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Hooda Y, Shin HE, Bateman TJ, Moraes TF. Neisserial surface lipoproteins: structure, function and biogenesis. Pathog Dis 2017; 75:2966469. [PMID: 28158534 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface of many Gram-negative bacteria contains lipidated protein molecules referred to as surface lipoproteins or SLPs. SLPs play critical roles in host immune evasion, nutrient acquisition and regulation of the bacterial stress response. The focus of this review is on the SLPs present in Neisseria, a genus of bacteria that colonise the mucosal surfaces of animals. Neisseria contains two pathogens of medical interest, namely Neisseria meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. Several SLPs have been identified in Neisseria and their study has elucidated key strategies used by these pathogens to survive inside the human body. Herein, we focus on the identification, structure and function of SLPs that have been identified in Neisseria. We also survey the translocation pathways used by these SLPs to reach the cell surface. Specifically, we elaborate on the strategies used by neisserial SLPs to translocate across the outer membrane with an emphasis on Slam, a novel outer membrane protein that has been implicated in SLP biogenesis. Taken together, the study of SLPs in Neisseria illustrates the widespread roles played by this family of proteins in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Morán-Barrio J, Cameranesi MM, Relling V, Limansky AS, Brambilla L, Viale AM. The Acinetobacter Outer Membrane Contains Multiple Specific Channels for Carbapenem β-Lactams as Revealed by Kinetic Characterization Analyses of Imipenem Permeation into Acinetobacter baylyi Cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:e01737-16. [PMID: 28069648 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01737-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The number and type of outer membrane (OM) channels responsible for carbapenem uptake in Acinetobacter are still not well defined. Here, we addressed these questions by using Acinetobacter baylyi as a model species and a combination of methodologies aimed to characterize OM channels in their original membrane environment. Kinetic and competition analyses of imipenem (IPM) uptake by A. baylyi whole cells allowed us to identify different carbapenem-specific OM uptake sites. Comparative analyses of IPM uptake by A. baylyi wild-type (WT) cells and ΔcarO mutants lacking CarO indicated that this OM protein provided a carbapenem uptake site displaying saturable kinetics and common binding sites for basic amino acids compatible with a specific channel. The kinetic analysis uncovered another carbapenem-specific channel displaying a somewhat lower affinity for IPM than that of CarO and, in addition, common binding sites for basic amino acids as determined by competition studies. The use of A. baylyi gene deletion mutants lacking OM proteins proposed to function in carbapenem uptake in Acinetobacter baumannii indicated that CarO and OprD/OccAB1 mutants displayed low but consistent reductions in susceptibility to different carbapenems, including IPM, meropenem, and ertapenem. These two mutants also showed impaired growth on l-Arg but not on other carbon sources, further supporting a role of CarO and OprD/OccAB1 in basic amino acid and carbapenem uptake. A multiple-carbapenem-channel scenario may provide clues to our understanding of the contribution of OM channel loss or mutation to the carbapenem-resistant phenotype evolved by pathogenic members of the Acinetobacter genus.
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103
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Hassan R, El-Naggar W, Abd El-Aziz AM, Shaaban M, Kenawy HI, Ali YM. Immunization with outer membrane proteins (OprF and OprI) and flagellin B protects mice from pulmonary infection with mucoid and nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2017; 51:312-320. [PMID: 28291719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium, which considered as a common cause of nosocomial infection and life-threatening complications in immunocompromized and cystic fibrosis patients. Here, we evaluate the protective effect of recombinant vaccines composed of outer membrane proteins OprF and OprI alone or in combination with flagellin B against mucoid and nonmucoid pseudomonas infection. METHODS BALB/C mice were immunized subcutaneous using OprF and OprI with or without flagellin B and antibody titers were determined. Serum bactericidal and opsonophagocytosis activities of immunized and control sera were estimated against mucoid and nonmucoid pseudomonas strains. Lung tissue sections from immunized and nonimmunized mice were analyzed and the levels of peripheral neutrophils infiltration into the lung and tissue inflammation were scored. RESULTS Subcutaneous immunization using OprF and OprI with or without flagellin B elicited higher antibody titers against OprF, OprI, and flagellin B. The produced antibodies successfully opsonized both mucoid and nonmucoid strains with subsequent activation of the terminal pathway of complement that enhances killing of nonmucoid strains via complement-mediated lysis. Furthermore, opsonized mucoid and nonmucoid strains showed enhanced opsonophagocytosis via human peripheral neutrophils, a mechanism that kills P. aeruginosa when complement mediated lysis is not effective especially with mucoid strains. Immunized mice also showed a significant prolonged survival time, lower bacteremia, and reduced lung damage when compared with control nonimmunized mice. CONCLUSION Our data showed that mice immunized with OprF/OprI or OprF/OprI and flagellin B are significantly protected from infection caused by mucoid and nonmucoid strains of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Wael El-Naggar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer M Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Mona Shaaban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Hany I Kenawy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Youssif M Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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104
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Kothary MH, Gopinath GR, Gangiredla J, Rallabhandi PV, Harrison LM, Yan QQ, Chase HR, Lee B, Park E, Yoo Y, Chung T, Finkelstein SB, Negrete FJ, Patel IR, Carter L, Sathyamoorthy V, Fanning S, Tall BD. Analysis and Characterization of Proteins Associated with Outer Membrane Vesicles Secreted by Cronobacter spp. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:134. [PMID: 28232819 PMCID: PMC5299011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about secretion of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) by Cronobacter. In this study, OMVs isolated from Cronobacter sakazakii, Cronobacter turicensis, and Cronobacter malonaticus were examined by electron microscopy (EM) and their associated outer membrane proteins (OMP) and genes were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, protein sequencing, BLAST, PCR, and DNA microarray. EM of stained cells revealed that the OMVs are secreted as pleomorphic micro-vesicles which cascade from the cell's surface. SDS-PAGE analysis identified protein bands with molecular weights of 18 kDa to >100 kDa which had homologies to OMPs such as GroEL; OmpA, C, E, F, and X; MipA proteins; conjugative plasmid transfer protein; and an outer membrane auto-transporter protein (OMATP). PCR analyses showed that most of the OMP genes were present in all seven Cronobacter species while a few genes (OMATP gene, groEL, ompC, mipA, ctp, and ompX) were absent in some phylogenetically-related species. Microarray analysis demonstrated sequence divergence among the OMP genes that was not captured by PCR. These results support previous findings that OmpA and OmpX may be involved in virulence of Cronobacter, and are packaged within secreted OMVs. These results also suggest that other OMV-packaged OMPs may be involved in roles such as stress response, cell wall and plasmid maintenance, and extracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Qiong Q Yan
- Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, WHO Collaborating Centre for Cronobacter, University College, Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Boram Lee
- U. S. Food and Drug Administration Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Eunbi Park
- U. S. Food and Drug Administration Laurel, MD, USA
| | - YeonJoo Yoo
- U. S. Food and Drug Administration Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Isha R Patel
- U. S. Food and Drug Administration Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Séamus Fanning
- Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, WHO Collaborating Centre for Cronobacter, University College, Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ben D Tall
- U. S. Food and Drug Administration Laurel, MD, USA
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105
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Peng B, Wang C, Li H, Su YB, Ye JZ, Yang MJ, Jiang M, Peng XX. Outer Membrane Proteins form Specific Patterns in Antibiotic-Resistant Edwardsiella tarda. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:69. [PMID: 28210241 PMCID: PMC5288343 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins of Gram-negative bacteria play key roles in antibiotic resistance. However, it is unknown whether outer membrane proteins that respond to antibiotics behave in a specific manner. The present study specifically investigated the differentially expressed outer membrane proteins of an antibiotic-resistant bacterium, Edwardsiella tarda, a Gram-negative pathogen that can lead to unnecessary mass medication of antimicrobials and consequently resistance development in aquaculture and a spectrum of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases in humans. The comparison of a clinically isolated strain to the laboratory derived kanamycin-, tetracycline-, or chloramphenicol-resistant strains identified their respective outer membrane proteins expression patterns, which are distinct to each other. Similarly, the same approach was utilized to profile the patterns in double antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Surprisingly, one pattern is always dominant over the other as to these three antibiotics; the pattern of chloramphenicol is over tetracycline, which is over kanamycin. This type of pattern was also confirmed in clinically relevant multidrug-resistant bacteria. In addition, the presence of plasmid encoding antibiotic-resistant genes also alters the outer membrane protein profile in a similar manner. Our results demonstrate that bacteria adapt the antibiotic stress through the regulation of outer membrane proteins expression. And more importantly, different outer membrane protein profiles were required to cope with different antibiotics. This type of specific pattern provides the rationale for the development of novel strategy to design outer membrane protein arrays to identify diverse multidrug resistance profiles as biomarkers for clinical medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Bin Su
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Ye
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Man-Jun Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan-Xian Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Control, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, China
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106
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori, the human gastric pathogen, causes a variety of gastric diseases ranging from mild gastritis to gastric cancer. While the studies on H. pylori are dominated by those based on either East Asian or Western strains, information regarding H. pylori strains prevalent in the Middle East remains scarce. Therefore, we carried out whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis of three H. pylori strains isolated from three native Arab, Kuwaiti patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS H. pylori strains were sequenced using Illumina platform. The sequence reads were filtered and draft genomes were assembled and annotated. Various pathogenicity-associated regions and phages present within the genomes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out to determine the genetic relatedness of Kuwaiti strains to various lineages of H. pylori. The core genome content and virulence-related genes were analyzed to assess the pathogenic potential. RESULTS The three genomes clustered along with HpEurope strains in the phylogenetic tree comprising various H. pylori lineages. A total of 1187 genes spread among various functional classes were identified in the core genome analysis. The three genomes possessed a complete cagPAI and also retained most of the known outer membrane proteins as well as virulence-related genes. The cagA gene in all three strains consisted of an AB-C type EPIYA motif. CONCLUSIONS The comparative genomic analysis of Kuwaiti H. pylori strains revealed a European ancestry and a high pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narender Kumar
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M John Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Hanan Al Abkal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Iqbal Siddique
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Shrestha B, Kenedy MR, Akins DR. Outer Membrane Proteins BB0405 and BB0406 Are Immunogenic, but Only BB0405 Is Required for Borrelia burgdorferi Infection. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00803-16. [PMID: 27920211 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00803-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified the Borrelia burgdorferi outer membrane protein (OMP) BB0406 and found that the gene encoding this OMP was cotranscribed with the gene encoding the OMP BB0405. Interestingly, BB0405 and BB0406 share 59% similarity and are grouped into the same B. burgdorferi paralogous gene family. Given their overall similarity, it is plausible that both OMPs have similar or overlapping functions in this pathogenic spirochete. BB0405 was recently shown to be required for mammalian infection despite the observations that BB0405 is poorly immunogenic and not recognized during mouse or human infection. BB0405 orthologs have also been shown to bind the complement regulator protein factor H. Therefore, to better elucidate the role of BB0405 and its paralog BB0406 during infection and in serum resistance, we examined both proteins in animal infection, factor H binding, and serum sensitivity assays. Our combined results suggest that BB0405- and BB0406-specific antibodies are borreliacidal and that both OMPs are immunogenic during nonhuman primate infection. Additionally, while BB0405 was found to be required for establishing mouse infection, BB0406 was not found to be essential for infectivity. In contrast to data from previous reports, however, neither OMP was found to bind human factor H or to be required for enhancing serum resistance of B. burgdorferi in vitro.
