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Reda SM, Gollapudi SK, Chandra M. L71F mutation in rat cardiac troponin T augments crossbridge recruitment and detachment dynamics against α- myosin heavy chain, but not against β-myosin heavy chain. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2016; 37:215-23. [PMID: 27975185 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-016-9460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The N-terminal extension of human cardiac troponin T (TnT), which modulates myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, contains several hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-causing mutations including S69F. However, the functional consequence of S69F mutation is unknown. The human analog of S69F in rat TnT is L71F (TnTL71F). Because the functional consequences due to structural changes in the N-terminal extension are influenced by the type of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform, we hypothesized that the TnTL71F-mediated effect would be differently modulated by α- and β-MHC isoforms. TnTL71F and wild-type rat TnT were reconstituted into de-membranated muscle fibers from normal (α-MHC) and propylthiouracil-treated rat hearts (β-MHC) to measure steady-state and dynamic contractile parameters. The magnitude of the TnTL71F-mediated attenuation of Ca2+-activated maximal tension was greater in α- than in β-MHC fibers. For example, TnTL71F attenuated maximal tension by 31% in α-MHC fibers but only by 10% in β-MHC fibers. Furthermore, TnTL71F reduced myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity by 0.11 pCa units in α-MHC fibers but only by 0.05 pCa units in β-MHC fibers. TnTL71F augmented rate constants of crossbridge recruitment and crossbridge detachment dynamics in α-MHC fibers but not in β-MHC fibers. Collectively, our data demonstrate that TnTL71F induces greater contractile deficits against α-MHC than against β-MHC background.
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Gallini R, Lindblom P, Bondjers C, Betsholtz C, Andrae J. PDGF-A and PDGF-B induces cardiac fibrosis in transgenic mice. Exp Cell Res 2016; 349:282-90. [PMID: 27816607 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs) contribute to normal heart development. Deficient or abnormal expression of Pdgf and Pdgfr genes have a negative impact on cardiac development and function. The cellular effects of PDGFs in the hearts of Pdgf/Pdgfr mutants and the pathogenesis of the resulting abnormalities are poorly understood, but different PDGF isoforms induce varying effects. Here, we generated three new transgenic mouse types which complete a set of studies, where all different PDGF ligands have been expressed under the same heart specific alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. Transgenic expression of the natural isoforms of Pdgfa and Pdgfb resulted in isoform specific fibrotic reactions and cardiac hypertrophy. Pdgfa overexpression resulted in a severe fibrotic reaction with up to 8-fold increase in cardiac size, leading to lethal cardiac failure within a few weeks after birth. In contrast, Pdgfb overexpression led to focal fibrosis and moderate cardiac hypertrophy. As PDGF-A and PDGF-B have different affinity for the two PDGF receptors, we analyzed the expression of the receptors and the histology of the fibrotic hearts. Our data suggest that the stronger fibrotic effect generated by Pdgfa overexpression was mediated by Pdgfrα in cardiac interstitial mesenchymal cells, i.e. the likely source of extracellular matrix depostion and fibrotic reaction. The apparent sensitivity of the heart to ectopic PDGFRα agonists supports a role for endogenous PDGFRα agonists in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis.
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Doganli C, Bukata L, Lykke-Hartmann K. Whole-Mount Immunohistochemistry for Anti-F59 in Zebrafish Embryos (1-5 Days Post Fertilization (dpf)). Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1377:365-9. [PMID: 26695047 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3179-8_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a powerful method to determine localization of tissue components by the interaction of target antigens with labeled antibodies. Here we describe an IHC protocol for localizing the myosin heavy chain of zebrafish embryos at 1-2 and 3-5 days post fertilization (dpf).
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Doganli
- Smith Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Lucas Bukata
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Karin Lykke-Hartmann
- Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease - PUMPKIN, Danish National Research Foundation, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark. .,Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Sakakibara I, Wurmser M, Dos Santos M, Santolini M, Ducommun S, Davaze R, Guernec A, Sakamoto K, Maire P. Six1 homeoprotein drives myofiber type IIA specialization in soleus muscle. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:30. [PMID: 27597886 PMCID: PMC5011358 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult skeletal muscles are composed of slow and fast myofiber subtypes which each express selective genes required for their specific contractile and metabolic activity. Six homeoproteins are transcription factors regulating muscle cell fate through activation of myogenic regulatory factors and driving fast-type gene expression during embryogenesis. RESULTS We show here that Six1 protein accumulates more robustly in the nuclei of adult fast-type muscles than in adult slow-type muscles, this specific enrichment takes place during perinatal growth. Deletion of Six1 in soleus impaired fast-type myofiber specialization during perinatal development, resulting in a slow phenotype and a complete lack of Myosin heavy chain 2A (MyHCIIA) expression. Global transcriptomic analysis of wild-type and Six1 mutant myofibers identified the gene networks controlled by Six1 in adult soleus muscle. This analysis showed that Six1 is required for the expression of numerous genes encoding fast-type sarcomeric proteins, glycolytic enzymes and controlling intracellular calcium homeostasis. Parvalbumin, a key player of calcium buffering, in particular, is a direct target of Six1 in the adult myofiber. CONCLUSIONS This analysis revealed that Six1 controls distinct aspects of adult muscle physiology in vivo, and acts as a main determinant of fast-fiber type acquisition and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iori Sakakibara
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014 France ; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, 75014 France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75014 France ; Division of Integrative Pathophysiology, Proteo-Science Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Maud Wurmser
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014 France ; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, 75014 France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75014 France
| | - Matthieu Dos Santos
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014 France ; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, 75014 France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75014 France
| | - Marc Santolini
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, CNRS, Université P. et M. Curie, Université D. Diderot, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, 75005 France
| | - Serge Ducommun
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Davaze
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014 France ; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, 75014 France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75014 France
| | - Anthony Guernec
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014 France ; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, 75014 France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75014 France
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Maire
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014 France ; CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, 75014 France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75014 France
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Sokoloff AJ, Douglas M, Rahnert JA, Burkholder T, Easley KA, Luo Q. Absence of morphological and molecular correlates of sarcopenia in the macaque tongue muscle styloglossus. Exp Gerontol 2016; 84:40-48. [PMID: 27566374 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Equivocal decline of tongue muscle performance with age is compatible with resistance of the tongue to sarcopenia, the loss of muscle volume and function that typically occurs with aging. To test this possibility we characterized anatomical and molecular indices of sarcopenia in the macaque tongue muscle styloglossus (SG). METHODS We quantified myosin heavy chain (MHC), muscle fiber MHC phenotype and size and total and phosphorylated growth- and atrophy-related proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), immunoblot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the SG in twenty-four macaque monkeys (Macaca rhesus, age range 9months to 31years) categorized into Young (<8years of age), Middle-aged (15-21years of age) and Old (>22years of age) groups. RESULTS In Young, Middle and Old age groups, by SDS-PAGE MHCI comprised ~1/3 and MHCII ~2/3 of total MHC. MHCI relative frequency was lower and MHCII higher in Middle versus Young (p=0.0099) and Middle versus Old (p=0.052). Relative frequencies of MHC fiber phenotype were not different by age but were different by phenotype (rates 233, 641 and 111 per 1000 fibers for MHCI, MHCII and MHCI-II respectively, p=0.03). Few or no fibers were positive for developmental MHC. Mean cross-sectional area (CSA) was not different among the three age groups for MHCII and MHCI-II; however MHCI fibers tended to be larger in Middle versus Old and Young (mean=2257μm2,1917μm2 (p=0.05) and 1704μm2 (p=0.06), respectively). For each age group, mean CSA increased across MHC phenotype (lowest mean CSA for MHCI and highest mean CSA for MHCII). Spearman analysis demonstrated age-related increases in total p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (P70), phosphorylated P70421/424, phosphorylated P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and muscle atrophy F-Box, a trend to age-related decrease in total extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and no age-related change in total protein kinase B (Akt/PKB), phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated ERK, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK46) and phosphorylated P70389. CONCLUSION Common anatomical and molecular indices of sarcopenia are absent in our sample of macaque SG. Relative frequencies of MHCII protein and phenotype are preserved with age. Although MAFbx expression increases with age, this is not associated with fiber atrophy, perhaps reflecting compensatory growth signaling by p70. The resistant nature of the styloglossus muscle to sarcopenia may be related to routine activation of tongue muscles in respiration and swallowing and the preservation of hypoglossal motoneuron number with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Sokoloff
