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Moser KL, Neas BR, Salmon JE, Yu H, Gray-McGuire C, Asundi N, Bruner GR, Fox J, Kelly J, Henshall S, Bacino D, Dietz M, Hogue R, Koelsch G, Nightingale L, Shaver T, Abdou NI, Albert DA, Carson C, Petri M, Treadwell EL, James JA, Harley JB. Genome scan of human systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence for linkage on chromosome 1q in African-American pedigrees. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:14869-74. [PMID: 9843982 PMCID: PMC24542 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by production of autoantibodies against intracellular antigens including DNA, ribosomal P, Ro (SS-A), La (SS-B), and the spliceosome. Etiology is suspected to involve genetic and environmental factors. Evidence of genetic involvement includes: associations with HLA-DR3, HLA-DR2, Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaR) IIA and IIIA, and hereditary complement component deficiencies, as well as familial aggregation, monozygotic twin concordance >20%, lambdas > 10, purported linkage at 1q41-42, and inbred mouse strains that consistently develop lupus. We have completed a genome scan in 94 extended multiplex pedigrees by using model-based linkage analysis. Potential [log10 of the odds for linkage (lod) > 2.0] SLE loci have been identified at chromosomes 1q41, 1q23, and 11q14-23 in African-Americans; 14q11, 4p15, 11q25, 2q32, 19q13, 6q26-27, and 12p12-11 in European-Americans; and 1q23, 13q32, 20q13, and 1q31 in all pedigrees combined. An effect for the FcgammaRIIA candidate polymorphism) at 1q23 (lod = 3.37 in African-Americans) is syntenic with linkage in a murine model of lupus. Sib-pair and multipoint nonparametric analyses also support linkage (P < 0.05) at nine loci detected by using two-point lod score analysis (lod > 2.0). Our results are consistent with the presumed complexity of genetic susceptibility to SLE and illustrate racial origin is likely to influence the specific nature of these genetic effects.
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Walker PR, Smith B, Carson C, LeBlanc J, Sikorska M, Woodhouse CS, Morgan AC. Induction of Apoptosis in neoplastic cells by depletion of vitamin B12. Cell Death Differ 1997; 4:233-41. [PMID: 16465233 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/1999] [Revised: 10/07/1999] [Accepted: 10/08/1999] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine synthase, a critical enzyme in deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis for DNA replication, requires vitamin B12 as a cofactor. We have tested the hypothesis that depletion of cells of vitamin B12 would block growth of neoplastic cells and divert them into apoptosis and could form the basis of a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Using nitrous oxide to inactivate vitamin B12 we show that, in a variety of cell lines in vitro, methionine synthase is rapidly inhibited, the cells cease proliferation and undergo apoptosis. The kinetics of cell death, once started, are similar to those observed following methotrexate treatment or serum withdrawal. This is the first observation of apoptosis being induced following depletion of an essential metabolite as opposed to the more conventional strategy of adding a toxic drug to damage cells thereby triggering apoptosis. Moreover, vitamin B12 depletion has no effect on the nonproliferating cell population.
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Testolin L, Carson C, Wang Y, Walker PR, Armato U, Sikorska M. Jun and JNK kinase are activated in thymocytes in response to VM26 and radiation but not glucocorticoids. Exp Cell Res 1997; 230:220-32. [PMID: 9024781 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1996.3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to establish what role members of the activating protein-1 (AP-1) gene families, i.e., c-fos, c-jun, junB, and junD, play in thymic apoptosis, we have analyzed changes in their expression in response to three different agents: a glucocorticoid analog dexamethasone, an inhibitor of topoisomerase II teniposide VM26, and gamma radiation. All three agents induced thymic death at a similar rate and with the same morphological and biochemical features. There was a rapid and transient increase in the steady-state mRNA level of junB and c-fos genes in all treatments, including control cultures, reminiscent rather of cellular stress response to the environmental changes than to the apoptotic stimuli. On the other hand, treatments with the DNA-damaging agents, VM26 and gamma radiation, resulted in superinduction of the c-jun mRNA and in the activation of the stress response signaling pathway of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Gene transcription ceased completely in cells with fragmented DNA and the down-regulation of genes such as junD and tubulin was reflective of the thymocytes' commitment to apoptosis. The DNA-binding activities of the serum response factors, cyclic AMP response element binding proteins, and AP-1 factors, indicative of their transcriptional competence, were compromised shortly after induction of apoptosis regardless of the agent employed, consistent with previously reported enhancement in cellular proteolysis which is an essential component of the apoptotic cell death.
