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Tripathi VB, Baskaran P, Shaw CE, Guthrie S. Tar DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) regulates axon growth in vitro and in vivo. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 65:25-34. [PMID: 24423647 PMCID: PMC3988849 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular inclusions of the TAR-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) have been reported in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD-TDP). Rare mutations in TARDBP have been linked to both ALS and FTD-TDP suggesting that TDP-43 dysfunction is mechanistic in causing disease. TDP-43 is a predominantly nuclear protein with roles in regulating RNA transcription, splicing, stability and transport. In ALS, TDP-43 aberrantly accumulates in the cytoplasm of motor neurons where it forms aggregates. However it has until recently been unclear whether the toxic effects of TDP-43 involve recruitment to motor axons, and what effects this might have on axonal growth and integrity. Here we use chick embryonic motor neurons, in vivo and in vitro, to model the acute effects of TDP-43. We show that wild-type and two TDP-43 mutant proteins cause toxicity in chick embryonic motor neurons in vivo. Moreover, TDP-43 is increasingly mislocalised to axons over time in vivo, axon growth to peripheral targets is truncated, and expression of neurofilament-associated antigen is reduced relative to control motor neurons. In primary spinal motor neurons in vitro, a progressive translocation of TDP-43 to the cytoplasm occurs over time, similar to that observed in vivo. This coincides with the appearance of cytoplasmic aggregates, a reduction in the axonal length, and cellular toxicity, which was most striking for neurons expressing TDP-43 mutant forms. These observations suggest that the capacity of spinal motor neurons to produce and maintain an axon is compromised by dysregulation of TDP-43 and that the disruption of cytoskeletal integrity may play a role in the pathogenesis of ALS and FTD-TDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Bhasker Tripathi
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College, 4th Floor New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK; Kings College Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Pranetha Baskaran
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College, 4th Floor New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Kings College Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sarah Guthrie
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College, 4th Floor New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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102
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Akimoto C, Volk AE, van Blitterswijk M, Van den Broeck M, Leblond CS, Lumbroso S, Camu W, Neitzel B, Onodera O, van Rheenen W, Pinto S, Weber M, Smith B, Proven M, Talbot K, Keagle P, Chesi A, Ratti A, van der Zee J, Alstermark H, Birve A, Calini D, Nordin A, Tradowsky DC, Just W, Daoud H, Angerbauer S, DeJesus-Hernandez M, Konno T, Lloyd-Jani A, de Carvalho M, Mouzat K, Landers JE, Veldink JH, Silani V, Gitler AD, Shaw CE, Rouleau GA, van den Berg LH, Van Broeckhoven C, Rademakers R, Andersen PM, Kubisch C. A blinded international study on the reliability of genetic testing for GGGGCC-repeat expansions in C9orf72 reveals marked differences in results among 14 laboratories. J Med Genet 2014; 51:419-24. [PMID: 24706941 PMCID: PMC4033024 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The GGGGCC-repeat expansion in C9orf72 is the most frequent mutation found in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Most of the studies on C9orf72 have relied on repeat-primed PCR (RP-PCR) methods for detection of the expansions. To investigate the inherent limitations of this technique, we compared methods and results of 14 laboratories. Methods The 14 laboratories genotyped DNA from 78 individuals (diagnosed with ALS or FTD) in a blinded fashion. Eleven laboratories used a combination of amplicon-length analysis and RP-PCR, whereas three laboratories used RP-PCR alone; Southern blotting techniques were used as a reference. Results Using PCR-based techniques, 5 of the 14 laboratories got results in full accordance with the Southern blotting results. Only 50 of the 78 DNA samples got the same genotype result in all 14 laboratories. There was a high degree of false positive and false negative results, and at least one sample could not be genotyped at all in 9 of the 14 laboratories. The mean sensitivity of a combination of amplicon-length analysis and RP-PCR was 95.0% (73.9–100%), and the mean specificity was 98.0% (87.5–100%). Overall, a sensitivity and specificity of more than 95% was observed in only seven laboratories. Conclusions Because of the wide range seen in genotyping results, we recommend using a combination of amplicon-length analysis and RP-PCR as a minimum in a research setting. We propose that Southern blotting techniques should be the gold standard, and be made obligatory in a clinical diagnostic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuru Akimoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Marleen Van den Broeck
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, University of Antwerp-CDE, Antwerp, Belgium Diagnostic Service Facility, Laboratory of neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claire S Leblond
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Lumbroso
- Department of Biochemistry, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes Cedex 9, France
| | - William Camu
- Center SLA, Montpellier University Hospital, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Osamu Onodera
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susana Pinto
- Faculty of Medicine-University of Lisbon, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Alameda Universidade, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Markus Weber
- Department of neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen and University Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bradley Smith
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Melanie Proven
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, England
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Pamela Keagle
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Universtà degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, , Milan, Italy
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, University of Antwerp-CDE, Antwerp, Belgium Diagnostic Service Facility, Laboratory of neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Helena Alstermark
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Birve
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniela Calini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Universtà degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, , Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Nordin
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Walter Just
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hussein Daoud
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Takuya Konno
- Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Anjali Lloyd-Jani
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, England
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine-University of Lisbon, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Alameda Universidade, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Kevin Mouzat
- Department of Biochemistry, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes Cedex 9, France
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Universtà degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, , Milan, Italy
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, University of Antwerp-CDE, Antwerp, Belgium Diagnostic Service Facility, Laboratory of neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, University of Antwerp-CDE, Antwerp, Belgium Diagnostic Service Facility, Laboratory of neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Nimes University Hospital, Nimes Cedex 9, France Center SLA, Montpellier University Hospital, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier Cedex 5, France Medizinisch Genetisches Zentrum, München, Germany Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Faculty of Medicine-University of Lisbon, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Alameda Universidade, Lisbon, Portugal Department of neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen and University Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London and King's Health Partners, London, UK Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, England Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe hospital, Oxford, UK Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Universtà degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, , Milan, Italy Department of Neurology, University of Ulm
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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103
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Nishimura AL, Shum C, Scotter EL, Abdelgany A, Sardone V, Wright J, Lee YB, Chen HJ, Bilican B, Carrasco M, Maniatis T, Chandran S, Rogelj B, Gallo JM, Shaw CE. Allele-specific knockdown of ALS-associated mutant TDP-43 in neural stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91269. [PMID: 24651281 PMCID: PMC3961241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 is found in cytoplasmic inclusions in 95% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 60% of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Approximately 4% of familial ALS is caused by mutations in TDP-43. The majority of these mutations are found in the glycine-rich domain, including the variant M337V, which is one of the most common mutations in TDP-43. In order to investigate the use of allele-specific RNA interference (RNAi) as a potential therapeutic tool, we designed and screened a set of siRNAs that specifically target TDP-43(M337V) mutation. Two siRNA specifically silenced the M337V mutation in HEK293T cells transfected with GFP-TDP-43(wt) or GFP-TDP-43(M337V) or TDP-43 C-terminal fragments counterparts. C-terminal TDP-43 transfected cells show an increase of cytosolic inclusions, which are decreased after allele-specific siRNA in M337V cells. We then investigated the effects of one of these allele-specific siRNAs in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from an ALS patient carrying the M337V mutation. These lines showed a two-fold increase in cytosolic TDP-43 compared to the control. Following transfection with the allele-specific siRNA, cytosolic TDP-43 was reduced by 30% compared to cells transfected with a scrambled siRNA. We conclude that RNA interference can be used to selectively target the TDP-43(M337V) allele in mammalian and patient cells, thus demonstrating the potential for using RNA interference as a therapeutic tool for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes L. Nishimura
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carole Shum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L. Scotter
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amr Abdelgany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Sardone
- Department of Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jamie Wright
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Youn-Bok Lee
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Han-Jou Chen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bilada Bilican
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Neurodegeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Carrasco
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tom Maniatis
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Neurodegeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jean-Marc Gallo
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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104
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Scotter EL, Vance C, Nishimura AL, Lee YB, Chen HJ, Urwin H, Sardone V, Mitchell JC, Rogelj B, Rubinsztein DC, Shaw CE. Differential roles of the ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy in the clearance of soluble and aggregated TDP-43 species. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1263-78. [PMID: 24424030 PMCID: PMC3953816 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.140087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43, also known as TARDBP) is the major pathological protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Large TDP-43 aggregates that are decorated with degradation adaptor proteins are seen in the cytoplasm of remaining neurons in ALS and FTD patients post mortem. TDP-43 accumulation and ALS-linked mutations within degradation pathways implicate failed TDP-43 clearance as a primary disease mechanism. Here, we report the differing roles of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy in the clearance of TDP-43. We have investigated the effects of inhibitors of the UPS and autophagy on the degradation, localisation and mobility of soluble and insoluble TDP-43. We find that soluble TDP-43 is degraded primarily by the UPS, whereas the clearance of aggregated TDP-43 requires autophagy. Cellular macroaggregates, which recapitulate many of the pathological features of the aggregates in patients, are reversible when both the UPS and autophagy are functional. Their clearance involves the autophagic removal of oligomeric TDP-43. We speculate that, in addition to an age-related decline in pathway activity, a second hit in either the UPS or the autophagy pathway drives the accumulation of TDP-43 in ALS and FTD. Therapies for clearing excess TDP-43 should therefore target a combination of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Scotter
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Caroline Vance
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Agnes L. Nishimura
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Youn-Bok Lee
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Han-Jou Chen
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Hazel Urwin
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Valentina Sardone
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jacqueline C. Mitchell
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David C. Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 1 Windsor Walk, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
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105
