn, Germany; National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Rotunno
- Department of Economics, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, AMSE, Marseille, France
| | - Luca Stella
- Department of Economics, John F. Kennedy Institute for North American Studies, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; CESifo, Munich, Germany; IZA, Bonn, Germany
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Abstract
This paper advances the understanding of how marital transitions may influence mental health by investigating these associations among a population of rural, Black South Africans aged 40+ that was directly impacted by apartheid. Using two waves of data from 4,176 men and women in Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI), we investigated associations between marital experiences and depressive symptoms, by gender, and explored whether economic resources is a moderator of these associations. We found that experiencing a marital dissolution was associated with more depressive symptoms than remaining married for both men and women. We also found that men, but not women, report greater depressive symptoms if they remained separated/divorced, remained widowed, or remained never married between waves. We found no evidence that a decline in wealth moderated the impact of marital dissolution on depressive symptoms for women or men. These findings suggest that the documented benefits of marriage for mental health, and differences by gender in those benefits, may extend to older, rural South Africans, despite the unique experiences of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse A. Jennings
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Chido Chinogurei
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leslie Adams
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Anderson S, Bidner C. Integrating economic and evolutionary approaches to polygynous marriage. Evol Hum Sci 2022; 4:e52. [PMID: 37588891 PMCID: PMC10426005 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2022.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We outline the potential for integrating economic and evolutionary approaches to marriage and the family. Our broad argument is that the approaches share a concern for competition. Evolutionary scholars are concerned with the fitness consequences of competition and economists are centrally concerned with the nature of competition: how the allocation of scarce resources is mediated by potentially complex forms of social interaction and conflicts of interest. We illustrate our argument by focusing on conceptual and empirical approaches to a topic of interest to economists and evolutionary scholars: polygynous marriage. In comparing conceptual approaches, we distinguish between those that emphasise the physical environment and those that emphasise the social environment. We discuss some advantages of analysing marriage through the lens of competitive markets, and outline some of the ways that economists analyse the emergence of rules governing the family. In discussing empirical approaches to polygynous marriage, we describe how a concern for informing contemporary policy leads economists to focus on the consequences of polygyny, and in particular we describe some of the ways in which economists attempt to distinguish causal effects from selection effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwan Anderson
- Vancouver School of Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Chris Bidner
- Department of Economics, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
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58
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Utomo A, Ananta A, Setyonaluri D, Aryaputra C. A second demographic transition in Indonesia? China Popul Dev Stud 2022;:1-28. [PMID: 36313816 DOI: 10.1007/s42379-022-00115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As a predominantly Muslim and ethnically diverse new democracy in Asia, Indonesia is a timely case to study how the contending forces of development and social change are reflected in changing norms and practices around family formation. This paper examines the extent to which the second demographic transition (SDT) theory can provide a primary framework to understand contemporary patterns of fertility, marriage and family change in Indonesia. Against the backdrop of socio-political change following Reformasi in 1998, we found emerging demographic features typically associated with societies in later stages of fertility transition. These include fertility below replacement in some regions; increasing age at first marriage, non-marriage, and divorce rates; and growing diversity in household/family forms. As the vast regions of Indonesia is economically, culturally, and demographically heterogeneous, these key features of SDT are not likely to emerge and unfold in a uniform manner. Further, these demographic shifts are taking place amidst multiple tensions and contradictions in the nature and direction of ideational change pertaining to marriage and the family. We argue that the prevailing ideational change driving the shifts in marriage, fertility, and the family within Indonesia is neither unilinear nor singular in nature. Emerging ideational change embodying individualism, secularism, and post-materialism—originally proposed in SDT theory to be the primary drivers of fertility decline in post-industrial Western Europe—can overlap with popular values promoting de-secularization and the strengthening of familial institutions. As a demographic framework, the SDT theory is an important and useful starting point. But it needs to be reevaluated by considering the complex socio-political and increasingly precarious economic terrains behind fertility transition, as well as marriage and family change in post-Reformasi Indonesia.
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Datta BK, Haider MR. Child marriage and health disparities in adulthood: the differential risk of untreated hypertension among young adult women in India. Clin Hypertens 2022; 28:30. [PMID: 36242063 PMCID: PMC9569113 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-022-00213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, which is the leading cause of premature mortality worldwide. While untreated hypertension heightens the risk of mortality and morbidity among hypertensive individuals, access to hypertension care in low-and-middle income countries has ties with various socioeconomic inequalities. Child brides represent a marginalized group of population who experience various socioeconomic disadvantages. This study investigates whether there exists any disparity in receiving treatment for hypertension between child brides at young adult age and their same-age peers who were married as adults. METHODS We obtained data on 22,140 currently married hypertensive women aged 20 to 34 years from the 2015-16 wave of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) of India. We estimated multilevel univariate and multivariable logistic regressions to obtain the odds in favor of not receiving treatment for hypertension. We compared the odds for child brides with those of their peers who were married as adults. RESULTS Among the study participants, 72.6% did not receive any treatment for hypertension. While the share was 70.6% among women who were married as adults, it was 4.3 percentage points higher (P < 0.001) among the child brides. Results from the multilevel logistic regressions reveal that adjusted odds of having untreated hypertension for child brides were 1.12 times (95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.25) that of those who were married as adults. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that hypertensive women who were married as children are at greater risk of not receiving hypertension care at young adult age. Therefore, young women who got married in their childhood should be targeted for regular screening and proper referral and treatment to avoid further detrimental effects of elevated blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Kumar Datta
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Mohammad Rifat Haider
- Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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60
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies documented the existence of a 'cohabitation-marriage gap' in resource pooling among opposite-sex partners, with cohabiters being more likely to separate income and wealth than married individuals. Surprisingly, despite many non-marital cohabitations transform into marriages, we know little about income and wealth pooling of 'spousal cohabiters', i.e. spouses who transition to marriage after experiencing a period of non-marital cohabitation. The comparison between 'spousal cohabiters' and directly married spouses is particularly interesting because it offers a litmus test of theories of marriage in relation to how and why economic resources are differently distributed within married vs. cohabiting couples. This paper compares directly married couples and 'spousal cohabiters' in Italy, focusing on one aspect of resource pooling: the marital property regime, i.e. the choice made at the time of marriage between joint or separate ownership of wealth accumulated during marriage. Competing hypotheses are developed on the basis of the arguments that marriage yields legal protection, that selection mechanisms drive both the choice of community vs. separation of property and direct marriage vs. premarital cohabitation, and that, by inertia, 'spousal cohabiters' continue to separate resources upon transition to marriage. Results based on the 2016 Italian 'Family and social subjects' survey show that 'spousal cohabiters' are significantly more likely to choose separation of property compared to directly married spouses. Such differences, however, are drastically reduced once relevant confounders are controlled for, hence suggesting that existing differences between directly married and previously cohabiting couples and, more generally, differences between married and cohabiting couples are driven, above all, by selection mechanisms. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10680-022-09627-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Vitali
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Romina Fraboni
- Istat‐Italian National Institute of Statistics, Rome, Italy
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Borau S, Couprie H, Hopfensitz A. The prosociality of married people: Evidence from a large multinational sample. J Econ Psychol 2022; 92:102545. [PMID: 35757085 PMCID: PMC9212567 DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2022.102545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Single people are more likely to die from COVID-19. Here we study whether this higher death rate could be partly explained by differences in compliance with protective health measures against COVID-19 between single and married people, and the drivers of this marital compliance gap. Data collected from 46,450 respondents in 67 countries reveal that married people are more likely to comply with protective measures than single people. This marital gap in compliance is higher for men (approximately 5%) than for women (approximately 2%). These results are robust across a large range of countries and independent of country level differences with respect to culture, values or infection rates. Prosocial characteristics linked to morality and social belonging explain more than 38% of the marital gap, while individual risk perceptions play a minor role. These findings help explain single people's and particularly single men's greater vulnerability to COVID-19, which in turn can be leveraged to improve the effectiveness of international public policy campaigns aimed at promoting protective health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Borau
- Toulouse Business School, 20 Bd Lascrosses, 31068 Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Couprie
- LEST-CNRS Aix-Marseille University, 35 Av. Jules Ferry, 13626 Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Astrid Hopfensitz
