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Abbasi Gamasaee N, Radmansouri M, Ghiasvand S, Shahriari F, Zare Marzouni H, Aryan H, Jangholi E, Javidi MA. Hypericin Induces Apoptosis in MDA-MB-175-VII Cells in Lower Dose Compared to MDA-MB-231. Arch Iran Med 2018; 21:387-392. [PMID: 30221528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the major cause of death from cancer among women around the world. Given the drug resistance in the treatment of this disease, it is very important to identify new therapies and anticancer drugs. Many studies demonstrated that hypericin could induce apoptosis in different cancer cell lines; however, the underlying mechanism is not well understood yet. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effect of hypericin in two breast cancer cell lines, one with wild type P53 and the other with mutant P53. METHODS In this study, the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-175-VII cell lines were treated with different concentrations of hypericin for 24 and 48 hours. The measurement of cell death was performed by MTT assay. The cell apoptosis rate was measured using annexin V/propidium iodide assay through flow cytometry. The level of expression in P21 and P53 genes was evaluated by real time PCR. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis was performed for P21 (direct target for P53 protein) to confirm the results. RESULTS The results showed that hypericin could have dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-175-VII cell lines, and its cytotoxicity is much higher in the latter cells. According to flow cytometry results, 86% of MDA-MB-175-VII cells underwent apoptosis with IC50 dose of hypericin for MDA-MB-231 cells after 24 hours. Moreover, after 24 hours of exposure to hypericin with MDA- MB-231 IC50 concentration, the expression of P53 and P21 genes upregulated in MDA-MB-175-VII much more than MDA-MB-231 when both cell lines were treated with 24 hours IC50 dose of MDA-MB-231. The ICC analysis on P21 confirmed that by treating both cell lines with MDA-MB-231 IC50 dose of hypericin for 24 hours, this protein is overexpressed much more in MDA-MB-175-VII cells. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that hypericin's apoptotic and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells may be mediated via P53 overexpression, cell cycle arrest and the subsequent apoptosis. Therefore, it is of great importance to consider that hypericin would have better impact on cells or tumors with wild type P53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Abbasi Gamasaee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Science, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Radmansouri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Science, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Ghiasvand
- Departments of Biology, Faculty of Science, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahriari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Zare Marzouni
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Aryan
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Students' Scientific Association (MSSA), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Jangholi
- Medical Students' Scientific Association (MSSA), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center, Amir-almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Javidi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Science, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Alternative and Complementary Medicine Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Han C, Zhang C, Ma T, Zhang C, Luo J, Xu X, Zhao H, Chen Y, Kong L. Hypericin-functionalized graphene oxide for enhanced mitochondria-targeting and synergistic anticancer effect. Acta Biomater 2018; 77:268-281. [PMID: 30006311 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Effective targeting of mitochondria has emerged as a beneficial strategy in cancer therapy. However, the development of mitochondria-targeting ligands is difficult because of the low permeability of the mitochondrial double membrane. We found that hypericin (HY), a natural product isolated from Hypericum perforatum L., is an effective mitochondria-targeting ligand. HY-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) loaded with doxorubicin (GO-PEG-SS-HY/DOX) increased the synergistic anticancer efficacy of phototherapy and chemotherapy in the absence of apparent adverse side effects. In vitro and in vivo assays suggested GO-PEG-SS-HY/DOX induced the expression of the key proteins of the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway and caused apoptosis of breast carcinoma cells. In addition, GO vehicle exhibited low toxicity toward normal cells, indicating high safety of functionalized GO preparations in antitumor therapy. Therefore, HY-functionalized GO can be successfully used as a platform technology to target mitochondria in cancer cells and improve the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis is a promising approach in cancer therapy. However, mitochondria are difficult to access and permeate because of their negative membrane potential and highly dense double membrane. Mitochondria-targeting ligands can be conjugated to nanoparticles or small-molecule drugs to enhance their antitumor effect. Here, we showed that the natural photosensitizer hypericin is a novel mitochondria-targeting ligand and that graphene oxide particles co-loaded with hypericin and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin exhibited a synergistic antitumor effect mediated by the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Treatment with such particles in combination with laser irradiation led to apoptosis of the tumor MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, treatment with hypericin/doxorubicin-functionalized graphene oxide had low cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Center of Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ting Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jianguang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy is a safe, noninvasive modality for cancer therapy, in which the photosensitizer (PS) is a crucial component. Hypericin (Hy) is a promising PS; however, its clinical application is significantly limited by its poor hydrophilicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS To overcome the clinical application limitation of Hy, a novel strategy is developed here by entrapping Hy into polydopamine (PDA) film formed on the surface of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) through the self-polymerization of dopamine under alkaline condition. The amount of Hy in the Hy-entrapped PDA-MNP composite nanoparticles (denoted as PHMs) was measured by spectrophotometry. Furthermore, lactose, as the targeting ligand to asialoglycoprotein receptors, was conjugated to the surface of the PHMs by taking advantage of the spontaneous reaction of PDA with amino groups. RESULTS Spectrophotometry analysis revealed that the amount of Hy in the PHMs was 72 μmol g-1 PHMs. The fabricated Hy-entrapped glyconanoparticle (Lac-PHM) exhibited excellent water dispersibility, stability, and selectivity for asialoglycoprotein receptors overexpressing HepG2 cells. Atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis showed that the amount of the Lac-PHMs taken in HepG2 cells was 2.1-fold higher than that of the triethylene glycol-modified PHMs. The results of intracellular reactive oxygen species generation detection, cytotoxicity study, and apoptosis detection indicated that the Lac-PHMs had a satisfying photodynamic effect to HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION The strategy developed in this work offers great potential for delivery of a variety of hydrophobic PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
| | - Kun Shang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
| | - Huaibao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
| | - Yuxin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China, ;
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Ahmed S, Amba Sankar KN, Pramanik B, Mohanta K, Das D. Solvent Directed Morphogenesis and Electrical Properties of a Peptide-Perylenediimide Conjugate. Langmuir 2018; 34:8355-8364. [PMID: 29921124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular organization of electron-deficient aromatic systems like perylenediimides (PDI) is extremely appealing, as they are potential candidates for organic electronics. The performance of these molecules in such applications primarily depends on the self-organization of the molecules. However, any correlation between the morphology of these self-assembled semiconducting molecules and their electrical performances has not yet been formulated. Herein, for the first time, we have made an effort to find such a correlation by studying the self-assembly, morphology, and their conducting properties for a peptide-PDI conjugate. The PDI conjugate formed fiber-like morphology in relatively nonpolar solvents (THF and CHCl3) while in more polar solvents (HFIP, MeOH, ACN, and acetone), spherical morphology could be found. Interestingly, the self-assembly and the morphologies showed a clear dependence on the solvent polarity. In polar solvents, the conjugate aggregates more efficiently than in the nonpolar solvents, and with decrease in solvent polarity, the dimension of the nanostructures increased. However, in all the tested solvents, irrespective of their polarity, the PDI-peptide conjugate adopts a right-handed helicity. To find a correlation between the morphologies with the conducting property, detailed electrical characterization of these nanostructures was carried out. While no significant change could be observed for the dc conductivities of these nanostructures, the ac conductivities show prominent difference at the low-frequency region. A dispersion of conductivity was observed for the nanospheres due to the polarization effect. A critical correlation between the nanostructures and the activation energy was observed as with decrease in radii of curvature of the aggregates the activation energy increases with an exception in the case of MeOH. The observed results suggest that the long-range transport of charge carriers is less favorable when the aggregates are small and closely packed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahnawaz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India
| | - Kandan Natarajan Amba Sankar
- Department of Physics, PSG College of Technology and Nanotech Research Innovation and Incubation Centre (NRIIC) , PSG Institute of Advanced Studies , Avinashi Road , Coimbatore 641004 , TN , India
| | - Bapan Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India
| | - Kallol Mohanta
- Department of Physics, PSG College of Technology and Nanotech Research Innovation and Incubation Centre (NRIIC) , PSG Institute of Advanced Studies , Avinashi Road , Coimbatore 641004 , TN , India
| | - Debapratim Das
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India
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105
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Shih CM, Wu CH, Wu WJ, Hsiao YM, Ko JL. Hypericin inhibits hepatitis C virus replication via deacetylation and down-regulation of heme oxygenase-1. Phytomedicine 2018; 46:193-198. [PMID: 30097118 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a globally prevalent pathogen and a leading cause of death and morbidity. Traditional therapy with pegylated interferon-<alpha> and ribavirin has had only limited success, with some adverse effects. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are effective in suppressing HCV replication, but are expensive. PURPOSE Hypericin has been reported to be a good antiviral agent for inhibiting HCV replication, however, little is known about its mechanisms of action. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mode of action of hypericin in Ava5 human hepatoma cell line (Huh7 derivative) harboring HCV subgenomic replicon RNA. METHODS To determine the non-structure protein 5A (NS5A) mRNA and NS3 protein expression levels, real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed, respectively. To investigate how hypericin inhibits HCV replication, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) and chidamide were used for determining histone modification. Furthermore, shRNA was applied to confirm the role of heme oxygenase (HO-1) in HCV repression. RESULTS Hypericin in experiment were tested and showed no cytotoxicity. Hypericin reduced HO-1 and NS5A in a time- and dose- dependent manner. Chidamide, but not 5-Aza-dc, restored hypericin-induced reduction in HCV NS3 expression and reversed HO-1 expression in Ava5 cells. LY294002 inhibited HCV replication via HO-1 down-regulation. Constitutive expressed p-AKT was not involved in hypericin-induced reduction in HCV replication. In addition, shHO-1 inhibited HCV replication. CONCLUSION In conclusion, hypericin inhibits HCV replication via down-regulation of HO-1 expression and deacetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ming Shih
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Yang Ming Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Basic Medical Education Center, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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106
