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Ismail MM, Gamaleldein MH, Hassa KA. Closed kinetic chain exercises with or without additional hip strengthening exercises in management of patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2013; 49:687-698. [PMID: 23820880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common musculoskeletal pain condition, especially in females. Decreased hip muscle strength has been implicated as a contributing factor. Isolated open kinetic chain hip abductors and lateral rotators exercises were added by many authors to the rehabilitation program. However, Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) exercises focusing on hip and knee muscles were not investigated if they can produce similar effect of hip strengthening and decreasing pain without the need of isolated exercises for hip musculature. AIM The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of a CKC exercises program with or without additional hip strengthening exercises on pain and hip abductors and lateral rotators peak torque. DESIGN Prospective randomized clinical trial. SETTING Patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome referred to the outpatient physical therapy clinic of the faculty of physical therapy, cairo university. POPULATION Thirty two patients who had patellofemoral pain syndrome with age ranged from eighteen to thirty years. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: CKC group and CKC with hip muscles strengthening exercises as a control (CO) group. Treatment was given 3 times/week, for 6 weeks. Patients were evaluated pre- and post-treatment for their pain severity using VAS, function of knee joint using Kujala questionnaire, hip abductors and external rotators concentric/eccentric peak torque. RESULTS There were significant improvements in pain, function and hip muscles peak torque in both groups (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups in hip muscles torque (P<0.05) but pain and function improvements were significantly greater in the CO group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Six weeks CKC program focusing on knee and hip strengthening has similar effect in improving hip muscles torque in patients with PFPS as a CKC exercises with additional hip strengthening exercises. However, adding isolated hip strengthening exercises has the advantage of more pain relief. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT CKC exercises with additional hip strengthening could be more beneficial in decreasing pain in PFPS than CKC exercises alone.
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Ismail MM, Morsy GM, Mohamed HM, El-Mansy MAM, Abd-Alrazk MMA. FT-IR spectroscopic analyses of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-[2-nitro-2-oxoacetyl-2(1H)quinolinone (HMNOQ). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 113:191-195. [PMID: 23727672 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a combined experimental and theoretical study on molecular structure and vibrational frequencies of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-[2-nitro-2-oxoacetyl-2(1H)quinolinone (HMNOQ) was reported. The FT-IR spectrum of HMNCQ is recorded in the solid phase. The equilibrium geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, thermo-chemical parameters, total dipole moment and HOMO-LUMO energies are calculated by density functional theory DFT/B3LYP utilizing 6-311G(d,p) basis set. Results showed that HMNOQ is highly recommended to be a promising structure for many applications in optoelectronic devices due to its high calculated dipole moment value (9 Debye) which indicates its high reactivity to interact with the surrounding molecules. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap of HMNOQ is 4 eV.
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Gunawardena GSA, Karunaweera ND, Ismail MM. Socio–economic and behavioural factors affecting the prevalence ofAscarisinfection in a low-country tea plantation in Sri Lanka. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2013; 98:615-21. [PMID: 15324467 DOI: 10.1179/000349804225021299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The identification of the factors that affect the prevalences of geohelminthiases should help to maximize the effectiveness of programmes for the control of these diseases. In the present study, the relationships between the prevalence and intensity of human infection with Ascaris and the availability of sanitary facilities, socio-economic status and personal health habits have been explored in Sri Lanka. The 176 subjects, who lived on a low-country tea plantation, were aged 2-50 years (median = 13 years) and were investigated between the July and December of 2000. When the prevalence and intensity of Ascaris infection were determined, using Kato-Katz smears, 50.0% of the subjects were found to be secreting the eggs of the parasite. Almost all (96.6%) of the subjects lived in terraces of one-room houses built by the plantation owners, and only 30.7% had access to a latrine. Most (90.3%) obtained their drinking water from common taps, and 48.8% boiled their drinking water. The subjects who only drank water that had been boiled and those who washed their hands before meals were relatively unlikely to be infected (P < 0.05 for each). In congested living conditions with poor sanitary facilities, the level of faecal contamination of the environment is invariably high. Even under these conditions, however, good hygiene and the boiling of all drinking water can reduce the risks of Ascaris infection. In the study setting and in similar environments, regular anthelmintic therapy, improvements in housing conditions and sanitary facilities, and health education, to promote risk-reducing patterns of behaviour, would all be beneficial.