- EMLyon business school and GATE, 23 Av. Guy de Collongue, 69130 Écully, France
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Manning WD, Westrick-Payne KK, Gates GJ. Cohabitation and Marriage Among Same-Sex Couples in the 2019 ACS and CPS: A Research Note. Demography 2022; 59:1595-1605. [PMID: 36121115 PMCID: PMC10521899 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-10181474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the 2015 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that marriages of same-sex couples are legal in all states in the union, federal surveys have adapted to the shifting legal climate and included new measures that more directly identify same-sex and different-sex cohabiting and married couples. In this research note comparing the largest and most recent federal surveys-the 2019 American Community Survey and Current Population Survey-we find consistent levels of cohabitation and marriage across surveys. While the vast majority (90%) of different-sex couples were married, we report a more even split in cohabitation and marriage among same-sex couples. Our evaluation of sociodemographic characteristics of married and cohabiting couples indicates that differences were less prominent among same-sex couples than among different-sex couples, suggesting weaker sociodemographic selection into marriage among the former. However, factors affecting same-sex and different-sex couples' decisions to live together and marry may differ because of legal and social climates that still present unique obstacles for same-sex couples. Researchers need to acknowledge these differences in assessments of the implications of marriage for health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy D Manning
- Department of Sociology and Center for Family and Demographic Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Krista K Westrick-Payne
- Department of Sociology and National Center for Family and Marriage Research, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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63
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Klingelhöffer C, Obst A, Meier JK, Reichert TE, Ettl T, Mueller S. Socioeconomic influence on treatment and outcome of patients with oral cancer in Germany. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 26:365-371. [PMID: 34436719 PMCID: PMC9385794 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-021-00997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To illustrate the influence of different socioeconomic factors on the treatment and outcome of patients in Germany with oral cancer. METHODS In this retrospective single-center study, 400 patients of our department of oral and maxillofacial surgery with primary cases of oral cancer were included. Preoperative diagnostics, occupational groups, and marital and health insurance status were evaluated. Overall and disease-specific survival were analyzed. Occupations were distinguished in 5 groups (unemployed, physically light workers, physically hard worker, university graduate, and freelancer). Data were adjusted to covariables like tumor size, positive lymph nodes, age, alcohol, or tobacco abuse. RESULTS There was no differences between private and statutory insured patients concerning overall (p = 0.858) or disease-specific survival (p = 0.431). Private insured patients received more preoperative PET-CT (p = 0.046) and had a better dental status (p = 0.006). The occupational groups showed also no differences in survival (p = 0.963). The hospitalization of freelancers was in average 2 days shorter. Physically hard workers were diagnosed with bigger tumors (p = 0.018) and consumed more tobacco and alcohol. The 5-year survival rate of married patients was approximately 20% points better than not married patients, without showing a significant difference over the entire observation time (p = 0.084). CONCLUSION In our cohort, socioeconomic factors have just a limited influence on the survival or treatment of patients with oral cancer. A sufficient statutory health insurance system is a reasonable explanation for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Klingelhöffer
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Annegret Obst
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes K Meier
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Torsten E Reichert
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Mueller
- Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Lee SA, Seo JY, Choi EJ; Korean QoL in Epilepsy Study Group. Dual burdens of felt stigma and depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy: Their association with social anxiety, marriage, and employment. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 134:108782. [PMID: 35914436 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study evaluated whether patients with epilepsy with dual conditions of felt stigma and depressive symptoms are more strongly associated with social anxiety, being unmarried, and being unemployed than those with depressive symptoms or felt stigma alone. METHODS This multicenter, cross-sectional study evaluated subjects using the Stigma Scale-Revised, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the six-item versions of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, and the companion Social Phobia Scale. Subjects were grouped by depressive symptoms and felt stigma into four groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The 298 subjects included 173 men and 125 women. Of these subjects, 35 (11.7%) had depressive symptoms alone, 33 (11.1%) had stigma alone, and 27 (9.1%) had both depressive symptoms and felt stigma. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that, compared with the control group having neither depressive symptoms nor felt stigma, the odds ratios (ORs) for social interaction anxiety and social phobia were highest in the group of dual conditions (OR 18.7 and 13.5, respectively), followed by the depression-alone (OR 7.7 and 4.6, respectively) and stigma-alone (OR 5.0 and 2.8, respectively) groups. Similarly, the ORs for being unmarried (OR 29.2) and unemployed (OR 3.1) were significant only in the group of dual conditions. In addition, male sex and younger age were independently associated with being unmarried whereas seizures recurring ≥1 per month were independently associated with being unemployed. CONCLUSIONS Dual conditions of felt stigma and depressive symptoms may be more strongly associated with social anxiety, being unmarried, and being unemployed than depressive symptoms or felt stigma alone in patients with epilepsy.
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French JE, McNulty JK, Makhanova A, Maner JK, Eckel LA, Nikonova L, Meltzer AL. An Empirical Investigation of the Roles of Biological, Relational, Cognitive, and Emotional Factors in Explaining Sex Differences in Dyadic Sexual Desire. Biol Psychol 2022; 174:108421. [PMID: 36031012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One challenge many marital couples face is that they experience discrepant levels of sexual desire for one another. Such discrepancies are particularly likely to arise in mixed-sex relationships because, at least in long-term relationships, men tend to have higher levels of sexual desire for their partner than do women. But what underlies this sex difference? We used a dyadic study of 100 mixed-sex community-based newlywed spouses to investigate the role of biological, relational, cognitive, and emotional factors in explaining sex differences in dyadic sexual desire for a long-term partner. Consistent with predictions, wives on average reported lower daily sexual desire for their spouse than did husbands. Moreover, individual differences in men's and women's levels of circulating testosterone explained this sex difference whereas relational (marital satisfaction, commitment), cognitive (sex-role identification, stress, self-esteem), and emotional (mood, depressive symptoms) factors did not. These findings advance our knowledge of factors that influence dyadic sexual desire and may have practical implications for treating relationship distress in mixed-sex marriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana E French
- Oklahoma Center for Evolutionary Analysis, Oklahoma State University, 116 Psychology Building, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
| | - James K McNulty
- Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | | | - Jon K Maner
- Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Lisa A Eckel
- Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Larissa Nikonova
- Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Andrea L Meltzer
- Florida State University, 1107 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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66
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Han SW. Is It Only a Numbers Game? A Macro-Level Study of Educational Hypogamy. Demography 2022; 59:1571-1593. [PMID: 35866450 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-10126742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In many countries, the tendency for highly educated women to marry down in education has markedly increased. Research has pointed to an oversupply of highly educated women-that is, a marriage squeeze affecting women-as the core reason for this phenomenon. This study aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the causes of this marriage trend by analyzing over-time data drawn from IPUMS International census microdata samples for 34 countries. Several key findings are notable. First, the degree of educational hypogamy is associated with the magnitude of the deficit in college-educated men in the marriage market, which is consistent with the marriage squeeze hypothesis. Second, the degree of educational hypogamy is related to the economic empowerment of college-educated women, even after accounting for the mating squeeze effect. Third, counterfactual simulations show that while the mating squeeze is the major driver of educational hypogamy in the majority of the sample countries, the economic empowerment of college-educated women plays an equally important role in several countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinn Won Han
- Department of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Alfaar A, Saad A, Chlad P, Elsherif OE, Elshami M, Busch C, Rehak M. Uveal melanoma and marital status: a relationship that affects survival. Int Ophthalmol 2022. [PMID: 35821361 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Marital status influences the presentation and outcome of various cancers. We explored the relationship between marital status and survival of uveal melanoma (UM) and factors influencing this relationship. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients diagnosed with UM and registered in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results program between 1973 and 2017. Cox regression model was conducted to calculate the hazard ratio of overall and cancer-specific survival rate and delineate the effect of each confounder. Results The study involved 10,557 patients with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.1. Most of the diagnosed patients were aged between 40 and 79 years (81%). Married patients (62%) represented the majority, followed by singles (12%), widowed (11%), and then divorced patients (7%). Single patients were the youngest group (mean age of 59.3 years) while widowed patients were the oldest (mean age of 75.8 years). In the Cox regression model for overall survival, married and single patients exhibited the best overall survival (no significant difference in between them), both surpassing divorced and widowed patients. Married patients were at a significantly lower risk to die from UM than divorced patients. Female patients and younger age groups showed the best overall and cancer-specific survival. Conclusion Maintained marriages improved the survival of UM patients. Widowed and divorced patients should be included in specially designed support programs during their cancer management. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10792-022-02406-2.
