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Carminati G, Brusa V, Loschi A, Ermacora P, Martini M. Spatiotemporal and Quantitative Monitoring of the Fate of " Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani" in Tomato Plants Infected by Grafting. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070811. [PMID: 34206841 PMCID: PMC8308695 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how phytoplasmas move and multiply within the host plant is fundamental for plant-pathogen interaction studies. In recent years, the tomato has been used as a model plant to study this type of interaction. In the present work, we investigated the distribution and multiplication dynamics of one strain of "Candidatus Phytoplasma (Ca. P.) solani", (16SrXII-A) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Micro-Tom) plants. We obtained infected plants by grafting, a fast and effective method to maintain phytoplasma infection. In planta spread and multiplication of "Ca. P. solani" was monitored over time using qualitative and quantitative qPCR. Root, apical shoot, lower leaves, and upper leaves were sampled at each sampling time. We hypothesized that "Ca. P. solani" from the grafting site reached firstly the highest leaf, the apex and the roots; subsequently, the phytoplasmas spread to the rest of the upper leaves and then progressively to the lower leaves. Significant differences were found in "Ca. P. solani" titer among different plant tissues. In particular, the concentration of phytoplasma in the roots was significantly higher than that in the other plant compartments in almost all the sampling dates. Since the roots show rapid colonization and the highest concentration of phytoplasmas, they represent the ideal tissue to sample for an early, sensitive and robust diagnosis.
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Gandi C, Totaro A, Bientinesi R, Di Gianfrancesco L, Pierconti F, Martini M, Russo A, Racioppi M, Bassi PF, Sacco E. A multi-surgeon learning curve analysis of overall and site-specific positive surgical margins after RARP. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Proietti F, Brassetti A, Mirabile G, Pansadoro A, Giandotti M, Martini M, Emiliozzi P, Pansadoro V. Buccal mucosa graft repair of proximal ureteral lesion. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Summary Anaphylaxis is the most severe systemic hypersensitivity reaction, and it can be life-threatening or even fatal. It involves the activation of multiple immune and non immune pathways beyond IgE, thus exhibiting different phenotypes. New symptoms of hypersensitivity caused by chemotherapy drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and biological agents have been suggested to be recognized as anaphylaxis phenotypes. No biomarker has been described that allows an unequivocal diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Moreover, more biomarkers for specific endotypes are needed to stratify severity, to predict risk, and to optimaze tretament choice in the individual patient. Food, drugs and stinging insects represent the most commly identified triggers. Idiopathic anaphylaxis is a diagnosis of exclusion and it can hide a clonal mast cell disorder. Individual risk factors and co-factors may influence the severity of anaphylaxis or its onset, and they should be identified to implement the appropriate measures to prevent recurrence. Prompt recognition and treatment are critical in anaphylaxis, adrenaline being the first-line saving therapy. Individualized anaphylaxis action plan should include avoidance measures, prescription of an adrenaline autoinjector, education, optimal management of relevant comorbidities, venom specific immunotherapy, food oral immunotherapy, and drug desensitization, when appropriate. However, the quality of acute and long-term anaphylaxis management is variable influencing the poor outcomes experienced by many patients. Clinical practice guidelines have the potential to improve outcomes, but they often prove challenging to implement in routine clinical care.
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Perisano C, Vitiello R, Sgambato A, Greco T, Cianni L, Ragonesi G, Malara T, Maccauro G, Martini M. Evaluation of PD1 and PD-L1 expression in high-grade sarcomas of the limbs in the adults: possible implications of immunotherapy. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:289-294. Congress of the Italian Orthopaedic Research Society. [PMID: 33261292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare tumours. Improvements in immunotherapy and the important role of PD1 and PD-L1 expression in advancement and prognosis have opened new fields of research for the treatment of these neoplasia. We evaluated the immunohistochemistry of PD1 and PD-L1 expression in 60 adults' patients affected by high-grade sarcomas of the limbs. PD1 expression was 65% while PD-L1 was 68.3%. PD-L1 expression seems to correlate to Ki67 in liposarcomas, fibrosarcoma's and pleomorphic sarcomas, while it does not show any correlation to chondrosarcomas, while in rhabdomyosarcomas there is a correlation but, given the small sample size, it was not possible to perform a statistic analysis. Our study shows positivity among the different subgroups of positive PD1 lymphocytes infiltration and PD-L1 expression in high-grade sarcomas of the limbs.
