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Cheng XJ, Ihara S, Takekoshi M, Tachibana H. Entamoeba histolytica: bacterial expression of a human monoclonal antibody which inhibits in vitro adherence of trophozoites. Exp Parasitol 2000; 96:52-6. [PMID: 11038321 DOI: 10.1006/expr.2000.4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cheng XJ, Tachibana H. Molecular cloning and characterization of peroxiredoxin from Entamoeba moshkovskii. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:S65-6. [PMID: 11070226 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tachibana H, Cheng XJ, Kobayashi S, Fujita Y, Udono T. Entamoeba dispar, but not E. histolytica, detected in a colony of chimpanzees in Japan. Parasitol Res 2000; 86:537-41. [PMID: 10935902 DOI: 10.1007/s004360000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) residing in the Kumamoto Primate Research Park, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, were surveyed for the presence of intestinal parasites. Stool samples from 107 chimpanzees were examined by microscopy after formalin-ether sedimentation. Of these animals, 100 were infected with at least 1 species of ameba. The positivity rates recorded were as follows: Entamoeba coli, 88%; E. histolytica/E. dispar, 48%; E. hartmanni, 15%; Iodamoeba buetschlii, 8%; Endolimax nana, 4%; and Entamoeba chattoni, 2%. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to distinguish between E. histolytica and E. dispar was performed on these samples. E. dispar DNA was detected in 60 of 107 samples (56%), including 9 that had been microscopically determined to be negative for E. histolytica/ E. dispar. In contrast, no E. histolytica DNA was detected in the 107 samples. Zymodeme analysis indicated that 10 isolates were E. dispar. When 104 chimpanzees were examined serologically for E. histolytica infection, 1 sample was scored as positive by indirect hemagglutination and another was found to be positive by an indirect fluorescent antibody test. However, both specimens were borderline-positive and were clearly negative in other tests, suggesting that they might be false-positives. These results demonstrate that the pathogenic E. histolytica was absent in this colony, regardless of the high degree of prevalence of other amebas. For an accurate diagnosis, PCR analysis is recommended in addition to microscopic examination.
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Tachibana H, Cheng XJ. Entamoeba dispar: cloning and characterization of peroxiredoxin genes. Exp Parasitol 2000; 94:51-5. [PMID: 10631082 DOI: 10.1006/expr.1999.4461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Tachibana H, Cheng XJ, Watanabe K, Takekoshi M, Maeda F, Aotsuka S, Kaneda Y, Takeuchi T, Ihara S. Preparation of recombinant human monoclonal antibody Fab fragments specific for Entamoeba histolytica. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 1999; 6:383-7. [PMID: 10225840 PMCID: PMC103727 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.6.3.383-387.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Genes coding for human antibody Fab fragments specific for Entamoeba histolytica were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Lymphocytes were separated from the peripheral blood of a patient with an amebic liver abscess. Poly(A)+ RNA was isolated from the lymphocytes, and then genes coding for the light chain and Fd region of the heavy chain were amplified by a reverse transcriptase PCR. The amplified DNA fragments were ligated with a plasmid vector and were introduced into Escherichia coli. Three thousand colonies were screened for the production of antibodies to E. histolytica HM-1:IMSS by an indirect fluorescence-antibody (IFA) test. Lysates from five Escherichia coli clones were positive. Analysis of the DNA sequences of the five clones showed that three of the five heavy-chain sequences and four of the five light-chain sequences differed from each other. When the reactivities of the Escherichia coli lysates to nine reference strains of E. histolytica were examined by the IFA test, three Fab fragments with different DNA sequences were found to react with all nine strains and another Fab fragment was found to react with seven strains. None of the four human monoclonal antibody Fab fragments reacted with Entamoeba dispar reference strains or with other enteric protozoan parasites. These results indicate that the bacterial expression system reported here is effective for the production of human monoclonal antibodies specific for E. histolytica. The recombinant human monoclonal antibody Fab fragments may be applicable for distinguishing E. histolytica from E. dispar and for use in the serodiagnosis of amebiasis.
