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Xiao Y, Liu Y, Lai Z, Huang J, Li C, Zhang Y, Gong X, Deng J, Ye X, Li X. An integrated network pharmacology and transcriptomic method to explore the mechanism of the total Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids in improving diabetic nephropathy. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 270:113806. [PMID: 33444721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizoma Coptidis (RC) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) used for treating diabetes (Xiao Ke Zheng), which is firstly recorded in Shennong Bencao Jing. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that RC has beneficial effects on diabetes and its complications. Alkaloids are the main active pharmacological component of RC. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of total Rhizoma Coptidis alkaloids (TRCA) in improving diabetic nephropathy (DN) are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To verify the effect of TRCA in the treatment of DN and clarify the molecular mechanism by combining network pharmacology and transcriptomic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight-week-old db/db mice were orally administered with normal saline, 100 mg/kg TRCA, and 100 mg/kg berberine (BBR) for 8 weeks. Serum, urine, and kidney samples were collected to measure biological indicators and observe renal pathological changes. Then, the molecular mechanism of TRCA improving DN was predicted by the network pharmacology. Briefly, the main active alkaloids components of TRCA and their targets were collected from the database, as well as the potential targets of DN. Using the Cytoscape software to visualize the interactive network diagram of "ingredient-target". The GO and KEGG pathways enrichment analysis of the core targets were executed by Metascape. Furthermore, RNA-seq was used to get whole transcriptomes from the kidneys of db/m mice, db/db mice, and db/db mice treated with TRCA. The key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were gathered to conduct the GO and KEGG pathways enrichment analysis. Finally, the potential pathways were validated by western blotting. RESULTS The administration of BBR or TRCA for 8 weeks significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight of db/db mice, and improved their renal function and lipid disorders. According to H&E, PAS, and Masson staining, both the BBR and TRCA could alleviate renal damage and fibrosis. The Venn diagram had shown that seven alkaloids ingredients collected from TRCA regulated 85 common targets merged in the TRCA and DN. The results of RNA-seq indicated that there are 121 potential targets for TRCA treatment on DN. Intriguingly, both the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and the PI3k-Akt signaling pathway were included in the KEGG pathways enrichment results of network pharmacology and RNA-seq. Moreover, we verified that TRCA down-regulated the expression of related proteins in the AGEs-RAGE-TGFβ/Smad2 and PI3K-Akt pathways in the kidney tissues. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the renal protection of TRCA on DN may be related to activation of the AGEs-RAGE-TGFβ/Smad2 and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zhihui Lai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jieyao Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Chunming Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaobao Gong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jianling Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Xuegang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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Chen S, Wang Y, Liang C, Li J, Li Y, Wu Q, Liu Z, Pang X, Chang YX. Buyang Huanwu Decoction ameliorates atherosclerosis by regulating TGF-β/Smad2 pathway to promote the differentiation of regulatory T cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 269:113724. [PMID: 33359003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As a classic prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Correction on the Errors of Medical Works, Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) has a good curative effect on prevention of atherosclerosis (AS). AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to elucidate the anti-atherosclerosis mechanism of BYHWD, which may promote the differentiation of regulatory T cells by regulating the TGF-β/Smad2 pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, then drugs group were given BYHWD with intragastric administration once a day for 4 weeks. The effect of BYHWD on lipid content in peripheral blood and plaque was evaluated by blood lipid test and oil red O staining. The number of Tregs in peripheral blood was tested by flow cytometry, and that in the spleen was evaluated by immunohistochemistry methods. Gene and protein expression relating with Tregs differentiation pathway in mice were checked by RT-PCR and Western blot experiments. CD4+T cells were isolated and interfered by BYHWD drug-loaded serum. The proportion of Tregs was evaluated by flow cytometry. The chemical compositions of BYHWD and rat drug-loaded serum were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS BYHWD significantly reduced plaque area and cholesterol accumulation, increased the number of Tregs in spleen and peripheral blood of ApoE-/- AS mice, raised the proportion of Tregs in CD4+T cells, and regulated the levels of inflammatory factors. It also increased the TGF-β and Smad2 mRNA and protein levels relating with Tregs differentiation pathway in vivo. The mRNA levels of Foxp3/TGF-β/Smad2 were enhanced via BYHWD in vitro. CONCLUSIONS BYHWD regulates TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway to promotes the peripheral differentiation of Tregs, increases the number of Tregs, restores the immune balance between CD4+T cells, regulates lipid metabolism, inhibits inflammatory reaction and possesses the potential of enhancing plaque stability.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/chemically induced
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cytokines/drug effects
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/drug effects
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Lipids/blood
- Male
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/chemically induced
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/drug therapy
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Serum/chemistry
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Smad2 Protein/genetics
- Smad2 Protein/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratories of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratories of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Chunxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratories of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratories of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Academy of Nursing, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Academy of Nursing, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Academy of Nursing, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratories of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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103
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Liu J, Chen Y, Cao Z, Guan B, Peng J, Chen Y, Zhan Z, Sferra TJ, Sankararaman S, Lin J. Babao Dan inhibits the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the TGF-β/Smad pathway. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520925598. [PMID: 32529872 PMCID: PMC7294507 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520925598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-metastatic effects of Babao Dan (BBD) on gastric cancer (GC) cells (AGS and MGC80-3) and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms by which it inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). METHODS AGS and MGC80-3 cells were treated with BBD. In addition, cells were treated with the EMT inducer transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay, and the live cell ratio was calculated via cell counting. Cell invasion and migration were evaluated using the Transwell assay. Western blotting was performed to measure the protein expression of EMT biomarkers and related genes. RESULTS BBD inhibited the viability, migration, and invasion of AGS and MGC80-3 cells, but it did not reduce the live cell ratio. Furthermore, BBD inhibited the expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox (ZEB)1, ZEB2, Twist1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, MMP9, TGF-β1, and p-Smad2/3, whereas E-cadherin expression was increased in AGS and MGC80-3 cells to different degrees. Using a GC cell model of EMT induced by TGF-β1, we proved that BBD inhibited p-Smad2/3 and N-cadherin expression, cell migration, and cell invasion. CONCLUSION BBD suppressed cell migration and invasion by inhibiting TGF-β-induced EMT and inactivating TGF-β/Smad signaling in GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yongan Chen
- Department of Oncology, The 455th Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyun Cao
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Bin Guan
- Research and Development Department of Xiamen Traditonal Chinese Medicine Co. Ltd, Xiamen Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Youqin Chen
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zhixue Zhan
- Department of Oncology, The 455th Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Thomas Joseph Sferra
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R. China
- Jiumao Lin, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China.
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104
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Zhuang Y, Li X, Zhan P, Pi G, Wen G. MMP11 promotes the proliferation and progression of breast cancer through stabilizing Smad2 protein. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:16. [PMID: 33649832 PMCID: PMC7876999 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in women. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzyme family plays a complex role in the development of BC. There is increasing evidence that MMP11 plays a major role in BC; however, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. The present study confirmed by analysing clinical samples and TCGA data sets, that high expression of MMP11 in clinical samples of BC was strongly associated with a poor prognosis in BC patients. In addition, MTT and colony formation assays indicated that the proliferative capacity of BC was affected when MMP11 expression changed. Furthermore, pathway enrichment analysis was performed and it was revealed that the TGF‑β signalling pathway was a potential downstream target of MMP11. In the TGF‑β signalling pathway, MMP11 could significantly regulate the protein expression levels of Smad2 and Smad3 and inhibit the degradation of Smad2 through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway as determined by western blotting. In vivo, it was further verified that MMP11 knockdown could inhibit tumour proliferation and growth. Collectively, the present results demonstrated that MMP11 inhibited the degradation of Smad2 in the TGF‑β signalling pathway, thereby promoting the development of BC. Thus, MMP11 expression was not only revealed to be an important indicator of BC prognosis but may also be an important therapeutic target for further prevention of BC growth and proliferation. The present study indicated that MMP11‑targeted therapy may provide new solutions for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhuang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Guoliang Pi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Gu Wen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
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105
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Chen D, Wang K, Zheng Y, Wang G, Jiang M. Exosomes-Mediated LncRNA ZEB1-AS1 Facilitates Cell Injuries by miR-590-5p/ETS1 Axis Through the TGF-β/Smad Pathway in Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein-induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:480-490. [PMID: 33818551 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-induced inflammation of the vessel wall. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein was confirmed to drive the onset of atherogenesis. Zinc finger e-box-binding homeobox 1 antisense 1 (ZEB1-AS1) is a long noncoding RNA that is involved in human diseases, including atherosclerosis. In this study, the role of exosomes-mediated ZEB1-AS1 and its underlying mechanisms in atherosclerosis were explored in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Exosomes were extracted from HUVECs. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to measure the expression of ZEB1-AS1, microRNA-590-5p (miR-590-5p), or erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS1) in cells or exosomes. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Western blot was performed to detect apoptosis-related factors, ETS1, and TGF-β/Smad pathway protein levels. The secretion of inflammatory factors in supernatant was detected by ELISA assay. Oxidative stress damage indicators were used to assess cellular damage. Relationship between miR-590-5p and ZEB1-AS1 or ETS1 was analyzed. Our data indicated that ox-LDL-induced exosomes-mediated ZEB1-AS1 in HUVECs. Ox-LDL treatment resulted in limited proliferation, proapoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress damage, whereas knockdown of ZEB1-AS1 could reverse these effects. Mechanically, ZEB1-AS1 sponged miR-590-5p to regulate ETS1 expression. MiR-590-5p knockdown inverted effects above of si-ZEB1-AS1 on HUVECs under ox-LDL exposure. Moreover, ETS1 reversed miR-590-5p-induced effects and activated the TGF-β/Smad pathway in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that exosomes-mediated ZEB1-AS1 enhanced cell injuries by miR-590-5p/ETS1 axis through the TGF-β/Smad pathway in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs, suggesting that inhibiting ZEB1-AS1 might be an effective way for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Zhuji, China
| | - Kunwei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Tianyou Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China ; and
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Shanghai Putuo, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China ; and
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106
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Cheriyamundath S, Kumar A, Gavert N, Brabletz T, Ben-Ze’ev A. The Collagen-Modifying Enzyme PLOD2 Is Induced and Required during L1-Mediated Colon Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3552. [PMID: 33805564 PMCID: PMC8038063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The overactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We identified the cell adhesion molecule L1CAM (L1) as a target of β-catenin-TCF transactivation in CRC cells. The overexpression of L1 in CRC cells confers enhanced proliferation, motility, tumorigenesis and liver metastasis, and L1 is exclusively localized in the invasive areas of human CRC tissue. A number of genes are induced after L1 transfection into CRC cells by a mechanism involving the cytoskeletal protein ezrin and the NF-κB pathway. When studying the changes in gene expression in CRC cells overexpressing L1 in which ezrin levels were suppressed by shRNA to ezrin, we discovered the collagen-modifying enzyme lysyl hydroxylase 2 (PLOD2) among these genes. We found that increased PLOD2 expression was required for the cellular processes conferred by L1, including enhanced proliferation, motility, tumorigenesis and liver metastasis, since the suppression of endogenous PLOD2 expression, or its enzymatic activity, blocked the enhanced tumorigenic properties conferred by L1. The mechanism involved in increased PLOD2 expression by L1 involves ezrin signaling and PLOD2 that affect the SMAD2/3 pathway. We found that PLOD2 is localized in the colonic crypts in the stem cell compartment of the normal mucosa and is found at increased levels in invasive areas of the tumor and, in some cases, throughout the tumor tissue. The therapeutic strategies to target PLOD2 expression might provide a useful approach for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanith Cheriyamundath