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Martini M, Altomonte I, Licitra R, Bartaloni FV, Salari F. A preliminary investigation into the unsaponifiable fraction of donkey milk: Sterols of animal origin, phytosterols, and tocopherols. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1378-1383. [PMID: 33189282 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the main sterols, phytosterols, and the α- and γ-tocopherol content in donkey milk during the first 2 mo of lactation. Cholesterol was the main sterol in milk (mean ± standard deviation = 0.97 ± 0.443 g/100 g of fat). Lanosterol was the main minor sterol of animal origin, followed by desmosterol (0.003 ± 0.001 and 0.001 ± 0.001 g/100 g of fat, respectively). Of the phytosterols, β-sitosterol was the main sterol of vegetal origin in donkey milk (0.005 ± 0.002 g/100 g of fat), but lower levels of campesterol, brassicasterol, and stigmasterol were also recorded. Mean levels of α- and γ-tocopherol were 0.01 ± 0.007 and 0.003 ± 0.001 g/100 g of fat, respectively. We observed no significant changes in sterol or tocopherol content during the first 2 mo of lactation. The presence of lanosterol in donkey milk is of particular interest, because lanosterol is a potential drug and has important physiological effects. The presence of phytosterols, which are considered nutraceutical molecules, enhances the nutritional quality of donkey milk fat for consumers.
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Asero R, Abbadessa S, Aruanno A, Barilaro G, Barzaghi C, Bignardi D, Bilò MB, Borro M, Bresciani M, Busa M, Buzzulini F, Cavaliere C, Cecchi L, Ciccarelli A, Cortellini G, Cucinelli F, Deleonardi G, Emiliani F, Farsi A, Ferrarini E, Franchini M, Ingrassia A, Lippolis D, Losappio L, Marra AM, Martini M, Masieri S, Mauro M, Mazzolini M, Muratore L, Murzilli F, Nucera E, Pastorello EA, Pinter E, Polillo BR, Pravettoni V, Quercia O, Rizzi A, Russello M, Sacerdoti C, Scala E, Scala G, Scarpa A, Schroeder J, Uasuf CG, Villalta D, Yang B, Mistrello G, Amato S, Lidholm J. Detection of Gibberellin-Regulated Protein (Peamaclein) Sensitization among Italian Cypress Pollen-Sensitized Patients. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2020; 32:40-47. [DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Angelico G, Santoro A, Inzani F, Martini M, D'Alessandris N, Spadola S, Valente M, Arciuolo D, Sfregola S, Mule' A, Scambia G, Zannoni GF. When a mimicker wears strange faces: description of an osteogenic melanoma arising within an ovarian teratoma with focus on its late peritoneal relapse. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2020; 24:6569-6575. [PMID: 32633344 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202006_21641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Secondary malignancies arising within mature teratomas are a rare event, originating from malignant transformation of the tissues derived from one of the three germ cell layers. Osteogenic melanoma is exceedingly rare histologic variant of malignant melanoma, in which the melanoma is associated to an osteogenic sarcoma component. To the best of our knowledge, first case of osteogenic melanoma arising within mature ovarian teratoma in a 30-year-old woman without evidence of a primary cutaneous or visceral melanoma. The present case showed an unusual morphological and immunohistochemical pattern and was incorrectly diagnosed as undifferentiated carcinoma. After a 15 years follow-up period, the patient presented a peritoneal recurrence histologically constituted by epithelioid cells with prominent osteoid formation and with immunohistochemical expression of melanocytic markers (S100, HMB-45). Heterozygote Mutation V600E/E complex has been detected in the BRAF exon 15 sequence. The case was then interpreted as osteogenic melanoma. The present case contributes to widen the spectrum of neoplasms derived from malignant transformation of ovarian teratomas and provides also new insights about the clinical behavior of osteogenic melanoma when arising outside its usual anatomical location.
