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Kwon MJ, Kang HS, Kim MJ, Kim NY, Choi HG, Lim H. Chronic Periodontitis and the Potential Likelihood of Gastric Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study in the Korean Population Utilizing a National Health Sample Cohort. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3974. [PMID: 37568790 PMCID: PMC10417201 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited information regarding the potential association between chronic periodontitis (CP) and gastric cancer, especially in the Korean population. This study aimed to explore this relationship. This nested case-control study analyzed data from 10,174 patients with gastric cancer and 40,696 controls from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort using propensity score matching. Standardized differences were used to compare baseline characteristics between study groups. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for confounders were conducted to assess the association between history of CP and gastric cancer occurrence. CP histories and comprehensive subgroup analyses in the 1- and 2-year periods preceding the index date were evaluated. Individuals with a history of CP within the 1-year and 2-year periods showed an increased likelihood of developing gastric cancer. Subgroup analyses consistently supported these findings in male participants aged <65 years and individuals with various income levels or living in residential areas. However, no significant associations were observed among participants aged ≥65 years. In conclusion, CP may be a potential risk factor for gastric cancer development in the Korean population. Regular screening for gastric cancer may be necessary for high-risk individuals, specifically men aged <65 years with a history of CP.
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Kwon MJ, Choi HG, Kim YH, Kim JH, Rim HT, Lee HS, Oh JK, Chang IB, Song JH, Kim JH. A higher probability of subsequent stroke and ischemic heart disease in migraine patients: a longitudinal follow-up study in Korea. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:98. [PMID: 37525107 PMCID: PMC10391882 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01632-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether migraine is related to the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal follow-up study to address the association between migraine and the development of CVDs in Korea. METHODS Using data from the national health screening cohort, we included 45,246 patients diagnosed with migraine between 2002 and 2019 and age-, sex-, income-, and residential region-matched nonmigraine participants at a ratio of 1:4. Participants with previous CVDs were excluded. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios of three CVDs, stroke, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure, in patients with migraine after adjusting for potential cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS The incidence rate differences of stroke, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure among patients with migraine were 2.61, 1.69, and 0.11, respectively. The probability of developing stroke and ischemic heart disease in patients with migraine was significantly higher than that in controls after controlling for multiple confounders (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31-1.39 and adjusted HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.26-1.35, respectively). However, when compared with the patients without migraine, patients with migraine did not have an increased HR of developing heart failure (adjusted HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.95-1.08). The overall migraine group, as well as groups stratified by migraine subtypes with and without aura, each showed a significantly higher probability of subsequent stroke and ischemic heart disease than the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our longitudinal follow-up study demonstrated a significant association between the presence of migraine and the development of stroke and ischemic heart disease in Korea, even after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors.
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Kim SY, Choi HG, Kim YH, Kwon MJ, Kim JH, Lee HS, Kim JH. Longitudinal study of the inverse relationship between Parkinson's disease and cancer in Korea. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:116. [PMID: 37481603 PMCID: PMC10363116 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite growing epidemiological evidence, the relationship between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer has not been conclusively demonstrated, and related studies are scarce in the Asian population. We aimed to determine the association between PD and subsequent development of various cancers from longitudinal data of a representative sample of Korean adults aged ≥40 years. We retrospectively identified 8381 patients diagnosed with PD from 2002 to 2019 using claims data among 514,866 people of random samples from the Korean National Health Insurance database. We sampled 33,524 age-, sex-, income-, and residential area-matched participants without PD from the same database. The longitudinal associations between PD and overall cancer, as well as 10 common types of cancer, were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of all cancer types was 0.63 (95% confidence interval = 0.57-0.69) in patients with PD compared with matched controls. The aHRs of gastric, thyroid, colorectal, lung, hepatic, and pancreatic cancer and hematological malignancy were 0.69 (0.56-0.85), 0.60 (0.39-0.93), 0.56 (0.44-0.70), 0.71 (0.58-0.84), 0.64 (0.48-0.86), 0.37 (0.23-0.60), and 0.56 (0.36-0.87), respectively. The associations of bladder, gallbladder and biliary duct, and kidney cancer with PD were not statistically significant. Our findings show inverse associations between overall cancer and most cancer types in patients with PD. These inverse associations and their pathogeneses merit further investigation.
