101
|
Bellapianta A, Cetkovic A, Bolz M, Salti A. Retinal Organoids and Retinal Prostheses: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2922. [PMID: 35328339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress of modern medicine in the last decades, millions of people diagnosed with retinal dystrophies (RDs), such as retinitis pigmentosa, or age-related diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, are suffering from severe visual impairment or even legal blindness. On the one hand, the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the progress of three-dimensional (3D) retinal organoids (ROs) technology provide a great opportunity to study, understand, and even treat retinal diseases. On the other hand, research advances in the field of electronic retinal prosthesis using inorganic photovoltaic polymers and the emergence of organic semiconductors represent an encouraging therapeutical strategy to restore vision to patients at the late onset of the disease. This review will provide an overview of the latest advancement in both fields. We first describe the retina and the photoreceptors, briefly mention the most used RD animal models, then focus on the latest RO differentiation protocols, carry out an overview of the current technology on inorganic and organic retinal prostheses to restore vision, and finally summarize the potential utility and applications of ROs.
Collapse
|
102
|
Traynor G, Shearn AIU, Milano EG, Ordonez MV, Velasco Forte MN, Caputo M, Schievano S, Mustard H, Wray J, Biglino G. The use of 3D-printed models in patient communication: a scoping review. J 3D Print Med 2022; 6:13-23. [PMID: 35211330 PMCID: PMC8852361 DOI: 10.2217/3dp-2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3D models have been used as an asset in many clinical applications and a variety of disciplines, and yet the available literature studying the use of 3D models in communication is limited. This scoping review has been conducted to draw conclusions on the current evidence and learn from previous studies, using this knowledge to inform future work. Our search strategy revealed 269 papers, 19 of which were selected for final inclusion and analysis. When assessing the use of 3D models in doctor-patient communication, there is a need for larger studies and studies including a long-term follow up. Furthermore, there are forms of communication that are yet to be researched and provide a niche that may be beneficial to explore.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Traynor
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Andrew IU Shearn
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
| | - Elena G Milano
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | | | | | - Massimo Caputo
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
- University Hospitals Bristol & Weston, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, BS1 3NU, UK
| | - Silvia Schievano
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Hannah Mustard
- University Hospitals Bristol & Weston, NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, BS1 3NU, UK
| | - Jo Wray
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Giovanni Biglino
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UD, UK
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
- Author for correspondence: Tel.: +44 117 342 3287;
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Fedi A, Vitale C, Giannoni P, Caluori G, Marrella A. Biosensors to Monitor Cell Activity in 3D Hydrogel-Based Tissue Models. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:1517. [PMID: 35214418 PMCID: PMC8879987 DOI: 10.3390/s22041517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture models have gained relevant interest in tissue engineering and drug discovery owing to their suitability to reproduce in vitro some key aspects of human tissues and to provide predictive information for in vivo tests. In this context, the use of hydrogels as artificial extracellular matrices is of paramount relevance, since they allow closer recapitulation of (patho)physiological features of human tissues. However, most of the analyses aimed at characterizing these models are based on time-consuming and endpoint assays, which can provide only static and limited data on cellular behavior. On the other hand, biosensing systems could be adopted to measure on-line cellular activity, as currently performed in bi-dimensional, i.e., monolayer, cell culture systems; however, their translation and integration within 3D hydrogel-based systems is not straight forward, due to the geometry and materials properties of these advanced cell culturing approaches. Therefore, researchers have adopted different strategies, through the development of biochemical, electrochemical and optical sensors, but challenges still remain in employing these devices. In this review, after examining recent advances in adapting existing biosensors from traditional cell monolayers to polymeric 3D cells cultures, we will focus on novel designs and outcomes of a range of biosensors specifically developed to provide real-time analysis of hydrogel-based cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Fedi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT), 16149 Genoa, Italy; (A.F.); (C.V.)
- Department of Computer Science, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Vitale
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT), 16149 Genoa, Italy; (A.F.); (C.V.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Paolo Giannoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Guido Caluori
- IHU LIRYC, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, 33600 Pessac, France;
- INSERM UMR 1045, Cardiothoracic Research Center of Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alessandra Marrella
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering (IEIIT), 16149 Genoa, Italy; (A.F.); (C.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
104
|
Lipreri MV, Baldini N, Graziani G, Avnet S. Perfused Platforms to Mimic Bone Microenvironment at the Macro/Milli/Microscale: Pros and Cons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:760667. [PMID: 35047495 PMCID: PMC8762164 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.760667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy increases, the population experiences progressive ageing. Ageing, in turn, is connected to an increase in bone-related diseases (i.e., osteoporosis and increased risk of fractures). Hence, the search for new approaches to study the occurrence of bone-related diseases and to develop new drugs for their prevention and treatment becomes more pressing. However, to date, a reliable in vitro model that can fully recapitulate the characteristics of bone tissue, either in physiological or altered conditions, is not available. Indeed, current methods for modelling normal and pathological bone are poor predictors of treatment outcomes in humans, as they fail to mimic the in vivo cellular microenvironment and tissue complexity. Bone, in fact, is a dynamic network including differently specialized cells and the extracellular matrix, constantly subjected to external and internal stimuli. To this regard, perfused vascularized models are a novel field of investigation that can offer a new technological approach to overcome the limitations of traditional cell culture methods. It allows the combination of perfusion, mechanical and biochemical stimuli, biological cues, biomaterials (mimicking the extracellular matrix of bone), and multiple cell types. This review will discuss macro, milli, and microscale perfused devices designed to model bone structure and microenvironment, focusing on the role of perfusion and encompassing different degrees of complexity. These devices are a very first, though promising, step for the development of 3D in vitro platforms for preclinical screening of novel anabolic or anti-catabolic therapeutic approaches to improve bone health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Biomedical Science and Technologies Lab, IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriela Graziani
- Laboratory for NanoBiotechnology (NaBi), IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Chen Y, Wang Y, Luo SC, Zheng X, Kankala RK, Wang SB, Chen AZ. Advances in Engineered Three-Dimensional (3D) Body Articulation Unit Models. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:213-235. [PMID: 35087267 PMCID: PMC8789231 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s344036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Indeed, the body articulation units, commonly referred to as body joints, play significant roles in the musculoskeletal system, enabling body flexibility. Nevertheless, these articulation units suffer from several pathological conditions, such as osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis, gout, and psoriatic arthritis. There exist several treatment modalities based on the utilization of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, which can reduce or control the pathophysiological symptoms. Despite the success, these treatment modalities suffer from major shortcomings of enormous cost and poor recovery, limiting their applicability and requiring promising strategies. To address these limitations, several engineering strategies have been emerged as promising solutions in fabricating the body articulation as unit models towards local articulation repair for tissue regeneration and high-throughput screening for drug development. In this article, we present challenges related to the selection of biomaterials (natural and synthetic sources), construction of 3D articulation models (scaffold-free, scaffold-based, and organ-on-a-chip), architectural designs (microfluidics, bioprinting, electrospinning, and biomineralization), and the type of culture conditions (growth factors and active peptides). Then, we emphasize the applicability of these articulation units for emerging biomedical applications of drug screening and tissue repair/regeneration. In conclusion, we put forward the challenges and difficulties for the further clinical application of the in vitro 3D articulation unit models in terms of the long-term high activity of the models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523059, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Chang Luo
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Zheng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology (Huaqiao University), Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Pokojna H, Erolin C, Henstridge C. The transparent minds: methods of creation of 3D digital models from patient specific data. J Vis Commun Med 2022; 45:17-31. [PMID: 35019795 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2021.2008230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the method for creating 3-dimensional (3D) digital models extracted from patient- specific scans of the brain. The described approach consists of several cross-platform stages: raw data segmentation, data correction in 3D-modelling software, post-processing of the 3D digital models and their presentation on an interactive web-based platform. This method of data presentation offers a cost and time effective option to present medical data accurately. An important aspect of the process is using real patient data and enriching the traditional slice-based representation of the scans with 3D models that can provide better understanding of the organs' structures. The resulting 3D digital models also form the basis for further processing into different modalities, for example models in Virtual Reality or 3D physical model printouts. The option to make medical data less abstract and more understandable can extend their use beyond diagnosis and into a potential aid in anatomy and patient education. The methods presented in this paper were originally based on the master thesis 'Transparent Minds: Testing for Efficiency of Transparency in 3D Physical and 3D Digital Models', which focussed on creating and comparing the efficiency of transparent 3D physical and 3D digital models from real-patient data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Pokojna
- Department of Computer Science, Fakulta informatiky, Masarykova Univerzita, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Caroline Erolin
- Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Christopher Henstridge
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Kvarda P, Krähenbühl N, Susdorf R, Burssens A, Ruiz R, Barg A, Hintermann B. High Reliability for Semiautomated 3D Measurements Based on Weightbearing CT Scans. Foot Ankle Int 2022; 43:91-95. [PMID: 34353147 DOI: 10.1177/10711007211034522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A reliable assessment of the ankle using weightbearing radiography remains challenging. Semiautomated 3-dimensional (3D) measurements derived from weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) scans may provide a more reliable approach. METHODS Thirty healthy individuals without any foot and ankle disorder were analyzed. We assessed 6 widely used ankle parameters (4 angles and 2 distances) using either semiautomated 3D (based on WBCT scans) or traditional 2-dimensional (2D; based on conventional radiographs) measurements. The reliability and discrepancy between both techniques were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients and the Bland-Altman method. RESULTS Five of 6 variables showed a lower reliability when derived from 2D measurements. The mean of 3 variables differed between the techniques: the 3D technique assessed that the talonavicular coverage angle was 18.9 degrees higher, the axial talocalcaneal angle was 5.5 degrees higher, and the talocalcaneal overlap was 3.7 mm lower when compared with 2D measurements. CONCLUSION Semiautomated 3D measurements derived from WBCT scans provide more reliable information on ankle alignment compared with 2D measurements based on weightbearing radiographs. Future studies may show to what extent these parameters could contribute to current diagnostic algorithms and treatment concepts. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kvarda
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Krähenbühl
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roman Susdorf
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Arne Burssens
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Roxa Ruiz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Alexej Barg
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Beat Hintermann