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (S.C.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Anmol Kumar
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (S.C.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Nancy Gavert
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (S.C.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Feibiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Avri Ben-Ze’ev
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (S.C.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
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107
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Park SJ, Choi H, Kim JH, Kim CS. Antifibrotic effects of eupatilin on TGF-β1-treated human vocal fold fibroblasts. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249041. [PMID: 33765087 PMCID: PMC7993872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vocal fold scarring is a major cause of dysphonia. Vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs) and the TGF-β signaling pathway play important roles in scar formation. Eupatilin, a chromone derivative of the Artemisia species, is a traditional folk remedy for wound healing. However, until recently, few studies investigated the therapeutic effects of eupatilin. We investigated the antifibrogenic effects of eupatilin on TGF-β1-treated human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFFs). The optimal concentration of eupatilin was determined by a cell viability assay. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin during myofibroblast differentiation, fibronectin (FN), collagen type I (Col I), and collagen type III (Col III) extracellular matrix proteins, and Smad2, Smad3, and p38 in the fibrotic pathway. Measurements were made before and after eupatilin treatment. Eupatilin at 100 nM was shown to be safe for use in hVFFs. TGF-β1 induced hVFFs to proliferate and differentiate into myofibroblasts and increased Col III and FN synthesis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Eupatilin suppressed TGF-β1-induced hVFF proliferation and differentiation into myofibroblasts through the Smad and p38 signaling pathways. Furthermore, eupatilin inhibited TGF-β1-induced FN, Col I, and Col III synthesis in hVFFs. Our in vitro findings show that eupatilin effectively suppressed TGF-β1-induced fibrotic changes in hVFFs via the Smad and p38 signaling pathways. Thus, eupatilin may be considered a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of vocal fold fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Joon Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Choi
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Heon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Daejeon St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choung-Soo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Daejeon St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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108
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Sun X, Bernhardt SM, Glynn DJ, Hodson LJ, Woolford L, Evdokiou A, Yan C, Du H, Robertson SA, Ingman WV. Attenuated TGFB signalling in macrophages decreases susceptibility to DMBA-induced mammary cancer in mice. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:39. [PMID: 33761981 PMCID: PMC7992865 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFB1) is a multi-functional cytokine that regulates mammary gland development and cancer progression through endocrine, paracrine and autocrine mechanisms. TGFB1 also plays roles in tumour development and progression, and its increased expression is associated with an increased breast cancer risk. Macrophages are key target cells for TGFB1 action, also playing crucial roles in tumourigenesis. However, the precise role of TGFB-regulated macrophages in the mammary gland is unclear. This study investigated the effect of attenuated TGFB signalling in macrophages on mammary gland development and mammary cancer susceptibility in mice. METHODS A transgenic mouse model was generated, wherein a dominant negative TGFB receptor is activated in macrophages, in turn attenuating the TGFB signalling pathway specifically in the macrophage population. The mammary glands were assessed for morphological changes through wholemount and H&E analysis, and the abundance and phenotype of macrophages were analysed through immunohistochemistry. Another cohort of mice received carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), and tumour development was monitored weekly. Human non-neoplastic breast tissue was also immunohistochemically assessed for latent TGFB1 and macrophage marker CD68. RESULTS Attenuation of TGFB signalling resulted in an increase in the percentage of alveolar epithelium in the mammary gland at dioestrus and an increase in macrophage abundance. The phenotype of macrophages was also altered, with inflammatory macrophage markers iNOS and CCR7 increased by 110% and 40%, respectively. A significant decrease in DMBA-induced mammary tumour incidence and prolonged tumour-free survival in mice with attenuated TGFB signalling were observed. In human non-neoplastic breast tissue, there was a significant inverse relationship between latent TGFB1 protein and CD68-positive macrophages. CONCLUSIONS TGFB acts on macrophage populations in the mammary gland to reduce their abundance and dampen the inflammatory phenotype. TGFB signalling in macrophages increases mammary cancer susceptibility potentially through suppression of immune surveillance activities of macrophages.
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MESH Headings
- 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene/adverse effects
- Animals
- Disease Susceptibility
- Disease-Free Survival
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Estrous Cycle
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Human/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Human/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Smad2 Protein/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah M Bernhardt
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Danielle J Glynn
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leigh J Hodson
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lucy Woolford
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andreas Evdokiou
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Wendy V Ingman
- Discipline of Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
- Discipline of Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, DX465702, 28 Woodville Rd., Woodville, 5011, Australia.
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109
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Pan K, Lu J, Song Y. Artesunate ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced airway remodelling via PPAR-γ/TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling pathway. Respir Res 2021; 22:91. [PMID: 33757521 PMCID: PMC7989207 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodelling is the major pathological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and leads to poorly reversible airway obstruction. Current pharmacological interventions are ineffective in controlling airway remodelling. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of artesunate in preventing and treating airway remodelling and the underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. METHODS A COPD rat model was established by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. After 12 weeks of artesunate treatment, pathological changes in the lung tissues of COPD rats were examined by ELISA and histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. A lung functional experiment was also carried out to elucidate the effects of artesunate. Human bronchial smooth muscle (HBSM) cells were used to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Artesunate treatment inhibited CS-induced airway inflammation and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner and significantly reduced airway remodelling by inhibiting α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and cyclin D1 expression. PPAR-γ was upregulated and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling was inactivated by artesunate treatment in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, PPAR-γ knockdown by siRNA transfection abolished artesunate-mediated inhibition of HBSM cell proliferation by activiting the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling pathway and downregulating the expression of α-SMA and cyclin D1 in HBSM cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that artesunate could be used to treat airway remodelling by regulating PPAR-γ/TGF-β1/Smad signalling in the context of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Juanjuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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110
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Patel MR, Weaver AM. Astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles promote synapse formation via fibulin-2-mediated TGF-β signaling. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108829. [PMID: 33691102 PMCID: PMC8002899 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal synapse formation is critical for brain development and depends on secreted factors from astrocytes. Here, we report that small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from primary astrocytes, but not from neurons or C6 glioma cells, greatly enhance spine and synapse formation by primary cortical neurons. A comparative proteomics analysis of small EVs from astrocytes, neurons, and C6 glioma cells identified fibulin-2 as a promising EV cargo to regulate synaptogenesis. Treatment of cortical neurons with recombinant fibulin-2 increased the formation of spines and synapses, similar to the effect of small EVs. In addition, treatment of neurons with fibulin-2 or astrocyte-derived small EVs led to increased phosphorylation of Smad2, an indicator of TGF-β signaling. Finally, the effects of fibulin-2 and astrocyte-derived small EVs on synapse formation were reversed by inhibiting transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling. These data suggest a model in which astrocyte EVs promote synapse formation via fibulin-2-mediated activation of TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikin R Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alissa M Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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111
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Xiao Y, Deng J, Li C, Gong X, Gui Z, Huang J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ye X, Li X. Epiberberine ameliorated diabetic nephropathy by inactivating the angiotensinogen (Agt) to repress TGFβ/Smad2 pathway. Phytomedicine 2021; 83:153488. [PMID: 33571918 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes with prominent morbidity and mortality. At present, there are hardly any effective drugs to treat DN. Epiberberine (EPI), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has attracted considerable attention due to its anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-inflammatory functions. However, whether there is a protective effect of EPI on DN has not been reported. PURPOSE The research was aimed to investigate the activities of EPI alleviating kidney damage in db/db mice and to explore its possible mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN The db/db mice and high-glucose (HG) induced glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) were used to explore the protective effect of EPI on DN in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The changes in fasting blood glucose, metabolic index, renal function, and histopathological morphology in db/db mice were detected to evaluate the therapeutic effect of EPI. Then, renal transcriptome and molecular docking were used to screen the key targets. Subsequently, HG-induced GMCs through mimicing the pathological changes in DN were utilized to study the renal protective effects of EPI and its potential mechanism. RESULTS The results in vivo showed that EPI administration for 8 weeks significantly alleviated diabetes-related metabolic disorders, improved renal functions, and relieved the histopathological abnormalities of renal tissue, especially renal fibrosis in db/db mice. The results in vitro showed that EPI inhibited the proliferation and induced the G2/M phase arrest of HG-induced GMCs. Moreover, a key gene Angiotensinogen (Agt) was screen out by the RNA-seq of kidney and molecular docking, and EPI reduced Agt, TGFβ1, and Smad2 expression in vitro and in vivo. Noteworthy, Agt knockdown by siRNA significantly attenuated these beneficial efficacies exerted by EPI, indicating that Agt played a crucial role in the process of EPI improving DN. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that EPI might be a potential drug for the treatment of DN dependent on the Agt-TGFβ/Smad2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute. Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jianling Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute. Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Chunming Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute. Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaobao Gong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute. Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhenwei Gui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jieyao Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute. Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute. Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xuegang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute. Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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112
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Lu YG, Tan H, Ma Q, Li XX, Cui J, Zhang X, Liang XL, Tie YQ. SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) prevents cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction through ERK/SMAD signaling pathway. Hum Cell 2021; 34:325-334. [PMID: 33415691 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. MI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. C57/BL6J mice were randomly administered with 3.0 mg/kg/day PHPS1 (PHPS1-treated group) or normal saline (model group) by intraperitoneal injection. After 4 weeks of infusion, the effects of PHPS1 on cardiac remodeling were evaluated. Echocardiography results showed that PHPS1 treatment aggravated the MI-induced deterioration of cardiac function, with worse cardiac function parameters. PHPS1 treatment significantly increased the infarcted area, as well as the fibrotic area and the expression of collagen I and collagen III. Western blots and immunofluorescence staining showed that PHPS1 treatment up-regulated the expression of p-GRK2, p-SMAD2/3 and p-ERK1/2, while U0126 reversed the effect of PHPS1. The present study indicated that PHPS1 treatment contributed to myocardial fibrosis and infarction by activating ERK/SMAD signaling pathway, suggesting that SHP-2 may be a promising treatment target for cardiac remodeling after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gang Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - He Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Jia Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xue-Lei Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yan-Qing Tie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348, Heping Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China.