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Savage AL, Wilm TP, Khursheed K, Shatunov A, Morrison KE, Shaw PJ, Shaw CE, Smith B, Breen G, Al-Chalabi A, Moss D, Bubb VJ, Quinn JP. An evaluation of a SVA retrotransposon in the FUS promoter as a transcriptional regulator and its association to ALS. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90833. [PMID: 24608899 PMCID: PMC3946630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations of FUS have been linked to many diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. A primate specific and polymorphic retrotransposon of the SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA) family is present upstream of the FUS gene. Here we have demonstrated that this retrotransposon can act as a classical transcriptional regulatory domain in the context of a reporter gene construct both in vitro in the human SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cell line and in vivo in a chick embryo model. We have also demonstrated that the SVA is composed of multiple distinct regulatory domains, one of which is a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR). The ability of the SVA and its component parts to direct reporter gene expression supported a hypothesis that this region could direct differential FUS expression in vivo. The SVA may therefore contribute to the modulation of FUS expression exhibited in and associated with neurological disorders including ALS where FUS regulation may be an important parameter in progression of the disease. As VNTRs are often clinical associates for disease progression we determined the extent of polymorphism within the SVA. In total 2 variants of the SVA were identified based within a central VNTR. Preliminary analysis addressed the association of these SVA variants within a small sporadic ALS cohort but did not reach statistical significance, although we did not include other parameters such as SNPs within the SVA or an environmental factor in this analysis. The latter may be particularly important as the transcriptional and epigenetic properties of the SVA are likely to be directed by the environment of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L. Savage
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas P. Wilm
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kejhal Khursheed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E. Morrison
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and Neurosciences Division, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley Smith
- Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerome Breen
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research, Centre for Mental Health, South London, United Kingdom; and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Moss
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vivien J. Bubb
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Quinn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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106
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Stepto A, Gallo JM, Shaw CE, Hirth F. Modelling C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:377-89. [PMID: 24366528 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
GGGGCC (G4C2) hexanucleotide repeat expansion in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) has been identified as the most common genetic abnormality in both frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To investigate the role of C9ORF72-related G4C2 repeat expansion in ALS and FTLD, several animal and cell culture models have been generated that reveal initial insights into the disease pathogenesis of C9 ALS/FTLD. These models include neurons differentiated from patient-derived pluripotent stem cells as well as genetically engineered cells and organisms that knock down C9ORF72 orthologues or express G4C2 repeats. Targeted reduction or knockdown of C9ORF72 homologues in zebrafish and mice so far produced conflicting results which neither rule out, nor confirm reduced expression of C9ORF72 as a pathogenic mechanism in C9 ALS/FTLD. In contrast, studies using patient-derived cells, as well as Drosophila and zebrafish models overexpressing disease-related hexanucleotide expansions, can cause repeat length-dependent formation of RNA foci, which directly and progressively correlate with cellular toxicity. RNA foci formation is accompanied by sequestration of specific RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including Pur-alpha, hnRNPH and ADARB2, suggesting that G4C2-mediated sequestration and functional depletion of RBPs are cytotoxic and thus directly contribute to disease. Moreover, these studies provide experimental evidence that repeat-associated non-ATG translation of repeat-containing sense and antisense RNA leads to dipeptide-repeat proteins (DPRs) that can accumulate and aggregate, indicating that accumulation of DPRs may represent another pathogenic pathway underlying C9 ALS/FTLD. These studies in cell and animal models therefore identify RNA toxicity, RBP sequestration and accumulation of DPRs as emerging pathogenic pathways underlying C9 ALS/FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Stepto
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, PO Box 37, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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107
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Alami NH, Smith RB, Carrasco MA, Williams LA, Winborn CS, Han SSW, Kiskinis E, Winborn B, Freibaum BD, Kanagaraj A, Clare AJ, Badders NM, Bilican B, Chaum E, Chandran S, Shaw CE, Eggan KC, Maniatis T, Taylor JP. Axonal transport of TDP-43 mRNA granules is impaired by ALS-causing mutations. Neuron 2014; 81:536-543. [PMID: 24507191 PMCID: PMC3939050 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein TDP-43 regulates RNA metabolism at multiple levels, including transcription, RNA splicing, and mRNA stability. TDP-43 is a major component of the cytoplasmic inclusions characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and some types of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The importance of TDP-43 in disease is underscored by the fact that dominant missense mutations are sufficient to cause disease, although the role of TDP-43 in pathogenesis is unknown. Here we show that TDP-43 forms cytoplasmic mRNP granules that undergo bidirectional, microtubule-dependent transport in neurons in vitro and in vivo and facilitate delivery of target mRNA to distal neuronal compartments. TDP-43 mutations impair this mRNA transport function in vivo and in vitro, including in stem cell-derived motor neurons from ALS patients bearing any one of three different TDP-43 ALS-causing mutations. Thus, TDP-43 mutations that cause ALS lead to partial loss of a novel cytoplasmic function of TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nael H. Alami
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude
Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Rebecca B. Smith
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude
Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Monica A. Carrasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics,
Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Luis A. Williams
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Christina S. Winborn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health
Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Steve S. W. Han
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Evangelos Kiskinis
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Brett Winborn
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude
Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Brian D. Freibaum
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude
Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Anderson Kanagaraj
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude
Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Alison J. Clare
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude
Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Nisha M. Badders
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude
Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Bilada Bilican
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research,
Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Centre for
Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Edward Chaum
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health
Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research,
Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Centre for
Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Departments of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurodegeneration
and Brain Injury, King's College London and King's Health Partners, MRC Centre for
Neurodegeneration Research, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Kevin C. Eggan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Tom Maniatis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics,
Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - J. Paul Taylor
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude
Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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108
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Bilican B, Serio A, Barmada SJ, Nishimura AL, Sullivan GJ, Carrasco M, Phatnani HP, Puddifoot CA, Story D, Fletcher J, Park IH, Friedman BA, Daley GQ, Wyllie DJA, Hardingham GE, Wilmut I, Finkbeiner S, Maniatis T, Shaw CE, Chandran S. Comment on "Drug screening for ALS using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells". Sci Transl Med 2014; 5:188le2. [PMID: 23740897 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Egawa et al. recently showed the value of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for modeling amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in vitro. Their study and our work highlight the need for complementary assays to detect small, but potentially important, phenotypic differences between control iPSC lines and those carrying disease mutations.
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109
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Lee YB, Chen HJ, Peres JN, Gomez-Deza J, Attig J, Stalekar M, Troakes C, Nishimura AL, Scotter EL, Vance C, Adachi Y, Sardone V, Miller JW, Smith BN, Gallo JM, Ule J, Hirth F, Rogelj B, Houart C, Shaw CE. Hexanucleotide repeats in ALS/FTD form length-dependent RNA foci, sequester RNA binding proteins, and are neurotoxic. Cell Rep 2013; 5:1178-86. [PMID: 24290757 PMCID: PMC3898469 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The GGGGCC (G4C2) intronic repeat expansion within C9ORF72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Intranuclear neuronal RNA foci have been observed in ALS and FTD tissues, suggesting that G4C2 RNA may be toxic. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of 38× and 72× G4C2 repeats form intranuclear RNA foci that initiate apoptotic cell death in neuronal cell lines and zebrafish embryos. The foci colocalize with a subset of RNA binding proteins, including SF2, SC35, and hnRNP-H in transfected cells. Only hnRNP-H binds directly to G4C2 repeats following RNA immunoprecipitation, and only hnRNP-H colocalizes with 70% of G4C2 RNA foci detected in C9ORF72 mutant ALS and FTD brain tissues. We show that expanded G4C2 repeats are potently neurotoxic and bind hnRNP-H and other RNA binding proteins. We propose that RNA toxicity and protein sequestration may disrupt RNA processing and contribute to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Bok Lee
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Han-Jou Chen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - João N Peres
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jorge Gomez-Deza
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jan Attig
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Maja Stalekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Agnes L Nishimura
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Emma L Scotter
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Caroline Vance
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Yoshitsugu Adachi
- Department of Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Valentina Sardone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK; Department of Public Health, Neuroscience, Experimental, and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jack W Miller
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Bradley N Smith
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Gallo
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jernej Ule
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Frank Hirth
- Department of Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Corinne Houart
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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110
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Fogh I, Ratti A, Gellera C, Lin K, Tiloca C, Moskvina V, Corrado L, Sorarù G, Cereda C, Corti S, Gentilini D, Calini D, Castellotti B, Mazzini L, Querin G, Gagliardi S, Del Bo R, Conforti FL, Siciliano G, Inghilleri M, Saccà F, Bongioanni P, Penco S, Corbo M, Sorbi S, Filosto M, Ferlini A, Di Blasio AM, Signorini S, Shatunov A, Jones A, Shaw PJ, Morrison KE, Farmer AE, Van Damme P, Robberecht W, Chiò A, Traynor BJ, Sendtner M, Melki J, Meininger V, Hardiman O, Andersen PM, Leigh NP, Glass JD, Overste D, Diekstra FP, Veldink JH, van Es MA, Shaw CE, Weale ME, Lewis CM, Williams J, Brown RH, Landers JE, Ticozzi N, Ceroni M, Pegoraro E, Comi GP, D'Alfonso S, van den Berg LH, Taroni F, Al-Chalabi A, Powell J, Silani V. A genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies a novel locus at 17q11.2 associated with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:2220-31. [PMID: 24256812 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of mutations at familial loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has provided novel insights into the aetiology of this rapidly progressing fatal neurodegenerative disease. However, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the more common (∼90%) sporadic form have been less successful with the exception of the replicated locus at 9p21.2. To identify new loci associated with disease susceptibility, we have established the largest association study in ALS to date and undertaken a GWAS meta-analytical study combining 3959 newly genotyped Italian individuals (1982 cases and 1977 controls) collected by SLAGEN (Italian Consortium for the Genetics of ALS) together with samples from Netherlands, USA, UK, Sweden, Belgium, France, Ireland and Italy collected by ALSGEN (the International Consortium on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genetics). We analysed a total of 13 225 individuals, 6100 cases and 7125 controls for almost 7 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We identified a novel locus with genome-wide significance at 17q11.2 (rs34517613 with P = 1.11 × 10(-8); OR 0.82) that was validated when combined with genotype data from a replication cohort (P = 8.62 × 10(-9); OR 0.833) of 4656 individuals. Furthermore, we confirmed the previously reported association at 9p21.2 (rs3849943 with P = 7.69 × 10(-9); OR 1.16). Finally, we estimated the contribution of common variation to heritability of sporadic ALS as ∼12% using a linear mixed model accounting for all SNPs. Our results provide an insight into the genetic structure of sporadic ALS, confirming that common variation contributes to risk and that sufficiently powered studies can identify novel susceptibility loci.