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Gulino G, Milardi D, Grande G, Martini M, Cenci T, Mancini F, Bianchi A, Pontecorvi A, Pierconti F, Bassi P. Protein expression of PTTG-1, OCT-4, and KLF-4 in testis seminoma. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)34098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Behzadifar M, Martini M, Behzadifar M, Bakhtiari A, Bragazzi NL. The barriers to the full implementation of strategic purchasing and the role of health policy and decision-makers: past, current status, ethical aspects and future challenges. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2020; 61:E119-E124. [PMID: 32490277 PMCID: PMC7225644 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2020.61.1.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare systems are complex, multi-level, highly integrated organizations, comprising of different professional figures, institutions, and resources. Such breadth and complexity reflect the multi-dimensionality of the concept of health, which implies the adoption of a holistic approach. Health, rather than merely being the absence of disorders or infirmity, is a highly dynamic state, which represents the abilities of an individual to cope with adverse social, physical and emotional/psychological events and conditions, continuously adapting to them. Ensuring an adequate health state is one of the most important concerns, and the healthcare systems are called to renew themselves in order to meet with the new challenges and health needs. Throughout the last decades, due to demographic shifts and transitions, epidemiological and societal changes, technological achievements and scientific advancements, healthcare systems have undergone an extensive series of reform plans. Therefore, health policy- and decision-makers have made efforts to develop and implement initiatives for preserving the quality of the healthcare provisions. Strategic purchasing is an approach of purchasing that takes into account several health-related issues such as a proper, comprehensive planning of service delivery, the design and selection of the best packages of services and provisions, the appropriate selection of providers and the allocation of economical and financial incentives to provide better services and to motivate managers to adopt appropriate policies to implement strategic purchasing. Here, we intend to consider the various dimensions and aspects that can be effective in strategic purchasing, as well as the main barriers and obstacles that hinder its full implementation.
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Cecchi F, Carrabba C, Bertolucci F, Castagnoli C, Falsini C, Gnetti B, Hochleitner I, Lucidi G, Martini M, Mosca IE, Pancani S, Paperini A, Verdesca S, Macchi C, Alt Murphy M. Transcultural translation and validation of Fugl–Meyer assessment to Italian. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 43:3717-3722. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1746844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Buoso S, Pagliari L, Musetti R, Fornasier F, Martini M, Loschi A, Fontanella MC, Ermacora P. With or Without You: Altered Plant Response to Boron-Deficiency in Hydroponically Grown Grapevines Infected by Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus Suggests a Relation Between Grapevine Leaf Mottling and Deformation Symptom Occurrence and Boron Plant Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:226. [PMID: 32194603 PMCID: PMC7062799 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing spread of Grapevine Leaf Mottling and Deformation (GLMD) worldwide, little is known about its etiology. After identification of grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) as the presumptive causal agent of the disease in 2015, various publications have evaluated GPGV involvement in GLMD. Nevertheless, there are only partial clues to explain the presence of GPGV in both symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevines and the mechanisms that trigger symptom development, and so a consideration of new factors is required. Given the similarities between GLMD and boron (B)-deficiency symptoms in grapevine plants, we posited that GPGV interferes in B homeostasis. By using a hydroponic system to control B availability, we investigated the effects of different B supplies on grapevine phenotype and those of GPGV infection on B acquisition and translocation machinery, by means of microscopy, ionomic and gene expression analyses in both roots and leaves. The transcription of the genes regulating B homeostasis was unaffected by the presence of GPGV alone, but was severely altered in plants exposed to both GPGV infection and B-deficiency, allowing us to speculate that the capricious and patchy occurrence of GLMD symptoms in the field may not be related solely to GPGV, but to GPGV interference in plant responses to different B availabilities. This hypothesis found preliminary positive confirmations in analyses on field-grown plants.
