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Nadeem F, Zhang H, Tahir N, Zhang Z, Rani Singhania R, Shahzaib M, Ramazan H, Usman M, Ur Rahman M, Zhang Q. Advances in the catalyzed photo-fermentative biohydrogen production through photo nanocatalysts with the potential of selectivity, and customization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 382:129221. [PMID: 37217146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photo nanocatalyst have shownpromise in a variety of fields, including biohydrogen production where their catalytic efficiency is related to size, surface-to-volume ratio, and increasing the number of atoms on the surface. They can harvest solar light to create electron-hole pairs which is the key mechanism to define its catalytic efficiency, thus requiring suitable excitation wavelength, band energy, and crystal imperfections. In this review, a discussion on the role of photo nanocatalysts to catalyze biohydrogen production has been carried out. Photo nanocatalysts feature a large bandgap, andhigh defect concentration, thus having the ability to be tuned for their characteristics. Customization of the photo nanocatalyst has been addressed. Mechanism of the photo nanocatalysts in catalyzing biohydrogen has been discussed. Limiting factors of photo nanocatalysts were highlighted and several recommendations have been made to enhance the effective utilization of these photo nanocatalysts to enhance photo-fermentative biohydrogen production from biomass wastes.
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Tambat VS, Patel AK, Chen CW, Raj T, Chang JS, Singhania RR, Dong CD. A sustainable vanadium bioremediation strategy from aqueous media by two potential green microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121247. [PMID: 36764381 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, environmental concerns are rapidly growing due to increasing pollution levels. Vanadium is a hazardous heavy metal that poses health issues with an exposure concentration of about 2 ppm. It is regularly discharged by some industries and poses an environmental challenge. There are no sustainable green treatment methods for discharged effluents to mitigate vanadium threats to humans and the environment. In this study, the goal was to develop a green, sustainable method for removing vanadium and to utilize the produced biomass for biofuels, thus offsetting the treatment cost. Microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana SU1 and Picochlorum oklahomensis were employed for vanadium (III) treatment. The maximum removal was 25.5 mg L-1 with biomass and lipid yields of 3.0 g L-1 and 884.4 mg L-1 respectively after 14 days of treatment. The vanadium removal capacity by microalgae was further enhanced up to 2-2.7 folds while optimizing the key parameters, pH, and temperature before removing biomass from the liquid phase. FTIR is used to analyse the reactive groups in algal cell walls to confirm vanadium adsorption and to understand the dominant and quantitative interactions. Zeta potential analysis helps to find out the most suitable pH range to facilitate the ionic bonding of biomass and thus maximum vanadium adsorption. This study addresses regulating external factors for enhancing the removal performance during microalgal biomass harvesting, which significantly enhances the removal of vanadium (III) from the aqueous phase. This strategy aims to improve the removal efficiency of microalgal treatment at an industrial scale for the bioremediation of vanadium and other inorganic pollutants.
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Wu CC, Huang YW, Hou CY, Chen YT, Dong CD, Chen CW, Singhania RR, Leang JY, Hsieh SL. Lemon fermented products prevent obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats by modulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:1036-1044. [PMID: 36908372 PMCID: PMC9998762 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Citrus limon (lemon) possesses immunoregulatory, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering effects. Our previous study showed that lemon fermented products (LFP) which were lemon fermented with Lactobacillus OPC1 had the ability to avert obesity. However, the LFP effects on the pathway of lipid metabolism by gut microbiota were still unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the LFP effects on liver lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in a rat model of obesity caused by a high-calorie diet. LFP effectively reduced the total triglyceride (49.7%) and total cholesterol (53.3%) contents of the liver. Additionally, the mRNA levels of genes related to triglyceride metabolism (SREBP-1c, PPARγ, and ACC), cholesterol metabolism (HMG-CoA reductase, ACAT, and LCAT), and lipid β-oxidation (PPARα, and CPT-1) were regulated by LFP. Furthermore, LFP reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and enhanced the ratio of Firmicutes Clostridia. Overall, these findings suggested that LFP might use as a potential dietary supplement for preventing obesity by modulating the lipid metabolism and improving the gut microbiota.