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Li ZH, Li YY, Hou M, Yang T, Lu LC, Xu XY. Topically applied hypericin exhibits skin penetrability on nude mice. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1279-1286. [PMID: 29915976 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypericin, a powerful natural photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT), is suitable for treating skin diseases involving excess capillary proliferation. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the skin penetrability of topically applied hypericin, expecting a reduced risk of prolonged skin photosensitivity, which often occurs after systemic administration. Firstly, the Franz diffusion cell assays were performed to evaluate the penetration effects of different enhancers, including menthol, propylene glycol, camphanone, azone, and carbamide. In view of above evaluation results, we selected menthol as the enhancer in the subsequent in vivo studies. The setting groups were as follows: the blank control group, the light-exposure control group, the gel-base control group, the hypericin gel group, and a hypericin gel-containing menthol group. Except for the blank control, all other animals were irradiated by a LED light. Then, fluorescence microscopy was performed to examine the distribution of hypericin in the skin of nude mouse. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses were also carried out to detect pathological changes in the skin after topical hypericin-PDT treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression change of PECAM-1. As shown in the results, menthol facilitated hypericin penetrate the skin of nude mice most. The results of in vivo assays revealed that hypericin penetrated nude mouse skin, spread to the dermis, and resulted in obvious photosensitivity reaction on the dermal capillaries. Moreover, skin injured by the photosensitive reaction induced by hypericin-PDT treatment was replaced by normal skin within 7 days. We concluded that topical applied hypericin could penetrate nude mouse skin well and has a great potential in PDT treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Heng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, 2215B Garland Avenue LH1275 MRB-4, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Lai-Chun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
- Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica - the Key Discipline Constructed by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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107
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Hovhannisyan VA, Dong CY, Lai FJ, Chang NS, Chen SJ. Natural zeolite for adsorbing and release of functional materials. J Biomed Opt 2018; 23:1-7. [PMID: 29858548 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.9.091411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using multiphoton microscopy (MPM), we demonstrated that effective inducing of two-photon excited luminescence and second-harmonic generation signals in nano/microparticles of clinoptilolite type of zeolite (CZ) by femtosecond near-infrared laser excitation can be successfully utilized in multiphoton imaging of the drug adsorption processes. Adsorption of photodynamic active dyes (hypericin, chlorin e6, methylene blue, and fluorescein) and their release from CZ pores in the presence of biomolecules, such as collagen from bovine Achilles tendon, albumin, and hemoglobin, were investigated by absorption and fluorescence spectrometry. To quantify the experimental results on hypericin release, here we use a kinetic curves fitting approach and calculate hypericin release rates in different environments. This approach allows to compare various mathematical models and uses more parameters to better characterize drug release profiles. In addition, magnetic CZ particles were fabricated and proposed as a promising material for drug delivery and controlled release in biological systems. Optical spectrometry and MPM are effective approaches that may reveal potential of natural zeolites in controlled drug delivery and biomedical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen-Yuan Dong
- National Taiwan University, Department of Physics, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Jie Lai
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Shan Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
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Kimáková K, Petijová L, Bruňáková K, Čellárová E. Relation between hypericin content and morphometric leaf parameters in Hypericum spp.: A case of cubic degree polynomial function. Plant Sci 2018; 271:94-99. [PMID: 29650162 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants often accumulate secondary metabolites in multicellular structures or in secretory reservoirs. Biotechnological production of such compounds by cell cultures lacking proper morphological structures is difficult, therefore possibilities for an efficient increase of their formation by organ cultures are being searched. The genus Hypericum comprises many species that store photoactive and phototoxic naphthodianthrones in the dark nodules on their above-ground parts. To date, the relation between the content of hypericins and their proto-forms accumulated in the nodules, and morphological characters of the plant parts containing these structures has not been sufficiently explained. The content of hypericins and leaf morphology characters were measured in 12 selected diploid seed-derived Hypericum species cultured in vitro. The leaf volume and the volume of the nodules per leaf were calculated. Based on these data, a cubic degree polynomial regression model with high reliability was constructed. The model enables an estimate of the biosynthetic capacity of the cultures, and may be useful in designing the experiments aimed at elicitation of these unique secondary metabolites in shoot cultures of Hypericum spp. An analogous model may be developed for interpretation of experimental results for other plant species which accumulate metabolites in specialized morphological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Kimáková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Linda Petijová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Bruňáková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Eva Čellárová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Mánesova 23, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia.
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Schill J, van Dun S, Pouderoijen MJ, Janssen HM, Milroy L, Schenning APHJ, Brunsveld L. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Bay-Substituted Perylene Diimide Gemini-Type Surfactants as Off-On Fluorescent Probes for Lipid Bilayers. Chemistry 2018; 24:7734-7741. [PMID: 29569314 PMCID: PMC6001554 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Interest in bay-substituted perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic diimides (PDIs) for solution-based applications is growing due to their improved solubility and altered optical and electronic properties compared to unsubstituted PDIs. Synthetic routes to 1,12-bay-substituted PDIs have been very demanding due to issues with steric hindrance and poor regioselectivity. Here we report a simple one-step regioselective and high yielding synthesis of a 1,12-dihydroxylated PDI derivative that can subsequently be alkylated in a straightforward fashion to produce nonplanar 1,12-dialkoxy PDIs. These PDIs show a large Stokes shift, which is specifically useful for bioimaging applications. A particular cationic PDI gemini-type surfactant has been developed that forms nonfluorescent self-assembled particles in water ("off state"), which exerts a high fluorescence upon incorporation into lipophilic bilayers ("on state"). Therefore, this probe is appealing as a highly sensitive fluorescent labelling marker with a low background signal for imaging artificial and cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen Schill
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of, TechnologyP.O. Box 5135600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Sam van Dun
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of, TechnologyP.O. Box 5135600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Lech‐Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of, TechnologyP.O. Box 5135600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Albertus P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices and Institute for, Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyP.O. Box 5135600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of, TechnologyP.O. Box 5135600MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
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Zhang Y, Ren K, Zhang X, Chao Z, Yang Y, Ye D, Dai Z, Liu Y, Ju H. Photo-tearable tape close-wrapped upconversion nanocapsules for near-infrared modulated efficient siRNA delivery and therapy. Biomaterials 2018; 163:55-66. [PMID: 29452948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has become an appealing therapeutic approach for cancer and other diseases. One key challenge is the effective protection of these small fragile biomolecules against complicated physiological environments as well as efficient on-demand release. Here we design a photo-tearable polymer tape close-wrapped nanocapsule for efficient NIR modulated siRNA delivery. The photo-tearable nanocapsules comprise core-shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) coated with mesoporous silica layer for loading of photosensitizer hypocrellin A (HA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) against polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), and covalently bound thin membranes of polyethylene glycol (PEG) via a synthesized photocleavable linker (PhL). Upon irradiation at 980 nm, the UCNPs produce UV emissions to break PhL and tear out PEG membrane for siRNA release, and blue emissions to activate HA for generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The close PEG membrane wrapping not only guarantees the efficient intracellular photocleavage, but also extends the circulation time and protects the loaded cargos from leakage and degradation. The ROS assists endosomal escape of the loaded cargos, therefore effectively improves the gene silencing efficiency and the suppressions of cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. The proposed photo-tearable tape-wrapped nanocapsules have promising potential application in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Kewei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhicong Chao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yuqin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Deju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhihui Dai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Dalmizrak O, Teralı K, Abdullah RK, Ozer N. Mechanistic and structural insights into the in vitro inhibitory action of hypericin on glutathione reductase purified from baker's yeast. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22051. [PMID: 29660796 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This work aims at studying the interaction between glutathione reductase (GR) and hypericin. The type of inhibition was determined by measuring changes in GR activity at increasing concentrations of hypericin as well as at varying concentrations of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and the binding pose of hypericin was predicted by molecular docking. Accordingly, hypericin emerges as an effective inhibitor of GR. When the variable substrate is GSSG, the type of inhibition is competitive. When the variable substrate is NADPH, however, the type of inhibition appears to be linear mixed-type competitive. Our computational analyses suggest that hypericin binds in the large intermonomer cavity of GR, and that it may interfere with the normal positioning/functioning of the redox-active disulfide center at the enzyme's active site. Overall, besides its contributory role in promoting oxidative stress via the formation of reactive oxygen species in photodynamic therapy, hypericin can also weaken cancer cells through inhibiting GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Dalmizrak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, TRNC, 99138, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Kerem Teralı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, TRNC, 99138, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Redwan Kawa Abdullah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, TRNC, 99138, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Nazmi Ozer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, TRNC, 99138, Mersin 10, Turkey
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You MK, Kim HJ, Kook JH, Kim HA. St. John's Wort Regulates Proliferation and Apoptosis in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells by Inhibiting AMPK/mTOR and Activating the Mitochondrial Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040966. [PMID: 29570671 PMCID: PMC5979501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
St. John’s Wort (SJW) has been used as an estrogen agonist in the systems affected by menopause. Also, hypericin, a bioactive compound of SJW, has been used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. In the present study, we investigate the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of SJW to demonstrate the chemo-preventive effect in human breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were cultured with DMSO or various concentrations of SJW ethanol extract (SJWE). Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, the expression of proteins involved in cell growth and apoptosis, and caspase-3/7 activity were examined. SJWE dose-dependently suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. Mechanistically, SJWE enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreased the expression of p-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and p-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). Also, SJWE inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and showed increases in the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bad with decreases in the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins including B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL), and p-Bcl-2-associated death promoter (p-Bad). SJWE at 50 μg/mL showed markedly enhanced caspase-7 activation. Taken together, our results provide evidence that SJWE shows anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects via inhibition of AMPK/mTOR and activation of a mitochondrial pathway. Therefore, SJWE can be used as a chemo-preventive agent without photo-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyoung You
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Hwa-Jin Kim
- Hisol Inc., 247-9, Baraebong-gil, Unbong-eup, Namwon-si, Jeollabuk-do 55717, Korea.
| | - Ji Hyun Kook
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Mokpo National University, 1666, Yeongsan-ro, Cheonggye-myeon, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do 58554, Korea.
| | - Hyeon-A Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Mokpo National University, 1666, Yeongsan-ro, Cheonggye-myeon, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do 58554, Korea.
