8701
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Kato K, Nakagaki H, Okumura H, Li J, Weatherell JA, Robinson C. Influence of occlusion on the fluoride distribution in rat molar cementum. Caries Res 1992; 26:418-22. [PMID: 1294300 DOI: 10.1159/000261480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to examine the influence of occlusion on the fluoride distribution in cementum following an experiment in which the occlusion in rats was locally altered by extracting the upper left molar. These and control rats with normal occlusion were given water containing 0 or 100 ppm fluoride for 12 weeks. The fluoride distributions in cementum from both first lower molars of the same animal were compared. The fluoride concentrations had increased throughout the tissue as a result of increased fluoride administration, irrespective of any changes in occlusion. They were, as usual, generally highest at or near the cementum surface and decrease towards the interior of the tissue. Where there had been a change in occlusion, the thickness of cementum was less than that of the contralateral tooth, but, despite this, the fluoride profiles in contralateral teeth were similar in both experimental and control rats. In the experimental rats, on the other hand, the total fluoride tended to be lower, and the mean fluoride tended to be higher in left molars without antagonists. These findings were never seen in the control rats. It was concluded that the alteration in occlusion influenced the fluoride distribution in the cementum through its effect on the rate of cementum formation.
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8702
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Downer NW, Li J, Penniman EM, DeLuca LW, Smith HG. Surface-bound biomembranes incorporating receptors: electrochemical and structural characterization. Biosens Bioelectron 1992; 7:429-40. [PMID: 1325158 DOI: 10.1016/0956-5663(92)85042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A generic method is described for forming surface-bound structures that incorporate protein receptors in a membrane-like environment. Silane reagents (octadecyltrichlorosilane and dimethyloctadecylchlorosilane) were used to produce primed substrates bearing full and partial monolayers, respectively. Biomembranes were formed by dialysis of detergent-solubilized membranes in the presence of two different alkylsilanized substrates: Si/SiO2 electrodes and glass microspheres. Electrochemical analysis of the capacitance was used to determine apparent thickness and degree of surface coverage at each stage in the deposition process. Elemental analysis on glass beads gave the hydrocarbon incorporation. Glass bead substrates were also examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to evaluate the alkylsilanized substrate before and after dialysis. Both vertebrate rhodopsin and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor could be incorporated into structures with composition and dimensions similar to natural bilayer membranes. The techniques reported here are applicable for coupling membrane receptors to a variety of transducing substrates used in biosensors.
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8703
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Xiao J, Wang Y, Wu S, Li J, Zhang S. Inhibitory effect of tetrandrine on lens proteins-induced ocular inflammation in rabbits. JOURNAL OF OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY 1992; 8:309-15. [PMID: 1484261 DOI: 10.1089/jop.1992.8.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ocular inflammation was induced by 25 microliters of lens proteins (62.5mg/ml) injected into anterior chamber of the rabbit eye. Tetrandrine (Tet) (50mg/kg ip) and Indomethacin (Ind) (20 mg/kg ip) showed marked inhibition on this ocular inflammation. Maximum inhibition rate of Tet and Ind was 65% and 66% and their anti-inflammation action lasted 5 and 4 h, respectively. In the early phase of ocular inflammation (at 2 h) the total content of prostaglandin E(PGES) in the iris was reduced by Tet and Ind. Ind showed a greater effect than Tet on PGES. Tet also inhibited leukocyte chemotaxis significantly at late phase of inflammation. No significant effect was observed on the IOP recovery following reduction by 20% NaCl iv. Topical instillation of 50 microliters of 2% Tet did not display any inhibition of ocular inflammation. These results indicate that Tet is an effective ocular antiinflammatory agent without producing ocular hypertension. The antiinflammatory mechanism of Tet in early phase (at 2 h) was related to inhibition of PGES synthesis. The relationship between ocular anti-inflammation and calcium antagonism of Tet was discussed.