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Kwon MJ, Kim JK, Kim JH, Kim JH, Kim MJ, Kim NY, Choi HG, Kim ES. Exploring the Link between Chronic Kidney Disease and Parkinson's Disease: Insights from a Longitudinal Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:3205. [PMID: 37513623 PMCID: PMC10385674 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are common illnesses found in the geriatric population. A potential link between CKD and PD emergence has been hypothesized; however, existing conclusions are disputed. In this longitudinal research, we analyzed data acquired from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. The dataset comprised the health information of 16,559 individuals clinically diagnosed with CKD and 66,236 control subjects of comparable ages, all aged ≥40 years. These subjects participated in health examinations from 2002 to 2019. To assess the correlation between CKD and PD, we employed overlap-weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models. The unadjusted, crude hazard ratio for PD was greater in the CKD group than in the control group (crude hazard ration (HR) 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-1.39; p = 0.011). However, the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, incorporating propensity score overlap weighting, revealed no significant discrepancy after considering confounding variables such as demographic factors, socio-economic status, lifestyle, and concurrent health conditions (adjusted HR (aHR), 1.09; 95% CI = 0.97-1.22; p = 0.147). Subgroup analyses showed a higher probability of PD development among certain CKD individuals, including those who resided in rural areas (aHR, 1.19; 95% CI = 1.03-1.37; p = 0.022), maintained a normal weight (aHR, 1.29; 95% CI = 1.08-1.56; p = 0.006), or had fasting blood glucose levels ≥100 mg/dL (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI = 1.00-1.39; p = 0.046). Therefore, these clinical or environmental factors may influence the incidence of PD in CKD patients. In conclusion, our results suggest that the general CKD population may not exhibit a greater propensity for PD than their non-CKD counterparts. However, this might be contingent upon specific lifestyle and comorbid conditions. Thus, certain lifestyle alterations could be crucial in mitigating the potential manifestation of PD in patients diagnosed with CKD.
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Kim JH, Kwon MJ, Choi HG, Lee SJ, Hwang S, Lee J, Lee SH, Lee JW. Changes in the mean incidence and variance of orthopedic diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: a retrospective study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:540. [PMID: 37393227 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the amount of moderate- to high-intensity physical activity significantly decreased. Therefore, the epidemiology of musculoskeletal diseases could possibly have changed. We assessed changes in the incidence of and variance in non-traumatic orthopedic diseases before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. METHODS This study included data from the Korea National Health Insurance Service, which covers the entire Korean population (approximately 50 million), from January 2018 to June 2021. Using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes, 12 common orthopedic diseases were evaluated, including cervical disc disorders, lumbar disc disorders, forward head posture, myofascial pain syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, tennis elbow, frozen shoulder, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, hip fracture, distal radius fracture, and spine fracture diseases. "Pre-COVID-19" was the period until February 2020, and "COVID-19 pandemic period" was the period starting March 2020. Differences in the mean incidence and variance of diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared. RESULTS In most cases, the incidence of orthopedic diseases decreased at the beginning of the pandemic and then increased thereafter. Among the 12 diseases, the incidence of three diseases showed a statistically significant change. The incidence of myofascial pain syndrome (P < 0.001) was lower during the COVID-19 pandemic than during the pre-COVID-19 period. The incidences of frozen shoulder (P < 0.001) and gout (P = 0.043) were higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than during the pre-COVID-19 period. However, no statistical difference in disease variations was observed between the two periods. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of orthopedic diseases varied during the COVID-19 pandemic among the Korean population. Although the incidence of myofascial pain syndrome was lower, that of frozen shoulder and gout was higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than during the pre-COVID-19 period. No disease variations during the COVID-19 pandemic were found.
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Jang S, Choi HG, Kwon MJ, Kim JH, Kim JH, Kim SY. Relation of Statin Use with Esophageal Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:900. [PMID: 37375847 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the association of long-term statin use with the diagnosis and mortality of esophageal cancer in a Korean population. The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort from 2002 to 2019 was enrolled. Esophageal cancer patients were matched with control participants for demographic variables. The statin prescription histories were collected and grouped into <180 days, 180 to 545 days, and >545 days of duration. Propensity score overlap weighting was applied to minimize the bias between the esophageal cancer and control groups. The odds ratios (ORs) of the duration of statin use for esophageal cancer were analyzed using propensity score overlap weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis. The esophageal cancer group was classified as dead and surviving patients, and the ORs of the duration of statin use for the mortality of esophageal cancer were analyzed in an identical manner. Secondary analyses were conducted according to comorbid factors. Patients with esophageal cancer did not show lower odds for the duration of statin prescription in the overall study population (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.03-1.65, p = 0.027 for 180 to 545 days and OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.08-1.55, p = 0.006 for >545 days). Subgroups of nonsmokers, past and current smokers, alcohol consumption ≥ 1 time a week, SBP < 140 mmHg and DBP < 90 mmHg, fasting blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL, total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL, CCI score = 0, and nondyslipidemia history demonstrated low odds for the duration of statin prescription. Both types of statins, hydrophilic and lipophilic statins, were not related to a lower rate of esophageal cancer. The mortality of esophageal cancer was not associated with the duration of statin prescription. A subgroup with total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL showed lower odds of statin prescription for mortality of esophageal cancer. The duration of statin prescription was not related to a lower rate or mortality of esophageal cancer in the adult Korean population.