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Keša P, Jancura D, Kudláčová J, Valušová E, Antalík M. Excitation of triplet states of hypericin in water mediated by hydrotropic cromolyn sodium salt. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 193:185-191. [PMID: 29241053 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypericin (Hyp) is a hydrophobic pigment found in plants of the genus Hypericum which exhibits low levels of solubility in water. This work shows that the solubility of Hyp can be significantly increased through the addition of cromolyn disodium salt (DSCG). Performed studies using UV-VIS absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies demonstrate that Hyp remains in a predominantly biologically photodynamic active monomeric form in the presence of DSCG at concentrations ranging from 4.6×10-3 to 1.2×10-1mol·L-1. The low association constant between Hyp and DSCG (Ka=71.7±2M-1), and the polarity value of 0.3 determined for Hyp in a DSCG-water solution, lead to a suggestion that the monomerization of Hyp in aqueous solution can be explained as a result of the hydrotropic effect of DSCG. This hydrotropic effect is most likely a result of interactions between two relative rigid aromatic rings of DSCG and a delocalized charge on the surface of the Hyp molecule. The triplet-triplet (T-T) electronic transition observed in is Hyp in the presence of DSCG suggests a possible production of reactive oxygen species once Hyp is irradiated with visible light in a DSCG aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Keša
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Daniel Jancura
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Júlia Kudláčová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Eva Valušová
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marián Antalík
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovakia; Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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114
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Surup F, Pommerehne K, Schroers HJ, Stadler M. Elsinopirins A-D, Decalin Polyketides from the Ascomycete Elsinoё pyri. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8010008. [PMID: 29401753 PMCID: PMC5871977 DOI: 10.3390/biom8010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In course of our screening for new secondary metabolites from ecological niche specialized, phytopathogenic fungi, the plant pathogen Elsinoё pyri, strain 2203C, was found to produce four novel compounds (1-4), which were named elsinopirins A-D, in addition to the known metabolite elsinochrome A (5). After isolation by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), their structures, including relative stereochemistry, were elucidated by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) data. Finally, absolute stereochemistry was assigned by chemical shifts of Mosher's esters (α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetic acid; MTPA) derivatives of elsinopirin B (2). The compounds were found to be devoid of significant antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Surup
- Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Pommerehne
- Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Hans-Josef Schroers
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Marc Stadler
- Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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115
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Karuppuswamy P, Chen HC, Wang PC, Hsu CP, Wong KT, Chu CW. The 3 D Structure of Twisted Benzo[ghi]perylene-Triimide Dimer as a Non-Fullerene Acceptor for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells. ChemSusChem 2018; 11:415-423. [PMID: 29131542 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we introduced benzo[ghi]perylenetriimide (BPTI) derivatives including monomer and twisted dimer (t-BPTI) as an alternative electron-transport layer (ETL) material to replace the commonly used PC61 BM in inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Moreover, the double ETL was applied in our PSCs with structure of glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/perovskite/BPTI/C60 or PDI-C4/BCP/Al. The use of a double ETL structure can effectively eliminate the leakage current. The devices with the t-BPTI/C60 double ETL yield an average power conversion efficiency of 10.73 % and a maximum efficiency of 11.63 %. The device based on the complete non-fullerene electron acceptors of t-BPTI/PDI-C4 as double ETL achieved maximum efficiency of 10.0 %. Moreover, it was found that the utilization of alloy t-BPTI+BPTI as ETL can effectively reduce the hysteresis effect of PSCs. The results suggest that BPTI-based electron-transport materials are potential alternatives for widely used fullerene acceptors in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharsini Karuppuswamy
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Cheng Wang
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Hsu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529
| | - Ken-Tsung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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116
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Swart V, Crampton BG, Ridenour JB, Bluhm BH, Olivier NA, Meyer JJM, Berger DK. Complementation of CTB7 in the Maize Pathogen Cercospora zeina Overcomes the Lack of In Vitro Cercosporin Production. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2017; 30:710-724. [PMID: 28535078 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-17-0054-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Gray leaf spot (GLS), caused by the sibling species Cercospora zeina or Cercospora zeae-maydis, is cited as one of the most important diseases threatening global maize production. C. zeina fails to produce cercosporin in vitro and, in most cases, causes large coalescing lesions during maize infection, a symptom generally absent from cercosporin-deficient mutants in other Cercospora spp. Here, we describe the C. zeina cercosporin toxin biosynthetic (CTB) gene cluster. The oxidoreductase gene CTB7 contained several insertions and deletions as compared with the C. zeae-maydis ortholog. We set out to determine whether complementing the defective CTB7 gene with the full-length gene from C. zeae-maydis could confer in vitro cercosporin production. C. zeina transformants containing C. zeae-maydis CTB7 were generated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and were evaluated for in vitro cercosporin production. When grown on nitrogen-limited medium in the light-conditions conducive to cercosporin production in other Cercospora spp.-one transformant accumulated a red pigment that was confirmed to be cercosporin by the KOH assay, thin-layer chromatography, and ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Our results indicated that C. zeina has a defective CTB7, but all other necessary machinery required for synthesizing cercosporin-like molecules and, thus, C. zeina may produce a structural variant of cercosporin during maize infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velushka Swart
- 1 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Bridget G Crampton
- 1 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - John B Ridenour
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A.; and
| | - Burt H Bluhm
- 2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A.; and
| | - Nicholas A Olivier
- 1 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | | | - Dave K Berger
- 1 Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
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117
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Huzlik J, Bozek F, Pawelczyk A, Licbinsky R, Naplavova M, Pondelicek M. Identifying risk sources of air contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chemosphere 2017; 183:139-146. [PMID: 28544899 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article is directed to determining concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are sorbed to solid particles in the air. Pollution sources were identified on the basis of the ratio of benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiPe) to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Because various important information is lost by determining the simple ratio of concentrations, least squares linear regression (classic ordinary least squares regression), reduced major axis, orthogonal regression, and Kendall-Theil robust diagnostics were utilized for identification. Statistical evaluation using all aforementioned methods demonstrated different ratios of the monitored PAHs in the intervals examined during warmer and colder periods. Analogous outputs were provided by comparing gradients of the emission factors acquired from the measured concentrations of BghiPe and BaP in motor vehicle exhaust gases. Based on these outputs, it was possible plausibly to state that the influence of burning organic fuels in heating stoves is prevalent in colder periods whereas in warmer periods transport was the exclusive source because other sources of PAH emissions were not found in the examined locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Huzlik
- Transport Research Centre, 33a Lisenska, 636 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Frantisek Bozek
- University of Defence, 65 Kounicova, 662 10, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Pawelczyk
- Wroclaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 4/6 Norwida St., 50-373, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Roman Licbinsky
- Transport Research Centre, 33a Lisenska, 636 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Michael Pondelicek
- The College of Regional Development, 68 Zalanskeho, 163 00, Praha, 17 - Repy, Czech Republic.