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8704
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Parry G, Li J, Stubbs J, Bissell MJ, Schmidhauser C, Spicer AP, Gendler SJ. Studies of Muc-1 mucin expression and polarity in the mouse mammary gland demonstrate developmental regulation of Muc-1 glycosylation and establish the hormonal basis for mRNA expression. J Cell Sci 1992; 101 ( Pt 1):191-9. [PMID: 1569123 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.101.1.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Muc-1 is a major mucin glycoprotein expressed on the surface of mammary epithelial cells. It has attracted considerable attention as it is expressed in an aberrant form on many breast tumor cells. Here we describe studies using a recently obtained cDNA probe of Muc-1 expression during lactogenic development in the mouse. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that Muc-1 is expressed at all stages of lactogenic development but its levels are increased very significantly during mid-pregnancy and into lactation. The basis of this was examined using CID-9 mammary epithelial cell cultures. It was found that in the presence of insulin Muc-1 mRNA levels were increased by both hydrocortisone and prolactin, with the combination of the three hormones supporting maximum expression. Muc-1 mRNA levels were also modulated by culturing cells on a basement-membrane-like extracellular matrix that promoted mRNA levels 5- to 10-fold above levels in cells cultured on plastic tissue culture dishes. Immunocytochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies to carbohydrate epitopes on Muc-1 demonstrated that while Muc-1 was found at all developmental stages, it became increasingly sialylated during the course of pregnancy and into lactation. Additionally, we found that while Muc-1 is tightly polarized to the apical surface of the epithelium of lactating and pregnant mice it exhibited a less-polarized distribution on a small proportion of ductal cells in virgin mice. We conclude that the expression of Muc-1 is regulated at several different levels and by a number of different factors. We speculate that this may reflect different functional roles for Muc-1 at different stages of mammary development.
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8705
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Li J, Hu HY, Zhao YN. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1992; 33:138-41. [PMID: 1319384 DOI: 10.1159/000294867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was measured in the serum of 33 pregnant women with normal blood pressure or pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) using sensitive hippuric acid colorimetric micromethods. Mean serum ACE activity in 17 PIH patients (73.25 +/- 18.81 U/ml) was significantly higher than that in normotensive pregnant women (16 cases; 52.36 +/- 9.91 U/ml; p less than 0.01). Mean arterial blood pressure was correlated with the level of serum ACE activity in all pregnant women (y = 69.089 + 0.49x, r = 0.562, p less than 0.01). In PIH patients, the gestosis index and the degree of edema also had a statistically significant correlation with the level of serum ACE activity (y = -0.560 + 0.056x, r = 0.549, p less than 0.05; y = -1.760 + 0.043x, r = 0.629, p less than 0.01). The amount of 24-hour urinary protein was independent of the level of serum ACE activity. It seems that a disturbance in the regulation of ACE activity may be one of the factors responsible for the development of PIH.
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8706
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Mullins F, Li J, Hargreaves A, Dahlström A, McLean W. Tyrosination state of alpha-tubulin in peripheral nerve regeneration. Neurochem Int 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0197-0186(92)91912-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8707
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Li J, Tong S, Vitvitski L, Trépo C. Sequence analysis of PCR amplified hepatitis C virus cDNA from French non-A, non-B hepatitis patients. ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY. SUPPLEMENTUM 1992; 4:184-5. [PMID: 1450687 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-5633-9_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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8708
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Fan LL, Sun LH, Li J, Yue XH, Yu HX, Wang SY. The protective effect of puerarin against myocardial reperfusion injury. Study on cardiac function. Chin Med J (Engl) 1992; 105:11-7. [PMID: 1576864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to find out if puerarin could protect the hearts from myocardial reperfusion injury after cardiac arrest, twelve dogs divided into two equal groups were placed on moderately hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and their hearts were subjected to 140 min of cold cardioplegic arrest and 60 min of reperfusion. In the control group, the hearts were perfused with a crystalloid cardioplegic solution (CPS) through the aortic root every 20 min during arrest. In the treated group, the hearts received CPS containing puerarin (2 mg/kg). Cardiac hemodynamic variables were monitored throughout the experiments. Left ventricular function curves were formed before ischemia and after 60 min of reperfusion. The results showed that the recovery of left ventricular function in the treated group was significantly better than that in the controls (81 +/- 11% versus 39 +/- 7%, P less than 0.01). Compared with preischemic values, the increase of coronary blood flow (CBF) at cardiac arrest in the puerarin-treated group was higher than that in the control group (214 +/- 11 versus 177 +/- 4 ml/min, P less than 0.01). The data indicate that puerarin has protective effects on the cardiac function after prolonged arrest and reperfusion.