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Evia-Cabral RG, Hermida-Ochoa EH, Benavides-Rodríguez D, Cuevas-Andrade JL, Uribe-Cortés TB, Hermida-Ochoa JC. [Treatment of severe spinal deformity with 3D printing models]. Acta Ortop Mex 2022; 36:58-63. [PMID: 36099575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Scoliosis is a complex deformity that affects all three planes of the axis of the spine. The association between neuromuscular pathology and vertebral alignment was initially described in 1960. Neuromuscular pathology is progressive and results in postural abnormalities. Surgical goals in patients with neuromuscular deformity include anatomical correction for sedation and ambulation, as well as functional improvement. The gold standard of treatment is by posterior approach with transpedicular screws. The "hands-free" technique saves surgical time, decreases radiation by reducing the use of fluoroscopy. The advent of 3D printing technology allows precise study of the anatomical area and detail of the deformity in its three planes. This model can be sterilized for transoperative guidance. A 13-year-old female patient who develops thoracolumbar neuromuscular scoliosis secondary to spastic cerebral palsy (CP), with previous instrumentation T11-L3 of which he develops severe proximal curve. After the segmentation of the three-dimensional model, pedicle violation greater than 2 mm towards bilateral medullary canal was detected in the pedicles of L1 and L2 of previous instrumentation, pedicle dysplasia and the morphological characteristics of the pedicles were observed. Three-dimensional planning and the use of surgical guides represent a tool for surgical planning, especially in severe cases and with pedicle dysplasia. It helps as a surgical guide for the placement of hands-free transpedicular screws with possible reduction of radiation and anesthetic time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R G Evia-Cabral
- Hospital de Ortopedia para Niños «Dr. Germán Díaz Lombardo». México
| | | | | | | | - T B Uribe-Cortés
- Centro de Investigación y Laboratorio de Biomecánica (CILAB). Hospital de Ortopedia para Niños «Dr. Germán Díaz Lombardo». México
| | - J C Hermida-Ochoa
- Centro de Investigación y Laboratorio de Biomecánica (CILAB). Hospital de Ortopedia para Niños «Dr. Germán Díaz Lombardo». México
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Ravon AL, García-Medrano P, Moncel MH, Ashton N. Acheulean variability in Western Europe: The case of Menez-Dregan I (Plouhinec, Finistère, France). J Hum Evol 2021; 162:103103. [PMID: 34883259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.103103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of the Acheulean in Europe occurred after MIS 17, but it was after the harsh glaciation of MIS 12 and during the long interglacial of MIS 11 that human occupation of Western Europe became more sustained, with an increased number of sites. Menez-Dregan I (Brittany, France) is one of the key sites in Western Europe that dates from this threshold, with an alternating sequence of 16 occupation levels and four marine deposits, from MIS 12 to 8. The large lithic assemblages of more than 154,000 artifacts from knapping (cores, flakes) and shaping (macrotools and shaping flakes) show the varying use of raw materials and activities at the site through the sequence. This work focuses on the study of the handaxes and cleavers using technological and metrical methods with multivariate analysis, in combination with geometric morphometrics, and places these analyses within the context of other technological changes at the site. Collectively, results show the persistent use through the sequence of the same lithic raw materials and technologies, including fire use and the import of glossy sandstone from 20 km away, but with variation in activities at the site. These findings suggest that Menez-Dregan I shows the development of a specific material culture that reflects the local resources and environment. Results further indicate that the site shows the sustained hominin occupation of the area, despite varying climate and environment, with strong traditions of social learning that were maintained through flexibility of site use, deep understanding of the local territory, and the innovation of new technologies, such as the use of fire. Evidence from the site is placed within the wider context of Europe, and contrasted with areas to the north, such as Britain, where hominin occupation was more sporadic and driven by cyclical climate change.
Collapse
|
110
|
Igea A, Martin OCB, Cooks T, Pateras IS. Editorial: Reprogramming Stromal Cells in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728439. [PMID: 34858972 PMCID: PMC8631759 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Igea
- Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Tomer Cooks
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,2nd Department of Pathology, "Attikon" University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
111
|
Bori E, Pancani S, Vigliotta S, Innocenti B. Validation and accuracy evaluation of automatic segmentation for knee joint pre-planning. Knee 2021; 33:275-281. [PMID: 34739958 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper use of three-dimensional (3D) models generated from medical imaging data in clinical preoperative planning, training and consultation is based on the preliminary proved accuracy of the replication of the patient anatomy. Therefore, this study investigated the dimensional accuracy of 3D reconstructions of the knee joint generated from computed tomography scans via automatic segmentation by comparing them with 3D models generated through manual segmentation. METHODS Three unpaired, fresh-frozen right legs were investigated. Three-dimensional models of the femur and the tibia of each leg were manually segmented using a commercial software and compared in terms of geometrical accuracy with the 3D models automatically segmented using proprietary software. Bony landmarks were identified and used to calculate clinically relevant distances: femoral epicondylar distance; posterior femoral epicondylar distance; femoral trochlear groove length; tibial knee center tubercle distance (TKCTD). Pearson's correlation coefficient and Bland and Altman plots were used to evaluate the level of agreement between measured distances. RESULTS Differences between parameters measured on 3D models manually and automatically segmented were below 1 mm (range: -0.06 to 0.72 mm), except for TKCTD (between 1.00 and 1.40 mm in two specimens). In addition, there was a significant strong correlation between measurements. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained are comparable to those reported in previous studies where accuracy of bone 3D reconstruction was investigated. Automatic segmentation techniques can be used to quickly reconstruct reliable 3D models of bone anatomy and these results may contribute to enhance the spread of this technology in preoperative and operative settings, where it has shown considerable potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Bori
- BEAMS Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
112
|
Winifred Nompumelelo Simelane N, Abrahamse H. Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery Systems in Photodynamic Therapy of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12405. [PMID: 34830287 PMCID: PMC8622021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) involving a malignant tumour remains one of the greatest contributing causes of fatal mortality and has become the third globally ranked malignancy in terms of cancer-associated deaths. Conventional CRC treatment approaches such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are the most utilized approaches to treat this disease. However, they are limited by low selectivity and systemic toxicity, so they cannot completely eradicate this disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging therapeutic modality that exerts selective cytotoxicity to cancerous cells through the activation of photosensitizers (PSs) under light irradiation to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which then cause cancer cell death. Cumulative research findings have highlighted the significant role of traditional PDT in CRC treatment; however, the therapeutic efficacy of the classical PDT strategy is restricted due to skin photosensitivity, poor cancerous tissue specificity, and limited penetration of light. The application of nanoparticles in PDT can mitigate some of these shortcomings and enhance the targeting ability of PS in order to effectively use PDT against CRC as well as to reduce systemic side effects. Although 2D culture models are widely used in cancer research, they have some limitations. Therefore, 3D models in CRC PDT, particularly multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTS), have attracted researchers. This review summarizes several photosensitizers that are currently used in CRC PDT and gives an overview of recent advances in nanoparticle application for enhanced CRC PDT. In addition, the progress of 3D-model applications in CRC PDT is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Stunden C, Zakani S, Martin A, Moodley S, Jacob J. Replicating Anatomical Teaching Specimens Using 3D Modeling Embedded Within a Multimodal e-Learning Course: Pre-Post Study Exploring the Impact on Medical Education During COVID-19. JMIR Med Educ 2021; 7:e30533. [PMID: 34787589 PMCID: PMC8663546 DOI: 10.2196/30533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant effects on anatomy education. During the pandemic, students have had no access to cadavers, which has been the principal method of learning anatomy. We created and tested a customized congenital heart disease e-learning course for medical students that contained interactive 3D models of anonymized pediatric congenital heart defects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess whether a multimodal e-learning course contributed to learning outcomes in a cohort of first-year undergraduate medical students studying congenital heart diseases. The secondary aim is to assess student attitudes and experiences associated with multimodal e-learning. METHODS The pre-post study design involved 290 first-year undergraduate medical students. Recruitment was conducted by course instructors. Data were collected before and after using the course. The primary outcome was knowledge acquisition (test scores). The secondary outcomes included attitudes and experiences, time to complete the modules, and browser metadata. RESULTS A total of 141 students were included in the final analysis. Students' knowledge significantly improved by an average of 44.6% (63/141) when using the course (SD 1.7%; Z=-10.287; P<.001). Most students (108/122, 88.3%) were highly motivated to learn with the course, and most (114/122, 93.5%) reported positive experiences with the course. There was a strong correlation between attitudes and experiences, which was statistically significant (rs=0.687; P<.001; n=122). No relationships were found between the change in test scores and attitudes (P=.70) or experiences (P=.47). Students most frequently completed the e-learning course with Chrome (109/141, 77.3%) and on Apple macOS (86/141, 61%) or Windows 10 (52/141, 36.9%). Most students (117/141, 83%) had devices with high-definition screens. Most students (83/141, 58.9%) completed the course in <3 hours. CONCLUSIONS Multimodal e-learning could be a viable solution in improving learning outcomes and experiences for undergraduate medical students who do not have access to cadavers. Future research should focus on validating long-term learning outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Stunden
- Digital Lab, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sima Zakani
- Digital Lab, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Avery Martin
- Digital Lab, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shreya Moodley
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Jacob
- Digital Lab, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Mendoza-Martinez AK, Loessner D, Mata A, Azevedo HS. Modeling the Tumor Microenvironment of Ovarian Cancer: The Application of Self-Assembling Biomaterials. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5745. [PMID: 34830897 PMCID: PMC8616551 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is one of the leading causes of gynecologic malignancies. Despite treatment with surgery and chemotherapy, OvCa disseminates and recurs frequently, reducing the survival rate for patients. There is an urgent need to develop more effective treatment options for women diagnosed with OvCa. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a key driver of disease progression, metastasis and resistance to treatment. For this reason, 3D models have been designed to represent this specific niche and allow more realistic cell behaviors compared to conventional 2D approaches. In particular, self-assembling peptides represent a promising biomaterial platform to study tumor biology. They form nanofiber networks that resemble the architecture of the extracellular matrix and can be designed to display mechanical properties and biochemical motifs representative of the TME. In this review, we highlight the properties and benefits of emerging 3D platforms used to model the ovarian TME. We also outline the challenges associated with using these 3D systems and provide suggestions for future studies and developments. We conclude that our understanding of OvCa and advances in materials science will progress the engineering of novel 3D approaches, which will enable the development of more effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen Mendoza-Martinez
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alvaro Mata
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Helena S. Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Hegde M, Bhat SM, Guruprasad KP, Moka R, Ramachandra L, Satyamoorthy K, Joshi MB. Human breast tumor derived endothelial cells exhibit distinct biological properties. Biol Cell 2021; 114:73-85. [PMID: 34755911 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Excessive angiogenesis characterized by leaky, tortuous, and chaotic vasculature is one of the hallmarks of cancers and is significantly correlated to poor prognosis. Disorganized angiogenesis leads to poor perfusion of anti-cancer drugs and limits access to immune cells. Hence, impeding angiogenesis is one of the attractive therapeutic targets to inhibit progression and metastasis in several solid tumors including breast. RESULTS We have developed a robust and reproducible method for isolating and ex vivo culture of endothelial cells (EC) derived from non-malignant (Endo-N) and malignant (Endo-T) part from clinically characterized human breast tumors. RT-PCR and immunoblotting analysis indicated that these cells exhibited expression of endothelial specific genes such as PECAM-1 (CD31), Endoglin (CD105), eNOS, VE-cadherin, VCAM1, and MCAM. Vasculogenic mimicry and contamination of progenitor EC recruited in tumors was ruled out by absence of CD133 expression and normal karyotype. Both the cell types showed stable expression of CD31 and CD105 up to seven passages. Furthermore, compared to Endo-N cells, Endo-T cells showed (a) constitutively increased proliferation marked by nearly 36% of cells in mitotic phase, (b) requirement of glutamine for cell survival, (c) pro-migratory phenotype, (d) produced increased number of sprouts in 3D cultures, and (e) resistance to sorafenib. CONCLUSION Tumor derived EC showed distinct biological properties compared to normal breast EC. SIGNIFICANCE Our method for isolating endothelial cell types from human breast tumors may be explored to (a) understand cellular and molecular mechanisms, (b) screen anti-angiogenic molecules, and (c) formulate organoid cultures to develop personalized medicine facilitating better clinical management of breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sharath Mohan Bhat