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Megan Douglas
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jill A Rahnert
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Thomas Burkholder
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kirk A Easley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Qingwei Luo
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Sawyer DM, Pace LA, Pascale CL, Kutchin AC, O'Neill BE, Starke RM, Dumont AS. Lymphocytes influence intracranial aneurysm formation and rupture: role of extracellular matrix remodeling and phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:185. [PMID: 27416931 PMCID: PMC4946206 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial aneurysms (IA) are increasingly recognized as a disease driven by chronic inflammation. Recent research has identified key mediators and processes underlying IA pathogenesis, but mechanistic understanding remains incomplete. Lymphocytic infiltrates have been demonstrated in patient IA tissue specimens and have also been shown to play an important role in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and related diseases such as atherosclerosis. However, no study has systematically examined the contribution of lymphocytes in a model of IA. METHODS Lymphocyte-deficient (Rag1) and wild-type (WT; C57BL/6 strain) mice were subjected to a robust IA induction protocol. Rates of IA formation and rupture were measured, and cerebral artery tissue was collected and utilized for histology and gene expression analysis. RESULTS At 2 weeks, the Rag1 group had significantly fewer IA formations and ruptures than the WT group. Histological analysis of unruptured IA tissue showed robust B and T lymphocyte infiltration in the WT group, while there were no differences in macrophage infiltration, IA diameter, and wall thickness. Significant differences in interleukin-6 (IL-6), matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP2) and 9 (MMP9), and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) were observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Lymphocytes are key contributors to IA pathogenesis and provide a novel target for the prevention of IA progression and rupture in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Sawyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson St. Ste. 1300, 8047, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Lauren A Pace
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson St. Ste. 1300, 8047, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Crissey L Pascale
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson St. Ste. 1300, 8047, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Alexander C Kutchin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson St. Ste. 1300, 8047, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Brannan E O'Neill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson St. Ste. 1300, 8047, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Robert M Starke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson St. Ste. 1300, 8047, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Michael JJ, Gollapudi SK, Chandra M. Interplay between the effects of a Protein Kinase C phosphomimic (T204E) and a dilated cardiomyopathy mutation (K211Δ or R206W) in rat cardiac troponin T blunts the magnitude of muscle length-mediated crossbridge recruitment against the β- myosin heavy chain background. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2016; 37:83-93. [PMID: 27411801 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-016-9448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Failing hearts of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-patients reveal systolic dysfunction and upregulation of several Protein Kinase C (PKC) isoforms. Recently, we demonstrated that the functional effects of T204E, a PKC phosphomimic of cardiac troponin T (TnT), were differently modulated by α- and β-myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. Therefore, we hypothesized that the interplay between the effects of T204E and a DCM-linked mutation (K211Δ or R206W) in TnT would modulate contractile parameters linked-to systolic function in an MHC-dependent manner. To test our hypothesis, five TnT variants (wildtype, K211Δ, K211Δ + T204E, R206W, and R206W + T204E) were generated and individually reconstituted into demembranated cardiac muscle fibers from normal (α-MHC) and propylthiouracil-treated (β-MHC) rats. Steady-state and mechano-dynamic measurements were performed on reconstituted fibers. Myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity (pCa50) was decreased by both K211Δ and R206W to a greater extent in α-MHC fibers (~0.15 pCa units) than in β-MHC fibers (~0.06 pCa units). However, T204E exacerbated the attenuating influence of both mutants on pCa50 only in β-MHC fibers. Moreover, the magnitude of muscle length (ML)-mediated crossbridge (XB) recruitment was decreased by K211Δ + T204E (~47 %), R206W (~34 %), and R206W + T204E (~36 %) only in β-MHC fibers. In relevance to human hearts, which predominantly express β-MHC, our data suggest that the interplay between the effects of DCM mutations, PKC phosphomimic in TnT, and β-MHC lead to systolic dysfunction by attenuating pCa50 and the magnitude of ML-mediated XB recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jeshurun Michael
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, 205 Veterinary Biomedical Research Building, Pullman, WA, 99164-7620, USA
| | - Sampath K Gollapudi
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, 205 Veterinary Biomedical Research Building, Pullman, WA, 99164-7620, USA
| | - Murali Chandra
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, 205 Veterinary Biomedical Research Building, Pullman, WA, 99164-7620, USA.
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Fiorillo C, Astrea G, Savarese M, Cassandrini D, Brisca G, Trucco F, Pedemonte M, Trovato R, Ruggiero L, Vercelli L, D'Amico A, Tasca G, Pane M, Fanin M, Bello L, Broda P, Musumeci O, Rodolico C, Messina S, Vita GL, Sframeli M, Gibertini S, Morandi L, Mora M, Maggi L, Petrucci A, Massa R, Grandis M, Toscano A, Pegoraro E, Mercuri E, Bertini E, Mongini T, Santoro L, Nigro V, Minetti C, Santorelli FM, Bruno C. MYH7-related myopathies: clinical, histopathological and imaging findings in a cohort of Italian patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:91. [PMID: 27387980 PMCID: PMC4936326 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7)-related myopathies are emerging as an important group of muscle diseases of childhood and adulthood, with variable clinical and histopathological expression depending on the type and location of the mutation. Mutations in the head and neck domains are a well-established cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy whereas mutation in the distal regions have been associated with a range of skeletal myopathies with or without cardiac involvement, including Laing distal myopathy and Myosin storage myopathy. Recently the spectrum of clinical phenotypes associated with mutations in MYH7 has increased, blurring this scheme and adding further phenotypes to the list. A broader disease spectrum could lead to misdiagnosis of different congenital myopathies, neurogenic atrophy and other neuromuscular conditions. RESULTS As a result of a multicenter Italian study we collected clinical, histopathological and imaging data from a population of 21 cases from 15 families, carrying reported or novel mutations in MYH7. Patients displayed a variable phenotype including atypical pictures, as dropped head and bent spine, which cannot be classified in previously described groups. Half of the patients showed congenital or early infantile weakness with predominant distal weakness. Conversely, patients with later onset present prevalent proximal weakness. Seven patients were also affected by cardiomyopathy mostly in the form of non-compacted left ventricle. Muscle biopsy was consistent with minicores myopathy in numerous cases. Muscle MRI was meaningful in delineating a shared pattern of selective involvement of tibialis anterior muscles, with relative sparing of quadriceps. CONCLUSION This work adds to the genotype-phenotype correlation of MYH7-relatedmyopathies confirming the complexity of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fiorillo
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Molecular Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy. .,Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternad and Child Health, University of Genova, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - G Astrea
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Molecular Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Savarese
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - D Cassandrini
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Molecular Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Brisca
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Disorders, Istituto G.Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Trucco
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Disorders, Istituto G.Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Pedemonte
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Disorders, Istituto G.Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - R Trovato
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Molecular Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Ruggiero
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - L Vercelli