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Tseng YS, Patel AK, Chen CW, Dong CD, Singhania RR. Improved production of bacterial cellulose by Komagataeibacter europaeus employing fruit extract as carbon source. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:1054-1064. [PMID: 36908337 PMCID: PMC9998749 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) has attracted worldwide attention owing to its tremendous properties and versatile applications. BC has huge market demand, however; its production is still limited hence important to explore the economically and technically feasible bioprocess for its improved production. The current study is based on improving the bioprocess for BC production employing Komagataeibacter europeaus 14148. Physico-chemical parameters have been optimized e.g., initial pH, incubation temperature, incubation period, inoculum size, and carbon source for maximum BC production. The study employed crude and/or a defined carbon source in the production medium. Hestrin and Schramm (HS) medium was used for BC production with initial pH 5.5 at 30 °C after 7 days of incubation under static conditions. The yield of BC obtained from fruit juice extracted from orange, papaya, mango and banana were higher than other sugars employed. The maximum BC yield of 3.48 ± 0.16 g/L was obtained with papaya extract having 40 g/L reducing sugar concentration and 3.47 ± 0.05 g/L BC was obtained with orange extract having 40 g/L reducing sugar equivalent in the medium. BC yield was about three-fold higher than standard HS medium. Fruit extracts can be employed as sustainable and economic substrates for BC production to replace glucose and fructose. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05451-y.
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Chen YT, Chen SJ, Yin LJ, Hu CY, Dong CD, Singhania RR, Hsieh SL. Anti-inflammatory effects of fish bone fermented using Monascus purpureus in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by regulating NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:958-965. [PMID: 36908357 PMCID: PMC9998776 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fish bones are the by-products of aquatic and fishery processing, which are often discarded. However, it has been considered having health-promoting by containing many essential nutrients. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effect of fish bone fermented by Monascus purpureus (FBF) and the NF-κB pathway regulation mechanism in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. FBF has inhibited the production of PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The FBF has significantly inhibited mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Moreover, FBF has suppressed activation of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B) by increasing IκB mRNA expression and reduced of p65, p50 mRNA expression, as well as nuclear NF-κB DNA binding activity in LPS-induced RAW 246.7 cells. These findings demonstrate that FBF has inhibited LPS-induced inflammation by subsiding the activation of NF-κB in RAW 246.7 cells, implying that FBF could be employed as a promising natural product.
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Nguyen TKT, Nguyen TB, Chen WH, Chen CW, Kumar Patel A, Bui XT, Chen L, Singhania RR, Dong CD. Phosphoric acid-activated biochar derived from sunflower seed husk: Selective antibiotic adsorption behavior and mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 371:128593. [PMID: 36634881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the unnecessary overuse of antibiotics has increased globally, resulting in antibiotic contamination of water, which has become a significant environmental concern. This study aims to examine the adsorption behavior of antibiotics (Tetracycline TC, Ciprofloxacin CIP, Ibuprofen IBP, and Sulfamethoxazole SMX) onto H3PO4-activated sunflower seed husk biochar (PSF). The results demonstrated that H3PO4 could enhance the specific surface area (378.8 m2/g) and create a mesoporous structure of biochar. The adsorption mechanism was investigated using kinetic models, isotherms, and thermodynamics. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) of TC, CIP, SMX, and IBP are 429.3, 361.6, 251.3, and 251.1 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption mechanism of antibiotics on PSF was governed by complex mechanisms, including chemisorption, external diffusion, and intraparticle diffusion. This research provides an environmentally friendly method for utilizing one of the agricultural wastes for the removal of a variety of antibiotics from the aquatic environment.