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Kanive Parashiva Guruprasad
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rajasekhar Moka
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Lingadakai Ramachandra
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Sükei T, Palma E, Urbani L. Interplay between Cellular and Non-Cellular Components of the Tumour Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5586. [PMID: 34771746 PMCID: PMC8583132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and lethal cancers worldwide. Currently, treatments available for advanced HCC provide dismal chances of survival, thus there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. While much of the focus of recent decades has been on targeting malignant cells, promising results have emerged from targeting the tumour microenvironment (TME). The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the main non-cellular component of the TME and it profoundly changes during tumorigenesis to promote the growth and survival of malignant cells. Despite this, many in vitro models for drug testing fail to consider the TME leading to a high failure rate in clinical trials. Here, we present an overview of the function and properties of the ECM in the liver and how these change during malignant transformation. We also discuss the relationship between immune cells and ECM in the TME in HCC. Lastly, we present advanced, 3D culture techniques of cancer modelling and argue that the incorporation of TME components into these is essential to better recapitulate the complex interactions within the TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Sükei
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK; (T.S.); (E.P.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Elena Palma
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK; (T.S.); (E.P.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Luca Urbani
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK; (T.S.); (E.P.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
117
|
Zisis E, Keller D, Kanari L, Arnaudon A, Gevaert M, Delemontex T, Coste B, Foni A, Abdellah M, Calì C, Hess K, Magistretti PJ, Schürmann F, Markram H. Digital Reconstruction of the Neuro-Glia-Vascular Architecture. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:5686-5703. [PMID: 34387659 PMCID: PMC8568010 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes connect the vasculature to neurons mediating the supply of nutrients and biochemicals. They are involved in a growing number of physiological and pathophysiological processes that result from biophysical, physiological, and molecular interactions in this neuro-glia-vascular ensemble (NGV). The lack of a detailed cytoarchitecture severely restricts the understanding of how they support brain function. To address this problem, we used data from multiple sources to create a data-driven digital reconstruction of the NGV at micrometer anatomical resolution. We reconstructed 0.2 mm3 of the rat somatosensory cortex with 16 000 morphologically detailed neurons, 2500 protoplasmic astrocytes, and its microvasculature. The consistency of the reconstruction with a wide array of experimental measurements allows novel predictions of the NGV organization, allowing the anatomical reconstruction of overlapping astrocytic microdomains and the quantification of endfeet connecting each astrocyte to the vasculature, as well as the extent to which they cover the latter. Structural analysis showed that astrocytes optimize their positions to provide uniform vascular coverage for trophic support and signaling. However, this optimal organization rapidly declines as their density increases. The NGV digital reconstruction is a resource that will enable a better understanding of the anatomical principles and geometric constraints, which govern how astrocytes support brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Zisis
- Blue Brain Project, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Keller
- Blue Brain Project, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Lida Kanari
- Blue Brain Project, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Alexis Arnaudon
- Blue Brain Project, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Michael Gevaert
- Blue Brain Project, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Delemontex
- Blue Brain Project, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Coste
- Blue Brain Project, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Foni
- Blue Brain Project, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Marwan Abdellah
- Blue Brain Project, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Calì
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Turin 10043, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kathryn Hess
- Laboratory for Topology and Neuroscience, Brain Mind Institute, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Julius Magistretti
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Felix Schürmann
- Blue Brain Project, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| | - Henry Markram
- Blue Brain Project, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Geneva 1202, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Palacio LC, Ugarte JP, Saiz J, Tobón C. The Effects of Fibrotic Cell Type and Its Density on Atrial Fibrillation Dynamics: An In Silico Study. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102769. [PMID: 34685750 PMCID: PMC8534881 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling in atrial fibrillation (AF) underlines the electrical and structural changes in the atria, where fibrosis is a hallmark of arrhythmogenic structural alterations. Fibrosis is an important feature of the AF substrate and can lead to abnormal conduction and, consequently, mechanical dysfunction. The fibrotic process comprises the presence of fibrotic cells, including fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and fibrocytes, which play an important role during fibrillatory dynamics. This work assesses the effect of the diffuse fibrosis density and the intermingled presence of the three types of fibrotic cells on the dynamics of persistent AF. For this purpose, the three fibrotic cells were electrically coupled to cardiomyocytes in a 3D realistic model of human atria. Low (6.25%) and high (25%) fibrosis densities were implemented in the left atrium according to a diffuse fibrosis representation. We analyze the action potential duration, conduction velocity and fibrillatory conduction patterns. Additionally, frequency analysis was performed in 50 virtual electrograms. The tested fibrosis configurations generated a significant conduction velocity reduction, where the larger effect was observed at high fibrosis density (up to 82% reduction in the fibrocytes configuration). Increasing the fibrosis density intensifies the vulnerability to multiple re-entries, zigzag propagation, and chaotic activity in the fibrillatory conduction. The most complex propagation patterns were observed at high fibrosis densities and the fibrocytes are the cells with the largest proarrhythmic effect. Left-to-right dominant frequency gradients can be observed for all fibrosis configurations, where the fibrocytes configuration at high density generates the most significant gradients (up to 4.5 Hz). These results suggest the important role of different fibrotic cell types and their density in diffuse fibrosis on the chaotic propagation patterns during persistent AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Palacio
- Materiales Nanoestructurados y Biomodelación (MATBIOM), Universidad de Medellín, Medellín 050032, Colombia;
| | - Juan P. Ugarte
- Grupo de Investigación en Modelamiento y Simulación Computacional (GIMSC), Universidad de San Buenaventura, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
| | - Javier Saiz
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería (CIB), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Catalina Tobón
- Materiales Nanoestructurados y Biomodelación (MATBIOM), Universidad de Medellín, Medellín 050032, Colombia;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Tse RTH, Zhao H, Wong CYP, Chiu PKF, Teoh JYC, Ng CF. Current status of organoid culture in urological malignancy. Int J Urol 2021; 29:102-113. [PMID: 34643976 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Urological cancers are common malignancies worldwide. Several conventional models, for example, two-dimensional cell culture and animal models have been used for decades to study tumor genetics. Nonetheless, these methods have limitations in reflecting the real tumor microenvironment in vivo, thereby hindering the development of anti-cancer therapeutic agents. Recently, three-dimensional culture models have gained attention because they can overcome the drawbacks of traditional methods. Above all, three-dimensional organoid models are able to mimic the tumor microenvironment in human bodies more closely as they are able to demonstrate the interactions between cells and extracellular matrix. This type of model has therefore extended our understanding of urological cancers. Tumor cells in organoid models can also be co-cultured with other cellular components, such as peripheral blood lymphocytes, and allow further understanding of the effect of tumor microenvironments on tumor growth. Furthermore, organoid models allow a prolonged culturing period, therefore, tumor evolution, progression and maintenance can also be assessed. Organoid models can be derived from each specific patient, and this facilitates investigation of individual cancer-specific mutations and their subtypes. As a result, the development of personalized medication targeting the signaling pathways or biomolecules of interest will be possible. In the present review, we summarize the development and applications of three-dimensional organoid cultures in urological cancers, mainly focusing on prostate, urinary bladder and kidney cancers, and assess the future prospects of this model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Tsz-Hei Tse
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongda Zhao
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christine Yim-Ping Wong
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Ka-Fung Chiu
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Mehrotra D, Markus A. Emerging simulation technologies in global craniofacial surgical training. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:486-499. [PMID: 34345584 PMCID: PMC8319526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The last few decades have seen an exponential growth in the development and adoption of novel technologies in medical and surgical training of residents globally. Simulation is an active and innovative teaching method, and can be achieved via physical or digital models. Simulation allows the learners to repeatedly practice without the risk of causing any error in an actual patient and enhance their surgical skills and efficiency. Simulation may also allow the clinical instructor to objectively test the ability of the trainee to carry out the clinical procedure competently and independently prior to trainee's completion of the program. This review aims to explore the role of emerging simulation technologies globally in craniofacial training of students and residents in improving their surgical knowledge and skills. These technologies include 3D printed biomodels, virtual and augmented reality, use of google glass, hololens and haptic feedback, surgical boot camps, serious games and escape games and how they can be implemented in low and middle income countries. Craniofacial surgical training methods will probably go through a sea change in the coming years, with the integration of these new technologies in the surgical curriculum, allowing learning in a safe environment with a virtual patient, through repeated exercise. In future, it may also be used as an assessment tool to perform any specific procedure, without putting the actual patient on risk. Although these new technologies are being enthusiastically welcomed by the young surgeons, they should only be used as an addition to the actual curriculum and not as a replacement to the conventional tools, as the mentor-mentee relationship can never be replaced by any technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehrotra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery KGMU, Lucknow, India
| | - A.F. Markus
- Emeritus Consultant Maxillofacial Surgeon, Poole Hospital University of Bournemouth, University of Duisburg-Essen, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Selo MA, Sake JA, Kim KJ, Ehrhardt C. In vitro and ex vivo models in inhalation biopharmaceutical research - advances, challenges and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113862. [PMID: 34256080 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral inhalation results in pulmonary drug targeting and thereby reduces systemic side effects, making it the preferred means of drug delivery for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis. In addition, the high alveolar surface area, relatively low enzymatic activity and rich blood supply of the distal airspaces offer a promising pathway to the systemic circulation. This is particularly advantageous when a rapid onset of pharmacological action is desired or when the drug is suffering from stability issues or poor biopharmaceutical performance following oral administration. Several cell and tissue-based in vitro and ex vivo models have been developed over the years, with the intention to realistically mimic pulmonary biological barriers. It is the aim of this review to critically discuss the available models regarding their advantages and limitations and to elaborate further which biopharmaceutical questions can and cannot be answered using the existing models.