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118
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Theodossiou TA, Olsen CE, Jonsson M, Kubin A, Hothersall JS, Berg K. The diverse roles of glutathione-associated cell resistance against hypericin photodynamic therapy. Redox Biol 2017; 12:191-197. [PMID: 28254657 PMCID: PMC5333531 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse responses of different cancers to treatments such as photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT) have fueled a growing need for reliable predictive markers for treatment outcome. In the present work we have studied the differential response of two phenotypically and genotypically different breast adenocarcinoma cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, to hypericin PDT (HYP-PDT). MDA-MB-231 cells were 70% more sensitive to HYP PDT than MCF7 cells at LD50. MCF7 were found to express a substantially higher level of glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) than MDA-MB-231, while MDA-MB-231 differentially expressed glutathione-S-transferase (GSTP1), mainly used for xenobiotic detoxification. Eighty % reduction of intracellular glutathione (GSH) by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), largely enhanced the sensitivity of the GSTP1 expressing MDA-MB-231 cells to HYP-PDT, but not in MCF7 cells. Further inhibition of the GSH reduction however by carmustine (BCNU) resulted in an enhanced sensitivity of MCF7 to HYP-PDT. HYP loading studies suggested that HYP can be a substrate of GSTP for GSH conjugation as BSO enhanced the cellular HYP accumulation by 20% in MDA-MB-231 cells, but not in MCF7 cells. Studies in solutions showed that L-cysteine can bind the GSTP substrate CDNB in the absence of GSTP. This means that the GSTP-lacking MCF7 may use L-cysteine for xenobiotic detoxification, especially during GSH synthesis inhibition, which leads to L-cysteine build-up. This was confirmed by the lowered accumulation of HYP in both cell lines in the presence of BSO and the L-cysteine source NAC. NAC reduced the sensitivity of MCF7, but not MDA-MB-231, cells to HYP PDT which is in accordance with the antioxidant effects of L-cysteine and its potential as a GSTP substrate. As a conclusion we have herein shown that the different GSH based cell defense mechanisms can be utilized as predictive markers for the outcome of PDT and as a guide for selecting optimal combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodossis A Theodossiou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cathrine E Olsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte Jonsson
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Kubin
- PLANTA Naturstoffe Vertriebs GmbH, A-1120 Wien, Austria
| | - John S Hothersall
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for cancer Research, Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
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119
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Leung AW, Ip M, Xu CS, Wang XN, Yung PT, Hua HY. Sonodynamic bactericidal efficacy of hypocrellin A and B against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Hong Kong Med J 2017; 23 Suppl 5:36-37. [PMID: 28943524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Wn Leung
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - M Ip
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - C S Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - X N Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - P T Yung
- Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - H Y Hua
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
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120
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Abendroth JM, Nakatsuka N, Ye M, Kim D, Fullerton EE, Andrews AM, Weiss PS. Analyzing Spin Selectivity in DNA-Mediated Charge Transfer via Fluorescence Microscopy. ACS Nano 2017; 11:7516-7526. [PMID: 28672111 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding spin-selective interactions between electrons and chiral molecules is critical to elucidating the significance of electron spin in biological processes and to assessing the potential of chiral assemblies for organic spintronics applications. Here, we use fluorescence microscopy to visualize the effects of spin-dependent charge transport in self-assembled monolayers of double-stranded DNA on ferromagnetic substrates. Patterned DNA arrays provide background regions for every measurement to enable quantification of substrate magnetization-dependent fluorescence due to the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect. Fluorescence quenching of photoexcited dye molecules bound within DNA duplexes is dependent upon the rate of charge separation/recombination upon photoexcitation and the efficiency of DNA-mediated charge transfer to the surface. The latter process is modulated using an external magnetic field to switch the magnetization orientation of the underlying ferromagnetic substrates. We discuss our results in the context of the current literature on the chiral-induced spin selectivity effect across various systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dokyun Kim
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Eric E Fullerton
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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121
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Mühleisen L, Alev M, Unterweger H, Subatzus D, Pöttler M, Friedrich RP, Alexiou C, Janko C. Analysis of Hypericin-Mediated Effects and Implications for Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071388. [PMID: 28661430 PMCID: PMC5535881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The phototoxic effect of hypericin can be utilized for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of cancer. After intravenous application and systemic distribution of the drug in the patient’s body, the tumor site is exposed to light. Subsequently, toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated, inducing tumor cell death. To prevent unwanted activation of the drug in other regions of the body, patients have to avoid light during and after the treatment cycles, consequently impairing quality of life. Here, we characterize toxicity and hypericin-mediated effects on cancer cells in vitro and confirm that its effect clearly depends on concentration and illumination time. To reduce side effects and to increase therapy success, selective accumulation of hypericin in the tumor region is a promising solution. Loading hypericin on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and guiding them to the desired place using an external magnetic field might accomplish this task (referred to as Magnetic Drug Targeting (MDT)). Thus, using a double targeting strategy, namely magnetic accumulation and laser induced photoactivation, might improve treatment effectivity as well as specificity and reduce toxic side effects in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mühleisen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Magdalena Alev
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Harald Unterweger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Daniel Subatzus
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Marina Pöttler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ralf P Friedrich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Halaburková A, Jendželovský R, Kovaľ J, Herceg Z, Fedoročko P, Ghantous A. Histone deacetylase inhibitors potentiate photodynamic therapy in colon cancer cells marked by chromatin-mediated epigenetic regulation of CDKN1A. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:62. [PMID: 28603560 PMCID: PMC5465463 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy (HY-PDT) has recently captured increased attention as an alternative minimally invasive anticancer treatment, although cancer cells may acquire resistance. Therefore, combination treatments may be necessary to enhance HY-PDT efficacy. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are often used in combination treatments due to their non-genotoxic properties and epigenetic potential to sensitize cells to external stimuli. Therefore, this study attempts for the first time to investigate the therapeutic effects of HDACis in combination with visible light-mediated PDT against cancer. Specifically, the colorectal cancer cell model was used due to its known resistance to HY-PDT. RESULTS Two chemical groups of HDACis were tested in combination with HY-PDT: the hydroxamic acids Saha and Trichostatin A, and the short-chain fatty acids valproic acid and sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPB), as inhibitors of all-class versus nuclear HDACs, respectively. The selected HDACis manifest a favorable clinical toxicity profile and showed similar potencies and mechanisms in intragroup comparisons but different biological effects in intergroup analyses. HDACi combination with HY-PDT significantly attenuated cancer cell resistance to treatment and caused the two HDACi groups to become similarly potent. However, the short-chain fatty acids, in combination with HY-PDT, showed increased selectivity towards inhibition of HDACs versus other key epigenetic enzymes, and NaPB induced the strongest expression of the otherwise silenced tumor suppressor CDKN1A, a hallmark gene for HDACi-mediated chromatin modulation. Epigenetic regulation of CDKN1A by NaPB was associated with histone acetylation at enhancer and promoter elements rather than histone or DNA methylation at those or other regulatory regions of this gene. Moreover, NaPB, compared to the other HDACis, caused milder effects on global histone acetylation, suggesting a more specific effect on CDKN1A chromatin architecture relative to global chromatin structure. The mechanism of NaPB + HY-PDT was P53-dependent and likely driven by the HY-PDT rather than the NaPB constituent. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that HDACis potentiate the antitumor efficacy of HY-PDT in colorectal cancer cells, overcoming their resistance to this drug and epigenetically reactivating the expression of CDKN1A. Besides their therapeutic potential, hypericin and these HDACis are non-genotoxic constituents of dietary agents, hence, represent interesting targets for investigating mechanisms of dietary-based cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Halaburková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Jendželovský
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ján Kovaľ
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Peter Fedoročko
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Akram Ghantous
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
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Rappold M, Warttinger U, Krämer R. A Fluorescent Probe for Glycosaminoglycans Applied to the Detection of Dermatan Sulfate by a Mix-and-Read Assay. Molecules 2017; 22:E768. [PMID: 28486420 PMCID: PMC6154688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans are complex biomolecules of great biological and medical importance. The quantification of glycosaminoglycans, in particular in complex matrices, is challenging due to their inherent structural heterogeneity. Heparin Red, a polycationic, fluorescent perylene diimide derivative, has recently emerged as a commercial probe for the convenient detection of heparins by a mix-and-read fluorescence assay. The probe also detects glycosaminoglycans with a lower negative charge density than heparin, although with lower sensitivity. We describe here the synthesis and characterization of a structurally related molecular probe with a higher positive charge of +10 (vs. +8 of Heparin Red). The superior performance of this probe is exemplified by the quantification of low dermatan sulfate concentrations in an aqueous matrix (quantification limit 1 ng/mL) and the detection of dermatan sulfate in blood plasma in a clinically relevant concentration range. The potential applications of this probe include monitoring the blood levels of dermatan sulfate after administration as an antithrombotic drug in the absence of heparin and other glycosaminoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rappold
- Inorganic Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Warttinger
- Inorganic Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Roland Krämer
- Inorganic Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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124
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Liu Y, Gao X, Lu F, Hu M, Shi L, Zheng L. Reversible helical chirality of perylene bisimide aggregates: amino acid-directed chiral transfer and chiral inversion. Soft Matter 2017; 13:3072-3075. [PMID: 28418050 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Through the formation of dynamic covalent bonds, we succeeded, for the first time, in achieving a reversible chiral transfer from amino acids to perylene bisimide aggregates in aqueous solutions. Two opposite helical aggregations are induced with l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine, respectively. It is possible that the change in configurations of phenyl groups in amino acids leads to the chiral inversion of BAPBI arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250100, China.
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125
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Lazzara S, Militello M, Carrubba A, Napoli E, Saia S. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi altered the hypericin, pseudohypericin, and hyperforin content in flowers of Hypericum perforatum grown under contrasting P availability in a highly organic substrate. Mycorrhiza 2017; 27:345-354. [PMID: 27999964 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a perennial herb able to produce water-soluble active ingredients (a.i.), mostly in flowers, with a wide range of medicinal and biotechnological uses. However, information about the ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to affect its biomass accumulation, flower production, and concentration of a.i. under contrasting nutrient availability is still scarce. In the present experiment, we evaluated the role of AMF on growth, flower production, and concentration of bioactive secondary metabolites (hypericin, pseudohypericin, and hyperforin) of H. perforatum under contrasting P availability. AMF stimulated the production of aboveground biomass under low P conditions and increased the production of root biomass. AMF almost halved the number of flowers per plant by means of a reduction of the number of flower-bearing stems per plant under high P availability and through a lower number of flowers per stem in the low-P treatment. Flower hyperforin concentration was 17.5% lower in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants. On the contrary, pseudohypericin and hypericin concentrations increased by 166.8 and 279.2%, respectively, with AMF under low P availability, whereas no effect of AMF was found under high P availability. These results have implications for modulating the secondary metabolite production of H. perforatum. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the competition for photosynthates between AMF and flowers at different nutrient availabilities for both plant and AM fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lazzara
- Agricultural Research Council, Research Unit for the Recovery and the Exploitation of Mediterranean Flower Species (CREA-SFM), s.s. 113-Km 245,500, 90011, Bagheria, PA, Italy
| | - Marcello Militello
- Agricultural Research Council, Research Unit for the Recovery and the Exploitation of Mediterranean Flower Species (CREA-SFM), s.s. 113-Km 245,500, 90011, Bagheria, PA, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carrubba
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, viale delle scienze, Ed. 4, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Edoardo Napoli
- National Research Council, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Saia
- Agricultural Research Council, Research Unit for the Recovery and the Exploitation of Mediterranean Flower Species (CREA-SFM), s.s. 113-Km 245,500, 90011, Bagheria, PA, Italy.
- Agricultural Research Council, Cereal Research Centre (CREA-CER), S.S. 673, km 25.200, 71121, Foggia, FG, Italy.