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Tachibana H, Takekoshi M, Cheng XJ, Maeda F, Aotsuka S, Ihara S. Bacterial expression of a neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody Fab fragment to a 150-kilodalton surface antigen of Entamoeba histolytica. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999; 60:35-40. [PMID: 9988319 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.1.9988319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) (EH3015, IgG1 with a K light chain) prepared by hybridoma technology recognizes a 150-kD surface antigen of Entamoeba histolytica and inhibits adherence and cytotoxicity of the ameba to mammalian cells. The genes encoding the light chain and the Fd region of the heavy chain of the MAb were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The plasmid used was designed for the expression of Fab with a hexa-histidine tag in the periplasmic space. Recombinant Fab fragments were purified and analyzed by an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test and Western immunoblot. The specificity of the recombinant Fab fragment was comparable with the parent whole IgG. In addition, the Fab fragments significantly inhibited the adherence of E. histolytica to erythrocytes. These results suggest that the production of a neutralizing MAb in Escherichia coli is practical and efficient with this expression system.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Protozoan/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Protozoan/chemistry
- Antibodies, Protozoan/genetics
- Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Adhesion/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Entamoeba histolytica/immunology
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
- Hybridomas
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/immunology
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/immunology
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Cheng XJ, Tachibana H, Kaneda Y. Protection of hamsters from amebic liver abscess formation by a monoclonal antibody to a 150-kDa surface lectin of Entamoeba histolytica. Parasitol Res 1999; 85:78-80. [PMID: 9950232 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of passive immunization with a monoclonal antibody (EH3015) that recognizes a 150-kDa surface lectin of Entamoeba histolytica on amebic liver-abscess formation in hamsters. The hamsters were inoculated i.p with 0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg of EH3015 at 24 h prior to an intrahepatic challenge with 10(5) trophozoites of E. histolytica. In hamsters treated with 1.0 and 10 mg of EH3015 the incidence of liver abscesses was significantly reduced. These results demonstrate that monoclonal antibody EH3015 can prevent the development of amebic liver abscesses and that the 150-kDa lectin may be a protective antigen on the surface of E. histolytica.
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Cheng XJ, Tsukamoto H, Kaneda Y, Tachibana H. Identification of the 150-kDa surface antigen of Entamoeba histolytica as a galactose- and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-inhibitable lectin. Parasitol Res 1998; 84:632-9. [PMID: 9747935 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A monoclonal antibody that reacts with a 150-kDa protein of Entamoeba histolytica on Western immunoblotting under nonreducing conditions inhibits the adherence and cytotoxicity of the ameba to mammalian cells in vitro. Affinity purification of solubilized trophozoites using the monoclonal antibody and electrophoresis yielded three glycoproteins with molecular masses of 150, 170, and 260 kDa, suggesting the existence of either a common epitope or the close association of these proteins. The 260-kDa fraction was identified as the well-known galactose (Gal)- and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc)-inhibitable lectin. The 150- and 170-kDa fractions seemed to exist as part of a 380-kDa native protein with an isoelectric point of pH 6.9. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 150-kDa protein was unique, indicating that the protein was not a degraded product of the 260-kDa lectin. By gel filtration, the 260-kDa lectin and the 150/170-kDa protein could be separated. When Chinese hamster ovary cells were pretreated with the fraction consisting of the 150/170-kDa protein the adherence of trophozoites to Chinese hamster ovary cells was competitively inhibited to a level equivalent to that observed for the 260-kDa lectin. The inhibitory effect was lost in the presence of Gal and GalNAc but was not influenced by the presence of glucose. These results demonstrate that the 150/170-kDa protein is a Gal/GalNAc-inhibitable lectin. The existence of a sugar-binding domain in the protein was confirmed by Gal-affinity chromatography.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylgalactosamine/pharmacology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Protozoan/chemistry
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Protozoan/pharmacology
- Antigens, Surface/analysis
- Antigens, Surface/chemistry
- Antigens, Surface/isolation & purification
- Blotting, Western
- CHO Cells
- Cell Adhesion
- Chromatography, Affinity
- Chromatography, Gel
- Cricetinae
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Entamoeba histolytica/immunology
- Entamoeba histolytica/physiology
- Galactose/pharmacology
- Lectins/chemistry
- Lectins/immunology
- Lectins/isolation & purification
- Lectins/pharmacology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry
- Molecular Weight
- Protozoan Proteins/analysis
- Protozoan Proteins/chemistry
- Protozoan Proteins/immunology
- Protozoan Proteins/isolation & purification
- Protozoan Proteins/pharmacology