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113
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Irvine AF, Waise S, Green EW, Stuart B, Thomas GJ. Characterising cancer-associated fibroblast heterogeneity in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3727. [PMID: 33580106 PMCID: PMC7881148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumour microenvironment with evidence suggesting they represent a heterogeneous population. This study summarises the prognostic role of all proteins characterised in CAFs with immunohistochemistry in non-small cell lung cancer thus far. The functions of these proteins in cellular processes crucial to CAFs are also analysed. Five databases were searched to extract survival outcomes from published studies and statistical techniques, including a novel method, used to capture missing values from the literature. A total of 26 proteins were identified, 21 of which were combined into 7 common cellular processes key to CAFs. Quality assessments for sensitivity analyses were carried out for each study using the REMARK criteria whilst publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. Random effects models consistently identified the expression of podoplanin (Overall Survival (OS)/Disease-specific Survival (DSS), univariate analysis HR 2.25, 95% CIs 1.80-2.82) and α-SMA (OS/DSS, univariate analysis HR 2.11, 95% CIs 1.18-3.77) in CAFs as highly prognostic regardless of outcome measure or analysis method. Moreover, proteins involved in maintaining and generating the CAF phenotype (α-SMA, TGF-β and p-Smad2) proved highly significant after sensitivity analysis (HR 2.74, 95% CIs 1.74-4.33) supporting attempts at targeting this pathway for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Irvine
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Department of Pathology and Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Sara Waise
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Edward W Green
- The German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beth Stuart
- Primary Care and Population Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gareth J Thomas
- School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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114
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Wang F, Fan K, Zhao Y, Xie ML. Apigenin attenuates TGF-β1-stimulated cardiac fibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix production by targeting miR-155-5p/c-Ski/Smad pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 265:113195. [PMID: 32800930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Apigenin is a natural flavonoid compound present in chamomile (Matricaia chamomilla L.) from the Asteraceae family, which is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by traditional healers, but its effects on differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) are poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to examine these effects and potential molecular mechanisms and to provide a new application of apigenin in the prevention and treatment of cardiac fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The TGF-β1-stimulated CFs or the combination of TGF-β1-stimulated and microRNA-155-5p (miR-155-5p) inhibitor- or mimic-transfected CFs were treated with or without apigenin. The expression levels of intracellular related mRNA and proteins were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot methods, respectively. The luciferase reporter gene containing cellular Sloan-Kettering Institute (c-Ski) wild or mutant type 3'-UTR was used and the luciferase activity was examined to verify the direct link of miR-155-5p and c-Ski. RESULTS After treatment of TGF-β1-stimulated CFs with 6-24 μM apigenin, the expression of c-Ski was increased, while levels of miR-155-5p, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ, Smad2/3, and p-Smad2/3 were decreased. After transfection of CFs with the miR-155-5p inhibitor or mimic, the similar or inverse results were respectively observed as well. The combination of TGF-β1 and miR-155-5p inhibitor or mimic might cause an antagonistical or synergistic effect, respectively, and apigenin addition could enhance the effects of the inhibitor and antagonize the effects of the mimic. Luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that c-Ski was a direct target of miR-155-5p. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that apigenin could inhibit the differentiation and ECM production in TGF-β1-stimulated CFs, and its mechanisms might partly be attributable to the reduction of miR-155-5p expression and subsequent increment of c-Ski expression, which might result in the inhibition of Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mei-Lin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
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115
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Tian YD, Chung MH, Quan QL, Lee DH, Kim EJ, Chung JH. UV-Induced Reduction of ACVR1C Decreases SREBP1 and ACC Expression by the Suppression of SMAD2 Phosphorylation in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031101. [PMID: 33499275 PMCID: PMC7865598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Activin A receptor type 1C (ACVR1C), a type I transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor, has been implicated in sensitive skin and psoriasis and is involved in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis as well as cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we identified a novel role of ACVR1C in the ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation-induced reduction of epidermal lipogenesis in human skin. UV irradiation decreased ACVR1C expression and epidermal triglyceride (TG) synthesis in human skin in vivo and in primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) in vitro. Lipogenic genes, including genes encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1), were significantly downregulated in UV-irradiated NHEK. ACVR1C knockdown by shRNA resulted in greater decreases in SREBP1 and ACC in response to UV irradiation. Conversely, the overexpression of ACVR1C attenuated the UV-induced decreases in SREBP1 and ACC. Further mechanistic study revealed that SMAD2 phosphorylation mediated the ACVR1C-induced lipogenic gene modulation. Taken together, a decrease in ACVR1C may cause UV-induced reductions in SREBP1 and ACC as well as epidermal TG synthesis via the suppression of SMAD2 phosphorylation. ACVR1C may be a target for preventing or treating UV-induced disruptions in lipid metabolism and associated skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dan Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Q.-L.Q.); (D.H.L.)
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Min Hwa Chung
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Qing-Ling Quan
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Q.-L.Q.); (D.H.L.)
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Q.-L.Q.); (D.H.L.)
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.J.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Q.-L.Q.); (D.H.L.)
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.J.K.); (J.H.C.)
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116
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Feng W, Ying WZ, Li X, Curtis LM, Sanders PW. Renoprotective effect of Stat1 deletion in murine aristolochic acid nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F87-F96. [PMID: 33283645 PMCID: PMC7847048 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00401.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Injured tubule epithelium stimulates a profibrotic milieu that accelerates loss of function in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study tested the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in the progressive loss of kidney function in aristolochic acid (AA) nephropathy, a model of CKD. Mean serum creatinine concentration increased in wild-type (WT) littermates treated with AA, whereas Stat1-/- mice were protected. Focal increases in the apical expression of kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 were observed in the proximal tubules of WT mice with AA treatment but were absent in Stat1-/- mice in the treatment group as well as in both control groups. A composite injury score, an indicator of proximal tubule injury, was reduced in Stat1-/- mice treated with AA. Increased expression of integrin-β6 and phosphorylated Smad2/3 in proximal tubules as well as interstitial collagen and fibronectin were observed in WT mice following AA treatment but were all decreased in AA-treated Stat1-/- mice. The data indicated that STAT1 activation facilitated the development of progressive kidney injury and interstitial fibrosis in AA nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Feng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wei-Zhong Ying
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xingsheng Li
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lisa M Curtis
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Paul W Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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117
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Su X, Liu K, Xie Y, Zhang M, Wu X, Zhang Y, Wang J. Mushroom Inonotus sanghuang alleviates experimental pulmonary fibrosis: Implications for therapy of pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110919. [PMID: 33202282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mushroom Inonotus sanghuang has been characterized as a traditional medicine in China and has pharmacological activities to treat inflammation, gastroenteric dysfunction, and cancer. Recently, we reported the impact of Inonotus sanghuang extract (ISE) from ethyl acetate fraction on bleomycin (BLM)-induced acute lung injury in mice. Here, we aimed to investigate ISE's impact on pulmonary fibrosis using in vivo and in vitro models and the underlying mechanisms. To evaluate pulmonary fibrosis, female C57BL/6 mice fed ISE (0% or 0.6% in diet) for 4 weeks were instilled intratracheally with BLM and then continued the same diet before the end of the experiment. A549 cells were used to evaluate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Feeding ISE improved BLM-treated mice's survival via decreasing lung infiltrating cells and fibrosis, followed by reducing hydroxyproline content, collagen deposition, and mesenchymal markers (α-SMA and vimentin) while increasing epithelial marker E-cadherin. ISE also suppressed the TGF-β expression, Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and EMT-related transcription factor Snail upon BLM instillation. Iin vitro study demonstrated that ISE inhibited TGF-β-induced EMT-like phenotype and cell behaviors, the expression of α-SMA and vimentin, and prevented E-cadherin reduction of A549 cells. Consistent with in vivo study, ISE abrogated p-Smad2/3, and Snail expression. Finally, the influence of ISE on EMT was not due to ISE toxicity. Our findings indicated that ISE effectively attenuated BLM-induced lung fibrosis. These ISE properties were thought to be involved in interfering TGF-β, Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and EMT process, suggesting that the material has the potential health benefits to improve lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Su
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China; Department of Respiration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Biology Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050061, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China; School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Junpeng Wang
- Institute of Infection and Immunity and Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
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Li B, Wang R, Huang X, Ou Y, Jia Z, Lin S, Zhang Y, Xia H, Chen B. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation in a Rabbit Osteoporosis Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:627718. [PMID: 33841330 PMCID: PMC8027252 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.627718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been identified to accelerate bone formation. However, detailed mechanism has not been fully explained. In this study, we found that ESWT promoted osteoblast formation in vitro. Local ESW treatment of femur increased bone formation in vivo. Furthermore, changing the density or frequency of energy, there was no statistical difference in osteogenic differentiation. Therapeutically, local ESW therapy relieved bone loss and increased the number of bone trabecular in a rabbit osteoporosis model and promoted endogenous levels of SMAD2 protein expression. Thus, ESWT may be a potential therapy by promoting osteoblast maturation through TGF-β/SMAD2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renkai Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyin Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Ou
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanghui Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bei Chen,
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Taha HS, Moustafa EM, Moawed FSM, Hegazy MGA. Curative role of mesenchymal stromal cells in chronic pancreatitis: Modulation of MAPK and TGF-β1/SMAD factors. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211054036. [PMID: 34696610 PMCID: PMC8552371 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211054036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Living organisms respond to physical, chemical, and biological threats with a potent inflammatory response which alters organ cell signaling and leads to dysfunction. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of bone marrow-based mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) transplanted in rats to preserve tissue integrity and to restore homeostasis and function in the pancreatitis experimental pattern. METHODS This study involved 40 adult male Wister rats. Repeated L-arginine injections caused chronic pancreatitis (CP), leading to the development of pancreatic damage and shifting the intracellular signaling pathways. Rats were then infused with BM-MSC labeled with PKH26 fluorescent linker dye for 12 weeks. RESULTS Cell-surface indicators of BM-MSCs such as CD 90 and CD29 were expressed with the lack of CD34 expression. BM-MSC treatment considerably improved the alterations induced in a series of inflammatory markers, including IL-18, TNF-α, CRP, PGE2, and MCP-1. Furthermore, improvement was found in digestive enzymes and lipid profile with amelioration in myeloperoxidase activity. BM-MSC treatment also regulated the (TGF-/p-38MPAK/SMAD2/3) signaling factors that enhances repair of damaged pancreatic tissue, confirmed by reversed alteration of histopathological examination. CONCLUSION our results further bring to light the promise of cell transplant therapy for chronic pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hager S Taha
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas M Moustafa
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma SM Moawed