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Yang Z, Tian R, Wu J, Fan Q, Yung BC, Niu G, Jacobson O, Wang Z, Liu G, Yu G, Huang W, Song J, Chen X. Impact of Semiconducting Perylene Diimide Nanoparticle Size on Lymph Node Mapping and Cancer Imaging. ACS Nano 2017; 11:4247-4255. [PMID: 28345873 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting molecules of perylene diimide (PDI) with strong light absorption properties in the near-infrared region and good biocompatibility have received increasing attention in the field of theranostics, especially as photoacoustic (PA) imaging agents. Herein, we report a series of [64Cu]-labeled PDI nanoparticles (NPs) of different sizes (30, 60, 100, and 200 nm) as dual positron emission tomography (PET) and PA imaging probes and photothermal therapy agents. The precise size control of the PDI NPs can be achieved by adjusting the initial concentration of PDI molecules in the self-assembly process, and the photophysical property of different sized PDI NPs was studied in detail. Furthermore, we systematically investigated the size-dependent accumulation of the PDI NPs in the lymphatic system after local administration and in tumors after intravenous injection by PA and PET imaging. The results revealed that 100 nm is the best size for differentiating popliteal and sciatic LNs since the interval is around 60 min for the NPs to migrate from popliteal LNs to sciatic LNs, which is an ideal time window to facilitate surgical sentinel LN biopsy and pathological examination. Furthermore, different migration times of the different-sized PDI NPs will provide more choices for surgeons to map the specific tumor relevant LNs. PDI NP theranostics can also be applied to imaging-guided cancer therapy. The NPs with a size of 60 nm appear to be the best for tumor imaging and photothermal cancer therapy due to the maximum tumor accumulation efficiency. Thus, our study not only presents organic PDI NP theranostics but also introduces different-sized NPs for multiple bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Rui Tian
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jinjun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Quli Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bryant C Yung
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Orit Jacobson
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhantong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Guocan Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jibin Song
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Duan X, Yin Z, Jiang C, Jin Q, Zhang D, Sun Z, Ye W, Zhang J. Radioiodinated hypericin disulfonic acid sodium salts as a DNA-binding probe for early imaging of necrotic myocardium. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 117:151-159. [PMID: 28414189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Necrotic myocardium imaging can provide great indicators of salvaged myocardial areas for clinical guidances to patients with myocardial infarction (MI). One of the key challenges in necrotic myocardium imaging however, is lack of ideal necrotic imaging tracers for exactly and timely depicting the necrotic myocardium. 131I-hypericin (131I-Hyp) is a promising tracer in exact necrotic myocardium delineation. However, it can't clearly image necrotic myocardium until 9h post injection (p.i.) for the high background signals in blood and lung due to the strong lipophilicity. Herein, an optimized 131I-hypericin-2,5-disulfonic acid sodium salts (131I-Shyp) probe was synthesized for better pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties to necrosis imaging. And the related mechanisms of necrotic avidity ability of 131I-Hyp and 131I-Shyp were also explored. In the results, 131I-Shyp still showed selectively high accumulation in both necrotic cells and tissues. Biodistribution data revealed the decreased uptake of 131I-Shyp in normal organs (lung, spleen and heart) and blood (as shown in pharmacokinetics studies). 131I-Shyp presented quicker and clearer imaging for necrotic myocardium at 4h p.i. compared with 131I-Hyp, suggesting that improved hydrophilicity of 131I-Shyp may be conducive to its better pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties to imaging. Additionally, DNA competitive binding assays and blocking experiments indicated that E-DNA is the possible target of Shyp and Hyp for their necrosis avidity. 131I-Shyp may serve as a potential E-DNA targeted probe for necrotic myocardium imaging with molecular specificity for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Duan
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dongjian Zhang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ziping Sun
- Radiation Medical Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wencai Ye
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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128
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Liu JX, Xin B, Li C, Xie NH, Gong WL, Huang ZL, Zhu MQ. PEGylated Perylenemonoimide-Dithienylethene for Super-Resolution Imaging of Liposomes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:10338-10343. [PMID: 28281748 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized an amphiphilic photoswitchable fluorophore, PEGylated perylenemonoimide-dithienylethene (PEG-PMI-DTE), which exhibits evident bistable photochromism, fluorescence switching, and fatigue resistance. The fine nanostructures of liposomes can be observed directly under super-resolution fluorescent microscopy by aid of the amphiphilic photoswitchable fluorophore as a staining agent, with an optical resolution of 30 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xia Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Bo Xin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Chong Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Nuo-Hua Xie
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Wen-Liang Gong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhen-Li Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, College of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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129
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Cui C, Yang Z, Hu X, Wu J, Shou K, Ma H, Jian C, Zhao Y, Qi B, Hu X, Yu A, Fan Q. Organic Semiconducting Nanoparticles as Efficient Photoacoustic Agents for Lightening Early Thrombus and Monitoring Thrombolysis in Living Mice. ACS Nano 2017; 11:3298-3310. [PMID: 28240881 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Acute venous thrombosis is prevalent and potentially fatal. Accurate diagnosis of early thrombus is needed for patients in timely clinical intervention to prevent life-threatening conditions. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) with excellent spatial resolution and high optical contrast shows more promise for this purpose. However, its application is dramatically limited by its signal-off effect on thrombus because of the ischemia in thrombus which lacks the endogenous photoacoustic (PA) signal of hemoglobin. To address this dilemma, we herein report the feasibility of using organic semiconducting nanoparticles (NPs) for contrast-enhanced PAI of thrombus in living mice. An organic semiconducting NP, self-assembled by amphiphilic perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) molecules, is chemically modified with cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD) peptides as a PA contrast agent (cRGD-PDI NPs) for selectively lightening early thrombus. cRGD-PDI NPs presents high PA intensity, good stability in light and serum, and sufficient blood-circulating half-life. In living mice, PA intensity of early thrombus significantly increases after tail vein injection of cRGD-PDI NPs, which is 4-fold greater than that of the control, blocking, and old thrombus groups. Pathological and immunohistochemical findings show that glycoprotein IIb/IIIa abundant in early thrombus is a good biomarker targeted by cRGD-PDI NPs for distinguishing early thrombus from old thrombus by PAI. Such a lightening PAI effect by cRGD-PDI NPs successfully provides accurate information including the profile, size and conformation, and spatial distribution of early thrombus, which may timely monitor the obstructive degree of thrombus in blood vessels and the thrombolysis effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jinjun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kangquan Shou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Hengheng Ma
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Jian
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Baiwen Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aixi Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Quli Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , Nanjing 210023, China
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Misuth M, Joniova J, Belej D, Hrivnak S, Horvath D, Huntosova V. Estimation of PKCδ autophosphorylation in U87 MG glioma cells: combination of experimental, conceptual and numerical approaches. J Biophotonics 2017; 10:423-432. [PMID: 27158772 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Golgi apparatus (GA) is a center for lipid metabolism and the final target of ceramide pathway, which may result in apoptosis. In this work localization of highly hydrophobic hypericin is followed by time-resolved imaging of NBDC6 (fluorescent ceramide) in U87 MG glioma cells. Decrease of NBDC6 fluorescence lifetimes in cells indicates that hypericin can also follow this pathway. It is known that both, ceramide and hypericin can significantly influence protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Western blotting analysis shows increase of PKCδ autophosphorylation at Ser645 (p(S645)PKCδ) in glioma cells incubated with 500 nM hypericin and confocal-fluorescence microscopy distinguishes p(S645)PKCδ localization between GA related compartments and nucleus. Experimental and numerical methods are combined to study p(S645)PKCδ in U87 MG cell line. Image processing based on conceptual qualitative description is combined with numerical treatment via simple exponential saturation model which describes redistribution of p(S645)PKCδ between nucleus and GA related compartments after hypericin administration. These results suggest, that numerical methods can significantly improve quantification of biomacromolecules (p(S645)PKCδ) directly from the fluorescence images and such obtained outputs are complementary if not equal to typical used methods in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus Misuth
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Safarik University (UPJS) in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslava Joniova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Safarik University (UPJS) in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Batiment de Chimie, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Belej
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Safarik University (UPJS) in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Hrivnak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Safarik University (UPJS) in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Denis Horvath
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, P.J. Safarik University (UPJS) in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Huntosova
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, P.J. Safarik University (UPJS) in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
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Jalilov A, Nilewski LG, Berka V, Zhang C, Yakovenko AA, Wu G, Kent TA, Tsai AL, Tour JM. Perylene Diimide as a Precise Graphene-like Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic. ACS Nano 2017; 11:2024-2032. [PMID: 28112896 PMCID: PMC5333640 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here we show that the active portion of a graphitic nanoparticle can be mimicked by a perylene diimide (PDI) to explain the otherwise elusive biological and electrocatalytic activity of the nanoparticle construct. Development of molecular analogues that mimic the antioxidant properties of oxidized graphenes, in this case the poly(ethylene glycolated) hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs), will afford important insights into the highly efficient activity of PEG-HCCs and their graphitic analogues. PEGylated perylene diimides (PEGn-PDI) serve as well-defined molecular analogues of PEG-HCCs and oxidized graphenes in general, and their antioxidant and superoxide dismutase-like (SOD-like) properties were studied. PEGn-PDIs have two reversible reduction peaks, which are more positive than the oxidation peak of superoxide (O2•-). This is similar to the reduction peak of the HCCs. Thus, as with PEG-HCCs, PEGn-PDIs are also strong single-electron oxidants of O2•-. Furthermore, reduced PEGn-PDI, PEGn-PDI•-, in the presence of protons, was shown to reduce O2•- to H2O2 to complete the catalytic cycle in this SOD analogue. The kinetics of the conversion of O2•- to O2 and H2O2 by PEG8-PDI was measured using freeze-trap EPR experiments to provide a turnover number of 133 s-1; the similarity in kinetics further supports that PEG8-PDI is a true SOD mimetic. Finally, PDIs can be used as catalysts in the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction in water, which proceeds by a two-electron process with the production of H2O2, mimicking graphene oxide nanoparticles that are otherwise difficult to study spectroscopically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almaz
S. Jalilov
- Department
of Chemistry, The NanoCarbon Center, Department of Materials Science and
NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Lizanne G. Nilewski
- Department
of Chemistry, The NanoCarbon Center, Department of Materials Science and
NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Vladimir Berka
- Hematology,
Internal Medicine, University of Texas Houston
Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United
States
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, The NanoCarbon Center, Department of Materials Science and
NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Andrey A. Yakovenko
- Argonne
National Laboratory, X-ray Science Division,
Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gang Wu
- Hematology,
Internal Medicine, University of Texas Houston
Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United
States
| | - Thomas A. Kent
- Department
of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Michel E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ah-Lim Tsai
- Hematology,
Internal Medicine, University of Texas Houston
Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, United
States
| | - James M. Tour
- Department
of Chemistry, The NanoCarbon Center, Department of Materials Science and
NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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132
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Misuth M, Joniova J, Horvath D, Dzurova L, Nichtova Z, Novotova M, Miskovsky P, Stroffekova K, Huntosova V. The flashlights on a distinct role of protein kinase C δ: Phosphorylation of regulatory and catalytic domain upon oxidative stress in glioma cells. Cell Signal 2017; 34:11-22. [PMID: 28237688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme are considered to be aggressive high-grade tumors with poor prognosis for patient survival. Photodynamic therapy is one of the adjuvant therapies which has been used for glioblastoma multiforme during last decade. Hypericin, a photosensitizer, can be employed in this treatment. We have studied the effect of hypericin on PKCδ phosphorylation in U87 MG cells before and after light application. Hypericin increased PKCδ phosphorylation at tyrosine 155 in the regulatory domain and serine 645 in the catalytic domain. However, use of the light resulted in apoptosis, decreased phosphorylation of tyrosine 155 and enhanced serine 645. The PKCδ localization and phosphorylation of regulatory and catalytic domains were shown to play a distinct role in the anti-apoptotic response of glioma cells. We hypothesized that PKCδ phosphorylated at the regulatory domain is primarily present in the cytoplasm and in mitochondria before irradiation, and it may participate in Bcl-2 phosphorylation. After hypericin and light application, PKCδ phosphorylated at a regulatory domain which is in the nucleus. In contrast, PKCδ phosphorylated at the catalytic domain may be mostly active in the nucleus before irradiation, but active in the cytoplasm after the irradiation. In summary, light-induced oxidative stress significantly regulates PKCδ pro-survival and pro-apoptotic activity in glioma cells by its phosphorylation at serine 645 and tyrosine 155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matus Misuth
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Sciences, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslava Joniova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Sciences, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Denis Horvath
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Dzurova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Sciences, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Nichtova
- Department of Muscle Cell Research, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Novotova
- Department of Muscle Cell Research, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Miskovsky
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia; SAFTRA Photonics Ltd., Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Stroffekova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Sciences, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia; Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Huntosova
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54, Kosice, Slovakia.