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Singh A, Prajapati P, Vyas S, Gaur VK, Sindhu R, Binod P, Kumar V, Singhania RR, Awasthi MK, Zhang Z, Varjani S. A Comprehensive Review of Feedstocks as Sustainable Substrates for Next-Generation Biofuels. BIOENERGY RESEARCH 2023; 16:105-122. [DOI: 10.1007/s12155-022-10440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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Sharma V, Tsai ML, Nargotra P, Chen CW, Sun PP, Singhania RR, Patel AK, Dong CD. Journey of lignin from a roadblock to bridge for lignocellulose biorefineries: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160560. [PMID: 36574559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The grave concerns arisen as a result of environmental pollution and diminishing fossil fuel reserves in the 21st century have shifted the focus on the use of sustainable and environment friendly alternative resources. Lignocellulosic biomass constituted by cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin is an abundantly available natural bioresource. Lignin, a natural biopolymer has over the years gained much importance as a high value material with commercial importance. The present review provides an in-depth knowledge on the journey of lignin from being considered a roadblock to a bridge connecting diverse industries with widescale applications. The successful valorization of lignin for the production of bio-based platform chemicals and fuels has been the subject of intensive investigation. A deeper understanding of lignin characteristics and factors governing the biomass conversion into valuable products can support improved biomass consumption. The components of lignocellulosic biomass might be totally transformed into a variety of value-added products with the improvements in bioprocess techniques that valorize lignin. In this review, the recent advances in the lignin extraction and depolymerization methods that may help in achieving the cost-economics of the bioprocess are summarized and compared. The industrial potential of lignin-derived products such as aromatics, biopolymers, biofuels and agrochemicals are also outlined. Additionally, assessment of the recent research trends in lignin valorization into value-added chemicals has been done and present scenario of technological-industrial applications of lignin with economic perspectives is highlighted.
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Dong CD, Tiwari A, Anisha GS, Chen CW, Singh A, Haldar D, Patel AK, Singhania RR. Laccase: A potential biocatalyst for pollutant degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120999. [PMID: 36608728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.120999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the continual march to a predominantly urbanized civilization, anthropogenic activities have increased scrupulously, industrialization have occurred, economic growth has increased, and natural resources are being exploited, causing huge waste management problems, disposal issues, and the evolution of several pollutants. In order to have a sustainable environment, these pollutants need to be removed and degraded. Bioremediation employing microorganisms or enzymes can be used to treat the pollutants by degrading and/or transforming the pollutants into different form which is less or non-toxic to the environment. Laccase is a diverse enzyme/biocatalyst belonging to the oxidoreductase group of enzymes produced by microorganisms. Due to its low substrate specificity and monoelectronic oxidation of substrates in a wide range of complexes, it is most commonly used to degrade chemical pollutants. For degradation of emerging pollutants, laccase can be efficiently employed; however, large-scale application needs reusability, thermostability, and operational stability which necessitated strategies like immobilization and engineering of robust laccase possessing desirable properties. Immobilization of laccase for bioremediation, and treatment of wastewater for degrading emerging pollutants have been focussed for sustainable development. Challenges of employing biocatalysts for these applications as well as engineering robust laccase have been highlighted in this study.
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Truong QM, Nguyen TB, Chen WH, Chen CW, Patel AK, Bui XT, Singhania RR, Dong CD. Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by high performance capacitive deionization process using biochar derived from Sargassum hemiphyllum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128524. [PMID: 36572160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive deionization (CDI) has been considered as an efficient, energy-saving and environmental friendly technology for water treatment. For the practical application of CDI, high-performance electrode materials beyond standard activated carbon should be developed. In this study, biochar derived from brown algae Sargassum hemiphyllum prepared by pyrolysis at 300-700 °C and then used as the CDI electrode to remove Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. According to the findings, the optimal pyrolysis temperature was 700 °C, and the electrosorption capacity of BAB700 was 75-120 mg·g-1 at an applied voltage of 1.2 V across wide range of initial pH, temperatures and ion types. Moreover, BAB700 also exhibited outstanding ability to electrosorb other heavy metals (Zn(II), Ni(II), and Cd(II)). In addition, the BAB700 retained the Cu(II) removal efficiency of 70 % in 10 cycles. Cu(II) in actual water is completely eliminated with great reproducibility, resulting in a high degree of applicability for water treatment.