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Kwon MJ, Song YR, Kim JH, Kim JH, Kang HS, Lim H, Kim MJ, Kim NY, Hong S, Choi Y, Min KW, Choi HG, Kim ES. Exploring the Link between Chronic Kidney Disease and Alzheimer's Disease: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Using the Korean National Health Screening Cohort. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1606. [PMID: 37371701 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are common chronic diseases in the elderly population. Although a relationship between CKD and the occurrence of AD has been proposed, previous research results have been disputed, and further investigation is necessary to confirm this relationship. In this longitudinal follow-up study, we examined data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort, consisting of 15,756 individuals with CKD and 63,024 matched controls aged ≥40 years who received health check-ups between 2002 and 2019. Overlap-weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models were exploited to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between CKD and AD. During the monitoring period, individuals with CKD had a greater incidence of AD than those without CKD (15.80 versus 12.40 per 1000 person years). After accounting for various factors, CKD was significantly associated with a 1.14-fold increased likelihood of developing AD, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 1.08 to 1.20. In subgroup analysis, this relationship persisted irrespective of age (≥70 or <70), sex, income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, place of residence, or fasting blood glucose level. Additionally, the association between CKD and AD was still evident among patients who were overweight or obese, those with normal blood pressure or cholesterol levels, and those without any other health conditions or with a CCI score of ≥2. These results suggest that CKD could increase the probability of developing AD in the Korean adult population irrespective of demographic or lifestyle conditions. This may make it challenging to predict AD in patients with CKD, emphasizing the importance of frequent AD screening and management.
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Lee SM, Ha HI, Lee IJ, Lee K, Lee JW, Park JW, Kim SE, Kwon MJ, Choe JY, Yoon SY, Yeo SG, Kim MJ. Comparison between Two-Dimensional and Point Shear Wave Elastography Techniques in Evaluating Liver Fibrosis Using Histological Staging as the Reference Standard: A Prospective Pilot Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091646. [PMID: 37175039 PMCID: PMC10178401 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of hepatic fibrosis is essential to prevent liver-related morbidity and mortality. Although various types of ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) have been used and validated, there are limited studies on the relatively newer technique, two-dimensional SWE (2D-SWE). Therefore, this study aimed to compare the diagnostic performances of 2D-SWE and point SWE (p-SWE) for evaluating liver fibrosis using histology as the reference standard. To measure liver stiffness (LS) values, 87 patients underwent 2D-SWE and p-SWE using the same machine. Technical failures and unreliable measurements were also evaluated. The diagnostic performances of 2D-SWE and p-SWE were compared using area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve analysis. No technical failures were observed in either method; however, unreliable measurements were less frequent in 2D-SWE (1/87 [1.1%]) than in p-SWE (8/87 [9.2%]) (p < 0.001). The AUROC of the LS values of 2D-SWE were significantly higher than those of p-SWE for diagnosing significant fibrosis (0.965 vs. 0.872, p = 0.022) and cirrhosis (0.994 vs. 0.886, p = 0.042). In conclusion, 2D-SWE is more reliable and accurate than p-SWE for diagnosing hepatic fibrosis.
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Han MH, Baek JM, Min KW, Cheong JH, Ryu JI, Won YD, Kwon MJ, Koh SH. DKK3 expression is associated with immunosuppression and poor prognosis in glioblastoma, in contrast to lower-grade gliomas. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:183. [PMID: 37149563 PMCID: PMC10163766 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously reported that expression of dickkopf-3 (DKK3), which is involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, is significantly associated with prognosis in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The aim of this study was to compare the association of DKK3 with other Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related genes and immune responses between lower grade glioma (LGG) and GBM. METHODS We obtained the clinicopathological data of 515 patients with LGG (World Health Organization [WHO] grade II and III glioma) and 525 patients with GBM from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We performed Pearson's correlation analysis to investigate the relationships between Wnt/β-catenin-related gene expression in LGG and GBM. Linear regression analysis was performed to identify the association between DKK3 expression and immune cell fractions in all grade II to IV gliomas. RESULTS A total of 1,040 patients with WHO grade II to IV gliomas were included in the study. As the grade of glioma increased, DKK3 showed a tendency to be more strongly positively correlated with the expression of other Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related genes. DKK3 was not associated with immunosuppression in LGG but was associated with downregulation of immune responses in GBM. We hypothesized that the role of DKK3 in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway might be different between LGG and GBM. CONCLUSION According to our findings, DKK3 expression had a weak effect on LGG but a significant effect on immunosuppression and poor prognosis in GBM. Therefore, DKK3 expression seems to play different roles, through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, between LGG and GBM.