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Cheng XJ, Höög JO, Nairn AC, Greengard P, Aperia A. Regulation of rat Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity by PKC is modulated by state of phosphorylation of Ser-943 by PKA. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 273:C1981-6. [PMID: 9435504 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.6.c1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the rat Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha 1-isoform is phosphorylated at Ser-943 by protein kinase A (PKA) and at Ser-23 by protein kinase C (PKC), which in both cases results in inhibition of enzyme activity. We now present evidence that suggests that the phosphorylation of Ser-943 by PKA modulates the response of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase to PKC. Rat Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha 1 or a mutant in which Ser-943 was changed to Ala-943 was stably expressed in COS cells. The inhibition of enzyme activity measured in response to treatment with the phorbol ester, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu; 10(-6) M), was significantly reduced in the cells expressing the Ala-943 mutant compared with that observed in cells expressing wild-type enzyme. In contrast, for cells expressing Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha 1 in which Ser-943 was mutated to Asp-943, the effect of PDBu was slightly enhanced. The PDBu-induced inhibition was not mediated by activation of the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate/PKA system and was not achieved via direct phosphorylation of Ser-943. Sp-5,6-DCI-cBIMPS, a specific PKA activator, increased the phosphorylation of Ser-943, and this was associated with an enhanced response to PDBu. Thus the effect of PKC on rat Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha 1 is determined not only by the activity of PKC but also by the state of phosphorylation of Ser-943.
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Cheng XJ, Fisone G, Aizman O, Aizman R, Levenson R, Greengard P, Aperia A. PKA-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in response to beta-adrenergic hormone. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 273:C893-901. [PMID: 9316410 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.3.c893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase can be regulated by hormones that activate adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Here, using a site-directed phosphorylation state-specific antibody, we show that hormonal regulation of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase can occur via phosphorylation of Ser-943 on its alpha-subunit. cDNAs coding for wild-type rat Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in which the PKA phosphorylation site Ser-943 was mutated to Ala were stably and transiently transfected into COS cells. In COS cells expressing wild-type Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (1 microM) significantly increased the level of phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit. Phosphorylation was accompanied by a significant inhibition of the enzyme activity, as reflected by a decrease in ATP hydrolysis and 86Rb+ transport. The effect of isoproterenol was reproduced by the PKA activator forskolin used in combination with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and was abolished by the specific PKA inhibitor H-89. Okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, enhanced phosphorylation and inhibition of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase induced by isoproterenol. The changes in activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase linearly correlated with the extent of the alpha-subunit of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase being phosphorylated. When Ser-943 was replaced by alanine, stimulation of the phosphorylation and inhibition of the activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase induced by isoproterenol, alone or in combination with okadaic acid, were not observed. These results indicate that, in intact cells, modulation of the activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase can be achieved by regulation of the state of phosphorylation of Ser-943. Moreover, they provide a biochemical mechanism by which beta-adrenergic agonists can regulate Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity.
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Nowicki S, Chen SL, Aizman O, Cheng XJ, Li D, Nowicki C, Nairn A, Greengard P, Aperia A. 20-Hydroxyeicosa-tetraenoic acid (20 HETE) activates protein kinase C. Role in regulation of rat renal Na+,K+-ATPase. J Clin Invest 1997; 99:1224-30. [PMID: 9077530 PMCID: PMC507936 DOI: 10.1172/jci119279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase can be inhibited by the arachidonic acid metabolite, 20-hydroxyeicosa-tetraenoic acid (20 HETE). Evidence is presented here that this effect is mediated by protein kinase C (PKC). PKC inhibitors abolished 20 HETE inhibition of rat Na+,K+-ATPase in renal tubular cells. 20 HETE caused translocation of PKC alpha from cytoplasm to membrane in COS cells. It also inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase activity in COS cells transfected with rat wild-type renal Na+,K+-ATPase alpha1 subunit, but not in cells transfected with Na+,K+-ATPase alpha1, where the PKC phosphorylation site, serine 23, had been mutated to alanine. PKC-induced phosphorylation of rat renal Na+,K+-ATPase, as well as of histone was strongly enhanced by 20 HETE at the physiologic calcium concentration of 1.3 microM, but not at the calcium concentration of 200 microM. The results indicate that phospholipase A2-arachidonic acid-20 HETE pathway can exert important biological effects via activation of PKC and that this effect may occur in the absence of a rise in intracellular calcium.