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Chauhan AS, Patel AK, Chen CW, Chang JS, Michaud P, Dong CD, Singhania RR. Enhanced production of high-value polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from potential thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128536. [PMID: 36581232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to growing health concerns, the urban population is utterly inclined towards a healthy lifestyle and incorporated nutritional food supplements to lower common health risks. The ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs consumption is increasing, hence alternative commercial production is essentially developed. The microbial source is an emerging platform to overcome the global demand for omega PUFAs. Marine oleaginous protist Aurantiochytrium sp. found a potential source to produce substantial DHA and SFA. The objective of the present research was to enhance the PUFA yield by optimizing maximum tolerable glucose concentration with a suitable nitrogen ratio (10:1). The maximum lipid and DHA yield and content were determined 4.30, 1.34 g/L, and 62.4, 33.49 % of total biomass and lipid at 30 g/L glucose respectively, which is one of among highest reported, however relative PUFA was maximum 46.97 % (DHA) in total lipid at 10 g/L glucose. Remaining 42-53.6 % SFA could be used for biodiesel.
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Vadrale AP, Dong CD, Haldar D, Wu CH, Chen CW, Singhania RR, Patel AK. Bioprocess development to enhance biomass and lutein production from Chlorella sorokiniana Kh12. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 370:128583. [PMID: 36610481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Present study focused on optimizing bioprocess condition for microalgal lutein production. From previous baseline yields of biomass (3.46 g/L) and lutein (13.7 mg/g), this study examined few key parameters. The 3X:3X ratio macro- and micronutrients was the most affecting parameter with highest biomass and lutein yields of 4.61 g/L and 14.3 mg/g. Temperature 30 °C enhanced the lutein up to 17.3 mg/g but reduced the biomass to 3 g/L. The light effects study showed 10 k lux was most effective for lutein up to 14 mg/g, and effect of increasing salinity (25-75 %) was detrimental. All the above parameters' optimization resulted in a lipid content of 22.5-26.5 %. A maximum lutein productivity and yield of 0.451 mg/L/d and 65.74 mg/L with a 3X:3X macro- and micronutrient ratio was achieved. The Chlorella sorokiniana Kh12 strain exhibited one of the highest yields among recent reports; hence it could be a source for commercial lutein production.
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Tseng YS, Singhania RR, Cheng AC, Chen CW, Dong CD, Patel AK. Removal of heavy metal vanadium from aqueous solution by nanocellulose produced from Komagataeibacter europaeus employing pineapple waste as carbon source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128411. [PMID: 36460177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental concerns have taken a center stage in our lives driving the society towards biorefinery. Bioprocess development to produce valuable products utilizing waste has its own significance in circular bioeconomy and environmental sustainability. In the present study, production of bacterial cellulose using pineapple waste as carbon source by Komagataeibacter europaeus was undertaken and it was applied for removal of vanadium, a heavy metal which is generated as waste by semiconductors industry in Taiwan. Highest yield of bacterial cellulose (BC) e.i. 5.04 g/L was obtained with pineapple core hydrolysate (HS-PC) replacing glucose in HS medium. The vanadium adsorption capacity by BC produced by HS medium was 5.24 mg/g BC at pH 4 and 2.85 mg/g BC was observed on PCH medium. BC was characterised via SEM, FTIR and XRD.
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Dubey S, Chen CW, Haldar D, Tambat VS, Kumar P, Tiwari A, Singhania RR, Dong CD, Patel AK. Advancement in algal bioremediation for organic, inorganic, and emerging pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120840. [PMID: 36496067 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly changing bioremediation prospects are key drive to develop sustainable options that can offer extra benefits rather than only environmental remediation. Algal remediating is gaining utmost attention due to its mesmerising sustainable features, removing odour and toxicity, co-remediating numerous common and emerging inorganic and organic pollutants from gaseous and aqueous environments, and yielding biomass for a range of valuable products refining. Moreover, it also improves carbon footprint via carbon-capturing offers a better option than any other non-algal process for several high CO2-emitting industries. Bio-uptake, bioadsorption, photodegradation, and biodegradation are the main mechanisms to remediate a range of common and emerging pollutants by various algae species. Bioadsorption was a dominant remediation mechanism among others implicating surface properties of pollutants and algal cell walls. Photodegradable pollutants were photodegraded by microalgae by adsorbing photons on the surface and intracellularly via stepwise photodissociation and breakdown. Biodegradation involves the transportation of selective pollutants intracellularly, and enzymes help to convert them into simpler non-toxic forms. Robust models are from the green microalgae group and are dominated by Chlorella species. This article compiles the advancements in microalgae-assisted pollutants remediation and value-addition under sustainable biorefinery prospects. Moreover, filling the knowledge gaps, and recommendations for developing an effective platform for emerging pollutants remediation and realization of commercial-scale algal bioremediation.