Collapse
|
122
|
Alfonsetti M, Castelli V, d'Angelo M, Benedetti E, Allegretti M, Barboni B, Cimini A. Looking for In Vitro Models for Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10334. [PMID: 34638674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retina is a layered structure of the eye, composed of different cellular components working together to produce a complex visual output. Because of its important role in visual function, retinal pathologies commonly represent the main causes of visual injury and blindness in the industrialized world. It is important to develop in vitro models of retinal diseases to use them in first screenings before translating in in vivo experiments and clinics. For this reason, it is important to develop bidimensional (2D) models that are more suitable for drug screening and toxicological studies and tridimensional (3D) models, which can replicate physiological conditions, for investigating pathological mechanisms leading to visual loss. This review provides an overview of the most common retinal diseases, relating to in vivo models, with a specific focus on alternative 2D and 3D in vitro models that can replicate the different cellular and matrix components of retinal layers, as well as injury insults that induce retinal disease and loss of the visual function.
Collapse
|
123
|
Abraham S, Jani G, Vinay V, Belcher W, Johnson A. A preliminary study to quantify the efficacy of 3D data acquisition for human bone replication. J Forensic Leg Med 2021; 83:102244. [PMID: 34438227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional imaging is a rapidly growing technology that has revealed exciting insights in disparate fields of research, especially in medicine, forensics, and archaeology. Recent advancements in this technology have also made a remarkable impact in the field of anthropology and odontology. A major benefit of this technology is that they offer effective methods of creating digital records that can aid in physical documentation and can be digitally stored for later assessment and research. AIM The aim of the current study is to evaluate the metric accuracy of 3D models generated using three different 3D acquisition techniques for performing metric analytical procedures. MATERIALS AND METHOD Twenty standard craniometric linear measurements (using both sliding and spreading callipers) were taken on two craniums and eight standard measurements were taken on 2 mandibles (using sliding callipers and a mandibulometer); these measurements were then replicated on 3D digital models. RESULTS Statistical analysis of these dataset using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni test suggested that the physical and virtual measurements were accurate, comparable, and concordant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings open up numerous avenues for future study, especially in the fields of forensics and clinical studies. However, in order to overcome the limitations faced in using the digital method certain standardised protocols and guidelines must be established to record these data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Abraham
- Laboratory of Forensic Odontology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gujarat, India.
| | - Gargi Jani
- Laboratory of Forensic Odontology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gujarat, India.
| | - Vineet Vinay
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College & Hospital, Pune, India.
| | - William Belcher
- Department of Anthropology, School of Global Integrative Studies, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA.
| | - Abraham Johnson
- Laboratory of Forensic Odontology, School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Ferrari R, Lachs L, Pygas DR, Humanes A, Sommer B, Figueira WF, Edwards AJ, Bythell JC, Guest JR. Photogrammetry as a tool to improve ecosystem restoration. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:1093-1101. [PMID: 34404550 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ecosystem restoration has been practiced for over a century and is increasingly supported by the emergent applied science of restoration ecology. A prerequisite for successful ecosystem restoration is determining meaningful and measurable goals. This requires tools to monitor success in a standardized way. Photogrammetry uses images to reconstruct landscapes and organisms in three dimensions, enabling non-invasive measurement of key success indicators with unprecedented accuracy. We propose photogrammetry can improve restoration success by: (i) facilitating measurable goals; (ii) innovating and standardizing indicators of success; and (iii) standardizing monitoring. While the case we present is specific to coral reefs, photogrammetry has enormous potential to improve restoration practice in a wide range of ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ferrari
- Australian Institute of Marine Sciences, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia.
| | - Liam Lachs
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Daniel R Pygas
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Adriana Humanes
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Brigitte Sommer
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Will F Figueira
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alasdair J Edwards
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - John C Bythell
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - James R Guest
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Edwards K, Yao S, Pisano S, Feltracco V, Brusehafer K, Samanta S, Oommen OP, Gazze SA, Paravati R, Maddison H, Li C, Gonzalez D, Conlan RS, Francis L. Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Nanomicelles Enhance SAHA Efficacy in 3D Endometrial Cancer Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4032. [PMID: 34439185 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One of the major limitations to cancer therapies are the side effects caused by the drug interacting with any tissue in the body. There is often a balance between patient health and effectively treating the disease. To by-pass this balancing act nanoparticles are being used to deliver therapeutics straight to the tumors, acting as “Trojan Horses”. Endometrial cancers are known to have more of the cell surface protein CD44 than healthy tissues. Here, to efficiently target endometrial cancer, hyaluronic acid, which naturally binds to the CD44 protein was attached to the surface of nanoparticles and tested on microtissues or spheroids to better model a tumor and understand drug delivery performance. We show that our hyaluronic acid-nanoparticle formulations improve drug effects and interact with the cancer cells more than without this targeting agent. Abstract Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes are upregulated in cancer leading to the development of HDAC inhibiting compounds, several of which are currently in clinical trials. Side effects associated with toxicity and non-specific targeting indicate the need for efficient drug delivery approaches and tumor specific targeting to enhance HDAC efficacy in solid tumor cancers. SAHA encapsulation within F127 micelles functionalized with a surface hyaluronic acid moiety, was developed to target endometrial cancer cells expressing elevated levels of CD44. In vitro viability and morphology analyses was conducted in both 2D and 3D models to assess the translational potential of this approach. Encapsulation enhanced SAHA delivery and activity, demonstrating increased cytotoxic efficacy in 2D and 3D endometrial cancer models. High-content imaging showed improved nanoparticle internalization in 2D and CD44 enhanced penetration in 3D models. In addition, the nano-delivery system enhanced spheroid penetration resulting in cell growth suppression, p21 associated cell cycle arrest, as well as overcoming the formation of an EMT associated phenotype observed in free drug treated type II endometrial cancer cells. This study demonstrates that targeted nanoparticle delivery of SAHA could provide the basis for improving its efficacy in endometrial cancer. Using 3D models for endometrial cancer allows the elucidation of nanoparticle performance and CD44 targeting, likely through penetration and retention within the tumor model.