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa GA Hegazy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ebeid DE, Khalafalla FG, Broughton KM, Monsanto MM, Esquer CY, Sacchi V, Hariharan N, Korski KI, Moshref M, Emathinger J, Cottage CT, Quijada PJ, Nguyen JH, Alvarez R, Völkers M, Konstandin MH, Wang BJ, Firouzi F, Navarrete JM, Gude NA, Goumans MJ, Sussman MA. Pim1 maintains telomere length in mouse cardiomyocytes by inhibiting TGFβ signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:201-211. [PMID: 32176281 PMCID: PMC7797214 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Telomere attrition in cardiomyocytes is associated with decreased contractility, cellular senescence, and up-regulation of proapoptotic transcription factors. Pim1 is a cardioprotective kinase that antagonizes the aging phenotype of cardiomyocytes and delays cellular senescence by maintaining telomere length, but the mechanism remains unknown. Another pathway responsible for regulating telomere length is the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling pathway where inhibiting TGFβ signalling maintains telomere length. The relationship between Pim1 and TGFβ has not been explored. This study delineates the mechanism of telomere length regulation by the interplay between Pim1 and components of TGFβ signalling pathways in proliferating A549 cells and post-mitotic cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Telomere length was maintained by lentiviral-mediated overexpression of PIM1 and inhibition of TGFβ signalling in A549 cells. Telomere length maintenance was further demonstrated in isolated cardiomyocytes from mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of PIM1 and by pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ signalling. Mechanistically, Pim1 inhibited phosphorylation of Smad2, preventing its translocation into the nucleus and repressing expression of TGFβ pathway genes. CONCLUSION Pim1 maintains telomere lengths in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting phosphorylation of the TGFβ pathway downstream effectors Smad2 and Smad3, which prevents repression of telomerase reverse transcriptase. Findings from this study demonstrate a novel mechanism of telomere length maintenance and provide a potential target for preserving cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Ebeid
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Farid G Khalafalla
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Kathleen M Broughton
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Megan M Monsanto
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Carolina Y Esquer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Veronica Sacchi
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Kelli I Korski
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Maryam Moshref
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jacqueline Emathinger
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Christopher T Cottage
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Pearl J Quijada
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jonathan H Nguyen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mathias H Konstandin
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Fareheh Firouzi
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Julian M Navarrete
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Natalie A Gude
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Marie-Jose Goumans
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Yang S, Sun Y, Jiang D, Wang J, Dang E, Li Z, Zhou J, Lu Y, Shi J, Tao L, Wang J, Jin B, Zheng L, Yang K. MiR-362 suppresses cervical cancer progression via directly targeting BAP31 and activating TGFβ/Smad pathway. Cancer Med 2021; 10:305-316. [PMID: 33210473 PMCID: PMC7826455 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BAP31 (B-cell receptor-associated protein 31) is an important regulator of intracellular signal transduction and highly expressed in several cancer tissues or testicular tissues. Our previous study had revealed that elevated BAP31 plays a crucial role in the progress and metastasis of cervical cancer. Even so, the precise mechanism of abnormal BAP31 elevation in cervical cancer has not been fully elucidated. We revealed that the expression of BAP31 was mainly regulated by microRNA-362 (miR-362), which was markedly downregulated in cervical cancer tissues and negatively correlated with clinical tumor staging. Overexpression of miR-362 inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation and increased the proportion of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, miR-362 reduced the tumor sizes and prolonged mice survival time in xenograft nude mice model. Finally, we demonstrated that the BAP31/SPTBN1 complex regulated tumor progression through the Smad 2/3 pathway under the control of miR-362. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that miR-362 could work as an anti-oncomiR that inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in cervical cancer cells via BAP31 and TGFβ/Smad pathway. Overexpression of miR-362 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Yang
- Department of ImmunologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanjie Sun
- Department of ImmunologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Jiang
- Department of ImmunologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of ImmunologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of DermatologyXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Zichao Li
- School of Basic MedicineThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- School of Basic MedicineThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Lu
- School of Basic MedicineThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Jingqi Shi
- Department of ImmunologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Tao
- Department of ImmunologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ParasitologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Department of ImmunologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Lianhe Zheng
- Department of OrthopedicsTangdu HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of ImmunologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxiPeople’s Republic of China
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Liu K, Wang J, Gao X, Ren W. C1q/TNF-Related Protein 9 Inhibits Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Injury in Cardiomyocytes through NF- κB and TGF- β1/Smad2/3 by Modulating THBS1. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:2540687. [PMID: 33414684 PMCID: PMC7769632 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2540687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9) is implicated in diverse cardiovascular diseases, but its role in viral myocarditis (VMC) is not well explored. This study is aimed at investigating the role and potential mechanism of CTRP9 in VMC. Herein, we found that the peripheral blood collected from children with VMC had lower CTRP9 levels than that from children who had recovered from VMC. H9c2 cardiomyocytes treated with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) were applied to establish a VMC model in vitro, and the expression of CTRP9 was significantly decreased in CVB3-induced H9c2 cells. The overexpression of CTRP9 attenuated CVB3-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis reactions in H9c2 cells by promoting cell proliferation, reducing the cell apoptosis rate, and inhibiting inflammatory cytokine levels and fibrosis-related gene expression. Moreover, we found that thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) levels were increased in children with VMC, and CTRP9 negatively regulated THBS1 expression by interacting with THBS1. The downregulation of THBS1 inhibited CVB3-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in H9c2 cells. In addition, our mechanistic investigation indicated that the overexpression of THBS1 impaired the inhibitory effect of CTRP9 on CVB3-induced H9c2 cells. The results further revealed that the CVB3-induced NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways of H9c2 cells were blocked by CTRP9 yet activated by THBS1. In conclusion, CTRP9 protected H9c2 cells from CVB3-induced injury via the NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways by modulating THBS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebei Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Xinru Gao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound Center, The Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
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Chen Y, Li R, Hu N, Yu C, Song H, Li Y, Dai Y, Guo Z, Li M, Zheng Y, Guo Z, Qi Y. Baihe Wuyao decoction ameliorates CCl 4-induced chronic liver injury and liver fibrosis in mice through blocking TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 263:113227. [PMID: 32783983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Baihe Wuyao decoction (BWD), a prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicines, composed of Lilium brownii var. viridulum Baker.(Lilii Bulbus) and Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm. (Linderae Radix), has been used to treat epigastric pain and superficial gastritis for hundreds of years in China. Recently, some compounds obtained from Lilii Bulbus and Linderae Radix had active effects of hepatic protection or liver fibrosis alleviation. Thus, we aim to evaluate the effects of BWD on treatment of chronic liver injury and liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and to elucidate the possible molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were treated with BWD (low, medium and high dose), diammonium glycyrrhizinate or vehicle by oral gavage once daily, simultaneously intraperitoneal injected with a single dose of CCl4 (1 μl/g body weight) twice a week for consecutive 6 weeks. Next, all mice were sacrificed after fasted 12 h, and serums and liver tissues were harvested for analysis. The hepatic injury was detected by serum biomarker assay, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The hepatic histology and collagen were illustrated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Sirius red staining respectively. The antioxidant capacity of liver tissues was evaluated by the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver homogenization. The mRNA gene or protein expressions related to fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation molecules were performed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) or Western-blot. RESULTS BWD exhibited a good hepatic protection with ameliorating liver histological changes, decreasing serum AST and ALT contents, and reducing hepatic fibrosis with stimulation ECMs (such as Collagen1 and Collagen3) degradation. BWD inhibited hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation, promoted matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), MMP9, and MMP12 while suppressing tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1) expression, and blocked traditional fibrosis TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signal pathway. Moreover, BWD exhibited anti-inflammation effect proved by the reduction of liver Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), TNF-α, IL-11 mRNA levels and promoted anti-oxidation effects determined by inhibition of liver MDA and iNOS levels while promoting liver SOD and Mn-SOD. CONCLUSION BWD ameliorates CCl4-induced CLI and liver fibrosis which is correlated to its blocking TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation effects. BWD, as a small traditional prescription, is a promising treatment for CLI and liver fibrosis through multiple pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Ruofei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Chunping Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Hongyu Song
- Department of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Yida Li
- Department of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Yujiao Dai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Zhao Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Zhiyi Guo
- Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Yajuan Qi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China; Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China.
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Roberts V, Main B, Timpson NJ, Haworth S. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Genetic Associations with Perceived Age. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2380-2385. [PMID: 32339537 PMCID: PMC7685007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Failure of dermal protection or repair mechanisms might lead to visibly aged skin. The study aimed to identify genetic associations with perceived age. A genome-wide association study was undertaken in 423,992 adult participants of UK Biobank, using questionnaire data on perceived age and genetic data imputed to the Haplotype Reference Consortium imputation panel. The study identified 74 independently associated genetic loci, to our knowledge previously unreported (P < 5 × 10-8), which were enriched for cell signaling pathways, including the NEK6 and SMAD2 subnetworks. Common genetic variation was estimated to account for 14% of variation in perceived age, and the heritability of perceived age was partially shared with that of 75 other traits, including multiple traits representing adiposity, suggesting that perceived age may be a useful proxy trait in genetic association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Roberts
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Main
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Haworth
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Zhang J, Chen X, Chen H, Li R, Xu P, Lv C, Liu B, Song X. Engeletin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress depending on lnc949-mediated TGF-β1-Smad2/3 and JNK signalling pathways. Pharm Biol 2020; 58:1105-1114. [PMID: 33181025 PMCID: PMC7671710 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1834590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a highly heterogeneous and lethal pathological process having no effective drug. Engeletin exerts multiple biological activities including anti-inflammatory and lung repair. Whether engeletin has therapeutic effects on PF remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Examining effect and mechanism of engeletin on PF in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS L929 cells (1 × 106/well) were treated with TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL). Sixty male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups and given saline or single intratracheal instillation bleomycin (5 mg/kg) or both bleomycin and intraperitoneally injected engeletin (25 mg/kg). RESULTS Histological staining showed engeletin inhibited myofibrobasts activation and improved alveolar structure. Engeletin elevated forced vital capacity from 12 induced by bleomycin to 17. CCK-8 assay reported IC50 value of engeletin was 270 μg/mL. Real-time cellular analysis showed engeletin reduced proliferation and migration of myofibroblasts by 2.5- and 2-fold. Engeletin blocked α-SMA, vimentin, and collagen expression. RNA sequencing revealed PERK-ATF4 signalling pathway relating to ER stress involved in anti-fibrotic function of engeletin. Engeletin reduced ATF4, CHOP and BIP expression. Chemical inhibitors of smad2/3- (SB431542) and JNK- (SP600125) signalling pathways blocked expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) - lnc949. Engeletin inhibited phosphorylation of smad2/3 and JNK leading to lower level of lnc949. Knockdown lnc949 inhibited ATF4, CHOP and BIP expression. CONCLUSIONS We reported gene expression profiling of engeletin through RNA-seq; and identified lnc949-mediated TGF-β1-Smad2/3 and JNK were upstream signalling pathways of ER stress induced by engeletin. Our results showed engeletin remedies pulmonary fibrogenesis and may be a new drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Song
