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Sivakanthan S, Candiotti JL, Sundaram AS, Duvall JA, Sergeant JJG, Cooper R, Satpute S, Turner RL, Cooper RA. Mini-review: Robotic wheelchair taxonomy and readiness. Neurosci Lett 2022; 772:136482. [PMID: 35104618 PMCID: PMC8887066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Robotic wheelchair research and development is a growing sector. This article introduces a robotic wheelchair taxonomy, and a readiness model supported by a mini-review. The taxonomy is constructed by power wheelchair and, mobile robot standards, the ICF and, PHAATE models. The mini-review of 2797 articles spanning 7 databases produced 205 articles and 4 review articles that matched inclusion/exclusion criteria. The review and analysis illuminate how innovations in robotic wheelchair research progressed and have been slow to translate into the marketplace.
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Daveler B, Gebrosky B, Eckstein I, Cooper R, Grindle GG, Cooper RA. Air-powered shopping carts in grocery stores: a pilot study. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2022; 17:116-122. [PMID: 32427527 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2020.1767221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Motorized shopping carts found at grocery and retail stores provide mobility for those who have difficulty walking through the store or pushing a regular cart. The purpose of this study was to understand the usage of motorized carts in grocery stores and pilot test an air-powered cart to determine its feasibility as a replacement for electric-powered carts as well as identify areas for improvement and preferred users. METHODS Users were asked to complete an online survey that assessed their shopping characteristics and experience using the motorized cart. K-Means clustering determined user demographics who chose to use the air-powered carts versus the electric-powered carts. Open-ended comments for improvements were also collected. RESULTS A total of 65 participants were provided informed consent, 60 participants met inclusion criteria and completed the survey. A majority of the air-powered (N = 29, 91%) and electric-powered (N = 11, 73%) cart users had a positive experience. Clustering found age and type of mobility device owned were significant whether participants chose the air-powered or electric-powered carts. Most suggested improvements for the air-powered carts were better braking, higher speed and a bigger basket while a longer battery life was most suggested for electric-powered carts. CONCLUSIONS Motorized shopping carts are used by a wide variety of individuals. Individuals aged 54 or younger and do not own a mobility device chose to use air-powered more than electric-powered carts. The functional capabilities of the air-powered carts demonstrated their potential to serve as practical replacements for electric-powered carts found in grocery and retail stores.Implications for rehabilitationThe availability and reliability of motorized shopping carts at retail stores are integral for individuals with physical impairments to complete their shopping needs.The development of novel assistive devices such as air-powered carts provides improved experiences and quality of life.Integrating end-user feedback during the design of assistive technologies is paramount for meeting actual needs.
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Candiotti JL, Daveler BJ, Sivakanthan S, Grindle GG, Cooper R, Cooper RA. Curb Negotiation With Dynamic Human-Robotic Wheelchair Collaboration. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS 2021; 52:149-155. [PMID: 35433138 PMCID: PMC9009297 DOI: 10.1109/thms.2021.3131672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheelchair users often face architectural barriers such as curbs, limiting their accessibility, mobility, and participation in their communities. The mobility enhancement robotic (MEBot) wheelchair was developed to navigate over such architectural barriers. Its application allows wheelchair users to negotiate curbs automatically while the user remains in control. The application was optimized from a manual to a semiautomated process based on wheelchair users' feedback. The optimized application was evaluated by experienced wheelchair users who navigated over curbs of different heights. Participants evaluated MEBot in terms of effectiveness, workload demand, and usability. Ten participants successfully ascended and descended curbs of different heights at an average completion time of 55.7 ± 19.5 and 30.3 ± 9.1 s, respectively. MEBot maintained stability during the process, while participants reported low levels of effort, frustration, and overall cognitive demand to operate MEBot. Furthermore, participants were satisfied with the ease of learning and using the MEBot curb negotiation application to overcome the curbs but suggested less wheel adjustment for comfort and a faster pace to overcome curbs during real-world conditions.