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111
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Goris A, van Setten J, Diekstra F, Ripke S, Patsopoulos NA, Sawcer SJ, van Es M, Andersen PM, Melki J, Meininger V, Hardiman O, Landers JE, Brown RH, Shatunov A, Leigh N, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE, Traynor BJ, Chiò A, Restagno G, Mora G, Ophoff RA, Oksenberg JR, Van Damme P, Compston A, Robberecht W, Dubois B, van den Berg LH, De Jager PL, Veldink JH, de Bakker PIW. No evidence for shared genetic basis of common variants in multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:1916-22. [PMID: 24234648 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have been successful in identifying common variants that influence the susceptibility to complex diseases. From these studies, it has emerged that there is substantial overlap in susceptibility loci between diseases. In line with those findings, we hypothesized that shared genetic pathways may exist between multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). While both diseases may have inflammatory and neurodegenerative features, epidemiological studies have indicated an increased co-occurrence within individuals and families. To this purpose, we combined genome-wide data from 4088 MS patients, 3762 ALS patients and 12 030 healthy control individuals in whom 5 440 446 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were successfully genotyped or imputed. We tested these SNPs for the excess association shared between MS and ALS and also explored whether polygenic models of SNPs below genome-wide significance could explain some of the observed trait variance between diseases. Genome-wide association meta-analysis of SNPs as well as polygenic analyses fails to provide evidence in favor of an overlap in genetic susceptibility between MS and ALS. Hence, our findings do not support a shared genetic background of common risk variants in MS and ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Goris
- Laboratory for Neuroimmunology, Experimental Neurology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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112
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Zhang Z, Almeida S, Lu Y, Nishimura AL, Peng L, Sun D, Wu B, Karydas AM, Tartaglia MC, Fong JC, Miller BL, Farese RV, Moore MJ, Shaw CE, Gao FB. Downregulation of microRNA-9 in iPSC-derived neurons of FTD/ALS patients with TDP-43 mutations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76055. [PMID: 24143176 PMCID: PMC3797144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a major pathological protein in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). There are many disease-associated mutations in TDP-43, and several cellular and animal models with ectopic overexpression of mutant TDP-43 have been established. Here we sought to study altered molecular events in FTD and ALS by using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived patient neurons. We generated multiple iPSC lines from an FTD/ALS patient with the TARDBP A90V mutation and from an unaffected family member who lacked the mutation. After extensive characterization, two to three iPSC lines from each subject were selected, differentiated into postmitotic neurons, and screened for relevant cell-autonomous phenotypes. Patient-derived neurons were more sensitive than control neurons to 100 nM straurosporine but not to other inducers of cellular stress. Three disease-relevant cellular phenotypes were revealed under staurosporine-induced stress. First, TDP-43 was localized in the cytoplasm of a higher percentage of patient neurons than control neurons. Second, the total TDP-43 level was lower in patient neurons with the A90V mutation. Third, the levels of microRNA-9 (miR-9) and its precursor pri-miR-9-2 decreased in patient neurons but not in control neurons. The latter is likely because of reduced TDP-43, as shRNA-mediated TDP-43 knockdown in rodent primary neurons also decreased the pri-miR-9-2 level. The reduction in miR-9 expression was confirmed in human neurons derived from iPSC lines containing the more pathogenic TARDBP M337V mutation, suggesting miR-9 downregulation might be a common pathogenic event in FTD/ALS. These results show that iPSC models of FTD/ALS are useful for revealing stress-dependent cellular defects of human patient neurons containing rare TDP-43 mutations in their native genetic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sandra Almeida
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yubing Lu
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Agnes L. Nishimura
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lingtao Peng
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Danqiong Sun
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bei Wu
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna M. Karydas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Maria C. Tartaglia
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jamie C. Fong
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce L. Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert V. Farese
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Melissa J. Moore
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fen-Biao Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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113
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Jones AR, Woollacott I, Shatunov A, Cooper-Knock J, Buchman V, Sproviero W, Smith B, Scott KM, Balendra R, Abel O, McGuffin P, Ellis CM, Shaw PJ, Morrison KE, Farmer A, Lewis CM, Leigh PN, Shaw CE, Powell JF, Al-Chalabi A. Residual association at C9orf72 suggests an alternative amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-causing hexanucleotide repeat. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2234.e1-7. [PMID: 23587638 PMCID: PMC3753508 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons. Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs3849942 is associated with ALS, tagging a hexanucleotide repeat mutation in the C9orf72 gene. It is possible that there is more than 1 disease-causing genetic variation at this locus, in which case association might remain after removal of cases carrying the mutation. DNA from patients with ALS was therefore tested for the mutation. Genome-wide association testing was performed first using all samples, and then restricting the analysis to samples not carrying the mutation. rs3849942 and rs903603 were strongly associated with ALS when all samples were included (rs3849942, p = [3 × 2] × 10(-6), rank 7/442,057; rs903603, p = [7 × 6] × 10(-8), rank 2/442,057). Removal of the mutation-carrying cases resulted in loss of association for rs3849942 (p = [2 × 6] × 10(-3), rank 1225/442,068), but had little effect on rs903603 (p = [1 × 9] × 10(-5), rank 8/442,068). Those with a risk allele of rs903603 had an excess of apparent homozygosity for wild type repeat alleles, consistent with polymerase chain reaction failure of 1 allele because of massive repeat expansion. These results indicate residual association at the C9orf72 locus suggesting a second disease-causing repeat mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R. Jones
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Ione Woollacott
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Johnathan Cooper-Knock
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Vladimir Buchman
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of RAS, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - William Sproviero
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Bradley Smith
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Kirsten M. Scott
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Rubika Balendra
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Olubunmi Abel
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Peter McGuffin
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Karen E. Morrison
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, and Neurosciences Division, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Anne Farmer
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P. Nigel Leigh
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Trafford Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Sussex, Sussex, UK
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - John F. Powell
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, London, UK
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114
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Bilican B, Serio A, Shaw CE, Maniatis T, Chandran S. Unpicking neurodegeneration in a dish with human pluripotent stem cells: one cell type at a time. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2339-40. [PMID: 23856579 PMCID: PMC3841307 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bilada Bilican
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research; Centre for Neuroregeneration and Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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115
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Troakes C, Hortobágyi T, Vance C, Al-Sarraj S, Rogelj B, Shaw CE. Transportin 1 colocalization with Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) inclusions is not characteristic for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-FUS confirming disrupted nuclear import of mutant FUS and distinguishing it from frontotemporal lobar degeneration with FUS inclusions. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2013; 39:553-61. [PMID: 22934812 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2012.01300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Transportin 1 (TNPO 1) is an abundant component of the Fused in Sarcoma (FUS)-immunopositive inclusions seen in a subgroup of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-FUS). TNPO 1 has been shown to bind to the C-terminal nuclear localizing signal (NLS) of FUS and mediate its nuclear import. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-linked C-terminal mutants disrupt TNPO 1 binding to the NLS and impair nuclear import in cell culture. If this held true for human ALS then we predicted that FUS inclusions in patients with C-terminal FUS mutations would not colocalize with TNPO 1. METHODS Expression of TNPO 1 and colocalization with FUS was studied in the frontal cortex of FTLD-FUS (n = 3) and brain and spinal cord of ALS-FUS (n = 3), ALS-C9orf72 (n = 3), sporadic ALS (n = 7) and controls (n = 7). Expression levels and detergent solubility of TNPO 1 was measured by Western blot. RESULTS Aggregates of TNPO 1 were abundant and colocalized with FUS inclusions in the cortex of all FTLD-FUS cases. In contrast, no TNPO 1-positive aggregates or FUS colocalization was evident in two-thirds, ALS-FUS cases and was rare in one ALS-FUS case. Nor were they present in C9orf72 or sporadic ALS. No increase in the levels of TNPO 1 was seen in Western blots of spinal cord tissues from all ALS cases compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm that C-terminal FUS mutations prevent TNPO 1 binding to the NLS, inhibiting nuclear import and promoting cytoplasmic aggregation. The presence of TNPO 1 in wild-type FUS aggregates in FTLD-FUS distinguishes the two pathologies and implicates different disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Troakes
- KHP Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College London, London, UK.
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116
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Vance C, Scotter EL, Nishimura AL, Troakes C, Mitchell JC, Kathe C, Urwin H, Manser C, Miller CC, Hortobágyi T, Dragunow M, Rogelj B, Shaw CE. ALS mutant FUS disrupts nuclear localization and sequesters wild-type FUS within cytoplasmic stress granules. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:2676-88. [PMID: 23474818 PMCID: PMC3674807 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. FUS is a predominantly nuclear DNA- and RNA-binding protein that is involved in RNA processing. Large FUS-immunoreactive inclusions fill the perikaryon of surviving motor neurons of ALS patients carrying mutations at post-mortem. This sequestration of FUS is predicted to disrupt RNA processing and initiate neurodegeneration. Here, we demonstrate that C-terminal ALS mutations disrupt the nuclear localizing signal (NLS) of FUS resulting in cytoplasmic accumulation in transfected cells and patient fibroblasts. FUS mislocalization is rescued by the addition of the wild-type FUS NLS to mutant proteins. We also show that oxidative stress recruits mutant FUS to cytoplasmic stress granules where it is able to bind and sequester wild-type FUS. While FUS interacts with itself directly by protein-protein interaction, the recruitment of FUS to stress granules and interaction with PABP are RNA dependent. These findings support a two-hit hypothesis, whereby cytoplasmic mislocalization of FUS protein, followed by cellular stress, contributes to the formation of cytoplasmic aggregates that may sequester FUS, disrupt RNA processing and initiate motor neuron degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Catherine Manser
- Department of Neuroscience, King's College London, Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Christopher C. Miller
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and
- Department of Neuroscience, King's College London, Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | - Mike Dragunow
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and the National Research Centre for Growth and Development, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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117
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Diaper DC, Adachi Y, Lazarou L, Greenstein M, Simoes FA, Di Domenico A, Solomon DA, Lowe S, Alsubaie R, Cheng D, Buckley S, Humphrey DM, Shaw CE, Hirth F. Drosophila TDP-43 dysfunction in glia and muscle cells cause cytological and behavioural phenotypes that characterize ALS and FTLD. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3883-93. [PMID: 23727833 PMCID: PMC3766182 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by cytoplasmic aggregates and nuclear clearance of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). Studies in Drosophila, zebrafish and mouse demonstrate that the neuronal dysfunction of TDP-43 is causally related to disease formation. However, TDP-43 aggregates are also observed in glia and muscle cells, which are equally affected in ALS and FTLD; yet, it is unclear whether glia- or muscle-specific dysfunction of TDP-43 contributes to pathogenesis. Here, we show that similar to its human homologue, Drosophila TDP-43, Tar DNA-binding protein homologue (TBPH), is expressed in glia and muscle cells. Muscle-specific knockdown of TBPH causes age-related motor abnormalities, whereas muscle-specific gain of function leads to sarcoplasmic aggregates and nuclear TBPH depletion, which is accompanied by behavioural deficits and premature lethality. TBPH dysfunction in glia cells causes age-related motor deficits and premature lethality. In addition, both loss and gain of Drosophila TDP-43 alter mRNA expression levels of the glutamate transporters Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) and EAAT2. Taken together, our results demonstrate that both loss and gain of TDP-43 function in muscle and glial cells can lead to cytological and behavioural phenotypes in Drosophila that also characterize ALS and FTLD and identify the glutamate transporters EAAT1/2 as potential direct targets of TDP-43 function. These findings suggest that together with neuronal pathology, glial- and muscle-specific TDP-43 dysfunction may directly contribute to the aetiology and progression of TDP-43-related ALS and FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Frank Hirth
- Department of Neuroscience and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, PO Box 37, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF London, UK. Tel: +44 2078480786; Fax: +44 2077080017;
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118
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Taylor LJ, Brown RG, Tsermentseli S, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE, Ellis CM, Leigh PN, Goldstein LH. Is language impairment more common than executive dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013; 84:494-8. [PMID: 23033353 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic explorations of language abilities in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are lacking in the context of wider cognitive change. METHODOLOGY Neuropsychological assessment data were obtained from 51 patients with ALS and 35 healthy controls matched for age, gender and IQ. Composite scores were derived for the domains of language and executive functioning. Domain impairment was defined as a composite score ≤5th centile relative to the control mean. Cognitive impairment was also classified using recently published consensus criteria. RESULTS The patients with ALS were impaired on language and executive composite scores. Language domain impairment was found in 43% of patients with ALS, and executive domain impairment in 31%. Standardised language and executive composite scores correlated in the ALS group (r=0.68, p<0.001). Multiple regression analyses indicated that scores on the executive composite accounted for 44% of the variance in language composite scores. CONCLUSIONS Language impairments are at least as prevalent as executive dysfunction in ALS. While the two domains are strongly associated, executive dysfunction does not fully account for the profile of language impairments observed, further highlighting the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment in non-demented patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna J Taylor
