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Kuzan A, Wujczyk M, Wiglusz RJ. The Study of the Aorta Metallomics in the Context of Atherosclerosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070946. [PMID: 34202347 PMCID: PMC8301911 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease, for which the etiology is so complex that we are currently unable to prevent it and effectively lower the statistics on mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Parallel to modern analyses in molecular biology and biochemistry, we want to carry out analyses at the level of micro- and macroelements in order to discover the interdependencies between elements during atherogenesis. In this work, we used the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) to determine the content of calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, chromium, zinc, manganese, cadmium, lead, and zinc in the aorta sections of people who died a sudden death. We also estimated the content of metalloenzymes MMP-9, NOS-3, and SOD-2 using the immunohistochemical method. It was observed that with the age of the patient, the calcium content of the artery increased, while the content of copper and iron decreased. Very high correlations (correlation coefficient above 0.8) were observed for pairs of parameters in women: Mn–Ca, Fe–Cu, and Ca–Cd, and in men: Mn–Zn. The degree of atherosclerosis negatively correlated with magnesium and with cadmium. Chromium inhibited absorption of essential trace elements such as Cu and Fe due to its content being above the quantification threshold only if Cu and Fe were lower. Moreover, we discussed how to design research for the future in order to learn more about the pathomechanism of atherosclerosis and the effect of taking dietary supplements on the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kuzan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-7841-379
| | - Marta Wujczyk
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.W.); (R.J.W.)
| | - Rafal J. Wiglusz
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.W.); (R.J.W.)
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52
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Orywal K, Socha K, Nowakowski P, Zoń W, Kaczyński P, Mroczko B, Łozowicka B, Perkowski M. Health risk assessment of exposure to toxic elements resulting from consumption of dried wild-grown mushrooms available for sale. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252834. [PMID: 34161345 PMCID: PMC8221490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms exhibit a high ability to accumulate potentially toxic elements. The legal regulations in force in the European Union countries do not define the maximum content of elements in dried wild-grown mushrooms. This study presents the content of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) determined in dried wild-grown mushrooms (Boletus edulis and Xerocomus badius) available for sale. Moreover, the health risk associated with their consumption is assessed. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Cd, Pb, As) and atomic absorption spectrometry (Hg) were used. The mean Hg, Cd, Pb and As concentration in Boletus edulis was 3.039±1.092, 1.983±1.145, 1.156±1.049 and 0.897±0.469 mg/kg and in Xerocomus badius 0.102±0.020, 1.154±0.596, 0.928±1.810 and 0.278±0.108 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum value of the hazard index (HI) showed that the consumption of a standard portion of dried Boletus edulis may have negative consequences for health and corresponded to 76.2%, 34.1%, 33% and 4.3% of the maximum daily doses of Hg, Cd, Pb and As, respectively. The results indicate that the content of toxic elements in dried wild-grown mushrooms should be monitored. The issue constitutes a legal niche where unfavourable EU regulations may pose a threat to food safety and consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Orywal
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Patryk Nowakowski
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zoń
- Department of Public International Law and European Law, University of Białystok, Faculty of Law, Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Institute of Plant Protection–National Research Institute, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Institute of Plant Protection–National Research Institute, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Perkowski
- Department of Public International Law and European Law, University of Białystok, Faculty of Law, Białystok, Poland
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53
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Qudus HI, Purwadi P, Holilah I, Hadi S. Analysis of Mercury in Skin Lightening Cream by Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MP-AES). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113130. [PMID: 34073792 PMCID: PMC8197193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed at developing an analysis method, which was optimized and validated to determine the content of mercury in skin lightening cream discovered in the market in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, through the use of microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES). The optimization on the analysis method was conducted on pump rate, viewing position, and reductant concentration in order to obtain the highest mercury emission intensity, while the solution stability was optimized to know the stability of mercury in the solution. The result showed that the method developed had precision with a relative standard deviation of 2.67%, recovery value of 92.78%, and linearity with an r value of 0.993, respectively. The sensitivity of the instrument detection had a limit of analysis method detection and quantification of 0.59 and 1.98 µg/L, respectively. The results of the test of the lightening cream (8 of 16 samples) positively contained mercury in the range of 422.61–44,960.79 ng/g. Therefore the method of analysis developed may be used for routine analysis of chemicals in any cosmetics products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardoko I. Qudus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (H.I.Q.); (S.H.); Tel.: +62-811-790-460 (H.I.Q.); +62-813-6905-9733 (S.H.)
| | - Purwadi Purwadi
- Indonesia National Agency of Food and Drug Control, Bandar Lampung 35228, Indonesia;
| | - Iis Holilah
- Public Senior High School 16, Bandar Lampung 35153, Indonesia;
| | - Sutopo Hadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (H.I.Q.); (S.H.); Tel.: +62-811-790-460 (H.I.Q.); +62-813-6905-9733 (S.H.)
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Nurchi VM, Cappai R, Spano N, Sanna G. A Friendly Complexing Agent for Spectrophotometric Determination of Total Iron. Molecules 2021; 26:3071. [PMID: 34063849 PMCID: PMC8196596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron, one of the most common metals in the environment, plays a fundamental role in many biological as well as biogeochemical processes, which determine its availability in different oxidation states. Its relevance in environmental and industrial chemistry, human physiology, and many other fields has made it necessary to develop and optimize analysis techniques for accurate determination. Spectrophotometric methods are the most frequently applied in the analytical determination of iron in real samples. Taking advantage of the fact that desferrioxamine B, a trihydroxamic acid used since the 1970s in chelation therapy for iron overload treatment, forms a single stable 1:1 complex with iron in whichever oxidation state it can be found, a smart spectrophotometric method for the analytical determination of iron concentration was developed. In particular, the full compliance with the Lambert-Beer law, the range of iron concentration, the influence of pH, and the interference of other metal ions have been taken into account. The proposed method was validated in terms of LoD, LoQ, linearity, precision, and trueness, and has been applied for total iron determination in natural water certified material and in biological reference materials such as control human urine and control serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria M. Nurchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Rosita Cappai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Nadia Spano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Gavino Sanna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
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Duncan BR, Hasegawa M, Marshall DA, Gonzalez-Cuyar LF, Paulsen M, Kobayashi M, Maravilla KR, Simpson CD. Variability in hair gadolinium concentrations among decedents who received gadolinium-based contrast agents. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1571-1582. [PMID: 33506336 PMCID: PMC10537202 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study utilized laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to quantify gadolinium in the hair of autopsy cases that had received gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) before death. Consecutive autopsy cases were reviewed for GBCA injections and subjects who received a single type of GBCA in the year before death were included. Hair samples were analyzed using LA-ICP-MS as a line scan technique and parameters were optimized to maximize instrument sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. Linear regression analyses between hair measures and gadolinium dose were executed. LA-ICP-MS analysis produced a time-resolved record of GCBA exposure, with the position of the gadolinium peak maxima along the hair shaft providing a good estimate for the day that GBCA injection occurred (R2 = 0.46; p = 0.0022); however, substantial within and between subject variation in the position of the GBCA peak was observed. Average area under the curve for gadolinium peaks in the hair samples was a better predictor of gadolinium dose (R2 = 0.41; p = 0.0046), compared to the average of peak maxima concentration. Correlation between area under the curve and dose suggests that LA-ICP-MS analysis of hair may be an effective method to evaluate gadolinium levels in subjects in vivo after exposure to GBCAs. This study demonstrates that analysis of human hair using techniques with high spatial resolution such as LA-ICP-MS has excellent potential to reveal time-dependent signatures of past exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne R Duncan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Exponent, Inc., Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA.
