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Abstract
An analysis has been made of the long term results of excision of the canine femoral head and neck. The most frequent postoperative findings include shortening of the operated limb and restricted movement of the hip pseudarthrosis. Although few dogs show lameness or pain in the operated hip, muscle atrophy is a frequent finding even after eight years. Difficulty in jumping and in climbing stairs are more commonly found postoperatively in the larger breeds of dog. Despite these noted abnormalities almost all owners expressed their satisfaction with the outcome of excision arthroplasty.
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27
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Haspel MV, Duff R, Rapp F. Isolation and preliminary characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of measles virus. J Virol 1975; 16:1000-9. [PMID: 51932 PMCID: PMC354762 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.16.4.1000-1009.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four genetically stable temperature-sensitive mutants of measles virus were isolated after mutangenesis by 5-azacytidine, 5 fluorouracil, or proflavine. The restricted replication of all mutants at 39 C was blocked subsequent to cell penetration and could not be attributed to heat inactivation of virus infectivity. Complementation analysis was made possible through the use of poly-L-ornithine. The members of one complementation group exhibited wild-type RNA synthesis at the nonpermissive temperature and induced the synthesis of virus antigens. These mutants were found defective in both hemolysin antigen synthesis and cell fusion "from within," supporting the unitary hypothesis for these functions. The members of the other two complementation groups synthesized neither virion RNA nor detectable virus antigens at the nonpermissive temperature.
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28
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Abstract
The encephalitogenic potential of nine temperature-sensitive mutants of measles virus was determined in newborn golden Syrian hamsters. The parental virus produced acute encephalitis without any prior adaptation. Six of the mutants were attenuated, two were virulent, and one was associated with hydrocephalus with acute onset. The attenuated mutants, blocked before measles virus antigen and ribonucleic acid synthesis at 39 C, were all members of one complementation group. The virulent temperature-sensitive mutants, defective in hemolysin antigen synthesis at 39 C, were members of a second complementation group. The hydrocephalus-inducing mutant was genetically distinct from the other mutants. The mechanism of attenuation most probably does not involve a temperature-induced inhibition of virus replication, but rather appears to be related to the partial defectiveness of the mutants under permissive conditions.
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29
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Abstract
The interaction of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) with Swiss/3T3 cells was investigated. Virus-induced cytopathic effects developed in the absence of production of infectious virus. HSV-2 inactivated with UV light (2, 4, 6, and 8 min) also induced cell death in the absence of virus replication. Cell death was not detectable after infection by HSV-2 that had been inactivated by UV irradiation for 10, 12, and 14 min. 3T3 cells infected with UV-inactivated virus (10 and 12 min) continued to replicate past the contact-inhibited monolayer normally associated with these cells. Infection of 3T3 cells with UV-irradiated USV-2 also induced the development of transformed foci. Transformed cells with an epithelioid of fibroblastoid morphology were identified and isolated. All HSV-2-transformed cell lines contained HSV-2-specific antigens detectable by immunofluorescence techniques. The maximum frequency of HSV-2-induced transformation was 3 times 105 PFU per transformed focus, and the observed transformation could be inhibited by pretreatment of the virus with specific antiserum. No type C particles were detected within five cell culture passages after transformation by HSV-2. Type C virus particles were detected after 10 cell culture passages of the HSV-2-transformed cell lines.
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30
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Nachtigal M, Duff R, Rapp F. Chromosome aberrations in Syrian hamster embryo cells transformed after exposure to ultraviolet-irradiated herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2. J Natl Cancer Inst 1975; 54:97-105. [PMID: 163328 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/54.1.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Six Syrian hamster embryo cell lines (14-012-8-1, KOS-6-1, 333-8-9, 333-2-29, MS-4-1, FR-6-1), developed after exposure of primary cultures to different strains of UV-irradiated herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2, were analyzed for chromosome aberrations. All the cell lines showed chromosome stability (number of chromosomes were maintained within a narrow range of variation in the diploid region) and a low incidence of polyploids, endoreduplications, and metaphases with pulveration or extensively fragmented chromosomes. The cell lines, passaged over long periods of time in vitro, developed marker chromosomes that suggested a clonal-type evolution of the cell populations. Two cell lines, 333-8-9 and 14-012-8-1, showed two different marker chromosomes with large heterochromatic regions. Chromosomes with abnormal heterochromatic regions, which often appeared like prominent secondary constrictions, were found in all the cell lines we examined. The level of chromosome breakage was low in all the cell lines except the highly tumorigenic cell line 333-2-29, which had a high incidence of cells with single or double chromatinic bodies. The abnormal heterochromatic regions that occurred on marker chromosomes and prominent secondary constrictions were interpreted as a possible chromosomal effect of the HSV. The karyotypic stability and low incidence of open breaks might have been the result of UV irradiation of the HSV.