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Singh A, Tsai ML, Chen CW, Rani Singhania R, Kumar Patel A, Tambat V, Dong CD. Role of hydrothermal pretreatment towards sustainable biorefinery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128271. [PMID: 36351534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the world is experiencing a shift from petroleum refineries to biorefineries due to fossil fuel depletion and environmental concerns. To achieve sustainable development of biorefineries and other components of the biofuel production process, eco-friendly and cost-effective approaches are necessary. Therefore, lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) must be exploited in biorefineries for the generation of a broad spectrum of products. The complex structure of LCB prevents its direct saccharification by enzymatic means, so pretreatment is necessary. There are several pretreatment technologies for disrupting the lignocellulosic structure, but hydrothermal pretreatment is the leading pretreatment technology for recovering hemicellulose fraction with a low number of inhibitors and an increased amount of cellulose. The severity of hydrothermal pretreatment plays a principal role in affecting cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin structure. A detailed account of microwave-assisted hydrothermal pretreatment technologies and the cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and upcoming challenges of this technology for commercialization with the probable solution is presented.
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Singh A, Chen CW, Patel AK, Dong CD, Singhania RR. Subcritical Water Pretreatment for the Efficient Valorization of Sorghum Distillery Residue for the Biorefinery Platform. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:bioengineering10010038. [PMID: 36671609 PMCID: PMC9854917 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuels is resulting in an increased energy crisis, which is leading the paradigm shift towards alternative energy resources to overcome the issue. Lignocellulosic biomass or agricultural residue could be utilized to produce energy fuel (bioethanol) as it can resolve the issue of energy crisis and reduce environmental pollution that occurs due to waste generation from agriculture and food industries. A huge amount of sorghum distillery residue (SDR) is produced during the Kaoliang liquor production process, which may cause environmental problems. Therefore, the SDR generated can be utilized to produce bioethanol to meet current energy demands and resolve environmental problems. Using a central composite experimental design, the SDR was subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment. The conditions selected for hydrothermal pretreatment are 155 °C, 170 °C, and 185 °C for 10, 30, and 50 min, respectively. Based on the analysis, 150 °C for 30 min conditions for SDR hydrothermal pretreatment were selected as no dehydration product (Furfural and HMF) was detected in the liquid phase. Therefore, the pretreated slurry obtained using hydrothermal pretreatment at 150 °C for 30 min was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis at 5% solid loading and 15 FPU/gds. The saccharification yield obtained at 72 h was 75.05 ± 0.5%, and 5.33 g/L glucose concentration. This non-conventional way of enzymatic hydrolysis eliminates the separation and detoxification process, favoring the concept of an economical and easy operational strategy in terms of biorefinery.
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Lin YC, Lin PY, Hsieh SL, Tsai CY, Patel AK, Singhania RR, Kirankumar R, Dong CD, Chen CW, Hsieh S. Quantum dot assisted precise and sensitive fluorescence-based formaldehyde detection in food samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 283:121729. [PMID: 35985226 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde has an extremely reactive carbonyl group, commonly used as an antibacterial agent to sterilize and prevent food to spoil. This article describes an efficient and rapid detection method of formaldehyde from an aqueous solution by synthesizing 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) quantum dots (Nano A) which react with formaldehyde to generate a Schiff base reaction. The photoinduced electron transfer produced by the quantum dots themselves results in fluorescence quenching to detect formaldehyde. The detection limit can reach 10-9 M, and it can further be used to detect formaldehyde content in foods, such as baby vegetables, mushrooms, and vermicelli among other daily foods.