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108
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Rana A, Thakur S, Bhardwaj N, Kumar D, Akhter Y. Excavating the surface-associated and secretory proteome of Mycobacterium leprae for identifying vaccines and diagnostic markers relevant immunodominant epitopes. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw110. [PMID: 27856491 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, Mycobacterium leprae, etiological agent of leprosy, has been afflicting mankind regardless of extensive use of live-attenuated vaccines and antibiotics. Surface-associated and secretory proteins (SASPs) are attractive targets against bacteria. We have integrated biological knowledge with computational approaches and present a proteome-wide identification of SASPs. We also performed computational assignment of immunodominant epitopes as coordinates of prospective antigenic candidates in most important class of SASPs, the outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Exploiting the known protein sequence and structural characteristics shared by the SASPs from bacteria, 17 lipoproteins, 11 secretory and 19 novel OMPs (including 4 essential proteins) were identified in M. leprae As OMPs represent the most exposed antigens on the cell surface, their immunoinformatics analysis showed that the identified 19 OMPs harbor T-cell MHC class I epitopes and class II epitopes against HLA-DR alleles (54), while 15 OMPs present potential T-cell class II epitopes against HLA-DQ alleles (6) and 7 OMPs possess T-cell class II epitopes against HLA-DP alleles (5) of humans. Additionally, 11 M. leprae OMPs were found to have B-cell epitopes and these may be considered as prime candidates for the development of new immunotherapeutics against M. leprae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Rana
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, District-Kangra, Himachal Pradesh-176206, India
| | - Shweta Thakur
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, District-Kangra, Himachal Pradesh-176206, India
| | - Nupur Bhardwaj
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, District-Kangra, Himachal Pradesh-176206, India
| | - Devender Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, District-Kangra, Himachal Pradesh-176206, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, District-Kangra, Himachal Pradesh-176206, India
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109
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Ferrara LGM, Wallat GD, Moynié L, Dhanasekar NN, Aliouane S, Acosta-Gutiérrez S, Pagès JM, Bolla JM, Winterhalter M, Ceccarelli M, Naismith JH. MOMP from Campylobacter jejuni Is a Trimer of 18-Stranded β-Barrel Monomers with a Ca 2+ Ion Bound at the Constriction Zone. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:4528-4543. [PMID: 27693650 PMCID: PMC5090048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Gram-negative organism Campylobacter jejuni is the major cause of food poisoning. Unlike Escherichia coli, which has two major porins, OmpC and OmpF, C. jejuni has one, termed major outer membrane protein (MOMP) through which nutrients and antibiotics transit. We report the 2.1-Å crystal structure of C. jejuni MOMP expressed in E. coli and a lower resolution but otherwise identical structure purified directly from C. jejuni. The 2.1-Å resolution structure of recombinant MOMP showed that although the protein has timeric arrangement similar to OmpC, it is an 18-stranded, not 16-stranded, β-barrel. The structure has identified a Ca2 + bound at the constriction zone, which is functionally significant as suggested by molecular dynamics and single-channel experiments. The water-filled channel of MOMP has a narrow constriction zone, and single-molecule studies show a monomeric conductivity of 0.7 ± 0.2 nS and a trimeric conductance of 2.2 ± 0.2 nS. The ion neutralizes negative charges at the constriction zone, reducing the transverse electric field and reversing ion selectivity. Modeling of the transit of ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic of choice for treating Campylobacter infection, through the pore of MOMP reveals a trajectory that is dependent upon the presence metal ion. The crystal structure of MOMP, the general diffusion porin of Campylobacter, has been determined. The protein is an 18-stranded β-barrel that is different than the 16-stranded OmpC and OmpF proteins from E. coli, but like them, MOMP is trimeric. The protein has a central pore size and conductivity intermediate between OmpC and OmpF. A Ca2 + ion bound at the constriction zone influences the biophysical properties of porin. The trajectory of the transit of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin through the pore is dependent on the presence of a metal ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana G M Ferrara
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, 09042 St Andrews, UK
| | - Gregor D Wallat
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, 09042 St Andrews, UK
| | - Lucile Moynié
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, 09042 St Andrews, UK
| | - Naresh N Dhanasekar
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, 28719 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Silvia Acosta-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, S.P8-km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari (CA), Italy
| | | | | | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, 28719 Bremen, Germany
| | - Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria Monserrato, S.P8-km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari (CA), Italy
| | - James H Naismith
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, 09042 St Andrews, UK; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Bystritskaya E, Stenkova A, Chistuylin D, Chernysheva N, Khomenko V, Anastyuk S, Novikova O, Rakin A, Isaeva M. Adaptive responses of outer membrane porin balance of Yersinia ruckeri under different incubation temperature, osmolarity, and oxygen availability. Microbiologyopen 2016; 5:597-603. [PMID: 27038237 PMCID: PMC4985593 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The capability of Yersinia ruckeri to survive in the aquatic systems reflects its adaptation (most importantly through the alteration of membrane permeability) to the unfavorable environments. The nonspecific porins are a key factor contributing to the permeability. Here we studied the influence of the stimuli, such as temperature, osmolarity, and oxygen availability on regulation of Y. ruckeri porins. Using qRT-PCR and SDS-PAGE methods we found that major porins are tightly controlled by temperature. Hyperosmosis did not repress OmpF production. The limitation of oxygen availability led to decreased expression of both major porins and increased transcription of the minor porin OmpY. Regulation of the porin balance in Y. ruckeri, in spite of some similarities, diverges from that system in Escherichia coli. The changes in porin regulation can be adapted in Y. ruckeri in a species-specific manner determined by its aquatic habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Bystritskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS690022 Prospect 100‐let Vladivostoku 159VladivostokRussia
- The School of BiomedicineFar Eastern Federal University690950 Suchanova str. 8VladivostokRussia
| | - Anna Stenkova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS690022 Prospect 100‐let Vladivostoku 159VladivostokRussia
- The School of BiomedicineFar Eastern Federal University690950 Suchanova str. 8VladivostokRussia
| | - Dmitriy Chistuylin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS690022 Prospect 100‐let Vladivostoku 159VladivostokRussia
| | - Nadezhda Chernysheva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS690022 Prospect 100‐let Vladivostoku 159VladivostokRussia
- The School of BiomedicineFar Eastern Federal University690950 Suchanova str. 8VladivostokRussia
| | - Valentina Khomenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS690022 Prospect 100‐let Vladivostoku 159VladivostokRussia
| | - Stanislav Anastyuk
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS690022 Prospect 100‐let Vladivostoku 159VladivostokRussia
| | - Olga Novikova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS690022 Prospect 100‐let Vladivostoku 159VladivostokRussia
| | - Alexander Rakin
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute for Hygiene and Clinical Microbiology of Ludwig Maximilians‐University80336 Pettenkofer str. 9aMunichGermany
| | - Marina Isaeva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry FEB RAS690022 Prospect 100‐let Vladivostoku 159VladivostokRussia
- The School of BiomedicineFar Eastern Federal University690950 Suchanova str. 8VladivostokRussia
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111
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Abstract
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play a central role in the integrity of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Unfolded OMPs (uOMPs) transit across the periplasm, and subsequent folding and assembly are crucial for biogenesis. Chaperones and the essential β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) complex facilitate these processes. In vitro studies suggest that some chaperones sequester uOMPs in internal cavities during their periplasmic transit to prevent deleterious aggregation. Upon reaching the outer membrane, the BAM complex acts catalytically to accelerate uOMP folding. Complementary in vivo experiments have revealed the localization and activity of the BAM complex in living cells. Completing an understanding of OMP biogenesis will require a holistic view of the interplay among the individual components discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee M Plummer
- Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Karen G Fleming
- Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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112
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Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligatory intracellular and cholesterol-dependent bacterium that has evolved special proteins and functions to proliferate inside leukocytes and cause disease. E. chaffeensis has a multigene family of major outer membrane proteins with porin activity and induces infectious entry using its entry-triggering protein to bind the human cell surface protein DNase X. During intracellular replication, three functional pairs of two-component systems are sequentially expressed to regulate metabolism, aggregation, and the development of stress-resistance traits for transmission. A type IV secretion effector of E. chaffeensis blocks mitochondrion-mediated host cell apoptosis. Several type I secretion proteins are secreted at the Ehrlichia-host interface. E. chaffeensis strains induce strikingly variable inflammation in mice. The central role of MyD88, but not Toll-like receptors, suggests that Ehrlichia species have unique inflammatory molecules. A recent report about transient targeted mutagenesis and random transposon mutagenesis suggests that stable targeted knockouts may become feasible in Ehrlichia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Rikihisa
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210;
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Mahendran R, Jeyabaskar S, Sitharaman G, Michael RD, Paul AV. Computer-aided vaccine designing approach against fish pathogens Edwardsiella tarda and Flavobacterium columnare using bioinformatics softwares. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:1703-14. [PMID: 27284239 PMCID: PMC4883809 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s95691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda and Flavobacterium columnare are two important intracellular pathogenic bacteria that cause the infectious diseases edwardsiellosis and columnaris in wild and cultured fish. Prediction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding is an important issue in T-cell epitope prediction. In a healthy immune system, the T-cells must recognize epitopes and induce the immune response. In this study, T-cell epitopes were predicted by using in silico immunoinformatics approach with the help of bioinformatics tools that are less expensive and are not time consuming. Such identification of binding interaction between peptides and MHC alleles aids in the discovery of new peptide vaccines. We have reported the potential peptides chosen from the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of E. tarda and F. columnare, which interact well with MHC class I alleles. OMPs from E. tarda and F. columnare were selected and analyzed based on their antigenic and immunogenic properties. The OMPs of the genes TolC and FCOL_04620, respectively, from E. tarda and F. columnare were taken for study. Finally, two epitopes from the OMP of E. tarda exhibited excellent protein-peptide interaction when docked with MHC class I alleles. Five epitopes from the OMP of F. columnare had good protein-peptide interaction when docked with MHC class I alleles. Further in vitro studies can aid in the development of potential peptide vaccines using the predicted peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Mahendran
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suganya Jeyabaskar
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Sitharaman
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajamani Dinakaran Michael
- Centre for Fish Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Agnal Vincent Paul
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Liu Q, Liu Q, Zhao X, Liu T, Yi J, Liang K, Kong Q. Immunogenicity and Cross-Protective Efficacy Induced by Outer Membrane Proteins from Salmonella Typhimurium Mutants with Truncated LPS in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:416. [PMID: 27011167 PMCID: PMC4813267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major virulence factor present in the outer membrane of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella show high immunogenicity and provide protection against Salmonella infection, and truncated LPS alters the outer membrane composition of the cell wall. In our previous study, we demonstrated that Salmonella mutants carrying truncated LPS failed to induce strong immune responses and cross-reaction to other enteric bacteria, due to their high attenuation and low colonization in the host. Therefore, we plan to investigate whether outer membrane proteins from Salmonella mutants with truncated LPS resulting from a series of nonpolar mutations, including ∆waaC12, ∆waaF15, ∆waaG42, ∆rfaH49, ∆waaI43, ∆waaJ44, ∆waaL46, ∆wbaP45 and ∆wzy-48, affect immunogenicity and provide protection against diverse Salmonella challenge. In this study, the immunogenicity and cross-protection efficiency of purified OMPs from all mutants were investigated to explore a potential OMP vaccine to protect against homologous or heterologous serotype Salmonella challenge. The results demonstrated that OMPs from three Salmonella mutants (∆waaC12, ∆waaJ44 and ∆waaL46) induced higher immune responses and provided good protection against homologous S. Typhimurium. The OMPs from these three mutants were also selected to determine the cross-protective efficacy against homologous and heterologous serotype Salmonella. Our results indicated that the mutant ∆waaC12 can elicit higher cross-reactivity and can provide good protection against S. Choleraesuis and S. Enteritidis infection and that the cross-reactivity may be ascribed to an antigen of approximately 18.4–30 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Tian Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jie Yi
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Kang Liang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Qingke Kong
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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115
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Leylabadlo HE, Yekani M, Ghotaslou R. Helicobacter pylori hopQ alleles (type I and II) in gastric cancer. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:601-604. [PMID: 27123254 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) outer membrane protein (HopQ) of is one of the proteins involved in bacterial adherence to gastric mucosa and has been suggested to have a role in the virulence of H. pylori. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between H. pylori virulence types I and II hopQ genotypes and patients with different gastrointestinal diseases. A polymerase chain reaction-based assay was used to determine the presence of type I and type II hopQ genes in 88 H. pylori strains isolated from H. pylori-infected patients. Of the total 88 H. pylori isolates, type I and type II hopQ alleles were detected in 52 (59.1%) and 36 (40.9%), respectively. A significant association was found between type I hopQ gene and gastric cancer [odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-4.1] and gastric ulcers (odds ratio, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.4-4.3). A significant association was also identified between the type II hopQ gene and gastric cancer (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-3.0). The association between hopQ type I and hopQ type II genotypes and clinical status suggest that these genes may be helpful in the universal prediction of specific disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mina Yekani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664-14766, Iran
| | - Reza Ghotaslou
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51636-39888, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664-14766, Iran
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116
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Chen Z, Zhan LH, Hou HF, Gao ZQ, Xu JH, Dong C, Dong YH. Structural basis for the interaction of BamB with the POTRA3-4 domains of BamA. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2016; 72:236-44. [PMID: 26894671 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798315024729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In Escherichia coli, the Omp85 protein BamA and four lipoproteins (BamBCDE) constitute the BAM complex, which is essential for the assembly and insertion of outer membrane proteins into the outer membrane. Here, the crystal structure of BamB in complex with the POTRA3-4 domains of BamA is reported at 2.1 Å resolution. Based on this structure, the POTRA3 domain is associated with BamB via hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Structural and biochemical analysis revealed that the conserved residues Arg77, Glu127, Glu150, Ser167, Leu192, Leu194 and Arg195 of BamB play an essential role in interaction with the POTRA3 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hong Zhan
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Feng Hou
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng Qiang Gao
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hua Xu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Dong
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hui Dong
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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117