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - A D'Amico
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - G Tasca
- Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - M Pane
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - M Fanin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - L Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - P Broda
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Disorders, Istituto G.Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - O Musumeci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G L Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - M Sframeli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Gibertini
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Foundation C Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L Morandi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Foundation C Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Mora
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Foundation C Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - L Maggi
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Foundation C Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Petrucci
- Center for Neuromuscular and Neurological Rare Diseases, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - R Massa
- Department of Systems Medicine (Neurology), University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M Grandis
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternad and Child Health, University of Genova, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Toscano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Nemo Sud Clinical Centre, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - E Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - E Mercuri
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - E Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - T Mongini
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Santoro
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - V Nigro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - C Minetti
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Disorders, Istituto G.Gaslini, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternad and Child Health, University of Genova, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - F M Santorelli
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Molecular Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, Via dei Giacinti 2, 56128, Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Center of Myology and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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Siddique BS, Kinoshita S, Wongkarangkana C, Asakawa S, Watabe S. Evolution and Distribution of Teleost myomiRNAs: Functionally Diversified myomiRs in Teleosts. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2016; 18:436-447. [PMID: 27262998 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-016-9705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Myosin heavy chain (MYH) genes belong to a multigene family, and the regulated expression of each member determines the physiological and contractile muscle properties. Among these, MYH6, MYH7, and MYH14 occupy unique positions in the mammalian MYH gene family because of their specific expression in slow/cardiac muscles and the existence of intronic micro(mi) RNAs. MYH6, MYH7, and MYH14 encode miR-208a, miR-208b, and miR-499, respectively. These MYH encoded miRNAs are designated as myomiRs because of their muscle-specific expression and functions. In mammals, myomiRs and host MYHs form a transcription network involved in muscle fiber-type specification; thus, genomic positions and expression patterns of them are well conserved. However, our previous studies revealed divergent distribution and expression of MYH14/miR-499 among teleosts, suggesting the unique evolution of myomiRs and host MYHs in teleosts. Here, we examined distribution and expression of myomiRs and host MYHs in various teleost species. The major cardiac MYH isoforms in teleosts are an intronless gene, atrial myosin heavy chain (amhc), and ventricular myosin heavy chain (vmhc) gene that encodes an intronic miRNA, miR-736. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that vmhc/miR-736 is a teleost-specific myomiR that differed from tetrapoda MYH6/MYH7/miR-208s. Teleost genomes also contain species-specific orthologs in addition to vmhc and amhc, indicating complex gene duplication and gene loss events during teleost evolution. In medaka and torafugu, miR-499 was highly expressed in slow/cardiac muscles whereas the expression of miR-736 was quite low and not muscle specific. These results suggest functional diversification of myomiRs in teleost with the diversification of host MYHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuiyan Sharmin Siddique
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Kinoshita
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Chaninya Wongkarangkana
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuichi Asakawa
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shugo Watabe
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- School of Marine Bioscience, Kitasato University, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
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Hergenreder JE, Legako JF, Dinh TTN, Spivey KS, Baggerman JO, Broadway PR, Beckett JL, Branine ME, Johnson BJ. Zinc Methionine Supplementation Impacts Gene and Protein Expression in Calf-Fed Holstein Steers with Minimal Impact on Feedlot Performance. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:315-327. [PMID: 26446862 PMCID: PMC4856723 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0521-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Providing cattle a more bioavailable zinc (Zn) source prior to administering a beta adrenergic agonist (βAA) may enhance the metabolic pool of primary nutrients that will influence the magnitude of the βAA response. Calf-fed Holstein steers were supplemented with a Zn methionine supplement (ZnMet; ZINPRO(®); Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN) for 115 ± 5 days prior to harvest along with zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH; Zilmax(®); Merck Animal Health, Summit, NJ) for the last 20 days with a 3-day withdrawal to evaluate the effects on growth and carcass performance together with gene and protein expression of skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and fatty acid composition of polar and neutral lipid depots. Steers (n = 1296; initial weight = 468.5 ± 0.5 kg) were sorted by weight, blocked by harvest date, and randomly assigned to pens (n = 12) and treatments: control (90 ppm Zn from ZnSO4) and ZnMet (Control plus 720 mg Zn from ZnMet/hd/d). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in growth performance or carcass characteristics. The ZnMet-fed cattle had reduced (P < 0.05) abundance of myosin heavy chain (MHC)-IIX, β1-adrenergic receptor (βAR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA in skeletal muscle tissue. The ZnMet cattle had greater (P < 0.05) abundance of MHC-II protein, increased MHC-IIA and IIX cross-sectional areas (P < 0.05), an increased percentage of MHC-I fibers (P < 0.05), and a decreased percentage of MHC-IIX fibers (P < 0.05). The combination of ZnMet and ZH had positive biological effects on musculoskeletal tissue; however, these molecular effects were not significant enough to impact overall feedlot and carcass performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Hergenreder
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX, 79409-2141, USA
| | - J F Legako
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - T T N Dinh
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, 39762, USA
| | - K S Spivey
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX, 79409-2141, USA
| | - J O Baggerman
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX, 79409-2141, USA
| | - P R Broadway
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX, 79409-2141, USA
| | - J L Beckett
- Beckett Consulting Services, Fallbrook, CA, 92028, USA
| | | | - B J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Box 42141, Lubbock, TX, 79409-2141, USA.
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61
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Abstract
Neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a mediator of inflammation and head pain that influences the functional vascular blood supply. The CGRP also regulate myoblast and acetylcholine receptors on neuromuscular junctions in development. However, little is known about its appearance and location during mouse masseter muscle (MM) development. We detected the mRNA abundance of CGRP, vascular genesis markers (Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), PECAM (CD31), lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1)) and embryonic and adult myosin heavy chain (MyHCs) (embryonic, IIa, IIb, and IIx) using real-time RT-PCR during development from the embryonic stage to after birth (E12.5, E14.5, E17.5, E18.5, P0, P1 and P5). We also endeavored to analyze the expression and localization of CGRP in situ hybridization in the developing mouse MM during development from the embryonic stage to after birth (E12.5, E14.5, E17.5, and P1). The antisense probe for CGRP was detected by in situ hybridization at E12.5, E14.5 E17.5 and then no longer detected after birth. The CGRP, CD31, embryonic MyHC abundance levels are highest at E17.5 (p<0.001) and they show a pattern similar to that of the other markers from E12.5 to P5. PCA analysis indicates a specific relation between CGRP and embryonic MyHC, CD31, and LYVE-1 in MM development. Cluster analyses identified the following distinct clusters for mRNA abundance in the MM: cluster 1, P5; cluster 2, E12.5, E14.5, E17.5, E18.5, P0, and P1. The positive correlation between CGRP and embryonic MyHC (Pearson's r>0.65; p<0.01) was analyzed. These data suggested that CGRP may have an influence on embryonic MyHC during mouse MM development. CGRP also affects the angiogenesis markers at embryonic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Azuma
- Department of Anatomy, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Japan
| | - Yoko Miwa
- Department of Anatomy, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Japan
| | - Iwao Sato
- Department of Anatomy, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Japan.