| | - Makoto Hasegawa
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Radiology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, 153-8515, Japan
| | - Desiree A Marshall
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Luis F Gonzalez-Cuyar
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Michael Paulsen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Masahiro Kobayashi
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kenneth R Maravilla
- Radiology & Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Magnetic Resonance Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Christopher D Simpson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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Fleissig E, Apenbrinck E, Zhang X, Barr CC. Vitamin Analysis Comparison Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 222:202-205. [PMID: 32828875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared and analyzed the concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and copper in both national and regional brands of dietary supplements recommended for patients who are at risk for macular degeneration. DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS National brand name and generic multivitamin formulations for age-related macular degeneration were obtained. Comparative analysis of the vitamin C and vitamin E content was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the zinc and copper content was analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy in an institutional chemistry laboratory. RESULTS All national brand name vitamins, both tablet and gel capsule formulations, and generic brands in tablet form were relatively accurate in their product labeling. For most of the samples tested, the measured quantities of vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and copper were slightly higher than labeled but not to an amount that would cause any systemic toxicity if taken at the recommended dosages. CONCLUSIONS Physicians may recommend national brand name vitamins and generic brands in tablet form to their patients with some confidence; however, the content may have some inaccuracies regarding labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Fleissig
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Eddie Apenbrinck
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Charles C Barr
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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57
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Eitaki Y, Nakano M, Omae K, Hirata M, Tanaka A, Miyauchi H, Takebayashi T. [Analysis of indium in indoor air in the workplace by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry]. Sangyo Eiseigaku Zasshi 2021; 63:1-5. [PMID: 32522897 DOI: 10.1539/sangyoeisei.2020-021-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Eitaki
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Makiko Nakano
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuyuki Omae
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Miyuki Hirata
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Akiyo Tanaka
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Hiroyuki Miyauchi
- Department of Environmental Management, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
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Tatarková M, Baška T, Ulbrichtová R, Kuka S, Sovičová M, Štefanová E, Malobická E, Hudečková H. Determination of Cadmium and Chromium in Fruit Spirits Intended for Own Consumption Using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2021; 64:213-217. [PMID: 35285443 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2022.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Analysis of the occurrence of cadmium and chromium in selected samples of fruit spirits intended for own consumption. MATERIAL AND METHODS In our pilot study, we analysed 89 samples of fruit spirits intended for own consumption. The samples were mineralized with use of microwave decomposition system MULTIWAVE 60 50 Hz and analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry with a graphite furnace (AAS GBC XPLORAA 5000 with GF 5000). RESULTS Most of the analysed samples originated from plums (39), apples (38) and pears (5). The average ethanol concentration was 53.7%. Cadmium and chromium were detected in all samples. The highest concentration of chromium and cadmium was found in the apple spirit (31.9 ± 6.6 μg/l and 40.1 ± 8.3 μg/l). CONCLUSIONS The ethanol concentration in the samples was higher than in distribution spirits. Concentrations of chromium in all samples did not exceed the limit given by the Slovak legislation or the limit of the AMPHORA. The permissible cadmium concentration (10 μg/l according to the AMPHORA) was exceeded in 9 samples. This indicates the potential importance of cadmium compared to chromium. Due to the lack of information in this field, the study presents an important starting point for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Tatarková
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Tibor Baška
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Romana Ulbrichtová
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Stanislav Kuka
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslava Sovičová
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eliška Štefanová
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Malobická
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Henrieta Hudečková
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Lazaridou E, Kabir A, Furton KG, Anthemidis A. A Novel Glass Fiber Coated with Sol-Gel Poly-Diphenylsiloxane Sorbent for the On-Line Determination of Toxic Metals Using Flow Injection Column Preconcentration Platform Coupled with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010009. [PMID: 33375078 PMCID: PMC7792807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel simple and sensitive, time-based flow injection solid phase extraction system was developed for the automated determination of metals at low concentration. The potential of the proposed scheme, coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), was demonstrated for trace lead and chromium(VI) determination in environmental water samples. The method, which was based on a new sorptive extraction system, consisted of a microcolumn packed with glass fiber coated with sol-gel poly (diphenylsiloxane) (sol-gel PDPS), which is presented here for the first time. The analytical procedure involves the on-line chelate complex formation of target species with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC), retention onto the hydrophobic sol-gel sorbent coated surface of glass fibers, and finally elution with methyl isobutyl ketone prior to atomization. All main chemical and hydrodynamic factors, which affect the complex formation, retention, and elution of the metal, were optimized thoroughly. Furthermore, the tolerance to potential interfering ions appearing in environmental samples was also explored. Enhancement factors of 215 and 70, detection limits (3 s) of 1.1 μg·L-1 and 1.2 μg·L-1, and relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3.0% (at 20.0 μg·L-1) and 3.2% (at 20.0 μg·L-1) were obtained for lead and chromium(VI), respec tively, for 120 s preconcentration time. The trueness of the developed method was estimated by analyzing certified reference materials and spiked environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Lazaridou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33131, USA; (A.K.); (K.G.F.)
| | - Kenneth G. Furton
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33131, USA; (A.K.); (K.G.F.)
| | - Aristidis Anthemidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-99-7826
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Sajid M, Kabeer M, Falath W. Development of Membrane-Based Inverted Liquid-Liquid Extraction for the Simultaneous Extraction of Eight Metals in Seawater before ICP-OES Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:E3395. [PMID: 32727030 PMCID: PMC7435372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we developed an extraction technique that can handle simple as well as complex matrixed liquid (aqueous) samples. In the standard liquid-liquid extraction, it is quite challenging to deal with complex liquid samples as they may complicate the process of phase separation and may lead to the formation of multiple layers. To resolve this issue, we have proposed a simple but unique idea that suggests the packing of the liquid samples inside a porous membrane bag. The edges of the membrane bag can be sealed using an electrical heat-sealer. The porous membrane bag filled with the liquid sample was immersed in an extraction solvent, and the extraction process was assisted by mechanical shaking. In order to demonstrate the proof of concept, a method was developed for the extraction of metals from seawater samples. The pH-adjusted sample, along with the complexing reagent, was packed inside the porous membrane bag, and the chelated complex was then extracted by immersing and shaking the bag inside the organic solvent. The solvent was then evaporated, and the chelated complex was dissolved/digested in acid with the aid of the heat. The final extract was subjected to Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis. The proposed method was used for extraction of eight metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) from seawater samples and good extraction recoveries (75-94%) were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (W.F.)
| | - Muhamed Kabeer
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (W.F.)
| | - Wail Falath
- Center for Environment and Water, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.K.); (W.F.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Zambrzycka-Szelewa E, Nalewajko-Sieliwoniuk E, Zaremba M, Bajguz A, Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz B. The Mineral Profile of Polish Beers by Fast Sequential Multielement HR CS FAAS Analysis and Its Correlation with Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity by Chemometric Methods. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153402. [PMID: 32727164 PMCID: PMC7436273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Beer is the most common alcoholic beverage worldwide, and is an excellent source of macro- and microelements, as well as phenolic compounds. In this study, a fast method for the determination of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Cu in beer was developed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The precision of this method was between 0.8 and 8.0% (as the relative standard deviation (RSD)), and limits of detections were in the range of 0.45 (Mn)–94 µg/L (Na). Among the macroelements tested in the beer samples, K was found at the highest concentration, whereas Na was found at the lowest concentration level. Beer also turned out to be a good source of Mg and K. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while the antioxidant activity was estimated by the ABTS method. The results show remarkable variations in the mineral content, TPC, and antioxidant activity across the beer types and brands. Moreover, the relations between the type, color, refraction index, antioxidant activity, extract, alcohol, mineral, and the total phenolic contents were investigated using the factor analysis of mixed data (FAMD) combined with hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland; (E.Z.-S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Edyta Nalewajko-Sieliwoniuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland; (E.Z.-S.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (E.N.-S.); (B.G.-Ż.)
| | - Mariusz Zaremba
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland; (E.Z.-S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Beata Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland; (E.Z.-S.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (E.N.-S.); (B.G.-Ż.)
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Dos Santos Alves JP, da Mata Cerqueira UMF, Novaes CG, Barreto JA, Dos Santos Trindade J, Araújo SA, Bezerra MA. An alkaline dissolution-based method using tetramethylammonium hydroxide for metals determination in cow milk samples. Food Chem 2020; 334:127559. [PMID: 32711270 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study approaches the development of a method for the determination of Ca, Mg, Zn, and Fe in liquid and powdered cow milk. The method is based on sample dissolution assisted by ultrasound energy in tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) media and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Central composite design (CCD) associated with response surface methodology and desirability function allowed the fast and efficient optimization of the variables involved in the performance of the dissolution. The developed dissolution method allowed Ca, Fe, Zn, and Mg determination in milk samples with adequate analytical characteristics for these determinations. Addition/recovery tests and analysis of a certified reference material of skimmed powdered milk (ERM-BD150) have shown that this method presents enough accuracy to carry out these analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cleber Galvão Novaes
- Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Alves Barreto
- Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Joabes Dos Santos Trindade
- Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sulene Alves Araújo
- Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcos Almeida Bezerra
- Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil.
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Abstract
Trace elements and minerals are compounds that are essential for the support of a variety of biological functions and play an important role in the formation of and the defense against oxidative stress. Here we describe a technique, allowing sequential detection of the trace elements (K, Zn, Se, Cu, Mn, Fe, Mg) in serum and whole blood by an ICP-MS method using single work-up, which is a simple, quick and robust method for the sequential measurement and quantification of the trace elements Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Magnesium (Mg) in whole blood as well as Copper (Cu), Selenium (Se), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), Gold (Au) and Lithium (Li) in human serum. For analysis, only 100 μl of serum or whole blood is sufficient, which make this method suitable for detecting trace element deficiency or excess in newborns and infants. All samples were processed and analyzed by ICP-MS (Agilent Technologies). The accuracy, precision, linearity and the limit of quantification (LOQ), Limit of Blank (LOB) and the limit of detection (LOD) of the method were assessed. Recovery rates were between 80–130% for most of the analyzed elements; repeatabilities (Cv %) calculated were below 15% for most of the measured elements. The validity of the proposed methodology was assessed by analyzing a certified human serum and whole blood material with known concentrations for all elements; the method described is ready for routine use in biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Laur
- Furtwangen University, Institute of Precision Medicine, VS-Schwenningen, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Cellbiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Swiss Analysis AG, Tägerwilen, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Kinscherf
- Department of Anatomy and Cellbiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Lars Kaiser
- Furtwangen University, Institute of Precision Medicine, VS-Schwenningen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg i. Br, Germany
| | - Otto Knes
- Swiss Analysis AG, Tägerwilen, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Furtwangen University, Institute of Precision Medicine, VS-Schwenningen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute IZI, Leipzig, EXIM Department, Schillingallee, Rostock, Germany
- Tuebingen University, Faculty of Science, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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64
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Abstract
Depth profiling investigation plays an important role in studying the dynamic processes of the ocean. In this paper, a newly developed hyphenated underwater system based on multi-optical spectrometry is introduced and used to measure seawater spectra at different depths with the aid of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The hyphenated system consists of two independent compact deep-sea spectral instruments, a deep ocean compact autonomous Raman spectrometer and a compact underwater laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system for sea applications (LIBSea). The former was used to take both Raman scattering and fluorescence of seawater, and the LIBS signal could be recorded with the LIBSea. The first sea trial of the developed system was taken place in the Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea, in June 2015. Over 4000 multi-optical spectra had been captured up to the diving depth about 1800 m at maximum. The depth profiles of some ocean parameters were extracted from the captured joint Raman-fluorescence and LIBS spectra with a depth resolution of 1 m. The concentrations of SO42- and the water temperatures were measured using Raman spectra. The fluorescence intensities from both colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and chlorophyll were found to be varied in the euphotic zone. With LIBS spectra, the depth profiles of metallic elements were also obtained. The normalized intensity of atomic line Ca(I) extracted from LIBS spectra raised around the depth of 1600 m, similar to the depth profile of CDOM. This phenomenon might be caused by the nonbuoyant hydrothermal plumes. It is worth mentioning that this is the first time Raman and LIBS spectroscopy have been applied simultaneously to the deep-sea in situ investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangquan Ye
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinjia Guo
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Fujun Qi
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ronger Zheng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Vicente Vilas V, Millet S, Sandow M, Iglesias Pérez L, Serrano-Purroy D, Van Winckel S, Aldave de las Heras L. An Automated SeaFAST ICP-DRC-MS Method for the Determination of 90Sr in Spent Nuclear Fuel Leachates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061429. [PMID: 32245155 PMCID: PMC7144365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce uncertainties in determining the source term and evolving condition of spent nuclear fuel is fundamental to the safety assessment. ß-emitting nuclides pose a challenging task for reliable, quantitative determination because both radiometric and mass spectrometric methodologies require prior chemical purification for the removal of interfering activity and isobars, respectively. A method for the determination of 90Sr at trace levels in nuclear spent fuel leachate samples without sophisticated and time-consuming procedures has been established. The analytical approach uses a commercially available automated pre-concentration device (SeaFAST) coupled to an ICP-DRC-MS. The method shows good performances with regard to reproducibility, precision, and LOD reducing the total time of analysis for each sample to 12.5 min. The comparison between the developed method and the classical radiochemical method shows a good agreement when taking into account the associated uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Vicente Vilas
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany; (V.V.V.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.S.-P.); (S.V.W.)