Collapse
|
126
|
Pozzi S, Scomparin A, Israeli Dangoor S, Rodriguez Ajamil D, Ofek P, Neufeld L, Krivitsky A, Vaskovich-Koubi D, Kleiner R, Dey P, Koshrovski-Michael S, Reisman N, Satchi-Fainaro R. Meet me halfway: Are in vitro 3D cancer models on the way to replace in vivo models for nanomedicine development? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113760. [PMID: 33838208 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The complexity and diversity of the biochemical processes that occur during tumorigenesis and metastasis are frequently over-simplified in the traditional in vitro cell cultures. Two-dimensional cultures limit researchers' experimental observations and frequently give rise to misleading and contradictory results. Therefore, in order to overcome the limitations of in vitro studies and bridge the translational gap to in vivo applications, 3D models of cancer were developed in the last decades. The three dimensions of the tumor, including its cellular and extracellular microenvironment, are recreated by combining co-cultures of cancer and stromal cells in 3D hydrogel-based growth factors-inclusive scaffolds. More complex 3D cultures, containing functional blood vasculature, can integrate in the system external stimuli (e.g. oxygen and nutrient deprivation, cytokines, growth factors) along with drugs, or other therapeutic compounds. In this scenario, cell signaling pathways, metastatic cascade steps, cell differentiation and self-renewal, tumor-microenvironment interactions, and precision and personalized medicine, are among the wide range of biological applications that can be studied. Here, we discuss a broad variety of strategies exploited by scientists to create in vitro 3D cancer models that resemble as much as possible the biology and patho-physiology of in vivo tumors and predict faithfully the treatment outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Anna Scomparin
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Sahar Israeli Dangoor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Daniel Rodriguez Ajamil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Paula Ofek
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Lena Neufeld
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Adva Krivitsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Daniella Vaskovich-Koubi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ron Kleiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Pradip Dey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shani Koshrovski-Michael
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Noa Reisman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Jaiswal AA, Siddiqui HP, Samrit VD, Duggal R, Kharbanda OP, Rajeswari MR. Comparison of the efficacy of two-time versus one-time micro-osteoperforation on maxillary canine retraction in orthodontic patients: A split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial. Int Orthod 2021; 19:415-424. [PMID: 34281788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro-osteoperforation (MOP), a minimally invasive technique for accelerating the rate of orthodontic tooth movement has been research extensively, but with varied clinical results. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of one-time versus two-time micro-osteoperforation on the rate of maxillary canine retraction, its influence on anchorage loss, canine angulation and the levels of interleukin (IL-1β) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). MATERIALS AND METHODS The split-mouth study included 16 patients in which the left and right sides were randomly allocated to the control side (one-time MOP) and experimental side (two-time MOP). MOP was performed on both sides distal to the maxillary canines and canine retraction was carried out using NiTi closed coil springs (150gm) and direct anchorage with miniscrew implants. The second MOP was performed on experimental side one month after the first MOP. The rate of canine movement was assessed using 3D model superimposition over a period of six months. The type of tooth movement, anchorage loss and levels of IL-1β were also evaluated. RESULTS Sixteen patients (mean age, 17.87±3.34 years) were analysed for a rate of canine retraction, anchorage loss, and type of tooth movement, while 15 patients were analysed for IL-1β. The rate was significantly higher on two-time MOP side after two months (P<0.001). No statistical difference was found in anchorage loss and controlled tipping of canines was observed. The IL-1β levels immediately after 2nd MOP were significantly higher than 1st MOP (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The two-time intervention of MOP is more efficacious than one-time MOP in accelerating tooth movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet A Jaiswal
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Hamza Parvez Siddiqui
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vilas D Samrit
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ritu Duggal
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Om Prakash Kharbanda
- Dr CG Pandit National Chair of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Department of Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Moganty R Rajeswari
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Palano G, Foinquinos A, Müllers E. In vitro Assays and Imaging Methods for Drug Discovery for Cardiac Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:697270. [PMID: 34305651 PMCID: PMC8298031 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.697270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of stress, injury, or aging, cardiac fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components resulting in pathological remodeling, tissue stiffening, ventricular dilatation, and cardiac dysfunction that contribute to heart failure (HF) and eventually death. Currently, there are no effective therapies specifically targeting cardiac fibrosis, partially due to limited understanding of the pathological mechanisms and the lack of predictive in vitro models for high-throughput screening of antifibrotic compounds. The use of more relevant cell models, three-dimensional (3D) models, and coculture systems, together with high-content imaging (HCI) and machine learning (ML)-based image analysis, is expected to improve predictivity and throughput of in vitro models for cardiac fibrosis. In this review, we present an overview of available in vitro assays for cardiac fibrosis. We highlight the potential of more physiological 3D cardiac organoids and coculture systems and discuss HCI and automated artificial intelligence (AI)-based image analysis as key methods able to capture the complexity of cardiac fibrosis in vitro. As 3D and coculture models will soon be sufficiently mature for application in large-scale preclinical drug discovery, we expect the combination of more relevant models and high-content analysis to greatly increase translation from in vitro to in vivo models and facilitate the discovery of novel targets and drugs against cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Palano
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ariana Foinquinos
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Müllers
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Parente R, Possetti V, Schiavone ML, Campodoni E, Menale C, Loppini M, Doni A, Bottazzi B, Mantovani A, Sandri M, Tampieri A, Sobacchi C, Inforzato A. 3D Cocultures of Osteoblasts and Staphylococcus aureus on Biomimetic Bone Scaffolds as a Tool to Investigate the Host-Pathogen Interface in Osteomyelitis. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070837. [PMID: 34357987 PMCID: PMC8308613 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis (OM) is an infectious disease of the bone primarily caused by the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (SA). This Gram-positive bacterium has evolved a number of strategies to evade the immune response and subvert bone homeostasis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. OM has been modeled in vitro to challenge pathogenetic hypotheses in controlled conditions, thus providing guidance and support to animal experimentation. In this regard, traditional 2D models of OM inherently lack the spatial complexity of bone architecture. Three-dimensional models of the disease overcome this limitation; however, they poorly reproduce composition and texture of the natural bone. Here, we developed a new 3D model of OM based on cocultures of SA and murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells on magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite/collagen I (MgHA/Col) scaffolds that closely recapitulate the bone extracellular matrix. In this model, matrix-dependent effects were observed in proliferation, gene transcription, protein expression, and cell–matrix interactions both of the osteoblastic cell line and of bacterium. Additionally, these had distinct metabolic and gene expression profiles, compared to conventional 2D settings, when grown on MgHA/Col scaffolds in separate monocultures. Our study points to MgHA/Col scaffolds as biocompatible and bioactive matrices and provides a novel and close-to-physiology tool to address the pathogenetic mechanisms of OM at the host–pathogen interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Parente
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (R.P.); (V.P.); (M.L.S.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (B.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Valentina Possetti
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (R.P.); (V.P.); (M.L.S.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (B.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Lucia Schiavone
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (R.P.); (V.P.); (M.L.S.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (B.B.); (A.M.)
- National Research Council-Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (CNR-IRGB), Milan Unit, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Campodoni
- National Research Council-Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (CNR-ISTEC), 48018 Faenza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Ciro Menale
- National Research Council-Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (CNR-IRGB), Milan Unit, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mattia Loppini
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (R.P.); (V.P.); (M.L.S.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (B.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Andrea Doni
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (R.P.); (V.P.); (M.L.S.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (B.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Barbara Bottazzi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (R.P.); (V.P.); (M.L.S.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (B.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (R.P.); (V.P.); (M.L.S.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (B.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Monica Sandri
- National Research Council-Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (CNR-ISTEC), 48018 Faenza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Anna Tampieri
- National Research Council-Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (CNR-ISTEC), 48018 Faenza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.S.); (A.T.)
- National Research Council-Institute of Nanostructured Material (CNR-ISMN), 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Sobacchi
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (R.P.); (V.P.); (M.L.S.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (B.B.); (A.M.)
- National Research Council-Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (CNR-IRGB), Milan Unit, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (A.I.); Tel.: +39-028-224-5153 (C.S.); +39-028-224-5132 (A.I.)
| | - Antonio Inforzato
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (R.P.); (V.P.); (M.L.S.); (M.L.); (A.D.); (B.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (A.I.); Tel.: +39-028-224-5153 (C.S.); +39-028-224-5132 (A.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Mahrous A, Elgreatly A, Qian F, Schneider GB. A comparison of pre-clinical instructional technologies: Natural teeth, 3D models, 3D printing, and augmented reality. J Dent Educ 2021; 85:1795-1801. [PMID: 34216032 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To assess student perceptions on learning dental anatomy using natural extracted teeth, 3D printed models, 3D virtual models, and augmented reality (AR) technology. METHODS: Eighty first-year dental students enrolled in the dental anatomy course were instructed to examine four stations. The stations included four versions of a mandibular first molar: an extracted natural tooth, a 3D printed model, a 3D virtual model, and a model displayed on a novel AR device. After examining all stations, the students were asked to complete an electronic survey. Bivariate analysis was performed to determine whether students' perceptions are related to their demographic characteristics and technological experience with computer use, 3D modeling, and video games. RESULTS: Seventy students completed the survey (87.5% response rate). Students rated natural teeth to have the highest educational value, the 3D printed tooth to be the most accessible, and the AR application to be the most interesting modality. Students who played little to no video games were more likely to rate AR as high educational value (48.8% vs. 10.3%; p < 0.001), while students with little 3D modeling experience were more likely to rate high accessibility of the 3D Model (78.1% vs. 48.3%; p < 0.001). No statistically significant associations between the perceptions and students' demographic characteristics or use of computer were noted. CONCLUSION The natural extracted tooth was rated highest in educational value, while the 3D printed model was rated easiest to use, and the AR model was the most interesting to the students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mahrous
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amira Elgreatly
- Department of Operative dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Fang Qian
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Galen B Schneider
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Borics G, Lerf V, T-Krasznai E, Stanković I, Pickó L, Béres V, Várbíró G. Biovolume and surface area calculations for microalgae, using realistic 3D models. Sci Total Environ 2021; 773:145538. [PMID: 33592473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Morphology and spatial dimensions of microalgal units (cells or colonies) are among the most relevant traits of planktic algae, which have a pronounced impact on their basic functional properties, like access to nutrients or light, the velocity of sinking or tolerance to grazing. Although the shape of algae can be approximated by geometric forms and thus, their volume and surface area can be calculated, this approach cannot be validated and might have uncertainties especially in the case of complicated forms. In this study, we report on a novel approach that uses real-like 3D mesh objects to visualize microalgae and calculates their volume and surface area. Knowing these dimensions and their intraspecific variabilities, we calculated specific shape and surface area constants for more than 300 forms, covering more than two thousand taxa. Using these constants, the accurate volume and surface area can be quickly computed for each taxon and having these values, morphology-related metrics like surface area/volume ratio, the diameter of spherical equivalent can also be given quickly and accurately. Besides their practical importance, the volume and surface area constants can be considered as size-independent morphological traits that are characteristic for the microalgal shapes, and provide new possibilities of data analyses in the field of phytoplankton ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Borics
- Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Department of Tisza Research, 18/c Bem square, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Verona Lerf
- Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Department of Tisza Research, 18/c Bem square, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Enikő T-Krasznai
- Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Department of Tisza Research, 18/c Bem square, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Igor Stanković
- Hrvatske vode, Central Water Management Laboratory, Ulica grada Vukovara 220, Hr-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Levente Pickó
- Mediakreator Ltd., 22 Csóka str., H-7635 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Béres
- Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Department of Tisza Research, 18/c Bem square, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Várbíró
- Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Institute, Department of Tisza Research, 18/c Bem square, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Liverani C, De Vita A, Spadazzi C, Miserocchi G, Cocchi C, Bongiovanni A, De Lucia A, La Manna F, Fabbri F, Tebaldi M, Amadori D, Tasciotti E, Martinelli G, Mercatali L, Ibrahim T. Lineage-specific mechanisms and drivers of breast cancer chemoresistance revealed by 3D biomimetic culture. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:921-939. [PMID: 34109737 PMCID: PMC8847989 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the success rate of current preclinical drug trials, there is a growing need for more complex and relevant models that can help predict clinical resistance to anticancer agents. Here, we present a three‐dimensional (3D) technology, based on biomimetic collagen scaffolds, that enables the modeling of the tumor hypoxic state and the prediction of in vivo chemotherapy responses in terms of efficacy, molecular alterations, and emergence of resistance mechanisms. The human breast cancer cell lines MDA‐MB‐231 (triple negative) and MCF‐7 (luminal A) were treated with scaling doses of doxorubicin in monolayer cultures, 3D collagen scaffolds, or orthotopically transplanted murine models. Lineage‐specific resistance mechanisms were revealed by the 3D tumor model. Reduced drug uptake, increased drug efflux, and drug lysosomal confinement were observed in triple‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 cells. In luminal A MCF‐7 cells, the selection of a drug‐resistant subline from parental cells with deregulation of p53 pathways occurred. These cells were demonstrated to be insensitive to DNA damage. Transcriptome analysis was carried out to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in treated cells. DEG evaluation in breast cancer patients demonstrated their potential role as predictive biomarkers. High expression of the transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) and the tumor protein p53‐inducible protein 3 (TP53I3) was associated with shorter relapse in patients affected by ER+ breast tumor. Likewise, the same clinical outcome was associated with high expression of the lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 1 LAMP1 in triple‐negative breast cancer. Hypoxia inhibition by resveratrol treatment was found to partially re‐sensitize cells to doxorubicin treatment. Our model might improve preclinical in vitro analysis for the translation of anticancer compounds as it provides: (a) more accurate data on drug efficacy and (b) enhanced understanding of resistance mechanisms and molecular drivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Liverani
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Vita
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Chiara Spadazzi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giacomo Miserocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Claudia Cocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alberto Bongiovanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna De Lucia
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Federico La Manna
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesco Fabbri
- Bioscience Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Michela Tebaldi
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Dino Amadori
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute (HMRI), TX, USA.,IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome Sclavo Research Center, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Franchi-Mendes T, Lopes N, Brito C. Heterotypic Tumor Spheroids in Agitation-Based Cultures: A Scaffold-Free Cell Model That Sustains Long-Term Survival of Endothelial Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:649949. [PMID: 34178955 PMCID: PMC8219978 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.649949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment, playing key roles in tumor development and progression that span from angiogenesis to immune regulation and drug resistance. Heterotypic tumor spheroids are one of the most widely used in vitro tumor microenvironment models, presenting improved recapitulation of tumor microenvironments compared to 2D cultures, in a simple and low-cost setup. Heterotypic tumor spheroid models incorporating endothelial cells have been proposed but present multiple limitations, such as the short culture duration typically obtained, the use of animal-derived matrices, and poor reproducibility; the diversity of culture conditions employed hinders comparison between studies and standardization of relevant culture parameters. Herein, we developed long-term cultures of triple heterotypic spheroids composed of the HCC1954 tumor cell line, human fibroblasts, and ECs. We explored culture parameters potentially relevant for EC maintenance, such as tumor cell line, seeding cell number, cell ratio, and agitation vs. static culture. In HCC1954-based spheroids, we observed maintenance of viable EC for up to 1 month of culture in agitation, with retention of the identity markers CD31 and von Willebrand factor. At the optimized tumor cell:fibroblast:EC ratio of 1:3:10, HCC1954-based spheroids had a higher EC area/total spheroid area at 1 month of culture than the other cell ratios tested. EC maintenance was tumor cell line-dependent, and in HCC1954-based spheroids it was also dependent on the presence of fibroblasts and agitation. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) supplementation was not required for maintenance of EC, as the factor was endogenously produced. ECs co-localized with fibroblasts, which accumulated preferentially in the core of the spheroids and secreted EC-relevant extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen I and IV. This simple model setup does not rely on artificial or animal-derived scaffolds and can serve as a useful tool to explore the culture parameters influencing heterotypic spheroids, contributing to model standardization, as well as to explore molecular cross talk of ECs within the tumor microenvironment, and potentially its effects on drug response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Franchi-Mendes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lopes
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Roscian M, Herrel A, Cornette R, Delapré A, Cherel Y, Rouget I. Underwater photogrammetry for close-range 3D imaging of dry-sensitive objects: The case study of cephalopod beaks. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7730-7742. [PMID: 34188847 PMCID: PMC8216959 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Technical advances in 3D imaging have contributed to quantifying and understanding biological variability and complexity. However, small, dry-sensitive objects are not easy to reconstruct using common and easily available techniques such as photogrammetry, surface scanning, or micro-CT scanning. Here, we use cephalopod beaks as an example as their size, thickness, transparency, and dry-sensitive nature make them particularly challenging. We developed a new, underwater, photogrammetry protocol in order to add these types of biological structures to the panel of photogrammetric possibilities.We used a camera with a macrophotography mode in a waterproof housing fixed in a tank with clear water. The beak was painted and fixed on a colored rotating support. Three angles of view, two acquisitions, and around 300 pictures per specimen were taken in order to reconstruct a full 3D model. These models were compared with others obtained with micro-CT scanning to verify their accuracy.The models can be obtained quickly and cheaply compared with micro-CT scanning and have sufficient precision for quantitative interspecific morphological analyses. Our work shows that underwater photogrammetry is a fast, noninvasive, efficient, and accurate way to reconstruct 3D models of dry-sensitive objects while conserving their shape. While the reconstruction of the shape is accurate, some internal parts cannot be reconstructed with photogrammetry as they are not visible. In contrast, these structures are visible using reconstructions based on micro-CT scanning. The mean difference between both methods is very small (10-5 to 10-4 mm) and is significantly lower than differences between meshes of different individuals.This photogrammetry protocol is portable, easy-to-use, fast, and reproducible. Micro-CT scanning, in contrast, is time-consuming, expensive, and nonportable. This protocol can be applied to reconstruct the 3D shape of many other dry-sensitive objects such as shells of shellfish, cartilage, plants, and other chitinous materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Roscian
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie‐Paris (CR2P)Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (Mecadev)Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCNRSBâtiment d'Anatomie ComparéeParisFrance
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (Mecadev)Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCNRSBâtiment d'Anatomie ComparéeParisFrance
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB)Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversité des AntillesParisFrance
| | - Arnaud Delapré
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB)Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversité des AntillesParisFrance
| | - Yves Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de ChizéUMR7372CNRS‐La Rochelle UniversitéVilliers‐en‐BoisFrance
| | - Isabelle Rouget
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie‐Paris (CR2P)Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Jain P, Nishiguchi A, Linz G, Wessling M, Ludwig A, Rossaint R, Möller M, Singh S. Reconstruction of Ultra-thin Alveolar-capillary Basement Membrane Mimics. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000427. [PMID: 33987968 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar-capillary basement membrane (BM) is ultra-thin (<2 µm) extracellular matrix that maintains integral epithelial-endothelial cell layers. In vitro reconstructions of alveolar-capillary barrier supported on synthetic scaffolds closely resembling the fibrous and ultra-thin natural BM are essential in mimicking the lung pathophysiology. Although BM topology and dimensions are well known to significantly influence cellular behavior, conventionally used BM mimics fail to recreate this natural niche. To overcome this, electrospun ultra-thin 2 µm poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous mesh is used to establish an alveolar-capillary barrier model of lung endothelial/epithelial cells. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability studies reveal integral tight junctions and improved mass transport through the highly porous PCL meshes compared to conventional dense membranes with etched pores. The chemotaxis of neutrophils is shown across the barrier in presence of inflammatory response that is naturally impeded in confined regions. Conventional requirement of 3 µm or larger pore size can lead to barrier disruption due to epithelial/endothelial cell invasion. Despite high porosity, the interconnected BM mimic prevents barrier disruption and allows neutrophil transmigration, thereby demonstrating the physiological relevance of the thin nanofibrous meshes. It is envisioned that these bipolar cultured barriers would contribute to an organ-level in vitro model for pathological disease, environmental pollutants, and nanotoxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puja Jain
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Akihiro Nishiguchi
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany.,Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Georg Linz
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany.,Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany.,Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Smriti Singh
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Medical Research (MPImF), Jahnstrasse 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Iaia I, Gammaitoni L, Cattaneo G, Giraudo L, Donini C, Fiorino E, Primo L, Carnevale-Schianca F, Aglietta M, Puliafito A, Sangiolo D. Recruitment, Infiltration, and Cytotoxicity of HLA-Independent Killer Lymphocytes in Three-Dimensional Melanoma Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2302. [PMID: 34065007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Limited therapeutic results of immune checkpoint inhibitors in definite tumor settings, such as melanoma, call for alternative or complementary approaches. Among these, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) by means of HLA-independent tumor killer lymphocytes is a promising approach. We aimed at developing a pre-clinical 3D model to investigate and visualize the interaction between tumor and immune effectors in melanoma. To this aim, we employed Cytokine-Induced Killer cells (CIK) and NK-92 on patient-derived melanoma samples. By means of imaging-based methods, we measured the effector recruitment on the 3D targets, their infiltration, and cytotoxic activity. Our results and methodologies can be easily generalized to other effectors and other classes of tumors and help elucidate fundamental questions on the basic biology and kinetics of immune effector recruitment in a realistic 3D setting mimicking a solid tumor. Abstract Cancer adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with HLA-independent tumor killer lymphocytes is a promising approach, with intrinsic features potentially addressing crucial tumor-escape mechanisms of checkpoint inhibitors. Cytokine-induced Killer (CIK) and Natural Killer (NK) lymphocytes share similar tumor-killing mechanisms, with preclinical evidence of intense activity against multiple solid tumors and currently testing in clinical studies. To improve the effective clinical translation of such ACT approaches, several fundamental questions still need to be addressed within appropriate preclinical contexts, capable of overcoming limitations imposed by most traditional two-dimensional assays. Here, we developed a novel experimental approach to explore, dissect, and visualize the interactions of CIK and NK lymphocytes with melanoma tumors in vitro in 3D. Primary melanoma cells were assembled into small tumors that were dispersed in a 3D matrix and challenged with patient-derived CIK or the NK-92 cell line. By means of imaging-based methods, we reported, visualized, and quantitatively measured the recruitment of CIK and NK on the 3D targets, their infiltration, and cytotoxic activity. Our results support the effective tumor recruitment and tumor infiltration by CIK and NK. Such features appeared dependent on the specific geometric aspects of the environment but can be explained in terms of directional migration toward the tumor, without invoking major feedback components. Overall, our 3D platform allows us to monitor the processes of tumor recruitment, infiltration, and killing by means of live measurements, revealing important kinetic aspects of ACT with CIK and NK against melanoma.