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Singh J, Jaswal S. Marriage practices, decision-making process and contraception use among young married men in rural Odisha, India. Cult Health Sex 2022; 24:1000-1015. [PMID: 33825613 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2021.1907446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research on sexual and reproductive health including contraception use has predominantly focussed on women's behaviour. Much less is known about men's behaviour. We investigated the links between marriage practices and decision-making about contraception use among young married men in rural Odisha. This cross-sectional study used a mixed methods design. Data were collected through household surveys and in-depth interviews. Study findings revealed that over half of men were ill prepared for marriage and lacked understanding about what it would entail. Familiarity and communication between spouses were higher in self-arranged marriages and this contributed considerably to contraception use, while negative attitudes and lack of access to contraceptive supply and counselling hindered it. Many young men shied away from seeking contraception services at community level since the majority of frontline health workers providing such services were female. Findings reinforce the need for health system change to actively engage and involve young married men in decision-making about contraception use as well as to introduce male frontline health workers who can reach out to young men on SRH issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakant Singh
- School of Health Systems Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Surinder Jaswal
- School of Social Work, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Kim HS, Oh CY, Ahn KH. A Survey on Public Perceptions of Low Fertility: A Social Research Panel Study. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e203. [PMID: 35762146 PMCID: PMC9239839 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was reported that South Korea showed the greatest decline in the fertility rate among the entire OECD countries over the last 30 years with the total fertility rate (TFR) of 0.84 persons in 2020. Despite the efforts of the Korean government, the TFR has decreased constantly. This study intended to analyze the perception of Koreans toward pregnancy and childbirth regarding the low fertility rate in South Korea for understanding the causes of constantly decreased low fertility. METHODS This study carried out an online survey based on 1,002 men and women aged 19 to 59 years old for six days from October 21 to October 26 in 2021 in cooperation with Gallup Korea. This study analyzed the perception of people toward low fertility, the severity of low fertility, and level of interest in low fertility to inspect awareness of the severity of low fertility in South Korea through a survey. RESULTS It was found that 62%, 52%, and 72% of entire participants, women, and men agreed on a question "It is better to get married". As for women's age, a positive response for this question was derived from 34.2% (20s), 43.1% (30s), 53.4% (40s), and 71.4% (50s), respectively (P < 0.001). In a question "the necessity of children", a positive response for this question was derived from 34.7% (20s), 58.3% (30s), 75.9% (40s), and 83.5% (50s) of female respondents, respectively (P < 0.001). Positive responses were shown 39.2%, 60.0%, 79.7%, and 81.5% of female participants in their 20s, 30s, 40s, and 50s agreed on the question "My children make me happy in my life", respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study found that a decrease in the TFR was affected mainly by the negative perception of women in their 20s and 30s toward marriage, childbirth, and the necessity of children. Therefore, further research should be conducted to develop policies that focus on these significant variables to overcome the worsening low fertility problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sun Kim
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | | | - Ki Hoon Ahn
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Wilson SJ, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. The Story of Us: Older and Younger Couples' Language Use and Emotional Responses to Jointly Told Relationship Narratives. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2022; 77:2192-2201. [PMID: 35738871 PMCID: PMC9799216 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social-emotional well-being is said to improve over adulthood, and studies of couples' age differences have focused primarily on marital conflict. The way couples discuss their relationship story predicts marital quality among newlyweds and long-married couples alike, yet older and younger couples' accounts have never been compared. The current study examined age differences in couples' use of I/we-talk, emotion words, and immediacy (i.e., an urgent and unresolved style) during a relationship history discussion and their subsequent mood reactivity and appraisals. METHOD Married couples (N = 186 individuals within 93 couples, aged 22-77) recounted the story of their relationship then rated the discussion and their negative mood. Mediation models assessed the 3 linguistic features as parallel dyadic mediators linking couple age to negative mood responses and appraisals, controlling for global marital satisfaction, and baseline negative mood. Secondary analyses examined partners' concordance in language use. RESULTS Compared with younger couples, older couples used more positive than negative words and less immediacy which, in turn, was associated with husbands' and wives' less negative mood and more positive appraisals, only among husbands. Partners in older couples used more similar I/we-talk and emotional language, but these were unrelated to mood or appraisals. DISCUSSION This study extends our understanding of how marital interactions differ by age in the understudied context of relationship history discussions, which may grow increasingly important for couples' well-being with older age. Findings broadly align with social-emotional aging theories and uncover novel linguistic features relevant to the age-related emotional benefits of joint reminiscing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Wilson
- Address correspondence to: Stephanie J. Wilson, PhD, Psychology, Southern Methodist University, 6116 N. Central Expressway, Dallas, TX 75206, USA. E-mail:
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, OSUMC, Columbus, OH, USA
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Yoshida K, Matsui Y. A Pilot Study for the Development and Evaluation of an Educational Program to Reduce Stigma Toward Cancer and Cancer Survivors: Focusing on Dating and Marriage After Cancer Diagnosis. J Cancer Educ 2022; 37:806-811. [PMID: 32980978 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The marriage rate of cancer survivors is lower than that of the general population and their siblings. This appears to be attributable to negative images and stigma in society regarding cancer and cancer survivors. In order to improve images and decrease stigma regarding cancer and cancer survivors, this study aimed to develop an educational program that primarily focuses on dating and marriage after cancer diagnosis. The education program was conducted for university students, and among 67 participants who attended the education program, 61 participants completed a self-report questionnaire both before and after the program. The questionnaire included measures to assess reluctance to date or marry a cancer survivor, attitudes toward marriage and having children, and level of empathy. Scores on most items assessing reluctance decreased after the program; however, only three items showed a significant decrease: reluctance to date a cancer survivor if cancer recurred or metastasized, and reluctance if one's family objects to dating a cancer survivor. Both before and after the program, disease severity was the main cause for reluctance to date. In addition, empathetic concern was associated with reduced reluctance to date or marry a cancer survivor, while conservative attitudes toward marriage were associated with greater reluctance which was a result of familial concerns regarding such relationships. Some of the reluctance could be attributable to sociocultural values in Asia, where the choice of romantic partner is likely to be subject to familial influence.