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Trevino MA, Herda TJ, Fry AC, Gallagher PM, Vardiman JP, Mosier EM, Miller JD. The influence of myosin heavy chain isoform content on mechanical behavior of the vastus lateralis in vivo. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 28:143-51. [PMID: 27152756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined correlations between type I percent myosin heavy chain isoform content (%MHC) and mechanomyographic amplitude (MMGRMS) during isometric muscle actions. Fifteen (age=21.63±2.39) participants performed 40% and 70% maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) of the leg extensors that included increasing, steady force, and decreasing segments. Muscle biopsies were collected and MMG was recorded from the vastus lateralis. Linear regressions were fit to the natural-log transformed MMGRMS-force relationships (increasing and decreasing segments) and MMGRMS was selected at the targeted force level during the steady force segment. Correlations were calculated among type I%MHC and the b (slopes) terms from the MMGRMS-force relationships and MMGRMS at the targeted force. For the 40% MVC, correlations were significant (P<0.02) between type I%MHC and the b terms from the increasing (r=-0.804) and decreasing (r=-0.568) segments, and MMGRMS from the steady force segment (r=-0.606). Type I%MHC was only correlated with MMGRMS during the steady force segment (P=0.044, r=-0.525) during the 70% MVC. Higher type I%MHC reduced acceleration in MMGRMS (b terms) during the 40% MVC and the amplitude during the steady force segments. The surface MMG signal recorded during a moderate intensity contraction provided insight on the contractile properties of the VL in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Trevino
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
| | - Trent J Herda
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
| | - Andrew C Fry
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
| | - Philip M Gallagher
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
| | - John P Vardiman
- Applied Physiology and Sports Medicine Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.
| | - Eric M Mosier
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
| | - Jonathan D Miller
- Neuromechanics Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
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Han P, Li W, Yang J, Shang C, Lin CH, Cheng W, Hang CT, Cheng HL, Chen CH, Wong J, Xiong Y, Zhao M, Drakos SG, Ghetti A, Li DY, Bernstein D, Chen HSV, Quertermous T, Chang CP. Epigenetic response to environmental stress: Assembly of BRG1-G9a/GLP-DNMT3 repressive chromatin complex on Myh6 promoter in pathologically stressed hearts. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1863:1772-81. [PMID: 26952936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin structure is determined by nucleosome positioning, histone modifications, and DNA methylation. How chromatin modifications are coordinately altered under pathological conditions remains elusive. Here we describe a stress-activated mechanism of concerted chromatin modification in the heart. In mice, pathological stress activates cardiomyocytes to express Brg1 (nucleosome-remodeling factor), G9a/Glp (histone methyltransferase), and Dnmt3 (DNA methyltransferase). Once activated, Brg1 recruits G9a and then Dnmt3 to sequentially assemble repressive chromatin-marked by H3K9 and CpG methylation-on a key molecular motor gene (Myh6), thereby silencing Myh6 and impairing cardiac contraction. Disruption of Brg1, G9a or Dnmt3 erases repressive chromatin marks and de-represses Myh6, reducing stress-induced cardiac dysfunction. In human hypertrophic hearts, BRG1-G9a/GLP-DNMT3 complex is also activated; its level correlates with H3K9/CpG methylation, Myh6 repression, and cardiomyopathy. Our studies demonstrate a new mechanism of chromatin assembly in stressed hearts and novel therapeutic targets for restoring Myh6 and ventricular function. The stress-induced Brg1-G9a-Dnmt3 interactions and sequence of repressive chromatin assembly on Myh6 illustrates a molecular mechanism by which the heart epigenetically responds to environmental signals. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Han
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ching Shang
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chiou-Hong Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wei Cheng
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Calvin T Hang
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hsiu-Ling Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chen-Hao Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Johnson Wong
- Del E. Webb Neuroscience, Aging & Stem Cell Research Center, Sanford/Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yiqin Xiong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stavros G Drakos
- Cardiovascular Department and Utah Artificial Heart Program, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Andrea Ghetti
- AnaBios Corporation, 3030 Bunker Hill St., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Dean Y Li
- Cardiovascular Department and Utah Artificial Heart Program, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huei-Sheng Vincent Chen
- Del E. Webb Neuroscience, Aging & Stem Cell Research Center, Sanford/Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ching-Pin Chang
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Krannert Institute of Cardiology and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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64
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Kakimoto Y, Tanaka M, Kamiguchi H, Hayashi H, Ochiai E, Osawa M. MicroRNA deep sequencing reveals chamber-specific miR-208 family expression patterns in the human heart. Int J Cardiol 2016; 211:43-8. [PMID: 26974694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart chamber-specific mRNA expression patterns have been extensively studied, and dynamic changes have been reported in many cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also important regulators of normal cardiac development and functions that generally suppress gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Recent focus has been placed on circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers for cardiac disorders. However, miRNA expression levels in human normal hearts have not been thoroughly studied, and chamber-specific miRNA expression signatures in particular remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed miRNA deep sequencing on human paired left atria (LA) and ventricles (LV) under normal physiologic conditions. Among 438 miRNAs, miR-1 was the most abundant in both chambers, representing 21% of the miRNAs in LA and 26% in LV. A total of 25 miRNAs were differentially expressed between LA and LV; 14 were upregulated in LA, and 11 were highly expressed in LV. Notably, the miR-208 family in particular showed prominent chamber specificity; miR-208a-3p and miR-208a-5p were abundant in LA, whereas miR-208b-3p and miR-208b-5p were preferentially expressed in LV. Subsequent real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis validated the predominant expression of miR-208a in LA and miR-208b in LV. CONCLUSIONS Human atrial and ventricular tissues display characteristic miRNA expression signatures under physiological conditions. Notably, miR-208a and miR-208b show significant chamber-specificity as do their host genes, α-MHC and β-MHC, which are mainly expressed in the atria and ventricles, respectively. These findings might also serve to enhance our understanding of cardiac miRNAs and various heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kakimoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanaka
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamiguchi
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eriko Ochiai
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoki Osawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
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65
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Sato H, Funaki A, Kimura Y, Sumitomo M, Yoshida H, Fukata H, Ueno K. Ethanol extract of Cyclolepis genistoides D. Don (palo azul) induces formation of myotubes, which involves differentiation of C2C12 myoblast cells. Nutr Res 2016; 36:731-41. [PMID: 27262535 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the cell differentiation effect of an ethanol extract of Cyclolepis genistoides D. Don, a herbaceous perennial belonging to the family Asteraceae (vernacular name: palo azul). Palo azul has numerous physiological effects that contribute to the prevention of metabolic syndromes, although the mechanism remains unclear. We previously suggested that palo azul has antidiabetic activity via an adipose differentiation effect. Here, we focused on whether palo azul promoted the differentiation of myoblasts. The mouse muscle myoblast cell line C2C12 was cultured and differentiated using horse serum with or without an ethanol extract of palo azul (12.5-200 μg/mL). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate differentiation markers, including insulin-like growth factor-1 and myogenin. To evaluate myotube formation, myosin heavy-chain (MHC) expression and localization were detected by immunohistochemistry. Palo azul increased the expression of the differentiation markers. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis revealed increased formation of MHC myotubes after palo azul treatment along with increased diameter and fusion indices of the myotubes. The expression level of MHC was also increased. In conclusion, palo azul may increase muscle mass in the body and improve insulin resistance conditions by facilitating the formation of myotubes by promoting myocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Sato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