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Duvall J, Grindle GG, Kaplan J, Marks D, Sylvers L, Patel J, Lain M, Bagay A, Chung C, Cooper RA. VA TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PROGRAM RESPONDS TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC. TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION 2021; 22:173-179. [PMID: 35096277 PMCID: PMC8793323 DOI: 10.21300/22.2.2021.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic stressed healthcare systems all over the world. Two primary challenges that healthcare systems faced were a shortage of personal protective equipment and the need for new technologies to handle infection prevention for staff and patients. The Department of Veteran's Affairs (VA) Technology Transfer Program responded by prioritizing the development of innovations in the Technology Transfer Assistance Project which addressed the pandemic. This paper describes several innovations that addressed the needs of the VA healthcare system during the pandemic and how they were rapidly developed.
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Satpute S, Cooper R, Dicianno BE, Joseph J, Chi Y, Cooper RA. Mini-review: Rehabilitation engineering: Research priorities and trends. Neurosci Lett 2021; 764:136207. [PMID: 34478814 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rehabilitation Engineering is the use of engineering principles applied to rehabilitation, disability, and independent living. Google Scholar is a searchable resource that allows people from around the world to create profiles of their interests and collaborations, and it provides a means to search the broad scientific and technical literature. Google Scholar was used to identify the 150 most cited people who listed Rehabilitation Engineering in their profile. Research impact, characteristics, and areas of research of the most cited rehabilitation engineers were examined. Furthermore, gender and geographical differences in research metrics of the highest citied rehabilitation engineers were investigated. Consumer priorities in rehabilitation engineering were identified using a voice of consumer (VoC) survey and recent literature based on VoC studies. Gaps between research publication and activities and consumer priorities were identified to recommend seven areas of research with high demand and opportunity for growth and innovation. Implications.
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Blaauw ER, Greenhalgh M, Vegter R, Bass S, Kulich H, Grindle GG, Cooper R, Koontz AM, Cooper RA. Assessment of Muscle Activation of Caregivers Performing Dependent Transfers With a Novel Robotic-Assisted Transfer Device Compared With the Hoyer Advance. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 100:885-894. [PMID: 33315611 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity in caregivers while using a novel robotic-assisted transfer device (Strong Arm) to a clinical standard of care (Hoyer Advance). DESIGN A quasi-experimental design was used in which 20 caregivers (33 ± 15 yrs old) performed transfers with three surfaces (toilet, bench, and shower chair) with the Strong Arm and Hoyer Advance. Transfer completion time (seconds), peak percentage surface electromyography (EMG), and integrated EMG of the bilateral erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major and anterior deltoid were measured. RESULTS Caregivers required less transfer time when transferring from wheelchair to surface using the Hoyer Advance (P = 0.011, f = 0.39). For the lower back, significantly lower peak percentage EMGs were found using Strong Arm in 50% and for the integrated EMG in 25% of the cases, with the remaining cases showing no significant differences. For the shoulder, significantly lower peak percentage EMG values were found using Strong Arm in 19% of transfers and lower integrated EMG was found in 25% of transfers when using the Hoyer Advance, with the remaining cases showing no significant differences. CONCLUSION Although back muscle activation during Strong Arm transfers is statistically, but not clinically, lower, additional features that couple with significantly lower muscle activation make it an alternative to the clinical standard for further research and possible clinical applicability.
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Dicianno BE, Sivakanthan S, Sundaram SA, Satpute S, Kulich H, Powers E, Deepak N, Russell R, Cooper R, Cooper RA. Systematic review: Automated vehicles and services for people with disabilities. Neurosci Lett 2021; 761:136103. [PMID: 34237416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
People with disabilities face many travel barriers. Autonomous vehicles and services may be one solution. The purpose of this project was to conduct a systematic review of the grey and scientific literature on autonomous vehicles for people with disabilities. Scientific evidence (n = 35) was limited to four observational studies with a very low level of evidence, qualitative studies, reviews, design and model reports, and policy proposals. Literature on older adults was most prevalent. Grey literature (n = 37) spanned a variety of media and sources and focuses on a variety of disability and impairment types. Results highlight opportunities and barriers to accessible and usable AVs and services, outline research gaps to set a future research agenda, and identify implications for policy and knowledge translation. People with disabilities are a diverse group, and accessible and usable design solutions will therefore need to be tailored to each group's needs, circumstances, and preferences. Future research in diverse disability groups should include more participatory action design and engineering studies and higher quality, prospective experimental studies to evaluate outcomes of accessible and usable AV technology. Studies will need to address not only all vehicle features but also the entire travel journey.