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72
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Asadi-Pooya AA. Consanguinity and neuropsychiatric disorders. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 72:103112. [PMID: 35421624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Asadi-Pooya
- Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Ermer AE, Proulx CM. The association between relationship strain and emotional well-being among older adult couples: the moderating role of social connectedness. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:1198-1206. [PMID: 33870774 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2021.1910786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study examines the moderating role of social connectedness (i.e. closeness, talk frequency, social network size, and neighborhood social ties) in the association between one's own and spouse's relationship strain and emotional well-being (i.e. depressive symptoms, happiness, and loneliness). METHOD Married couples (N = 865) were drawn from the second wave of the National Social, Health, and Aging Project. One Actor Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) and one Actor Partner Interdependence Model with Moderation (APIMoM) were conducted. RESULTS In terms of actor effects, relationship strain was associated with all emotional well-being outcomes. Wives' and husbands' greater relationship strain was associated with spouses' loneliness. Only wives' greater relationship strain was associated with her husbands' higher level of depressive symptoms and no partner effects were found for happiness. In six instances, social connectedness factors helped to ameliorate the association between self/spouse relationship strain, depressive symptoms, and happiness. However, wives' greater neighborhood social ties amplified the association between wives greater relationship strain and husbands' greater depressive symptoms. We did not find that social connectedness factors moderated the associations between self/spouse relationship strain and loneliness. CONCLUSION Even in late life marriages, marital strain is associated with less happiness and greater depressive symptoms and loneliness. Practitioners addressing emotional well-being may need to pay attention to spousal perceptions of relationship strain and social relationships external to the marital relationship when working with heterosexual couples. Efforts throughout the life course should be made to ensure connections with diverse types of social networks.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2021.1910786.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Ermer
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University, Montclair, USA
| | - Christine M Proulx
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
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Wiik KA. First union formation among the children of immigrants: A population-wide study in Norway. Adv Life Course Res 2022; 52:100480. [PMID: 36652323 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2022.100480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Using Norwegian register data on the total population of individuals who were native-born or who immigrated prior to age 18, this study investigated differences in first union formation across migrant generations, global regions of origin, and gender. Cohabitation was the preferred route into partnerships for all groups, but it was most common among those with either one or two native-born parents. Results provided evidence of a generational gradient in marriage, whereby the native-born children of two immigrants and those immigrating in ages below 13 were less likely to marry than immigrants arriving as teens. Those native born with one native and one immigrant parent were least likely to marry, but most likely to cohabit. The children of immigrants originating from Asia, MENA and Eastern Europe were more marriage prone, whereas those of South-American and European origins were more cohabitation prone, than those originating from elsewhere. Women of most origins and generations more often married compared with men, and this gender gap was largest among those originating from MENA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Aarskaug Wiik
- Statistics Norway, Research Department, PO Box 2633 St. Hanshaugen, 0131 Oslo, Norway.
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Grossbard S, Mangiavacchi L, Nilsson W, Piccoli L. Spouses' earnings association and inequality: A non-linear perspective. J Econ Inequal 2022; 20:611-638. [PMID: 35437430 PMCID: PMC9008623 DOI: 10.1007/s10888-022-09539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We analyze the association between spouses' earnings taking account of non-linearities along both spouses' distribution of earnings. We also document the non-linearity of the relationships between earnings and labor force participation, earnings and couple formation, and earnings and number of children. Using simulations, we then analyze how changes in spouses' rank-dependence structure, labor force participation and couple formation contribute to the upsurge in inequality in the U.S between 1967 and 2018. We find that an increased tendency towards positive sorting contributed substantially to the rise in inequality only among dual-earner couples, while it contributed little to overall inequality across households. Temporal and distributional heterogeneity are important, as earnings association had a more substantial role in the bottom of the earnings distribution and in recent years. The decline in couple formation contributed substantially to the rise in inequality, while the increase in female labor force participation and the fertility decline had equalizing effects. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10888-022-09539-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Grossbard
- San Diego State University, HCEO and IZA, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4485 USA
| | | | - William Nilsson
- University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Luca Piccoli
- University of Trento and IZA, Via Verdi 26, 38122 Trento, Italy
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van den Broek B, Rijnen S, Stiekema A, van Heugten C, Bus B. Factors related to the quality and stability of partner relationships after traumatic brain injury: A systematic literature review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2022; 103:2219-2231.e9. [PMID: 35395254 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The latest literature review on partner relationships following traumatic brain injury (TBI), conducted a decade ago, discussed solely quantitative work and noted significant knowledge gaps. The current review updates and expands on this work by providing an overview of the current state of knowledge on factors related to relationship quality and stability following TBI. DATA SOURCES CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, APA PsycINFO, and PubMed were searched on April 23, 2020, for literature on factors associated with 1)relationship quality and 2)relationship stability following TBI. STUDY SELECTION English quantitative and qualitative studies investigating factors associated with relationship quality and/or stability following TBI were included. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility. If consensus was not reached, a third reviewer's conclusion was decisive. Forty-three studies were included. DATA EXTRACTION Information regarding study objectives and characteristics, participant demographics, (in)dependent variables, and main findings was extracted. Study quality was rated using the JBI Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies and/or the CASP Checklist for Qualitative Research. Both were performed by the lead reviewer and checked by the second reviewer. DATA SYNTHESIS Thirty-eight factors related to relationship quality and/or stability were identified, covering injury characteristics (e.g., severity), body functions (e.g., personality changes), activities (e.g., communication), participation (e.g., social dependence), environment (e.g., children), and personal factors (e.g., coping strategies). CONCLUSIONS Relationship quality and stability following TBI are found to be related to a multitude of factors, including newly identified factors such as personality changes and dependence. Future research may wish to quantitatively investigate factors thus far only identified in qualitative research, explore possible positive effects of TBI on relationships, study the experiences of same-sex couples, and include the perspectives of both partners with and without the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda van den Broek
- Multidisciplinary Specialist Centre for Brain Injury and Neuropsychiatry, GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Limburg Brain Injury Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Sophie Rijnen
- Multidisciplinary Specialist Centre for Brain Injury and Neuropsychiatry, GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, the Netherlands; Limburg Brain Injury Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Stiekema
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Limburg Brain Injury Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline van Heugten
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Limburg Brain Injury Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn Bus
- Multidisciplinary Specialist Centre for Brain Injury and Neuropsychiatry, GGZ Oost Brabant, Boekel, the Netherlands; Limburg Brain Injury Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Andreev EM, Churilova E, Jasilioniene A. Partnership Context of First Births in Russia: The Enduring Significance of Marriage. Eur J Popul 2022; 38:37-58. [PMID: 35370528 PMCID: PMC8924331 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-021-09600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While cohabitation and non-marital childbearing have been increasing in Russia since 1990, the share of marital first births that are conceived prior to marriage has changed very little since the Soviet era. The prior findings on the stability of trends in premarital conceptions in Russia have been contradictory and inconclusive. This study aims to extend the existing empirical evidence on premarital conceptions in Russia and to contribute to the discussion on the persistence of marriage as the preferred partnership context for parenthood. We focus on births that occurred within the first two years of marriage, and compare the childbearing patterns of Russian women who married in different historical periods. For our investigation of fertility among marital cohorts who married during the Soviet era (1960–1991), we use individual-level data from the 1994 microcensus. For our examination of fertility among more recent marital cohorts (2000, 2011, and 2016), we draw on data from birth records in civil registers. We also use relevant complementary data sources. Our findings show that there has been a marked shift in the relationship between conception and marriage in Russia. Increasingly, conceptions have been occurring before marriage, and in the most recent marital cohorts, the level of premarital first conceptions has even surpassed the level of marital first conceptions. The average interval between conception and entry into marriage has also been lengthening. We describe this unique pattern of childbearing and discuss some potential explanations for the ongoing association between marriage and childbearing in Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny M. Andreev