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Youssef SR, Ismail MM, Abd Al Wahed E, Al Dessoky H. Growth advantage of CD34+ cells in trisomy 8 high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome despite enhanced apoptotic signals. EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN HEALTH JOURNAL 2013; 18:1065-71. [PMID: 23301363 DOI: 10.26719/2012.18.10.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study examined haematopoietic stem cells of 19 high-risk cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) for apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals and cellular proliferation and correlated these with clinical and cytogenetic subtypes, particularly trisomy 8. The aim was to identify cellular and cytogenetic markers of prognostic relevance to survival of high-risk MDS cases. High-risk MDS cases had a significantly higher percentage of apoptotic CD34+ cells and anti-apoptotic survivin+ cells than controls, particularly for trisomy 8 cases. Trisomy 8+ cells showed a significant positive correlation with apoptotic CD34+ cells and capacity for colony formation. The latter was significantly lower in trisomy-8-negative cases than normal controls, while that oftrisomy 8 cases was comparable to controls. Our results suggest that although trisomy 8 cells are in a pro-apoptotic state, they are checked by the enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic signals which provide them with their proliferative advantage.
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H. Osman MEA, El-Sheekh MM, Metwally MA, A. Ismail AEW, Ismail MM. Antagonistic Activity of Some Fungi and Cyanobacteria Species against Rhizoctonia solani. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijpp.2011.101.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ismail MM, El-Kattan YA. Disposition kinetics of doxycycline in chickens naturally infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Br Poult Sci 2010; 45:550-6. [PMID: 15484732 DOI: 10.1080/00071660400001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
1. The pharmacokinetic properties of doxycycline were determined in healthy chickens and chickens naturally infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum after a single intravenous (i.v.) and oral administration of the drug at 20 mg/kg body weight. Tissue residues of the tested drug after an oral dose of 20 mg/kg given twice daily for 5 consecutive days were also estimated in diseased chickens. 2. The plasma concentrations of doxycycline following single i.v. and oral administration were higher in healthy chickens than in diseased ones. Following i.v. injection, the elimination half-life (t1/2beta), distribution half-life and mean residence time (MRT) were longer in healthy chickens than in diseased birds. The values of total body clearance (ClB) and volume of distribution (Vdss) were larger in healthy chickens than in diseased birds. 3. After single oral administration, the absorption half-life (tl/2ab) and the elimination half-life were longer in normal birds than in diseased ones. The maximum plasma concentration of the drug was higher in normal chickens than in diseased ones. 4. Following repeated oral administration, the concentration of doxycycline in all tissues except muscle was higher than the corresponding concentrations in plasma. Concentrations of doxycycline in different tissues were in the following order: kidney > liver > lung > muscle. The drug was detected in liver and kidney in substantial concentrations on d 5 post administration of the last dose whereas, on d 7, its concentration in all tissues was below the lower limit of the sensitivity of the assay method used. Because of the low sensitivity of the microbiological assay method used in this study, a safe withdrawal time for doxycycline in diseased birds could not be estimated for the meanwhile.
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Badreldin AMA, Kroener A, Heldwein MB, Doerr F, Vogt H, Ismail MM, Bossert T, Hekmat K. Prognostic value of daily cardiac surgery score (CASUS) and its derivatives in cardiac surgery patients. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 58:392-7. [PMID: 20922621 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to validate the usefulness of CASUS derivatives for cardiac surgery patients and their reliability for daily decision making. METHODS We included, prospectively, the data of all adult cardiac surgery patients who had an ICU stay of at least 12 hours between 20 January 2003 and 14 October 2005 in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of the University of Cologne, Germany. Data were collected until ICU discharge and included initial, maximum, mean, and total CASUS values. δ CASUS (difference from initial value) was calculated at 48 and 96 hours postoperatively. The predictive efficacy of the derivatives was tested with calibration and discrimination statistics. RESULTS 2372 patients were included with a mean age of 66.2 ± 11.2 years. ICU mortality was 3.6 % (n =85). Mean ICU stay was 3.0 ± 6.1 days. The discrimination was very good for all derivatives (area under the curve ranged between 0.988 and 0.926). The calibration was also good except for the total CASUS, which showed a significant difference between the expected and observed mortality. Increased δ CASUS at 48 hours (1038 patients) and 96 hours (435 patients) correlated with an increase in mortality (23.1 % and 42.9 %, respectively), and conversely a decreased mortality rate was observed with decreasing values (1.9 % and 3.8 %, respectively). CONCLUSION CASUS derivatives including δ CASUS have a good prognostic value for cardiac surgery patients with regard to the prediction of mortality and survival during ICU stay, with the exception of total CASUS which was not informative.