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Tachibana H, Kobayashi S, Cheng XJ, Hiwatashi E. Differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica from E. dispar facilitated by monoclonal antibodies against a 150-kDa surface antigen. Parasitol Res 1997; 83:435-9. [PMID: 9197389 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against an n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside-extracted fraction of trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica HM-1:IMSS. Four of the mAbs were reactive with a 150-kDa surface antigen characterized by Western-immunoblot analysis under nonreducing conditions. When the reactivity of the four mAbs with nine reference strains of E. histolytica was examined by an indirect fluorescence antibody test, two of the mAbs (EH3015 and EH3023) were found to react with all nine strains and the other two mAbs (EH3056 and EH3126) reacted with seven strains. The four mAbs did not react with any E. dispar reference strain or with other enteric protozoan parasites. The reactivity of EH3015 and EH3023 with numerous isolates of E. histolytica and E. dispar collected in our laboratories was also examined. The 2 mAbs reacted with all of the 37 E. histolytica isolates tested but did not react with any of the 33 isolates of E. dispar. These results indicate that common antigenic epitopes of E. histolytica are on the 150-kDa surface molecule and that mAbs can distinguish between E. histolytica and E. dispar.
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Aperia A, Fryckstedt J, Holtbäck U, Belusa R, Cheng XJ, Eklöf AC, Li D, Wang ZM, Ohtomo Y. Cellular mechanisms for bi-directional regulation of tubular sodium reabsorption. Kidney Int 1996; 49:1743-7. [PMID: 8743489 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1996.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of sodium excretion are incompletely known. Here we propose a general model for a bi-directional control of tubular sodium transporters by natriuretic and antinatriuretic factors. The model is based on experimental data from studies on the regulation of the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase, the enzyme that provides the electrochemical gradient necessary for tubular reabsorption of electrolytes and solutes in all tubular segments. Regulation is carried out to a large extent by autocrine and paracrine factors. Of particular interest are the two catecholamines, dopamine and norepinephrine. Dopamine is produced in proximal tubular cells and inhibits Na+,K+-ATPase activity in several tubule segments. Renal dopamine availability is regulated by the degrading enzyme, catechol-O-methyl transferase. Renal sympathetic nerve endings contain norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Activation of alpha-adrenergic receptors increase and activation of beta-adrenergic receptors decrease Na+,K+-ATPase activity. alpha-Adrenergic stimulation increases the Na+ affinity of the enzyme and thereby the driving force for transcellular Na+ transport. NPY acts as a master hormone by synergizing the alpha- and antagonizing the beta-adrenergic effects. Dopamine and norepinephrine control Na+,K+-ATPase activity by exerting opposing forces on a common intracellular signaling system of second messengers, protein kinases and protein phosphatases, ultimately determining the phosphorylation state of Na+,K+-ATPase and thereby its activity. Important crossroads in this network are localized and functionally defined. Phosphorylation sites for protein kinase A and C have been identified and their functional significance has been verified.