| | - Sylvain Millet
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany; (V.V.V.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.S.-P.); (S.V.W.)
| | - Miguel Sandow
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany; (V.V.V.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.S.-P.); (S.V.W.)
| | - Luis Iglesias Pérez
- Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Daniel Serrano-Purroy
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany; (V.V.V.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.S.-P.); (S.V.W.)
| | - Stefaan Van Winckel
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany; (V.V.V.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.S.-P.); (S.V.W.)
| | - Laura Aldave de las Heras
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Nuclear Safety and Security, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany; (V.V.V.); (S.M.); (M.S.); (D.S.-P.); (S.V.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7247-951-357
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Isibor PO, Imoobe TOT, Enuneku AA, Akinduti PA, Dedeke GA, Adagunodo TA, Obafemi DY. Principal Components and Hierarchical Cluster Analyses of Trace Metals and Total Hydrocarbons in Gills, Intestines and Muscles of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Sci Rep 2020; 10:5180. [PMID: 32198448 PMCID: PMC7083867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to comparatively analyze the interrelationships among iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and total hydrocarbons (THCs) in the gills, intestines and muscles of Clarias gariepinus collected from Osse River, Nigeria, between the periods of April, 2013 to September, 2014. The trace metals in the fish tissues were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS, Philips model PU 9100), while total hydrocarbons were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC,Prominence Dual brand from HGE) equipped with a detector Shimadzu UV-Visible (UV-Vis Prominence SPD 20 A). The concentrations of trace metals and THCs in the tissues were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), in conjunction with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), backed up by correlation analysis (CA). In the most prioritized component among the hierarchies of contaminants, characterized as principal component 1, results of communality extractions and rotated component matrices revealed the order of contaminants was Mn > Cu > Zn > Fe > Cr in the intestines, Cr > Cu > THCs > Mn > Fe in the muscle, while Pb > Cr > Fe > Mn was the order in the gills of the fish. Iron inhibited accumulation of the other trace metals in the gills, where its threshold of essentiality was maximal. Noteworthy is the fact that Mn and Cu were the most active components in the muscle and concurrently of excess concentrations in the tissue, which is the major edible part of fish, and constitutes its main body weight, hence holds its nutritional and economic values. High level of variability which occurred in the toxicant profile across the tissues of C. gariepinus is a function of uptake route, varied organ functions and specificity of tissue permeability of the compared organs. The study demonstrated variability in organ accumulation capacity and toxicant's competitiveness irrespective of bioavailability. The study provides data useful for future ecotoxicological studies and safety of consumers of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Omoregie Isibor
- Department of Biological Science, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Tunde O Thaddeus Imoobe
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Alex Ajeh Enuneku
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, University of Benin, P.M.B. 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Paul Akinniyi Akinduti
- Department of Biological Science, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Gabriel Adewunmi Dedeke
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Dorcas Yemisi Obafemi
- Department of Biological Science, Covenant University, P.M.B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Gregório BJR, Pereira AM, Fernandes SR, Matos E, Castanheira F, Almeida AA, Fonseca AJM, Cabrita ARJ, Segundo MA. Flow-Based Dynamic Approach to Assess Bioaccessible Zinc in Dry Dog Food Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061333. [PMID: 32183441 PMCID: PMC7144096 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This work proposes a simple and easy-to-use flow-through system for the implementation of dynamic extractions, aiming at the evaluation of bioaccessible zinc and the characterization of leaching kinetics in dry dog food samples. The kinetic profile of Zn extraction was determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and the results were fitted in an exponential function (R2 > 0.960) compatible with a two first-order reactions model. Values of fast leachable Zn ranged from 83 ± 1 to 313 ± 5 mg of Zn per kg of sample, with associated rate constants ranging from 0.162 ± 0.004 to 0.290 ± 0.014 min−1. Similar results were observed compared to the static batch extraction. The percentage of bioaccessible Zn ranged from 49.0 to 70.0%, with an average value of 58.2% in relation to total Zn content. Principal component analysis regarding the variables fast leachable Zn, associated rate constant, total Zn, and market segment, has shown that 84.6% of variance is explained by two components, where the second component (24.0%) presented loadings only for the fast leachable Zn and associated rate constant. The proposed method is suitable for the fast evaluation (<1 h) of leaching kinetics and bioaccessibility in dry dog food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno J. R. Gregório
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (B.J.R.G.); (S.R.F.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ana Margarida Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (A.J.M.F.); (A.R.J.C.)
| | - Sara R. Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (B.J.R.G.); (S.R.F.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Elisabete Matos
- SORGAL, Sociedade de Óleos e Rações S.A., Estrada Nacional 109, Lugar da Pardala, 3880-728 S. João Ovar, Portugal;
| | - Francisco Castanheira
- Alltechaditivos—Alimentação Animal Lda., Parque de Monserrate, Av. Dr. Luis Sá n 9 - Arm. A, 2710-089 Abrunheira, Portugal;
| | - Agostinho A. Almeida
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (B.J.R.G.); (S.R.F.); (A.A.A.)
| | - António J. M. Fonseca
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (A.J.M.F.); (A.R.J.C.)
| | - Ana Rita J. Cabrita
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.P.); (A.J.M.F.); (A.R.J.C.)
| | - Marcela A. Segundo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (B.J.R.G.); (S.R.F.); (A.A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22042-8676
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68
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Abolurin OO, Oyelami OA, Oseni SB. A comparative study of the prevalence of zinc deficiency among children with acute diarrhoea in SouthWestern Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:406-412. [PMID: 33402929 PMCID: PMC7750047 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc deficiency has been associated with increased incidence, severity and duration of childhood diarrhoea. Objective The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency among under-five children with acute diarrhoea. Methods The study was a comparative cross-sectional study in which serum zinc levels were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry in under-five children with acute diarrhoea and in apparently healthy contols. Two hundred and fifty children with acute diarrhoea and 250 controls were studied at the Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria. Results The diarrhoea patients had a mean ± SD serum zinc level of 78.8 ± 35.6 µg/dl, while the controls had a mean of 107.3 ± 46.8 µg/dl. The mean serum zinc level was significantly lower in the patients than the controls (t = -7.66; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of zinc deficiency was significantly higher among the patients (30.4% versus 12.4% in the controls; OR = 3.09; 95% CI = 1.94 – 4.90; χ2 = 24.08; p < 0.001). Low social class was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of zinc deficiency among the patients (p = 0.013). Conclusion Zinc deficiency is significantly associated with diarrhoea among under-five children in the study community. Hence, routine zinc supplementation should be encouraged for the treatment of diarrhoea, and availability should be ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunmilola O Abolurin
- Department of Paediatrics, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Oyeku A Oyelami
- Department of Paediatrics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Saheed B Oseni
- Department of Paediatrics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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69
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Almani S, Talpur FN, Memon N, Afridi HI. Selenium Contents in Different Types of Raw and Processed Meat Products, Consumed Among the General Population of Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:357-363. [PMID: 31020514 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to generate a database for selenium (Se) content present in minced and processed meat products abundantly available in the market and to estimate the dietary Se intake in different types of minced/raw and processed meat in Pakistan. The concentration of Se was determined in meat samples of different brands of beef, chicken, and mutton, consumed among the local population of different cities of Pakistan. For pretreatment of the meat samples, microwave-assisted acid digestion procedure (MAD) was developed for the Se analysis in the meat samples of different brands. The validity of the designed method was checked by certified reference samples of BOVM-1 (bovine muscle certified reference material 1). Digested meat samples were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results showed that among different meat types, average Se concentration of beef was close to those of chicken samples. The mean Se concentration in the meat observed in reducing order was established in mutton (120 μg/kg), beef (91 μg/kg), and chicken (90 μg/kg). These results suggest that mutton and chicken samples have significant differences in their average concentrations. There was no significant difference in the average concentration of beef and chicken (p > 0.05), while there was a significant difference in average concentrations of Se in beef and mutton (p < 0.01) meat samples. Mutton minced meat contains higher Se than different branded processed products. As far as variation in brands was concern among mutton samples, B1-minced mutton meat sample contain higher Se (107 μg/kg) followed by B3-shish kabab (123 μg/kg) and B3-meat balls (129 μg/kg). Among minced and processed chicken products, Se ranged from 83 to 97 μg/kg. Whereas in beef samples, B1-minced meat and B3-chapli kabab contain higher Se, i.e., 99 and 92 μg/kg respectively compared with other beef brands. Taking into account, the average daily intake of meat by Pakistani's, the dietary Se daily intake was 4.184, 9.263, and 6.605 μg per capita for mutton, beef, and chicken, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahneela Almani
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Farah Naz Talpur
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Najma Memon
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
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70
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Moreno-Andrade I, Regidor-Alfageme E, Durazo A, Field JA, Umlauf K, Sierra-Alvarez R. LC-ICP-OES method for antimony speciation analysis in liquid samples. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2020; 55:457-463. [PMID: 31905046 PMCID: PMC7380449 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1707565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A method for the analysis of different species of antimony (Sb) that couples liquid chromatography with an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (LC-ICP-OES) system is presented. The method is simple and reliable to separate and quantify directly and simultaneously Sb(III) and Sb(V) in aqueous samples. The calibration curves showed high linearity at the three wavelengths tested. The limits of detection ranged from 24.9 to 32.3 μg/L for Sb(III) and from 36.2 to 46.0 μg/L for Sb(V), at the three wavelengths evaluated. The limit of detection for this method varied depending on the wavelength used. The lowest limit of quantification for Sb(V) (49.9 μg/L) and Sb(III) (80.7 μg/L) was obtained at a wavelength of 217.582 nm. The method sensitivity for Sb(V) was higher compared to Sb(III) at all the wavelengths considered. Samples containing different concentrations of Sb(III) and Sb(V) in three different matrices, i.e., water, basal culture medium, and anaerobic sludge plus basal medium, were analyzed. The coefficients of variation were low and ranged from 0.1 to 5.0 depending on the sample matrix. Recoveries of Sb(III) and Sb(V) were higher than 90% independently of the matrix analyzed and the wavelength used in the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Moreno-Andrade