| | - Asami Funaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Mai Sumitomo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiroya Yoshida
- IHM Inc, 7-22-17, Nishigotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0031, Japan
| | - Hideki Fukata
- JPD Co. Ltd, 7-98, Kitaitami, Itami-shi, Hyogo 664-0831, Japan
| | - Koichi Ueno
- Center of Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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Gollapudi SK, Chandra M. The effect of cardiomyopathy mutation (R97L) in mouse cardiac troponin T on the muscle length-mediated recruitment of crossbridges is modified divergently by α- and β- myosin heavy chain. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 601:105-12. [PMID: 26792537 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations in cardiac troponin T (TnT) lead to sudden cardiac death. Augmented myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity is a common feature in TnT mutants, but such observations fail to provide a rational explanation for severe cardiac phenotypes. To better understand the mutation-induced effect on the cardiac phenotype, it is imperative to determine the effects on dynamic contractile features such as the muscle length (ML)-mediated activation against α- and β-myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms. α- and β-MHC are not only differentially expressed in rodent and human hearts, but they also modify ML-mediated activation differently. Mouse analog of human TnTR94L (TnTR97L) or wild-type TnT was reconstituted into de-membranated muscle fibers from normal (α-MHC) and transgenic (β-MHC) mouse hearts. TnTR97L augmented myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity by a similar amount in α- and β-MHC fibers. However, TnTR97L augmented the negative impact of strained crossbridges on other crossbridges (γ) by 22% in α-MHC fibers, but attenuated γ by 21% in β-MHC fibers. TnTR97L decreased the magnitude of ML-mediated recruitment of crossbridges (ER) by 37% in α-MHC fibers, but increased ER by 35% in β-MHC fibers. We provide a mechanistic basis for the TnTR97L-induced effects in α- and β-MHC fibers and discuss the relevance to human hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath K Gollapudi
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience (IPN), Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Murali Chandra
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience (IPN), Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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67
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Alvarado G, Jeney V, Tóth A, Csősz É, Kalló G, Huynh AT, Hajnal C, Kalász J, Pásztor ET, Édes I, Gram M, Akerström B, Smith A, Eaton JW, Balla G, Papp Z, Balla J. Heme-induced contractile dysfunction in human cardiomyocytes caused by oxidant damage to thick filament proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:248-62. [PMID: 26409224 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular free heme predisposes to oxidant-mediated tissue damage. We hypothesized that free heme causes alterations in myocardial contractility via disturbed structure and/or regulation of the contractile proteins. Isometric force production and its Ca(2+)-sensitivity (pCa50) were monitored in permeabilized human ventricular cardiomyocytes. Heme exposure altered cardiomyocyte morphology and evoked robust decreases in Ca(2+)-activated maximal active force (Fo) while increasing Ca(2+)-independent passive force (F passive). Heme treatments, either alone or in combination with H2O2, did not affect pCa50. The increase in F passive started at 3 µM heme exposure and could be partially reversed by the antioxidant dithiothreitol. Protein sulfhydryl (SH) groups of thick myofilament content decreased and sulfenic acid formation increased after treatment with heme. Partial restoration in the SH group content was observed in a protein running at 140 kDa after treatment with dithiothreitol, but not in other proteins, such as filamin C, myosin heavy chain, cardiac myosin binding protein C, and α-actinin. Importantly, binding of heme to hemopexin or alpha-1-microglobulin prevented its effects on cardiomyocyte contractility, suggesting an allosteric effect. In line with this, free heme directly bound to myosin light chain 1 in human cardiomyocytes. Our observations suggest that free heme modifies cardiac contractile proteins via posttranslational protein modifications and via binding to myosin light chain 1, leading to severe contractile dysfunction. This may contribute to systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunctions in hemolytic diseases, heart failure, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Alvarado
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Nephrology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Jeney
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergő Kalló
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - An T Huynh
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csaba Hajnal
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Kalász
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Enikő T Pásztor
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Édes
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Akerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - John W Eaton
- Molecular Targets Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40059, USA
| | - György Balla
- MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Schiaffino S, Rossi AC, Smerdu V, Leinwand LA, Reggiani C. Developmental myosins: expression patterns and functional significance. Skelet Muscle 2015; 5:22. [PMID: 26180627 PMCID: PMC4502549 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-015-0046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing skeletal muscles express unique myosin isoforms, including embryonic and neonatal myosin heavy chains, coded by the myosin heavy chain 3 (MYH3) and MYH8 genes, respectively, and myosin light chain 1 embryonic/atrial, encoded by the myosin light chain 4 (MYL4) gene. These myosin isoforms are transiently expressed during embryonic and fetal development and disappear shortly after birth when adult fast and slow myosins become prevalent. However, developmental myosins persist throughout adult stages in specialized muscles, such as the extraocular and jaw-closing muscles, and in the intrafusal fibers of the muscle spindles. These myosins are re-expressed during muscle regeneration and provide a specific marker of regenerating fibers in the pathologic skeletal muscle. Mutations in MYH3 or MYH8 are responsible for distal arthrogryposis syndromes, characterized by congenital joint contractures and orofacial dysmorphisms, supporting the importance of muscle contractile activity and body movements in joint development and in shaping the form of the face during fetal development. The biochemical and biophysical properties of developmental myosins have only partially been defined, and their functional significance is not yet clear. One possibility is that these myosins are specialized in contracting against low loads, and thus, they may be adapted to the prenatal environment, when fetal muscles contract against a very low load compared to postnatal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Schiaffino
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto C Rossi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Vika Smerdu
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
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69
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Shero MR, Costa DP, Burns JM. Scaling matters: incorporating body composition into Weddell seal seasonal oxygen store comparisons reveals maintenance of aerobic capacities. J Comp Physiol B 2015; 185:811-24. [PMID: 26164426 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-015-0922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adult Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) haul-out on the ice in October/November (austral spring) for the breeding season and reduce foraging activities for ~4 months until their molt in the austral fall (January/February). After these periods, animals are at their leanest and resume actively foraging for the austral winter. In mammals, decreased exercise and hypoxia exposure typically lead to decreased production of O2-carrying proteins and muscle wasting, while endurance training increases aerobic potential. To test whether similar effects were present in marine mammals, this study compared the physiology of 53 post-molt female Weddell seals in the austral fall to 47 pre-breeding females during the spring in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Once body mass and condition (lipid) were controlled for, there were no seasonal changes in total body oxygen (TBO2) stores. Within each season, hematocrit and hemoglobin values were negatively correlated with animal size, and larger animals had lower mass-specific TBO2 stores. But because larger seals had lower mass-specific metabolic rates, their calculated aerobic dive limit was similar to smaller seals. Indicators of muscular efficiency, myosin heavy chain composition, myoglobin concentrations, and aerobic enzyme activities (citrate synthase and β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase) were likewise maintained across the year. The preservation of aerobic capacity is likely critical to foraging capabilities, so that following the molt Weddell seals can rapidly regain body mass at the start of winter foraging. In contrast, muscle lactate dehydrogenase activity, a marker of anaerobic metabolism, exhibited seasonal plasticity in this diving top predator and was lowest after the summer period of reduced activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Shero
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA. .,School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA.