- International Laboratory for Population and Health, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Churilova
- International Laboratory for Population and Health, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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Niimi Y. Are Married Women Really Wealthier Than Unmarried Women? Evidence From Japan. Demography 2022; 59:461-483. [PMID: 35138375 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-9735271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using microdata from the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers, this article examines the relationship between marriage and wealth among women. By exploiting unique data on personal wealth, it also assesses whether the wealth effect of marriage differs depending on whether wealth is measured as household or personal wealth, an issue that very few studies have examined. When wealth is measured as equivalized household net worth, on the assumption that married couples share household resources equally, marriage is found to contribute to women's wealth holdings but only to their nonfinancial net worth; however, the results show signs that marriage also contributes to women's total net worth as marriage durations increase. By contrast, when wealth is measured as personal net worth based on the actual ownership of assets, marriage is found to be negatively and significantly associated with women's wealth holdings. These findings underscore the fact that Japanese women are potentially in a financially vulnerable position even after marriage, which is at least partly driven by married women's career disruptions arising from their family responsibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Niimi
- Faculty of Policy Studies, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.,Asian Growth Research Institute, Kitakyushu, Japan
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79
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August KJ, Novak JR, Peak T, Gast J, Miyairi M. Examining foodwork and eating behaviors among heterosexual and gay male couples. Appetite 2022; 172:105953. [PMID: 35121054 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spouses play an important role in their partner's eating behaviors, including both promoting and impeding healthy eating. The division of foodwork in the relationship (i.e., if there is individual or shared responsibility for food roles) may vary as a function of gender or sexual orientation and may be important in understanding eating behaviors. METHOD Using cross-sectional, dyadic data from 462 heterosexual and gay married couples (N = 921 individuals) residing in the United States, we accordingly sought to examine which partner was most responsible for two food roles, food shopping and meal preparation (Aim 1); whether these roles differed by gender (Aim 1a) and sexual orientation (Aim 1b); whether these food roles were related to the frequency of eating healthy and unhealthy foods (Aim 2); and whether these associations differed by gender (Aim 2a) and sexual orientation (Aim 2b). RESULTS We found that one individual was responsible for these roles in a majority of couples, although meal preparation was more likely to be shared in gay than in heterosexual couples. We also found that, in general, the person responsible for these food roles ate healthy more frequently compared to when their partner was responsible; findings for shared responsibility were more equivocal. These associations did not differ, however as a function of gender or sexual orientation. CONCLUSION Our findings contribute to a further understanding of food dynamics among heterosexual and gay male couples and have important implications for health promotion and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J August
- Department of Psychology and Health Sciences Center, Rutgers University, Camden, 311 N. Fifth Street, Camden, NJ, 08102, USA.
| | - Josh R Novak
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, 312 Quad Drive, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Terry Peak
- Department of Social Work, Utah State University, Old Main 239, 0730 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 85322, USA.
| | - Julie Gast
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, 7000 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
| | - Maya Miyairi
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, 989 S. Main Street, Brigham City, UT, 84302, USA.
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Shrout MR, Madison AA, Renna ME, Alfano CM, Povoski SP, Lipari AM, Agnese DM, Carson WE, Malarkey WB, Bailey MT, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. The gut connection: Intestinal permeability as a pathway from breast cancer survivors' relationship satisfaction to inflammation across treatment. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 100:145-154. [PMID: 34808291 PMCID: PMC8769505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer survivors are prone to weakened gut barriers, allowing bacteria to migrate into the blood stream. Gut permeability fuels inflammation, which, among survivors, can elevate risk for comorbid disease development, cancer recurrence, and a poor quality of life; however, survivors' satisfying relationships can provide health benefits. This longitudinal study used a conceptual model addressing how intimate relationships is associated with health through changes in gut permeability and inflammation. METHOD Breast cancer survivors (n = 139, stages 0-IIIC) completed a baseline visit before treatment and two follow-up visits 6 and 18 months after treatment ended. Women who had an abnormal breast cancer test followed by a benign diagnosis completed visits within a comparable timeframe (noncancer patient controls; n = 69). All women completed questionnaires assessing their relationship satisfaction and provided blood samples to assess two bacterial endotoxin biomarkers, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and soluble CD14 (sCD14), as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). RESULTS Within-person multilevel mediation analyses showed that when a survivor's relationship satisfaction was higher than usual, her own LBP and LBP/sCD14 were lower, which was associated with lower than her own average CRP and IL-6 (95% CIs [-0.0104, -0.0002]). IL-6 was also higher when older survivors, but not younger survivors, experienced higher than usual intestinal permeability (p = .001). These effects of satisfying relationships held after accounting for cancer-related and behavioral factors. Post-hoc analyses showed LBP, sCD14, and LBP/sCD14 were associated with CRP for the cancer survivors, but only LBP and LBP/sCD14 were linked to CRP among the noncancer control patients. CONCLUSION The gut environment is a new promising candidate for understanding a relationship's long-term health impact, particularly among those with elevated health risks. Survivors may reap multiple physiological benefits from satisfying relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosie Shrout
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Annelise A Madison
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Megan E Renna
- School of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | | | - Stephen P Povoski
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Adele M Lipari
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Doreen M Agnese
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William E Carson
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William B Malarkey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael T Bailey
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Oral and Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Affinity Group, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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81
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Du X, Zhan W, Li X, Yin S, Chen Q, Huang J, Chen Y, Liu J. Marital status and survival in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients: a multinomial propensity scores matched study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:3005-3011. [PMID: 35034189 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the correlation between the marital status and prognosis of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). STUDY DESIGN MPSM was adopted to minimize the maximum standardized average difference of the covariates among the four groups with different marital status. SETTING Multinomial propensity scores matching (MPSM) based on data from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. METHODS The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to compare the survival outcomes of these groups with different marital status. RESULTS Totally, 16,981 LSCC patients (median [IQR] age 62 [55-69] years; 829 [76.41%] males) from 2004 to 2016 were included in this study. Among them, 9112 (53.66%) were married, 2708 (15.95%) divorced or separated, 1709 (10.06%) widowed, and 3452 (20.33%) single. After MPSM, the weights make the characteristics of four groups with different marital status sufficient balance. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test showed widowed patients may lead to the highest mortality rate while married patients have a higher survival rate than the other three groups. Single and divorced or separated patients had no significant difference in the survival rate. In addition, multivariate analysis by controlling for confounding factors showed that in male, well-differentiated, and early stage patients, compared with married, unmarried was an independent risk factor for CSS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Marital status showed a significant association with the survival status of LSCC patients. Importantly, the outcome of married patients was better, while widowed patients tended to have worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushuai Du
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyuan Road No. 1, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Zhan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyuan Road No. 1, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Yin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyuan Road No. 1, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingquan Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyuan Road No. 1, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialing Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyuan Road No. 1, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyuan Road No. 1, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyuan Road No. 1, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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82