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Duvall J, Grindle GG, Kaplan J, Lain M, Cooper RA. TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ASSISTANCE PROJECT BRINGS VA HEALTH CARE IDEAS TO LIFE. TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION 2021; 22:65-73. [PMID: 34707797 PMCID: PMC8547312 DOI: 10.21300/21.4.2021.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinicians and staff of the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System (VA), who provide services to veterans, have invented many devices and methods for improving veterans' lives. However, translating those inventions to the market has been a challenge due to limited collaboration between the clinical inventors and the scientists, researchers, and engineers who can produce the prototypes necessary for licensing the technology. The VA Technology Transfer Program office and the Human Engineering Research Laboratories, a research laboratory with experience with developing prototypes and licensing technology, jointly developed a program called the Technology Transfer Assistance Project (TTAP) to bridge the gap between clinical inventors and prototypes ready for licensing. This paper describes TTAP and provides examples of the first inventions that were developed or enhanced through TTAP.
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Cooper RA, Goosey-Tolfrey V. Introduction. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2021; 16:361. [PMID: 33979253 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2021.1923999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Greenhalgh M, Rigot S, Eckstein S, Joseph J, Cooper RM, Cooper RA. A consumer assessment of women who use wheelchairs. JOURNAL OF MILITARY, VETERAN AND FAMILY HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.3138/jmvfh-2020-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
LAY SUMMARY Female Veterans and female athletes with disabilities express concerns with mobility devices that are male-centric and do not address their unique needs. It is important that the needs of women are given the same attention as those of men. The following study asked groups of women who use wheelchairs or scooters, including Veterans and athletes, about their experiences. Twenty-four women, recruited from two sporting events for Veterans with disabilities, were asked to fill out a survey and participate in a focus group where they would discuss their views on mobility aids and related services. There were four major themes women often mentioned when they talked about using their mobility aids: usability (how they like using it), service delivery (how they get help with it), well-being (how they feel), and design (how it looks and works). Participants were concerned about the ability to adjust their device to their needs, how people obtained a device, and how they felt about using the device. Female wheelchair and scooter users recommended several changes to mobility aids that would improve the devices and improve the lives of women who use them.
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Duvall J, Satpute S, Cooper R, Cooper RA. A review of adaptive sport opportunities for power wheelchair users. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2021; 16:407-413. [PMID: 32427531 PMCID: PMC10091906 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2020.1767220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify adaptive sports opportunities for individuals who use powered wheelchairs for their primary means of mobility, and to determine barriers and facilitators for new sporting opportunities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A structured literature review of the peer-reviewed scientific literature and analysis of major adaptive sport competitions information. Pubmed and Scopus were searched for the phrases "Power wheelchair sports" and "complex disability sport" to identify articles discussing competitive sport opportunities for power wheelchair users. Also, the websites and instructional materials were searched to identify what sports exist for power wheelchair users in the Paralympics, the National Veteran Wheelchair Games, the Invictus Games and the Warrior Games. RESULTS Eleven articles were found from Pubmed and Scopus which met the criteria, most of which were focused on power soccer. The search for sport opportunities from the four major competitions found few events where someone using a power wheelchair could participate, most of which involve a stationary chair during competition (e.g., archery, billiards). CONCLUSIONS This literature review identified few programs for sports for people who use power wheelchairs. Many challenges such as lack of appropriate technology, lack of programs, and challenging classification categories all interact to contribute to this problem. Opportunities exist for better and more appropriate technology to be developed and for new and innovative sports and rules to be adopted for these athletes to benefit more from sport and recreation.Implications for rehabilitationAthletes with complex disabilities and high support needs are not provided with the same opportunities as other athletes.Challenges such as insufficient technology, lack of programs, and challenging classification categories all interact to contribute to the lack of opportunities.Opportunities exist for better and more appropriate technology to be developed and for new and innovative sports and rules to be adopted for athletes with complex disabilities and high support needs to benefit more from sport and recreation.