| | - Daniel P Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Jennifer M Burns
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
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Plas RLC, Degens H, Meijer JP, de Wit GMJ, Philippens IHCHM, Bobbert MF, Jaspers RT. Muscle contractile properties as an explanation of the higher mean power output in marmosets than humans during jumping. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:2166-73. [PMID: 25987730 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.117655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The muscle mass-specific mean power output (PMMS,mean) during push-off in jumping in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) is more than twice that in humans. In the present study it was tested whether this is attributable to differences in muscle contractile properties. In biopsies of marmoset m. vastus lateralis (VL) and m. gastrocnemius medialis (GM) (N=4), fibre-type distribution was assessed using fluorescent immunohistochemistry. In single fibres from four marmoset and nine human VL biopsies, the force-velocity characteristics were determined. Marmoset VL contained almost exclusively fast muscle fibres (>99.0%), of which 63% were type IIB and 37% were hybrid fibres, fibres containing multiple myosin heavy chains. GM contained 9% type I fibres, 44% type IIB and 47% hybrid muscle fibres. The proportions of fast muscle fibres in marmoset VL and GM were substantially larger than those reported in the corresponding human muscles. The curvature of the force-velocity relationships of marmoset type IIB and hybrid fibres was substantially flatter than that of human type I, IIA, IIX and hybrid fibres, resulting in substantially higher muscle fibre mass-specific peak power (PFMS,peak). Muscle mass-specific peak power output (PMMS,peak) values of marmoset whole VL and GM, estimated from their fibre-type distributions and force-velocity characteristics, were more than twice the estimates for the corresponding human muscles. As the relative difference in estimated PMMS,peak between marmosets and humans is similar to that of PMMS,mean during push-off in jumping, it is likely that the difference in in vivo mechanical output between humans and marmosets is attributable to differences in muscle contractile properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier L C Plas
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, Amsterdam NL-1081 BT, The Netherlands School of Healthcare Science, Cognitive Motor Function Research Group, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Hans Degens
- School of Healthcare Science, Cognitive Motor Function Research Group, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - J Peter Meijer
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, Amsterdam NL-1081 BT, The Netherlands School of Healthcare Science, Cognitive Motor Function Research Group, School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Gerard M J de Wit
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, Amsterdam NL-1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid H C H M Philippens
- Department of Immunobiology, Division Neuropathology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Bobbert
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, Amsterdam NL-1081 BT, The Netherlands
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorstraat 9, Amsterdam NL-1081 BT, The Netherlands
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of our current findings on appendage formation and patterning stem from studies on chordate and ecdysozoan model organisms. However, in order to fully understand the evolution of animal appendages, it is essential to include information on appendage development from lophotrochozoan representatives. Here, we examined the basic dynamics of the Octopus vulgaris arm's formation and differentiation - as a highly evolved member of the lophotrochozoan super phylum - with a special focus on the formation of the arm's musculature. RESULTS The octopus arm forms during distinct phases, including an early outgrowth from an epithelial thickening, an elongation, and a late differentiation into mature tissue types. During early arm outgrowth, uniform proliferation leads to the formation of a rounded bulge, which subsequently elongates along its proximal-distal axis by means of actin-mediated epithelial cell changes. Further differentiation of all tissue layers is initiated but end-differentiation is postponed to post-hatching stages. Interestingly, muscle differentiation shows temporal differences in the formation of distinct muscle layers. Particularly, first myocytes appear in the area of the future transverse prior to the longitudinal muscle layer, even though the latter represents the more dominant muscle type at hatching stage. Sucker rudiments appear as small epithelial outgrowths with a mesodermal and ectodermal component on the oral part of the arm. During late differentiation stages, cell proliferation becomes localized to a distal arm region termed the growth zone of the arm. CONCLUSIONS O. vulgaris arm formation shows both, similarities to known model species as well as species-specific patterns of arm formation. Similarities include early uniform cell proliferation and actin-mediated cell dynamics, which lead to an elongation along the proximal-distal axis. Furthermore, the switch to an adult-like progressive distal growth mode during late differentiation stages is reminiscent of the vertebrate progress zone. However, tissue differentiation shows a species-specific delay, which is correlated to a paralarval pelagic phase after hatching and concomitant emerging behavioral modifications. By understanding the general dynamics of octopus arm formation, we established a basis for further studies on appendage patterning, growth, and differentiation in a representative of the lophotrochozoan super phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Nödl
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara M Fossati
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Centro Oceanografico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Subida Radio Faro, 50 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Francisco J Sánchez
- Centro Oceanografico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografia, Subida Radio Faro, 50 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Letizia Zullo
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
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Choi SJ. Differential susceptibility on myosin heavy chain isoform following eccentric-induced muscle damage. J Exerc Rehabil 2014; 10:344-8. [PMID: 25610817 PMCID: PMC4294435 DOI: 10.12965/jer.140171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform, human skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into three fiber types, type I, IIa, IIx fibers, and each fiber type has different characteristics. Typical characteristics are difference in force production, shortening velocity, and fatigue resistance. When the muscle is contract and stretched by a force that is greater than the force generated by the muscle, contraction-induced muscle damage frequently occurs. Several experimental models involving both human and animal have considered the susceptibility of different muscle fiber type and part of muscles to eccentric induced muscle damage. General consensus is a greater susceptibility of fast-twitch fiber or type II fiber to damage following eccentric contractions. However, the results from these previous efforts were not enough to conclude the susceptibility between each individual fiber types after eccentric contraction. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to explore detail limitation and interpretation of previous studies, and review the recent study that eliminated the prior limitations, such as strain magnitude, lengthening velocity, fiber type heterogeneity, and muscle architecture issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jun Choi
- Division of Sports and Health Science, Kyungsung University, Busan, Korea
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73
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Schroeder KL, Rosser BW, Kim SY. Fiber type composition of the human quadratus plantae muscle: a comparison of the lateral and medial heads. J Foot Ankle Res 2014; 7:54. [PMID: 25530807 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-014-0054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human quadratus plantae muscle has been attributed a variety of functions, however no consensus has been reached on its significance to foot functioning. The architecture of the human quadratus plantae consists of an evolutionarily conserved lateral head, and a medial head thought to be unique to Man. Surveys of human anatomy have demonstrated the absence of either the medial or lateral head in 20% of the population, which may have implications for foot functioning if each muscle head performs a discrete function. METHODS We investigated the quadratus plantae from eleven formalin-embalmed specimens with a mean age of 84 ± 9 years. Immunohistochemical methods were used to determine the percentage of Type I and Type II muscle fibers in the medial and lateral heads of the quadratus plantae from these specimens. RESULTS Results showed striking homogeneity in fiber type composition within an individual, with an average difference in Type I fiber content of 4.1% between lateral and medial heads. Between individuals, however, the ratio of fiber types within the quadratus plantae was highly variable, with Type I fiber percentages ranging from 19.1% to 91.6% in the lateral head, and 20.4% to 97.0% within the medial head. CONCLUSIONS Our finding of similar fiber type composition of lateral and medial heads within an individual supports the hypothesis that the two heads have a singular function.
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Zhang C, Luo J, Yu B, Zheng P, Huang Z, Mao X, He J, Yu J, Chen J, Chen D. Dietary resveratrol supplementation improves meat quality of finishing pigs through changing muscle fiber characteristics and antioxidative status. Meat Sci 2014; 102:15-21. [PMID: 25524822 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of resveratrol (0, 300, 600 mg/kg) on meat quality, muscle fiber characteristics and antioxidative capacity of finishing pigs. The results showed that resveratrol not only increased m. longissimus dorsi (LM) pH(24 h), a*, crude protein and myoglobin content but also decreased L*(24 h), shear force, drip loss, glycolytic potential, as well as backfat depth, LM lactate dehydrogenase activity and mRNA level. Meanwhile, LM total antioxidative capacity, glutathione peroxidase activity and its mRNA level were increased by resveratrol, while malonaldehyde content was decreased. In addition, resveratrol increased myosin heavy chain (MyHC)IIa mRNA level and decreased MyHCIIb mRNA level, along with decreased myofiber cross-sectional area. In conclusion, these results suggest that resveratrol is an effective feed additive to improve pork quality, and the underlying mechanism may be partly due to the changed muscle fiber characteristics and antioxidative capacity induced by resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