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Unidad Académica Juriquilla, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Enrique Regidor-Alfageme
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Armando Durazo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jim A. Field
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kelly Umlauf
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Wathudura PD, Peiris C, Navarathna CM, Mlsna TE, Kaumal MN, Vithanage M, Gunatilake SR. Microwave and open vessel digestion methods for biochar. Chemosphere 2020; 239:124788. [PMID: 31521935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Digestion of biomass derived carbonaceous materials such as biochar (BC) can be challenging due to their high chemical recalcitrance and vast variations in composition. Reports on the development of specific sample digestion methods for such materials remain inadequate and thus require considerable attention. Nine different carbonaceous materials; slow-pyrolyzed tea-waste and king coconut BC produced at 300 °C, 500 °C and 700 °C, sludge waste BC produced at 700 °C, wet fast-pyrolyzed Douglas-Fir BC and steam activated coconut shell BC have been tested to evaluate a relatively fast and convenient open-vessel digestion method using seven digestion reagents including nitric acid (NA), fuming nitric acid (FNA), sulfuric acid (SA), NA/SA, FNA/SA, NA/H2O2 and SA/H2O2 mixtures. From the tested digestion reagents, SA/H2O2 mixture dissolved low temperature produced BC (LTBC) within 2 h with occasional shaking and no external heating. Except peroxide mixtures, the other reagents were used to evaluate microwave digestion (MWD) efficiency. Nitric acid mixture was capable of only completely digesting LTBC in the MWD procedure whereas FNA, NA/SA and FNA/SA mixtures resulted in the successful dissolution of all tested carbonaceous materials. Amongst them, FNA provided the least matrix effect in the quantification of the four metals tested using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Tested recoveries for FNA were satisfactory as well. It was concluded that FNA is a preferable reagent for microwave digestion of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathum D Wathudura
- College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Rajagiriya, CO 10107, Sri Lanka
| | - Chathuri Peiris
- College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Rajagiriya, CO 10107, Sri Lanka; Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, CO 00300, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Todd E Mlsna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA
| | - M N Kaumal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colombo, CO 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Sameera R Gunatilake
- College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Rajagiriya, CO 10107, Sri Lanka.
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72
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Komendova R. The HR-CS-GF-AAS determination and preconcentration of palladium in contaminated urban areas, especially in lichens. Environ Pollut 2020; 256:113468. [PMID: 31679880 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing content of platinum group metal particles emitted into the environment by car traffic is gradually attracting the attention of the scientific community. However, the methods for the determination of platinum group metals in environmental matrices are either costly or suffer from low sensitivity. To facilitate the use of less sensitive, but significantly cheaper, devices, the preconcentration of platinum group metals is employed. For platinum, a multitude of preconcentration approaches have been published. On the contrary, the preconcentration approaches for palladium are still rare. In this work, the development, optimization, and testing of a new approach is described; it is based on a preconcentration of palladium on octadecyl modified silica gel together with the complexing agent dimethylglyoxime, and it is then analyzed with the high-resolution continuum-source atomic absorption spectrometry. For comparison, a newly developed sorbent, QuadraSil™ TA, with a high affinity for platinum group metals was also tested. The preconcentraiton approach was tested on the lichen Hypogymnia physodes, which served as a bioindicator of palladium emissions. The case study site was a mid-sized city in central Europe: Brno, Czech Republic. The dry "bag" monitoring technique was used to collect the palladium near roads with a large span of traffic density. The developed analytical approach confirmed an increasing concentration of palladium with increasing exposure time and intensity of the traffic. Consequently, a simple relationship between the amount of bioaccumulated palladium and traffic density was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Komendova
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, Brno, Czech Republic.
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73
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Şahin İ, Durak BY, Sağsöz O, Büyükpınar Ç, Bakırdere S. Optimization of T-shape slotted quartz tube with exit holes-atom trap-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry system for the accurate and sensitive determination of tellurium in tap water. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 192:61. [PMID: 31865447 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-8043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tellurium has been widely used in industrial processes and daily life products, and can cause serious health problems upon exposure. Therefore, determination of tellurium in real-life samples is very crucial. In this study, an accurate, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive analytical method was developed to determine trace levels of tellurium in water samples. To lower the detection limits, system parameters including flame type, acetylene flow rate, slotted quartz tube (T-SQT) height, and trapping period were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were calculated as 14.1 ng/mL and 47.1 ng/mL, respectively. For recovery studies, the optimized T-SQT-AT-FAAS method was applied to tap water samples to determine trace levels of tellurium and recovery results were found between 91.1 and 111.3%. Relative standard deviation value (%RSD) of the developed method was found to be less than 5.0% even for the lowest concentration in calibration plot, specifying good accuracy and high applicability of the method for water samples. Graphical abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- İpek Şahin
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Yılmaz Durak
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Oğuzhan Sağsöz
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Büyükpınar
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34220, İstanbul, Turkey.
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74
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Abstract
The resolution of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) elemental bioimaging is usually constrained by the diameter of the laser spot size and is often not adequate to explore in situ subcellular distributions of elements and proteins in biological tissue sections. Super-resolution reconstruction is a method typically used for many imaging modalities and combines multiple lower resolution images to create a higher resolution image. Here, we present a super-resolution reconstruction method for LA-ICP-MS imaging by ablating consecutive layers of a biological specimen with offset orthogonal scans, resulting in a 10× improvement in resolution for quantitative measurement of dystrophin in murine muscle fibers. Layer-by-layer image reconstruction was also extended to the third dimension without the requirement of image registration across multiple thin section specimens. Quantitative super-resolution reconstruction, combined with Gaussian filtering and application of the Richardson-Lucy total variation algorithm, provided superior image clarity and fidelity in two- and three-dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika T. Westerhausen
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - David P. Bishop
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Annette Dowd
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Nerida Cole
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Philip A. Doble
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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75
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Ionescu C, Grill P, Witte H, Boigues C, Blanchard A, Löffler B, Michalke B. Accurate quantification of metal-glycinates-sulphate complexes and free metals in feed by capillary electrophoresis inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:207-212. [PMID: 31541895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Traceability of metal-glycinate-sulphate complexes (Metal-GLY) in feed requires specific analysis to differentiate complexes from inorganic forms. A previously described method focused on the quantification of Metal-GLY at one single concentration but not on the quantification of free metal ion forms. The objective of this work was to extend the method to quantify both Metal-GLY and free metal ion forms of various metals at low inclusion levels. A 50/50 w/w mix of corn flour and soybean meal was used as feed. Copper-glycinate(Cu-GLY), Manganese-glycinate (Mn-GLY) and Zinc-glycinate (Zn-GLY) complexes (provided by Pancosma SA) were used for in-feed inclusions. The feed metal background concentrations and species repartitions were assessed. Cu-GLY was spiked on feed at levels matching 5, 15 and 45 mg/kg, corresponding to metal concentrations of 1.2, 3.6 and 10.8 mg/kg. Mn-GLY and Zn-GLY were spiked at 15, 45 and 100 mg/kg, corresponding to 3.3, 9.9, 22 mg/kg Mn and 3.9, 11.7, 26mg/kg Zn, respectively. The water soluble fraction of un-supplemented feed contained 0.06 mg/kg Cu, 0.05 mg/kg Mn and 0.12 mg/kg Zn, with 69.5% of Cu, 33.2% of Mn and 24.3% of Zn being present under free metal ions but 30.4% of Cu being present under Cu-GLY, 66.82% of Mn and 75.7% of Zn being present under Mn-GLY and Zn-GLY, respectively. The supplemented feeds at the 3 tested doses, from the lowest to the highest inclusion levels, contained in total respectively: 1.1, 3.05 and 9.06 mg/kg Cu; 2.99, 8.9 and 18.2 mg/kg Mn; 3.72, 10.9 and 23.4 mg/kg Zn. The M-GLY species recovered by analysis within the different supplemented feeds ranged from 76.26 to 89.32% for Cu-GLY, form 94.5 to 98.51% for Mn-GLY and from 76.05 to 98.96% for Zn-GLY. These results showed that CE-ICP-MS technique can be used to quantify low doses and to measure metal-species repartition between Metal-GLY and free metal ions, when included in feeds. For the first time, this study highlighted that the raw materials used contain Metal-GLY compounds. This raises the question of the occurrence of these compounds within the different raw materials used in feed production that could dramatically affect the way to supplement minerals in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Grill
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Research Unit: Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Heidi Witte
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Research Unit: Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | | | | | - Bärbel Löffler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Research Unit: Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Research Unit: Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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76
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Altundag H, Dundar MS, Doganci S, Celik M, Tuzen M. The Use of a Sequential Extraction Procedure for Heavy Metal Analysis of House Dusts by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. J AOAC Int 2019; 96:166-70. [PMID: 23513973 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.11-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In general, dust is considered as house or street dust. Indoor dust, as a contamination source, has been studied for many years. In this work, the original Community Bureau of Reference of the European Commission (BCR) three-stage sequential extraction procedure was applied to the fractionation of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in 20 house dust samples from five different areas of Sakarya, Turkey. Acetic acid, hydroxylammonium chloride, and hydrogen peroxide plus ammonium acetate were used for the first, second, and third steps of the BCR method, respectively. The extracts were analyzed for the studied heavy metals using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Validation of the results was performed by using a standard reference material (BCR 701 Sediment) to certify the experimental results obtained and to evaluate the reliability of the method used. The elemental loadings typically increased in magnitude according to the area order: İzmit Caddesi>Ankara Caddesi>Erenler>Karaman>Korucuk. The results were in agreement with values reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Altundag
- Sakarya University, Department of Chemistry, Esentepe Campus, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey.