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8709
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Jin G, Li J, Piao H. [Chemical constituents of Ledebouriella seseloides Wolff]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1992; 17:38-40, 64. [PMID: 1524666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Eleven compounds were isolated from the methanolic extraction of the radix of Ledebouriella seseloides. They were identified as beta-sitosterol, bergapten, hamaudol, daucosterine sec-O-glucosylhamaudol, 5-O-methylvisamminol, cimifugin, sucrose, 4-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-5-O-methyl-visamminol, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and mannitol by physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic analysis.
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8710
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Yang K, Liu Y, Lipkin M, Wang G, Mou D, Li G, Li J, Li P. Precancerous lesions of the human esophagus: multiparametric study of esophageal biopsies from a high-risk population in Linxian, China. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY. SUPPLEMENT 1992; 16G:187-94. [PMID: 1469900 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240501132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Histopathology, morphometry, tritiated thymidine incorporation and immunohistochemistry were studied in 221 esophageal biopsies from subjects with cytologica hyperplasia in Linxian, China. A spectrum of 7 morphologic entities were found: (1) normal/near normal (NN); (2) basal cell hyperplasia 0 (BHO); (3) simple hyperplasia (SH); (4) mixed basal and spinous cell hyperplasia (MBS); (5) basal cell hyperplasia 1 (BH1); (6) dysplasia (D); and (7) non-proliferative lesion (NP). Forty percent of the biopsies had combinations of histologic types. The thickness of the epithelium was increased in SH, MBS, and BH1, but not in BHO and NP. Elongation of papillae was frequently seen in SH, MBS, BH1, and D. Papillary bleeding was very prevalent in the esophageal specimens studied. A variety of cellular changes were found in peripapillary areas especially when bleeding occurred. [3H]-thymidine labeling index was dramatically increased in the entire epithelium in dysplasia, and also increased in cell layer 3 of MBS, BH1 and D. Blood group antigen LeY and lectin WGA showed consistent positivity in cellular membranes of the squamous cells, and these changes occurred before gross morphologic alterations. These findings provide a hypothesis for the sequence of pathogenetic events leading to esophageal carcinoma, and define each step with corresponding biomarkers for cancer prevention studies.
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8711
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Li J. Reproduction worship and population growth in China. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POPULATION SCIENCE 1992; 4:27-31. [PMID: 12286123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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8712
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Yue SL, Zhou XD, Li J. Multibacterial artificial plaque. A model for studying carious process. Chin Med J (Engl) 1992; 105:25-9. [PMID: 1576866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A multibacterial artificial plaque was established in vitro on enamel slabs incubated in mixed culture of Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans (serotype c), Streptococcus salivarius, Lactobacillus casei and Actinomyces viscosus. Typical structure same as natural plaque was seen under microscope. The caries-like lesion produced under the plaque was observed in enamel sections. The lesion was similar in appearance to natural ones under optic and scanning electron microscopes. The acids produced in both culture media and artificial plaque were similar in composition and type to those produced in natural plaque after sugar attack. It is suggested that this kind of plaque model may be useful in studying carious process in vitro, because it is easily controlled either by changing the composition of bacteria or by adding different kinds of nutrient in the media. Moreover, the results will be easier to explain than those produced in natural ones.