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, London, UK
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119
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Kwok CT, Morris AG, Frampton J, Smith B, Shaw CE, de Belleroche J. Association studies indicate that protein disulfide isomerase is a risk factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 58:81-6. [PMID: 23337974 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) plays an important role in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by facilitating the exchange of disulfide bonds and, together with other ER stress proteins, is induced in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, genetic polymorphisms in the P4HB gene, which encodes PDI, have not been thoroughly investigated in ALS cases. In this study, we determined whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P4HB gene were associated with familial ALS (FALS) and sporadic ALS (SALS). We report significant genotypic associations for two SNPs in P4HB with FALS, rs876016 (P=0.0198) and rs2070872 (P=0.0046), all values being FDR corrected. Significant allelic associations were also obtained for rs876016 with FALS (P=0.0155) and ALS (FALS and SALS) (P=0.0148). Four SNP haplotypes, which included two additional flanking SNPs, rs876017 and rs8324, were examined and rare haplotypes were found to be more common in ALS cases compared to controls. Seven haplotypes were significantly associated with FALS and one haplotype was significantly associated with SALS. One rare haplotype, which was present in controls, was overrepresented in a group of SOD1-positive FALS cases. Reduced survival was observed in FALS cases possessing at least one copy of the minor allele of rs2070872 (P=0.0059) and rs8324 (P=0.0167) and in individuals lacking the homozygous AAAC/AAAC diplotype (P=0.011). The results suggest that P4HB is a modifier gene in ALS susceptibility and may represent a potential therapeutic target for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tak Kwok
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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120
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van Rheenen W, Diekstra FP, van Doormaal PT, Seelen M, Kenna K, McLaughlin R, Shatunov A, Czell D, van Es MA, van Vught PW, van Damme P, Smith BN, Waibel S, Schelhaas HJ, van der Kooi AJ, de Visser M, Weber M, Robberecht W, Hardiman O, Shaw PJ, Shaw CE, Morrison KE, Al-Chalabi A, Andersen PM, Ludolph AC, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH. H63D polymorphism in HFE is not associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:1517.e5-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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121
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Diaper DC, Adachi Y, Sutcliffe B, Humphrey DM, Elliott CJ, Stepto A, Ludlow ZN, Vanden Broeck L, Callaerts P, Dermaut B, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE, Robinson IM, Hirth F. Loss and gain of Drosophila TDP-43 impair synaptic efficacy and motor control leading to age-related neurodegeneration by loss-of-function phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:1539-57. [PMID: 23307927 PMCID: PMC3605831 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic accumulation and nuclear clearance of TDP-43 characterize familial and sporadic forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, suggesting that either loss or gain of TDP-43 function, or both, cause disease formation. Here we have systematically compared loss- and gain-of-function of Drosophila TDP-43, TAR DNA Binding Protein Homolog (TBPH), in synaptic function and morphology, motor control, and age-related neuronal survival. Both loss and gain of TBPH severely affect development and result in premature lethality. TBPH dysfunction caused impaired synaptic transmission at the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and in the adult. Tissue-specific knockdown together with electrophysiological recordings at the larval NMJ also revealed that alterations of TBPH function predominantly affect pre-synaptic efficacy, suggesting that impaired pre-synaptic transmission is one of the earliest events in TDP-43-related pathogenesis. Prolonged loss and gain of TBPH in adults resulted in synaptic defects and age-related, progressive degeneration of neurons involved in motor control. Toxic gain of TBPH did not downregulate or mislocalize its own expression, indicating that a dominant-negative effect leads to progressive neurodegeneration also seen with mutational inactivation of TBPH. Together these data suggest that dysfunction of Drosophila TDP-43 triggers a cascade of events leading to loss-of-function phenotypes whereby impaired synaptic transmission results in defective motor behavior and progressive deconstruction of neuronal connections, ultimately causing age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ben Sutcliffe
- Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, Universities of Exeter and Plymouth, PlymouthPL6 8BU, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Lies Vanden Broeck
- Laboratory of Behavioural & Developmental Genetics, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Leuven & VIB Centre for the Biology of Disease, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Patrick Callaerts
- Laboratory of Behavioural & Developmental Genetics, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Leuven & VIB Centre for the Biology of Disease, Leuven3000, Belgium
| | - Bart Dermaut
- Laboratory of Behavioural & Developmental Genetics, Centre for Human Genetics, University of Leuven & VIB Centre for the Biology of Disease, Leuven3000, Belgium
- INSERM U744, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille North of France, Lille, France
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, LondonSE5 8AF, UK
| | - Iain M. Robinson
- Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, Universities of Exeter and Plymouth, PlymouthPL6 8BU, UK
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122
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Kim HJ, Kim NC, Wang YD, Scarborough EA, Moore J, Diaz Z, MacLea KS, Freibaum B, Li S, Molliex A, Kanagaraj AP, Carter R, Boylan KB, Wojtas AM, Rademakers R, Pinkus JL, Greenberg SA, Trojanowski JQ, Traynor BJ, Smith BN, Topp S, Gkazi AS, Miller J, Shaw CE, Kottlors M, Kirschner J, Pestronk A, Li YR, Ford AF, Gitler AD, Benatar M, King OD, Kimonis VE, Ross ED, Weihl CC, Shorter J, Taylor JP. Mutations in prion-like domains in hnRNPA2B1 and hnRNPA1 cause multisystem proteinopathy and ALS. Nature 2013; 495:467-73. [PMID: 23455423 PMCID: PMC3756911 DOI: 10.1038/nature11922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1067] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Algorithms designed to identify canonical yeast prions predict that around 250 human proteins, including several RNA-binding proteins associated with neurodegenerative disease, harbour a distinctive prion-like domain (PrLD) enriched in uncharged polar amino acids and glycine. PrLDs in RNA-binding proteins are essential for the assembly of ribonucleoprotein granules. However, the interplay between human PrLD function and disease is not understood. Here we define pathogenic mutations in PrLDs of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) A2B1 and A1 in families with inherited degeneration affecting muscle, brain, motor neuron and bone, and in one case of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Wild-type hnRNPA2 (the most abundant isoform of hnRNPA2B1) and hnRNPA1 show an intrinsic tendency to assemble into self-seeding fibrils, which is exacerbated by the disease mutations. Indeed, the pathogenic mutations strengthen a 'steric zipper' motif in the PrLD, which accelerates the formation of self-seeding fibrils that cross-seed polymerization of wild-type hnRNP. Notably, the disease mutations promote excess incorporation of hnRNPA2 and hnRNPA1 into stress granules and drive the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions in animal models that recapitulate the human pathology. Thus, dysregulated polymerization caused by a potent mutant steric zipper motif in a PrLD can initiate degenerative disease. Related proteins with PrLDs should therefore be considered candidates for initiating and perhaps propagating proteinopathies of muscle, brain, motor neuron and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Joo Kim
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38120, USA
| | - Nam Chul Kim
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38120, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38120, USA
| | - Emily A. Scarborough
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Moore
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38120, USA
| | - Zamia Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyle S. MacLea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University; Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Brian Freibaum
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38120, USA
| | - Songqing Li
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38120, USA
| | - Amandine Molliex
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38120, USA
| | - Anderson P. Kanagaraj
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38120, USA
| | - Robert Carter
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38120, USA
| | - Kevin B. Boylan
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jack L. Pinkus
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven A. Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bryan J. Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Porter Neuroscience Building, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bradley N. Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Simon Topp
- King’s College London Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Athina-Soragia Gkazi
- King’s College London Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jack Miller
- King’s College London Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- King’s College London Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Michael Kottlors
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Children's Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Children's Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yun R. Li
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alice Flynn Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron D. Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Benatar
- Neurology Department, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Oliver D. King
- Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - Virginia E. Kimonis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of California-Irvine, 2501 Hewitt Hall, Irvine, CA, 92696, USA
| | - Eric D. Ross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University; Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Conrad C. Weihl
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - J. Paul Taylor
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38120, USA
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Serio A, Bilican B, Barmada SJ, Ando DM, Zhao C, Siller R, Burr K, Haghi G, Story D, Nishimura AL, Carrasco MA, Phatnani HP, Shum C, Wilmut I, Maniatis T, Shaw CE, Finkbeiner S, Chandran S. Astrocyte pathology and the absence of non-cell autonomy in an induced pluripotent stem cell model of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:4697-702. [PMID: 23401527 PMCID: PMC3607024 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1300398110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial proliferation and activation are associated with disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar dementia. In this study, we describe a unique platform to address the question of cell autonomy in transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) proteinopathies. We generated functional astroglia from human induced pluripotent stem cells carrying an ALS-causing TDP-43 mutation and show that mutant astrocytes exhibit increased levels of TDP-43, subcellular mislocalization of TDP-43, and decreased cell survival. We then performed coculture experiments to evaluate the effects of M337V astrocytes on the survival of wild-type and M337V TDP-43 motor neurons, showing that mutant TDP-43 astrocytes do not adversely affect survival of cocultured neurons. These observations reveal a significant and previously unrecognized glial cell-autonomous pathological phenotype associated with a pathogenic mutation in TDP-43 and show that TDP-43 proteinopathies do not display an astrocyte non-cell-autonomous component in cell culture, as previously described for SOD1 ALS. This study highlights the utility of induced pluripotent stem cell-based in vitro disease models to investigate mechanisms of disease in ALS and other TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Serio
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Centre for Neuroregeneration, and Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Bilada Bilican
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Centre for Neuroregeneration, and Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Sami J. Barmada
- Taube-Koret Center, Hellman Program, and Rodenberry Stem Cell Program, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Dale Michael Ando
- Taube-Koret Center, Hellman Program, and Rodenberry Stem Cell Program, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Chen Zhao
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Centre for Neuroregeneration, and Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Rick Siller
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Centre for Neuroregeneration, and Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Burr
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Centre for Neuroregeneration, and Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Ghazal Haghi
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Centre for Neuroregeneration, and Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - David Story
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Centre for Neuroregeneration, and Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes Lumi Nishimura
- Institute of Psychiatry, Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Monica A. Carrasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Hemali P. Phatnani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Carole Shum
- Institute of Psychiatry, Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ian Wilmut
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Centre for Neuroregeneration, and Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Maniatis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Institute of Psychiatry, Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; and
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Taube-Koret Center, Hellman Program, and Rodenberry Stem Cell Program, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, Centre for Neuroregeneration, and Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
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Abstract
A diagnostic biomarker for ALS would permit early intervention with disease-modifying therapies while a biomarker for disease activity could accelerate the pace of drug discovery by facilitating shorter, and less costly, drug trials to be conducted with a smaller number of patients. Neurofilaments are the most abundant neuronal cytoskeletal protein. We set out to determine whether pNfH was a credible biomarker for ALS. pNfH levels were determined using an ELISA for 150 ALS subjects and 140 controls. We demonstrated a seven-fold elevation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNfH) in ALS (median = 2787 pg/ml, n = 150), compared to headache and other benign controls (394 pg/ml, n = 100, p = < 0.05). There was a 10-fold elevation of pNfH compared to ALS mimics (266 pg/ml, n = 20) and other neurodegenerative and inflammatory conditions (279 pg/ml for n = 20) which was also highly significant (p = < 0.05). pNfH achieved a diagnostic sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 87% in distinguishing ALS from all controls. We also detected an inverse correlation between CSF pNfH levels and disease duration (time from symptom onset to death, r(2 = )0.1247, p = 0.001). In conclusion, pNfH represents a promising candidate for inclusion in a panel of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeban Ganesalingam
- King's Health Partners Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, UK
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125