Collapse
|
137
|
Delplace V, Boutet MA, Le Visage C, Maugars Y, Guicheux J, Vinatier C. Osteoarthritis: From upcoming treatments to treatments yet to come. Joint Bone Spine 2021; 88:105206. [PMID: 33962030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, and its prevalence is constantly increasing. While there is currently no treatment that can alter the course of the disease, promising therapeutic strategies and novel targets are being investigated. Innovative cell therapies are already reaching clinical trials, and recent progress in our understanding of the disease is opening new routes for gene therapy. In the long term, the development of new biofabrication tools, such as 3D bioprinting, may pave the way for personalized mini-joint models that could be used to screen drugs and to personalize treatments. This review provides an overview of the most promising therapeutic approaches in the field of osteoarthritis, from upcoming treatments to those that are yet to be discovered.
Collapse
|
138
|
Sidhu VS, Cheng TL, Lillia J, Bridge C, Little DG, Gray RJ. 3D printed models can guide safe halo pin placement in patients with diastrophic dysplasia. Spine Deform 2021; 9:841-849. [PMID: 33464553 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-020-00269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To trial the use of three-dimensional (3D) printed skull models to guide safe pin placement in two patients with diastrophic dysplasia (DTD) requiring prolonged pre-fusion halo-gravity traction (HGT). METHODS Two sisters aged 8 (ML) and 4 (BL) with DTD were planned for staged fusion for progressive kyphoscoliosis. Both sisters were admitted for pre-fusion HGT. Models of their skulls were generated from computer tomography (CT) scans using Mimics Innovation Suite and printed on a Guider II in polylactic acid. The 3D models were cut axially proximal to the skull equator, in-line where pins are usually inserted, allowing identification of the thickest skull portion to guide pin placement. RESULTS Eight pins were inserted into each patient's skull. Postoperative CT scans demonstrated adequate pin position. Pre-traction Cobb angles were 122° and 128° for ML and BL, improving to 83° and 86° following traction. Duration of HGT was 182 and 238 days for ML and BL. Prior to fusion, both patients returned to theatre twice for exchange of loose pins and there was one incidence of pin site infection. Surgery was performed via a posterior instrumented fusion. Postoperatively, both patients remained in their halos for 3 months. One pin in BL was removed for loosening. Both patients achieved fusion union by 9 months. CONCLUSION 3D models of the skull can be a useful tool to guide safe pin placement in patients with skeletal dysplasias, who require prolonged pre-fusion HGT for severe deformity correction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verinder S Sidhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Tegan L Cheng
- EPIC Lab, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathon Lillia
- EPIC Lab, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Corinne Bridge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David G Little
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- EPIC Lab, Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Randolph J Gray
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
139
|
Pape J, Emberton M, Cheema U. 3D Cancer Models: The Need for a Complex Stroma, Compartmentalization and Stiffness. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:660502. [PMID: 33912551 PMCID: PMC8072339 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.660502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of tissue-engineered 3D models of cancer has grown in popularity with recent advances in the field of cancer research. 3D models are inherently more biomimetic compared to 2D cell monolayers cultured on tissue-culture plastic. Nevertheless 3D models still lack the cellular and matrix complexity of native tissues. This review explores different 3D models currently used, outlining their benefits and limitations. Specifically, this review focuses on stiffness and collagen density, compartmentalization, tumor-stroma cell population and extracellular matrix composition. Furthermore, this review explores the methods utilized in different models to directly measure cancer invasion and growth. Of the models evaluated, with PDX and in vivo as a relative "gold standard", tumoroids were deemed as comparable 3D cancer models with a high degree of biomimicry, in terms of stiffness, collagen density and the ability to compartmentalize the tumor and stroma. Future 3D models for different cancer types are proposed in order to improve the biomimicry of cancer models used for studying disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Pape
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Targeted Intervention, Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Emberton
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Umber Cheema
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Targeted Intervention, Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Rosen D, Nesic O. A Novel Approach to Design 3D Models in Medical Education. Med Sci Educ 2021; 31:317-318. [PMID: 33777487 PMCID: PMC7983107 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-021-01262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this paper, we describe a novel process for creating high-resolution, 3D PDF, 3D printed, and holographic anatomic and pathology models using inexpensive consumer grade electronics, which can be incorporated in any undergraduate or graduate medical school curriculum. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-021-01262-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rosen
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX USA
- University of Houston College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Olivera Nesic
- University of Houston College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Orsolits B, Kovács Z, Kriston-Vizi J, Merkely B, Földes G. New Modalities of 3D Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Assays in Cardiovascular Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:603016. [PMID: 33854431 PMCID: PMC8039822 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.603016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The substantial progress of the human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technologies over the last decade has provided us with new opportunities for cardiovascular drug discovery, regenerative medicine, and disease modeling. The combination of hiPSC with 3D culture techniques offers numerous advantages for generating and studying physiological and pathophysiological cardiac models. Cells grown in 3D can overcome many limitations of 2D cell cultures and animal models. Furthermore, it enables the investigation in an architecturally appropriate, complex cellular environment in vitro. Yet, generation and study of cardiac organoids-which may contain versatile cardiovascular cell types differentiated from hiPSC-remain a challenge. The large-scale and high-throughput applications require accurate and standardised models with highly automated processes in culturing, imaging and data collection. Besides the compound spatial structure of organoids, their biological processes also possess different temporal dynamics which require other methods and technologies to detect them. In this review, we summarise the possibilities and challenges of acquiring relevant information from 3D cardiovascular models. We focus on the opportunities during different time-scale processes in dynamic pharmacological experiments and discuss the putative steps toward one-size-fits-all assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Orsolits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Kovács
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Kriston-Vizi
- Bioinformatics Image Core (BIONIC), MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Földes
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Experimental and Translational Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Abstract
Skin is a rather complex, yet useful organ of our body. Besides, skin aging is a complicated process that gains a growing interest as mediates many molecular processes in our body. Thus, an efficient skin model is important to understand skin aging function as well as to develop an effective innovative product for skin aging treatment. In this mini review, we present in vitro methods for assessments of skin aging in an attempt to pinpoint basic molecular mechanisms behind this process achieving both a better understanding of aging function and an effective evaluation of potential products or ingredients that counteract aging. Specifically, this study presents in vitro assays such as 2D or 3D skin models, to evaluate skin aging-related processes such as skin moisturization, photoaging, wound healing, menopause, and skin microbiome as novel efforts in the designing of efficacy assessments in the development of skincare products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Letsiou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Research and Development Department, APIVITA S.A., Industrial Park of Markopoulo Mesogaias, Markopoulo Attiki, 19003, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
143
|
Ozer MA, Uguz A, Unalp OV, Coker A, Govsa F, Guler E, Bati AH, Pinar Y. Perceptions of porta-celiac vascular models for hepatic surgery and their use in residency training. Surg Radiol Anat 2021; 43:1359-71. [PMID: 33677685 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-021-02724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary aspect of hepatic navigation surgery is the identification of source vascular details to preserve healthy liver which has a vascular anatomy quite challenging for the young surgeons. The purpose was to determine whether three-dimensional (3D) vascular pattern models of preoperative computed tomography (CT) images will assist resident-level trainees for hepatic surgery. METHODS This study was based on the perception of residents who were presented with 5 different hepatic source vascular patterns and required to compare their perception level of CT, and 1:1 models in terms of importance of variability, differential of patterns and preoperative planning. RESULTS All residents agree that models provided better understanding of vascular source and improved preplanning. Five stations provided qualitative assessment with results showing the usefulness of porta-celiac models when used as anatomical tools in preplanning (p = 0.04), simulation of interventional procedures (p = 0.02), surgical education (p = 0.01). None of the cases had scored less than 8.5. Responses related to understanding variations were significantly higher in the perception of the 3D model in all cases, furthermore 3D models were more useful for seniors in more complex cases 3 and 5. Some open-ended answers: "The 3D model can completely change the operation plan" One of the major factors for anatomical resection of liver transplantation is the positional relationship between the hepatic arteries and the portal veins. CONCLUSION The plastic-like material presenting the hepatic vascularity enables the visualization of the origin, pattern, shape, and angle of the branches with appropriate spatial perception thus making it well-structured.