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8713
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Li J, Guha MK, Creighton DJ. Enzyme chemistry of dithiohemiacetals: synthesis and characterization of S-D-dithiomandeloylglutathione as an alternate substrate for glyoxalase I. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 181:657-63. [PMID: 1755849 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)91241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Both the D- and L-forms of S-dithiomandeloylglutathione (1) have been synthesized by a dithioester-interchange reaction between GSH and S-carboxy-methyl(D,L)-dithiomandelate. Kinetic and product analysis studies indicate that yeast glyoxalase I efficiently catalyzes the stereoselective conversion of D-1 to GSH-phenylglyoxal dithiohemiacetal (2), isolated as a disulfide adduct between 2 and a second molecule of GSH. This observation suggests that dithioester substrate analogues should be generally useful as mechanistic probes of enzyme catalyzed reactions involving thiohemiacetal intermediates.
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8714
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Li J. [A follow-up study of HBV infection in a village of Beijing rural area]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 1991; 12:321-4. [PMID: 1811888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
From 1982 to 1988, a follow-up study on HBV infection was carried out in a village of Beijing rural area. The negative conversion rates of HBsAg; anti-HBs; anti-HBc were 2.9%; 2.1%; 1.2% per year respectively. It was seemed that the negative conversion of HBsAg; anti-HBs increased with age. The present of anti-HBc was favorable to keeping anti-HBs. For all of the three markers, the higher the titre, the lower the negative conversion rates. It was concluded that the essential factor influencing the natural outcome of HBV markers was the level of HBV duplication. Those who were susceptible to HBV in 1982 were infected at the rate of 20.3% in this period. Analysis indicated that source of the Infection perhaps seems not to be in their family.
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8715
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Li J, Wu Z, Zhang J, Xiong C, Liu Y, Yuan H, Xu H. [Pharmacological studies on the comparison between the drainage and certified Fel Ursi]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 1991; 16:749-52, 763. [PMID: 1811674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A comparison between the drainage and certified Fel Ursi was studied by pharmacological methods. The results demonstrated that the drainage Fel Ursi was similar to the certified products in anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, sedative, anticonvulsive, antispasmodic and bacteriostatic actions.
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8716
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Wu B, Guan G, Li J, Huang Z, Zhan Y. [Statistical analysis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the differentiation of symptoms and signs]. YAN KE XUE BAO = EYE SCIENCE 1991; 7:199-204. [PMID: 1844077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-eight individuals according with entry criterion were allowed to participate in the study. Their clinical symptoms and signs were classified to seven symptoms by means of epidemiology. The results indicated syndrome of vital energy in patient group had more significant than controlled group, the others had not. In the syndrome of deficiency of vital energy, the frequency that the corpalent tongue or margin and tip of the tongue look jagged and the pulse lost its vitality emerged in the patient group surpassed significantly the controlled group. So, we initially considered that traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of AMD patient is mainly the deficiency of vital energy. The happening and development of AMD is probably related to the physique of deficiency of vital energy, it is a key point of determination of treatment with traditional chinese medicine based on differentiation of symptoms and signs.
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8717
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Berg BL, Li J, Heider J, Stewart V. Nitrate-inducible formate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli K-12. I. Nucleotide sequence of the fdnGHI operon and evidence that opal (UGA) encodes selenocysteine. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:22380-5. [PMID: 1834669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The fdnGHI operon of Escherichia coli encodes nitrate-inducible formate dehydrogenase. We report here the entire nucleotide sequence of fdnGHI. The sequence contains three open reading frames of sizes appropriate to encode the three subunits of formate dehydrogenase-N. fdnG contains an in-frame UGA codon that specifies selenocysteine incorporation, and the predicted amino acid sequence of FdnG shows similarity to two other bacterial formate dehydrogenase enzymes. FdnH contains 4 cysteine clusters typical of those found in iron-sulfur proteins. FdnG also contains a cysteine cluster. Evidence from sequence and spectral analyses suggest that FdnI encodes cytochrome bFdn556. Implications for the membrane topology of formate dehydrogenase-N and its mechanism of proton translocation are discussed.