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Fernando SD, Gunawardena GSA, Siriwardena C, Palihawadana VP, Ismail MM. Knowledge and practice on use of anthelminthics by mothers in selected areas in the Colombo District. CEYLON MEDICAL JOURNAL 2009; 52:70-1. [PMID: 17691567 DOI: 10.4038/cmj.v52i2.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gunawardena GSA, Siriwardana C, Paranavitane SR, Ismail MM, Fernando SD. Anthelmintic prescribing patterns of a sample of general practitioners from selected areas in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka. Indian J Community Med 2008; 33:93-9. [PMID: 19967032 PMCID: PMC2784634 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.40876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
General Practitioners (GPs) provide first contact care of children and pregnant mothers in the community. This study ascertained the prescribing pattern of anthelmintics to children and pregnant women by a sample of GPs from the district of Colombo. Two hundred medical practitioners engaged in full-time General Practice (100 urban and 100 rural), were selected randomly. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. A total of 183 GPs aged between 26 and 72 years (median 38) participated with 94 coming from urban areas. Seventy percent of the GPs were male. Almost 13% of GPs from urban areas had a Postgraduate degree in comparison to 4.5% from the rural areas (P < 0.05). Over 50% of GPs had 6-20 years of service and over 30% treated 16-30 patients daily. Seventy-three percent of GPs from rural areas accessed health-related reading material either daily or weekly in contrast to only 40% from urban areas (P < 0.001). All GPs prescribed anthelmintics to children. Pyrantel pamoate was the preferred anthelmintic used for children by both groups. Approximately 55% and 64% of GPs from urban and rural areas, respectively, prescribed anthelmintics during pregnancy. A majority of GPs prescribed drugs after the first trimester. However, 25% from urban areas gave drugs during any trimester (P < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that GPs with postgraduate qualifications, those having frequent access to health-related material and those seeing more than 30 patients daily, prescribed anthelmintics to pregnant women more often. Although routine de-worming of pregnant women and children should occur through government antenatal and well-baby clinics, and through the schools de-worming programme, it may not happen due to various reasons. Thus, GPs play a vital role in achieving good coverage of anthelmintics among children and pregnant women. Making available clear national guidelines on prescribing anthelmintics in Sri Lanka would improve the prescribing patterns of anthelmintics among GPs.
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Gunawardena GSA, Ismail MM, Bradley MH, Karunaweera ND. Impact of the 2004 mass drug administration for the control of lymphatic filariasis, in urban and rural areas of the Western province of Sri Lanka. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2007; 101:335-41. [PMID: 17524248 DOI: 10.1179/136485907x176364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis is targeted to be eliminated globally, at least as a public-health problem, by 2020. The comprehensive strategy for achieving this goal includes the interruption of the transmission of the causative parasites, by drastically reducing the prevalences of microfilaraemia in at-risk communities. In a descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional and community-based study, the impact of the 2004 mass drug administration (MDA) on filarial infection, in selected areas of the Western province of Sri Lanka, has now been assessed 1-2 and 11 months after the administration of the diethylcarbamazine-albendazole combination employed. Using the cluster-sampling method, urban study populations were selected in the Colombo districts and rural ones were selected in the Gampaha district. After obtaining informed written consent, 2 ml venous blood were collected, between 20.00 and 24.00 hours, from each subject. Personal details and drug compliance in the 2004 MDA were recorded. The samples of 'night' blood were checked for microfilariae, using membrane filtration, and for filarial antigenaemia, using commercial (NOW) immunochromatographic test kits. Eighty-four (4.10%) of the 2034 subjects examined 1-2 months after the 2004 MDA but only four (0.20%) of the 1974 subjects checked 11 months after the MDA were found antigenaemic and/or microfilaraemic (P<0.001). Between the two follow-ups, the overall prevalences of both antigenaemia (4.03% v. 0.15%; P<0.001) and microfilaraemia (0.20% v. 0.05%; P=0.38) fell, although only the reduction in antigenaemia was statistically significant. The prevalence of infection (as indicated by antigenaemia and/or microfilaraemia) fell significantly within each of the two study districts (P<0.001). Although, when the prevalence of infection was high, drug compliance appeared to be an important determinant of the reduction of antigenaemia (P=0.04), the 20% difference in compliance between urban and rural areas had no apparent effect on the corresponding prevalences of infection recorded at either follow-up.