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Lee EJ, Kim JH, Choi HG, Kang HS, Lim H, Kim JH, Cho SJ, Nam ES, Park HY, Kim NY, Kwon MJ. Comparison of the Concordance of Allergic Diseases between Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HTS Data. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050721. [PMID: 37240891 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of allergic diseases. However, there is limited information on these factors in the Korean population. This study investigated the importance of genetic and environmental factors in allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, or atopic dermatitis, by comparing the disease incidence in Korean adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins. This cross-sectional study utilized data from 1296 twin pairs, including 1052 monozygotic and 244 dizygotic twins, aged over 20 years, from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (2005-2014). The study utilized binomial and multinomial logistic regression models to compute odds ratios of disease concordance. The concordance rate (92%) of the presence or absence of atopic dermatitis in monozygotic twins was slightly higher than that in dizygotic twins (90.2%), which only had a borderline significance (p = 0.090). The concordance rates of other allergic diseases within monozygotic twins were lower compared to dizygotic twins (asthma, 94.3% vs. 95.1%; allergic rhinitis, 77.5% vs. 78.7%; allergic conjunctivitis, 90.6% vs. 91.8%), of which the differences were not statistically significant. Monozygotic twins had a higher proportion of cases in which both siblings had allergic diseases than dizygotic twins (asthma, 1.1% vs. 0.0%; allergic rhinitis, 6.7% vs. 3.3%; atopic dermatitis, 2.9% vs. 0.0%; allergic conjunctivitis, 1.5% vs. 0.0%), of which the differences were also not statistically significant. In conclusion, our results appear to indicate the relative importance of environmental factors over genetic factor in the development of allergic diseases in Korean adult monozygotic twins.
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Kwon MJ, Kim JH, Kang HS, Lim H, Kim MJ, Kim NY, Kim SH, Choi HG, Kim ES. Possible Incidental Parkinson's Disease following Asthma: A Nested Case-Control Study in Korea. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050718. [PMID: 37240888 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A connection between asthma and the occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been suggested, but the findings have been contentious and require verification. In this nested case-control study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort (2002-2019), which comprised 9029 participants with PD and 36,116 matched controls, we explored the relationship between asthma and incident PD. An overlap-weighted logistic regression model was used to measure the probability of asthma and PD. After adjusting for various covariates, we found that asthma was related to a 1.11-fold greater probability of PD (95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.16). A subgroup analysis showed that this effect was independent of age, sex, residential area, or alcohol consumption, and that it was still noticeable even among patients with a high income; those with a normal weight or obesity; those who were non-smokers or current smokers; and those with no history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, or anemia. Thus, these findings may indicate that asthma may slightly augment the likelihood of PD in the Korean adult population regardless of demographic or lifestyle factors, making it difficult to predict PD in asthma patients.
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Kwon MJ, Lee JW, Kang HS, Lim H, Kim ES, Kim NY, Choi HG, Kim MJ. Association between Gallstone Disease and Statin Use: A Nested Case-Control Study in Korea. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040536. [PMID: 37111293 PMCID: PMC10143191 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation between statin use and the development of gallstone disease remains controversial. Existing data, primarily based on Caucasian populations, are biased, thus necessitating validation studies involving Asian cohorts. We conducted a nested case-control study using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Health Screening Cohort (2002-2019) to determine the likelihood of gallstone disease according to periods of previous statin use and type of statin. Among the 514,866 participants, 22,636 diagnosed with gallstones at ≥2 clinic visits (using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, code K80) were matched 1:4 to 90,544 controls for age, sex, income, and residential area, and their statin prescription history for 2 years prior to the index date was examined. Propensity-score-weighted odds ratios (ORs) for gallstone disease were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Long-term use (>545 days) of any statin or lipophilic statins was associated with lower odds of incident gallstones (OR = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.86-0.96, p < 0.001 and OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.83-0.93, p < 0.001, respectively) after adjusting for confounders. Short-term use (180-545 days) of any statin or hydrophilic statins was not statistically related to incident gallstones. In summary, prior statin medication, particularly long-term lipophilic statin use, may confer a preventive advantage against gallstone disease.
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Kang HS, Park HY, Lim H, Son IT, Kim MJ, Kim NY, Kim MJ, Nam ES, Cho SJ, Kwon MJ. Different miRNAs Related to FBXW7 Mutations or High Mitotic Indices Contribute to Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076329. [PMID: 37047300 PMCID: PMC10093831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that miRNA may be involved in the development of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). We explored the frequency of clinicopathologically relevant mutations and miRNA expression in rectal NETs to examine molecular profiles related to prognosis and behavior. Twenty-four eligible specimens with endoscopically excised rectal NETs were selected. Next-generation sequencing and an miRNA expression assay were used to evaluate the expression profile relevant to common genetic mutations in rectal NETs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis predicted that the possible target signaling pathways were correlated with dysregulated miRNAs. Nineteen rectal NETs harbored more than one mutation in the 24 cancer-related genes. Seven miRNAs (hsa-miR-769-5p, hsa-miR-221-3p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-181c-5p, hsa-miR-1246, hsa-miR-324-5p, and hsa-miR-361-3p) were significantly down-regulated in tumors harboring the FBWX7 mutation. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis showed that up-regulation of these seven miRNAs may result in high mitotic indices, indicating the role of miRNAs in tumor progression. Among the down-regulated miRNAs, hsa-miR-769-5p was strongly correlated with extracellular matrix–receptor interaction and lysine degradation. Among the clinicopathological factors, up-regulated hsa-miR-3934-5p was linked to an increased mitotic count. No change in miRNA expression was associated with a tumor size >1 cm, lymphovascular invasion, or Ki-67 index. In summary, we identified different miRNA signatures involved in FBXW7 mutations or high mitotic indices in rectal NETs, which may play a critical role in tumor behavior.