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Arnold ES, Ling SC, Huelga SC, Lagier-Tourenne C, Polymenidou M, Ditsworth D, Kordasiewicz HB, McAlonis-Downes M, Platoshyn O, Parone PA, Da Cruz S, Clutario KM, Swing D, Tessarollo L, Marsala M, Shaw CE, Yeo GW, Cleveland DW. ALS-linked TDP-43 mutations produce aberrant RNA splicing and adult-onset motor neuron disease without aggregation or loss of nuclear TDP-43. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E736-45. [PMID: 23382207 PMCID: PMC3581922 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222809110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactivating response region DNA binding protein (TDP-43) is the major protein component of ubiquitinated inclusions found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with ubiquitinated inclusions. Two ALS-causing mutants (TDP-43(Q331K) and TDP-43(M337V)), but not wild-type human TDP-43, are shown here to provoke age-dependent, mutant-dependent, progressive motor axon degeneration and motor neuron death when expressed in mice at levels and in a cell type-selective pattern similar to endogenous TDP-43. Mutant TDP-43-dependent degeneration of lower motor neurons occurs without: (i) loss of TDP-43 from the corresponding nuclei, (ii) accumulation of TDP-43 aggregates, and (iii) accumulation of insoluble TDP-43. Computational analysis using splicing-sensitive microarrays demonstrates alterations of endogenous TDP-43-dependent alternative splicing events conferred by both human wild-type and mutant TDP-43(Q331K), but with high levels of mutant TDP-43 preferentially enhancing exon exclusion of some target pre-mRNAs affecting genes involved in neurological transmission and function. Comparison with splicing alterations following TDP-43 depletion demonstrates that TDP-43(Q331K) enhances normal TDP-43 splicing function for some RNA targets but loss-of-function for others. Thus, adult-onset motor neuron disease does not require aggregation or loss of nuclear TDP-43, with ALS-linked mutants producing loss and gain of splicing function of selected RNA targets at an early disease stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline S. Arnold
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and
| | - Shuo-Chien Ling
- Department of Neurosciences
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and
| | - Stephanie C. Huelga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | - Magdalini Polymenidou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and
| | - Dara Ditsworth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and
| | - Holly B. Kordasiewicz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and
| | | | - Oleksandr Platoshyn
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Philippe A. Parone
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and
| | - Sandrine Da Cruz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and
| | - Kevin M. Clutario
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and
| | - Debbie Swing
- Neural Development Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702; and
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Neural Development Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702; and
| | - Martin Marsala
- Department of Anesthesiology
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Gene W. Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Stem Cell Program and Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Don W. Cleveland
- Department of Neurosciences
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and
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126
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Mitchell JC, McGoldrick P, Vance C, Hortobagyi T, Sreedharan J, Rogelj B, Tudor EL, Smith BN, Klasen C, Miller CCJ, Cooper JD, Greensmith L, Shaw CE. Overexpression of human wild-type FUS causes progressive motor neuron degeneration in an age- and dose-dependent fashion. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 125:273-88. [PMID: 22961620 PMCID: PMC3549237 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-012-1043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorders with overlapping clinical, genetic and pathological features. Cytoplasmic inclusions of fused in sarcoma (FUS) are the hallmark of several forms of FTLD and ALS patients with mutations in the FUS gene. FUS is a multifunctional, predominantly nuclear, DNA and RNA binding protein. Here, we report that transgenic mice overexpressing wild-type human FUS develop an aggressive phenotype with an early onset tremor followed by progressive hind limb paralysis and death by 12 weeks in homozygous animals. Large motor neurons were lost from the spinal cord accompanied by neurophysiological evidence of denervation and focal muscle atrophy. Surviving motor neurons in the spinal cord had greatly increased cytoplasmic expression of FUS, with globular and skein-like FUS-positive and ubiquitin-negative inclusions associated with astroglial and microglial reactivity. Cytoplasmic FUS inclusions were also detected in the brain of transgenic mice without apparent neuronal loss and little astroglial or microglial activation. Hemizygous FUS overexpressing mice showed no evidence of a motor phenotype or pathology. These findings recapitulate several pathological features seen in human ALS and FTLD patients, and suggest that overexpression of wild-type FUS in vulnerable neurons may be one of the root causes of disease. Furthermore, these mice will provide a new model to study disease mechanism, and test therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline C. Mitchell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Kings College London, King’s Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Philip McGoldrick
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Caroline Vance
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Kings College London, King’s Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Tibor Hortobagyi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Kings College London, King’s Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Jemeen Sreedharan
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Kings College London, King’s Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Kings College London, King’s Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Elizabeth L. Tudor
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Kings College London, King’s Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, London, SE5 8AF UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Bradley N. Smith
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Kings College London, King’s Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Christian Klasen
- Genetics of Metabolic and Reproductive Disorders, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str, 10, 13215 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher C. J. Miller
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Kings College London, King’s Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, London, SE5 8AF UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Jonathan D. Cooper
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Kings College London, King’s Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG UK
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Kings College London, King’s Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, London, SE5 8AF UK
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127
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King A, Al-Sarraj S, Troakes C, Smith BN, Maekawa S, Iovino M, Spillantini MG, Shaw CE. Mixed tau, TDP-43 and p62 pathology in FTLD associated with a C9ORF72 repeat expansion and p.Ala239Thr MAPT (tau) variant. Acta Neuropathol 2013; 125:303-10. [PMID: 23053136 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-012-1050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A massive intronic GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 has recently been identified as the most common cause of familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). We have previously demonstrated that C9ORF72 mutant cases have a specific pathological profile with abundant p62-positive, TDP-43-negative cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions within cerebellar granular cells of the cerebellum and pyramidal cells of the hippocampus in addition to classical TDP-43 pathology. Here, we report mixed tau and TDP-43 pathology in a woman with behavioural variant FTLD who had the C9ORF72 mutation, and the p.Ala239Thr variant in MAPT (microtubule associated protein tau) gene not previously associated with tau pathology. Two of her brothers, who carried the C9ORF72 mutation, but not the MAPT variant, developed classical ALS without symptomatic cognitive changes. The dominant neuropathology in this woman with FTLD was a tauopathy with Pick's disease-like features. TDP-43 labelling was mainly confined to Pick bodies, but p62-positive, TDP-43-negative inclusions, characteristic of C9ORF72 mutations, were present in the cerebellum and hippocampus. Mixed pathology to this degree is unusual. One might speculate that the presence of the C9ORF72 mutation might influence tau deposition in what was previously thought to be a "benign" variant in MAPT in addition to the aggregation of TDP-43 and other as yet unidentified proteins decorated with ubiquitin and p62.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew King
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, Academic Neuroscience Building, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK,
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128
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Smith BN, Newhouse S, Shatunov A, Vance C, Topp S, Johnson L, Miller J, Lee Y, Troakes C, Scott KM, Jones A, Gray I, Wright J, Hortobágyi T, Al-Sarraj S, Rogelj B, Powell J, Lupton M, Lovestone S, Sapp PC, Weber M, Nestor PJ, Schelhaas HJ, Asbroek AALMT, Silani V, Gellera C, Taroni F, Ticozzi N, Van den Berg L, Veldink J, Van Damme P, Robberecht W, Shaw PJ, Kirby J, Pall H, Morrison KE, Morris A, de Belleroche J, Vianney de Jong JMB, Baas F, Andersen PM, Landers J, Brown RH, Weale ME, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE. The C9ORF72 expansion mutation is a common cause of ALS+/-FTD in Europe and has a single founder. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 21:102-8. [PMID: 22692064 PMCID: PMC3522204 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A massive hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation (HREM) in C9ORF72 has recently been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here we describe the frequency, origin and stability of this mutation in ALS+/-FTD from five European cohorts (total n=1347). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms defining the risk haplotype in linked kindreds were genotyped in cases (n=434) and controls (n=856). Haplotypes were analysed using PLINK and aged using DMLE+. In a London clinic cohort, the HREM was the most common mutation in familial ALS+/-FTD: C9ORF72 29/112 (26%), SOD1 27/112 (24%), TARDBP 1/112 (1%) and FUS 4/112 (4%) and detected in 13/216 (6%) of unselected sporadic ALS cases but was rare in controls (3/856, 0.3%). HREM prevalence was high for familial ALS+/-FTD throughout Europe: Belgium 19/22 (86%), Sweden 30/41 (73%), the Netherlands 10/27 (37%) and Italy 4/20 (20%). The HREM did not affect the age at onset or survival of ALS patients. Haplotype analysis identified a common founder in all 137 HREM carriers that arose around 6300 years ago. The haplotype from which the HREM arose is intrinsically unstable with an increased number of repeats (average 8, compared with 2 for controls, P<10(-8)). We conclude that the HREM has a single founder and is the most common mutation in familial and sporadic ALS in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley N Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Newhouse
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline Vance
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Topp
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Lauren Johnson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Jack Miller
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Younbok Lee
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Kirsten M Scott
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Ashley Jones
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Gray
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Jamie Wright
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - John Powell
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Michelle Lupton
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Peter C Sapp
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Markus Weber
- Kantonsspital St Gallen and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Nestor
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helenius J Schelhaas
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, ‘Dino Ferrari' Center, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- SOSD Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione-IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico ‘Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- SOSD Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione-IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico ‘Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, ‘Dino Ferrari' Center, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonard Van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Phillip Van Damme
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Robberecht
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Academic Neurology Unit, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Janine Kirby
- Academic Neurology Unit, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hardev Pall
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, and Neurosciences Division, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karen E Morrison
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, and Neurosciences Division, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alex Morris
- Neurogenetics Group, Centre for Neuroscience, Division of Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline de Belleroche
- Neurogenetics Group, Centre for Neuroscience, Division of Experimental Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - J M B Vianney de Jong
- Department of Neurogenetics and Neurology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Neurogenetics and Neurology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - John Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Weale
- King's College London, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, London, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
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129
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Ahmeti KB, Ajroud-Driss S, Al-Chalabi A, Andersen PM, Armstrong J, Birve A, Blauw HM, Brown RH, Bruijn L, Chen W, Chio A, Comeau MC, Cronin S, Diekstra FP, Soraya Gkazi A, Glass JD, Grab JD, Groen EJ, Haines JL, Hardiman O, Heller S, Huang J, Hung WY, Jaworski JM, Jones A, Khan H, Landers JE, Langefeld CD, Leigh PN, Marion MC, McLaughlin RL, Meininger V, Melki J, Miller JW, Mora G, Pericak-Vance MA, Rampersaud E, Robberecht W, Russell LP, Salachas F, Saris CG, Shatunov A, Shaw CE, Siddique N, Siddique T, Smith BN, Sufit R, Topp S, Traynor BJ, Vance C, van Damme P, van den Berg LH, van Es MA, van Vught PW, Veldink JH, Yang Y, Zheng JG. Age of onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is modulated by a locus on 1p34.1. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:357.e7-19. [PMID: 22959728 PMCID: PMC3839234 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the third most common adult-onset neurodegenerative disease. Individuals with ALS rapidly progress to paralysis and die from respiratory failure within 3 to 5 years after symptom onset. Epidemiological factors explain only a modest amount of the risk for ALS. However, there is growing evidence of a strong genetic component to both familial and sporadic ALS risk. The International Consortium on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genetics was established to bring together existing genome-wide association cohorts and identify sporadic ALS susceptibility and age at symptom onset loci. Here, we report the results of a meta-analysis of the International Consortium on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Genetics genome-wide association samples, consisting of 4243 ALS cases and 5112 controls from 13 European ancestry cohorts from across the United States and Europe. Eight genomic regions provided evidence of association with ALS, including 9p21.2 (rs3849942, odds ratio [OR] = 1.21; p = 4.41 × 10(-7)), 17p11.2 (rs7477, OR = 1.30; p = 2.89 × 10(-7)), and 19p13 (rs12608932, OR = 1.37, p = 1.29 × 10(-7)). Six genomic regions were associated with age at onset of ALS. The strongest evidence for an age of onset locus was observed at 1p34.1, with comparable evidence at rs3011225 (R(2)(partial) = 0.0061; p = 6.59 × 10(-8)) and rs803675 (R(2)(partial) = 0.0060; p = 6.96 × 10(-8)). These associations were consistent across all 13 cohorts. For rs3011225, individuals with at least 1 copy of the minor allele had an earlier average age of onset of over 2 years. Identifying the underlying pathways influencing susceptibility to and age at onset of ALS may provide insight into the pathogenic mechanisms and motivate new pharmacologic targets for this fatal neurodegenerative disease.