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Duvall J, Gebrosky B, Ruffing J, Anderson A, Ong SS, McDonough R, Cooper RA. Design of an adjustable wheelchair for table tennis participation. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2021; 16:425-431. [PMID: 32951495 PMCID: PMC10088366 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2020.1821105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity and recreation are very important for people with disabilities and provide benefits for self-esteem, social relationships, employment, rehabilitation, and education. Para Table Tennis is an adaptive sport where participants compete in table tennis while sitting in a wheelchair. However, athletes generally use their everyday wheelchair instead of a device specifically designed for the sport. The specific support, movements, and posture needed to participate in table tennis at the highest level are different than general day-to-day mobility and a device could be optimized for the sport. This research describes the development of a wheelchair specifically designed for para table tennis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The design followed a participatory action design approach which identified the specific needs for a wheelchair to be used during para table tennis. RESULTS Three design needs were identified which included 1) locking the casters in the forward direction, 2) ability to raise the seat height as high as possible while allowing the user's knees to fit under the table, and 3) adjustable seat angle which will allow some users to have anterior tilt to get their trunk even higher while other users could have posterior tilt for stability. A new chair meeting these needs was designed and prototyped. CONCLUSIONS Para table tennis has some specific requirements related to movements and posture which were improved by a new wheelchair design specific for the sport.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONMany adaptive sports are improved with sport specific technology.A model client was used to develop a wheelchair specifically for adaptive table tennis.The height and angle of the seat of the new wheelchair can be adjusted for optimal stability and reach.The casters of the new wheelchair can be locked to allow only forward and backward motion.
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Quinby E, McKernan G, Eckstein S, Joseph J, Dicianno BE, Cooper RA. The voice of the consumer: A survey of consumer priorities to inform knowledge translation among Veterans who use mobility assistive technology. JOURNAL OF MILITARY, VETERAN AND FAMILY HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.3138/jmvfh-2019-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
LAY SUMMARY Mobility assistive technology (AT) can improve the lives of people with disabilities by helping them get around in their communities. Today, over 23.9 million Americans use a wheelchair or assistive device, and over 85,000 wheelchairs, scooters, or other mobility devices are provided to Veterans each year. In order to find out how people learn about AT to improve efforts to disseminate information about AT, a survey of people who use mobility AT was conducted. The majority of people who completed the survey were Veterans (82%). It was determined that these people most often learned about AT through other users and/or from Veterans and the Internet, and that some people wish to receive information in other ways. Researchers can use these findings to better reach the people who could benefit from the new mobility AT they are creating.
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Greenhalgh M, Kulich H, Blaauw E, Turner R, Peterson S, Cooper RA, Songer T. Health Outcomes Used to Determine Facets of Health-related Quality of Life for Post-9/11 Veterans Using Assistive Technology for A Combat-related Mobility Impairment: A Literature Review. Mil Med 2021; 186:1106-1114. [PMID: 33538791 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Novel rehabilitation methods, including distribution and adoption of assistive technology for lower extremity impairments, are becoming crucial to ensure positive quality of life in all individuals. The quality of life of post-9/11 combat veterans is not well understood, in comparison to research on other populations. The following essay describes a review on health outcomes used to determine health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) among combat-injured service members who require mobility-related assistive technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reviews pooled data from research on PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO published after September 11, 2001, and included service members who sustained a mobility impairment because of involvement in a post-9/11 combat operation. Basic descriptors were extracted in addition to health outcomes used, which were then categorized and summarized by six domains for HR-QoL as defined by the World Health Organization. RESULTS This review found health outcomes that fit in the pain and discomfort, negative emotions, mobility, social relations, access to and quality of healthcare services, and religious/spiritual/personal beliefs subdomains. The categorized results detailed their application to track and model HR-QoL health states in those with mobility impairments using mobility-based assistive technology. CONCLUSIONS The research on combat-induced mobility impairments indicates assistive technology improves otherwise poor health states. The results model these domains and subdomains to determine overall HR-QoL and the quality of a healthcare intervention, though additional research is needed as only one study was identified to be experimental in design.