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Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a highly-infectious bacterium that causes the rapid, and often lethal disease, tularemia. Many studies have been performed to identify and characterize the virulence factors that F. tularensis uses to infect a wide variety of hosts and host cell types, evade immune defenses, and induce severe disease and death. This review focuses on the virulence factors that are present in the F. tularensis envelope, including capsule, LPS, outer membrane, periplasm, inner membrane, secretion systems, and various molecules in each of aforementioned sub-compartments. Whereas, no single bacterial molecule or molecular complex single-handedly controls F. tularensis virulence, we review here how diverse bacterial systems work in conjunction to subvert the immune system, attach to and invade host cells, alter phagosome/lysosome maturation pathways, replicate in host cells without being detected, inhibit apoptosis, and induce host cell death for bacterial release and infection of adjacent cells. Given that the F. tularensis envelope is the outermost layer of the bacterium, we highlight herein how many of these molecules directly interact with the host to promote infection and disease. These and future envelope studies are important to advance our collective understanding of F. tularensis virulence mechanisms and offer targets for future vaccine development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Rowe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jason F Huntley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo, OH, USA
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118
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Abstract
The sites of new outer membrane protein (OMP) deposition and the fate of pre-existing OMPs are still enigmatic despite numerous concerted efforts. Rassam et al. identified mid-cell regions as the primary entry points for new OMP insertion in clusters, driving the pre-existing OMP clusters towards cell poles for long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Misra
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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119
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Porcek NB, Parent KN. Key residues of S. flexneri OmpA mediate infection by bacteriophage Sf6. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:1964-76. [PMID: 25816773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many viruses, including bacteriophage, have the inherent ability to utilize several types of proteinaceous receptors as an attachment mechanism to infect cells, yet the molecular mechanisms that drive receptor binding have not been elucidated. Using bacteriophage Sf6 and its host, Shigella flexneri, we investigated how Sf6 utilizes outer membrane protein A (OmpA) for infection. Specifically, we identified that surface loops of OmpA mediate Shigella infection. We further characterized which residues in the surface loops are responsible for Sf6 binding and productive infection using a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches including site-directed mutagenesis, phage plaque assays, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and in vitro genome ejection assays. Our data indicate that Sf6 can productively interact with other bacterial OmpAs as long as they share homology in loops 2 and 4, suggesting that these loops may determine host specificity. Our data provide a model in which Sf6 interacts with OmpA using the surface of the protein and new insights into viral attachment through binding to membrane protein receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia B Porcek
- Michigan State University Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Michigan State University Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kristin N Parent
- Michigan State University Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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120
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Rana A, Rub A, Akhter Y. Proteome-wide B and T cell epitope repertoires in outer membrane proteins of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis have vaccine and diagnostic relevance: a holistic approach. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:506-20. [PMID: 25727233 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is an etiological agent of chronic inflammation of the intestine among ruminants and humans. Currently, there are no effective vaccines and sensitive diagnostic tests available for its control and detection. For this, it is of paramount importance to identify the MAP antigens, which may be immunologically recognized by the host immune system. To address this challenge, we performed identification of the immunogenic epitopes in the MAP outer membrane proteins (OMPs). We have previously identified 57 MAP proteins as OMPs [Rana A, Rub A, Akhter Y. 2014. Molecular BioSystems, 10:2329-2337] and have evaluated them for the epitope selection and analysis employing a computational approach. Thirty-five MAP OMPs are reported with nine-mer peptides showing high binding affinity to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and 28 MAP OMPs with 15-mer peptides of high binding affinity for MHC class II molecules. The presence of MHC binding epitopes indicates the potential cell-mediated immune response inducing capacity of these MAP OMPs in infected host. To further investigate the humoral response inducing properties of OMPs of MAP, we report potential B cell epitopes based on the sequences of peptide antigens and their molecular structures. We also report 10 proteins having epitopes for both B and T cells representing potential candidates which may invoke both humoral and cellular immune responses in the host. These findings will greatly accelerate and expedite the formulation of effective and cost-efficient vaccines and diagnostic tests against MAP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Rana
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Abdur Rub
- Infection and Immunity Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi,, 110025, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
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121
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Kumar G, Rathore G, El-Matbouli M. Outer membrane protein assembly factor YaeT (omp85) and GroEL proteins of Edwardsiella tarda are immunogenic antigens for Labeo rohita (Hamilton). J Fish Dis 2014; 37:1055-1059. [PMID: 24320972 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria; National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India
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122
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Miajlovic H, Smith SG. Bacterial self-defence: how Escherichia coli evades serum killing. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 354:1-9. [PMID: 24617921 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to survive the bactericidal action of serum is advantageous to extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli that gain access to the bloodstream. Evasion of the innate defences present in serum, including complement and antimicrobial peptides, involves multiple factors. Serum resistance mechanisms utilized by E. coli include the production of protective extracellular polysaccharide capsules and expression of factors that inhibit or interfere with the complement cascade. Recent studies have also highlighted the importance of structural integrity of the cell envelope in serum survival. These survival strategies are outlined in this review with particular attention to novel findings and recent insights into well-established resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Miajlovic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sir Patrick Dun Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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123
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Fadli M, Chevalier J, Hassani L, Mezrioui NE, Pagès JM. Natural extracts stimulate membrane-associated mechanisms of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 58:472-7. [PMID: 24447247 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several mechanisms are involved in the bacterial resistance towards antimicrobial agents. The membrane-associated mechanisms of resistance were studied in Escherichia coli strains after incubation with Thymus maroccanus essential oil, its major components (carvacrol and thymol) or with certain antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the expression of membrane proteins, porins and efflux pumps were determined in wild type and derivative strains. Derivative strains adapted to different compounds displayed a high level of resistance to all tested antibiotics. The MIC increase is associated with an overexpression of an efflux pump immunorelated to AcrAB-TolC in various variants. Interestingly, the expression of outer membrane proteins slightly decreases in these strains. We demonstrate that the increase in antibiotic resistance correlates with membrane changes observed in the variants. This type of bacterial adaptation to natural compounds can occur in vivo providing the emergence/selection of bacteria less susceptible to clinically used antibiotics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Thymus maroccanus essential oil and some major components are able to select variants that modify the expression of transporters involved in the influx (porins) and in the efflux (AcrAB family) of various drugs. Importantly, these membrane proteins are involved in the transport of natural compounds and several antibiotic families. This special 'membrane adaptation' can explain the persistence of less susceptible/tolerant bacteria in the environment where natural compounds are present and the continuous stimulation of efflux systems in these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fadli