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31
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32
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Duff R, Kreider JW, Levy BM, Katz M, Rapp F. Comparative pathology of cells transformed by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2. J Natl Cancer Inst 1974; 53:1159-64. [PMID: 4372366 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/53.4.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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33
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Schengrund CL, Duff R, Rosenberg A. Sialidase activity of oncogenic cells transformed by herpes simplex virus. Virology 1974; 58:595-9. [PMID: 4362436 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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34
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Rawls WE, Cashon G, Adam E, Ogino T, Duff R, Rapp F. Herpesvirus type 2-induced thymidine kinase and carcinoma of the cervix. Cancer Res 1974; 34:362-6. [PMID: 4855749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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35
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Seth P, Rawls WE, Duff R, Rapp F, Adam E, Melnick JL. Antigenic differences between isolates of herpesvirus type 2. Intervirology 1974; 3:1-14. [PMID: 4474145 DOI: 10.1159/000149738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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36
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Duff R, Rapp F. Oncogenic transformation of hamster embryo cells after exposure to inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1. J Virol 1973; 12:209-17. [PMID: 4355928 PMCID: PMC356614 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.12.2.209-217.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro transformation of hamster embryo fibroblasts by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) after exposure of the virus to UV irradiation is described. Cell transformation was induced by 2 out of 12 strains of HSV-1 that were tested for transforming potential. Cells transformed by the KOS strain of HSV-1 were not oncogenic when injected into newborn Syrian hamsters. However, cells transformed by HSV-1 strain 14-012 induced tumors in 47% of the newborn hamsters injected. HSV-specific antigens were found in the cytoplasm of cells transformed by both virus strains. Sera from tumor-bearing hamsters contained HSV-1- and HSV-2-neutralizing antibodies as well as antibodies which reacted specifically with HSV antigens by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Hamster oncornavirus antigens were not detected by immunofluorescence methods. These observations represent the first evidence of the oncogenic potential of HSV-1.
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37
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Rapp F, Duff R. Transformation of hamster embryo fibroblasts by herpes simplex viruses type 1 and type 2. Cancer Res 1973; 33:1527-34. [PMID: 4352391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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38
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Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), type 2 (HSV-2), and simian virus 40 (SV40) fail to induce immunity in weanling Syrian hamsters to transplant of hamster cells transformed by HSV-2. However, the development of metastatic tumors is markedly enhanced by prior immunization with HSV-1. Immunization with SV40, ultraviolet-irradiated tumor cells, or ultraviolet-irradiated normal hamster embryo cells inhibits the development of metastases. The HSV-hamster system appears a good one for the study of development, prevention, and control of metastases by mammalian cells transformed by a common human virus.
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39
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Hayashi M, Griffin AC, Duff R, Rapp F. Chromatographic studies of tyrosyl and phenylalanyl transfer RNA's of liver and tumor cells. Cancer Res 1973; 33:902-5. [PMID: 4348778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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40
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Doller E, Duff R, Rapp F. Resistance of hamster cells transformed by herpes simplex virus type 2 to superinfection by herpes simplex viruses. Intervirology 1973; 1:154-67. [PMID: 4359758 DOI: 10.1159/000148842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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41
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Satoh C, Duff R, Rapp F, Davidson EA. Production of mucopolysaccharides by normal and transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1973; 70:54-6. [PMID: 4346038 PMCID: PMC433182 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.70.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate of hyaluronic acid and sulfated mucopolysaccharide production was measured for hamster embryo fibroblasts and for general oncogenic lines derived by virus transformation. A striking increase in both the rate of hyaluronic acid synthesis and the amount of cell-associated polymer was observed after transformation by herpes simplex type-2 or SV40 virus. Although no corresponding change was observed for the sulfated polysaccharides, the proportion of heparan sulfate increased significantly after transformation.