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Ye Y, Zheng Y, Ji C, Shen J, Yin M. Self-Assembly and Disassembly of Amphiphilic Zwitterionic Perylenediimide Vesicles for Cell Membrane Imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:4534-4539. [PMID: 28094505 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal cells have complicated dynamics of cell membrane structures which require desirable dyes for in vivo imaging. Here, an asymmetric amphiphilic zwitterionic perylenediimide (ZP) derivative has been constructed by introducing an octyl chain and a zwitterionic head to each imide position of perylenediimide chromophore. ZP could self-assemble into vesicles in aqueous solution. The aggregated ZP vesicles have been explored to image cell inner or surface membrane structures by a controlled disassembly process. After being taken up into cells, ZP vesicles disassemble into monomers and then incorporate into cell inner membranes. The vesicles can also disassemble in acid food and incorporate into cell surface membrane of gut cells. The research provides a new tool to label the complicated cell membrane structures with up to 3 days long-term labeling for life science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Chendong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , 100029 Beijing, China
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Kumar P, Chand R, Singh V, Pal C. In vitro screening of calli of mungbean to cercosporin, a photoactivated toxin. Indian J Exp Biol 2017; 55:113-121. [PMID: 30184412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mungbean or Green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] is an arid/semiarid pulse crop, native to India, grown mostly as a rotational crop with cereals like wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, etc. It is an affordable source of protein, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals preferred for its nutrient digestibility, food processing properties and bioavailability. India accounts for 65% of mungbean’s world acreage and 54% of its world production. Various pests, diseases and environmental stresses have kept mungbean yield quite unstable over decades and researcher’s worldover are looking for resistant varieties to overcome these challenges. Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by Cercospora canescens is one of the most destructive diseases of mungbean and the key polyketide toxin cercosporin plays an important role in pathogenesis. Such toxins as selective agents in the tissue culture medium can help in selecting genotype with suitable levels of resistance to the toxin and/or to the pathogen among the available germplasm. Here, we standardized the dose of cercosporin for in vitro selection of resistant mungbean genotypes and variable expression of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 NAA and 1.0 mg L-1 BAP was standardized for the development of callus from mungbean using hypocotyls as an explant. The calli from six cultivars of mungbean were tested in medium amended with cercosporin (0-40 µg mL-1) and calli survived up to 20 µg mL-1 of cercosporin. The calli from resistant cultivars survived 83.33-93.00%, and showed lower reduction in fresh weight (25.97-28.83%). Calli from the susceptible cultivars survived 50-60% and showed higher reduction in fresh weight. Callus showed browning, exposure to cercosporin (5-20 µg mL-1). Enzymes assay from survived calli of different cultivars showed higher peroxidase activity (7.90-8.91 ∆OD min-1 mg‑1 callus), superoxide dismutase (0.96-1.03 ∆OD min-1 mg-1 callus) and a lower catalase (0.35-0.43 µ moles of H2O2 utilized min-1 mg‑1 callus) in resistant, followed by moderately resistance and susceptible cultivars. The necrosis in leaves was recorded with 200 µg mL-1 of cercosporin, and no visible necrosis was observed below this concentration. Enzyme assayed from the controlled and cercosporin-treated (100-200 µg mL-1) leaves of mungbean genotypes showed variable activity of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase.
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135
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Jia Y, Wang X, Liu Q, Leung AW, Wang P, Xu C. Sonodynamic action of hypocrellin B triggers cell apoptoisis of breast cancer cells involving caspase pathway. Ultrasonics 2017; 73:154-161. [PMID: 27657480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of sonodynamic action of hypocrellin B on human breast cancer cells and further explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The cell viability of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells was examined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Alterations on cell apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, and DNA fragmentation was analyzed by flow cytometer. The subcellular localization of hypocrellin B was assessed by a confocal laser scanning microscope. Mitochondria damage and nuclear morphological changes were observed under a fluorescence microscope. To further explore whether caspase pathway was involved in cell apoptotic induction of sonodynamic action of hypocrellin B, the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-Val-Ala-DL-Asp (ome)-Fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk) was added to the cells one hour prior to loading the sonosensitizer, and then cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed after hypocrellin B treatment. RESULTS Sonodynamic treatment of hypocrellin B HB significantly suppressed cell viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. Sonodynamic action of hypocrellin B caused excessive ROS accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis, DNA fragmentation and nuclear morphological damage. Moreover, the cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis induced by sonodynamic action of hypocrellin B were remarkably rescued by the caspase spectrum inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that hypocrellin B had significant sonodynamic killing and apoptotic induction effect on breast cancer cells. And cell apoptosis induced by sonodynamic action of hypocrellin B was partly dependent on caspase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Jia
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Albert Wingnang Leung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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136
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Sytar O, Švedienė J, Ložienė K, Paškevičius A, Kosyan A, Taran N. Antifungal properties of hypericin, hypericin tetrasulphonic acid and fagopyrin on pathogenic fungi and spoilage yeasts. Pharm Biol 2016; 54:3121-3125. [PMID: 27564138 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1211716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The role of hypericin-mediated photodynamic antimicrobial properties on pathogenic fungi and photodynamic therapy for human cancer cells is known. Antifungal properties of Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) and Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. (Polygonaceae) extracts were also studied. The different polarities of solvents can cause complication in the identification of antifungal effects of separate biologically active compounds. In recent experimental work, we compared antifungal properties of purified hypericin, hypericin tetrasulphonic acid (hypericin + S) and fagopyrin, which is analogue of hypericin. OBJECTIVE The antifungal properties of aromatic polyketide derivatives such as hypericin, hypericin + S and fagopyrin on the selected pathogenic fungi and spoilage yeasts have been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antifungal properties of hypericin, hypericin + S and fagopyrin were determined using the broth microdilution method against a set of pathogenic fungi and spoilage yeasts including: Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum, Fusarium oxysporum, Exophiala dermatitidis, Candida albicans, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Pichia fermentans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The tested concentrations of hypericin, hypericin + S and fagopyrin ranged from 750 to 0.011 μg/mL and MIC values were evaluated after 48 h incubation at 30 °C. RESULTS The results confirm different antifungal properties of hypericin, hypericin + S and fagopyrin on the selected pathogenic fungi and spoilage yeasts. For pathogenic fungi, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of hypericin ranged 0.18-46.9 μg/mL, hypericin + S 0.18-750 μg/mL and fagopyrin 11.7-46.9 μg/mL. For spoilage yeasts, the MICs of hypericin and hypericin + S ranged 0.18-46.9 and 0.011-0.73 μg/mL, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results obtained herein indicate that various chemical structures of hypericin, hypericin + S and fagopyrin can develop different antifungal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Sytar
- a Department of Plant Physiology , Institute of Biology, Kiev National University of Taras Shevchenko , Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Jurgita Švedienė
- b Nature Research Centre, Institute of Botany , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Kristina Ložienė
- b Nature Research Centre, Institute of Botany , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Algimantas Paškevičius
- b Nature Research Centre, Institute of Botany , Vilnius , Lithuania
- c Laboratory of Microbiology, Centre of Laboratory Medicine , Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių klinikos , Vilnius , Lithuania
| | - Anatolij Kosyan
- a Department of Plant Physiology , Institute of Biology, Kiev National University of Taras Shevchenko , Kiev , Ukraine
| | - Natalija Taran
- a Department of Plant Physiology , Institute of Biology, Kiev National University of Taras Shevchenko , Kiev , Ukraine
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137
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Zhao Y, Li K, He Z, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Miao Z. Investigation on Fluorescence Quenching Mechanism of Perylene Diimide Dyes by Graphene Oxide. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121642. [PMID: 27916897 PMCID: PMC6272842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Perylene diimide derivatives were used as probes to investigate the effect of the molecular structures on the fluorescence quenching mechanism in a perylene diimide/graphene oxide system. The electrons transferred from the excited state of dyes to the conductive band of graphene oxide with different concentrations were determined by fluorescence spectra. The results indicated that the quenching efficiency of perylene diimides by graphene oxide was not only dependent on the difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of dyes and the conduction band of the graphene oxide, but also mainly on the difference in the molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhao
- Department of Applied Statistics and Sciences, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Kexuan Li
- Department of Applied Statistics and Sciences, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China.
| | - Zemin He
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Applied Statistics and Sciences, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Applied Statistics and Sciences, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China.
| | - Haiquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Zongcheng Miao
- Department of Applied Statistics and Sciences, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China.