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8718
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Zhou XW, Li J, Wuttig M. Pretransformation twinning in In-Tl alloys. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:10367-10368. [PMID: 9999050 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.10367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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8719
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Kau S, Yochim C, Do ML, Leszczynska K, Andruskiewicz C, Schwartz J, Li J, Howe B. ICI 181,037: a novel eukalemic diuretic with antiarrhythmic activity. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1991; 57:263-77. [PMID: 1813657 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.57.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
ICI 181,037, the most active compound from a series of 1,1-diarylcarbin-1-ol-2 amines, was evaluated for diuretic and cardiovascular activity. In saline-loaded rats, the magnitude of water diuresis and saluresis produced by ICI 181,037 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) was equal to that of hydrochlorothiazide. Water diuresis and saluresis produced by ICI 181,037 were enhanced with SKF 525A, ampicillin or neomycin plus lincomycin, suggesting that ICI 181,037 is an active diuretic. In conscious dogs, the saluretic activity of ICI d-181,037 (5 mg/kg, p.o.) was about 80% of the corresponding hydrochlorothiazide value, whereas the l-isomer demonstrated only minimum saluretic activity. In both rats and dogs, the concurrent kaliuresis after ICI 181,037 or its enantiomers was minimal as compared to hydrochlorothiazide. Following chronic dosing with diuretic doses, the basal levels of plasma potassium in dogs were not altered. In amphibian in vitro models for mimicking mammalian nephron, ICI 181,037 and its enantiomers demonstrated antinatriferic and antichloriferic activities, suggesting multiple renal sites of action for this agent. Racemic ICI 181,037 and its isomers reversed ouabain-induced arrhythmia in dogs and/or reduced the ouabain-induced mortality in mice after intravenous administration. It is concluded that ICI 181,037, particularly its d-isomer, is a novel eukalemic diuretic and possesses antiarrhythmic activity.
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8720
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Li J, Jiang QG, Zhong WD. Persistent ethanol drinking increases liver injury induced by trinitrotoluene exposure: an in-plant case-control study. Hum Exp Toxicol 1991; 10:405-9. [PMID: 1687851 DOI: 10.1177/096032719101000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of a general survey conducted in a munitions plant, a case-control study was made on the various risk factors of liver damage induced by trinitrotoluene (TNT) exposure in the plant. One-hundred male cases with occupational TNT liver damage were paired with 100 male controls, one-by-one, for occupation, age and duration (years) of employment. A total of 55 possible risk factors were statistically analysed with a single factor analysis. On the basis of the single analysis, nine factors including drinking, smoking and education were further analysed with a conditional logistic regression model. A calculation was made on the odds ratio (OR) of each factor selected into the model. According to the estimated parameter of the established logistic model, the relative risk of the risk factors could be worked out. Finally, two factors, the amount of ethanol drunk on each occasion and the frequency of drinking every week were selected into the model at the level of a = 0.05. The result showed that these two factors have a dose-response relationship with their OR of occupational TNT liver damage, but there is no connection between smoking and occupational TNT liver damage and no interaction between drinking and smoking. The above results have revealed that people exposed to TNT and with a long history of heavy drinking, have a greater risk of suffering from chronic liver impairment than those that do not drink.
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8721
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Li J, Nappi AJ. Electrochemical identification of dopachrome isomerase in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 180:724-9. [PMID: 1953745 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A principal reaction in the eumelanin biosynthetic pathway is the conversion of dopachrome (DC) to dihydroxyindole(s). Dopachrome isomerase (DI), the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction, was detected for the first time in larvae of D. melanogaster. Unlike the enzyme from B16 mouse melanoma cells which converts dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA), the insect enzyme forms 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI). The activity of the insect DI was linear through 15 min incubation, and the amount of DHI produced was proportional to the amount of enzyme that was incorporated into the reaction mixtures.
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8722
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Smith SS, Li J. GABAB receptor stimulation by baclofen and taurine enhances excitatory amino acid induced phosphatidylinositol turnover in neonatal rat cerebellum. Neurosci Lett 1991; 132:59-64. [PMID: 1686306 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(91)90433-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid stimulation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis has been associated with development of the CNS. Normally minimally ineffective in stimulating PI hydrolysis in the neonatal rat cerebellum, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) increased levels of PI hydrolysis 82.3 +/- 5.5% above basal values in the presence of 1 microM baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acidB (GABAB) receptor agonist. This effect was observed at day 7 but not in adult cerebellum. The effect of baclofen could be mimicked by low dose GABA and taurine, actions which were blocked by prior application of a specific GABAB antagonist. Therefore, the ability of NMDA to stimulate PI hydrolysis in neonatal cerebellar tissue may be regulated by the degree of GABAB receptor stimulation.