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Dissanayake S, Ismail MM. Immunodiagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2007; 127:203-24. [PMID: 2439264 DOI: 10.1002/9780470513446.ch14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of immunodiagnostic tests (IDTs) for bancroftian filariasis must be aimed at defined objectives, such as the determination of exposure rates, the detection of microfilaraemia and the diagnosis of clinical filariasis. Assays for both antibody and antigen detection are necessary. Antigen determination may be more appropriate in the detection of microfilaraemia, but for clinical filariasis, antibody determination may prove more useful. The microfilarial surface antigens are very good candidates for this purpose. Determination of antibody to larval antigens may be the best way of establishing exposure rates for epidemiological purposes. An important prerequisite for IDT development is the characterization of antigens at epitope level. Sharing of antigen epitopes with host antigens could be a major limitation in IDT development. An understanding of the parasitological and immunological background of the endemic locality is also necessary. It is recommended that all IDTs are evaluated in follow-up case studies.
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El Batran SA, Osman AEN, Ismail MM, El Sayed AM. Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities. Inflammopharmacology 2006; 14:62-71. [PMID: 16835715 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-006-1498-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New 2,6-piperidinediones 2(a-g) and 4(a-d) were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give alpha-cyanocinnamides l(a-g) or cycloalkylidenes 3(a,b) which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4(a-d) were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5(a-m). Some new selected compounds 2(a-c,f), 4(a-d) and 5(e,h,j) were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2(f).
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Gunawardena GSA, Karunaweera ND, Ismail MM. Effects of climatic, socio-economic and behavioural factors on the transmission of hookworm (Necator americanus) on two low-country plantations in Sri Lanka. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2005; 99:601-9. [PMID: 16156974 DOI: 10.1179/136485905x51436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The climatic, socio-economic and behavioural factors influencing hookworm (Necator americanus) infection in Sri Lanka were explored between February 2000 and June 2001. In February 2000, a single stool sample was collected from each of the 477 subjects investigated, who were aged 2-74 years (median = 13 years) and lived on the 'lowcountry' Maliboda and Ayr plantations. The 'baseline' prevalence (28.5%) and intensity of hookworm infection (0- 4828.5 eggs/g faeces, with a mean of 128.4 eggs/g) were then determined by examining these initial samples, as Kato-Katz smears. Subsequently, each participant was treated with a single, 500-mg dose of mebendazole and then followed-up, at monthly intervals, for the next 15 months. Whenever a subject was found smear-positive for hookworm eggs at one of the monthly follow-ups, he or she was treated again with mebendazole. This approach allowed the monthly incidence of hookworm infection to be determined for each subject, assuming that subjects became smear-positive approximately 6 weeks post-infection. During the study period, rainfall and mean temperature were recorded daily and then converted to monthly values so that the relationship between the incidence of infection over each month and the rainfall and mean temperature over the same period could be explored. In addition, potentially relevant data on the socio-economic status and behaviour of each subject were collected, in questionnaire-based interviews with the adult subjects and the caregivers of the children investigated. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were then calculated for each factor that might increase the risk of hookworm infection. The monthly incidence of hookworm infection showed three peaks -- in September 2000 (21.3%), January 2001 (20.8%) and May 2001 (17.5%) -- at Maliboda, and two peaks -- in September 2000 (25.0%) and February 2001 (29.2%) -- at Ayr. With the data for all subjects combined, incidence showed a statistically significant correlation with mean temperature (r = -0.468; P = 0.018). The results of a multivariate analysis also revealed that mean temperature was significant (beta = -5.296; P = 0.01) in hookworm incidence. Bathing and washing with water from rock-pools formed by waterfalls (OR = 1.33; CI = 1.35-4.01), the use of wells (OR = 2.35; CI = 1.29-4.30), and a lack of toilets (OR = 1.60; CI = 1.01-2.53) each appeared to increase the risk of hookworm infection significantly. Those living on the two study plantations, and perhaps many other similar plantations in Sri Lanka, would clearly benefit from improved access to the public water supply (especially to pipe-borne water) and toilets.