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42
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Abstract
A latent system employing measles virus (Schwarz strain) was developed in hamster embryo fibroblasts (HEF). Measles virus-specific antigen was detected by immunofluorescence in 30 to 50% of HEF cells, and these cells released infectious virus when co-cultivated with a susceptible monkey cell line, BSC-1 cells. No infectious virus could be detected in the cells when measures were taken to exclude passage of viable latent cells onto the indicator BSC-1 cells. Infectious center assays demonstrated that about 1 in 10 of the latently infected cells in the population could release infectious virus. Infectious virus appeared within 6 hr after co-cultivation of the HEF cells with BSC-1 cells, as compared to 24 hr required for normal replication of measles virus in the BSC-1 cells. Furthermore, labeling of progeny virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) by using tritiated uridine, and inhibition of RNA or protein synthesis by 5-azacytidine or cycloheximide suggested that neither additional RNA nor protein synthesis is required after co-cultivation of the cells to effect early virus release. It can therefore be postulated that there is a block at a late step in virus replication in the latently infected hamster cells. The most obvious site would concern maturation of infectious virions at the cell membrane.
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43
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Rapp F, Duff R. In vitro cell transformation by herpesviruses. FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS 1972; 31:1660-8. [PMID: 4351375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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44
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Briscoe WT, Taylor W, Griffin AC, Duff R, Rapp F. Aspartyl transfer RNA profiles in normal and cancer cells. Cancer Res 1972; 32:1753-5. [PMID: 4339753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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45
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Rapp F, Conner R, Glaser R, Duff R. Absence of leukosis virus markers in hamster cells transformed by herpes simplex virus type 2. J Virol 1972; 9:1059-63. [PMID: 4113887 PMCID: PMC356413 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.9.6.1059-1063.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hamster cells which transformed after exposure to herpes simplex virus type 2 previously irradiated with ultraviolet light were tested for the presence of hamster leukosis viruses or their virus-specific antigens. Three techniques that were used did not detect the presence of either hamster C-type particles or antigens commonly associated with such structures. The implication of these findings to current concepts of virus oncology is discussed.
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46
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Duff R, Knight P, Rapp F. Variation in oncogenic and transforming potential of PARA (defective SV40)-adenovirus 7. Virology 1972; 47:849-53. [PMID: 4335076 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90579-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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47
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Layne SS, Duff R, Rapp F. Quantitative transformation of primate cells by PARA (defective SV40)-adenovirus type 7. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1972; 39:74-82. [PMID: 4344149 DOI: 10.1007/bf01241530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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48
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Duff R, Rapp F. Properties of hamster embryo fibroblasts transformed in vitro after exposure to ultraviolet-irradiated herpes simplex virus type 2. J Virol 1971; 8:469-77. [PMID: 4108570 PMCID: PMC376220 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.8.4.469-477.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An in vitro method which led to the transformation of hamster embryo fibroblasts after exposure to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) inactivated with ultraviolet irradiation is described. The transformed cells (333-8-9) produced tumors when inoculated into newborn Syrian hamsters but not when injected into weanling Syrian hamsters of the same LSH inbred strain. However, after one in vivo passage, the 333-8-9 cells became highly oncogenic in weanling hamsters. No infectious virus was recovered from these cells. Herpes simplex virus antigens were detected in the transformed cells by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Sera from tumor-bearing hamsters contained antibody with highly specific neutralizing activity against HSV-2. These studies indicate the continued involvement of the HSV-2 genome in an oncogenic cell line.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/analysis
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, Viral/isolation & purification
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Cells, Cultured/immunology
- Cells, Cultured/microbiology
- Cricetinae
- Culture Techniques
- Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
- Cytoplasm/immunology
- Fibroblasts
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Genetics, Microbial
- Humans
- Immune Sera
- Inclusion Bodies, Viral
- Kidney
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood
- Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/microbiology
- Neutralization Tests
- Rabbits
- Radiation Effects
- Simplexvirus/immunology
- Simplexvirus/pathogenicity
- Simplexvirus/radiation effects
- Staining and Labeling
- Trypsin
- Ultraviolet Rays
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49
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Duff R, Rapp F. Oncogenic transformation of hamster cells after exposure to herpes simplex virus type 2. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1971; 233:48-50. [PMID: 4329350 DOI: 10.1038/newbio233048a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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50
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Duff R, Rapp F. Transformation of hamster cells by variants of PARA-adenovirus 7 Able to induce SV40 tumor antigen in the cytoplasm. Virology 1970; 42:273-5. [PMID: 4318984 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(70)90269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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