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8723
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Li J, Taylor B. Comparison of immunisation rates in general practice and child health clinics. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1991; 303:1035-8. [PMID: 1954458 PMCID: PMC1671732 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.303.6809.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare immunisation uptake rates in general practice surgeries and community child health clinics. DESIGN Cohort study using data from a computerised child health system. SETTING Four health districts of North East Thames Regional Health Authority. SUBJECTS 3616 children born January to March 1990 and resident in the four districts at the end of January 1991. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Immunisation uptake rates at 10-12 months of age, age at immunisation, scheduling performance at the two locations, and odds ratios of outstanding immunisations. RESULTS 80% of children registered at general practices had completed their third dose of pertussis immunisation compared with 68% of those at health clinics. Median ages at the third dose were 24 weeks and 29 weeks at the two locations respectively. Scheduling was more effective at general practice surgeries. Unscheduled immunisations were more likely to be given after the recommended age. Overall, children resident in rural and suburban areas had greater uptakes than those in inner cities. Odds ratios for not being fully immunised among children registered at health clinics were 1.4 times those among children immunised in general practice and 3.0 times greater among children resident in inner cities than among those in rural and suburban districts. Children who moved into a district, however, were no less likely to be fully immunised than children who were born there. CONCLUSIONS The immunisation uptake rate was better in general practices than in child health clinics in both inner city and rural and suburban areas. Uptake may be increased with additional support to enable general practitioners to undertake immunisations, especially in inner cities.
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8724
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Li J. [The blood lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels in hypertensive patients]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 1991; 19:317-9. [PMID: 1817019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8725
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Wetzel MG, Li J, Alvarez RA, Anderson RE, O'Brien PJ. Metabolism of linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in rat retinas and rod outer segments. Exp Eye Res 1991; 53:437-46. [PMID: 1834476 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4835(91)90161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega 3) is uniquely enriched in photoreceptor outer segment phospholipids, comprising up to one-half of the fatty acids of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine. The current study was designed to investigate the incorporation of 22:6 omega 3 into outer segment phospholipids over 12 days and to determine whether the retina contained the enzymes necessary for elongation and desaturation of the major dietary precursor of 22:6 omega 3, the essential fatty acid linolenic acid (18:3 omega 3). Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravitreally with [14C]22:6 omega 3 or [14C]18:3 omega 3 and kept in cyclic light (12 hr light/12 hr dark) for 2 hr to 12 days. Phospholipids from rod outer segments and the remaining retinal debris were separated by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. [14C]22:6 omega 3 radioactivity was initially highest in phosphatidylcholine and rapidly decreased from 45% of total phospholipid labeling at 2 hr to 26% by 1 and 3 days in ROS, while phosphatidylethanolamine labeling increased from 49 to 68% by 3 days and phosphatidylserine labeling increased from 3 to 14% over 12 days. Phenacyl derivatives of total fatty acids were separated by HPLC. A substantial conversion of [14C]18:3 to [14C]20:5, [14C]22:5 and [14C]22:6 was noted after 1 days, with increasing conversion to [14C]22:6 over the 12-day period. When only one eye was injected with [14C]18:3 omega 3, negligible radioactive fatty acids were detected in the contralateral eye from 1 to 12 days post-injection demonstrating that conversion of 18:3 to 22:6 occurred primarily within the injected eye. All enzymes for elongation and desaturation of 18:3 to 22:6 appear to be present in the eye. However, the conversion of 22:5 to 22:6 by delta-4 desaturase is evidently rate-limiting and may affect phospholipid replacement during photoreceptor outer segment renewal if this pathway proves to be essential for the supply of 22:6 during disk membrane formation.
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