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Cheng XJ, Jin W, Huang XQ. [Quantitative measurement of mental symptoms in breast patients after mastectomy]. ZHONGHUA HU LI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF NURSING 1995; 30:486-7. [PMID: 8631117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Chan CT, Clayton-Smith J, Cheng XJ, Buxton J, Webb T, Pembrey ME, Malcolm S. Molecular mechanisms in Angelman syndrome: a survey of 93 patients. J Med Genet 1993; 30:895-902. [PMID: 7905534 PMCID: PMC1016595 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.11.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) results from a lack of maternal contribution from chromosome 15q11-13, arising from de novo deletion in most cases or rarely from uniparental disomy. These families are associated with a low recurrence risk. However, in a minority of families, more than one child is affected. No deletion has been found in these families, except one. The mode of inheritance in these families is autosomal dominant modified by imprinting. Sporadic cases, with no observable deletion, therefore pose a counselling dilemma as there could be a recurrence risk as high as 50%. We present a series of 93 AS patients, showing the relative contribution of these different genetic mechanisms. Eighty-one AS patients were sporadic cases while 12 cases came from six families. Sixty cases had deletions in 15q11-13 detected by a set of highly polymorphic (CA)n repeats markers and conventional RFLPs. Ten sporadic cases plus all 12 familial cases had no detectable deletion. In addition, two cases of de novo deletions occurred in a chromosome 15 carrying a pericentric inversion. In one of these the AS child had a cousin with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) arising from a de novo deletion in an inv(15) inherited from his father. One case arose from a maternal balanced t(9;15)(p24;q15) translocation. There were three cases of uniparental disomy. Five patients were monoallelic for all loci across the minimal AS critical region, but the presence of a deletion cannot be confirmed. In familial cases, all affected sibs inherited the same maternal chromosome 15 markers for the region 15q11-13. Two cases were observed with a de novo deletion starting close to the locus D15S11 (IR4-2R), providing evidence for the development of classical AS with smaller deletions. Cytogenetic analysis proved limited in its ability to detect deletions, detecting only 42 out of 60 cases. However, cytogenetic analysis is still essential to detect chromosomal abnormalities other than deletions such as inversions and balanced translocations since both have an increased risk for deletions. A staged diagnostic strategy based on the use of highly informative (CA)n repeat markers is proposed.
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Luo YM, Cheng XJ, Yuan WX. Effects of ginseng root saponins and ginsenoside Rb1 on immunity in cold water swim stress mice and rats. ZHONGGUO YAO LI XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 1993; 14:401-4. [PMID: 8010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of splenic lymphocytes, the humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells, and the phagocytotic function of intraperitoneal macrophages were all suppressed by cold water (4 degrees C) swim stress (CWSS) for 5 min in rats and for 3 min in mice. Meanwhile, the levels of serum corticosterone increased. Ginseng root saponins 100 mg.kg-1 or ginsenoside Rb1 10 mg.kg-1 ip or ig completely antagonized the immunosuppression induced by CWSS, and inhibited the increase of serum corticosterone in CWSS rats, but increased the level of serum corticosterone further in CWSS mice.
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Cheng XJ, Di L, Wu Y, Zhao QC, Du GZ, Liu YQ. [Studies on the hypoglycemic effect of Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor. polysaccharides]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1993; 18:557-9, 575. [PMID: 8011113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Rhodiola sachalinensis polysaccharides (RSP) isolated from the root of Rhodiola sachalinensis was demonstrated to decrease the levels of blood sugar, liver glycogen and total blood lipid when injected peritoneally to mice at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg once or for 7 successive days. In addition, RSP was found to decrease blood sugar and total blood lipid in various experimental hyperglycemias induced by injection of adrenaline, glucose and alloxan in mice. RSP exhibit inhibiting effect on the glycogen enhancement induced by glucose as well as strenghtening effect on the glycogen decomposition induced by adrenaline and alloxan.
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Cheng XJ, Tachibana H, Kobayashi S, Kaneda Y, Huang MY. Pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica isolates from Shanghai, China. Parasitol Res 1993; 79:608-10. [PMID: 8278345 DOI: 10.1007/bf00932247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Clayton-Smith J, Webb T, Cheng XJ, Pembrey ME, Malcolm S. Duplication of chromosome 15 in the region 15q11-13 in a patient with developmental delay and ataxia with similarities to Angelman syndrome. J Med Genet 1993; 30:529-31. [PMID: 8326502 PMCID: PMC1016435 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.6.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Duplications of the proximal long arm of chromosome 15 have been seen in the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), and in subjects without the Prader-Willi phenotype but with other clinical features including short stature, diabetes, anal and jejunal atresia, and acanthosis nigricans. The non-PWS subjects all had different phenotypes despite the identical findings on cytogenetic analysis. A normal phenotype has also been observed in patients with similar duplications. We report a further patient with a duplication of 15q11-13 which was detected cytogenetically and confirmed on molecular genetic analysis. She has developmental delay, particularly concerning the acquisition of speech, and an ataxic gait. These are interesting clinical features in view of the association of Angelman syndrome with abnormalities of 15q11-13.