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130
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Johnson L, Miller JW, Gkazi AS, Vance C, Topp SD, Newhouse SJ, Al-Chalabi A, Smith BN, Shaw CE. Screening for OPTN mutations in a cohort of British amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:2948.e15-7. [PMID: 22892313 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Variants within the optineurin gene (OPTN) are recognized as causative mutations for primary open angle glaucoma. However, 4 different nonsynonymous and 3 different exonic deletion OPTN mutations have recently been identified in Japanese amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. We sought to characterize OPTN genetic variation in a British cohort of ALS cases of Northern European origin. The coding portion of the gene (exons 4-16) was sequenced in a minimum of 75 familial and 120 sporadic ALS patients and an additional 300 sporadic cases in exons previously identified as harboring mutations in Northern European ALS patients. Ten variants were identified, 8 of which are present in single nucleotide polymorphism databases. Two novel synonymous changes were detected in exon 6 from 2 familial ALS cases. These are not predicted to alter splicing and are therefore unlikely to be pathogenic. We conclude that OPTN mutations associated with ALS are rare in British ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Johnson
- Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, King's Health Partners, UK
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131
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Miller JW, Smith BN, Topp SD, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE, Vance C. Mutation analysis of VCP in British familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:2721.e1-2. [PMID: 22789697 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the valosin-containing-protein (VCP) gene are associated with the multidisorder disease, inclusion body myopathy with Pagets and associated frontotemporal dementia. This disease is characterized pathologically by large ubiquitinated, TAR DNA Binding Protein 43 (TDP-43) positive inclusions. These inclusions are also a common feature in neurological diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTLD). Mutations in the VCP gene have been identified in ALS patients, therefore we aimed to characterize VCP variations in our own cohort of familial and sporadic ALS patients by sequencing all 17 coding exons of VCP. This study failed to detect any exonic variations in a subset of British familial and sporadic ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W Miller
- Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
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132
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Yamazaki T, Chen S, Yu Y, Yan B, Haertlein TC, Carrasco MA, Tapia JC, Zhai B, Das R, Lalancette-Hebert M, Sharma A, Chandran S, Sullivan G, Nishimura AL, Shaw CE, Gygi SP, Shneider NA, Maniatis T, Reed R. FUS-SMN protein interactions link the motor neuron diseases ALS and SMA. Cell Rep 2012; 2:799-806. [PMID: 23022481 PMCID: PMC3483417 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the RNA binding protein FUS cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal adult motor neuron disease. Decreased expression of SMN causes the fatal childhood motor neuron disorder spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The SMN complex localizes in both the cytoplasm and nuclear Gems, and loss of Gems is a cellular hallmark of fibroblasts in patients with SMA. Here, we report that FUS associates with the SMN complex, mediated by U1 snRNP and by direct interactions between FUS and SMN. Functionally, we show that FUS is required for Gem formation in HeLa cells, and expression of FUS containing a severe ALS-causing mutation (R495X) also results in Gem loss. Strikingly, a reduction in Gems is observed in ALS patient fibroblasts expressing either mutant FUS or TDP-43, another ALS-causing protein that interacts with FUS. The physical and functional interactions among SMN, FUS, TDP-43, and Gems indicate that ALS and SMA share a biochemical pathway, providing strong support for the view that these motor neuron diseases are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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133
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Johnson J, Leigh PN, Shaw CE, Ellis C, Burman R, Al-Chalabi A. Eating-derived pleasure in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a predictor of non-oral feeding. Amyotroph Lateral Scler 2012; 13:555-9. [PMID: 22871077 DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2012.704925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to examine the pleasure derived from eating in patients with advanced ALS and how this affects advice to have a gastrostomy. Patients with advanced ALS completed a visual analogue scale indicating the pleasure they derived from eating. Data were also collected on the severity of swallow using the Hillel scale, the independent feeding status, and on whether gastrostomy was accepted or not. The findings from 38 consecutive patients indicate that pleasure derived from eating is a powerful indicator of a person's acceptance of gastrostomy. In conclusion, the study showed that a simple analogue scale is quick and practical in a clinical setting even in severely compromised people with ALS and that the eating pleasure score was a strong predictor of the final decision to accept gastrostomy placement (p = 12.2 = 10(-4)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Johnson
- Speech and Language Therapy Department, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
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134
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Rogelj B, Easton LE, Bogu GK, Stanton LW, Rot G, Curk T, Zupan B, Sugimoto Y, Modic M, Haberman N, Tollervey J, Fujii R, Takumi T, Shaw CE, Ule J. Widespread binding of FUS along nascent RNA regulates alternative splicing in the brain. Sci Rep 2012; 2:603. [PMID: 22934129 PMCID: PMC3429604 DOI: 10.1038/srep00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fused in sarcoma (FUS) and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) are RNA-binding proteins pathogenetically linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), but it is not known if they regulate the same transcripts. We addressed this question using crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) in mouse brain, which showed that FUS binds along the whole length of the nascent RNA with limited sequence specificity to GGU and related motifs. A saw-tooth binding pattern in long genes demonstrated that FUS remains bound to pre-mRNAs until splicing is completed. Analysis of FUS(-/-) brain demonstrated a role for FUS in alternative splicing, with increased crosslinking of FUS in introns around the repressed exons. We did not observe a significant overlap in the RNA binding sites or the exons regulated by FUS and TDP-43. Nevertheless, we found that both proteins regulate genes that function in neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rogelj
- Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Now at: Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Laura E. Easton
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Gireesh K. Bogu
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, S(138672), Singapore
| | - Lawrence W. Stanton
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology Group, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, S(138672), Singapore
| | - Gregor Rot
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Curk
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Zupan
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yoichiro Sugimoto
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Miha Modic
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Nejc Haberman
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - James Tollervey
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
- Now at: The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Ritsuko Fujii
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jernej Ule
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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Gerrish A, Russo G, Richards A, Moskvina V, Ivanov D, Harold D, Sims R, Abraham R, Hollingworth P, Chapman J, Hamshere M, Pahwa JS, Dowzell K, Williams A, Jones N, Thomas C, Stretton A, Morgan AR, Lovestone S, Powell J, Proitsi P, Lupton MK, Brayne C, Rubinsztein DC, Gill M, Lawlor B, Lynch A, Morgan K, Brown KS, Passmore PA, Craig D, McGuinness B, Todd S, Johnston JA, Holmes C, Mann D, Smith AD, Love S, Kehoe PG, Hardy J, Mead S, Fox N, Rossor M, Collinge J, Maier W, Jessen F, Kölsch H, Heun R, Schürmann B, van den Bussche H, Heuser I, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J, Dichgans M, Frölich L, Hampel H, Hüll M, Rujescu D, Goate AM, Kauwe JSK, Cruchaga C, Nowotny P, Morris JC, Mayo K, Livingston G, Bass NJ, Gurling H, McQuillin A, Gwilliam R, Deloukas P, Davies G, Harris SE, Starr JM, Deary IJ, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE, Tsolaki M, Singleton AB, Guerreiro R, Mühleisen TW, Nöthen MM, Moebus S, Jöckel KH, Klopp N, Wichmann HE, Carrasquillo MM, Pankratz VS, Younkin SG, Jones L, Holmans PA, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Williams J. The role of variation at AβPP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and MAPT in late onset Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 28:377-87. [PMID: 22027014 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rare mutations in AβPP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 cause uncommon early onset forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and common variants in MAPT are associated with risk of other neurodegenerative disorders. We sought to establish whether common genetic variation in these genes confer risk to the common form of AD which occurs later in life (>65 years). We therefore tested single-nucleotide polymorphisms at these loci for association with late-onset AD (LOAD) in a large case-control sample consisting of 3,940 cases and 13,373 controls. Single-marker analysis did not identify any variants that reached genome-wide significance, a result which is supported by other recent genome-wide association studies. However, we did observe a significant association at the MAPT locus using a gene-wide approach (p = 0.009). We also observed suggestive association between AD and the marker rs9468, which defines the H1 haplotype, an extended haplotype that spans the MAPT gene and has previously been implicated in other neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration. In summary common variants at AβPP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 and MAPT are unlikely to make strong contributions to susceptibility for LOAD. However, the gene-wide effect observed at MAPT indicates a possible contribution to disease risk which requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Gerrish
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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136
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Harper CA, Shaw CE, Fly JM, Beaver JT. Attitudes and motivations of Tennessee deer hunters toward quality deer management. WILDLIFE SOC B 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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137
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Diekstra FP, Saris CGJ, van Rheenen W, Franke L, Jansen RC, van Es MA, van Vught PWJ, Blauw HM, Groen EJN, Horvath S, Estrada K, Rivadeneira F, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Robberecht W, Andersen PM, Melki J, Meininger V, Hardiman O, Landers JE, Brown RH, Shatunov A, Shaw CE, Leigh PN, Al-Chalabi A, Ophoff RA, van den Berg LH, Veldink JH. Mapping of gene expression reveals CYP27A1 as a susceptibility gene for sporadic ALS. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35333. [PMID: 22509407 PMCID: PMC3324559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of upper and lower motor neurons. ALS is considered to be a complex trait and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated a few susceptibility loci. However, many more causal loci remain to be discovered. Since it has been shown that genetic variants associated with complex traits are more likely to be eQTLs than frequency-matched variants from GWAS platforms, we conducted a two-stage genome-wide screening for eQTLs associated with ALS. In addition, we applied an eQTL analysis to finemap association loci. Expression profiles using peripheral blood of 323 sporadic ALS patients and 413 controls were mapped to genome-wide genotyping data. Subsequently, data from a two-stage GWAS (3,568 patients and 10,163 controls) were used to prioritize eQTLs identified in the first stage (162 ALS, 207 controls). These prioritized eQTLs were carried forward to the second sample with both gene-expression and genotyping data (161 ALS, 206 controls). Replicated eQTL SNPs were then tested for association in the second-stage GWAS data to find SNPs associated with disease, that survived correction for multiple testing. We thus identified twelve cis eQTLs with nominally significant associations in the second-stage GWAS data. Eight SNP-transcript pairs of highest significance (lowest p = 1.27×10−51) withstood multiple-testing correction in the second stage and modulated CYP27A1 gene expression. Additionally, we show that C9orf72 appears to be the only gene in the 9p21.2 locus that is regulated in cis, showing the potential of this approach in identifying causative genes in association loci in ALS. This study has identified candidate genes for sporadic ALS, most notably CYP27A1. Mutations in CYP27A1 are causal to cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis which can present as a clinical mimic of ALS with progressive upper motor neuron loss, making it a plausible susceptibility gene for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank P. Diekstra
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan G. J. Saris
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ritsert C. Jansen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Bioinformatics Centre, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A. van Es
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul W. J. van Vught
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hylke M. Blauw
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J. N. Groen
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Karol Estrada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Robberecht
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Vesalius Research Centre, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Judith Melki
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University of Paris, Bicetre Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Meininger
- Department of Neurology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John E. Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King’s College London, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King’s College London, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - P. Nigel Leigh
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King’s College London, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King’s College London, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Department of Medical Genetics, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Leonard H. van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H. Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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138
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De Vos KJ, Mórotz GM, Stoica R, Tudor EL, Lau KF, Ackerley S, Warley A, Shaw CE, Miller CC. VAPB interacts with the mitochondrial protein PTPIP51 to regulate calcium homeostasis. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:1299-311. [PMID: 22131369 PMCID: PMC3284118 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A proline to serine substitution at position 56 in the gene encoding vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB) causes some dominantly inherited familial forms of motor neuron disease including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) type-8. VAPB is an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein whose amino-terminus projects into the cytosol. Overexpression of ALS mutant VAPBP56S disrupts ER structure but the mechanisms by which it induces disease are not properly understood. Here we show that VAPB interacts with the outer mitochondrial membrane protein, protein tyrosine phosphatase-interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51). ER and mitochondria are both stores for intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) and Ca(2+) exchange between these organelles occurs at regions of ER that are closely apposed to mitochondria. These are termed mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM). We demonstrate that VAPB is a MAM protein and that loss of either VAPB or PTPIP51 perturbs uptake of Ca(2+) by mitochondria following release from ER stores. Finally, we demonstrate that VAPBP56S has altered binding to PTPIP51 and increases Ca(2+) uptake by mitochondria following release from ER stores. Damage to ER, mitochondria and Ca(2+) homeostasis are all seen in ALS and we discuss the implications of our findings in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt J. De Vos
- Department of Neuroscience and
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | | | | | - Kwok-Fai Lau
- Department of Neuroscience and
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong and
| | | | - Alice Warley
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Christopher C.J. Miller
- Department of Neuroscience and
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
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139