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77
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Senila M, Cadar O, Senila L, Hoaghia A, Miu I. Mercury Determination in Natural Zeolites by Thermal Decomposition Atomic Absorption Spectrometry: Method Validation in Compliance with Requirements for Use as Dietary Supplements. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224023. [PMID: 31698864 PMCID: PMC6891468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural zeolites are hydrated aluminosilicate minerals that, due to their remarkable physical-chemical properties of being molecular sieves and cation exchangers, have applications in different areas such as environmental protection, catalysis, animal feed, and dietary supplements. Since natural zeolites may contain traces of undesirable compounds such as toxic metals, the accurate quantification of these elements is necessary. In this study, a direct method for Hg determination in zeolite samples based on the thermal desorption atomic absorption spectrometry (TD-AAS) technique is fully validated, taking into account the legislative requirements in the field. The chosen quantification limit was 0.9 µg kg−1, which is satisfactory for intended use. Trueness was evaluated by recovery rate using certified reference materials containing mercury, with satisfactory results. Other figures of merit, such as repeatability and measurement uncertainty, also fulfill the legislative requirements related to the analysis of dietary supplements. This paper presents, for the first time, a fully validated method for mercury determination in zeolite samples, and the obtained results reveal that the method can be applied successfully for the intended purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (L.S.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-420-590
| | - Oana Cadar
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (L.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Lacrimioara Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (L.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Alexandra Hoaghia
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (L.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Ion Miu
- SC UTCHIM SRL, 12 Buda Street, 240127 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania;
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78
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Cruijsen H, Poitevin E, Brunelle SL. Determination of Minerals and Trace Elements in Milk, Milk Products, Infant Formula, and Adult Nutrition: Collaborative Study 2011.14 Method Modification. J AOAC Int 2019; 102:1845-1863. [PMID: 31208495 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.19-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Official MethodSM 2011.14/ISO 15151:2018/IDF 229:2018 uses microwave digestion of samples and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry for determination of nine elements, including Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn. The method was evaluated in a collaborative study of 25 products, including 13 fortified nutritional products (powders, ready-to-feed liquids, and liquid concentrates), five product placebos, six dairy products (liquids, powders, butter, and processed cheese), and the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1849a, in compliance with AOAC INTERNATIONAL Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) 2014.004. This study significantly expanded the applicability of Official Method 2011.14 beyond the original scope of chocolate milk powder, dietetic milk powder, infant cereal, peanut butter, and wheat gluten. The study included 14 collaborators from 11 countries, and results were compared to SMPR 2014.004. Accuracy of the method was demonstrated using NIST SRM 1849a, yielding recoveries across all laboratories of 98-101% for the nine elements. Precision for the 13 fortified nutritional product samples was 2.2-3.9% for repeatability (relative SD of repeatability) and 6.0-12.2% for reproducibility (RSDR). Excluding Mn, which was present at a wide range of concentrations, the reproducibility was 6.0-9.5%, meeting the performance requirements of SMPR 2014.004. Placebo samples (not fortified with Cu, Fe, Mn, or Zn) yielded acceptable repeatability of 1.8-2.9% for Ca, K, Mg, Na, and P (minerals) but 5.4-29.4% for the low levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn (trace elements). Reproducibility for the placebos showed the same pattern, with acceptable reproducibility (5.4-10.3%) for minerals but not for the low levels of the trace elements (13.2-82.8%). In the six dairy product samples, repeatability ranged from 1.6 to 3.6% for the minerals, Zn, and the low range of Mn but from 9.4 to 24.6% for Cu, Fe, and the high range of Mn, where concentrations were low as for the nutritional placebos. Reproducibility in the dairy samples was 5.3-8.8% for the minerals but 11.4-55.0% for the trace elements. The mean concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Zn in the dairy products were similar with those in the placebo products, while Zn was present at levels more similar with the fortified nutritional products. Thus, the method met the SMPR criteria except where the trace minerals were present at very low levels. Based on these results, the AOAC Stakeholder Panel for Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals recommended Final Action status of the expanded applicability of the method. The method was adopted as Final Action by the AOAC Official Methods Board.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Cruijsen
- Friesland Campina, Laboratory and Quality Services, P. Stuyvesantweg 1, 8937 AC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Poitevin
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Sharon L Brunelle
- Brunelle Biotech Consulting, 6620 NW Burgundy Dr, Corvallis, OR 97330
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79
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Samejo S, Kazi AG, Afridi HI, Kazi TG. Evaluate the effect of cadmium on levels of zinc in scalp hair and blood samples of smoker and nonsmoker psoriatic patients at different stage. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:31763-31769. [PMID: 31485944 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis, a skin inflammatory disease, originates from dysregulated interactions of the immune system and environmental factors. In the present study, cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) were analyzed in biological samples (blood and scalp hair) of smoker and nonsmoker males who have mild and severe psoriasis. The patients were evaluated according to criteria based on the standard clinical diagnosis and classified into mild and severe psoriasis groups using the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score. Both elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after matrix oxidation. In smoker psoriatic patients, the level of Cd in biological samples was significantly increased. The Zn was significantly decreased in smoker mild and severe psoriatic patients as related to nonsmokers' referents and patients. The resulted data indicated that the levels of Zn in smoker referents were about 5.0% lower than nonsmoker's referents. While the concentrations of Zn in blood samples of nonsmoker's mild and severe psoriatic patients have 17.8 to 33.3% lower than nonsmoker's referents. The results indicate that the level of Cd in blood samples of referent smokers has ≥ 25% than nonsmokers, whereas the psoriatic patients at different stages have two- to threefold higher Cd in both biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraya Samejo
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry (NCEAC), University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Atif G Kazi
- Department of Dermatology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Hassan I Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry (NCEAC), University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Tasneem G Kazi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry (NCEAC), University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
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80
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Aylin Kasa N, Sel S, Özkan BÇ, Bakırdere S. Determination of palladium in soil samples by slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry after vortex-assisted ligandless preconcentration with magnetic nanoparticle-based dispersive solid-phase microextraction. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:692. [PMID: 31667640 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a rapid and effective dispersive solid-phase microextraction (d-SPME) method was developed to preconcentrate Pd from aqueous extract of soil samples by slotted quartz tube-flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SQT-FAAS). The unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were used to directly isolate Pd from the sample solutions without the need for complexation. Significant parameters of the extraction method such as magnetic nanoparticle type and amount, pH and amount of buffer solution, amount of eluent, and mixing type and period were optimized together with other instrumental parameters to boost the absorbance signal of Pd. An SQT was fitted onto the burner head to boost the interaction between Pd atoms and hollow cathode lamp radiation to enhance absorbance signals. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values for Pd determined (d-SPME-MNP-SQT-FAAS) were 6.4 and 21.4 ng/mL, respectively. The percentage relative standard deviation of the developed method was calculated as 6.6%. The method was applied to soil samples taken from the campus area and spiked recovery experiments were performed to evaluate the method's accuracy/applicability. Satisfactory percent recovery results (90-101%) were obtained for different spiked concentrations and this proved the accuracy/applicability of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursu Aylin Kasa
- Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sabriye Sel
- Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Betül Çiçek Özkan
- Faculty of Technology, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Firat University, 23119, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, İstanbul, Turkey.