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138
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Abstract
Benzynes produced by the thermal cycloisomerization of tetrayne substrates [i.e., by the hexadehydro-Diels-Alder (HDDA) reaction] react with perylenes to produce novel naphthoperylene derivatives. Cyclic voltammetry and absorption and emission properties of these compounds are described. DFT studies shed additional light on the dearomatization that accompanies the reaction as well as some of the spectroscopic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Thomas R. Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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139
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Feng Y, Liu L, Hu S, Ren Y, Liu Y, Xiu J, Zhang X. Four-photon-excited fluorescence resonance energy transfer in an aqueous system from ZnSe:Mn/ZnS quantum dots to hypocrellin A. Opt Express 2016; 24:19627-19637. [PMID: 27557241 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.019627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we established a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system between ZnSe:Mn/ZnS quantum dots and Hypocrellin A (HA, a photosensitizer used for photodynamic therapy of cancer) in aqueous solution, excited by four-photon. Here, the QDs are the donors and the HA are the acceptors. The four-photon-excited fluorescence resonance energy transfer spectrum was obtained under 1300nm femtosecond laser pluses. The experimental results indicated that the highest efficiency of FRET can reach up to 61.3%. Furthermore, the viability test in cancer cells was further demonstrated for biological applications of FRET system. When FRET occurs the cell killing rate of the cancer cells will reach to 84.8% with the 1mM concentration of HA. Our work demonstrates that while the four-photon excited FRET system is promising in both optics and biological applications, is also needs further investigation.
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140
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Miranda Cona M, Liu YW, Hubert A, Yin T, Feng YB, de Witte P, Waelkens E, Jiang YS, Zhang J, Mulier S, Xia Q, Huang G, Oyen R, Ni YC. Differential diagnosis of gallstones by using hypericin as a fluorescent optical imaging agent. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:6690-6705. [PMID: 27547012 PMCID: PMC4970481 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i29.6690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the feasibility of using hypericin as an optical imaging probe with affinity for cholesterol for differential fluorescent detection of human gallstones.
METHODS: Cholesterol, mixed and pigment stones from cholecystectomy patients were incubated with hypericin or solvent. After 72 h, the stones were analysed for fluorescence (365 nm) and treated with 2-propanol/dimethyl sulfoxide for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Rats with virtual gallbladder containing human cholesterol, mixed or pigment gallstones (VGHG) received 5 mg/kg hypericin or solvent and VGHG rats with cholesterol stones were given different hypericin doses (5-15 mg/kg). Twelve hours later, the stones were analysed at 365 nm. Biliary excretion and metabolites of hypericin were assessed in common bile duct (CBD) cannulated rats for 9 h using fluorospectrometry, HPLC and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).
RESULTS: Homogeneous high fluorescence was seen on cholesterol stones either pre-incubated with hypericin or extracted from VGHG rats receiving hypericin. Mixed stones showed a dotted fluorescent pattern, whereas pigment and solvent-treated ones lacked fluorescence. HPLC showed 7.68, 6.65 and 0.08 × 10-3 M of cholesterol in extracts from cholesterol, mixed, and pigment gallstones, respectively. Hypericin accounted for 2.0, 0.5 and 0.2 × 10-6 M in that order. On cholesterol stones from VGHG rats receiving different hypericin doses, a positive correlation was observed between dose and fluorescence. In the bile from CBD-cannulated rats, fluorescence represented 20% of the injected dose with two peaks in 9 h. HPLC analysis revealed that hypericin conjugates reached 60% of the peak area. By MALDI-TOF MS, hypericin-glucuronide was detected.
CONCLUSION: This study proves the potential use of hypericin for differential fluorescent detection of human gallstones regarding their chemical composition.
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141
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Asanuma H, Niwa R, Akahane M, Murayama K, Kashida H, Kamiya Y. Strand-invading linear probe combined with unmodified PNA. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4129-4137. [PMID: 27394693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Efficient strand invasion by a linear probe to fluorescently label double-stranded DNA has been implemented by employing a probe and unmodified PNA. As a fluorophore, we utilized ethynylperylene. Multiple ethynylperylene residues were incorporated into the DNA probe via a d-threoninol scaffold. The ethynylperylene did not significantly disrupt hybridization with complementary DNA. The linear probe self-quenched in the absence of target DNA and did not hybridize with PNA. A gel-shift assay revealed that linear probe and PNA combination invaded the central region of double-stranded DNA upon heat-shock treatment to form a double duplex. To further suppress the background emission and increase the stability of the probe/DNA duplex, a probe containing anthraquinones as well as ethynylperylene was synthesized. This probe and PNA invader pair detected an internal sequence in a double-stranded DNA with high sensitivity when heat shock treatment was used. The probe and PNA pair was able to invade at the terminus of a long double-stranded DNA at 40°C at 100mM NaCl concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Asanuma
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Rie Niwa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Mariko Akahane
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Keiji Murayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiromu Kashida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kamiya
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Yang XD, Sun XM, Wang Q, Cui J, Ji YS, Xue HB, Hu SF, Su PP, Li JY, Meng LW, Qiao JC, Ding YH, Song D, Wu Q, Fang Q, Chen XZ. [In vitro Effect of Hypericin against Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2016; 34:203-207. [PMID: 30129356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the killing effect of hypericin on tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain in vitro. METHODS Normal saline (group A) and different concentrations of hypericin (5 μg/ml, group B; 50 μg/ml, group C; 500 μg/ml, group D) were added to T. gondii tachyzoites in 24-well plate(1×10(6)/well). The tachyzoites were harvested after 2, 4 and 6 h, and underwent the following treatment: trypan blue staining to calculate the dyeing rate, Giemsa staining to observe the morphological and structural alterations of tachyzoites, and transmission electron microscopy to observe the ultrastructure of tachyzoites. In addition, flow cytometry was performed to calculate the survival rate of YFP-carrying Toxoplasma with the same treatment. RESULTS The trypan blue dyeing rate at 2 h after treatment in groups B, C and D was(11.0±3.6)%, (25.0±6.3)% and(40.0±2.7)% respectively, with a significant difference of group D versus B and C (P<0.01), and groups C and D versus group A [(6.0±3.0)%)]. The dyeing rate at 4 h and 6 h in group D was(97.0±2.0)% and (98.0±1.7)%, respectively, both significantly higher than that of groups C [(30.0±7.2)%, (42.7±5.5)%], B [(20.0±3.0)%, (34.0±6.6)%] and A [(10.0±1.0)%, (19.3±4.9)%](P<0.01). Giemsa staining showed gradual end swelling and necrosis of tachyzoites with increased treatment duration and dosage. Transmission electron microscopy showed swelling of worm body, gap between cell membrane and matrix, increase and enlargement of vacuoles inside worm body, disruption of cell membrane, and dissolving of inner structures, with increased treatment duration. Flow cytometry showed significant difference of tachyzoite survival rate at 2, 4 and 6 h after hypericin treatment with that of the control group(P<0.01). The survival rate of group C at 2 h after hypericin treatment was(7.9±1.9)%, significantly lower than that of groups B [(38.1±5.5)%] and A [(81.8±6.0)%] (P<0.01). No tachyzoite was found to survive in group D at 2 h and in group C at 4 h. The survival rate of group B at 4 and 6 h after hypericin treatment was(14.3±7.9)% and (1.4±1.8)%, respectively, both significantly lower than that of group A[(73.8±11.3)% and(64.1±14.4)%, respectively] (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Hypericin has a remarkable killing effect on T. gondii tachyzoites, and the efficacy positively correlates with the dose and treatment duration.
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Lv X, Li Z, Li S, Luan G, Liang D, Tang S, Jin R. Design of Acceptors with Suitable Frontier Molecular Orbitals to Match Donors via Substitutions on Perylene Diimide for Organic Solar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050721. [PMID: 27187370 PMCID: PMC4881543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives have been investigated at the CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(d) and the TD-B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) levels to design solar cell acceptors with high performance in areas such as suitable frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energies to match oligo(thienylenevinylene) derivatives and improved charge transfer properties. The calculated results reveal that the substituents slightly affect the distribution patterns of FMOs for PDI-BI. The electron withdrawing group substituents decrease the FMO energies of PDI-BI, and the electron donating group substituents slightly affect the FMO energies of PDI-BI. The di-electron withdrawing group substituents can tune the FMOs of PDI-BI to be more suitable for the oligo(thienylenevinylene) derivatives. The electron withdrawing group substituents result in red shifts of absorption spectra and electron donating group substituents result in blue shifts for PDI-BI. The –CN substituent can improve the electron transport properties of PDI-BI. The –CH3 group in different positions slightly affects the electron transport properties of PDI-BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Lv
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Zhuoxin Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Songyang Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Guoyou Luan
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Dadong Liang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Shanshan Tang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Ruifa Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China.