Collapse
|
144
|
Locquet MA, Dechaume AL, Berchard P, Abbes L, Pissaloux D, Tirode F, Ramos I, Bedoucha J, Valantin J, Karanian M, Perret R, Gille O, Blay JY, Dutour A. Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, a Therapeutic Target in Chordoma: Analysis in 3D Cellular Models. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020399. [PMID: 33672032 PMCID: PMC7919493 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chordomas are rare, slow-growing tumors of the axial skeleton. These tumors are locally aggressive and refractory to conventional therapies. Radical surgery and radiation remain the first-line treatments. Despite these aggressive treatments, chordomas often recur and second-line treatment options are limited. The mechanisms underlying chordoma radioresistance remain unknown, although several radioresistant cancer cells have been shown to respond favorably to aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibition. The study of chordoma has been delayed by small patient cohorts and few available models due to the scarcity of these tumors. We thus created cellular 3D models of chordoma by using low-adherence culture systems. Then, we evaluated their radiosensitivity using colony-forming and spheroid size assays. Finally, we determined whether pharmacologically inhibiting ALDH increased their radiosensitivity. We found that 3D cellular models of chordoma (derived from primary, relapse, and metastatic tumors) reproduce the histological and gene expression features of the disease. The metastatic, relapse, and primary spheroids displayed high, medium, and low radioresistance, respectively. Moreover, inhibiting ALDH decreased the radioresistance in all three models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Anaïs Locquet
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
| | - Anne-Lise Dechaume
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
| | - Paul Berchard
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
| | - Lhorra Abbes
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
| | - Daniel Pissaloux
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008 Lyon, France;
- Team Genetics, Epigenetics and Biology of Sarcomas, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008 Lyon, France; (F.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Franck Tirode
- Team Genetics, Epigenetics and Biology of Sarcomas, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008 Lyon, France; (F.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Inès Ramos
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
| | - Julie Bedoucha
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
| | - Julie Valantin
- Research Pathology Platform, Department of Translational Research and Innovation, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008 Lyon, France;
- Fondation Synergie Lyon Cancer, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Marie Karanian
- Department of Biopathology, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008 Lyon, France;
- Team Genetics, Epigenetics and Biology of Sarcomas, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008 Lyon, France; (F.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Raul Perret
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Olivier Gille
- Orthopedic Spinal Surgery Unit 1, Bordeaux University Hospital, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Centre Leon Berard, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Dutour
- Team Cell Death and Pediatric Cancer, Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, INSERM1052, CNRS5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (M.-A.L.); (A.-L.D.); (P.B.); (L.A.); (I.R.); (J.B.); (J.-Y.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Creff J, Malaquin L, Besson A. In vitro models of intestinal epithelium: Toward bioengineered systems. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:2041731420985202. [PMID: 34104387 PMCID: PMC8164551 DOI: 10.1177/2041731420985202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium, the fastest renewing tissue in human, is a complex
tissue hosting multiple cell types with a dynamic and multiparametric
microenvironment, making it particularly challenging to recreate in
vitro. Convergence of recent advances in cellular biology and
microfabrication technologies have led to the development of various
bioengineered systems to model and study the intestinal epithelium. Theses
microfabricated in vitro models may constitute an alternative
to current approaches for studying the fundamental mechanisms governing
intestinal homeostasis and pathologies, as well as for in vitro
drug screening and testing. Herein, we review the recent advances in
bioengineered in vitro intestinal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Creff
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse Cedex, France.,LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Arnaud Besson
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Tang M, Rich JN, Chen S. Biomaterials and 3D Bioprinting Strategies to Model Glioblastoma and the Blood-Brain Barrier. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2004776. [PMID: 33326131 PMCID: PMC7854518 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and lethal adult primary central nervous system cancer. An immunosuppresive and highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment, restricted delivery of chemotherapy or immunotherapy through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), together with the brain's unique biochemical and anatomical features result in its universal recurrence and poor prognosis. As conventional models fail to predict therapeutic efficacy in GBM, in vitro 3D models of GBM and BBB leveraging patient- or healthy-individual-derived cells and biomaterials through 3D bioprinting technologies potentially mimic essential physiological and pathological features of GBM and BBB. 3D-bioprinted constructs enable investigation of cellular and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in a species-matched, high-throughput, and reproducible manner, serving as screening or drug delivery platforms. Here, an overview of current 3D-bioprinted GBM and BBB models is provided, elaborating on the microenvironmental compositions of GBM and BBB, relevant biomaterials to mimic the native tissues, and bioprinting strategies to implement the model fabrication. Collectively, 3D-bioprinted GBM and BBB models are promising systems and biomimetic alternatives to traditional models for more reliable mechanistic studies and preclinical drug screenings that may eventually accelerate the drug development process for GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Rienzo M, Sorrentino A, Di Zazzo E, Di Donato M, Carafa V, Marino MM, De Rosa C, Gazzerro P, Castoria G, Altucci L, Casamassimi A, Abbondanza C. Searching for a Putative Mechanism of RIZ2 Tumor-Promoting Function in Cancer Models. Front Oncol 2021; 10:583533. [PMID: 33585202 PMCID: PMC7880127 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.583533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive Regulatory Domain (PRDM) gene family members commonly express two main molecular variants, the PR-plus isoform usually acting as tumor suppressor and the PR-minus one functioning as oncogene. Accordingly, PRDM2/RIZ encodes for RIZ1 (PR-plus) and RIZ2 (PR-minus). In human cancers, genetic or epigenetic modifications induce RIZ1 silencing with an expression level imbalance in favor of RIZ2 that could be relevant for tumorigenesis. Additionally, in estrogen target cells and tissues, estradiol increases RIZ2 expression level with concurrent increase of cell proliferation and survival. Several attempts to study RIZ2 function in HeLa or MCF-7 cells by its over-expression were unsuccessful. Thus, we over-expressed RIZ2 in HEK-293 cells, which are both RIZ1 and RIZ2 positive but unresponsive to estrogens. The forced RIZ2 expression increased cell viability and growth, prompted the G2-to-M phase transition and organoids formation. Accordingly, microarray analysis revealed that RIZ2 regulates several genes involved in mitosis. Consistently, RIZ silencing in both estrogen-responsive MCF-7 and -unresponsive MDA-MB-231 cells induced a reduction of cell proliferation and an increase of apoptosis rate. Our findings add novel insights on the putative RIZ2 tumor-promoting functions, although additional attempts are warranted to depict the underlying molecular mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rienzo
- Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Sorrentino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Marzia Di Donato
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Marino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina De Rosa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Castoria
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Casamassimi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Abbondanza
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
148
|
Li DX, Ead MS, Duke KK, Jaremko JL, Westover L. Quantitative analysis of regional specific pelvic symmetry. Med Biol Eng Comput 2021; 59:369-381. [PMID: 33452611 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-020-02296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding bilateral pelvic symmetry can be useful for analyzing complex pelvis anatomy and simplifying difficult procedures for pelvic fractures. This paper aims to quantify the degree of regional pelvic symmetry using computer-based methods. CT scans of 30 intact pelvises were digitized into 3D models and regions were defined: the ilium, acetabulum, pubis, and ischium. The right hemipelvis was aligned with the left, and deviations between the two models were quantified using method 1 (global registration) and method 2 (local registration). Symmetry was evaluated using the root mean square (RMS) of the deviations and the percentage of points within preset thresholds of ± 2 mm and ± 1 mm. The results showed that > 86% of points are within the ± 2 mm deviation threshold and average RMS are < 1.33 mm. For all regions, method 2 showed lower deviations than method 1. The pubis and ischium regions showed a large difference in symmetry between the two methods indicating high local symmetry, but a degree of global asymmetry. Conversely, the acetabular and iliac regions showed similar levels of symmetry with the two methods. When evaluated locally, the pelvic regions can be considered highly symmetric; the acetabulum is highly symmetric globally as well. These findings can be used in future studies to assess the feasibility of patient-specific implants using the mirrored contralateral hemipelvis as a template for unilateral pelvic fracture fixation. The left image shows the "cut planes" used to define four pelvic regions: the ilium, acetabulum, pubis, and ischium. The right image shows a deviation color map (DCM) used to quantify bilateral pelvic symmetry. The scale and color illustrate the degree of deviation of the left hemipelvis with the right hemipelvis with the units in millimeters (mm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Xinzheyang Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
| | - Maha S Ead
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Kajsa K Duke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jacob L Jaremko
- Department of Radiology & Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Lindsey Westover
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Reidy E, Leonard NA, Treacy O, Ryan AE. A 3D View of Colorectal Cancer Models in Predicting Therapeutic Responses and Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E227. [PMID: 33435170 PMCID: PMC7827038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there have been many advances in recent years for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), it still remains the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Many patients with late stage CRC display resistance to multiple different therapeutics. An important aspect in developing effective therapeutics for CRC patients is understanding the interactions that take place in the tumor microenvironment (TME), as it has been shown to contribute to drug resistance in vivo. Much research over the past 100 years has focused on 2D monolayer cultures or in vivo studies, however, the efficacy in translating these to the clinic is very low. More recent studies are turning towards developing an effective 3D model of CRC that is clinically relevant, that can recapitulate the TME in vitro and bridge the gap between 2D cultures and in vivo studies, with the aim of reducing the use of animal models in the future. This review summarises the advantages and limitations of different 3D CRC models. It emphasizes how different 3D models may be optimised to study cellular and extracellular interactions that take place in the TME of CRC in an effort to allow the development of more translatable effective treatment options for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Reidy
- Lambe Institute for Translational research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland; (E.R.); (N.A.L.); (O.T.)
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, NUI Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Niamh A. Leonard
- Lambe Institute for Translational research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland; (E.R.); (N.A.L.); (O.T.)
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
| | - Oliver Treacy
- Lambe Institute for Translational research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland; (E.R.); (N.A.L.); (O.T.)
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
| | - Aideen E. Ryan
- Lambe Institute for Translational research, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 V4AY Galway, Ireland; (E.R.); (N.A.L.); (O.T.)
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
- Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, NUI Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Santi M, Mapanao AK, Biancalana L, Marchetti F, Voliani V. Ruthenium arene complexes in the treatment of 3D models of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113143. [PMID: 33445155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current chemotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are based on cisplatin, which is usually associated to severe side effects. In general, the exploration for metal-based alternatives to cisplatin has resulted in the development of a series of ruthenium complexes that are able to produce a safe therapeutic action against some neoplasms, among which are lung and ovarian cancers. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of well defined, easily available and robust ruthenium(II) η6-arene compounds on 3D models of HNSCCs with or without human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and compare their effects to the state-of-the-art RAPTA-C, a promising ruthenium compound with known anti-cancer activity. One of the compounds induces a significant therapeutic action especially on HPV negative carcinoma. Besides viability and repopulation evaluations, we performed quantitative analysis of the internalized Ru compounds to further validate our findings and elucidate the possible mechanisms of action. These results show that Ru arene compounds represent a promising alternative for the treatment of HNSCCs and pave the way for the composition of innovative (co)therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Santi
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro, 12-56126, Pisa, Italy; Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ana Katrina Mapanao
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro, 12-56126, Pisa, Italy; NEST-Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro, 12-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valerio Voliani
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro, 12-56126, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|