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
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Abstract
We explored the possible signaling pathway by which activin A induces oocyte maturation. Inhba-overexpressing lentivirus vectors were constructed and transfected into primary granulosa cells in vitro and ovary tissues in vivo in rats. The granulosa cell growth curve was drawn, and antibodies for phospho-Smad2, phospho-Erk5, phospho-Nur77, and stem cell factor (SCF) were prepared for western blot analysis. Protein expression of SCF and C-kit in the rat ovaries was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The rate of granulosa cell proliferation was higher in the Inhba gene overexpression group (INH) than in the control groups (CON group and GFP group) in vitro. Protein expression of SCF and C-kit was higher in the INH group than in the other two groups. phospho-Smad2, phospho-ERK5, P-nur77, and SCF proteins showed positive expression in rat ovarian granulosa cells in each group and were obviously increased in the INH group. Activin A overexpression may promote rat granulosa cell proliferation through Smad2/ERK5/nur77 signaling pathways, and rat granulosa cells overexpressing activin A in vitro showed increased levels of SCF and c-kit proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Wang
- Gynecology Department of Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Luo Shuang
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Su Yujie
- Gynecology Department of Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ma Xiaohui
- Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Wang Wei
- Clinical Department of Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Wang Jidong
- Gynecology Department of Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Chang X, Tian M, Zhang Q, Gao J, Li S, Sun Y. Nano nickel oxide promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition through transforming growth factor β1/smads signaling pathway in A549 cells. Environ Toxicol 2020; 35:1308-1317. [PMID: 32681694 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that nano nickel oxide (NiO) induce pulmonary fibrosis in rats and collagen excessive formation in A549 cells, which mechanism was related with the increasing transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) secretion. However, it remains unclear understanding the role of TGF-β1 in collagen excessive formation. Here, we found nano NiO could directly promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the TGF-β1/Smads pathway in A549 cells. First, cytotoxicity induced by nano NiO has a dose- and time-dependent manner according to methylthiaozol tetrazolium assay. Second, nano NiO led to the increased contents of type I collagen (Col-I), TGF-β1, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, and fibronectin, indicating Smads pathway activation and EMT occurence. Third, to verify whether TGF-β1 activated Smads signaling pathway and EMT occurence, A549 cells were exposed to nano NiO and TGF-β1 inhibitors (10 μM SB431542). The results showed that TGF-β1 inhibitors alleviated the nano NiO-induced cytotoxicity and Col-I excessive formation. Meanwhile, TGF-β1 inhibitors reversed the proteins expression trends of Col-I, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, α-SMA, vimentin, fibronectin, and E-cadherin. These observations suggested that EMT occurrence via TGF-β1/Smads pathway might play an important role in the collagen excessive formation induced by nano NiO in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Minmin Tian
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Gao
- Institute of Occupational Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Institute of Public Health, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingbiao Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Wnuk D, Lasota S, Paw M, Madeja Z, Michalik M. Asthma-derived fibroblast to myofibroblast transition is enhanced in comparison to fibroblasts derived from non-asthmatic patients in 3D in vitro culture due to Smad2/3 signalling. Acta Biochim Pol 2020; 67:441-448. [PMID: 33245228 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The basic hallmarks of bronchial asthma, one of the most common chronic diseases occurring in the world, are chronic inflammation, remodelling of the bronchial wall and its hyperresponsiveness to environmental stimuli. It was found out that the fibroblast to myofibroblast transition (FMT), a key phenomenon in subepithelial fibrosis of the bronchial wall, was crucial for the development of asthma. Our previous studies showed that HBFs derived from asthmatic patients cultured in vitro display some inherent features which facilitate their TGF-b-induced FMT. Although usefulness of standard '2D' cultures is invaluable, they have many limitations. As HBFs interact with extracellular matrix proteins in the connective tissue, which can affect the FMT potential, we have decided to expand our '2D' model to in vitro cell cultures in 3D using collagen gels. Our results showed that 1.5 mg/ml concentration of collagen is suitable for HBFs growth, motility, and phenotypic shifts. Moreover, we demonstrated that in the TGF-β1-activated HBF populations derived from asthmatics, the expression of fibrosis-related genes (ACTA2, TAGLN, SERPINE1, COL1A1, FN1 and CCN2) was significantly increased in comparison to the non-asthmatic ones. We also confirmed that it is related to the TGF-β/Smad2/3 profibrotic pathway intensification. In summary, the results of our study undoubtedly demonstrate that HBFs from asthmatics have unique intrinsic features which predispose them, regardless the culture conditions, to the increased FMT under the influence of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sławomir Lasota
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Michalik
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Choi YE, Song MJ, Hara M, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Lee DH, Chung JH, Lee ST. Effects of Tenascin C on the Integrity of Extracellular Matrix and Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228693. [PMID: 33217999 PMCID: PMC7698786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenascin C (TNC) is an element of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of various tissues, including the skin, and is involved in modulating ECM integrity and cell physiology. Although skin aging is apparently associated with changes in the ECM, little is known about the role of TNC in skin aging. In this study, we found that the Tnc mRNA level was significantly reduced in the skin tissues of aged mice compared with young mice, consistent with reduced TNC protein expression in aged human skin. TNC-large (TNC-L; 330-kDa) and -small (TNC-S; 240-kDa) polypeptides were observed in conditional media from primary dermal fibroblasts. Both recombinant TNC polypeptides, corresponding to TNC-L and TNC-S, increased the expression of type I collagen and reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in fibroblasts. Treatment of fibroblasts with a recombinant TNC polypeptide, corresponding to TNC-L, induced phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3. TNC increased the level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA and upregulated the expression of type I collagen by activating the TGF-β signaling pathway. In addition, TNC also promoted the expression of type I collagen in fibroblasts embedded in a three-dimensional collagen matrix. Our findings suggest that TNC contributes to the integrity of ECM in young skin and to prevention of skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Min Ji Song
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (M.J.S.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Mari Hara
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (M.H.); (K.I.-Y.)
| | - Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (M.H.); (K.I.-Y.)
- Mie University Research Center for Matrix Biology, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (M.J.S.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (M.J.S.); (D.H.L.); (J.H.C.)
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung-Taek Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2123-2703
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Tashima Y, He H, Cui JZ, Pedroza AJ, Nakamura K, Yokoyama N, Iosef C, Burdon G, Koyano T, Yamaguchi A, Fischbein MP. Androgens Accentuate TGF-β Dependent Erk/Smad Activation During Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Marfan Syndrome Male Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015773. [PMID: 33059492 PMCID: PMC7763370 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Male patients with Marfan syndrome have a higher risk of aortic events and root dilatation compared with females. The role androgens play during Marfan syndrome aneurysm development in males remains unknown. We hypothesized that androgens potentiate transforming growth factor beta induced Erk (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase)/Smad activation, contributing to aneurysm progression in males. Methods and Results Aortic diameters in Fbn1C1039G/+ and littermate wild-type controls were measured at ages 6, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Fbn1C1039G/+ males were treated with (1) flutamide (androgen receptor blocker) or (2) vehicle control from age 6 to 16 weeks and then euthanized. p-Erk1/2, p-Smad2, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity were measured in ascending/aortic root and descending aorta specimens. Fbn1C1039G/+ male and female ascending/aortic root-derived smooth muscle cells were utilized in vitro to measure Erk/Smad activation and MMP-2 activity following dihydrotestosterone, flutamide or transforming growth factor beta 1 treatment. Fbn1C1039G/+ males have increased aneurysm growth. p-Erk1/2 and p-Smad2 were elevated in ascending/aortic root specimens at age 16 weeks. Corresponding with enhanced Erk/Smad signaling, MMP-2 activity was higher in Fbn1C1039G/+ males. In vitro smooth muscle cell studies revealed that dihydrotestosterone potentiates transforming growth factor beta-induced Erk/Smad activation and MMP-2 activity, which is reversed by flutamide treatment. Finally, in vivo flutamide treatment reduced aneurysm growth via p-Erk1/2 and p-Smad2 reduction in Fbn1C1039G/+ males. Conclusions Fbn1C1039G/+ males have enhanced aneurysm growth compared with females associated with enhanced p-Erk1/2 and p-Smad2 activation. Mechanistically, in vitro smooth muscle cell studies suggested that dihydrotestosterone potentiates transforming growth factor beta induced Erk/Smad activation. As biological proof of concept, flutamide treatment attenuated aneurysm growth and p-Erk1/2 and p-Smad2 signaling in Fbn1C1039G/+ males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Tashima
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryJichi Medical UniversitySaitama Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
| | - Hao He
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Jason Z. Cui
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | | | - Ken Nakamura
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Nobu Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Cristiana Iosef
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Grayson Burdon
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Tiffany Koyano
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA
| | - Atsushi Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryJichi Medical UniversitySaitama Medical CenterSaitamaJapan
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131
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Hoffmann M, Kant TA, Emig R, Rausch JSE, Newe M, Schubert M, Künzel K, Winter L, Klapproth E, Peyronnet R, Ravens U, El-Armouche A, Künzel SR. Repurposing mesalazine against cardiac fibrosis in vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:533-543. [PMID: 33064167 PMCID: PMC7892689 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are exacerbated and driven by cardiac fibrosis. TGFβ induces fibroblast activation and differentiation into myofibroblasts that secrete excessive extracellular matrix proteins leading to stiffening of the heart, concomitant cardiac dysfunction, and arrhythmias. However, effective pharmacotherapy for preventing or reversing cardiac fibrosis is presently unavailable. Therefore, drug repurposing could be a cost- and time-saving approach to discover antifibrotic interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifibrotic potential of mesalazine in a cardiac fibroblast stress model. TGFβ was used to induce a profibrotic phenotype in a human cardiac fibroblast cell line. After induction, cells were treated with mesalazine or solvent control. Fibroblast proliferation, key fibrosis protein expression, extracellular collagen deposition, and mechanical properties were subsequently determined. In response to TGFβ treatment, fibroblasts underwent a profound phenoconversion towards myofibroblasts, determined by the expression of fibrillary αSMA. Mesalazine reduced differentiation nearly by half and diminished fibroblast proliferation by a third. Additionally, TGFβ led to increased cell stiffness and adhesion, which were reversed by mesalazine treatment. Collagen 1 expression and deposition—key drivers of fibrosis—were significantly increased upon TGFβ stimulation and reduced to control levels by mesalazine. SMAD2/3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, along with reduced nuclear NFκB translocation, were identified as potential modes of action. The current study provides experimental pre-clinical evidence for antifibrotic effects of mesalazine in an in vitro model of cardiac fibrosis. Furthermore, it sheds light on possible mechanisms of action and suggests further investigation in experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Theresa A Kant
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ramona Emig
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna S E Rausch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Newe
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mario Schubert
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karolina Künzel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Luise Winter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Erik Klapproth
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rémi Peyronnet
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Ravens
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan R Künzel
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01309, Dresden, Germany.