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Bassi P, Gianfrancesco L, Ragonese M, Palermo G, Pierconti F, Martini M, Racioppi M. Bladder EpiCheck in high risk population. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)30091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Santoro A, Piermattei A, Inzani F, Angelico G, Valente M, Arciuolo D, Spadola S, Martini M, Fanfani F, Fagotti A, Gallotta V, Scambia G, Zannoni GF. Frozen section accurately allows pathological characterization of endometrial cancer in patients with a preoperative ambiguous or inconclusive diagnoses: our experience. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1096. [PMID: 31718623 PMCID: PMC6852930 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the agreement rate between intraoperative evaluation (IOE) and final diagnosis (FD) in a series of surgically resected endometrial carcinoma (EC), with a preoperative ambiguous or inconclusive diagnosis by endometrial biopsies and imaging. Methods A retrospective study was performed selecting patients who underwent surgery with IOE for suspected EC at our institution from 2012 to 2018. A K coefficient was determined with respect to the histotype, tumor grade, myometrial infiltration and cervical involvement. Results Data analysis has been performed on 202 women. The IOE evaluation was distributed as Endometrioid (n = 180) and Non-Endometrioid (n = 22). The comparison between the frozen section (FS) and the definitive histological subtype showed an overall agreement rate of 93,07% (k = 0.612) and an agreement of 97.2% for Endometrioid vs 59% for Non-Endometrioid tumors. The FIGO system grading was the same in 91,1% of patients, none was upgraded and in 8,9% downgraded. Observed agreements were 89,11% and 95,54% for myometrial and cervical involvement, respectively. Conclusions The good agreement between intraoperative grading, myometrial invasion and their histological definition on permanent sections highlights that FS is a good predictor for surgical outcome, in particular in presence of a preoperative ambiguous or inconclusive diagnostic evaluation.
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Lora I, Gottardo F, Bonfanti L, Stefani AL, Soranzo E, Dall'Ava B, Capello K, Martini M, Barberio A. Transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves: the effectiveness of providing a supplementary colostrum meal in addition to nursing from the dam. Animal 2019; 13:2621-2629. [PMID: 31062681 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Failed transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy calves - which is often due to the low amount of colostrum provided within a few hours after birth - remains a crucial issue. Enabling dairy calves to nurse colostrum from their dams could be useful in increasing intake and thus avoiding FTPI, but further potential effects on the health and welfare of both calves and dams should also be considered. In this study, 107 calf-dam pairs from two Italian dairy farms were alternately assigned to one of the following colostrum provision methods (CPMs): 'hand-fed method' (HFM) - the calf was separated from the dam immediately after birth and colostrum was provided by nipple-bottle (n = 50); 'nursing method' (NM) - the calf nursed colostrum from the dam for the first 12 h of life without farmer assistance (n = 30); and 'mixed method' (MM) - the nursing calf received a supplementary colostrum meal by nipple-bottle (n = 27). Serum of calves (1 to 5 days of age) and samples of their first colostrum meal were analysed by electrophoresis to assess immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration. Additionally, behavioural indicators of separation distress (calf and dam vocalisations; calf refusal of the first meal after separation; undesirable dam behaviour at milking) in the following 24 h were recorded as binary variables (Yes/No), and the health status of calves (disease occurrence and mortality) and dams (postpartum disorders and mastitis occurrence) were monitored for the first 3 months of life and 7 days after parturition, respectively. The lowest FTPI occurrence (calf serum Ig concentration <10.0 g/l) was found in the MM (11.1%) and the HFM (22.0%) compared with the NM (60.0%) (P<0.05), and the highest percentage of calves with optimal transfer of passive immunity (serum Ig concentration ≥16.0 g/l) was observed in the MM (55.6%). The lowest calf-dam separation distress was observed in the HFM (P<0.05). The highest calf disease occurrence was recorded in the HFM (64.0%) and the lowest in the NM (33.3%), with an intermediate value for the MM (44.4%) (P<0.05). No effect of the CPM was observed on dam health or calf mortality (P>0.05). The results of this study indicated that providing calves with a supplementary colostrum meal in addition to nursing from the dam (MM) is truly effective in maximizing passive immunity transfer. Anyway, specific strategies should be studied to minimise calf-dam separation distress.