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Garber BG, Yelle JD, Fairfull-Smith R, Lorimer JW, Carson C. Management of splenic injuries in a Canadian trauma centre. Can J Surg 1996; 39:474-80. [PMID: 8956813 PMCID: PMC3949903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To document the current practice pattern for the treatment of splenic injuries in one Canadian trauma centre and to identify factors that determined which method was employed. DESIGN A cohort study. SETTING A Canadian lead trauma centre. PATIENTS A cohort of 100 patients with splenic injury treated at one trauma hospital over 5 years was identified from a prospective trauma database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The success rate and failure rate for splenic salvage by splenectomy, splenorrhaphy or observation. Volume of blood transfused, injury severity score (ISS) and method of diagnosis. RESULTS The median ISS for the cohort was 34 (36 for splenectomy, 38 for splenorrhaphy and 35 for observation). A blunt mechanism of injury was present in 96%. The diagnosis was made by computed tomography (CT) in 55%. Splenic salvage was accomplished in 51 patients; of these, 44 (86%) were in the observation group, and the success rate was 90% (within the range reported in the literature). Only seven patients underwent splenorrhaphy. CT was performed more frequently in the observation group than in the splenectomy group (82% v. 25%, p < 0.0001). The splenectomy group had more blood transfused than the successful observation group (mean units 15 v. 3, p = 0.0001) and had a higher median ISS (36 v. 29, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis revealed that the method of diagnosis (CT v. diagnostic peritoneal lavage) was the strongest factor associated with how the splenic injury was treated. CONCLUSIONS The finding in this report of an increase in observational treatment of splenic injuries represents a shift in practice from a previous Canadian report and is in keeping with recent published trends from the United States. Future studies are needed to assess whether any strong regional practice pattern variations in the management of blunt splenic injuries exists in other trauma centres across Canada.
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Mendoza D, Newman RC, Albala D, Cohen MS, Tewari A, Lingeman J, Wong M, Kavoussi L, Adams J, Moore R, Winfield H, Glascock JM, Das S, Munch L, Grasso M, Dickinson M, Clayman R, Nakada S, McDougall EM, Wolf IS, Hulbert J, Leveillee RJ, Houshair A, Carson C. Laparoscopic complications in markedly obese urologic patients (a multi-institutional review). Urology 1996; 48:562-7. [PMID: 8886061 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(96)00231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Significant obesity is considered to be a relative contraindication to laparoscopic surgery. This study reviews the complications encountered in massively obese patients undergoing urologic laparoscopic surgery. METHODS Body mass index (BMI) was used as an objective index to indicate massive obesity. Eleven institutions compiled retrospective data on 125 patients having a BMI greater than 30. Procedures performed included 76 pelvic lymph node dissections, 14 nephrectomies, 7 bladder neck suspensions, and 28 miscellaneous procedures. RESULTS For the group as a whole, the mean BMI was 35.1 (range 30.1 to 57.2). Mean operative time was 202 minutes (range 60 to 480). Conversion to open surgery occurred in 15 of the 125 patients (12%). Complication rates (minor and major) were 22% (27 occurrences in 125 patients) intraoperatively and 26% (33 occurrences in 125 patients) postoperatively. The major complications included 2 trocar injuries to abdominal wall vessels, 1 bladder injury, 3 peripheral nerve injuries, 1 dysrhythmia, 1 deep vein thrombosis, 1 wound seroma, 1 nephrocutaneous fistula, 1 incisional hernia, and 1 death. CONCLUSIONS In this review, complication rates for urologic laparoscopic surgery on massively obese patients were higher than in the general population undergoing laparoscopic surgery (0.3% to 21%).
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Sobol RE, Fakhrai H, Shawler D, Gjerset R, Dorigo O, Carson C, Khaleghi T, Koziol J, Shiftan TA, Royston I. Interleukin-2 gene therapy in a patient with glioblastoma. Gene Ther 1995; 2:164-7. [PMID: 7719933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A patient with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) who had failed conventional therapy was treated with IL-2 gene therapy. The patient received 10 subcutaneous immunizations with autologous tumor cells and fibroblasts genetically modified to secrete IL-2 by retroviral gene transfer. An antitumor immune response mediated in part by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells was demonstrated with the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan performed 4 weeks after the highest treatment dose revealed marked tumor necrosis. These results support the evaluation of this form of IL-2 gene therapy in additional patients with glioblastoma.
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Sobol RE, Royston I, Fakhrai H, Shawler DL, Carson C, Dorigo O, Gjerset R, Gold DP, Koziol J, Mercola D. Injection of colon carcinoma patients with autologous irradiated tumor cells and fibroblasts genetically modified to secrete interleukin-2 (IL-2): a phase I study. Hum Gene Ther 1995; 6:195-204. [PMID: 7734519 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1995.6.2-195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Shaw JR, Ferl RJ, Baier J, St Clair D, Carson C, McCarty DR, Hannah LC. Structural features of the maize sus1 gene and protein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1994; 106:1659-65. [PMID: 7846165 PMCID: PMC159710 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.4.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Genomic clones, cDNA clones, and protein of the maize (Zea mays L.) Suc synthase1 (sus1) gene were isolated and sequenced. Termini (5' and 3') of the transcribed unit were identified. The SUS1 protein was purified from tissue culture cells as a phosphorylated protein. The overall structure of sus1 is virtually identical with that of the paralogous gene, shrunken1 (sh1); however, the last intron of sh1 is missing in sus1. This intron bears much sequence similarity with the adjacent exon, suggesting that the intron arose from an internal duplication. Although the placement of the other 14 introns is identical in both genes, the introns exhibit markedly greater differences in size and sequence relative to that shown by the exons. An explanation for the differential rate of divergence of exons and introns is selection pressure for gene function. Additionally, comparisons of coding regions of plant sucrose synthases show that sh1-like and sus1-like genes can be found in all monocots so far analyzed. These latter observations point to an important role played by both genes in this group of plants.