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Kohn TA, Noakes TD, Rae DE, Rubio JC, Santalla A, Nogales-Gadea G, Pinós T, Martín MA, Arenas J, Lucia A. McArdle disease does not affect skeletal muscle fibre type profiles in humans. Biol Open 2014; 3:1224-7. [PMID: 25432515 PMCID: PMC4265760 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20149548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from glycogen storage disease V (McArdle disease) were shown to have higher surface electrical activity in their skeletal muscles when exercising at the same intensity as their healthy counterparts, indicating more muscle fibre recruitment. To explain this phenomenon, this study investigated whether muscle fibre type is shifted towards a predominance in type I fibres as a consequence of the disease. Muscle biopsies from the Biceps brachii (BB) (n = 9) or Vastus lateralis (VL) (n = 8) were collected over a 13-year period from male and female patients diagnosed with McArdle disease, analysed for myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform content using SDS-PAGE, and compared to healthy controls (BB: n = 3; VL: n = 10). All three isoforms were expressed and no difference in isoform expression in VL was found between the McArdle patients and healthy controls (MHC I: 33±19% vs. 43±7%; MHC IIa: 52±9% vs. 40±7%; MHC IIx: 15±18% vs. 17±9%). Similarly, the BB isoform content was also not different between the two groups (MHC I: 33±14% vs. 30±11%; MHC IIa: 46±17% vs. 39±5%; MHC IIx: 21±13% vs. 31±14%). In conclusion, fibre type distribution does not seem to explain the higher surface EMG in McArdle patients. Future studies need to investigate muscle fibre size and contractility of McArdle patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tertius Abraham Kohn
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa
| | - Timothy David Noakes
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa
| | - Dale Elizabeth Rae
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa
| | - Juan Carlos Rubio
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, i+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- Department of Sport Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Institut de Recerca del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomas Pinós
- Departament de Patologia Mitocondrial i Neuromuscular, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, i+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Arenas
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, i+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, i+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
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Inoue T, Hashimoto M, Katakura M, Tanabe Y, Al Mamun A, Matsuzaki K, Otani H, Shido O. Effects of chronic administration of arachidonic acid on lipid profiles and morphology in the skeletal muscles of aged rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:119-27. [PMID: 25128088 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, ARA) is a major component of the cell membrane, whereas ARA-derived eicosanoids are formed when cells are damaged. Aging is associated with an accretion of oxidative stress in skeletal muscles. In this study, we examined the effects of chronic administration (13 weeks) of ARA (240 mg/kg/day) on fatty acid composition, antioxidative status, and morphology of slow (soleus muscles) and fast (extensor digitorum longus muscles; EDL)-twitch muscles in aged rats (21 months old). The level of reactive oxygen species was higher in the EDL of ARA-administered rats than in that of control rats. ARA administration decreased the muscle cell volumes and increased the number of slow myosin heavy chain (MHC)-positive cells in the EDL. The relative content of MHC2X was increased whereas the relative content of MHC2B was decreased in the EDL of ARA-administered rats. These results suggest that ARA deposition in the fast-twitch muscle of aged rats reduced cell volume with an increase in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Inoue
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanabe
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Otani
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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77
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Lindqvist J, Hardeman EC, Ochala J. Sexually dimorphic myofilament function in a mouse model of nemaline myopathy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 564:37-42. [PMID: 25261348 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy, the most common congenital myopathy, is characterized by mutations in genes encoding myofilament proteins such as skeletal α-actin. These mutations are thought to ultimately lead to skeletal muscle weakness. Interestingly, some of the mutations appear to be more potent in males than in females. The underlying mechanisms remain obscure but may be related to sex-specific differences in the myofilament function of both limb and respiratory muscles. To verify this, in the present study, we used skeletal muscles (tibialis anterior and diaphragm) from a transgenic mouse model harbouring the His40Tyr amino acid substitution in skeletal α-actin. In this animal model, 60% of males die by 13weeks of age (the underlying causes of death are obscure but probably due to respiratory insufficiency) whereas females have a normal lifespan. By recording and analysing the mechanics of membrane-permeabilized myofibres, we only observed sex-related differences in the tibialis anterior muscles. Indeed, the concomitant deficits in maximal steady-state isometric force and stiffness of myofibres were less exacerbated in transgenic females than in males, potentially explaining the lower potency in limb muscles. However, the absence of sex-difference in the diaphragm muscles was rather unexpected and suggests that myofilament dysfunction does not solely underlie the sexually dimorphic phenotypes.
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78
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Finsterer J, Brandau O, Stöllberger C, Wallefeld W, Laing NG, Laccone F. Distal myosin heavy chain-7 myopathy due to the novel transition c.5566G>A (p.E1856K) with high interfamilial cardiac variability and putative anticipation. Neuromuscul Disord 2014; 24:721-5. [PMID: 24953931 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Myosin-heavy-chain 7 (MYH7)-myopathy manifests clinically with a distal, scapuloperoneal, limb-girdle (proximal), or axial distribution and may involve the respiratory muscles. Cardiac involvement is frequent, ranging from relaxation impairment to severe dilative cardiomyopathy. Progression and earlier onset of cardiac disease in successive generations with MYH7-myopathy is unreported. In a five-generation family MYH7-myopathy due to the novel c.5566G > A (p.E1856K) mutation manifested with late-onset, distal > proximal myopathy and variable degree of cardiac involvement. The index patient developed distal myopathy since age 49 y and anginal chest pain. Her mother had distal myopathy and impaired myocardial relaxation. The daughter of the index patient had discrete myopathy but left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction and ventricular arrhythmias requiring an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. The granddaughter of the index patient had infantile dilated cardiomyopathy without overt myopathy. Cardiac involvement may be present in MYH7-myopathy and may be progressive between the generations, ranging from relaxation abnormality to noncompaction, ventricular arrhythmias, and dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Brandau
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Stöllberger
- 2nd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
| | - William Wallefeld
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Franco Laccone
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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79
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Wojtysiak D, Połtowicz K. Carcass quality, physico-chemical parameters, muscle fibre traits and myosin heavy chain composition of m. longissimus lumborum from Puławska and Polish Large White pigs. Meat Sci 2014; 97:395-403. [PMID: 24769095 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In 54 Puławska pigs and 60 Polish Large White pigs (PLW), slaughtered at 30 and 100 kg body weight, carcass and meat quality of m. longissimus lumborum were studied. Analysis revealed that in both examined body weight groups, hot carcass weight, carcass yield percentage, meat content, and weight of ham and carcass ham percentage were significantly lower and backfat thickness higher for Puławska pigs compared to PLW pigs, while PLW pigs exhibited significantly longer carcasses, greater loin eye area, and, in the case of lighter pigs, smaller proportion of loin in the carcass. Muscles of Puławska pigs, in the lighter group, had higher IMF content and a* value, while in the heavier group they exhibited higher pH(45), pH(24) and a* values, lower L*, drip loss, WHC, and thermal loss compared with PLW pigs. PLW pigs had higher WB and hardness values and more glycolytic muscles characterised by higher TNF.
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80
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Tuttle LJ, Alperin M, Lieber RL. Post-mortem timing of skeletal muscle biochemical and mechanical degradation. J Biomech 2014; 47:1506-9. [PMID: 24589021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fresh cadaveric human tissue is a valuable resource that is used to address important clinical questions. However, it is unknown how post-mortem time impacts skeletal muscle mechanical and biochemical properties. We simulated morgue conditions in rabbits and tested the passive mechanical properties of muscle bundles, and the degradation of myosin heavy chain, collagen, and titin at specific intervals up to 7 days post-mortem. While a great deal of inter-specimen variability was observed, it was independent of post-mortem time. Passive mechanics, myosin heavy chain, and collagen content were all unaffected while the titin protein degraded up to 80% over 7 days post-mortem. These data indicate that fresh cadaveric tissue may be used for passive mechanical testing and that certain biochemical properties are unchanged up to 7 days after death.