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Kucharíková A, Kimáková K, Janfelt C, Čellárová E. Interspecific variation in localization of hypericins and phloroglucinols in the genus Hypericum as revealed by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Physiol Plant 2016; 157:2-12. [PMID: 26822391 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants of the genus Hypericum are widely known for their therapeutic properties. The most biologically active compounds of this genus are naphtodianthrones and phloroglucinols. Indirect desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) imaging allows visualization and localization of secondary metabolites in different plant tissues. This study is focused on localization of major secondary compounds in the leaves of 17 different in vitro cultured Hypericum species classified in 11 sections. Generally, all identified naphtodianthrones, protohypericin, hypericin, protopseudohypericin and pseudohypericin were co-localized in the dark glands of eight hypericin producing species at the site of their accumulation. The known phloroglucinols, hyperforin, adhyperforin, hyperfirin and some new phloroglucinols with m/z [M - H](-) 495 and 569 were localized in the translucent and pale cavities within the leaf in the majority of studied species. The comparison of different Hypericum species revealed an interspecific variation in the distribution of the dark and translucent glands corresponding with the localization of hypericins and phloroglucinols. Moreover, similarities in the localization and composition of the phloroglucinols were observed in the species belonging to the same section. Adding to various quantitative studies focused on the detection of secondary metabolites, this work using indirect DESI-MSI offers additional valuable information about localization of the above-mentioned compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kucharíková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Kimáková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Čellárová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 54, Košice, Slovakia
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145
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Abstract
We have earlier reported antileishmanial activity of hypericin by spermidine starvation. In the current report, we have used label free proteome quantitation approach to identify differentially modulated proteins after hypericin treatment. A total of 141 proteins were found to be differentially regulated with ANOVA P value less than 0.05 in hypericin treated Leishmania promastigotes. Differentially modulated proteins have been broadly classified under nine major categories. Increase in ribosomal protein S7 protein suggests the repression of translation. Inhibition of proteins related to ubiquitin proteasome system, RNA binding protein and translation initiation factor also suggests altered translation. We have also observed increased expression of Hsp 90, Hsp 83-1 and stress inducible protein 1. Significant decreased level of cyclophilin was observed. These stress related protein could be cellular response of the parasite towards hypericin induced cellular stress. Also, defective metabolism, biosynthesis and replication of nucleic acids, flagellar movement and signalling of the parasite were observed as indicated by altered expression of proteins involved in these pathways. The data was analyzed rigorously to get further insight into hypericin induced parasitic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India- 781039
| | - Vikash Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India- 781039
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146
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Hsiao YS, Liao YH, Chen HL, Chen P, Chen FC. Organic Photovoltaics and Bioelectrodes Providing Electrical Stimulation for PC12 Cell Differentiation and Neurite Outgrowth. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:9275-9284. [PMID: 26999636 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Current bioelectronic medicines for neurological therapies generally involve treatment with a bioelectronic system comprising a power supply unit and a bioelectrode device. Further integration of wireless and self-powered units is of practical importance for implantable bioelectronics. In this study, we developed biocompatible organic photovoltaics (OPVs) for serving as wireless electrical power supply units that can be operated under illumination with near-infrared (NIR) light, and organic bioelectronic interface (OBEI) electrode devices as neural stimulation electrodes. The OPV/OBEI integrated system is capable to provide electrical stimulation (ES) as a means of enhancing neuron-like PC12 cell differentiation and neurite outgrowth. For the OPV design, we prepared devices incorporating two photoactive material systems--β-carotene/N,N'-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-perylenedicarboximide (β-carotene/PTCDI-C8) and poly(3-hexylthiophene)/phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM)--that exhibited open circuit voltages of 0.11 and 0.49 V, respectively, under NIR light LED (NLED) illumination. Then, we connected OBEI devices with different electrode gaps, incorporating biocompatible poly(hydroxymethylated-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), to OPVs to precisely tailor the direct current electric field conditions during the culturing of PC12 cells. This NIR light-driven OPV/OBEI system could be engineered to provide tunable control over the electric field (from 220 to 980 mV mm(-1)) to promote 64% enhancement in the neurite length, direct the neurite orientation on chips, or both. The OPV/OBEI integrated systems under NIR illumination appear to function as effective power delivery platforms that should meet the requirements for wirelessly offering medical ES to a portion of the nervous system; they might also be a key technology for the development of next-generation implantable bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Hsiao
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology , 84 Gunjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City 243 Taiwan
| | - Yan-Hao Liao
- Department of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
| | - Huan-Lin Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology , 84 Gunjuan Road, Taishan, New Taipei City 243 Taiwan
| | - Peilin Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica , 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Fang-Chung Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan
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147
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Abstract
A novel smart fluorescent drug delivery system composed of a perylene diimide (PDI) core and block copolymer poly(d,l-lactide)-b-poly(ethyl ethylene phosphate) is developed and named as PDI-star-(PLA-b-PEEP)8. The biodegradable PDI-star-(PLA-b-PEEP)8 is a unimolecular micelle and can self-assemble into supramolecular micelles, called as fluorescent supramolecular micelles (FSMs), in aqueous media. An insoluble drug camptothecin (CPT) can be effectively loaded into the FSMs and exhibits pH-responsive release. Moreover, the FSMs with good biocompatibility can also be employed as a remarkable fluorescent probe for cell labelling because the maximum emission of PDI is beneficial for bio-imaging. The flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis demonstrate that the micelles are easily endocytosed by cancer cells. In vitro and in vivo tumor growth-inhibitory studies reveal a better therapeutic effect of FSMs after CPT encapsulation when compared with the free CPT drug. The multifunctional FSM nanomedicine platform as a nanovehicle has great potential for fluorescence imaging-guided cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenyan Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinghua Dong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Wantai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
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148
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Chang JE, Cho HJ, Yi E, Kim DD, Jheon S. Hypocrellin B and paclitaxel-encapsulated hyaluronic acid-ceramide nanoparticles for targeted photodynamic therapy in lung cancer. J Photochem Photobiol B 2016; 158:113-21. [PMID: 26967521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To increase the therapeutic efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating lung cancer, we developed both photosensitizer and anticancer drug encapsulated hyaluronic acid-ceramide nanoparticles. Based on our previous study, a co-delivery system of photosensitizers and anticancer agents greatly improves the therapeutic effect of PDT. Furthermore, hyaluronic acid-ceramide-based nanoparticles are ideal targeting carriers for lung cancer. In vitro phototoxicity in A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cells and in vivo antitumor efficacy in A549 tumor-bearing mice treated with hypocrellin B (HB)-loaded nanoparticles (HB-NPs) or hypocrellin B and paclitaxel loaded nanoparticles (HB-P-NPs) were evaluated. Cell viability assay, microscopic analysis and FACS analysis were performed for the in vitro studies and HB-P-NPs showed enhanced phototoxicity compared with HB-NPs. In the animal study, the tumor volume change and the histological analysis was studied and the anticancer efficacy improved in the order of free HB<HB-NPs<HB-P-NPs. In conclusion, the combination therapy of PDT and chemotherapy, and hyaluronic acid-ceramide nanoparticle-based targeted delivery improved the effects of PDT in lung cancer in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Chang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjue Yi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Jheon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Verebova V, Belej D, Joniova J, Jurasekova Z, Miskovsky P, Kozar T, Horvath D, Stanicova J, Huntosova V. Deeper insights into the drug defense of glioma cells against hydrophobic molecules. Int J Pharm 2016; 503:56-67. [PMID: 26940808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
By means of fluorescence microscopy the intracellular distribution of fluorescent drugs with different hydrophobicity (quinizarin, emodin and hypericin) was studied. Selective photoactivation of these drugs in precisely defined position (nuclear envelope) allowed moderately hydrophobic emodin enter the nucleus. Highly hydrophobic hypericin was predominantly kept in the membranes with no fluorescence observed in the nucleus. The redistribution of quinizarin, emodin and hypericin between lipids, proteins and DNA was studied in solutions and cells. Based on these results was proposed theoretical model of hydrophobic drugs' nuclear internalization after photo-activation. Molecular docking models showed that hypericin has the strongest affinity to P-glycoprotein involved in the cell detoxification. Presence of 10 μM quinizarin, emodin or hypericin increased P-glycoprotein function in U87 MG cells. Moreover, emodin pretreatment allowed quinizarin nuclear internalization without photo-activation, which was not the case for hypericin. The synergy of such pretreatment and photo-activation should lessen the drug doses with simultaneous increase of drug efficacy triggering cell apoptosis/necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Verebova
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Dominik Belej
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Jaroslava Joniova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Jurasekova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia; Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Pavol Miskovsky
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia; Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Tibor Kozar
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Denis Horvath
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Stanicova
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Salmovska 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Huntosova
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia.
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150
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Sakowska J, Anyzewska M, Łozak A, Kowalczuk A, Jabłczyńska R. TESTING PHARMACEUTICAL RELEASE OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM MEDICINAL PRODUCTS CONTAINING ST. JOHN'S WORT. Acta Pol Pharm 2016; 73:395-401. [PMID: 27180432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the content of hypericins and flavonoids in tablets and capsules containing the extract or powdered herb of St. John's wort, in herbs for infusion and herbal infusions and to release of these compounds from tablets and capsules. HPLC method was used to determine the assay of hypericins and flavonoids in all tested products. The hypericins content was between 0.35 mg and 1.44 mg per tablet or capsule. The release of hypericins from these products in the phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 is between 30 and 60% of the determined content. The degree of hypericins release from herbs into infusions was 15% on average, which corresponds to 0.64 mg of hypericins per infusion of 4 g of herbs. The flavonoids content was between 8.79 and 36.3 mg per tablet or capsule. The release of flavonoids in the phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 is between 63 and 85% of the determined content. The degree of flavonoids release was 76% on average, which corresponds to 77.0 mg per infusion of 4 g of herbs. The test results confirmed that infusions from the St. John's wort constitute are a rich source of flavonoids. At the same time, the universally accepted opinion that aqueous infusions contain only trace amounts of hypericins was not confirmed. Infusions from Herba hyperici may also be a source of hypericins in amounts comparable with the minimum dose recommended for the treatment of mild to moderate depressive episodes.
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