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Tang Y, Ismail MM, Saif YM. Development of antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and RT-PCR for detection of turkey astroviruses. Avian Dis 2005; 49:182-8. [PMID: 16094820 DOI: 10.1637/7255-080504r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Turkey astrovirus (TAstV) is an important agent of poult enteritis. The diagnosis of astroviruses has been dependent mainly on electron microscopy (EM) or immune EM (IEM). To develop other simple, rapid, and reliable diagnostic assays, two antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (AC-ELISAs), polyclonal AC-ELISA and monoclonal AC-ELISA, were developed in this study. Monoplex and multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) were also developed using nondegenerate primer sets specific to the capsid region and degenerate primer pairs specific to the polymerase area of two TAstV. EM was included for comparison. Fecal or intestinal contents samples from naturally and experimentally infected poults with enteritis were examined using the developed assays. The polyclonal AC-ELISA had higher sensitivity and wider detection spectrum than the monoclonal AC-ELISA with group-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb), whereas the monoclonal AC-ELISA had very high specificity but lower sensitivity, which was estimated at 0.06 microg of viral proteins. Small round viruses (SRV) that could be astroviruses or other small viruses were detected in 34.4% of the samples examined by EM. The monoplex RT-PCR results amplified with primers SRV-1-3 and SRV-1-5 revealed that the positive rate of astroviruses was 45.3%, which was 10.9% higher than that of EM even if other SRVs were not excluded. Multiplex RT-PCR with SRV-1-3 and SRV-1-5 and AFCP-F1 and AFCP-R1 and the monoplex RT-PCR with degenerate primers verified that the positive rate of astroviruses was 59.4%, which was 25% higher than that of EM. Both RT-PCRs showed good specificity and wider detection spectrum compared with earlier published data.
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Abstract
The pharmacokinetic properties of ceftriaxone were investigated in 10 goats following a single intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 20 mg kg(-1) body weight. After i.v. injection, ceftriaxone serum concentration-time curves were characteristic of a two-compartment open model. The distribution and elimination half-lives (t(1/2alpha), t(1/2beta)) were 0.12 and 1.44 h respectively. Following i.m. injection, peak serum concentration (C(max)) of 23.6 microg ml(-1) was attained at 0.70 h. The absorption and elimination half-lives (t(1/2ab), t(1/2el)) were 0.138 and 1.65 h respectively. The systemic bioavailability of the i.m. administration (F %) was 85%. Following i.v. and i.m. administration, the drug was excreted in high concentrations in urine for 24 h post-administration. The drug was detected at low concentrations in milk of lactating goats. A recommended dosage of 20 mg kg(-1) injected i.m. every 12 h could be expected to provide a therapeutic serum concentration exceeding the minimal inhibitory concentrations for different susceptible pathogens.
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Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of cefepime were studied following intravenous and intramuscular administration of 6.5 mg/kg in four female Friesian calves. Following single intravenous administration, the serum concentration-time curves of cefepime were best fitted using a two-compartment open model. The elimination half-life (t(1/2)beta) was 2.38+/-0.16 h, volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) was 0.21 +/- 0.01 L/kg, and total body clearance (ClB) was 1.1 +/- 0.08 ml/min per kg. Following intramuscular administration, the drug was rapidly absorbed with an absorption half-life (t(1/2)ab) of 0.29+/-0.02 h; maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of 21.7 +/- 1.1 microg/ml was attained after (Tmax) 1.1 +/- 0.08 h; and the drug was eliminated with an elimination half-life (t(1/2)el) of 3.02 +/- 0.18 h. The systemic bioavailability (F) after intramuscular administration of cefepime in calves was 95.7% +/- 7.44%. The in vitro serum protein-binding tendency was 10.5-16.7%. Following administration by both routes, the drug was excreted in high concentrations in urine for 24 h post administration.