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Martini M, Mistrello G, Amato S, Bilò MB, Agolini S, Corsi A, Tontini A, Antonicelli L. Anaphylaxis to baobab fruit: the paradox of "natural healthy food". Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 51:282-284. [PMID: 31686469 DOI: 10.23822/eurannaci.1764-1489.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bilò MB, Tontini C, Martini M, Corsi A, Agolini S, Antonicelli L. Clinical aspects of hymenoptera venom allergy and venom immunotherapy. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 51:244-258. [PMID: 31594296 DOI: 10.23822/eurannaci.1764-1489.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Summary Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) is the most frequent cause of anaphylaxis in Europe, accounting for most of the severe reactions occurring in adults, and being the second cause of anaphylaxis in children. Prevention of further episodes in patients who developed a systemic reaction (SR) is based on the correct management of the allergic emergency, the referral to an allergist for a correct diagnosis, prescription of adrenaline auto-injectors (AAI) and specific venom immunotherapy (VIT), if recommended. Diagnosis is based on the classification of the type of reaction, confirmation of an IgE-mediated pathogenesis and the identification of the offending insect. The use of component resolved diagnostics may be helpful in case of poly-sensitization or negative allergy tests with a proven history of previous SRs. When a severe SR occurs, baseline serum tryptase levels should always be assessed. The prescription of AAI is recommended or suggested for untreated patients, patients undergoing VIT and after discontinuation of treatment, according to multiple evidence. VIT is the most effective treatment available for HVA patients, as confirmed by recent European guidelines. VIT has an early, sustained and persistent protective effect and modifies the natural course of the disease. Moreover, VIT proved to be safe and well tolerated. According to a recent systematic review, no treatment-related fatalities were recorded to date. Compared to AAI, VIT significantly improves the quality of life of HVA patients by reducing the anxiety and limitations in daily activities caused by the fear of stinging insects. The memory of a life-threatening experience is the most likely reason why adherence to VIT is higher compared to immunotherapy with inhalant allergens. Several risk factors in HVA have been identified that can influence not only the severity of sting reactions in untreated patents, but also the occurrence of side effects, treatment effectiveness and the risk of relapse after discontinuation of VIT. Patient and treatment-related risk factors must be considered while selecting the best candidates for VIT, the type and duration of treatment. In this paper we address the most important issues related to HVA and VIT that may have an impact on daily clinical practice.
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Pilotto S, Vita E, Sperduti I, Noia VPD, Grizzi G, D’Argento E, Simbolo M, Vicentini C, Caliò A, Mafficini A, Carbognin L, Corbo V, Gkountakos A, Santo A, Brunelli M, Martini M, Scarpa A, Milella M, Tortora G, Bria E. Exploring resistance to nivolumab [NIV] applying an Immune Genomic Signature (IGS) in advanced pretreated NSCLC [PRINCiPe study]. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz260.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Pilotto S, Di Noia V, Sperduti I, Grizzi G, D'Argento E, Simbolo M, Vicentini C, Caliò A, Mafficini A, Carbognin L, Corbo V, Gkountakos A, Vita E, Santo A, Brunelli M, Martini M, Scarpa A, Milella M, Tortora G, Bria E. P2.04-51 A 6-Gene Immune Genomic Signature (IGS) Predicts Resistance to Nivolumab [NIV] in Advanced Pretreated NSCLC: Results of PRINCiPe Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gatsiou A, Tual-Chalot S, Bonini F, Cesarini V, Ortega-Gomez A, Schook K, Hoffmann J, Kwak S, Selzman CH, Martini M, Dimmeler S, Gallo A, Drakos S, Soehnlein O, Stellos K. 1438MicroRNA editing is integral for interleukin-6 trans-signalling and leukocyte trafficking to ischemic tissues. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Aim
Adenosine to inosine RNA editing is an essential post-transcriptional RNA modification catalysed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-1 and -2 (ADAR1; ADAR2). Endothelial cells (ECs) attract and guide leukocytes to sites of ischemic tissue injury. Here we studied the role of RNA editing in ischemic disease.
Methods
Primary human and murine vascular endothelial cell cultures were used to assess the EC responses to interleukin-6 (IL-6) or ischemia. For the animal studies, the effect of ADAR2 in acute and chronic ischemic disease was evaluated in cremaster muscle microcirculation by intravital microscopy, in peritoneal cavity after sterile peritonitis and in gastrocnemius muscle after hind-limb ischemia by 8-colour flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies of Adar2−/−/tg as well as of i(nducible)EC-ADAR2 knockout (KO) mice. For the mechanistic studies, deep RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, western blot, confocal microscopy, target-specific microRNA (miRNA) editing studies, RNA-immunoprecipitation, miRNA/plasmid silencing/overexpression and luciferase reporter assays were used among others. For human studies, ischemic tissues derived from patients with acute or chronic ischemic heart disease were processed.