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Maulinda F, Handayani D, Wongkaren TS. The effect of age at first marriage on the incidence of labor complications and babies with low birth weight in Indonesia. Child Health Nurs Res 2022; 27:127-136. [PMID: 35004503 PMCID: PMC8650910 DOI: 10.4094/chnr.2021.27.2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the effect of a woman's age at first marriage (AFM) on the incidence of labor complications and babies with low birth weight (LBW). Methods This study used data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) on women aged 15-49 years who gave birth to their first child within the previous 5 years. Data analysis was conducted using binary logistic regression for labor complications and the binomial probit method for the incidence of LBW. Results The analysis showed that AFM affected the likelihood of childbirth complications and LBW babies. An increase in AFM tended to reduce the risk of childbirth complications, although poor economic conditions increased the risk of complications in mothers with a higher AFM. In addition, a low or high AFM increased the chances of delivering a baby with LBW. Conclusion A low AFM was associated with an increased likelihood of women experiencing birth complications when delivering their first child and delivering babies with LBW, underscoring the importance of delaying childbirth until a more mature age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dwini Handayani
- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Turro S Wongkaren
- Director, Lembaga Demografi, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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83
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Ghosh-Cannell C, Fisher P, Ajayi J, Gracey F. The experiences of wives following acquired brain injury (ABI). A qualitative analysis exploring realisations of change following the ABI of a "loved one.". Neuropsychol Rehabil 2022; 33:356-377. [PMID: 34978522 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2021.2017982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The experiences of family members following Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) are well established, with spouses in particular facing multiple relational and personal changes. Qualitative studies have analysed accounts pertaining to a range of sequelae, however, "change" itself has yet to be addressed. This study explored the experiences of realisation of change for married women living with their husbands following ABI. Nine participants took part in semi-structured interviews focussing on becoming aware of changes in both their spouse and themselves post-injury. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was completed, arriving at two overarching themes; "bravery to face changes" and "lost and trapped in an unsolvable maze," with accompanying subthemes. Participants generally experienced realisation of change gradually, in some cases finding strategies to control their exposure to distress. They often referred to "acceptance," which held varied meanings, and metaphors appeared to aid personal meaning making. Relationship changes generated both dilemmas and the feeling of being trapped. Overall, this study contributes greater insights into the experiential mechanisms underpinning realisation of change in spouses after brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Fisher
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Julia Ajayi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Fergus Gracey
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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84
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Waite LJ, Duvoisin R, Kotwal AA. Social Health in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:S251-S265. [PMID: 34918156 PMCID: PMC8678439 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this article, we present the theoretical framework that guided the development of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) including the measures of social health. We discuss the literature that links social measures to other outcomes, and we discuss in detail how researchers might construct common measures of social health, including those that reflect social relationships, sexuality, social networks, social resources, and social participation. METHODS The NSHAP includes multiple detailed measures of social health, collected in the rounds of data collection carried out in 2005, 2010, and 2015, allowing for study of changes over time and as people age among a nationally representative sample of the community-dwelling population of older adults in the United States. RESULTS We define indicators of social health, describe measures of each in the 2015 round of NSHAP, and show the distribution of the measures by gender and age. We present scales of dimensions of social health that have been developed elsewhere and describe their properties. DISCUSSION We briefly discuss the distribution of these measures by age and gender in the 2015 round of NSHAP. Simple analyses of these categorized measures reveal differences by age and gender that deserve closer attention in future investigations using the NSHAP data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Waite
- Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ashwin A Kotwal
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA
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85
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Wong JS, Hsieh N. Couple Analysis in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:S276-S286. [PMID: 34918155 PMCID: PMC8678438 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Marital and intimate partner relationships are some of the most important social ties that shape older adults' health and well-being. This paper provides analytic guidelines for the couple data in Round 2 (2010-2011) and Round 3 (2015-2016) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) to encourage more research on marriage and partnership in late life. METHOD First, we describe the recruitment of couples and outline how to identify partners in the data sets. Second, we provide descriptive information about the couple sample. Third, we offer guidance for analyzing the dyadic data cross-sectionally and longitudinally. RESULTS Round 2 interviewed all primary respondents and a sample of their current cohabiting partners and spouses (n = 955 couples). In Round 3, NSHAP reinterviewed the primary respondents and partners who participated in Round 2 (Cohort 1; n = 621 couples) and recruited a new sample of age-eligible adults along with any cohabiting romantic partners (Cohort 2; n = 766 couples). Couples can be identified using a household ID variable in Round 2 and a partner ID variable in Round 3. Demographic characteristics of the couple sample vary by round and cohort. DISCUSSION Researchers can use data from either round to conduct cross-sectional dyadic analyses to examine issues faced by older couples. A common strategy for couple analysis is the actor-partner interdependence model. With 2 rounds of couple-level data, researchers may consider using cross-lagged models in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn S Wong
- Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Ning Hsieh
- Department of Sociology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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86
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Kelly S, Kellman T. "Don't you care about the well-being of your race?": African American couples discuss racial differences involving criticisms of other Black people. Fam Process 2021; 60:1264-1279. [PMID: 34227682 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
African American couples have unique racial stress and high relationship instability, although few studies have examined the role of racial stressors in their relationships. This qualitative study used grounded theory to examine 10 African American couples' disagreements about criticisms of other Black people. Each couple completed a standard couple problem-solving task modified to focus solely on racial differences between the partners. Two models of couple relationships framed the approach; the general vulnerability-stress-adaptation model (Karney & Bradbury, Psychol. Bull., 118, 1995, 3) was combined with a comprehensive race-focused model (Bryant et al., J. Fam. Theory Rev., 2, 2010, 157). The goal was to understand racial stress faced by African Americans, including its context, how and why it is stressful, how they cope, and its consequences in their relationship. A tentative model emerged, suggesting that some African Americans have early race-related experiences that make them vulnerable to concerns about how Black people are seen by others. This may result in a unique minority status stressor that appears indicative of internalized stereotypes and may often include gendered criticisms of their partners. Partners seem to adapt by looking to other African Americans to take personal responsibility for their behavior and defending their racial group. Black male-female gender role issues appear to emerge as a consequence of racial stress that also seems salient across all aspects of the model. Future studies can further examine culturally specific models involving African Americans' criticisms of other Black people and identify successful couple-level strategies to overcome internalized oppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalonda Kelly
- Rutgers University-New Brunswick, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Tara Kellman
- Rutgers University-New Brunswick, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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87
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Zahra F, Austrian K, Gundi M, Psaki S, Ngo T. Drivers of Marriage and Health Outcomes Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women: Evidence From Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. J Adolesc Health 2021; 69:S31-S38. [PMID: 34809897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have examined the relationship between age at marriage and health outcomes, but few have explored how marriage drivers are associated with health outcomes. In this study, we examine the relationship between two marriage drivers, premarital pregnancy and agency, and several health outcomes (use of maternal health care services, child health outcomes, and change in depressive symptoms) among married adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. METHODS We use three panel data sets collected by the Population Council: the Adolescent Girls Empowerment Program from Zambia (N = 660), the Malawi Schooling and Adolescent Study from Malawi (N = 1,041), and Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults from India (N = 894 in Bihar, N = 599 in Uttar Pradesh). Our analytical models use logistic and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS We find mixed evidence of the association between marriage drivers and health outcomes. Results show that having agency in marital partner choice in India is associated with both an increase and decrease in reported depressive symptoms. In addition, pregnancy before marriage is associated with fewer antenatal visits and hospital-based births in Malawi than pregnancy after marriage. However, we find no evidence that it is associated with worse child health outcomes than pregnancy after marriage in Malawi and Zambia. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study suggests that the relationship between marriage drivers and AGYW's health outcomes after marriage is not consistent across contexts. We highlight the importance of interpreting marriage drivers within prevailing norms to understand their impact on married AGYW's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra
- GIRL Center, Population Council, Washington, DC.