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Abdel-Fattah MAF, Dessouki AA, Ramadan T, Ismail MM. Evaluation of eugenol as anesthetic in Cat-fish (Clarias gariepinus) with special reference to biochemical and histopathological alterations. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL RESEARCH 2005. [DOI: 10.21608/jvmr.2005.77941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Gunawardena GSA, Karunaweera ND, Ismail MM. Wet-days: are they better indicators of Ascaris infection levels? J Helminthol 2005; 78:305-10. [PMID: 15575986 DOI: 10.1079/joh2004252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal variation in a particular area may influence the occurrence of helminth infections and determining such fluctuations may help to maximize the beneficial effects of mass treatment. This study determined the seasonal variations in infection levels of Ascaris lumbricoides between March 2000 and June 2001 in two selected low-country plantations. Four hundred and seventy seven persons aged between 2 and 74 years (median 13) participated. Stools were tested using the Kato-Katz method and the prevalence and intensity of infection determined. All persons were treated with a single dose of mebendazole. Monthly follow-ups were undertaken with similar stool examinations and treatment given if found positive. Infection and re-infection rates were calculated each month. Rainfall and temperature were recorded each day. Total rainfall, number of wet-days and mean temperature was calculated for each month. The prevalence of Ascaris infection was 53.4% and 51.0% at Maliboda and Ayr estates respectively. Highest infection and re-infection rates at Maliboda (37.7%, 37.2%) occurred in June and at Ayr (13.3%, 25.9%) in October 2000 respectively. During the study period, the mean rainfall was 28.1 cm (range 7.4-63.9 cm) and mean temperature 27.6 degrees C (range 22.1 degrees -34.4 degrees C). Significant correlations (P<0.05) were found between the re-infection rate and rainfall, temperature and the number of wet-days. Similar correlations were observed with the infection rate and temperature and the number of wet-days. Ascaris infections were found to correlate significantly only with the number of wet-days in a month (P<0.01). Thus, the number of wet-days appears to be a better indicator of Ascaris infections than total rainfall or mean temperature.
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Ismail MM, Tang AY, Saif YM. Pathogenicity of turkey coronavirus in turkeys and chickens. Avian Dis 2004; 47:515-22. [PMID: 14562877 DOI: 10.1637/5917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We designed this study to compare the replication potential of turkey coronavirus (TCV) and its effect in chickens and turkeys and to study the effect of singleand combined infection of turkey poults with TCV and astrovirus. We studied the pathogenicity of TCV in experimentally inoculated turkey poults and chickens by observing the dinical signs and gross lesions. Two trials were conducted with 1-day-old and 4-wk-old specific-pathogen-free turkey poults and chickens. One-day-old turkey poults developed diarrhea at 48 hr postinoculation. Poults euthanatized at 3, 5, and 7 days postinoculation had flaccid, pale, and thin-walled intestines with watery contents. The 4-wk-old turkeys had no clinical signs or gross lesions. One-day-old and 4-wk-old chicks developed no clinical signs or gross lesions although the TCV was detected in gut contents of the birds throughout the experimental period (14 days). In another experiment, mean plasma D-xylose concentrations in 3-day-old turkey poults inoculated with TCV, turkey astrovirus, or a combination of both viruses were significantly lower than in the uninoculated controls.
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Ismail MM, Cho KO, Hasoksuz M, Saif LJ, Saif YM. Antigenic and genomic relatedness of turkey-origin coronaviruses, bovine coronaviruses, and infectious bronchitis virus of chickens. Avian Dis 2001; 45:978-84. [PMID: 11785902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In earlier studies in our laboratory, we found that bovine coronavirus (BCV) was pathogenic for 1-day-old turkey poults. This finding prompted us to study the antigenic and genomic relatedness of turkey origin coronaviruses (TOCVs) to BCV. A one-step reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a 730-base pair fragment of the nucleocapsid (N) gene of BCV and a nested PCR targeting a 407-base pair fragment of the N gene were used in an attempt to detect TOCV from North Carolina, Indiana, and a prototype turkey coronavirus (TCV) obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Both the one-step RT-PCR and the nested PCR amplified cell culture-passaged isolates of calf diarrhea strains of BCV but none of the 15 tested TOCVs or transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus of swine. TOCVs also did not cross-react in a BCV antigen-capture (AC) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against N, spike glycoprotein, and hemagglutinin esterase glycoprotein proteins of BCV as coating antibodies. The same TOCVs could be detected with primers designed from the genome of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) of chickens. These primers amplified a 1082-base pair region spanning portions of the membrane glycoprotein (M) and N protein genes of IBV and TCV. The TOCVs also cross-reacted in an AC-ELISA with MAbs against the M and subunit 2 of spike glycoprotein of IBV.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Base Sequence