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81
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Daou N, Lecolle S, Lefebvre S, della Gaspera B, Charbonnier F, Chanoine C, Armand AS. A new role for the calcineurin/NFAT pathway in neonatal myosin heavy chain expression via the NFATc2/MyoD complex during mouse myogenesis. Development 2014; 140:4914-25. [PMID: 24301466 DOI: 10.1242/dev.097428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The calcineurin/NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) signaling pathway is involved in the modulation of the adult muscle fiber type, but its role in the establishment of the muscle phenotype remains elusive. Here, we show that the NFAT member NFATc2 cooperates with the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MyoD to induce the expression of a specific myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform, the neonatal one, during embryogenesis. We found this cooperation to be crucial, as Myod/Nfatc2 double-null mice die at birth, with a dramatic reduction of the major neonatal MHC isoform normally expressed at birth in skeletal muscles, such as limb and intercostal muscles, whereas its expression is unaffected in myofibers mutated for either factor alone. Using gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we identified NFATc2 bound to the neonatal Mhc gene, whereas NFATc1 and NFATc3 would preferentially bind the embryonic Mhc gene. We provide evidence that MyoD synergistically cooperates with NFATc2 at the neonatal Mhc promoter. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that the calcineurin/NFAT pathway plays a new role in establishing the early muscle fiber type in immature myofibers during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissrine Daou
- Centre d'Etude de la Sensori-Motricité, UMR 8194 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, F-75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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82
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Remels AHV, Gosker HR, Langen RC, Polkey M, Sliwinski P, Galdiz J, van den Borst B, Pansters NA, Schols AMWJ. Classical NF-κB activation impairs skeletal muscle oxidative phenotype by reducing IKK-α expression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:175-85. [PMID: 24215713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of quadriceps muscle oxidative phenotype (OXPHEN) is an evident and debilitating feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We recently demonstrated involvement of the inflammatory classical NF-κB pathway in inflammation-induced impairments in muscle OXPHEN. The exact underlying mechanisms however are unclear. Interestingly, IκB kinase α (IKK-α: a key kinase in the alternative NF-κB pathway) was recently identified as a novel positive regulator of skeletal muscle OXPHEN. We hypothesised that inflammation-induced classical NF-κB activation contributes to loss of muscle OXPHEN in COPD by reducing IKK-α expression. METHODS Classical NF-κB signalling was activated (molecularly or by tumour necrosis factor α: TNF-α) in cultured myotubes and the impact on muscle OXPHEN and IKK-α levels was investigated. Moreover, the alternative NF-κB pathway was modulated to investigate the impact on muscle OXPHEN in absence or presence of an inflammatory stimulus. As a proof of concept, quadriceps muscle biopsies of COPD patients and healthy controls were analysed for expression levels of IKK-α, OXPHEN markers and TNF-α. RESULTS IKK-α knock-down in cultured myotubes decreased expression of OXPHEN markers and key OXPHEN regulators. Moreover, classical NF-κB activation (both by TNF-α and IKK-β over-expression) reduced IKK-α levels and IKK-α over-expression prevented TNF-α-induced impairments in muscle OXPHEN. Importantly, muscle IKK-α protein abundance and OXPHEN was reduced in COPD patients compared to controls, which was more pronounced in patients with increased muscle TNF-α mRNA levels. CONCLUSION Classical NF-κB activation impairs skeletal muscle OXPHEN by reducing IKK-α expression. TNF-α-induced reductions in muscle IKK-α may accelerate muscle OXPHEN deterioration in COPD.
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Key Words
- 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide
- 50S ribosomal subunit protein L15
- 60S ribosomal protein L13a
- ACTB
- ALAS1
- ATP
- Ad
- Adenosine triphosphate
- Adenoviral
- B2M
- BMI
- Beta Cytoskeletal Actin
- Body mass index
- CA
- COPD
- COXIV
- CS
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Citrate synthase
- Classical NF-κB
- Constitutively active
- Cytochrome c oxidase 4
- DMEM
- Delta-aminolevulinate synthase 1
- Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- FEV1
- FVC
- Forced expiratory volume in one second
- Forced vital capacity
- GAPDH
- GUSB
- Gapdh, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- Gfp
- Glucuronidase, bèta
- Green fluorescent protein
- HAD
- HBSS
- HCBP
- HMBS
- HPRT
- Hank's Balanced Salt solution
- Hprt, Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1
- Human carnitine-palmitoyl transferase B
- Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase
- IKK-α
- Icam-1
- Ikk-α, IκB kinase alpha
- Ikk-β
- Il-1β
- Intra-cellular adhesion molecule 1
- IκB kinase beta
- IκBα
- Mlc
- Myhc
- Myosin heavy chain
- Myosin light chain
- NF-κB
- NS
- Not significant
- Nrf
- Nuclear factor kappa B
- Nuclear respiratory factor
- OXPHEN
- Oxidative metabolism
- Oxidative phenotype
- Oxidative phosphorylation
- Oxphos
- PBS
- PGC-1
- PPAR
- PPIA
- Pgc-1, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1
- Phosphate-buffered saline
- Ppar, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- RPL13A
- RPLO
- SD
- SEM
- SR
- Skeletal muscle
- Standard deviation
- Standard equality of the mean
- Super repressor
- TFAM
- TNF-α
- Tfam, Mitochondrial transcription factor A
- Tnf-α, Tumour necrosis factor alpha
- UBC
- Ubiquitin C
- WT
- Wild-type
- YWHAZ
- interleukin 1β
- nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha
- peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A)
- β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
- β2m, Beta 2 microglobulin
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Affiliation(s)
- A H V Remels
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology & Metabolism, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - H R Gosker
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology & Metabolism, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - R C Langen
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology & Metabolism, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - M Polkey
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London SW3 6NP, UK.
| | - P Sliwinski
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - J Galdiz
- Pneumology Department and Research Unit, Cruces Hospital, Basque Country University, Barakaldo, Spain.
| | - B van den Borst
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology & Metabolism, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - N A Pansters
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology & Metabolism, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - A M W J Schols
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology & Metabolism, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Damatto R, Martinez P, Lima A, Cezar M, Campos D, Oliveira Junior S, Guizoni D, Bonomo C, Nakatani B, Dal Pai Silva M, Carvalho R, Okoshi K, Okoshi M. Heart failure-induced skeletal myopathy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int J Cardiol 2013; 167:698-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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84
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Greising SM, Mantilla CB, Gorman BA, Ermilov LG, Sieck GC. Diaphragm muscle sarcopenia in aging mice. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:881-7. [PMID: 23792145 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, defined as muscle weakness and fiber atrophy, of respiratory muscles such as the diaphragm (DIAm) has not been well characterized. The DIAm is the main inspiratory muscle and knowledge of DIAm sarcopenia is important for establishing the effects of aging on respiratory function. We hypothesized that aging is associated with a loss of DIAm force and reduced fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), and that these changes vary across fiber types. DIAm sarcopenia was assessed in young (5 month; n = 11) and old (23 month; n = 12) wild-type mice reflecting ~100 and 75% survival, respectively. In addition, DIAm sarcopenia was evaluated in BubR1(H/H) mice (n = 4) that display accelerated aging (~60% survival at 5 months) as a result of expression of a hypomorphic allele (H) of the mitotic checkpoint protein BubR1. Maximum specific force (normalized for CSA) of the DIAm was 34% less in old mice and 57% lower in BubR1(H/H) mice compared to young mice. Mean CSA of type IIx and/or IIb DIAm fibers was 27% smaller in old wild-type mice and 47% smaller in BubR1(H/H) mice compared to young mice. Mean CSA of type I or IIa fibers was not different between groups. Collectively these results demonstrate sarcopenia of the DIAm in aging wild-type mice and in BubR1(H/H) mice displaying accelerated aging. Sarcopenia may limit the ability of the DIAm to accomplish expulsive, non-ventilatory behaviors essential for airway clearance. As a result, these changes in the DIAm may contribute to respiratory complications with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Greising
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Woytanowski JR, Coughlin DJ. Thermal acclimation in rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, leads to faster myotomal muscle contractile properties and improved swimming performance. Biol Open 2013; 2:343-50. [PMID: 23519555 PMCID: PMC3603416 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20133509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) display an impressive ability to acclimate to very cold water temperatures. These fish express both anti-freeze proteins and glycerol in their plasma, liver, muscle and other tissues to avoid freezing at sub-zero temperatures. Maintenance of glycerol levels requires active feeding in very cold water. To understand how these fish can maintain activity at cold temperatures, we explored thermal acclimation by the myotomal muscle of smelt exposed to cold water. We hypothesized that cold-acclimated fish would show enhanced swimming ability due to shifts in muscle contractile properties. We also predicted that shifts in swimming performance would be associated with changes in the expression patterns of muscle proteins such as parvalbumin (PV) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Swimming studies show significantly faster swimming by smelt acclimated to 5°C compared to fish acclimated to 20°C when tested at a common test temperature of 10°C. The cold-acclimated fish also had faster muscle contractile properties, such as a maximum shortening velocity (Vmax) almost double that of warm-acclimated fish at the same test temperature. Cold-acclimation is associated with a modest increase in PV levels in the swimming muscle. Fluorescence microscopy using anti-MyHC antibodies suggests that MyHC expression in the myotomal muscle may shift in response to exposure to cold water. The complex set of physiological responses that comprise cold-acclimation in smelt includes modifications in muscle function to permit active locomotion in cold water.
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