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132
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Zhang J, He X, Bai X, Sun Y, Jiang P, Wang X, Li W, Zhang Y. Protective effect of trimetazidine in radiation-induced cardiac fibrosis in mice. J Radiat Res 2020; 61:657-665. [PMID: 32642776 PMCID: PMC7482171 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced heart damage is a serious side effect caused by radiotherapy, especially during the treatment of cancer near the chest. Trimetazidine is effective at reducing inflammation in the heart, but how it affects radiation-induced cardiac fibrosis (RICF) is unknown. To investigate the potential effect and molecular mechanism, we designed this project with a C57BL6 male mouse model supposing trimetazidine could inhibit RICF in mice. During the experiment, mice were randomly divided into six groups including a control group (Con), radiation-damaged model group (Mod) and four experimental groups receiving low-dose (10 mg/kg/day) or high-dose (20 mg/kg/day) trimetazidine before or after radiation treatment. Apart from the control group, all mice chests were exposed to 6 MV X-rays at a single dose of 20 Gy to induce RICF, and tissue analysis was done at 8 weeks after irradiation. Fibroblast or interstitial tissues and cardiac fibrosis-like characteristics were determined using haematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining, which can be used to assess myocardial fibrosis. Immunohistochemical analysis and RT-PCR were used to determine gene expression and study the molecular mechanism. As a result, this study suggests that trimetazidine inhibits RICF by reducing gene expression related to myocyte apoptosis and fibrosis formation, i.e. connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, smad2 and smad3. In conclusion, by regulating the CTGF/TGF-β1/Smad pathway, trimetazidine could be a prospective drug for clinical treatment of RICF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Xinjia He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
- Corresponding author. Tel: +86 13608970051;
| | - Xinya Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
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Chitrakar A, Budda SA, Henderson JG, Axtell RC, Zenewicz LA. E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Von Hippel-Lindau Protein Promotes Th17 Differentiation. J Immunol 2020; 205:1009-1023. [PMID: 32690659 PMCID: PMC8167928 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins, including HIF-1α, for proteasomal degradation. VHL and HIF regulate the balance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, which is critical in highly dynamic T cells. HIF-1α positively regulates Th17 differentiation, a complex process in which quiescent naive CD4 T cells undergo transcriptional changes to effector cells, which are commonly dysregulated in autoimmune diseases. The role of VHL in Th17 cells is not known. In this study, we hypothesized VHL negatively regulates Th17 differentiation and deletion of VHL in CD4 T cells would elevate HIF-1α and increase Th17 differentiation. Unexpectedly, we found that VHL promotes Th17 differentiation. Mice deficient in VHL in their T cells were resistant to an autoimmune disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, often mediated by Th17 cells. In vitro Th17 differentiation was impaired in VHL-deficient T cells. In the absence of VHL, Th17 cells had decreased activation of STAT3 and SMAD2, suggesting that VHL indirectly or directly regulates these critical signaling molecules. Gene expression analysis revealed that in Th17 cells, VHL regulates many cellular pathways, including genes encoding proteins involved indirectly or directly in the glycolysis pathway. Compared with wild-type, VHL-deficient Th17 cells had elevated glycolysis and glycolytic capacity. Our finding has implications on the design of therapeutics targeting the distinct metabolic needs of T cells to combat chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Chitrakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Scott A Budda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Jacob G Henderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
| | - Robert C Axtell
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Lauren A Zenewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; and
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Yang J, Lu P, Li M, Yan C, Zhang T, Jiang W. GATA6-AS1 Regulates GATA6 Expression to Modulate Human Endoderm Differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:694-705. [PMID: 32795420 PMCID: PMC7486217 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome analysis has uncovered a series of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) transcribed during cell differentiation, but how lncRNA is integrated with known transcriptional regulatory network is poorly understood. Here, we utilize human definitive endoderm differentiation as a model system and decipher the functional interaction between lncRNA and key transcriptional factor. We have identified GATA6-AS1, an lncRNA divergently transcribed from the GATA6 locus, is highly expressed during endoderm differentiation. Knockdown of GATA6-AS1 in human pluripotent stem cells has no influence on morphology and pluripotency; however, GATA6-AS1 depletion causes the deficiency of definitive endoderm differentiation. GATA6-AS1 positively regulates the expression of endoderm key factor GATA6. Further investigation shows GATA6-AS1 interacts with SMAD2/3 and activates the transcription of GATA6. In addition, overexpression of GATA6 is able to rescue the defect of endoderm differentiation due to the absence of GATA6-AS1, suggesting that GATA6 is the functional target of GATA6-AS1 during endoderm differentiation. Ultimately, our study reveals that GATA6-AS1 is necessary for human endoderm specification and reveals the underlying mechanism between GATA6-AS1 and GATA6. GATA6-AS1 is a lncRNA highly expressed in human endoderm with two isoforms GATA6-AS1 controls human endoderm differentiation through regulating GATA6 GATA6-AS1 regulates GATA6, the functional target in endoderm differentiation GATA6-AS1 is required for SMAD2/3-mediated GATA6 transcriptional activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Pei Lu
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mao Li
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chenchao Yan
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tianzhe Zhang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China; Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Hu H, Fu Y, Li M, Xia H, Liu Y, Sun X, Hu Y, Song F, Cheng X, Li P, Wu Y. Interleukin-35 pretreatment attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced heart injury by inhibition of inflammation, apoptosis and fibrotic reactions. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106725. [PMID: 32679538 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that targeting inflammation is a promising strategy for treating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis and related heart injury. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), which consists of two subunits, Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) and p35, is an immunosuppressive cytokine of the IL-12 family and exhibits strong anti-inflammatory activity. However, the role of IL-35 in LPS-induced heart injury reains obscure. In this study, we explored the role of IL-35 in heart injury induced by LPS and its potential mechanisms. Mice were treated with a plasmid encoding IL-35 (pIL-35) and then injected intraperitoneally (ip) with LPS (10 mg/kg). Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography 12 h later. LPS apparently decreased the expression of EBI3 and p35 and caused cardiac dysfunction and pathological changes, which were significantly improved by pIL-35 pretreatment. Moreover, pIL-35 pretreatment significantly decreased the levels of cardiac proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, decreased number of apoptotic myocardial cells, increased BCL-2 levels and decreased BAX levels inhibited apoptosis, and LPS-induced upregulation of the expression of cardiac pro-fibrotic genes (MMP2 and MMP9) and fibrotic factor (Collagen type I) was inhibited. Further investigation indicated that pIL-35 pretreatment might suppressed the activation of the cardiac NF-κBp65 and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathways in LPS-treated mice. Similar cardioprotective effects of IL-35 pretreatment were observed in mouse myocardial fibroblasts challenged with LPS in vitro. In summary, IL-35 pretreatment can attenuate cardiac inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrotic reactions induced by LPS, implicating IL-35 as a promising therapeutic target in sepsis-related cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Huasong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaopei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fulin Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Nagata A, Itoh F, Sasho A, Sugita K, Suzuki R, Hinata H, Shimoda Y, Suzuki E, Maemoto Y, Inagawa T, Fujikawa Y, Ikeda E, Fujii C, Inoue H. The evolutionarily conserved deubiquitinase UBH1/UCH-L1 augments DAF7/TGF-β signaling, inhibits dauer larva formation, and enhances lung tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9105-9120. [PMID: 32371398 PMCID: PMC7335803 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Modification of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling components by (de)ubiquitination is emerging as a key regulatory mechanism that controls cell signaling responses in health and disease. Here, we show that the deubiquitinating enzyme UBH-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans and its human homolog, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), stimulate DAF-7/TGF-β signaling, suggesting that this mode of regulation of TGF-β signaling is conserved across animal species. The dauer larva-constitutive C. elegans phenotype caused by defective DAF-7/TGF-β signaling was enhanced and suppressed, respectively, by ubh-1 deletion and overexpression in the loss-of-function genetic backgrounds of daf7, daf-1/TGF-βRI, and daf4/R-SMAD, but not of daf-8/R-SMAD. This suggested that UBH-1 may stimulate DAF-7/TGF-β signaling via DAF-8/R-SMAD. Therefore, we investigated the effect of UCH-L1 on TGF-β signaling via its intracellular effectors, i.e. SMAD2 and SMAD3, in mammalian cells. Overexpression of UCH-L1, but not of UCH-L3 (the other human homolog of UBH1) or of the catalytic mutant UCH-L1C90A, enhanced TGF-β/SMAD-induced transcriptional activity, indicating that the deubiquitination activity of UCH-L1 is indispensable for enhancing TGF-β/SMAD signaling. We also found that UCH-L1 interacts, deubiquitinates, and stabilizes SMAD2 and SMAD3. Under hypoxia, UCH-L1 expression increased and TGF-β/SMAD signaling was potentiated in the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. Notably, UCH-L1-deficient A549 cells were impaired in tumorigenesis, and, unlike WT UCH-L1, a UCH-L1 variant lacking deubiquitinating activity was unable to restore tumorigenesis in these cells. These results indicate that UCH-L1 activity supports DAF-7/TGF-β signaling and suggest that UCH-L1's deubiquitination activity is a potential therapeutic target for managing lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Nagata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiko Itoh
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Sasho
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaho Sugita
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Riko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hinata
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Shimoda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Maemoto
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Inagawa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuta Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Ikeda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Fujii
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideshi Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yoshimatsu Y, Wakabayashi I, Kimuro S, Takahashi N, Takahashi K, Kobayashi M, Maishi N, Podyma‐Inoue KA, Hida K, Miyazono K, Watabe T. TNF-α enhances TGF-β-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via TGF-β signal augmentation. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2385-2399. [PMID: 32385953 PMCID: PMC7385392 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of various components including cancer cells, tumor vessels, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and inflammatory cells. These components interact with each other via various cytokines, which often induce tumor progression. Thus, a greater understanding of TME networks is crucial for the development of novel cancer therapies. Many cancer types express high levels of TGF-β, which induces endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), leading to formation of CAFs. Although we previously reported that CAFs derived from EndMT promoted tumor formation, the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions remain to be elucidated. Furthermore, tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells secrete various cytokines, including TNF-α. However, the role of TNF-α in TGF-β-induced EndMT has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study examined the effect of TNF-α on TGF-β-induced EndMT in human endothelial cells (ECs). Various types of human ECs underwent EndMT in response to TGF-β and TNF-α, which was accompanied by increased and decreased expression of mesenchymal cell and EC markers, respectively. In addition, treatment of ECs with TGF-β and TNF-α exhibited sustained activation of Smad2/3 signals, which was presumably induced by elevated expression of TGF-β type I receptor, TGF-β2, activin A, and integrin αv, suggesting that TNF-α enhanced TGF-β-induced EndMT by augmenting TGF-β family signals. Furthermore, oral squamous cell carcinoma-derived cells underwent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to humoral factors produced by TGF-β and TNF-α-cultured ECs. This EndMT-driven EMT was blocked by inhibiting the action of TGF-βs. Collectively, our findings suggest that TNF-α enhances TGF-β-dependent EndMT, which contributes to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yoshimatsu
- Department of BiochemistryGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
- Division of PharmacologyGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Ikumi Wakabayashi
- Department of BiochemistryGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Shiori Kimuro
- Department of BiochemistryGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Naoya Takahashi
- Department of BiochemistryGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuki Takahashi
- Department of BiochemistryGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Miho Kobayashi
- Department of BiochemistryGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Nako Maishi
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular PathologyGraduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Katarzyna A. Podyma‐Inoue
- Department of BiochemistryGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular PathologyGraduate School of Dental MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Department of BiochemistryGraduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
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Lin LT, Chen JT, Lu DW, Tai MC, Liang CM, Chen CL, Pao SI, Hsu CK, Chen YH. Antifibrotic role of low-dose mitomycin-c-induced cellular senescence in trabeculectomy models. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234706. [PMID: 32574191 PMCID: PMC7310836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We assessed whether mitomycin-C (MMC) has different antifibrotic mechanisms in trabeculectomy wound healing. Methods We identified 2 concentrations of MMC as “low-dose” by using WST-1 assay, Lactic dehydrogenase assay, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting flow cytometry. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and fibrotic gene expression was examined through immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, zymography, and modified scratch assay in vitro. In vivo, 0.1 mL of MMC or normal saline was injected to Tenon’s capsule before trabeculectomy in a rabbit model. SA-β-gal expression, apoptotic cell death, and collagen deposition in sites treated and not treated with MMC were evaluated using terminal dUTP nick end labeling assay and histochemical staining. Bleb function and intraocular pressure (IOP) levels were examined 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after trabeculectomy. Results In vitro, human Tenon’s fibroblast (HTF) senescence was confirmed by observing cell morphologic change, SA-β-gal accumulation, formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin, increased p16INK4a and p21CIP1/WAF1 expression, lower percentage of Ki-67-positive cells, and decreased COL1A1 release. Increased expression of α-SMA, COL1A1, and Smad2 signaling in TGF-β1-induced stress fibers were passivated in senescent HTFs. In addition, cellular migration enhanced by TGF-β1was inactivated. In vivo, histological examination indicated increased SA-β-gal accumulation, lower apoptosis ratios, and looser collagen deposition in sites treated with 0.2 μM MMC. Low-dose MMC-induced cellular senescence prolonged trabeculectomy bleb survival and reduced IOP levels in a rabbit model. Conclusion Low-dose MMC-induced cellular senescence is involved in the antifibrotic mechanism of trabeculectomy wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Tien Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jiann-Torng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Da-Wen Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Cheng Tai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Min Liang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Long Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-I Pao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Kang Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Bacon CW, Challa A, Hyder U, Shukla A, Borkar AN, Bayo J, Liu J, Wu SY, Chiang CM, Kutateladze TG, D'Orso I. KAP1 Is a Chromatin Reader that Couples Steps of RNA Polymerase II Transcription to Sustain Oncogenic Programs. Mol Cell 2020; 78:1133-1151.e14. [PMID: 32402252 PMCID: PMC7305985 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of the RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) cycle, including pausing and pause release, maintains transcriptional homeostasis and organismal functions. Despite previous work to understand individual transcription steps, we reveal a mechanism that integrates RNA Pol II cycle transitions. Surprisingly, KAP1/TRIM28 uses a previously uncharacterized chromatin reader cassette to bind hypo-acetylated histone 4 tails at promoters, guaranteeing continuous progression of RNA Pol II entry to and exit from the pause state. Upon chromatin docking, KAP1 first associates with RNA Pol II and then recruits a pathway-specific transcription factor (SMAD2) in response to cognate ligands, enabling gene-selective CDK9-dependent pause release. This coupling mechanism is exploited by tumor cells to aberrantly sustain transcriptional programs commonly dysregulated in cancer patients. The discovery of a factor integrating transcription steps expands the functional repertoire by which chromatin readers operate and provides mechanistic understanding of transcription regulation, offering alternative therapeutic opportunities to target transcriptional dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis W Bacon