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Kim KS, Moon KM, Min KW, Jung WY, Shin SJ, Lee SW, Kwon MJ, Kim DH, Oh S, Noh YK. Low gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBOX1) expression as a prognostic biomarker in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a machine learning approach. J Pathol Clin Res 2023; 9:236-248. [PMID: 36864013 PMCID: PMC10073934 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBOX1) is a catalyst for the conversion of gamma-butyrobetaine to l-carnitine, which is detected in normal renal tubules. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prognosis, immune response, and genetic alterations associated with low BBOX1 expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We analyzed the relative influence of BBOX1 on survival using machine learning and investigated drugs that can inhibit renal cancer cells with low BBOX1 expression. We analyzed clinicopathologic factors, survival rates, immune profiles, and gene sets according to BBOX1 expression in a total of 857 patients with kidney cancer from the Hanyang University Hospital cohort (247 cases) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (610 cases). We employed immunohistochemical staining, gene set enrichment analysis, in silico cytometry, pathway network analyses, in vitro drug screening, and gradient boosting machines. BBOX1 expression in RCC was decreased compared with that in normal tissues. Low BBOX1 expression was associated with poor prognosis, decreased CD8+ T cells, and increased neutrophils. In gene set enrichment analyses, low BBOX1 expression was related to gene sets with oncogenic activity and a weak immune response. In pathway network analysis, BBOX1 was linked to regulation of various T cells and programmed death-ligand 1. In vitro drug screening showed that midostaurin, BAY-61-3606, GSK690693, and linifanib inhibited the growth of RCC cells with low BBOX1 expression. Low BBOX1 expression in patients with RCC is related to short survival time and reduced CD8+ T cells; midostaurin, among other drugs, may have enhanced therapeutic effects in this context.
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Chu J, Min KW, Kim DH, Son BK, Kim HS, Jung US, Kwon MJ, Do SI. High PPFIA1 expression promotes cancer survival by suppressing CD8+ T cells in breast cancer: drug discovery and machine learning approach. Breast Cancer 2023; 30:259-270. [PMID: 36478321 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PTPRF-interacting protein alpha 1 (PPFIA1) plays an important role as a regulator of cell motility and tumor cell invasion and is frequently amplified in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features, survival, anticancer immunities and specific gene sets related to high PPFIA1 expression in patients with breast cancer. We verified the importance of PPFIA1 and survival rates using machine learning and identified drugs that can effectively reduce breast cancer cells with high PPFIA1 expression. METHODS This study analyzed clinicopathologic factors, survival rates, immune profiles and gene sets according to PPFIA1 expression in 3457 patients with breast cancer from the Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center cohort (456 cases), Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (1904 cases) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (1097 cases). We applied gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), in silico cytometry, pathway network analyses, in vitro drug screening, and gradient boosting machine (GBM) analysis. RESULTS High PPFIA1 expression in breast cancer was associated with worse prognosis, with reduced tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, especially CD8+ T cells, and increased PD-L1 expression. In pathway network analysis, PPFIA1 was linked directly to the tyrosine-protein phosphatase pathway and indirectly to immune pathways. The importance of PPFIA1's association with survival in GBM analysis was higher than that of perineural and lymphovascular invasion. In in vitro drug screening, expression of PPFIA1 on mRNA level positively correlated with sensitivity of cell lines to erlotinib. CONCLUSION High PPFIA1 in patients with breast cancer is related to poor prognosis and decreased anticancer immune response, and erlotinib may be promising for development of therapeutic approaches in patients with tumors overexpressing PPFIA1.