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Haldar D, Dey P, Thomas J, Singhania RR, Patel AK. One pot bioprocessing in lignocellulosic biorefinery: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 365:128180. [PMID: 36283673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Practically, high-yield conversion of biomass into value-added products at low cost is a primary goal for any lignocellulosic refinery. In the industrial context, the limitation in the practical adaptation of the conventional techniques practically involves multiple reactors for the conversion of biomass to bioproducts. Therefore, the present manuscript critically reviewed the advancements in one-pot reaction systems with a major focus on the scientific production of value-added products from lignocellulosic biomass. In view of that, the novelty of one-pot reactions is shown during the fractionation of biomass into their individual constituents. The importance of the direct conversion of cellulose and lignin into a range of valuable products including organic acids and platform chemicals are separately discussed. Finally, the article is concluded with the opportunities, existing troubles, and possible solutions to overcome the challenges in lignocellulosic biorefinery. This article will assist the readers to identify the economic-friendly-one-pot conversion of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Morya R, Raj T, Lee Y, Kumar Pandey A, Kumar D, Rani Singhania R, Singh S, Prakash Verma J, Kim SH. Recent updates in biohydrogen production strategies and life-cycle assessment for sustainable future. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 366:128159. [PMID: 36272681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biohydrogen (bio-H2) is regarded as a clean, non-toxic, energy carrier and has enormous potential for transforming fossil fuel-based economy. The development of a continuous high-rate H2 production with low-cost economics following an environmentally friendly approach should be admired for technology demonstration. Thus, the current review discusses the biotechnological and thermochemical pathways for H2 production. Thermochemical conversion involves pyrolysis and gasification routes, while biotechnological involves light-dependent processes (e.g., direct and indirect photolysis, photo/ dark fermentation strategies). Moreover, environmentally friendly technologies can be created while utilizing renewable energy sources including lignocellulosic, wastewater, sludge, microalgae, and others, which are still being developed. Lifecycle assessment (LCA) evaluates and integrates the economic, environmental, and social performance of H2 production from biomass, microalgae, and biochar. Moreover, system boundaries evaluation, i.e., global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, and sensitivity analysis could lead in development of sustainable bioenergy transition with high economic and environmental benefits.
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Patel AK, Kumar P, Chen CW, Tambat VS, Nguyen TB, Hou CY, Chang JS, Dong CD, Singhania RR. Nano magnetite assisted flocculation for efficient harvesting of lutein and lipid producing microalgae biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:128009. [PMID: 36162780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For commercial scale algal biorefining, harvesting cost is a major bottleneck. Thus, a cost-effective, less-energy intensive, and efficient harvesting method is being investigated. Among several harvesting methods, magnetic flocculation offers the benefits of modest operation, energy savings and quick separation. This study aims to develop novel magnetite-(Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNPs) of 20 nm average size and their high reusability potential to reduce the harvesting cost of microalgae biomass. The MNPs were synthesized and characterized using FTIR, Zeta analyzer, and SEM before performing on Chlorella sorokiniana Kh12 and Tu5. For maximum harvesting efficiency >99%, the optimal culture pH, MNPs concentration, and agitation speed were 3, 200 mg/L, and 450 rpm, respectively. Subsequently, MNPs were recovered via alkaline treatment and reused up to 5 cycles as they retained their reactivity and harvesting efficiency. The studied MNPs-based harvesting method could be adopted at a commercial scale for cost-effective algae biorefinery in the future.
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González-Gloria K, Rodríguez-Jasso RM, Saxena R, Sindhu R, Ali SS, Singhania RR, Patel AK, Binod P, Ruiz HA. Bubble column bioreactor design and evaluation for bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation strategy from hydrothermally pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Patel AK, Tambat VS, Chen CW, Chauhan AS, Kumar P, Vadrale AP, Huang CY, Dong CD, Singhania RR. Recent advancements in astaxanthin production from microalgae: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128030. [PMID: 36174899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have emerged as the best source of high-value astaxanthin producers. Algal astaxanthin possesses numerous bioactivities hence the rising demand for several health applications and is broadly used in pharmaceuticals, aquaculture, health foods, cosmetics, etc. Among several low-priced synthetic astaxanthin, natural astaxanthin is still irreplaceable for human consumption and food-additive uses. This review highlights the recent development in production enhancement and cost-effective extraction techniques that may apply to large-scale astaxanthin biorefinery. Primarily, the biosynthetic pathway of astaxanthin is elaborated with the key enzymes involved in the metabolic process. Moreover, discussed the latest astaxanthin enhancement strategies mainly including chemicals as product inducers and byproducts inhibitors. Later, various physical, chemical, and biological cell disruption methods are compared for cell disruption efficiency, and astaxanthin extractability. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of advancements in astaxanthin research covering scalable upstream and downstream astaxanthin bioproduction aspects.