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de Belle I, Testolin L, Pandey S, Carson C, Walker PR, Armato U, Sikorska M. Degradation of constitutive transcription factors during apoptosis in rat thymocytes. Biochem Cell Biol 1994; 72:639-48. [PMID: 7654338 DOI: 10.1139/o94-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dex) accelerates the rate of apoptosis in thymocytes by a process thought to require gene expression. Among the genes implicated in the regulation of this phenomenon are the immediate early genes such as c-fos and c-jun, whose expression is modulated by a complement of preexisting transcription factors. We have analyzed the DNA-binding activity of these constitutive transcription factors during Dex-induced apoptosis in thymocytes to assess their functionality. We observed a progressive loss of the DNA-binding proteins in parallel with the appearance of the characteristic morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis. At the same time we have found a general increase in the nuclear proteolytic activity concomitant with a significant loss of the nuclear nonhistone chromosomal proteins. Indeed, cotreatment of thymocytes with the nonspecific serine protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride was able to partially protect the stability of the DNA-binding proteins and alter the expression of the c-fos and c-jun genes but did not inhibit apoptosis. Our results suggest that the action of a protease(s) is responsible for the degradation of constitutive transcription factors during Dex-induced apoptosis, rendering the death pathway irreversible.
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Abstract
A questionnaire-based evaluation of a support group for relatives of people with mental illness living in the community is described. Set up initially in 1987, the evaluation suggests that the group has succeeded in offering emotional support to most members, although others have ceased to attend. The authors recommend that regular support of carers should become an integrated part of community mental health services.
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Puryear DA, Carson C, Fuentes R, Valls T. Subjective conclusions about schizophrenia. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 1992; 49:74-6. [PMID: 1728253 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820010074009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Abstract
We used tape recordings from normal subjects and from patients with lung disease to generate spectrographic images of respiratory sounds on a personal computer. These digital respirosonograms presented timing and frequency content of lung sounds, with the sound intensities displayed on a color scale. Respiratory sounds during inspiration and expiration could be recognized by their association with concurrent respiration curves. Contributions of low-frequency cardiac sounds were visually identified by their relationship to simultaneously recorded ECGs. Typical characteristics of normal and adventitious lung sounds were documented and displayed both in the time and the frequency domain. Digital respirosonography provides an easy way to assess lung sound amplitudes, frequencies and timing over several breaths.
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Weeks DD, Pennington S, Carson C, Jones MJ, Westbrook S, Freeman S. When leukemia complicates pregnancy. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 1988; 13:28-31. [PMID: 3123857 DOI: 10.1097/00005721-198801000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Johnson J, Carson C, Holmes B, Mayer DK, Moore P, Schaefer M. Strategic Planning Task Force Report. Oncol Nurs Forum 1987; 14:83-8. [PMID: 3697294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Alkire K, Carson C. Poster sessions and educational exhibits. How are they alike? How are they different? Oncol Nurs Forum 1986; 13:104. [PMID: 2419879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Carson C, Halloran M, Gerwick CL. Home health care and the dietitian. JOURNAL - AMERICAN HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATION 1986; 12:22-5. [PMID: 10275139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
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Carson C, Johnson RL, Stanford P, Louis-Jacques J, McManus E, Vanhook C. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism of unknown etiology in a 16-year-old male. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH CARE : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR ADOLESCENT MEDICINE 1982; 3:51-2. [PMID: 7118687 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-0070(82)80030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Gardiner A, Taylor E, Carson C, Orr J, Robinson M, Armstrong J. Smokescreen: a survey on smoking in pregnancy. HEALTH VISITOR 1981; 54:24. [PMID: 6907240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Carson C, Vahouny GV. Myocardial metabolism. V. Effect of puromycin on protein synthesis and oxidation of glucose, acetate, and aspartate in perfused rat hearts. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE. SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 1969; 132:287-92. [PMID: 5344848 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-132-34199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Gabel LP, Carson C, Vance E. Active state of muscle and the second and third derivatives of twitch tension. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1968; 214:1025-30. [PMID: 5647178 DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1968.214.5.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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