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Yoon DY, Kim ES, Lee CW, Seo YL, Lee Y, Kwon MJ, Lee SM. Computed tomography findings of thyroid hemiagenesis: differentiation from hemithyroidectomy. BMC Med Imaging 2023; 23:8. [PMID: 36627559 PMCID: PMC9832612 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-023-00961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the lack of development of one thyroid lobe. The purpose of this study was to evaluate computed tomography (CT) findings of thyroid hemiagenesis and to establish useful CT criteria for differentiating thyroid hemiagenesis from the hemithyroidectomy state. METHODS The CT images of 11 patients with thyroid hemiagenesis were retrospectively reviewed and compared with those of 100 (49 left and 51 right) patients in a hemithyroidectomy state. Image analysis was performed according to the following CT parameters: (a) side of thyroid hemiagenesis, (b) edge of the medial end of the remnant thyroid gland, (c) location of the medial end of the remnant thyroid gland, expressed as the angle of the medial end and (d) any other thyroid abnormality observed during the initial examination. RESULTS The missing lobe occurred more often in the left than in the right lobe (72.7% vs. 27.3%) as well as concomitant isthmus agenesis (100% vs. 37.5%). The sharp edge of the medial end of the remnant thyroid gland was more common in thyroid hemiagenesis (64%) than in hemithyroidectomy (26%) (P = 0.0153). In left thyroid hemiagenesis, the angle of the medial end (63%) was more frequently > + 30° than in hemithyroidectomy (0%) (P < 0.0001). Two patients presented with hypothyroidism; the remaining nine showed a normal thyroid function. The associated thyroid diseases were autoimmune thyroiditis (n = 1) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS The sharp edge of the medial end of the remnant thyroid gland and an angle of > + 30° for the medial end in cases wherein the left lobe is absent are useful CT features for distinguishing thyroid hemiagenesis from hemithyroidectomy.
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Kwon MJ, Park JY, Kim SG, Kim JK, Lim H, Kim JH, Kim JH, Cho SJ, Nam ES, Park HY, Kim NY, Kang HS. Potential Association of Osteoporosis and Not Osteoporotic Fractures in Patients with Gout: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010134. [PMID: 36615792 PMCID: PMC9823608 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Health issues associated with gout and increased occurrence of osteoporosis or fractures have been raised; however, the results are elusive. Herein, we explored the possible link between gout and incident osteoporosis/osteoporotic fractures based on long-term follow-up nationwide data. This study enrolled 16,305 patients with gout and 65,220 controls who were matched by propensity score at a 1:4 ratio on the basis of sex, age, income, and residence from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort database (2002−2015). A Cox proportional hazard model was employed to identify the relevance between gout and incident osteoporosis/fractures, following adjustment for various covariates. In the follow-up period, osteoporosis developed in 761 individuals with gout and 2805 controls (incidence rates: 8.0 and 7.3/1000 person-years, respectively), and each osteoporotic fracture in the distal radius (2.8 vs. 2.7/1000 person-years), hip (1.3 vs. 1.3/1000 person-years), and spine (4.5 vs. 4.5/1000 person-years) occurred in gout and control groups, respectively. After adjustment, the gout group presented an 11% higher development of osteoporosis (95% confidence interval = 1.02−1.20) than the controls (p = 0.011). Subgroup analyses maintained the augment of incident osteoporosis in sufferers with gout, particularly in either men or <60 years. However, no such relevance was identified between gout and incident osteoporotic fractures at any site. In conclusion, gout may result in a slightly elevated likelihood of developing osteoporosis, and not osteoporotic fractures, in the Korean population.
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Kim JH, Kwon MJ, Choi HG, Lee SJ, Kim SW, Kim JH, Kwon BC, Lee JW. The association between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease history: A cross-sectional study using KoGES HEXA data. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32338. [PMID: 36595830 PMCID: PMC9794208 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examines the association between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study from 2004 to 2016 were analyzed. Among the 173,209 participants, we selected 11,453 patients with hyperuricemia and 152,255 controls (non-hyperuricemia). We obtained the history of CVDs (stroke and ischemic heart disease [IHD]) from all participants. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) (age, income group, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, anthropometry data, and nutritional intake) for CVDs were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Participants with hyperuricemia reported a significantly higher prevalence of stroke (2.4% vs 1.3%) and IHD (5.6% vs 2.8%) than controls did (P < .001). Participants with hyperuricemia had a significantly higher aOR for CVD than the controls. The aOR of hyperuricemia for stroke was 1.22 (95% confidence interval = 1.07-1.39, P = .004). When analyzed by subgroup according to age and sex, this result was only persistent in women. The aOR of hyperuricemia for IHD was 1.45 (95% confidence interval = 1.33-1.59, P < .001). In the subgroup analyses, the results were similar, except in young men. Hyperuricemia was significantly associated with CVD in the Korean population.