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Webb T, Clayton-Smith J, Cheng XJ, Knoll JH, Lalande M, Pembrey ME, Malcolm S. Angelman syndrome with a chromosomal inversion 15 inv(p11q13) accompanied by a deletion in 15q11q13. J Med Genet 1993; 29:921-4. [PMID: 1362225 PMCID: PMC1016215 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.12.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A family is described in which an inversion of chromosome 15, 15 inv(p11q13), is segregating. All family members are healthy except the proband who is a 10 year old boy with Angelman syndrome. Although the chromosomal inversion has been passed from the grandfather to both his son and his daughter with no ill effect, passage from daughter to grandson has resulted in a deletion of chromosome 15 material which is presumed to be the cause of Angelman syndrome in this boy. The probabilities of an inversion of this type being instrumental in causing the syndrome are discussed.
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Cheng XJ, Huang MY, Mirelman D. Effect of hamster liver passage on the isoenzyme patterns of Entamoeba histolytica. Chin Med J (Engl) 1992; 105:918-22. [PMID: 1304461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of hamster liver passage on the isoenzyme patterns of isolates of Entamoeba histolytica was investigated. Three isolates, F, G and T were originally obtained from patients with acute amebic dysentery and another strain, C, was obtained from an asymptomatic carrier. All these strains were maintained for over two years in axenic culture. The isoenzyme pattern (zymodeme) of hexokinase (HK), phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and glucose phosphoisomerase (GPI) of these strains was found to belong to non-pathogenic group X, but the isoenzyme pattern of GPI resembled less pathogenic zymodeme XX and might be an intermediate type. Following inoculation of trophozoites into hamster livers and recovery after abscess formation, their isoenzyme pattern changed and revealed that they belonged to pathogenic type XIV. Liver passage caused an enhancement in amebic virulence as evidenced by their increased ability to destroy leukocytes. The results indicate that isoenzyme pattern is not a stable property of E. histolytica.
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Clayton-Smith J, Webb T, Robb SA, Dijkstra I, Willems P, Lam S, Cheng XJ, Pembrey ME, Malcolm S. Further evidence for dominant inheritance at the chromosome 15q11-13 locus in familial angelman syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992; 44:256-60. [PMID: 1360768 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320440236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Eleven patients with Angelman syndrome (AS) and their parents from 5 families have been studied with high resolution chromosome analysis and molecular probes from region 15q11-13 in an attempt to elucidate the mode of inheritance in familial AS. No deletions were detected. All families were informative with a combination of different short arm cytogenetic markers. All sets of sibs inherited the same maternal chromosome 15, but in 3 families sibs inherited different paternal 15s. Analysis of 6 polymorphic DNA markers supported the conclusion that AS sibs inherit the same maternal 15, but often different paternal 15s. These data make autosomal recessive inheritance at a 15q11-13 locus very unlikely and support the hypothesis that familial AS is due to maternal transmission of a mutation within 15q11-13.
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Cheng XJ, Wang YQ. Study on immunopathogenesis of minimal change nephropathy. Effects of mitogens activated lymphocytes on glomerular polyanions in vitro. Chin Med J (Engl) 1989; 102:524-8. [PMID: 2517068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rat spleen lymphocytes (RSL) stimulated by mitogens in vitro were cultured on cryostat sections of rat kidney. After 36 hours glomerular polyanions (GPA) were stained with colloidal iron (CI). The results showed that the RSL stimulated with Con A were able to reduce GPA stainability as that treated with neuraminidase solution, and the effect was dose-dependent on Con A, whereas the supernatant of lymphocytes induced with Con A and the lymphocytes induced with PHA were not able to reduce GPA stainability. The result is in favor of the recent concept that the pathogenesis of MCN is associated with the loss of GPA which results from the dysfunction of the subpopulation of T lymphocytes.
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Hu LS, Sun Y, Cheng XJ, Zhao SX. Acceleration of fracture healing by a series of Hu's traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, sanqihuoxuewan, jiegudan and zhuangjinxugudan. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1988; 8:243-6. [PMID: 3246883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Cheng XJ, Wang YQ. [Effects of mitogen-activated lymphocytes on glomerular polyanion (GPA) in rats]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 1988; 68:691-2, 48. [PMID: 3248251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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