- UMR-MD1, Aix-Marseille University, IRBA, Marseille, France; Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms Faculty of Science, University Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
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124
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Lee J, Kim DH, Hwang I. Specific targeting of proteins to outer envelope membranes of endosymbiotic organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. Front Plant Sci 2014; 5:173. [PMID: 24808904 PMCID: PMC4010795 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are endosymbiotic organelles thought to be derived from endosymbiotic bacteria. In present-day eukaryotic cells, these two organelles play pivotal roles in photosynthesis and ATP production. In addition to these major activities, numerous reactions, and cellular processes that are crucial for normal cellular functions occur in chloroplasts and mitochondria. To function properly, these organelles constantly communicate with the surrounding cellular compartments. This communication includes the import of proteins, the exchange of metabolites and ions, and interactions with other organelles, all of which heavily depend on membrane proteins localized to the outer envelope membranes. Therefore, correct and efficient targeting of these membrane proteins, which are encoded by the nuclear genome and translated in the cytosol, is critically important for organellar function. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms of protein targeting to the outer membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts in two different directions, as well as targeting signals and cytosolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Lee
- Cellular Systems Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang, South Korea
| | - Dae Heon Kim
- Cellular Systems Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang, South Korea
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Cellular Systems Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang, South Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Inhwan Hwang, Cellular Systems Biology, Department of Life Sciences and Division of Integrative Biosciences and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Hyojadong, Nam-Gu, Pohang 790-784, South Korea e-mail:
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125
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Hsieh PF, Liu JY, Pan YJ, Wu MC, Lin TL, Huang YT, Wang JT. Klebsiella pneumoniae peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein and murein lipoprotein contribute to serum resistance, antiphagocytosis, and proinflammatory cytokine stimulation. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:1580-9. [PMID: 23911714 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (Pal), murein lipoprotein (LppA), and outer membrane protein A (OmpA) are dominant outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that are released by gram-negative bacteria during sepsis. OMPs are implicated in the maintenance of cell envelope integrity. Here, we characterize the roles of these OMPs in pathogenesis during bacteremia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. METHODS pal-, lppA-, and ompA-deficient K. pneumoniae strains were constructed using an unmarked deletion method. Serum sensitivity, antiphagocytosis activity, outer membrane permeability, and sensitivity to anionic detergents and antimicrobial polypeptides were determined for these OMP gene deletion mutants. The ability of these OMP gene deletion mutants to induce immune responses was compared with that of the wild-type strain in a bacteremic mouse model. RESULTS Klebsiella pneumoniae strains deleted for pal or lppA exhibited reduced protection from serum killing and phagocytosis; perturbation to the outer membrane permeability barrier and hypersensitivity to bile salts and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The strain mutated for lppA had reduced ability to activate Toll-like receptor 4. Immunization of mice with the pal or lppA mutant provided protection against infection by the wild-type strain. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that K. pneumoniae Pal and LppA proteins are important in the maintenance of cell integrity, contribute to virulence, and could be used as attenuated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine
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126
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Abstract
Pathogenic Leptospira species are important human and animal pathogen that causes leptospirosis, with more than half a million cases reported annually but little is known regarding the true incidence of leptospirosis due to the limitations in diagnosis. Proteins embedded in the outer membrane are found to be prime drug targets due to its key role as receptors for cellular communication and gatekeepers for iron and substrate transport across cell membranes. The major key issues to be addressed to overcome the disease burden of leptospirosis are: need to identify the genes that turn on in vivo; development of rapid diagnostic methods to facilitate the early diagnosis and to develop a universal vaccine. Recent whole genome sequencing of Leptospira species and development of in silico analysis tools have led to the identification of a large number of leptospiral virulence genes, metabolic pathways and surface protein secretion systems that represent potential new targets for the development of anti-leptospiral drug, vaccine and diagnostic strategies. This review surveys the different types of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Leptospira and combines all the novel features of OMPs reported till date and put forth some views for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerapandian Raja
- Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli , India
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127
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Cai X, Lu J, Wu Z, Yang C, Xu H, Lin Z, Shen Y. Structure of Neisseria meningitidis lipoprotein GNA1162. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2013; 69:362-8. [PMID: 23545639 PMCID: PMC3614158 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309113004417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
GNA1162, a predicted lipoprotein from Neisseria meningitidis, is a potential candidate for a universal vaccine against meningococcal disease caused by N. meningitidis serogroup B. Here, the crystal structure of GNA1162 at 1.89 Å resolution determined by single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD) is reported. The structure of GNA1162 appears to be a dimer in the crystallographic asymmetric unit as well as in solution. The overall structure of the dimer indicates that each monomer inserts its C-terminal α5 helix into the hydrophobic groove of the other molecule. Moreover, the β4 strands of each monomer lie antiparallel to each other and interact through multiple main-chain hydrogen bonds. Through structural comparisons and operon predictions, it is hypothesized that GNA1162 is part of a transport system and assists in transport and reassembly. The crystal structure of GNA1162 sheds light on its possible function and provides potentially valuable information for the design of a vaccine against meningococcal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- Laboratory of Virology, National Vaccine and Serum Institute, No. 4 San Jian Fang Nan Li, Beijing 100024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunting Yang
- Laboratory of Virology, National Vaccine and Serum Institute, No. 4 San Jian Fang Nan Li, Beijing 100024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honglin Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Virology, National Vaccine and Serum Institute, No. 4 San Jian Fang Nan Li, Beijing 100024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuequan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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Mikula KM, Kolodziejczyk R, Goldman A. Yersinia infection tools-characterization of structure and function of adhesins. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2013; 2:169. [PMID: 23316485 PMCID: PMC3539135 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the seventeen species of the Gram-negative genus Yersinia, three have been shown to be virulent and pathogenic to humans and animals-Y. enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. pestis. In order to be so, they are armoured with various factors that help them adhere to tissues and organelles, cross the cellular barrier and escape the immune system during host invasion. The group of proteins that mediate pathogen-host interactions constitute adhesins. Invasin, Ail, YadA, YadB, YadC, Pla, and pH 6 antigen belong to the most prominent and best-known Yersinia adhesins. They act at different times and stages of infection complementing each other by their ability to bind a variety of host molecules such as collagen, fibronectin, laminin, β1 integrins, and complement regulators. All the proteins are anchored in the bacterial outer membrane (OM), often forming rod-like or fimbrial-like structures that protrude to the extracellular milieu. Structural studies have shown that the anchor region forms a β-barrel composed of 8, 10, or 12 antiparallel β-strands. Depending on the protein, the extracellular part can be composed of several domains belonging to the immunoglobulin fold superfamily, or form a coiled-coil structure with globular head domain at the end, or just constitute several loops connecting individual β-strands in the β-barrel. Those extracellular regions define the activity of each adhesin. This review focuses on the structure and function of these important molecules, and their role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia M Mikula
- Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallography Group, Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland ; The National Doctoral Program in Informational and Structural Biology, Åbo Academy Turku, Finland
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129
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Jacobs M, Salinas SR, Bianco MI, Ielpi L. Expression, purification and crystallization of the outer membrane lipoprotein GumB from Xanthomonas campestris. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:1255-8. [PMID: 23027761 PMCID: PMC3497991 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112036597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
GumB is a predicted outer membrane lipoprotein that is involved in the synthesis and/or secretion of xanthan gum. This exopolysaccharide, produced by Xanthomonas campestris, is valuable in industry because of its important rheological properties. Solution of the GumB structure will provide insight into the polymerization and/or secretion mechanisms of xanthan gum. GumB was overexpressed and purified and diffraction-quality crystals of native GumB were obtained. A complete data set was collected to 2.54 Å resolution with an R(p.i.m.) of 0.034. The crystals belonged to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 84.4, b = 90.5, c = 120.7 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Jacobs
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA–CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina R. Salinas
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA–CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María I. Bianco
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA–CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Ielpi
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA–CONICET, Avenida Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
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130
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Saleem M, Prince SM, Patel H, Chan H, Feavers IM, Derrick JP. Refolding, purification and crystallization of the FrpB outer membrane iron transporter from Neisseria meningitidis. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:231-5. [PMID: 22298007 PMCID: PMC3274411 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309111056028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
FrpB is an integral outer membrane protein from the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis. It is a member of the TonB-dependent transporter family and promotes the uptake of iron across the outer membrane. There is also evidence that FrpB is an antigen and hence a potential component of a vaccine against meningococcal meningitis. FrpB incorporating a polyhistidine tag was overexpressed in Escherichia coli into inclusion bodies. The protein was then solubilized in urea, refolded and purified to homogeneity. Two separate antigenic variants of FrpB were crystallized by sitting-drop vapour diffusion. Crystals of the F5-1 variant diffracted to 2.4 Å resolution and belonged to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 176.5, b = 79.4, c = 75.9 Å, β = 98.3°. Crystal-packing calculations suggested the presence of a monomer in the asymmetric unit. Crystals of the F3-3 variant also diffracted to 2.4 Å resolution and belonged to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 85.3, b = 104.6, c = 269.1 Å. Preliminary analysis suggested the presence of an FrpB trimer in the asymmetric unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Michael Smith Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, England
| | - Stephen M. Prince
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, England
| | - Hema Patel
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, England
| | - Hannah Chan
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, England
| | - Ian M. Feavers
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Health Protection Agency, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, England
| | - Jeremy P. Derrick
- Michael Smith Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, England
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131
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Abstract
The default lipid for the bulk of the crystallogenesis studies performed to date using the cubic mesophase method is monoolein. There is no good reason however, why this 18-carbon, cis-monounsaturated monoacylglycerol should be the preferred lipid for all target membrane proteins. The latter come from an array of biomembrane types with varying properties that include hydrophobic thickness, intrinsic curvature, lateral pressure profile, lipid and protein makeup, and compositional asymmetry. Thus, it seems reasonable that screening for crystallizability based on the identity of the lipid creating the hosting mesophase would be worthwhile. For this, monoacylglycerols with differing acyl chain characteristics, such as length and olefinic bond position, must be available. A lipid synthesis and purification program is in place in the author's laboratory to serve this need. In the current study with the outer membrane sugar transporter, OprB, we demonstrate the utility of host lipid screening as a means for generating diffraction-quality crystals. Host lipid screening is likely to prove a generally useful strategy for mesophase-based crystallization of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianfan Li
- Membrane Structural and Functional Biology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, and School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin
| | - Jean Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Martin Caffrey
- Membrane Structural and Functional Biology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, and School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin
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132
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Augustyniak D, Mleczko J, Gutowicz J. The immunogenicity of the liposome-associated outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Moraxella catarrhalis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2009; 15:70-89. [PMID: 19851720 PMCID: PMC6276019 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-009-0035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are the most immunogenic and attractive of the Moraxella catarrhalis vaccine antigens that may induce the protective immune response. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two types of OMP-associated phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomal formulations (OMPs-PC, PC-OMPs) and of Zwittergent-based proteomicelles (OMPs-Z) in potentiating an anti-OMP systemic immune response in mice. The immunogenicities of the above preparations were evaluated by assessing serum anti-OMP IgG and IgA reactivity in the post-immunized mouse antisera using ELISA and Western blotting. Additionally, the cross-reactivity of the most effective anti-OMP response was determined using heterologous sera from both humans and mice. Both the proteoliposomes and the proteomicelles showed high immunogenic properties and did not elicit any distinct quantitative differences in the antibody titer or qualitative differences in the pattern of the mouse antisera. The post-immunized mouse antisera predominantly recognized a approximately 60-kDa OMP of M. catarrhalis. That protein was also found to be a highly cross-reactive antigen interacting with a panel of pooled mouse antisera produced by immunization either with whole cells or the purified OMPs of heterologous M. catarrhalis strains. Furthermore, normal sera collected from healthy children were found to be preferentially reactive with the 60-kDa OMP. The serum-specific IgG, IgA and IgM were respectively detected via immunoblotting in 90%, 85% and 30% of heterologous human sera. This similar immunogenic effectiveness of both OMP-associated liposomal formulations could contribute to the practical use of such formulations in the future in human vaccination. Moreover, the highly cross-reactive 60-kDa OMP seems to be an important antigenic marker of M. catarrhalis, and, as it is responsible for the induction of an antibody-mediated and long-lasting immune response, studying it may partially aid us in understanding the relatively low degree of pathogenicity of the bacterium in immunocompetent individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Augustyniak
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
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133
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Tanabe M, Iverson TM. Expression, purification and preliminary X-ray analysis of the Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein PorB. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2009; 65:996-1000. [PMID: 19851005 PMCID: PMC2765884 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309109032333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane protein PorB was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified from inclusion bodies by denaturation in urea followed by refolding in buffered LDAO on a size-exclusion column. PorB has been crystallized in three different crystal forms: C222, R32 and P6(3). The C222 crystal form may contain either one or two PorB monomers in the asymmetric unit, while both the R32 and P6(3) crystal forms contained one PorB monomer in the asymmetric unit. Of the three, the P6(3) crystal form had the best diffraction quality, yielding data extending to 2.3 A resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Tanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600, USA