| | | | - Mukta Gundi
- Poverty, Gender, and Youth, Population Council, Delhi, India
| | - Stephanie Psaki
- GIRL Center, Population Council, Washington, DC; Social and Behavioral Science Research, Population Council, New York, NY
| | - Thoai Ngo
- Poverty, Gender, and Youth, Population Council, Delhi, India
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88
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Kuo PX, Johnson VJ. Whose parenting stress is more vulnerable to marital dissatisfaction? A within-couple approach examining gender, cognitive reappraisal, and parental identity. Fam Process 2021; 60:1470-1487. [PMID: 33704779 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Conflict and tension in the couple relationship transfers to the parent-child relationship, amplifying the stress parents experience while parenting young children. Pinpointing moderating and individual-level factors that exist in this spillover process may identify both couple and individual areas where spillover might be mitigated. This study used a within-couple approach to test for gender differences in marital-to-parenting spillover and to examine the moderating roles of gender, parental identity, and the emotion regulation strategy cognitive reappraisal in the linkages between marital-parenting spillover. From a larger study of parenting experiences, 96 mother-father couples of young children (mean age = 3.22 years) reported on measures of marital satisfaction, cognitive reappraisal, parenting identity, and parenting stress. Using path model comparisons, we found more similarities than differences between mothers and fathers and, contrary to the hypothesis, that mothers experienced greater spillover between marital satisfaction and parental distress than fathers. Results differed between outcome measures, suggesting that parents experience more spillover from marital satisfaction to parenting in the context of parental distress than in dysfunctional interactions with their child. Importantly, we found that higher parental identity strengthened marital-to-parenting spillover for mothers in contrast to expectations based on theoretical assumptions, whereas cognitive reappraisal weakened marital-to-parenting spillover, supporting the broader emotion regulation literature. These results signify the importance of situating the marriage to parenting transfer in the context of affective experiences and intensified parenting expectations, wherein flexibility in role identity may help alleviate parenting stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patty X Kuo
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Victoria J Johnson
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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89
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Ehlert A. The effects of health shocks on family status: do financial incentives encourage marriage? Eur J Health Econ 2021; 22:1393-1409. [PMID: 34080076 PMCID: PMC8558273 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-021-01319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper asks whether marriage decisions of unmarried mature couples are driven by the prospect of financial advantages for the later widowed after one partner has suffered a serious health shock. We hypothesize that, in contrast to traditional marriage models, such health shocks may induce unmarried couples to obtain economic benefits, such as survivors' pensions in particular, through marriage in advance of one partner's death. This question has not yet been studied empirically. Hazard models capturing unobserved effects are applied to longitudinal data of the German Socioeconomic Panel. It turns out that the probability of marriage after male partners' health shocks can increase significantly depending on the amount of expected survivors' pensions for the (likely) surviving female partners. In contrast, an increased probability of marriage after health shocks to women (depending on the expected financial benefits to men) was not found. These findings are supported by various robustness checks. Economic and political implications are discussed and the results are placed in an international context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andree Ehlert
- Harz University of Applied Sciences, Friedrichstr. 57-59, 38855, Wernigerode, Germany.
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90
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Abstract
Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this study analyzes the effect of exposure to the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) in childhood on marriage and childbearing in early adulthood. Results suggest that EITC exposure in childhood leads women to delay marriage and first births in early adulthood (ages 16-25), but has no effect on men. A $1,000 increase in EITC exposure in childhood leads to a 2%-3% decline in a woman's likelihood of having a first birth and a comparable decline in her likelihood of marrying by her early 20s. We find similar reductions in fertility among Black and White women, though marriage declines are concentrated among White women. Results are focused on children growing up in the bottom half of the income distribution and those who spent the majority of childhood residing with a single parent-two groups that are the primary beneficiaries of the EITC. These findings have important implications for the well-being of individuals exposed to the EITC in childhood, as well as their future children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Michelmore
- Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Leonard M Lopoo
- Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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91
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Edens C. The Impact of Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases on Sexual Health, Family Planning, and Pregnancy. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2021; 48:113-140. [PMID: 34798942 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of reproductive health subtopics, including sexual intercourse, romantic relationships, contraception, sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy, and infertility, as they pertain to patients with pediatric rheumatic diseases and those who care for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuoghi Edens
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, C104-A, MC5044, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, C104-A, MC5044, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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92
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Andersen SS. The legacy of marriage: Using food to challenge traditional gender norms in widowhood. J Aging Stud 2021; 59:100966. [PMID: 34794711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2021.100966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies on aging tend to apply a traditional approach to gender roles. This is especially evident in studies of widowhood, as responses to this life transition tend to be shaped by gender. Studies on food and widowhood in old age suggest that men and women differ when it comes to food related life after the loss of a spouse. As the traditionalist story goes, men face practical challenges because they lack cooking skills whereas women face emotional challenges because they are no longer the food provider. However, this research often overlooks that married couples may have had non-traditional ways of dividing domestic household tasks, and that this division of labor is likely to have affected the way in which widows and widowers experience and handle food related challenges. Applying a life course perspective to 31 qualitative interviews, I show that the way older men and women adjust to food activities in widowhood is shaped by the way these activities were shared in their marriage rather than by gender per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidse Schoubye Andersen
- Department of Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 25, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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93
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Koops JC, Liefbroer AC, Gauthier AH. Socio-Economic Differences in the Prevalence of Single Motherhood in North America and Europe. Eur J Popul 2021; 37:825-49. [PMID: 34785999 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-021-09591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The study focuses on understanding the association between parental socio-economic status (SES) and the likelihood of women experiencing a first birth while single, and identifying societal factors that influence this association in 18 North American and European societies. Previous research has shown that single motherhood occurs disproportionately among those from with lower a lower parental SES. The study assesses whether this is caused by parental SES differences in the risk of single women experiencing a first conception leading to a live birth or by parental SES differences in how likely women are to enter a union during pregnancy. Additionally, an assessment is made of whether cross-national differences in these associations can be explained by a country’s access to family planning, norms regarding family formation, and economic inequality. Across countries, a negative gradient of parental SES was found on the likelihood of single women to experience a first pregnancy. The negative gradient was stronger in countries with better access to family planning. In some countries, the negative gradient of parental SES was aggravated during pregnancy because women from lower parental SES were less likely to enter a union. This was mostly found in societies with less conservative norms regarding marriage. The results suggest that certain developments in Western societies may increase socio-economic differentials in family demography.