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Saini R, Chen CW, Patel AK, Saini JK, Dong CD, Singhania RR. Valorization of Pineapple Leaves Waste for the Production of Bioethanol. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100557. [PMID: 36290525 PMCID: PMC9598059 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Being a lignocellulose-rich biomass, pineapple leaves waste (PL) could be a potential raw material for the production of biofuel, biochemicals, and other value-added products. The main aim of this study was to investigate the potential of pineapple leaves in the sustainable production of bioethanol via stepwise saccharification and fermentation. For this purpose, PL was subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment in a high-pressure reactor at 150 °C for 20 min without any catalyst, resulting in a maximum reducing sugar yield of 38.1 g/L in the liquid fraction after solid-liquid separation of the pretreated hydrolysate. Inhibitors (phenolics, furans) and oligomers production were also monitored during the pretreatment in the liquid fraction of pretreated PL. Enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) of both pretreated biomass slurry and cellulose-rich solid fraction maintained at a solid loading (dry basis) of 5% wt. was performed at 50 °C and 150 rpm using commercial cellulase at an enzyme dose of 10 FPU/gds. EH resulted in a glucose yield of 13.7 and 18.4 g/L from pretreated slurry and solid fractions, respectively. Fermentation of the sugar syrup obtained by EH of pretreated slurry and the solid fraction was performed at 30 °C for 72 h using Saccharomyces cerevisiae WLP300, resulting in significant ethanol production with more than 91% fermentation efficiency. This study reveals the potential of pineapple leaves waste for biorefinery application, and the role of inhibitors in the overall efficiency of the process when using whole biomass slurry as a substrate.
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Truong QM, Ho PNT, Nguyen TB, Chen WH, Bui XT, Kumar Patel A, Rani Singhania R, Chen CW, Dong CD. Magnetic biochar derived from macroalgal Sargassum hemiphyllum for highly efficient adsorption of Cu(II): Influencing factors and reusability. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127732. [PMID: 35934247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the brown algae Sargassum Hemiphyllum was used as a carbon source for synthesis of magnetic porous biochar via pyrolyzing at high temperature and and doping iron oxide particles (Fe-BAB). Cu (II) species were removed from aqueous solutions using Fe-BAB under various conditions. Fe-BAB demonstrated superior Cu (II) adsorption (105.3 mg g-1) compared to other biochars. On the surface of Fe-BAB, there are several oxygen-containing functional groups, such as -COOH and -OH, which are likely responsible for the excellent heavy metal removal performance. By utilizing magnet, the Fe-BAB can be conveniently separated from the solution and ready for further usage. Multi-adsorption mechanisms were responsible for Cu adsorption on Fe-BAB. Using the magnetic algal biochar for heavy metal removal is feasible due to its high adsorption efficiency and simplicity of separation.
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Anisha GS, Padmakumari S, Patel AK, Pandey A, Singhania RR. Fucoidan from Marine Macroalgae: Biological Actions and Applications in Regenerative Medicine, Drug Delivery Systems and Food Industry. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090472. [PMID: 36135017 PMCID: PMC9495336 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine macroalgae produce a collection of bioactive polysaccharides, of which the sulfated heteropolysaccharide fucoidan produced by brown algae of the class Phaeophyceae has received worldwide attention because of its particular biological actions that confer nutritional and health benefits to humans and animals. The biological actions of fucoidan are determined by their structure and chemical composition, which are largely influenced by the geographical location, harvest season, extraction process, etc. This review discusses the structure, chemical composition and physicochemical properties of fucoidan. The biological action of fucoidan and its applications for human health, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and drug delivery are also addressed. The industrial scenario and prospects of research depicted would give an insight into developing fucoidan as a commercially viable and sustainable bioactive material in the nutritional and pharmacological sectors.
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