| | - Tina M. Iverson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6600, USA
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134
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Whitney JCC, Neculai AM, Ohman DE, Howell PL. Expression, refolding, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgE. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2009; 65:463-6. [PMID: 19407377 PMCID: PMC2675585 DOI: 10.1107/s174430910901094x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AlgE is an outer membrane protein present in alginate-producing (mucoid) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AlgE has been overexpressed in insoluble inclusion bodies, purified under denaturing conditions and refolded in a buffer containing decyl beta-D-maltopyranoside. Purified refolded AlgE was detergent-exchanged into n-octyl tetraoxyethylene and diffraction-quality crystals were grown using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. The crystals grew as small hexagons with unit-cell parameters a = 98.8, b = 156.8, c = 90.4 A, alpha = beta = gamma = 90.0 degrees . The crystals exhibited the symmetry of space group C222 and diffracted to a minimum d-spacing of 3.0 A. On the basis of the Matthews coefficient (V(M) = 3.28 A(3) Da(-1)), one molecule is estimated to be present in the asymmetric unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. C. Whitney
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - A. Mirela Neculai
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Dennis E. Ohman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23298-0678, USA
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - P. Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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135
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Dossumbekova A, Prinz C, Gerhard M, Brenner L, Backert S, Kusters JG, Schmid RM, Rad R. Helicobacter pylori outer membrane proteins and gastric inflammation. Gut 2006; 55:1360-1; author reply 1361. [PMID: 16905702 PMCID: PMC1860015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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136
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A number of Helicobacter pylori outer membrane proteins (OMPs) undergo phase variations. This study examined the relation between OMP phase variations and clinical outcome. METHODS Expression of H pylori BabA, BabB, SabA, and OipA proteins was determined by immunoblot. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the relation among OMP expression, clinical outcome, and mucosal histology. RESULTS H pylori were cultured from 200 patients (80 with gastritis, 80 with duodenal ulcer (DU), and 40 with gastric cancer). The most reliable results were obtained using cultures from single colonies of low passage number. Stability of expression with passage varied with OipA > BabA > BabB > SabA. OipA positive status was significantly associated with the presence of DU and gastric cancer, high H pylori density, and severe neutrophil infiltration. SabA positive status was associated with gastric cancer, intestinal metaplasia, and corpus atrophy, and negatively associated with DU and neutrophil infiltration. The Sydney system underestimated the prevalence of intestinal metaplasia/atrophy compared with systems using proximal and distal corpus biopsies. SabA expression dramatically decreased following exposure of H pylori to pH 5.0 for two hours. CONCLUSIONS SabA expression frequently switched on or off, suggesting that SabA expression can rapidly respond to changing conditions in the stomach or in different regions of the stomach. SabA positive status was inversely related to the ability of the stomach to secrete acid, suggesting that its expression may be regulated by changes in acid secretion and/or in antigens expressed by the atrophic mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamaoka
- Department of Medicine, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (111D), Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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137
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Akama H, Kanemaki M, Tsukihara T, Nakagawa A, Nakae T. Preliminary crystallographic analysis of the antibiotic discharge outer membrane lipoprotein OprM of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an exceptionally long unit cell and complex lattice structure. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2005; 61:131-3. [PMID: 16508113 PMCID: PMC1952377 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309104031914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Crystals of the drug-discharge outer membrane protein OprM (MW = 50.9 kDa) of the MexAB-OprM multidrug transporter of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been grown at 293 K in the presence of 2-methyl-2,4-propanediol and a combination of surfactants. The crystal belonged to space group R32, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 85.43, c = 1044.3 A. Diffraction data for OprM were obtained using the undulator synchrotron-radiation beamline at SPring-8 (BL44XU, Osaka University), which allowed an extra-long specimen-to-detector distance with a wide detector area. The crystal diffracted to 2.56 A resolution using 0.9 A X-rays from the synchrotron-radiation source. A heavy-atom derivative for isomorphous replacement phasing was obtained using iridium chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Akama
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Misa Kanemaki
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
| | - Tomitake Tsukihara
- The Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakagawa
- The Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taiji Nakae
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1193, Japan
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138
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Abstract
Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) has been implicated in the adhesion and invasion of host epithelial cells. We examined the adhesive and invasive abilities of isogenic gonococcal opacity-associated outer membrane protein-negative, pilus-positive (Opa-Pil+) Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains expressing genetically defined LOS. Strain F62 (Opa-Pil+), expressing the lacto-N-neotetraose and the galNac-lacto-N-neotetraose LOS, and its isogenic derivative that expressed only the lacto-N-neotetraose LOS (F62 Delta lgtD), adhered to, and invaded, to the same extent the human cervical epidermoid carcinoma cell line, ME180. While the adhesive abilities of Opa-Pil+ isogenic strains that express LOS molecules lacking the lacto-N-neotetraose structure were similar to that seen for F62, their invasive abilities were much lower than the strains expressing lacto-N-neotetraose. Fluorescence microscopy studies showed that the adherence of F62, but not the strains lacking lacto-N-neotetraose, induced the rearrangement of actin filaments under the adherent sites. Electron microscopy studies demonstrated that F62, but not the strains lacking lacto-N-neotetraose, formed extensive and intimate associations with epithelial cell membranes. Thus, in the absence of detectable Opa protein, the lacto-N-neotetraose LOS promotes gonococcal invasion into ME180 cells. The data also suggest that LOS is involved in the mobilization of actin filaments in host cells, and in the formation of a direct interaction between the bacterial outer membrane and the plasma membrane of ME180 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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139
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Abstract
A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in foods. The assay was based on the detection of two outer-membrane proteins (molecular weights 36,000 and 34,000) of V. parahaemolyticus . Following an 18-h incubation in alkaline peptone salt broth containing 0.1%Teepol, the culture supernatant was added to the microtiter plate coated with antibodies against the two outer-membrane proteins. After washing, the same antibodies absorbed with V. alginolyticus and labeled with horsemdish peroxidase were used as secondary antibodies. The detection limit of the assay for total outer-membrane proteins was 10 ng/ml. For 29 strains of V. parahaemolyticus and 73 strains (including 27 isolates of vibrios) of other bacteria tested, the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 100 and 96%, respectively. Strains producing false positives were V. tubiashii , V. campbellii , and V. vulnificus . Of 23 seafood samples tested, V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 17 and 15 samples, respectively, by the ELISA and by a conventional culture method. V. parahaemolyticus was also detected in samples artificially inoculated with the microorganism at levels less than 10 colony-forming units (CFU) per g. Compared to the conventional culture methods, which may take 4 to 6 days to complete, the ELISA can detect low numbers of V.parahaemolyticus in foods with a total analytical time of only 24 h. The ELISA is recommended as a rapid screening method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi H Chen
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 246, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tsung C Chang
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 246, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, Republic of China
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