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Choi HG, Kim JH, Kim JH, Kim ES, Park HY, Min KW, Kwon MJ. Associations between proton pump inhibitors and Alzheimer’s disease: a nested case–control study using a Korean nationwide health screening cohort. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:91. [PMID: 35773740 PMCID: PMC9248149 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Safety concerns against the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) based on the risk of dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD), remain controversial. Here, we investigated the likelihood of AD depending on previous PPI exposure, use duration, and PPI generation. Methods This nested case–control study comprised 17,225 AD patients who were 1:4 matched with 68,900 controls for age, sex, income, and region of residence from Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data between 2002 and 2015 using propensity-score matching method. Conditional and unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the effects of previous PPI use on AD adjusting for multiple covariates. Results Prior PPI use increased likelihood for AD in current and past PPI users (adjusted odds ratio 1.36 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26–1.46] and 1.11 [95% CI = 1.04–1.18], respectively). Participants with either < 30 days, 30–90 days, or > 90 days of PPI prescription showed higher odds for AD (1.13 [95% CI = 1.07–1.19]; 1.18 [95% CI = 1.10–1.27]; 1.26 [95% CI = 1.16–1.36], respectively). Participants with either 1st-generation or 2nd-generation PPIs demonstrated higher incidences of AD in those with < 30 days (1.14 [95% CI = 1.07–1.22] and 1.13 [95% CI = 1.05–1.22], respectively), 30–90 days (1.19 [95% CI = 1.09–1.30] and 1.17 [95% CI = 1.05–1.29], respectively), or > 90 days (1.18 [95% CI = 1.07–1.30] and 1.27 [95% CI = 1.14–1.43], respectively) of prescription. Conclusions Prior PPI use, regardless of current or past exposure, duration of use, or use of 1st- or 2nd-generation PPIs, may increase likelihood of AD, providing supportive evidence of previous pharmacoepidemiologic studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01032-5.
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Kang HS, Kim SY, Choi HG, Lim H, Kim JH, Kim JH, Cho SJ, Nam ES, Min KW, Park HY, Kim NY, Choi Y, Kwon MJ. Comparison of the Concordance of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Physical and Laboratory Examination Findings between Monozygotic and Dizygotic Korean Adult Twins: A Cross-Sectional Study Using KoGES HTS Data. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224834. [PMID: 36432523 PMCID: PMC9693823 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) by comparing disease concordance in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. This cross-sectional study analyzed 1294 (1040 monozygotic and 254 dizygotic) twin pairs (>20 years) based on the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study data (2005−2014). The odds ratios of disease concordance were calculated using binomial and multinomial logistic regression models. The occurrence of CMDs (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, cerebral stroke, transient ischemic attack, and ischemic heart disease) and related physical and laboratory levels did not differ between the monozygotic and dizygotic twin groups. The odds for concordance of the presence/absence of CMDs and the likelihood of incident CMD within monozygotic twins were comparable to that of dizygotic twins. The absolute differences in hemoglobin A1c, insulin, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure were lower in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic twins. Absolute differences in fasting glucose and diastolic blood pressure did not differ between groups. Although baseline levels of several laboratory parameters related to CMD showed a strong likelihood of heritability in monozygotic twins, CMD phenotype appears to be largely affected by environmental factors.
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Kang HS, Kim SY, Kim JH, Kim ES, Choi HG, Lim H, Kim JH, Park HY, Kim NY, Hong S, Choi KC, Kwon MJ. Association between Migraines and Prior Proton Pump Inhibitor Use: A Nested Case-Control Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111385. [PMID: 36355557 PMCID: PMC9694889 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use on migraine risk remains controversial. We explored the odds of migraines in relation to prior PPI use and treatment duration. Data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort (2002−2015) were analyzed in this nested case-control study involving 28,159 participants with incident migraines and 112,636 controls (1:4 matched by sex, age, income, and residential region). The baseline covariates were balanced by performing propensity score overlap weighting-based adjustments, and the effect of prior PPI use (past vs. current) and treatment duration (<30 and 30−365 days vs. ≥365 days) on incident migraines was evaluated using logistic regression. In past and current PPI users, prior PPI use raised the likelihood of migraines (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.56 [2.36−2.79] and 4.66 [4.29−5.06], respectively). Participants who used PPI for <30, 30−365, or ≥365 days exhibited high odds of migraines (2.49 [2.29−2.72], 4.41 [4.05−4.79], and 4.14 [3.77−4.54], respectively). Incident migraines with or without aura also increased independently of PPI use history or duration. In summary, prior PPI use, irrespective of the elapsed time since use and the duration of use, is possibly associated with incident migraines with or without aura.
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Park JH, Kwon MJ, Seo J, Kim HY, Min SK, Kim LS. Somatic Mutations of TP53 Identified by Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Are Poor Prognostic Factors for Primary Operable Breast Cancer: A Single-Center Study. J Breast Cancer 2022; 25:379-386. [PMID: 36265889 PMCID: PMC9629967 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2022.25.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have reported on the clinical utility of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) for breast cancer in Korea. We retrospectively reviewed the targeted NGS data of 219 patients with breast cancer who underwent surgical resection between August 2018 and April 2021. Here, we described the mutational profiles of breast cancer and examined their prognostic implications. The most frequently mutated gene was PIK3CA (n = 97/219, 44.3%), followed by TP53 (n = 79/219, 36.1%), AKT1 (n = 23/219, 10.5%), and GATA3 (n = 20/219, 9.1%). TP53 mutations were associated with aggressive histologic features. We followed up for 31 (range, 1-39) months and observed 11 (5.0%) recurrences: nine were TP53 mutant and two were TP53 wild-type. Multivariable analysis revealed that TP53 mutation was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence (p = 0.012). Although no drug is currently available for TP53 mutations, it is valuable to know the mutational status of TP53 for the precise management of breast cancer.