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Greenhalgh M, Blaauw E, Deepak N, St Laurent COLM, Cooper R, Bendixen R, Koontz AM, Cooper RA. Usability and task load comparison between a robotic assisted transfer device and a mechanical floor lift during caregiver assisted transfers on a care recipient. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2020; 17:833-839. [PMID: 32988254 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2020.1818137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The RATD represents a novel methodology to reduce strain, manoeuvring, and cognitive load a caregiver experiences when conducting transfers on a mannequin. However, caregivers who used this new technology report suggested adjustments regarding the robot's human machine interface and shape as to improve transfer efficiency and comfort for care recipients. The purpose of this study was to test a redesigned RATD and compare its ergonomics during a transfer to those of a mechanical floor lift. METHODS This was cross sectional protocol. As opposed to prior research which used a mannequin, caregivers in this study (N = 28) partnered with, and transferred, a mobility device user (N = 28) at three unique surfaces. Information about task demand and usability was collected from surveys after use of each device at each surface. RESULTS Results indicated reduced physical demand (p = .004) and discomfort frequency (p = .01) in caregivers conducting the transfers with the RATD compared to the mechanical floor lift. Care recipients reported no significant differences between both transfer devices. Critiques with the interface, the harness and sling, and the robot's rigidity indicated more work is needed before introducing this technology to a larger market. Conclusions: The RATD represents a promising new intervention for transferring and handling care recipients who use wheelchairs. However, while caregivers report reduced physical demand and discomfort, more work is required to advance the ease of the human machine interface, the amount of space allowed for the robot to operate, and the ability of the care recipient to operate the technology independently.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONCaregivers report significant physical and mental stress while transferring clients in and out of a wheelchair.Clinical standard transfer equipment is limited in the space which it can be used.Robots, particularly those portable and powered, have the ability to not only make the transfer experience safer, but also expand the applications this equipment can provide.
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Džafić D, Candiotti JL, Cooper RA. Improving wheelchair route planning through instrumentation and navigation systems. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:5737-5740. [PMID: 33019277 PMCID: PMC8883793 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Route planning is an important tool to reach points of interest. The current technology offers options for public transportation and pedestrians on the road and sidewalks, respectively. However, for people who use electric powered wheelchairs (EPW) as their primary means of mobility, the level of accessibility and EPW battery consumption are important during route planning. This paper introduces the concept of an accessible route navigation application to reduce EPW battery consumption. The application, called eNav, uses five layers of information including OpenStreetMaps (OSM), airborne laser scanner (ALS), Point-of-Interests (POIs), public transportation, and crowdsourcing. eNav collects these layers of information to provide the shortest, most accessible, and most comfortable routes that consume the least amount of EPW battery. Additionally, the paper presents the Mobility Enhancement roBot (MEBot), a legged-wheeled power wheelchair, to drive over architectural barriers and less accessible environments. The paper proposes the use of MEBot as a sixth layer of information to inform eNav and road authorities about sidewalk/route conditions, to improve road accessibility, and to provide an energy efficient route planning for non-MEBot users.
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Sindall P, Lenton JP, Mason BS, Tolfrey K, Cooper RA, Martin Ginis KA, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Practice improves court mobility and self-efficacy in tennis-specific wheelchair propulsion. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2020; 16:398-406. [PMID: 32412809 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2020.1761892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Wheelchair tennis (WT) propulsion is uniquely characterized by the requirement for racket holding coupled with effective hand-rim contact. Thus, investigations involving strategies to enhance chair mobility skills are merited. The aim was to examine the effects of organized practice on WT match play responses and the impact of racket holding during practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following physiological profiling involving graded and peak exercise testing, 16 able-bodied (AB) participants performed bouts of WT match play interspersed with practice involving wheelchair mobility drills completed with (R) or without (NR) a tennis racket. A data logger recorded distance and speed. Self-efficacy was reported. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Significant main effects for match revealed higher post-practice overall and forwards distances (p < 0.05), peak (p < 0.005) and average (p < 0.05) speeds and self-efficacy (SE) (p = 0.001) were attained. During practice, lower distances and speeds were achieved with R, with a lower physiological cost than NR. Practice increases court movement and SE with no associated increases in physiological cost. Changes represent enhanced court mobility. Differences between practice characteristics provide options for skill development and optimization of health outcomes.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONWheelchair tennis participation is likely to confer positive health effects in those with a disability or physical impairment.As chair propulsion combined with racket holding represents a complex skill challenge, novices may find the sport challenging to play.Tennis-specific mobility drills improve confidence and chair propulsion skill with likely crossover into tennis match play competence and ability.