Results
ADAR2, but not ADAR1, expression is induced by >2-fold in hypoxic ECs and in ischemic vascular ECs in mice and humans. Unbiased gene ontology analysis of the EC transcriptome indicated that ADAR2 controls inflammatory responses and predominantly the expression of interleukin-6-signal transducer (IL6ST), the co-receptor of IL-6. Subsequently, ADAR2 controls IL-6 trans-signalling in ECs as documented by the STAT3 phosphorylation and expression of the downstream leukocyte adhesion molecules, E-selectin and VCAM-1. IL-6-inflamed cremaster muscles showed that rolling and adhesion of leukocyte subsets to vascular wall were severely impaired in Adar2−/−/tg mice. Leukocyte transmigration was also diminished by >2-fold in Adar2−/−/tg and in iEC-ADAR2 KO mice in response to IL-6 or ischemia. Similar results were obtained for leukocyte rolling, adhesion and infiltration after acute (4h) and chronic (3d; 21d) ischemia from iEC-ADAR2 KO mice and human ischemic muscle tissues. Next we studied how ADAR2 controls IL6ST expression. ADAR2-deficient vascular EC miRNAome revealed the upregulation of a conserved group of miRNAs targeting the IL6ST mRNA including miR-199a-5p and miR-335-3p. At a single-nucleotide level, ADAR2-induced RNA editing of the stem loops of the primary miR-199a1/2 and miR-335 directly disrupted Drosha recruitment to both and thus inhibited their maturation process. Accordingly, rescue experiments using miRNA-inhibitors restored IL6ST levels after ADAR2 deficiency.
Conclusion
Taking together, inhibition of the microRNA maturation process by ADAR2-mediated RNA editing is integral for IL-6 trans-signalling in vascular endothelium and subsequent leukocyte trafficking to ischemic tissues in mice and humans.
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Buoso S, Pagliari L, Musetti R, Martini M, Marroni F, Schmidt W, Santi S. 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' interferes with the distribution and uptake of iron in tomato. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:703. [PMID: 31500568 PMCID: PMC6734453 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ is endemic in Europe and infects a wide range of weeds and cultivated plants. Phytoplasmas are prokaryotic plant pathogens that colonize the sieve elements of their host plant, causing severe alterations in phloem function and impairment of assimilate translocation. Typical symptoms of infected plants include yellowing of leaves or shoots, leaf curling, and general stunting, but the molecular mechanisms underlying most of the reported changes remain largely enigmatic. To infer a possible involvement of Fe in the host-phytoplasma interaction, we investigated the effects of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) grown under different Fe regimes. Results Both phytoplasma infection and Fe starvation led to the development of chlorotic leaves and altered thylakoid organization. In infected plants, Fe accumulated in phloem tissue, altering the local distribution of Fe. In infected plants, Fe starvation had additive effects on chlorophyll content and leaf chlorosis, suggesting that the two conditions affected the phenotypic readout via separate routes. To gain insights into the transcriptional response to phytoplasma infection, or Fe deficiency, transcriptome profiling was performed on midrib-enriched leaves. RNA-seq analysis revealed that both stress conditions altered the expression of a large (> 800) subset of common genes involved in photosynthetic light reactions, porphyrin / chlorophyll metabolism, and in flowering control. In Fe-deficient plants, phytoplasma infection perturbed the Fe deficiency response in roots, possibly by interference with the synthesis or transport of a promotive signal transmitted from the leaves to the roots. Conclusions ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ infection changes the Fe distribution in tomato leaves, affects the photosynthetic machinery and perturbs the orchestration of root-mediated transport processes by compromising shoot-to-root communication. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-6062-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Bisegna C, Gravina GL, Pierconti F, Martini M, Larocca L, Rossi P, Grimaldi P, Dolci S, Di Stasi S, Jannini EA. Regulation of PDE5 expression in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and adenocarcinoma. Andrology 2019; 8:427-433. [PMID: 31433119 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) expression in the normal and pathological prostate is controversial. OBJECTIVES This study aimed at identifying the cell type/s, if any, expressing PDE5 in human healthy or pathological prostate sections in order to further validate the rationale of PDE5 inhibitor (PDE5i) treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and their safety in the treatment of erectile dysfunction following prostate cancer (PCa) surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS By immunohistochemical analysis, we studied PDE5 expression in tissue microarrays containing sections obtained from healthy, BPH, and PCa samples. RESULTS Our results showed that PDE5 is barely expressed in the epithelial or stromal compartment of normal human prostates, but it is highly expressed in the stromal compartment of BPH sections. We also found that a low but significant number of PCa samples (22%) expressed PDE5 in the epithelial cancer cells but not in stromal cells and that such expression was not correlated with the tumor aggressiveness, according to their Gleason score. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION PDE5 overexpression in the stromal compartment of BPH samples supports the rationale of PDE5 as a target in lower urinary tract symptoms of BPH. PDE5 expression in a significant percentage of PCa samples but the lack of correlation with the Gleason score suggests that this enzyme is not correlated with tumor aggressiveness; however, a role of PDE5 in the minimal residual disease of PCa cannot be excluded.