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81
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Bi Şgi N AT. Surfactant-Assisted Emulsification and Surfactant-Based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Method for Determination of Cu(II) in Food and Water Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. J AOAC Int 2019; 102:1516-1522. [PMID: 31088596 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.19-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Copper (Cu) is an essential metal for humans at certain concentrations. However, it can be toxic at higher concentrations. Therefore, determination of Cu content of foodstuff is important. Objective: The aim of the study was to develop a simple, economical, and environmentally friendly surfactant-mediated extraction method for the determination of Cu using surfactants and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Methods: A nonionic surfactant-assisted emulsification and surfactant-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method was developed for the separation, preconcentration, and determination of Cu by FAAS. Triton X-15 nonionic surfactant, which is insoluble in water, was used as an extractive agent. Triton X-114 (TX-114) nonionic water-soluble surfactant was used as a disperser solvent. Dithizone was used as a complexing agent for complexation of Cu(II) at pH 4. Results: The detection and quantitation limits of the method were determined as 1.61 and 3.82 μg/L, respectively. The preconcentration factor was obtained as 50. Relative SD based on 10 replicates was obtained as 3.7%. Accuracy of the developed method was proved using certified standard reference materials. Cu(II) content of edible mushroom samples was determined between 12 and 19 μg/g. Recoveries were obtained between 96 and 101%. Conclusions: The developed surfactant-assisted emulsification and surfactant-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method has represented the wide linear ranges, low detection limit, and high preconcentration factor for Cu ions. Highlights: TX-114 surfactant was used as both sticking agent and disperser solvent. The method does not require expert personnel and high operational costs. The method is environmentally friendly because mainly surfactants and low-toxicity organic solvents are used in the recommended procedure.
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82
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Budanovic M, Tessensohn ME, Webster RD. Substantially higher concentrations of mercury are detected in airborne particulate matter when using a preservation agent during sample preparation steps. Environ Pollut 2019; 252:637-643. [PMID: 31185352 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis of airborne particulate bound mercury was carried out utilizing a high sulfur containing organic compound as a preservation agent to limit the negative bias that affects the determination of low levels of mercury. Between 600% and 1000% more Hg was detected with the use of the additive, lithium tetrathiafulvalene carboxylate (LiCTTF), during the microwave assisted acid digestion sample processing step without influencing the determination of other trace elements. The average Hg concentration was 0.05 ng m-3 and 0.4 ng m-3 in the absence and presence of LiCTTF, respectively. Stabilization of the mercury ions with the preservation agent resulted in higher precision for ICP-MS measurements with relative standard deviation (RSD) values ranging from 1.07% to 4.36%. The results obtained in this study emphasize the necessity of using a preservation agent in the atomic spectroscopic determination of mercury to prevent losses and is especially critical in low-level analyses such as those routinely performed in environmental mercury pollution trend assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Budanovic
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Malcolm E Tessensohn
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Richard D Webster
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore; Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; The Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore, 1 Create Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore.
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83
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Abstract
The possibility of two-jet plasma atomic emission spectrometry for analysis of different plants using solid sample preparation and unified calibration samples was investigated. The certified reference materials of wheat, maize, rice, potato, grass mix, birch leaves, and Elodea canadensis were used for analysis. On the basis of the behavior of these plants in the plasma, they were divided into two groups: starch-containing materials (cereal and root crops) and leaves/grass. It was found that the previous sample carbonization should be used for analysis of starch-containing plants while leaves and grass could be analyzed by the direct technique. Carbonization was only applied for determining low concentrations of trace elements in leaves and grass. The calibration samples based on graphite powder and simple sample preparation, dilution of powdered sample with a spectroscopic buffer, were used for both direct analysis and analysis after carbonization. Such an approach allowed estimation of B, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Sr, V, and Zn in different plants. The limits of detection (LODs) provided by the direct technique were at the level of (µg·g-1): n × 0.1 for Cd, Cu, and Mn; n for B, Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, Ga, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, and Zn; n × 10 for Si. Carbonization allowed improving LODs of elements several times depending on the thermal stability and mineral composition of plants. The LODs of elements in plants obtained after carbonization are the following (µg·g-1): n × 0.01 for Be, Cd, Cu, and Mn; n × 0.1 for Co, Cr, Fe, Ga, Ni, Pb, Sr, V, Zn; and n for Si. The techniques suggested are fast, easily workable, and do not require harmful chemical reagents. In some cases, the influence of variable matrices and different element species on analytical signal of elements was not completely suppressed; the deviation of element concentrations from the true values was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P Zaksas
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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84
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Komiya R, Wada T, Tsushima F, Sakamoto K, Ikeda T, Yamaguchi A, Harada H, Uo M. Quantitation and distribution of metallic elements in sequestra of medication-related osteonecrosis of jaw (MRONJ) using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:676-684. [PMID: 30465092 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-018-0975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious adverse effect of antiresorptive agents like bisphosphonates. Abnormal concentrations of various trace metallic elements contained in bone minerals have been associated with MRONJ. In this study, we focused on trace metallic elements contained in the MRONJ sequestrum; their content and distribution were compared to those in osteomyelitis and non-inflammatory bones using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence analysis (SR-XRF). On ICP-AES analyses, various trace elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Ni, Sb, Ti, V, Pb) were significantly more in MRONJ sequestra than non-inflammatory bones. The Cu content was significantly higher in MRONJ sequestra than osteomyelitis and non-inflammatory bones. The Cu content in MRONJ sequestra was high even after decalcification. Additionally, Cu was distributed along the trabecular structures in decalcified MRONJ specimens, as observed using SR-XRF analysis. Therefore, this study was indicative of the characteristic behavior of Cu in MRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruri Komiya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Wada
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Tsushima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Ikeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Yamaguchi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Misakicho, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Uo
- Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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85
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Correia FO, Almeida TS, Garcia RL, Queiroz AFS, Smichowski P, da Rocha GO, Araujo RGO. Sequential determination and chemical speciation analysis of inorganic As and Sb in airborne particulate matter collected in outdoor and indoor environments using slurry sampling and detection by HG AAS. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:21416-21424. [PMID: 31124065 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, fast sequential determination and chemical speciation analysis of inorganic arsenic and antimony in airborne particulate matter collected in outdoor and indoor environments using slurry sampling and detection by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) is proposed. A Doehlert design was applied to optimise the hydride generation conditions of As and Sb for fast sequential determination in the same aliquot of particulate matter samples after preparation of the slurry. The limits of quantification (LoQ) obtained for As and Sb were 0.3 and 0.9 ng m-3, respectively. The accuracy of the analytical method was confirmed by analysis of the certified reference material of urban particulate matter (SRM NIST 1648a), presenting concordance with certified values of 92.7±7.7% for As and 91.2±9.5% for Sb. Precision was expressed as relative standard deviation (% RSD, n=3), with our results presenting values better than 3.4% and 4.2% for total inorganic As and Sb, respectively. For all analysed samples, total As concentrations and its inorganic species were below the LoQ of the analytical method (<0.3 ng m-3). However, the averages of total inorganic Sb concentrations in airborne particulate matter, collected as total suspended outdoor particles (TSPoutdoor), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), and total suspended indoor particles (TSPindoor), were 3.1±0.5, 2.4±0.6, and 2.6±0.4 ng m-3, respectively. Trivalent Sb (Sb3+) was the predominant inorganic species in all samples investigated, with mean percentages of 76%, 72%, and 73% in TSPoutdoor, PM10, and TSPindoor, respectively. The presence of Sb and its predominant inorganic form (Sb3+) can be attributed to vehicular traffic close to the sampled urban areas. Therefore, fast sequential determination of As and Sb and their inorganic species in particulate matter samples prepared as slurry by FS-HG-AAS is an efficient, accurate, and precise method and can be successfully applied to routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipo Obed Correia
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Tarcísio Silva Almeida
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Rui Lorenzo Garcia
- Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-020, Brazil
| | - Antônio Fernando S Queiroz
- Instituto de Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-020, Brazil
| | - Patricia Smichowski
- Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Gerencia Química and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisele Olímpio da Rocha
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Rennan Geovanny O Araujo
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Grupo de Pesquisa para Estudos em Química Analítica e Ambiental (GPEQA2), Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil.
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86
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Yadav S, Kumbhar N, Jan R, Roy R, Satsangi PG. Genotoxic effects of PM 10 and PM 2.5 bound metals: metal bioaccessibility, free radical generation, and role of iron. Environ Geochem Health 2019; 41:1163-1186. [PMID: 30302579 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to examine the possible genotoxicity of ambient particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in Pune city. In both size fractions of PM, Fe was found to be the dominant metal by concentration, contributing 22% and 30% to the total mass of metals in PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. The speciation of soluble Fe in PM10 and PM2.5 was investigated. The average fraction of Fe3+ and Fe2+ concentrations in PM2.5 was 80.6% and 19.3%, respectively, while in PM2.5 this fraction was 71.1% and 29.9%, respectively. The dominance of Fe(III) state in both PM fractions facilitates the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which can damage deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA), as was evident from the gel electrophoresis study. The DNA damage by ·OH was supported through the in silico density functional theory (DFT) method. DFT results showed that C8 site of guanine (G)/adenine (A) and C6 site of thymine (T)/cytosine (C) would be energetically more favorable for the attack of hydroxyl radicals, when compared with the C4 and C5 sites. The non-standard Watson-Crick base pairing models of oxidative products of G, A, T and C yield lower-energy conformations than canonical dA:dT and dG:dC base pairing. This study may pave the way to understand the structural consequences of base-mediated oxidative lesions in DNA and its role in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly Pune University), Pune, 411007, India
- IDP in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Navanath Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly Pune University), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Rohi Jan
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly Pune University), Pune, 411007, India
| | - Ritwika Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly Pune University), Pune, 411007, India
| | - P Gursumeeran Satsangi
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly Pune University), Pune, 411007, India.