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Gebrosky B, Bridge A, O'Donnell S, Grindle GG, Cooper R, Cooper RA. Comparing the performance of ultralight folding manual wheelchairs using standardized tests. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2020; 17:40-49. [PMID: 32338550 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2020.1754928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate ultralight folding manual wheelchairs (UFMWs) in order to produce comparative data on their strength, durability, stability and cost-benefit, and to determine progress of wheelchairs by comparing these results to results of past studies.Design: Engineering testing using American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America (RESNA) standards.Setting: Laboratory testing of UFMW stability, and static, impact and fatigue strength performance with three devices using ANSI/RESNA standardized tests.Participants: The three wheelchair models were the TiLite Aero X (Permobil, Lebanon, TN), Sunrise Medical Quickie 2 (Fresno, CA) and Ki Mobility Catalyst 5 (Stevens Point, WI).Interventions: ANSI/RESNA standardized tests.Main outcome measures: Mass and critical measurements, static stability, static strength, impact strength, fatigue strength and cost analysis.Results: The ultralight folding wheelchairs continued to outperform their lightweight and rigid framed counterparts. According to these data, the quality of ultralight wheelchairs has not declined over the past 10 years. The Ki Catalyst did not pass strength and durability testing, while the TiLite Aero X and Sunrise Medical Quickie 2 surpassed these tests.Conclusions: This result exemplifies the need for ongoing research to identify whether wheelchairs satisfy ANSI/RESNA testing requirements and highlights the importance of creating a resource data set. This is particularly important when numerous other wheelchairs fail to meet minimum ANSI/RESNA requirements.Implications for RehabilitationFolding frame wheelchairs offer benefits such as transportability and convenience that may benefit certain wheelchair users, assuming their durability is sufficient and they provide similar benefits vs. other wheelchair construction.Previous studies have shown that folding wheelchairs perform meet the minimum requirements of standardized testing, and it is important to see if durability has increased, decreased or remained the same over the years. Other wheelchair types have remained stagnant with respect to durability and are less likely to meet the minimum durability requirements.Durable devices will improve a wheelchair user's quality of life by reducing downtime while waiting for repairs, and also reduce the likelihood of injury due to component failure.
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Sivakanthan S, Blaauw E, Greenhalgh M, Koontz AM, Vegter R, Cooper RA. Person transfer assist systems: a literature review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2019; 16:270-279. [PMID: 31607186 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2019.1673833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Novel developments in the robotics field have produced systems that can support person wheelchair transfers, maximize safety and reduce caregiver burden. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe these systems, their usability (or satisfaction), the context for which they have been or can be used and how they have been evaluated to determine evidence for their effectiveness. METHOD Available research on Person Transfer Assist Systems (PTAS) was systematically gathered using similar standards to the PRISMA guidelines. The search terms were derived from common terms and via exploring similar review articles. Initial search terms displayed 1330 articles and by using the inclusion/exclusion criteria 96 articles were selected for abstract review. After full- text reviewing 48 articles were included. RESULTS 29 articles concerned research in robotic transfer systems, 10 articles used both ceiling and floor-mounted lifts and 9 articles used only floor-mounted lifts as an intervention/control group. The results of this analysis identified a few usability evaluations for robotic transfer prototypes, especially ones comparing prototypes to existing marketed devices. CONCLUSION Robotic device research is a recent development within assistive technology. Whilst usability evaluations provided evidence that a robotic device will provide better service to the user, the sample number of subjects used are minimal in comparison to any of the intervention/control group articles. Experimental studies between PTASs are required to support technological advancements. Caregiver injury risk has been the focus for most of the comparison articles; however, few articles focus on the implications to the person.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONCeiling mounted lifts are preferred over floor-based lifts due to lower injury rates.Many robotic transfer systems have been developed; however, there is a paucity of quantitative and qualitative studies.Based on the results of this review, rehabilitation settings are recommended to use ceiling over floor assist systems, and it is recommended to provide training on using devices to assist with patient transfers to lower the risk of injuries.