- Cattle
- Chick Embryo
- Chickens
- Coronavirus, Bovine/classification
- Coronavirus, Bovine/genetics
- Coronavirus, Bovine/immunology
- Coronavirus, Turkey/classification
- Coronavirus, Turkey/genetics
- Coronavirus, Turkey/immunology
- Cross Reactions
- DNA, Viral
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary
- Gene Amplification
- Genes, Viral
- Infectious bronchitis virus/classification
- Infectious bronchitis virus/genetics
- Infectious bronchitis virus/immunology
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/genetics
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Turkeys
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Horton J, Witt C, Ottesen EA, Lazdins JK, Addiss DG, Awadzi K, Beach MJ, Belizario VY, Dunyo SK, Espinel M, Gyapong JO, Hossain M, Ismail MM, Jayakody RL, Lammie PJ, Makunde W, Richard-Lenoble D, Selve B, Shenoy RK, Simonsen PE, Wamae CN, Weerasooriya MV. An analysis of the safety of the single dose, two drug regimens used in programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology 2001; 121 Suppl:S147-60. [PMID: 11386686 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000007423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review of the safety of the co-administration regimens to be used in programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (albendazole + ivermectin or albendazole + diethylcarbamazine [DEC]) is based on 17 studies conducted in Sri Lanka, India, Haiti, Ghana, Tanzania, Kenya, Ecuador, the Philippines, Gabon, Papua New Guinea, and Bangladesh. The total data set comprises 90,635 subject exposures and includes individuals of all ages and both genders. Results are presented for hospital-based studies, laboratory studies, active surveillance of microfilaria-positive and microfilaria-negative individuals, and passive monitoring in both community-based studies and mass treatment programmes of individuals treated with albendazole (n = 1538), ivermectin (9822), DEC (576), albendazole + ivermectin (7470), albendazole + DEC (69,020), or placebo (1144). The most rigorous monitoring, which includes haematological and biochemical laboratory parameters pre- and post-treatment, provides no evidence that consistent changes are induced by any treatment; the majority of abnormalities appear to be sporadic, and the addition of albendazole to either ivermectin or DEC does not increase the frequency of abnormalities. Both DEC and ivermectin show, as expected, an adverse event profile compatible with the destruction of microfilariae. The addition of albendazole to either single-drug treatment regimen does not appear to increase the frequency or intensity of events seen with these microfilaricidal drugs when used alone. Direct observations indicated that the level of adverse events, both frequency and intensity, was correlated with the level of microfilaraemia. In non microfilaraemic individuals, who form 80-90% of the 'at risk' populations to be treated in most national public health programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF), the event profile with the compounds alone or in combination does not differ significantly from that of placebo. Data on the use of ivermectin + albendazole in areas either of double infection (onchocerciasis and LF), or of loiais (with or without concurrent LF) are still inadequate and further studies are needed. Additional data are also recommended for populations infected with Brugia malayi, since most data thus far derive from populations infected with Wuchereria bancrofti.
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Ismail MM, Jayakody RL, Weil GJ, Fernando D, De Silva MS, De Silva GA, Balasooriya WK. Long-term efficacy of single-dose combinations of albendazole, ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2001; 95:332-5. [PMID: 11491010 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(01)90257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In a 'blinded' trial (in Sri Lanka, 1996-98) of 47 male asymptomatic microfilaraemic subjects with Wuchereria bancrofti infection, the safety, tolerability and filaricidal efficacy of 3 single-dose combination regimens were compared: albendazole 400 mg with ivermectin 200 micrograms/kg, albendazole 400 mg with diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) 6 mg/kg or albendazole 600 mg with ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg. Treated subjects were followed-up for 24 months. This represents the first long-term study using combinations of albendazole with DEC or ivermectin in the above doses against bancroftian filariasis. All subjects had pre-treatment microfilaria (mf) counts over 100/mL. All 3 treatments significantly reduced mf counts, with the albendazole-DEC-treated group showing the lowest mf levels at 18 and 24 months post-treatment. Filarial antigen tests suggested that all 3 treatments had significant activity against adult W. bancrofti; albendazole-DEC combination had the greatest activity according to this test, with antigen levels decreasing to 30.5% of pre-treatment antigen levels, 24 months after therapy. All 3 treatments were clinically safe and well tolerated. These results suggest that a single dose of albendazole 400 mg together with DEC 6 mg/kg is a safe and effective combination for suppression of microfilaraemia of bancroftian filariasis that could be considered for use in filariasis control programmes based on mass treatment of endemic populations.