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94
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Marini CM, Wilson SJ, Nah S, Martire LM, Sliwinski MJ. Rumination and Sleep Quality Among Older Adults: Examining the Role of Social Support. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:1948-1959. [PMID: 33378473 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the adverse link between rumination and sleep quality is well established, much of the literature neglects the role of social factors. This study examined the role of older adults' perceived social support from spouses and from family/friends in modifying the association between trait rumination and sleep quality. Existing hypotheses suggest that social support may play 3 unique roles, each tested within the current study: (H1) support may act as a protective factor that buffers negative effects of rumination on sleep quality, (H2) support may curtail rumination and, in turn, promote sleep quality, and (H3) rumination may erode support and, in turn, undermine sleep quality. METHOD Data came from 86 partnered older adults in independent-living or retirement communities (Mage = 75.70 years). We utilized 3 waves of interview data collected annually between 2017 and 2019. The first hypothesis was tested using moderation in multilevel models; the second 2 hypotheses were evaluated with prospective associations using multilevel mediation. RESULTS Negative effects of high-trait rumination on time-varying sleep quality were attenuated among those who reported high, stable levels of support from their spouses. Perceived family/friend support did not yield the same protective effect. There was no evidence that support preempted, or was eroded by, rumination. DISCUSSION Perceived spousal support may act as a psychosocial resource that mitigates negative effects of trait rumination on older adults' sleep quality. Interventions aimed at mitigating maladaptive outcomes of rumination on sleep quality for older adults should consider spousal support as a key target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Marini
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
| | - Stephanie J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Suyoung Nah
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lynn M Martire
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martin J Sliwinski
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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95
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Abstract
This study focused on individuals' re-partnering behavior following a divorce and asked whether divorcees influence each other's new union formation. By exploiting the System of Social statistical Datasets (SSD) of Statistics Netherlands, I identified divorced dyads and examined interdependencies in their re-partnering behavior. Discrete-time event history models accounting for shared characteristics of divorcees that are likely to influence their divorce and re-partnering behavior simultaneously were estimated. Findings showed that the probability of re-partnering increased within the first two years following a former spouse's new union formation. Further analyses focusing on formerly cohabiting couples rather than divorcees also revealed significant associations in re-partnering behavior. Following a former romantic partner's new union formation, women were exposed to risk longer than men, due to men's quicker re-partnering. These results were robust to the falsification tests. Overall, findings indicate that the consequences of a divorce or breakup are not limited to the incidence itself and former romantic partners remain important in each other's life courses even after a breakup. With the increasing number of divorcees and changing family structures, it is important to consider former spouses as active network partners that may influence individual life courses. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10680-021-09589-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Buyukkececi
- University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany
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96
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Song H. The unequal consequences of family structures for infant health. Soc Sci Res 2021; 100:102604. [PMID: 34627556 PMCID: PMC9812279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid changes in American families have reshaped inequalities in child well-being. This paper examines the unequal consequences of family structures for infant health, focusing on birthweight. Existing studies mainly address the average association between marriage (versus singlehood) and birthweight. I extend the literature by 1) explicitly considering cohabitation and 2) exploring the heterogeneous associations based on mother's likelihood of union formation at conception. Pooling nationally representative data from the National Survey of Family Growth 2011-17, I analyze a sample of recent births (N = 4,376) born to mothers aged between 20 and 49 years. Propensity score methods are used to address selections. Results show that 1) compared to single mothers, married mothers reap birthweight benefits, while cohabiting mothers do not; 2) married mothers with a higher likelihood to marry at conception (i.e., more advantaged) reap even larger birthweight benefits than their low-likelihood counterparts (i.e., less advantaged). Overall, the findings reveal important and nuanced roles of family structure in the reproduction of intergenerational inequality through infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Song
- Department of Sociology, Brown University, 108 George Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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97
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McConnon A, Midgette AJ, Conry-Murray C. Mother Like Mothers and Work Like Fathers: U.S. Heterosexual College Students' Assumptions About Who Should Meet Childcare and Housework Demands. Sex Roles 2021; 86:49-66. [PMID: 34725534 PMCID: PMC8551347 DOI: 10.1007/s11199-021-01252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many U.S. women report balancing competing demands for labor within the family and the workplace. Prior research has found that young adult heterosexual U.S. women are still anticipating doing the majority of their future family's childcare and housework, though they hold more progressive gender role attitudes than in the past. The aim of the present study was to investigate the assumptions of 176 heterosexual college students in the U.S. (M age = 20.57, 88.64% European American, 51.70% ciswomen, 48.30% cismen) about how childcare and housework should be balanced in the context of work responsibilities. Participants were asked to rate their level of agreement with two items about working mothers and childcare and working fathers and household care, and provided open-ended responses to explain their justifications for their rating. Open-ended responses were thematically coded. Results revealed that most participants wanted mothers to have the choice to work but considered childcare a limiting problem that (primarily) mothers should solve. Similarly, participants believed that working full-time did not excuse a husband from helping with chores, however they did not express concerns with the term "helping" which implies that the husband would not hold any primary responsibility. Overall, the findings suggest the importance for educational and policymaking interventions and future research to highlight practices that support and encourage the role of men in addressing childcare and household needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie McConnon
- Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Allegra J Midgette
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA.,University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Clare Conry-Murray
- Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA USA
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98
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Potarca G. Online Dating Is Shifting Educational Inequalities in Marriage Formation in Germany. Demography 2021; 58:1977-2007. [PMID: 34410350 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-9420350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Digital technologies govern a large part of our social lives, including the pursuit of a romantic partner. Despite recent inquiries into the social consequences of meeting online, what remains unclear is how the link between education and union formation varies in online versus offline meeting contexts, particularly on the backdrop of growing educational gaps in marriage. Using 2008-2019 pairfam data from Germany (N = 3,561), this study ran a series of Fine-Gray competing risks models to assess how online dating shapes the transition to marriage for partnered adults with nontertiary and tertiary education. Results reveal that irrespective of education, men in online-formed couples had greater chances of marrying than men in couples established offline. Highly educated women who met their partner in nondigital ways were less prone to marry than lower-educated women; for women in couples initiated online, however, the pattern was reversed. The internet dating marriage advantage of well-educated women was partly related to better matching on marriage attitudes and gender ideology. Facing a scarcity of eligible partners offline, high-educated women draw on more abundant online options to select more egalitarian-minded men. This study overall suggests that internet dating fosters an uneven distribution of opportunities for marriage, highlighting the role of digital partner markets in the social demography of union formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Potarca
- NCCR LIVES/ Institute of Demography and Socioeconomics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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99
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Shrout MR. The health consequences of stress in couples: A review and new integrated Dyadic Biobehavioral Stress Model. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 16:100328. [PMID: 34589814 PMCID: PMC8474672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite marriage's health benefits, all couples experience stress that can increase morbidity and mortality risks. Marital stress can alter endocrine, cardiovascular, and immune function-key pathways from troubled relationships to poor health. This review discusses how partners "get under each other's skin" to influence psychological, behavioral, and biological health. Then, I offer a comprehensive Dyadic Biobehavioral Stress Model to build on this foundational work and inspire transdisciplinary research integrating psychoneuroimmunological and relational lenses. This conceptual and empirically driven model provides promising new directions to investigate mechanisms linking individuals' relationships behaviors to their own and their partners' health, with particular emphasis on biological pathways. These mechanisms may impact each partner's physical health outcomes, such as disease development, illness severity, and accelerated biological aging. Risk and protective factors across developmental stages and diverse contexts are also discussed to help explain how, and under what conditions, partners influence each other's health. Research applying this model can push the boundaries of our current understanding on dyadic stress its far-reaching health effects on self-report and biological markers across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rosie Shrout
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Thapa P, Thapa P, Shrestha DB, Budhathoki P, Karki B, Mahat B. Teenage pregnancy and the sociodemographic attributes as a major contributor: Findings from an urban referral center in Nepal. World J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 10:16-25. [DOI: 10.5317/wjog.v10.i2.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teenage pregnancy is a challenging issue worldwide. Yet, despite the increased health risk and socioeconomic impact of teenage pregnancy, the numbers remain high in Nepal.
AIM To determine the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Nepal.
METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital from April to August 2017. A total of 1359 mothers were assessed and interviewed regarding their reproductive history and sociodemographic attributes. Ethical approval from the Nepal Health Research Council, permission from the concerned hospital, and consent from study subjects were obtained.
RESULTS Of the 5526 deliveries, 679 (12.3%) were teenage pregnancy deliveries. The majority (85.1%) of mothers (out of 1359) were married at < 20 years of age, with a mean age of marriage of 17.57 years (± 1.994, range: 12-25 years). Marriage age was a significant determinant of teenage pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] 2.423 [2.262-2.596]; P < 0.001). Likewise, a love marriage (OR: 2.018 [1.585-2.570]; P < 0.001) and first teenage pregnancy (OR: 3.622 [3.265-4.017]; P < 0.001) were significant determinants for subsequent teen pregnancies. Knowledge of family planning methods (OR: 0.474; 0.288-0.779; P = 0.003) and use of any methods of family planning utilization (OR: 0.345; 0.248-0.479; P = 0.000) significantly lowered the chance of teenage pregnancy.
CONCLUSION Teenage pregnancy occupies a substantial proportion of total deliveries in the Nepalese maternity hospital. In addition, early pregnancy was significantly associated with age and type of marriage, education level, knowledge, and practice of contraceptive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Thapa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences (NAIHS), Shree Birendra Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Pukar Thapa
- Hepatology Unit (Internal Medicine), National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS), Bir Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Dhan Bahadur Shrestha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Pravash Budhathoki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bronxcare Health System, Bronx, NY 10457, United States
| | - Binod Karki
- Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS), Bir Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
| | - Bimita Mahat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
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