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Biological Chemistry Graduate Program, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashwini Challa
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Usman Hyder
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashutosh Shukla
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Aditi N Borkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Juan Bayo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET, Universidad Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Buenos Aires 1629, Argentina
| | - Jiuyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Shwu-Yuan Wu
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cheng-Ming Chiang
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Iván D'Orso
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Abstract
This study is to explore the molecular mechanism of benign bile duct hypertrophic scar formation.Differential proteins between the normal fibroblast (NFB) and scar fibroblast (SCFB) were screened by protein chip assay, and analyzed by pathway-enrichment analysis and function-enrichment analysis. The differential proteins were further tested by ELISA. SiRNA-Act B was transfected to SCFB to down-regulate the expression of Act B. NFB was incubated with rh-Act B. The cell apoptosis and cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of Act B, Smad2/3, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), endothelin-1 (ET-1), thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1), and Oncostatin M (OSM) were detected by Western blot.A total of 37 differential proteins were identified in SCFBs by microarray (P < .05), including 27 up-regulated proteins and 10 down-regulated proteins (P < .05). Their function were associated with Activin signaling, synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix, formation and activation of cytokine, inflammatory reaction, immunoreaction, tissue damage reaction, cell cycle, migration, apoptosis, and secretion, etc. ELISA results showed that the expression of Act B, TGF-β1, ET-1 were higher in SCFBs, while the expression of Tsp-1 and OSM were lower in SCFBs (P < .05). After interfered by siRNA-Act B, the expression of Act B mRNA decreased (P < .05). The percentage of early apoptosis increased (P < .05). The expression of Act B, Smad2/3, TGF-β1 were decreased and Tsp-1, OSM were increased (P < .05). After treatment with rh-Act B, the percentage of G0/G1 phase of NFBs was decreased and that of S phase was increased without significance (P > .05). The expression of Act B, Smad2/3, TGF-β1 were increased (P < .05) and Tsp-1, OSM were decreased (P < .01).There are differentially expressed proteins between SCFBs and NFBs. Activin B signal plays an important role in the process of NFB transforming to SCFB, and TGF-β1, Smad2/3, Tsp-1, and OSM are important participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Kang Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Jian-Zhong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Ping-Hai Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Jun-Feng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Watanabe H, Goto S, Kato R, Komiyama S, Nagaoka Y, Kazama T, Yamamoto C, Li Y, Konuma N, Hagikura K, Matsumoto T. The neovascularization effect of dedifferentiated fat cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9211. [PMID: 32514018 PMCID: PMC7280264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature adipocyte-derived dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells can be prepared efficiently and with minimal invasiveness to the donor. They can be utilized as a source of transplanted cells during therapy. Although the transplantation of DFAT cells into an ischemic tissue enhances angiogenesis and increases vascular flow, there is little information regarding the mechanism of the therapeutic angiogenesis. To further study this, mice ischemic hindlimb model was used. It was confirmed that in comparison with the adipose derived stem cells and fibroblasts, the transplantation of DFAT cells led to a significant improvement in the blood flow and increased mature blood vessel density. The ability of DFAT cells to secrete angiogenic factors in hypoxic conditions and upon co-culture with vascular endothelial cells was then examined. Furthermore, we examined the possibility that DFAT cells differentiating into pericytes. The therapeutic angiogenic effects of DFAT cells were observed by the secretion of angiogenic factors and pericyte differentiation by transforming growth factor β1 signalling via Smad2/3. DFAT cells can be prepared with minimal invasiveness and high efficiency and are expected to become a source of transplanted cells in the future of angiogenic cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Watanabe
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Goto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reona Kato
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Komiyama
- Department of Functional Morphology, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagaoka
- Department of Functional Morphology, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kazama
- Department of Functional Morphology, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chii Yamamoto
- Department of Functional Morphology, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Functional Morphology, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Konuma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hagikura
- Department of Functional Morphology, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Matsumoto
- Department of Functional Morphology, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ye M, Yu M, Yang D, Li J, Wang H, Chen F, Yu H, Shen T, Zhu Q, Zhou C. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide donor NaHS alleviates nickel-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the migration of A549 cells by regulating TGF-β1/Smad2/Smad3 signaling. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 195:110464. [PMID: 32171946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nickel compounds are known to be common environmental and occupational carcinogens which also promote the migration of lung cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism yet remains to be clarified. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is involved in cancer biological processes. However, the exact effect and functionality of H2S on nickel, towards the promotion of the migration ability of lung cancer cells, remains to be unknown. In this study, we have found that the nickel chloride (NiCl2) treatment significantly downregulates the protein levels of endogenous H2S enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST). A correlation between NiCl2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the migration ability of lung cancer A549 cells has been observed. Exogenous H2S donor, sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) (100 μmol/L), can reverse NiCl2-induced EMT as well as the migration ability of A549 cells. NiCl2 treatment is able to upregulate the protein level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), p-Smad2, p-Smad3, p-JNK, p-ERK and p-P38 in a time-dependent fashion, indicating that both TGF-β1/Smad2/Smad3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades (a non-Smad pathway) may play essential roles in NiCl2-dependent EMT as well as cell migration of human lung cancer cells. Furthermore, exogenous NaHS alleviates the NiCl2-induced EMT and the migration ability of A549 cells only by regulating TGF-β1/Smad2/Smad3, rather than the MAPK, signaling pathway. These results indicate that the exogenous administration of NaHS might be a potential therapeutic strategy against nickel-induced lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Ye
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dalong Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Summer Intern from Hefei No. 45 Middle School, Hefei, 230061, Anhui, China
| | - Haopei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Feipeng Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hanning Yu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tong Shen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Chengfan Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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He Z, Deng F, Xiong S, Cai Y, He Z, Wang X, Li S, Yang D, Yan T. Expression and regulation of Smad2 by gonadotropins in the protogynous hermaphroditic ricefield eel (Monopterus albus). Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:1155-1165. [PMID: 32128659 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Smad2, a receptor-activated Smad, plays a critical role in regulating gametogenesis. In this study, a smad2 homologue was identified and sequenced from ricefield eel ovary cDNA, and its mRNA and protein expression levels were analysed during oocyte development. The cDNA sequence of ricefield eel smad2 consisted of 1863 bp encoding a 467-amino acid protein that had high sequence homology with Smad proteins in other teleosts, especially in Poeciliopsis prolifica. The results of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that smad2 is expressed in the ovary during gonad development, increased continuously until the early vitellogenic stage in the ovaries, and then decreased with ovary maturation. Smad2 protein immunoreactivity was localized in the cytoplasm of follicular cells, oogonia, and primary growth stage oocytes. In vitro experiments revealed that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) promoted smad2 expression in ovary tissue in a time- and dose-dependent manner, respectively. In summary, Smad2 plays a potentially vital role in ricefield eel ovary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Faqiang Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sen Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yueping Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhide He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiongyan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Song Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Deying Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Taiming Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Zheng HX, Qi SS, He J, Hu CY, Han H, Jiang H, Li XS. Cyanidin-3-glucoside from Black Rice Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy via Reducing Blood Glucose, Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, and Regulating Transforming Growth Factor β1/Smad Expression. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:4399-4410. [PMID: 32192334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the serious complications in diabetes. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) from black rice was reported to have hypoglycemic effects and an anti-osteoporosis effect in diabetic rats. Whether it has preventive effects on DN has not been reported. In this study, we established a rat model of DN, and C3G at two doses (10 and 20 mg kg-1 day-1) were administered to see its anti-DN effect. A total of 8 weeks of C3G supplementation decreased blood glucose and serum insulin, improved the renal function, and relieved renal glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis of DN rats. Also, the kidneys of DN rats had improved the oxidative defense system. Pro-inflammatory mediators were markedly reduced in serum and kidneys of the C3G-treated groups. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), phosphor-Smad2, and phosphor-Smad3 protein expression levels were significantly decreased in the kidney of the C3G-treated group, whereas the Smad7 expression level was upregulated by C3G. Our results indicate that C3G can ameliorate DN via antioxidative stress and anti-inflammation and regulate the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway. Our results suggest that C3G from black rice might be used as a renal-protective nutrient in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xing Zheng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Shan Qi
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Black Organic Food Engineering Center, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia He
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ching Yuan Hu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, AgSci. 415J, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Hao Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Jiang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Shen Li
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, People's Republic of China
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145
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Gunderson AJ, Yamazaki T, McCarty K, Fox N, Phillips M, Alice A, Blair T, Whiteford M, O'Brien D, Ahmad R, Kiely MX, Hayman A, Crocenzi T, Gough MJ, Crittenden MR, Young KH. TGFβ suppresses CD8 + T cell expression of CXCR3 and tumor trafficking. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1749. [PMID: 32273499 PMCID: PMC7145847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is a multipotent immunosuppressive cytokine. TGFβ excludes immune cells from tumors, and TGFβ inhibition improves the efficacy of cytotoxic and immune therapies. Using preclinical colorectal cancer models in cell type-conditional TGFβ receptor I (ALK5) knockout mice, we interrogate this mechanism. Tumor growth delay and radiation response are unchanged in animals with Treg or macrophage-specific ALK5 deletion. However, CD8αCre-ALK5flox/flox (ALK5ΔCD8) mice reject tumors in high proportions, dependent on CD8+ T cells. ALK5ΔCD8 mice have more tumor-infiltrating effector CD8+ T cells, with more cytotoxic capacity. ALK5-deficient CD8+ T cells exhibit increased CXCR3 expression and enhanced migration towards CXCL10. TGFβ reduces CXCR3 expression, and increases binding of Smad2 to the CXCR3 promoter. In vivo CXCR3 blockade partially abrogates the survival advantage of an ALK5ΔCD8 host. These data demonstrate a mechanism of TGFβ immunosuppression through inhibition of CXCR3 in CD8+ T cells, thereby limiting their trafficking into tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Gunderson
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Tomoko Yamazaki
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Kayla McCarty
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Nathaniel Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Michaela Phillips
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Alejandro Alice
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Tiffany Blair
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Mark Whiteford
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
- The Oregon Clinic, Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, 4805 NE Glisan St, Suite 6N60, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - David O'Brien
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
- The Oregon Clinic, Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, 4805 NE Glisan St, Suite 6N60, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Rehan Ahmad
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
- The Oregon Clinic, Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, 4805 NE Glisan St, Suite 6N60, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Maria X Kiely
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
- The Oregon Clinic, Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, 4805 NE Glisan St, Suite 6N60, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Amanda Hayman
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
- The Oregon Clinic, Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, 4805 NE Glisan St, Suite 6N60, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Todd Crocenzi
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Michael J Gough
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Marka R Crittenden
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
- The Oregon Clinic, Radiation Oncology Division, 4805 NE Glisan St, G level, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Kristina H Young
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, 4805 NE Glisan St, Portland, OR, 97213, USA.