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Shahin AA, Ismail MM, Saleh AM, Moustafa HA, Aboul-Ella AA, Gabr HM. Protective effect of folinic acid on low-dose methotrexate genotoxicity. Z Rheumatol 2001; 60:63-8. [PMID: 11383050 DOI: 10.1007/s003930170075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methotrexate (MTX) is an antineoplastic agent widely used in low dose to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Its side effects can partly be explained by folate antagonism. Folinic acid (Leucovorin) is generally administered with MTX to decrease MTX-induced toxicity. However information regarding the inhibitory effect of folinic acid against cytogenetic damage caused by MTX is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of folinic acid against MTX-genotoxicity. METHODS This study was done on Wistar albino rats and in patients with RA. Forty rats of both sexes were randomized into four equal groups and dosed in the following way: Group-I, distilled water vehicle; Group-II, 0.5 mg/kg folinic acid; Group-III, 0.5 mg/kg MTX; Group-IV, 0.5 mg/kg folinic acid plus 0.5 mg/kg MTX. Doses were given i.p., once daily for 8 consecutive days. A bone marrow chromosomal study and a micronucleus test were performed for each rat. Twenty patients with RA (5 males and 15 females) on a 10 mg weekly dose of MTX, i.m., for one month, were administered the same dose of MTX in addition to 10 mg of folinic acid as a single dose 4 hours after MTX administration, i.m., every week for another 4 weeks. Chromosomal studies as well as a micronucleus test were evaluated for each patient. RESULTS MTX produced a significant genetic injury as proved by the increased incidence of chromosomal aberration and micronuclei formation in Group-III animals. Inversely, folinic acid (group IV) produced a significant protection against genetic damages induced by MTX. In RA patients, folinic acid provides satisfactory improvement of MTX-induced genetic damage. CONCLUSION Folinic acid has a protective affect against MTX genotoxicity in human as well as in animal models.
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Ismail MM, Cho KO, Ward LA, Saif LJ, Saif YM. Experimental bovine coronavirus in turkey poults and young chickens. Avian Dis 2001; 45:157-63. [PMID: 11332477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The DB2 calf strain of bovine coronavirus (BCV) was used to inoculate 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) turkey poults in three trials. In all trials, the birds developed clinical signs of enteritis at 48-72 hr postinoculation. Birds euthanatized at 3, 5, and 7 days postinoculation (DPI) had flaccid, pale intestines with watery contents, and the ceca were markedly enlarged with frothy contents. Coronavirus particles were detected by immune electron microscopy with BCV antibodies from the intestinal contents of birds killed at 3, 5, 7, and 12 DPI. Body weights of inoculated poults killed at 3, 5, and 7 DPI were significantly reduced as compared with controls. Hemagglutinating antibodies were detected in sera of convalescent birds at 12 DPI. However, experimental inoculation of 1-day-old SPF chicks in two trials with the same virus resulted in no clinical signs or macroscopic or microscopic lesions. No coronaviruses were detected from intestinal contents, and there were no significant differences in body weights of inoculated and noninoculated control chicks.
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Ismail MM. [Experimental corneal histological study after thermokeratoplasty with holmium laser]. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2000; 75:619-25. [PMID: 11151234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the histological results after application of LTK (Laser Thermal Keratoplasty). These changes explain the considerable regression of the refractive effect obtained. METHODS This is an experimental study in 25 eyes of albino rabbits after application of LTK, using the contralateral as a control. The histopathological evaluation was done at 12 hours, one week, one month, 3 months and 6 months of LTK spot application using various corneal stains. RESULTS At 12 hours there appears an intense intercellular edema and basophylia on the impact area, covering 100% of the stroma. After the first week a hyperplasia of the epithelium was found. At the first month there exists a gradual decrease of the basophylia, but the abnormal stromal structure remains. Over the third month, the collagen becomes acidophilous and with a laxer structure, thus showing the formation of new collagen. These changes remain constant at the 6th month. CONCLUSION The non-contact LTK induces an intense tissular damage associated to an inflammatory reaction, prior to the formation of new collagen tissue, changing the anatomic image of the cornea. These changes cause the regression of the effect produced by the holmium laser.
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