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Candiotti JL, Daveler BJ, Kamaraj DC, Chung CS, Cooper R, Grindle GG, Cooper RA. A Heuristic Approach to Overcome Architectural Barriers Using a Robotic Wheelchair. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:1846-1854. [PMID: 31403434 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2934387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Mobility Enhancement roBotic (MEBot) wheelchair was developed to improve the safety and accessibility of wheelchair users when facing architectural barriers. MEBot uses pneumatic actuators attached to its frame and six wheels to provide curb ascending/descending for heights up to 20.3 cm. To improve MEBot's application, this study used a heuristic approach with power wheelchair users to evaluate and improve the MEBot application at different curb heights. Wheelchair users were trained on MEBot's features to operate its curb ascending/descending application. Three trials were carried out with wheelchair users ascending and descending three curbs of different height. Quantitative variables were analyzed to improve the sequential steps to ascend/descend curbs. Additionally, the application's effectiveness and efficiency were measured by the number of completed tasks, change in seat angle, and task completion time. Results showed that participants completed each trial and applied alternative strategies to traverse different curb heights. Furthermore, results suggested the combination and/or re-arrangement of steps to reduce task completion time. MEBot demonstrated its effectiveness to ascend/descend different curb heights with a heterogeneous participant sample. Future work will incorporate participant's most efficient strategies to improve the ascending/ascending process and the efficiency of the MEBot application.
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Greenhalgh M, Matthew Landis J, Brown J, Kulich H, Bass S, Alqahtani S, Deepak N, Cryzter TM, Grindle G, Koontz AM, Cooper RA. Assessment of Usability and Task Load Demand Using a Robot-Assisted Transfer Device Compared With a Hoyer Advance for Dependent Wheelchair Transfers. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 98:729-734. [PMID: 31318755 PMCID: PMC6649685 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Manual lifting can be burdensome for people who care for power wheelchair users. Although technologies used for dependent transfers are helpful, they have shortcomings of their own. This study compares the usability and task load demand of a novel robot-assisted transfer device to a clinical standard when performing dependent transfers. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess caregivers (N = 21) transferring a 56-kg mannequin with the Strong Arm and Hoyer Advance at three transfer locations. Feedback was gathered through qualitative surveys. RESULTS Usability was significant in multiple areas important for transfers. Caregiver fatigue and discomfort intensity were reduced, and the Strong Arm was preferred at the three transfer locations. Device ease and efficiency favored Strong Arm at two stations as was discomfort frequency. In addition, physical demand, frustration, and effort were significantly lower using Strong Arm compared with the Hoyer Advance. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the Hoyer, participants favored Strong Arm for transfer usability and task load demand. However, further Strong Arm developments are needed.
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Dicianno BE, Joseph J, Eckstein S, Zigler CK, Quinby E, Schmeler MR, Schein RM, Pearlman J, Cooper RA. The Voice of the Consumer: A Survey of Veterans and Other Users of Assistive Technology. Mil Med 2019; 183:e518-e525. [PMID: 29635318 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usy033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A total of 3.6 million Americans and over 250,000 veterans use wheelchairs. The need for advancements in mobility-assistive technologies is continually growing due to advances in medicine and rehabilitation that preserve and prolong the lives of people with disabilities, increases in the senior population, and increases in the number of veterans and civilians involved in conflict situations. The purpose of this study is to survey a large sample of veterans and other consumers with disabilities who use mobility-assistive technologies to identify priorities for future research and development. Materials and Methods This survey asked participants to provide opinions on the importance of developing various mobility-assistive technologies and to rank the importance of certain technologies. Participants were also asked to provide open-ended comments and suggestions. Results A total of 1,022 individuals, including 500 veterans, from 49 states within the USA and Puerto Rico completed the survey. The average age of respondents was 54.3 yr, and they represented both new and experienced users of mobility-assistive technologies. The largest diagnostic group was spinal cord injury (SCI) (N = 491, 48.0%). Several themes on critical areas of research emerged from the open-ended questions, which generated a total of 1,199 comments. Conclusion This survey revealed several themes for future research and development. Advanced wheelchair design, smart device applications, human-machine interfaces, and assistive robotics and intelligent systems emerged as priorities. Survey results also demonstrated the importance for researchers to understand the effects of policy and cost on translational research and to be involved in educating both consumers and providers.