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Fanelli D, Tesi M, Bagnato G, Salari F, Martini M, Panzani D, Camillo F, Rota A. New simplified protocols for timed artificial insemination (TAI) in milk-producing donkeys. Theriogenology 2019; 139:126-131. [PMID: 31401478 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the outcome of two new timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols in a milk-producing donkey farm. Ninety Amiata jennies were inseminated at the moment of ovulation induction with hCG, with fresh-transported semen that had been stored at room temperature from 3 up to 6 h, with an approximate average storage time of 4 h and a half. In both protocols, on Day 0 jennies were treated with alfaprostol (PGF2α), and on Day 7 they were checked by ultrasound (US) and, if in estrus, they were treated in order to induce ovulation and were then artificially inseminated. In the slow-short TAI protocol, jennies not already inseminated were treated again with PGF2α at Day 14. On day 21 US was repeated and estrus jennies were induced to ovulate and inseminated. In the fast-long TAI protocol, US was performed once a week in jennies not already inseminated and if found in estrus, they were induced to ovulate and inseminated, while those not in estrus were treated again with PGF2α. This protocol was repeated for up to nine weeks. The rates of inseminated/treated, pregnant/inseminated and pregnant/treated jennies were 76%, 56% and 43% for the slow-short TAI protocol and 94%, 47% and 44% for the fast-long TAI protocol. The age class and the lactation status of the jennies had no significant effect on synchronization success or final pregnancy rate. This study demonstrates that it is possible to achieve reasonable pregnancy rates through simplified TAI protocols in jennies, reducing animal handling to a minimum.
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Bensi M, Calegari M, Basso M, Orlandi A, Boccaccino A, Lombardo F, Zurlo I, Stefano BD, Camarda F, Vivolo R, Cocomazzi A, Martini M, Auriemma A, Pozzo C, Bria E, Salvatore L, Tortora G. Clinical, pathological, and prognostic features of rare BRAF mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer: a bi-institutional retrospective analysis (REBUS study). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz155.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Polano C, Martini M, Savian F, Moruzzi S, Ermacora P, Firrao G. Genome Sequence and Antifungal Activity of Two Niche-Sharing Pseudomonas protegens Related Strains Isolated from Hydroponics. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 77:1025-1035. [PMID: 30088023 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the comparison of the genome sequence and the ability to inhibit fungal growth of two Pseudomonas protegens related strains that were isolated from the same hydroponic culture of lamb's lettuce. The two strains were very similar in their core genome but one strain, Pf4, contained three gene clusters for the production of secondary metabolites, i.e., pyoluteorin (plt), pyrrolnitrin (prn), and rhizoxin (rzx), that were missing in the other strain, Pf11. The difference between the two strains was not due to simple insertion events, but to a relatively complex differentiation focused on the accessory genomes. In dual culture assays, both strains inhibited nearly all tested fungal strains, yet Pf4 exerted a significantly stronger fungal growth inhibition than Pf11. In addition to the differences in the secondary metabolite production associated genes abundance, the genome of Pf4 was more stable, smaller in size and with a lower number of transposons. The preservation of a dynamic equilibrium within natural populations of different strains comprised in the same species but differing in their secondary metabolite repertoire and in their genome stability may be functional to the adaptation to environmental changes.
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