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87
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Campos VM, Silva FLF, Oliveira JPS, Ribeiro LPD, Matos WO, Lopes GS. Investigation of a rapid infrared heating assisted mineralization of soybean matrices for trace element analysis. Food Chem 2019; 280:96-102. [PMID: 30642512 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A fast sample preparation procedure based on use of infrared (IR) assisted heating for mineralization of soybean derived samples has been developed for their subsequent multielement analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). A cold finger was examined for refluxing of acid vapors to determine its impact on efficiency and economy of digestion. The optimized procedure, based on 1 g subsamples, 8 mL of HNO3 (65% w/w) and exposure of the mixture to a 500 W IR source for 5 min without refluxing, permitted accurate determination of all analytes in NIST SRM 1568b (rice flour). Detection limits using ICP-OES were (µg/kg) 97, 1.0, 39, 185, 0.47 and 1200 for Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mn and P, respectively, and 18 for Zn by FAAS. The IR-assisted digestion approach provided a low cost, easy to use system having great potential for implementation in routine analysis of trace elements in soybean and similar matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Campos
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco L F Silva
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João P S Oliveira
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lívia P D Ribeiro
- Intituto de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), Redenção, CE, Brazil
| | - Wladiana O Matos
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gisele S Lopes
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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88
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Alves BSF, Pereira Junior JB, Carvalho FIM, Dantas Filho HA, Fernandes Dantas KG. Mineral Composition of Amazonian Fruits by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Using Multivariate Analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 189:259-266. [PMID: 30097983 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the mineral composition in native and non-native Amazonian fruits using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and multivariate methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), in order to conduct a more thorough evaluation of the original data. The accuracy was checked by certified reference material analysis (Poplar leaves) and spike experiments. The results of the analysis were in agreement with the certified values, with analytical recoveries for all analytes in an acceptable range from 82 to 113%, and relative standard deviations (RSD) were in the range of 0.2-18%. Furthermore, PCA explained 68% of the total variance, while HCA confirmed the correlations found in the PCA, allowing for the evaluation of the degree of similarity between the fruits studied. These results will be used to better understand the distribution of inorganic constituents within these Amazonian fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca S F Alves
- Grupo de Espectrometria Analítica Aplicada, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - João B Pereira Junior
- Grupo de Espectrometria Analítica Aplicada, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Fábio I M Carvalho
- Grupo de Espectrometria Analítica Aplicada, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Campus Parauapebas, Parauapebas, PA, 68515-000, Brazil
| | - Heronides A Dantas Filho
- Grupo de Espectrometria Analítica Aplicada, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Kelly G Fernandes Dantas
- Grupo de Espectrometria Analítica Aplicada, Faculdade de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brazil.
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89
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Büyükpınar Ç, San N, Komesli OT, Bakırdere S. Accurate, sensitive, and precise determination of cobalt in soil matrices by the combination of batch type gas-liquid separator-assisted photochemical vapor generation and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:313. [PMID: 31037521 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Determination of cobalt at low concentrations is an important issue because of its potential harmful effects on human health. Although flame atomic absorbance spectrometry (FAAS) is a fast and cheap method, it has high detection limits compared to other methods due to low nebulizer efficiency. In this study, the sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of the conventional FAAS were tried to be improved for cobalt determination using a photochemical vapor generation (PVG) system equipped with a batch type gas-liquid separator (BTGLS). The system parameters including organic acid type and concentration, UV irradiation period, mixing type, atomizer temperature, carrier gas flow rate, and sample volume were optimized to improve the detection power. The limits of detection and quantification were found to be 8.7 and 28.9 μg L-1, respectively. The low relative standard deviation results indicated high precision. Applicability and accuracy of the method to soil samples was determined by recovery studies and percent recoveries were obtained between 98.9-107.0%. Graphical abstract Please provide caption for the graphical abstract.PVG-BT-GLS-AAS system .
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağdaş Büyükpınar
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34349, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevim San
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34349, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Okan Tarık Komesli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Atatürk University, 25250, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, 34349, Istanbul, Turkey.
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90
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Cucu AK, Topkaya M, Erdogan G, Aboul-Enein HY. Quantitative Determination of Heavy Metal Contamination in Horse Mackerel and Whiting Caught in the Sea of Marmara. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 102:498-503. [PMID: 30874829 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the concentrations of lead, cadmium and manganese were determined in horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) and whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) that were caught in the Sea of Marmara. These are commonly consumed fish species in this region. Fish were provided by a fishermen quarterly between March 2013 and December 2013 and, separated according to size (small, medium and large). Pb(II), Cd(II) and Mn(II) levels were determined using the wet digestion method by Graphite furnace atomic atomic absorption spectrophotometer. According to this study, for horse mackerel, the highest concentration of lead, cadmium, and manganese was 6.69 µg kg-1 (September), 5.24 µg kg-1 (March) and 9.24 µg kg-1 (June), respectively. For whiting, the highest concentration of lead, cadmium, and manganese was 2.25 µg kg-1 (June), 0.263 µg kg-1 (September) and 10.4 µg kg-1 (June), respectively. These heavy metal levels in fish were found to be acceptable for human consumption according to World Health Organization border values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysen Kurt Cucu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpasa, Uskudar, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Murat Topkaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulbin Erdogan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpasa, Uskudar, 34668, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
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91
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Brucker D, Leopold K. Sizing silver nanoparticles in chicken meat using direct slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4551-4558. [PMID: 30810792 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) has been suggested as a tool for detection and sizing of metal nanoparticles (NPs) providing several advantages, such as direct analysis of solid samples, high sample throughput, and robust and cost-efficient instrumentation. For this purpose, evaluation of newly introduced criteria of the absorbance signal, namely, atomization delay (tad) and atomization rate (kat), is performed. However, in real samples, NPs are typically stabilized by either engineered coating reagents or natural materials and occur in unknown concentration. Hence, systematic investigation of possible influences of nine different coating reagents and of Ag concentration on the atomization behavior of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was studied. Evaluation of absorption signal characteristics revealed no influence of the coating or Ag concentration on the observed parameters. Furthermore, size-dependent measurements gave reproducible size correlation independent from the coating. Validity of sizing AgNPs with the proposed approach was successfully proven by investigation of two reference materials. The found size of 74.3 ± 5.9 nm in RM 8017 (NIST) agrees very well with the certified size of 74.6 ± 3.8 nm. Moreover, AgNP size of 25.1 ± 2.5 nm found by direct slurry sampling GFAAS in matrix reference material "NanoLyse13"-chicken meat homogenate spiked with PVP-AgNPs-was in very good agreement with the reference value of 27.3 ± 5.3 nm as determined by TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Brucker
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kerstin Leopold
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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92
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Kojidi MH, Aliakbar A. Synthesis of graphene oxide-based poly(p-aminophenol) composite and its application in solid phase extraction of trace amount of Ni(II) from aquatic samples. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:145. [PMID: 30734870 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The results of investigations about the polymerization of p-aminophenol in neutral-weak alkaline medium (pH = 7-8) in our lab showed that the produced polymer which was insoluble in water and soluble in methanol has high tendency to form selectively a blue complex with Ni(II). Investigations into the chemical structure of polymer showed that polymer has a special structure, similar to polyamine in which the aromatic rings are connected through O-bridges. Based on these data, it was decided to polymerize p-aminophenol in situ on graphene oxide (GO) and use as a new sorbent for selective separation and preconcentration of trace amount of Ni(II) from water samples. By this, the rate of sorption of Ni(II) will also be increased considerably with respect to GO alone. Resulting composite (GO-Pp-AP) was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, and EDS. The obtained data confirmed the uniform growth of the polymer on the GO and the absence of granular particles. The composite shows high tendency and high rate of sorption of Ni(II) and consequently was utilized for solid phase extraction (SPE) of Ni(II) ions before its determination by flame atomic absorption (FAAS). The effects of important parameters on the recovery of Ni(II) were investigated. The presence of foreign ions has no meaningful effect on the recovery percentage of Ni(II). Under the optimum conditions, limit of detection and relative standard deviation were found to be 0.70 μg L-1 and 1.8% (for n = 6; at 20 μg L-1 of Ni(II)), respectively. Testing the standard reference material and analyzing the spiked real samples exhibit that the procedure can be successfully employed for determination of Ni(II) in natural water and wastewater samples. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Aliakbar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 41335-19141, Rasht, Iran.
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93
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Fırat M, Bakırdere EG. An accurate and sensitive analytical strategy for the determination of palladium in aqueous samples: slotted quartz tube flame atomic absorption spectrometry with switchable liquid-liquid microextraction after preconcentration using a Schiff base ligand. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:129. [PMID: 30723880 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7252-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a green analytical method for palladium determination by slotted quartz tube flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SQT-FAAS) following switchable liquid-liquid microextraction (SLLME). Efficient extraction of palladium was facilitated by complexation with a Schiff base ligand, synthesized specifically for this study. A three-stage thorough optimization procedure was carried out to boost the absorbance output of palladium. Complex formation was the first stage, and parameters evaluated included buffer solution pH and amount, concentration of ligand, and mixing period. The amount of switchable solvent and concentration and amount of sodium hydroxide and acid amount were optimized in the second stage. Optimization of sample and fuel flow rates and SQT parameters completed the third stage of optimization, and all optimum parameters were used to determine analytical performance of the method. The method had a broad linear dynamic range, and the calibration plots showed good linearity with R2 values greater than 0.9991. The limits of detection and quantification of the SLLME-SQT-FAAS method were 15 and 50 μg/L, respectively. The precision of the method, expressed as percent relative standard deviation, was below 9.0% for all measurements. Spiked recovery results performed for a palladium electroplating bath solution gave poor results when quantified against aqueous calibration standards. Matrix matching was therefore used to improve recovery results which ranged between 97 and 105% for four different spike concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Fırat
- Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Gülhan Bakırdere
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey.