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Múnera S, Pearlman J, Toro M, Worobey L, Boninger M, Cooper RA. Development and efficacy of an online wheelchair maintenance training program for wheelchair personnel. Assist Technol 2019; 33:49-55. [PMID: 31169455 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2019.1619632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop an online version of the wheelchair maintenance training program (WMTP) and compare learning outcomes from the in-person and online programs using the wheelchair maintenance training questionnaire (WMT-Q), administered before and after the intervention. DESIGN Iterative development of an online version of the WMTP and implementation. SETTING Online. PARTICIPANTS 26 graduate and undergraduate students. INTERVENTION Web-based training. These results are compared with those from another study of the in-person WMTP with 10 participants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Feedback survey and WMT-Q. RESULTS The training program was well-received and valued by all 26 participants. A significant increase in all scores after the online training program was found, based on pre-/post-intervention scores. In manual wheelchair open-ended questions, knowledge increased from 16% to 21%, p < .05; in power wheelchair open-ended questions, from 9% to 31%, p < .05; in multiple-choice questions related to knowledge, from 27% to 59%, p < .05; confidence increased from 8% to 80%, p < .05; and capacity from 12% to 88%, p < .05. There was no statistical difference in WMT-Q scores between individuals who participated in the in-person and online programs. CONCLUSION This study indicates that there was a similar-increased knowledge for participants, indicating that web-based training may be a viable approach for delivering maintenance training.
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Marino DJ, Rivera V, Joseph J, Williams R, Jeannis H, Goldberg M, Grindle GG, Kimmel J, Cooper RA. Accessible machining for people who use wheelchairs. Work 2019; 62:361-370. [PMID: 30829646 DOI: 10.3233/wor-192870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the Americans with Disabilities Act mandate for reasonable accommodations, wheelchair users are often placed in the role of observer and note-taker when learning machining and fabrication skills due to a lack of accessibility. The focus of this case study report is to identify and develop reasonable accommodations for wheelchair users in an academic machine shop environment to address accessibility limitations of original equipment manufacturer (OEM) machines. Individual wheelchair users working and learning within the Human Engineering Research Laboratories (HERL) were observed and interviewed about their experiences using the machine shop equipment without modifications, followed by further observations after accommodations were implemented.
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Besemann M, Hebert J, Thompson JM, Cooper RA, Gupta G, Brémault-Phillips S, Dentry SJ. Reflections on recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration of injured service members and veterans from a bio-psychosocial-spiritual
perspective. Can J Surg 2019; 61:S219-S231. [PMID: 30418009 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.015318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical interventions regarding trauma resuscitation have increased survivorship to levels not previously attained. Multiple examples from recent conflicts illustrate the potential return to high-level function of severely injured service members following medical and rehabilitative interventions. This review addresses the goals of rehabilitation, distills hard-won lessons of the last decade of military trauma and rehabilitation, and recommends the use of a bio-psychosocial-spiritual approach to care that can be applied at all tiers of the health care system. Questions on enabling participation in meaningful life activities include the following: Why do some patients do well and others do not? What elements contribute to positive outcomes? What factors relate to suboptimal results? Lessons learned revolve around the importance of considering the physical, psychosocial and spiritual aspects of a person’s well-being; empowering patients by fostering self-efficacy; and helping patients find meaning in life events and set high-level goals. A bio-psychosocial-spiritual model from the rehabilitation medicine literature — the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement — is proposed as a guide to the provision of person-centred care and the maximization of a person’s functioning posttrauma.
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