- The Oregon Clinic, Radiation Oncology Division, 4805 NE Glisan St, G level, Portland, OR, 97213, USA.
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146
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Xiao Z, Tian Y, Jia Y, Shen Q, Jiang W, Chen G, Shang B, Shi M, Wang Z, Zhao X. RUNX3 inhibits the invasion and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by reversing the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition through TGF‑β/Smad signaling. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1289-1299. [PMID: 32323849 PMCID: PMC7057941 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt‑related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) is a candidate tumor suppressor, and its inactivation may play a crucial role in the carcinogenesis process of numerous cancer types, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We previously revealed that RUNX3 inactivation was correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and ESCC recurrence. However, the exact mechanisms of this process are still under investigation. The aim of the present study was to examine the potential roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of RUNX3 in ESCC metastasis and the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT). According to the results, RUNX3 expression in ESCC tissue was significantly reduced compared with that in adjacent normal tissue (0.50±0.20 vs. 0.83±0.16; P<0.001). In addition, statistical analysis revealed a close association between decreased RUNX3 expression and T status (P=0.027) and LNM (P=0.017) in ESCC patients. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis was then used to evaluate correlations between RUNX3 and EMT‑related marker expression. The results revealed that RUNX3 expression in ESCC tissues was negatively correlated with the expression of N‑cadherin (r=‑0.429; P<0.01) and Snail (r=‑0.364; P<0.01) and positively correlated with the expression of E‑cadherin (r=0.580; P<0.01). Moreover, Eca109 and EC9706 cell invasion, migration, MMP‑9 expression and EMT were significantly inhibited by RUNX3 overexpression. Notably, further analysis revealed that RUNX3 overexpression markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2/3; RUNX3‑overexpressing cells also displayed less sensitivity to TGF‑β1‑induced EMT than control cells. Thus, RUNX3 may inhibit the invasion and migration of ESCC cells by reversing EMT through TGF‑β/Smad signaling and may be useful as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wenpeng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Bin Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Mo Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Zhou Wang, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thoracic Cancer in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
- Professor Xiaogang Zhao, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Avenue, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China, E-mail:
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147
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Zhang H, Lu S, Chen L, Huang X, Jiang L, Li Y, Liao P, Wu X, Zhou X, Qin L, Wei J, Huang R. 2-Dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione, isolated from the root of Averrhoa carambola L., protects against diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting TLR4/TGFβ signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106120. [PMID: 31972423 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of death and disability of diabetes mellitus. However, there is still a lack of specific drugs for the treatment of DKD. The chief aim of this research is to investigate the role and mechanism of 2-Dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (DMDD) for DKD. METHODS Wild type and TLR4 knockout mice were induced to diabetes. After 4-week treatment with DMDD, blood sugar, renal function, blood lipid and pathological changes were assessed. Real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were employed to detect the expressions of TLR4, TGFβ1 and Smad2/3 in the renal tissue. RESULTS DMDD improved the serum lipid and decreased fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. CysC and urinary albumin levels increased markedly in the diabetic group, and they were obviously decreased after 4 weeks of DMDD treatment. Compared with the WT diabetic mice, the urinary albumin and CysC in the TLR4-/- mice were expressed at lower levels. HE and Masson's staining revealed that DMDD clearly ameliorated pathological changes and renal fibrosis. When TLR4 gene was knock out, the pathological was improved. Mechanistically, TLR4, TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 were obvious up-regulation in the renal tissues of diabetic mice. The expressions of these proteins were significantly down-regulated after DMDD treatment (p < 0.05). In the TLR4-/- mice, mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 were obviously lower than those in the WT mice. In addition, IHC revealed that a strong in situ expressions of TLR4, TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 were seen in the kidney tissues of diabetic mice, which were distinctly weakened in the DMDD-treated mice. In the TLR4-/- mice, however, expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 were not remarkable increase in the diabetic mice compared with normal mice. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly indicate that TLR4 is essential for DMDD protection against renal dysfunction in diabetic mice. Its hypoglycemic and anti-fibrosis effects were likely mediated by the TLR4/TGFβ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shunyu Lu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lixiu Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Luhui Jiang
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Peiyu Liao
- Shenzhen High School of Science (Sendelta International Academy), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingchun Wu
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Luhui Qin
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinbin Wei
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Renbin Huang
- Pharmaceutical College, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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148
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Xu W, Geng H, Liang J, Liu Y, Lv Q, Wang J, Li R, Wang XL, Liu XK, Jones PM, Sun ZL. Wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5a is a key inhibitor of islet stellate cells activation. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:307-314. [PMID: 31368666 PMCID: PMC7078096 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by islet β-cell dysfunction, which might result from the activation of islet stellate cells (ISCs). Our recent study showed that a specific population of ISCs is prone to be activated in type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied by reduced secretion of insulin. The wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 5a (Wnt5a)/frizzled-5 signaling pathway might play an important role in this process. The present study aimed to explore the effects of Wnt5a on the activation of ISCs isolated from db/db mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS ISCs were isolated from db/db mice and matched db/m mice. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis were applied for the determination of Wnt5a expression. Exogenous Wnt5a and lentivirus containing the target gene Wnt5a short hairpin ribonucleic acid were used as a molecular intervention. The experiment of transwell and wound healing was used to evaluate the migration of the isolated ISCs. RESULTS Our data showed that the expression of Wnt5a and frizzled-5 was decreased in the ISCs isolated from db/db mice compared with db/m mice. Both the exogenous Wnt5a and the overexpression of Wnt5a could inhibit the outgrowth rate of ISCs from islets, and its viability, migration and α smooth muscle actin expression. These changes were associated with the inactivation of the Smad2/3 signaling pathway in a frizzled-5-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our observations revealed a potential role of Wnt5a in preventing ISC activation. The maintenance of quiescent ISCs might be a desirable outcome of therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of EndocrinologyXuzhou Central HospitalXuzhou Institute of Medical SciencesAffiliated Hospital of Southeast UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
- Department of DiabetesSchool of Life Course SciencesKing's College London, Guy's CampusLondonUK
- Department of EndocrinologyZhongda HospitalInstitute of DiabetesMedical SchoolSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - HouFa Geng
- Department of EndocrinologyXuzhou Central HospitalXuzhou Institute of Medical SciencesAffiliated Hospital of Southeast UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of EndocrinologyXuzhou Central HospitalXuzhou Institute of Medical SciencesAffiliated Hospital of Southeast UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyXuzhou Central HospitalXuzhou Institute of Medical SciencesAffiliated Hospital of Southeast UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Qian Lv
- Department of EndocrinologyXuzhou Central HospitalXuzhou Institute of Medical SciencesAffiliated Hospital of Southeast UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyXuzhou Central HospitalXuzhou Institute of Medical SciencesAffiliated Hospital of Southeast UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Rui Li
- Department of EndocrinologyXuzhou Central HospitalXuzhou Institute of Medical SciencesAffiliated Hospital of Southeast UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Xiu Li Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyXuzhou Central HospitalXuzhou Institute of Medical SciencesAffiliated Hospital of Southeast UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Xui Kui Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyXuzhou Central HospitalXuzhou Institute of Medical SciencesAffiliated Hospital of Southeast UniversityXuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Peter M Jones
- Department of DiabetesSchool of Life Course SciencesKing's College London, Guy's CampusLondonUK
| | - Zi Lin Sun
- Department of EndocrinologyZhongda HospitalInstitute of DiabetesMedical SchoolSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
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149
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Chia CY, Madrigal P, Denil SLIJ, Martinez I, Garcia-Bernardo J, El-Khairi R, Chhatriwala M, Shepherd MH, Hattersley AT, Dunn NR, Vallier L. GATA6 Cooperates with EOMES/SMAD2/3 to Deploy the Gene Regulatory Network Governing Human Definitive Endoderm and Pancreas Formation. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 12:57-70. [PMID: 30629940 PMCID: PMC6335596 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous de novo mutations in GATA6 are the most frequent cause of pancreatic agenesis in humans. In mice, however, a similar phenotype requires the biallelic loss of Gata6 and its paralog Gata4. To elaborate the human-specific requirements for GATA6, we chose to model GATA6 loss in vitro by combining both gene-edited and patient-derived pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and directed differentiation toward β-like cells. We find that GATA6 heterozygous hPSCs show a modest reduction in definitive endoderm (DE) formation, while GATA6-null hPSCs fail to enter the DE lineage. Consistent with these results, genome-wide studies show that GATA6 binds and cooperates with EOMES/SMAD2/3 to regulate the expression of cardinal endoderm genes. The early deficit in DE is accompanied by a significant reduction in PDX1+ pancreatic progenitors and C-PEPTIDE+ β-like cells. Taken together, our data position GATA6 as a gatekeeper to early human, but not murine, pancreatic ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Y Chia
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Institute of Medical Biology, A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Pedro Madrigal
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon L I J Denil
- Institute of Medical Biology, A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Iker Martinez
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Maggie H Shepherd
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Level 3 RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX25DW, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Level 3 RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX25DW, UK
| | - N Ray Dunn
- Institute of Medical Biology, A(∗)STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, and Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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150
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Stauffer WT, Blackwood EA, Azizi K, Kaufman RJ, Glembotski CC. The ER Unfolded Protein Response Effector, ATF6, Reduces Cardiac Fibrosis and Decreases Activation of Cardiac Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041373. [PMID: 32085622 PMCID: PMC7073073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor-6 α (ATF6) is one of the three main sensors and effectors of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and, as such, it is critical for protecting the heart and other tissues from a variety of environmental insults and disease states. In the heart, ATF6 has been shown to protect cardiac myocytes. However, its roles in other cell types in the heart are unknown. Here we show that ATF6 decreases the activation of cardiac fibroblasts in response to the cytokine, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), which can induce fibroblast trans-differentiation into a myofibroblast phenotype through signaling via the TGFβ–Smad pathway. ATF6 activation suppressed fibroblast contraction and the induction of α smooth muscle actin (αSMA). Conversely, fibroblasts were hyperactivated when ATF6 was silenced or deleted. ATF6 thus represents a novel inhibitor of the TGFβ–Smad axis of cardiac fibroblast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston T. Stauffer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (W.T.S.); (E.A.B.); (K.A.)
| | - Erik A. Blackwood
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (W.T.S.); (E.A.B.); (K.A.)
| | - Khalid Azizi
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (W.T.S.); (E.A.B.); (K.A.)
| | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Christopher C. Glembotski
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University Heart Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (W.T.S.); (E.A.B.); (K.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-619-594-2958
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