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94
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Jeon SH, Kuppusamy S, Yoon YE, Kim HT, Lee YB. Are There as Many Essential and Non-essential Minerals in Hydroponic Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa L.) Compared to Those Grown in Soil? Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:562-567. [PMID: 29850968 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to compare the contents of minerals (essential major-K, Ca, Mg, Na, P, S; essential trace-Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo, As, Se, Ni, V, Cr, Co; non-essential-Sn, Ga, Li, Be, Rb, Sr, Al, Pd, Cd, Hg, Pb, Ge) in strawberry (stem, leaf, and fruit) cultivated in two different cultivation systems, soil and hydroponic. The concentrations of 30 minerals in the acid-digested strawberry samples were determined by ICP-MS and ICP-OES. Hydroponic strawberry (leaf > fruit > stem) indicated higher values for most minerals which were below the plant toxicity levels. In leaves collected from the hydroponic system, it was observed there were larger amounts of Fe, Zn, B, As, Se, Ni, V, Cr, Al, Cd, and Pd. Hydroponic fruits were the significant sources of K, P, Mn, Zn, Cr, and Co. Hydroponic strawberry leaves could contribute twice as many higher and safe daily intake of minerals to humans than other fruits. This analysis shows that, firstly, higher quality and safely edible produce can be provided by the hydroponic system; and secondly, strawberry leaf is a potential mineral source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwa Jeon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Saranya Kuppusamy
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Yoon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Tae Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bok Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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95
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Leśniewicz A, Furtak M, Żyrnicki W, Dawidowicz J, Maksymowicz K, Szotek S. Investigations of Human Fascia Lata Elemental Composition-the Effect of Different Preservation and Mineralisation Methods. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:357-366. [PMID: 29948909 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Influence of fixation medium and storage conditions as well as impact of sample mineralisation procedure on determination of minerals in human fascia lata was examined and discussed. Freezing and storage in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and in 2.5% glutaraldehyde were used as the preservation methods of the samples. The concentrations of, both essential and toxic, elements were measured by ICP-OES method in fascia lata samples mineralised with concentrated nitric acid in a closed microwave system and in open vessels heated on a hot plate. Freezing was found as the best preserving method of fascia lata samples because of the number of elements determined and determination precision. The trace element (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sr, Zn) concentrations obtained in samples decomposed using the conventional hot plate were different from analogous measurements in solutions obtained after application of closed vessels and microwave energy assistance. Differences between the mineral compositions of fascia samples variously preserved and mineralised were statistically evaluated and discussed. Interelement correlations were analysed taking into account an impact of various methods of sample conservation. Strong, positive association between element content was discovered for Cr-Ba, Mn-Ba, P-Ba, Sr-Ba, Sr-Ca, Zn-Ca, Mn-Cr, Pb-Cr, Sr-Cr, Mg-Fe, P-Fe, Pb-Ni, Ti-Ni and Sr-P pairs of elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leśniewicz
- Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże St. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Milena Furtak
- Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże St. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wiesław Żyrnicki
- Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże St. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Maksymowicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 4, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sylwia Szotek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mechatronics and Theory of Mechanisms, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371, Wrocław, Poland
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96
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Manso M, Pessanha S, Guerra M, Reinholz U, Afonso C, Radtke M, Lourenço H, Carvalho ML, Buzanich AG. Assessment of Toxic Metals and Hazardous Substances in Tattoo Inks Using Sy-XRF, AAS, and Raman Spectroscopy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:596-601. [PMID: 29948912 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, in conjunction with atomic absorption and Raman spectroscopy, was used to analyze a set of top brand tattoo inks to investigate the presence of toxic elements and hazardous substances. The Cr, Cu, and Pb contents were found to be above the maximum allowed levels established by the Council of Europe through the resolution ResAP(2008)1 on requirements and criteria for the safety of tattoos and permanent makeup. Raman analysis has revealed the presence of a set of prohibited substances mentioned in ResAP(2008)1, among which are the pigments Blue 15, Green 7, and Violet 23. Other pigments that were identified in white, black, red, and yellow inks are the Pigment White 6, Carbon Black, Pigment Red 8, and a diazo yellow, respectively. The present results show the importance of regulating tattoo ink composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Manso
- LIBPhys-UNL Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física da Radiação, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Costa de Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Pessanha
- LIBPhys-UNL Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física da Radiação, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Costa de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mauro Guerra
- LIBPhys-UNL Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física da Radiação, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Costa de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Uwe Reinholz
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cláudia Afonso
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, IPMA Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Brasılia, 1449-006, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Radtke
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Lourenço
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, IPMA Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Avenida Brasılia, 1449-006, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Luísa Carvalho
- LIBPhys-UNL Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física da Radiação, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia (FCT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Costa de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Guilherme Buzanich
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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97
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Tunçeli A, Ulaş A, Acar O, Türker AR. Solid Phase Extraction of Cadmium and Lead from Water by Amberlyst 15 and Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 102:297-302. [PMID: 30443656 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Preconcentration of Cd(II) and Pb(II) was carried out by using column solid phase extraction method. Amberlyst 15 was used as solid phase for these analytes. The optimum extraction conditions such as pH (4), type and volume of eluent (5 mL of 2 mol L-1 HNO3) sample flow rate (1 mL min-1) and sample volume (100 mL for Cd(II) and 750 mL for Pb(II)) were determined. The recoveries were found for Cd(II) and Pb(II) as 104% ± 1% and 102 % ± 2%, respectively. The limit of detections were found as 0.23 µg L-1 for Cd(II) and 0.13 µg L-1 for Pb(II). The effects of foreign ions were also studied. The method was validated by analyzing standard reference material and spiked water samples. Percent relative error and relative standard deviation were below 3% and 4%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalet Tunçeli
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Ulaş
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Orhan Acar
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Rehber Türker
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey.
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98
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Xu DM, Zhang JQ, Yan B, Liu H, Zhang LL, Zhan CL, Zhang L, Zhong P. Contamination characteristics and potential environmental implications of heavy metals in road dusts in typical industrial and agricultural cities, southeastern Hubei Province, Central China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:36223-36238. [PMID: 30362041 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In November 2013, the total concentration of selected heavy metals in 43 urban dust samples, collected from two small-sized cities of industrial E'zhou and agricultural Huanggang, located in the southeastern Hubei province, central China, was detected quantitatively by flame atomic absorption spectrometric (FAAS) for ultimate purpose of pollution monitoring and risk evaluation. Results indicated that the mean concentrations exceeding their respective background values were observed for all the investigated metals, with the exception of Co (13.08mg kg-1) and Fe (38635.02mg kg-1) in Huanggang road dusts, whose average concentrations were close to the background levels. In comparison with the reference data reported from the selected cities worldwide, the urban road dusts were seriously polluted by heavy metals to diverse degrees. The contour distribution maps implied that obviously higher values zones were found between two different types of urban areas, located to both sides of the coastline of Yangtze River. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the enriched heavy metals had emanated from the combined effects of both natural sources and anthropogenic sources. Three pollution indices indicated that the riskiest element mainly comprising Cr, Ni, Cu, and Pb appeared to be the major contributors to the urban environmental pollution. Avoiding continuous damage requires, the riskiest metallic contaminants should be paid preferential attention to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Mao Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100082, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Quan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Lin Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, People's Republic of China
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99
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Temel NK, Sertakan K, Gürkan R. Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Nickel and Cobalt in Milk-Based Samples by Ultrasound-Assisted Cloud Point Extraction Coupled with Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:597-607. [PMID: 29777525 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, ultrasound-assisted cloud point extraction (UA-CPE) method was developed for the determination of Ni(II) and Co(II) in milk-based products. After extraction and preconcentration, the Ni(II) and Co(II) contents of samples were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). After their complexation with hydroxy naphthol blue (HNB) in the presence of cationic surfactant, CTAB at pH 4.0, the Ni(II) and Co(II) were taken within the micellar phase of nonionic surfactant, TX-114. The micellar phase containing the analytes were diluted to a volume of 0.7 mL with 1.0-mol/L HNO3 in ethanol to reduce its viscosity and to facilitate sample treatment and then was analyzed by FAAS. The various analytical parameters affecting UA-CPE efficiency were investigated. The analytical features obtained after optimization are as follows: limits of detection are 0.56 and 0.78 μg/L; sensitivity enhancement factors are 48.6 and 53.9; the calibration curves were linear 3-180 and 2-160 μg/L for Co(II) and Ni(II), respectively, after preconcentration of 50-fold. The precision (as RSD%) between 1.8-3.6% and 2.2-3.8% (25 and 100 μg/L, n = 5) for Ni(II) and Co(II), respectively. The accuracy was statistically verified by analysis of two certified reference material samples (CRMs), including recovery studies after spiking. The method was applied to the analysis of milk-based samples with satisfied results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuket Kartal Temel
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry/Analytical Chemistry, University of Cumhuriyet, TR-58140, Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Kadriye Sertakan
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry/Analytical Chemistry, University of Cumhuriyet, TR-58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Gürkan
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry/Analytical Chemistry, University of Cumhuriyet, TR-58140, Sivas, Turkey
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100
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Abstract
Recently, considerable attention has been paid to the negative effects caused by the presence and constant increase in concentration of heavy metals in the environment, as well as to the determination of their content in human biological samples. In this paper, the concentration of chromium in samples of blood and internal organs collected at autopsy from 21 female and 39 male non-occupationally exposed subjects is presented. Elemental analysis was carried out by an electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer after microwave-assisted acid digestion. Reference ranges of chromium in the blood, brain, stomach, liver, kidneys, lungs, and heart (wet weight) in the population of Southern Poland were found to be 0.11-16.4 ng/mL, 4.7-136 ng/g, 6.1-76.4 ng/g, 11-506 ng/g, 2.9-298 ng/g, 13-798 ng/g, and 3.6-320 ng/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Dudek-Adamska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry of the Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Teresa Lech
- Institute of Forensic Research, Westerplatte 9, 31-033 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Konopka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 6, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Kościelniak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry of the Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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