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Kim SY, Yoo DM, Kim JH, Kwon MJ, Kim JH, Chung J, Choi HG. Changes in Otorhinolaryngologic Disease Incidences before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13083. [PMID: 36293687 PMCID: PMC9602729 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the change in the incidence and variance of otorhinolaryngologic diseases during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The entire Korean population (~50 million) was evaluated for the monthly incidence of 11 common otorhinolaryngologic diseases of upper respiratory infection (URI), influenza, acute tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess, acute laryngitis and bronchitis, stomatitis and related lesions, acute sinusitis, rhinitis, otitis media, and dizziness from January 2018 through March 2021 using the International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 codes with the data of the Korea National Health Insurance Service. The differences in the mean incidence of 11 common otorhinolaryngologic diseases before and during COVID-19 were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The differences in the variance of incidence before and during COVID-19 were compared using Levene's test. The incidence of all 11 otorhinolaryngologic diseases was lower during COVID-19 than before COVID-19 (all p < 0.05). The variations in disease incidence by season were lower during COVID-19 than before COVID-19 for infectious diseases, including URI, influenza, acute tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess, acute laryngitis and bronchitis, acute sinusitis, and otitis media (all p < 0.05), while it was not in noninfectious diseases, including stomatitis, rhinitis, and dizziness. As expected, the incidences of all otorhinolalryngolgic diseases were decreased. Additionally, we found that seasonal variations in infectious diseases disappeared during the COVID-19 pandemic, while noninfectious diseases did not.
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Choi HG, Kim SY, Lim H, Kim JH, Kim JH, Cho SJ, Nam ES, Min KW, Park HY, Kim NY, Hong S, Choi Y, Kang HS, Kwon MJ. Comparison of Concordance of Peptic Ulcer Disease, Non-Adenomatous Intestinal Polyp, and Gallstone Disease in Korean Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912708. [PMID: 36232007 PMCID: PMC9566074 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested the role of multiple genetic and environmental factors in the development of non-neoplastic gastrointestinal (GI) diseases; however, little information is available on these factors in the Korean population. Therefore, this cross-sectional study explored the effect of these factors by analyzing the concordance of several benign GI disorders in 525 monozygotic twins compared to that in 122 dizygotic twins aged >20 years from the Healthy Twin Study data of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (2005-2014). Chi-square test, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. There was lack of concordance of gastric/duodenal ulcers and cholelithiasis/cholangitis between monozygotic twins compared to that in dizygotic twins, suggesting that environmental factors may mediate those concordant disease expressions in monozygotic twins. The concordance of intestinal polyps in monozygotic twins was 32% lower than that in dizygotic twins (p = 0.028), indicating that the effect of genetic factors on the risk for intestinal polyp development may be low. In conclusion, the lack or low concordance of several benign GI diseases between monozygotic and dizygotic twin groups suggests the relative importance of environmental factors, indicating that these are preventable diseases.
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Rhee SY, Yon DK, Kwon MJ, Kim JH, Kim JH, Bang WJ, Lee JW, Kwon BC, Choi HG, Min C. Association between metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis among adults aged 50 years and older: using the National Health Information Database in South Korea. Arch Osteoporos 2022; 17:124. [PMID: 36114354 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-022-01161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association between a history of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis with specific characteristics. The results showed that MetS was inversely associated with osteoporosis. In contrast, MetS was positively associated with osteoporosis in both obese men and postmenopausal obese women. PURPOSE Although several previous studies have investigated the association between MetS and osteoporosis, their findings remain controversial. This study aimed to examine the association between a MetS history and osteoporosis using a subset of data from a large, long-term, national database. METHODS This nested case-control study used the National Health Information Database (NHID) of the Korea National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) from 2009 to 2017. Osteoporosis (n = 459,771) and control (n = 459,771) participants were matched in a 1:1 ratio by age, gender, income, and region of residence. MetS was defined based on the modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for osteoporosis in patients with MetS and its components were analyzed using logistic regression. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the combination of gender, menopausal status, and obesity status. RESULTS The adjusted OR (95% CI) for osteoporosis in patients with MetS was 0.95 (0.94-0.96). This finding was consistent with the subgroup analyses in normal weight men, premenopausal (pre-MP) women with all obesity statuses, and postmenopausal (post-MP) underweight and normal weight women. In contrast, the opposite was observed for obese men (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01-1.09) and post-MP obese women (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01-1.08). CONCLUSION This study results suggested that MetS was associated with a low occurrence of osteoporosis. In contrast, MetS was associated with a high occurrence of osteoporosis in both obese men and post-MP obese women.
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