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Roche JC, Rojas-Garcia R, Scott KM, Scotton W, Ellis CE, Burman R, Wijesekera L, Turner MR, Leigh PN, Shaw CE, Al-Chalabi A. A proposed staging system for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2012; 135:847-52. [PMID: 22271664 PMCID: PMC3286327 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons, with a median survival of 2-3 years. Although various phenotypic and research diagnostic classification systems exist and several prognostic models have been generated, there is no staging system. Staging criteria for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis would help to provide a universal and objective measure of disease progression with benefits for patient care, resource allocation, research classifications and clinical trial design. We therefore sought to define easily identified clinical milestones that could be shown to occur at specific points in the disease course, reflect disease progression and impact prognosis and treatment. A tertiary referral centre clinical database was analysed, consisting of 1471 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis seen between 1993 and 2007. Milestones were defined as symptom onset (functional involvement by weakness, wasting, spasticity, dysarthria or dysphagia of one central nervous system region defined as bulbar, upper limb, lower limb or diaphragmatic), diagnosis, functional involvement of a second region, functional involvement of a third region, needing gastrostomy and non-invasive ventilation. Milestone timings were standardized as proportions of time elapsed through the disease course using information from patients who had died by dividing time to a milestone by disease duration. Milestones occurred at predictable proportions of the disease course. Diagnosis occurred at 35% through the disease course, involvement of a second region at 38%, a third region at 61%, need for gastrostomy at 77% and need for non-invasive ventilation at 80%. We therefore propose a simple staging system for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Stage 1: symptom onset (involvement of first region); Stage 2A: diagnosis; Stage 2B: involvement of second region; Stage 3: involvement of third region; Stage 4A: need for gastrostomy; and Stage 4B: need for non-invasive ventilation. Validation of this staging system will require further studies in other populations, in population registers and in other clinic databases. The standardized times to milestones may well vary between different studies and populations, although the stages themselves and their meanings are likely to remain unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose C Roche
- MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
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140
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Mórotz GM, De Vos KJ, Vagnoni A, Ackerley S, Shaw CE, Miller CCJ. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated mutant VAPBP56S perturbs calcium homeostasis to disrupt axonal transport of mitochondria. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:1979-88. [PMID: 22258555 PMCID: PMC3315205 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A proline-to-serine substitution at position 56 in the gene encoding vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB; VAPBP56S) causes some dominantly inherited familial forms of motor neuron disease, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) type-8. Here, we show that expression of ALS mutant VAPBP56S but not wild-type VAPB in neurons selectively disrupts anterograde axonal transport of mitochondria. VAPBP56S-induced disruption of mitochondrial transport involved reductions in the frequency, velocity and persistence of anterograde mitochondrial movement. Anterograde axonal transport of mitochondria is mediated by the microtubule-based molecular motor kinesin-1. Attachment of kinesin-1 to mitochondria involves the outer mitochondrial membrane protein mitochondrial Rho GTPase-1 (Miro1) which acts as a sensor for cytosolic calcium levels ([Ca2+]c); elevated [Ca2+]c disrupts mitochondrial transport via an effect on Miro1. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the VAPBP56S effect on mitochondrial transport, we monitored [Ca2+]c levels in VAPBP56S-expressing neurons. Expression of VAPBP56S but not VAPB increased resting [Ca2+]c and this was associated with a reduction in the amounts of tubulin but not kinesin-1 that were associated with Miro1. Moreover, expression of a Ca2+ insensitive mutant of Miro1 rescued defective mitochondrial axonal transport and restored the amounts of tubulin associated with the Miro1/kinesin-1 complex to normal in VAPBP56S-expressing cells. Our results suggest that ALS mutant VAPBP56S perturbs anterograde mitochondrial axonal transport by disrupting Ca2+ homeostasis and effecting the Miro1/kinesin-1 interaction with tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor M Mórotz
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
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141
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Rojas-Garcia R, Scott KM, Roche JC, Scotton W, Martin N, Janssen A, Goldstein LH, Nigel Leigh P, Ellis CM, Shaw CE, Al-Chalabi A. No evidence for a large difference in ALS frequency in populations of African and European origin: A population based study in inner city London. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:66-8. [DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2011.636049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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142
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Troakes C, Maekawa S, Wijesekera L, Rogelj B, Siklós L, Bell C, Smith B, Newhouse S, Vance C, Johnson L, Hortobágyi T, Shatunov A, Al-Chalabi A, Leigh N, Shaw CE, King A, Al-Sarraj S. An MND/ALS phenotype associated with C9orf72 repeat expansion: abundant p62-positive, TDP-43-negative inclusions in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum but without associated cognitive decline. Neuropathology 2011; 32:505-14. [PMID: 22181065 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2011.01286.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The transactive response DNA binding protein (TDP-43) proteinopathies describe a clinico-pathological spectrum of multi-system neurodegeneration that spans motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MND/ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). We have identified four male patients who presented with the clinical features of a pure MND/ALS phenotype (without dementia) but who had distinctive cortical and cerebellar pathology that was different from other TDP-43 proteinopathies. All patients initially presented with weakness of limbs and respiratory muscles and had a family history of MND/ALS. None had clinically identified cognitive decline or dementia during life and they died between 11 and 32 months after symptom onset. Neuropathological investigation revealed lower motor neuron involvement with TDP-43-positive inclusions typical of MND/ALS. In contrast, the cerebral pathology was atypical, with abundant star-shaped p62-immunoreactive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and hippocampus, while TDP-43-positive inclusions were sparse. This pattern was also seen in the cerebellum where p62-positive, TDP-43-negative inclusions were frequent in granular cells. Western blots of cortical lysates, in contrast to those of sporadic MND/ALS and FTLD-TDP, showed high p62 levels and low TDP-43 levels with no high molecular weight smearing. MND/ALS-associated SOD1, FUS and TARDBP gene mutations were excluded; however, further investigations revealed that all four of the cases did show a repeat expansion of C9orf72, the recently reported cause of chromosome 9-linked MND/ALS and FTLD. We conclude that these chromosome 9-linked MND/ALS cases represent a pathological sub-group with abundant p62 pathology in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum but with no significant associated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Troakes
- King's College London, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
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143
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Al-Sarraj S, King A, Troakes C, Smith B, Maekawa S, Bodi I, Rogelj B, Al-Chalabi A, Hortobágyi T, Shaw CE. p62 positive, TDP-43 negative, neuronal cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions in the cerebellum and hippocampus define the pathology of C9orf72-linked FTLD and MND/ALS. Acta Neuropathol 2011; 122:691-702. [PMID: 22101323 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-011-0911-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) containing phosphorylated TDP-43 (p-TDP-43) are the pathological hallmarks of motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MND/ALS) and FTLD-TDP. The vast majority of NCIs in the brain and spinal cord also label for ubiquitin and p62, however, we have previously reported a subset of TDP-43 proteinopathy patients who have unusual and abundant p62 positive, TDP-43 negative inclusions in the cerebellum and hippocampus. Here we sought to determine whether these cases carry the hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72. Repeat primer PCR was performed in 36 MND/ALS, FTLD-MND/ALS and FTLD-TDP cases and four controls. Fourteen individuals with the repeat expansion were detected. In all the 14 expansion mutation cases there were abundant globular and star-shaped p62 positive NCIs in the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus, the vast majority of which were p-TDP-43 negative. p62 positive NCIs were also abundant in the cerebellar granular and molecular layers in all cases and in Purkinje cells in 12/14 cases but they were only positive for p-TDP-43 in the granular layer of one case. Abundant p62 positive, p-TDP-43 negative neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NIIs) were seen in 12/14 cases in the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus and in 6/14 cases in the cerebellar granular layer. This unusual combination of inclusions appears pathognomonic for C9orf72 repeat expansion positive MND/ALS and FTLD-TDP which we believe form a pathologically distinct subset of TDP-43 proteinopathies. Our results suggest that proteins other than TDP-43 are binding p62 and aggregating in response to the mutation which may play a mechanistic role in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Al-Sarraj
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK
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144
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Tollervey JR, Wang Z, Hortobágyi T, Witten JT, Zarnack K, Kayikci M, Clark TA, Schweitzer AC, Rot G, Curk T, Zupan B, Rogelj B, Shaw CE, Ule J. Analysis of alternative splicing associated with aging and neurodegeneration in the human brain. Genome Res 2011; 21:1572-82. [PMID: 21846794 PMCID: PMC3202275 DOI: 10.1101/gr.122226.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Age is the most important risk factor for neurodegeneration; however, the effects of aging and neurodegeneration on gene expression in the human brain have most often been studied separately. Here, we analyzed changes in transcript levels and alternative splicing in the temporal cortex of individuals of different ages who were cognitively normal, affected by frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), or affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD). We identified age-related splicing changes in cognitively normal individuals and found that these were present also in 95% of individuals with FTLD or AD, independent of their age. These changes were consistent with increased polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB)-dependent splicing activity. We also identified disease-specific splicing changes that were present in individuals with FTLD or AD, but not in cognitively normal individuals. These changes were consistent with the decreased neuro-oncological ventral antigen (NOVA)-dependent splicing regulation, and the decreased nuclear abundance of NOVA proteins. As expected, a dramatic down-regulation of neuronal genes was associated with disease, whereas a modest down-regulation of glial and neuronal genes was associated with aging. Whereas our data indicated that the age-related splicing changes are regulated independently of transcript-level changes, these two regulatory mechanisms affected expression of genes with similar functions, including metabolism and DNA repair. In conclusion, the alternative splicing changes identified in this study provide a new link between aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Tollervey
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Zhen Wang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua T. Witten
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- EMBL–European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, United Kingdom
| | - Melis Kayikci
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Tyson A. Clark
- Expression Research, Affymetrix, Inc., Santa Clara, California 95051, USA
| | | | - Gregor Rot
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Curk
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Zupan
- Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Rogelj
- MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E. Shaw
- MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Jernej Ule
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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145
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Hanby MF, Scott KM, Scotton W, Wijesekera L, Mole T, Ellis CE, Leigh PN, Shaw CE, Al-Chalabi A. The risk to relatives of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2011; 134:3454-7. [PMID: 21933809 PMCID: PMC3235555 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons with a median survival of 2 years. Most patients have no family history of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but current understanding of such diseases suggests there should be an increased risk to relatives. Furthermore, it is a common question to be asked by patients and relatives in clinic. We therefore set out to determine the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to first degree relatives of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis attending a specialist clinic. Case records of patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis seen at a tertiary referral centre over a 16-year period were reviewed, and pedigree structures extracted. All individuals who had originally presented with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but who subsequently had an affected first degree relative, were identified. Calculations were age-adjusted using clinic population demographics. Probands (n = 1502), full siblings (n = 1622) and full offspring (n = 1545) were identified. Eight of the siblings and 18 offspring had developed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The unadjusted risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis over the observation period was 0.5% for siblings and 1.0% for offspring. Age information was available for 476 siblings and 824 offspring. For this subset, the crude incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was 0.11% per year (0.05-0.21%) in siblings and 0.11% per year (0.06-0.19%) in offspring, and the clinic age-adjusted incidence rate was 0.12% per year (0.04-0.21%) in siblings. By age 85, siblings were found to have an 8-fold increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in comparison to the background population. In practice, this means the risk of remaining unaffected by age 85 dropped from 99.7% to 97.6%. Relatives of people with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have a small but definite increased risk of being affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha F Hanby
- MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry P 041, London SE5 8AF, UK
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146
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Vivekananda U, Manjalay ZR, Ganesalingam J, Simms J, Shaw CE, Leigh PN, Turner MR, Al-Chalabi A. Low index-to-ring finger length ratio in sporadic ALS supports prenatally defined motor neuronal vulnerability. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011; 82:635-7. [PMID: 21551173 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.237412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aetiology of apparently sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is unknown, but prenatal factors are known to influence disease development. In both men and women, motor neurons require testosterone for survival and axonal regeneration after injury, and androgen insensitivity leads to a form of motor neuron degeneration in men. Reduction in the ratio of index to ring finger length (2D:4D ratio) is considered a surrogate marker for high prenatal testosterone levels in both men and women. The authors therefore tested the hypothesis that prenatal testosterone irrespective of gender is an independent risk factor for the development of ALS later in life, and that this would be reflected in a lower 2D:4D ratio in both men and women with ALS. METHODS Patients and unrelated control individuals attending a specialist tertiary referral centre for ALS were studied. A digital camera was used to photograph hands. Finger lengths were measured by four independent scorers blind to case-control status, and the mean 2D:4D ratio derived. Analysis was by linear regression and receiver-operator-curve analysis. RESULTS Controlling for differences in sex ratio between groups, the 2D:4D ratio was lower for people with ALS (n=47) than for controls (n=63) (r=-0.25, two-tailed p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS Patients with ALS have a lower 2D:4D ratio, consistent with higher prenatal circulating levels of testosterone, and possibly a prenatal influence of testosterone on motor-neuron vulnerability in later life.
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147
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Hollingworth P, Harold D, Sims R, Gerrish A, Lambert JC, Carrasquillo MM, Abraham R, Hamshere ML, Pahwa JS, Moskvina V, Dowzell K, Jones N, Stretton A, Thomas C, Richards A, Ivanov D, Widdowson C, Chapman J, Lovestone S, Powell J, Proitsi P, Lupton MK, Brayne C, Rubinsztein DC, Gill M, Lawlor B, Lynch A, Brown KS, Passmore PA, Craig D, McGuinness B, Todd S, Holmes C, Mann D, Smith AD, Beaumont H, Warden D, Wilcock G, Love S, Kehoe PG, Hooper NM, Vardy ERLC, Hardy J, Mead S, Fox NC, Rossor M, Collinge J, Maier W, Jessen F, Rüther E, Schürmann B, Heun R, Kölsch H, van den Bussche H, Heuser I, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J, Dichgans M, Frölich L, Hampel H, Gallacher J, Hüll M, Rujescu D, Giegling I, Goate AM, Kauwe JSK, Cruchaga C, Nowotny P, Morris JC, Mayo K, Sleegers K, Bettens K, Engelborghs S, De Deyn PP, Van Broeckhoven C, Livingston G, Bass NJ, Gurling H, McQuillin A, Gwilliam R, Deloukas P, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE, Tsolaki M, Singleton AB, Guerreiro R, Mühleisen TW, Nöthen MM, Moebus S, Jöckel KH, Klopp N, Wichmann HE, Pankratz VS, Sando SB, Aasly JO, Barcikowska M, Wszolek ZK, Dickson DW, Graff-Radford NR, Petersen RC, van Duijn CM, Breteler MMB, Ikram MA, DeStefano AL, Fitzpatrick AL, Lopez O, Launer LJ, Seshadri S, Berr C, Campion D, Epelbaum J, Dartigues JF, Tzourio C, Alpérovitch A, Lathrop M, Feulner TM, Friedrich P, Riehle C, Krawczak M, Schreiber S, Mayhaus M, Nicolhaus S, Wagenpfeil S, Steinberg S, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Snaedal J, Björnsson S, Jonsson PV, Chouraki V, Genier-Boley B, Hiltunen M, Soininen H, Combarros O, Zelenika D, Delepine M, Bullido MJ, Pasquier F, Mateo I, Frank-Garcia A, Porcellini E, Hanon O, Coto E, Alvarez V, Bosco P, Siciliano G, Mancuso M, Panza F, Solfrizzi V, Nacmias B, Sorbi S, Bossù P, Piccardi P, Arosio B, Annoni G, Seripa D, Pilotto A, Scarpini E, Galimberti D, Brice A, Hannequin D, Licastro F, Jones L, Holmans PA, Jonsson T, Riemenschneider M, Morgan K, Younkin SG, Owen MJ, O'Donovan M, Amouyel P, Williams J. Common variants at ABCA7, MS4A6A/MS4A4E, EPHA1, CD33 and CD2AP are associated with Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet 2011; 43:429-35. [PMID: 21460840 PMCID: PMC3084173 DOI: 10.1038/ng.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1470] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We sought to identify new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease through a staged association study (GERAD+) and by testing suggestive loci reported by the Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Consortium (ADGC) in a companion paper. We undertook a combined analysis of four genome-wide association datasets (stage 1) and identified ten newly associated variants with P ≤ 1 × 10(-5). We tested these variants for association in an independent sample (stage 2). Three SNPs at two loci replicated and showed evidence for association in a further sample (stage 3). Meta-analyses of all data provided compelling evidence that ABCA7 (rs3764650, meta P = 4.5 × 10(-17); including ADGC data, meta P = 5.0 × 10(-21)) and the MS4A gene cluster (rs610932, meta P = 1.8 × 10(-14); including ADGC data, meta P = 1.2 × 10(-16)) are new Alzheimer's disease susceptibility loci. We also found independent evidence for association for three loci reported by the ADGC, which, when combined, showed genome-wide significance: CD2AP (GERAD+, P = 8.0 × 10(-4); including ADGC data, meta P = 8.6 × 10(-9)), CD33 (GERAD+, P = 2.2 × 10(-4); including ADGC data, meta P = 1.6 × 10(-9)) and EPHA1 (GERAD+, P = 3.4 × 10(-4); including ADGC data, meta P = 6.0 × 10(-10)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hollingworth
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute, Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Ticozzi N, Vance C, Leclerc AL, Keagle P, Glass JD, McKenna-Yasek D, Sapp PC, Silani V, Bosco DA, Shaw CE, Brown RH, Landers JE. Mutational analysis reveals the FUS homolog TAF15 as a candidate gene for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156B:285-90. [PMID: 21438137 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
FUS, EWS, and TAF15 belong to the TET family of structurally similar DNA/RNA-binding proteins. Mutations in the FUS gene have recently been discovered as a cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). Given the structural and functional similarities between the three genes, we screened TAF15 and EWS in 263 and 94 index FALS cases, respectively. No coding variants were found in EWS, while we identified six novel changes in TAF15. Of these, two 24 bp deletions and a R388H missense variant were also found in healthy controls. A D386N substitution was shown not to segregate with the disease in the affected pedigree. A single A31T and two R395Q changes were identified in FALS cases but not in over 1,100 controls. Interestingly, one of the R395Q FALS cases also harbors a TARDBP mutation (G384R). Altogether, these results suggest that additional studies are needed to determine whether mutations in the TAF15 gene represent a cause of FALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, 01605, USA
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149
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive and ultimately fatal neurodegenerative disease with an average survival of 3 years from symptom onset. Rapid and conclusive early diagnosis is essential if interventions with disease-modifying therapies are to be successful. Cytoskeletal modification and inflammation are known to occur during the pathogenesis of ALS. We measured levels of cytoskeletal proteins and inflammatory markers in the CSF of ALS, disease controls and healthy subjects. We determined threshold values for each protein that provided the optimal sensitivity and specificity for ALS within a training set, as determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Interestingly, the optimal assay was a ratio of the levels for phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain and complement C3 (pNFH/C3). We next applied this assay to a separate test set of CSF samples to verify our results. Overall, the predictive pNFH/C3 ratio identified ALS with 87.3% sensitivity and 94.6% specificity in a total of 71 ALS subjects, 52 disease control subjects and 40 healthy subjects. In addition, the level of CSF pNFH correlated with survival of ALS patients. We also detected increased pNFH in the plasma of ALS patients and observed a correlation between CSF and plasma pNFH levels within the same subjects. These findings support large-scale prospective biomarker studies to determine the clinical utility of diagnostic and prognostic signatures in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeban Ganesalingam
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, King's Health Partners, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, London, UK
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150
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Tollervey JR, Curk T, Rogelj B, Briese M, Cereda M, Kayikci M, König J, Hortobágyi T, Nishimura AL, Zupunski V, Patani R, Chandran S, Rot G, Zupan B, Shaw CE, Ule J. Characterizing the RNA targets and position-dependent splicing regulation by TDP-43. Nat Neurosci 2011; 14:452-8. [PMID: 21358640 PMCID: PMC3108889 DOI: 10.1038/nn.2778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 804] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TDP-43 is a predominantly nuclear RNA-binding protein that forms inclusion bodies in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The mRNA targets of TDP-43 in the human brain and its role in RNA processing are largely unknown. Using individual-nucleotide resolution UV-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP), we demonstrated that TDP-43 preferentially binds long clusters of UG-rich sequences in vivo. Analysis of TDP-43 RNA binding in FTLD-TDP brains revealed the greatest increases in binding to MALAT1 and NEAT1 non-coding RNAs. We also showed that TDP-43 binding on pre-mRNAs influences alternative splicing in a similar position-dependent manner to Nova proteins. In addition, we identified unusually long clusters of TDP-43 binding at deep intronic positions downstream of silenced exons. A significant proportion of alternative mRNA isoforms regulated by TDP-43 encode proteins that regulate neuronal development or are implicated in neurological diseases, highlighting the importance of TDP-43 for splicing regulation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Tollervey
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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