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Zech M, Boesch S, Maier EM, Borggraefe I, Vill K, Laccone F, Pilshofer V, Ceballos-Baumann A, Alhaddad B, Berutti R, Poewe W, Haack TB, Haslinger B, Strom TM, Winkelmann J. Haploinsufficiency of KMT2B, Encoding the Lysine-Specific Histone Methyltransferase 2B, Results in Early-Onset Generalized Dystonia. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:1377-1387. [PMID: 27839873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-onset generalized dystonia represents the severest form of dystonia, a hyperkinetic movement disorder defined by involuntary twisting postures. Although frequently transmitted as a single-gene trait, the molecular basis of dystonia remains largely obscure. By whole-exome sequencing a parent-offspring trio in an Austrian kindred affected by non-familial early-onset generalized dystonia, we identified a dominant de novo frameshift mutation, c.6406delC (p.Leu2136Serfs∗17), in KMT2B, encoding a lysine-specific methyltransferase involved in transcriptional regulation via post-translational modification of histones. Whole-exome-sequencing-based exploration of a further 30 German-Austrian individuals with early-onset generalized dystonia uncovered another three deleterious mutations in KMT2B-one de novo nonsense mutation (c.1633C>T [p.Arg545∗]), one de novo essential splice-site mutation (c.7050-2A>G [p.Phe2321Serfs∗93]), and one inherited nonsense mutation (c.2428C>T [p.Gln810∗]) co-segregating with dystonia in a three-generation kindred. Each of the four mutations was predicted to mediate a loss-of-function effect by introducing a premature termination codon. Suggestive of haploinsufficiency, we found significantly decreased total mRNA levels of KMT2B in mutant fibroblasts. The phenotype of individuals with KMT2B loss-of-function mutations was dominated by childhood lower-limb-onset generalized dystonia, and the family harboring c.2428C>T (p.Gln810∗) showed variable expressivity. In most cases, dystonic symptoms were accompanied by heterogeneous non-motor features. Independent support for pathogenicity of the mutations comes from the observation of high rates of dystonic presentations in KMT2B-involving microdeletion syndromes. Our findings thus establish generalized dystonia as the human phenotype associated with haploinsufficiency of KMT2B. Moreover, we provide evidence for a causative role of disordered histone modification, chromatin states, and transcriptional deregulation in dystonia pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zech
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Esther M Maier
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Borggraefe
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Vill
- Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Franco Laccone
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical School of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andres Ceballos-Baumann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Schön Klinik München Schwabing, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Bader Alhaddad
- Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Riccardo Berutti
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; Devision of Molecular Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haslinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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152
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Garcia Borreguero D, Winkelmann J, Allen RP. Introduction: Towards a better understanding of the science of RLS/WED. Sleep Med 2016; 31:1-2. [PMID: 27894926 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Department of Neurology, and Inst. Humangenetics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany; Munich Center for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Germany
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153
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Müller SH, Girard SL, Hopfner F, Merner ND, Bourassa CV, Lorenz D, Clark LN, Tittmann L, Soto-Ortolaza AI, Klebe S, Hallett M, Schneider SA, Hodgkinson CA, Lieb W, Wszolek ZK, Pendziwiat M, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Poewe W, Ortega-Cubero S, Seppi K, Rajput A, Hussl A, Rajput AH, Berg D, Dion PA, Wurster I, Shulman JM, Srulijes K, Haubenberger D, Pastor P, Vilariño-Güell C, Postuma RB, Bernard G, Ladwig KH, Dupré N, Jankovic J, Strauch K, Panisset M, Winkelmann J, Testa CM, Reischl E, Zeuner KE, Ross OA, Arzberger T, Chouinard S, Deuschl G, Louis ED, Kuhlenbäumer G, Rouleau GA. Genome-wide association study in essential tremor identifies three new loci. Brain 2016; 139:3163-3169. [PMID: 27797806 PMCID: PMC5382938 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide association study of essential tremor, a common movement disorder characterized mainly by a postural and kinetic tremor of the upper extremities. Twin and family history studies show a high heritability for essential tremor. The molecular genetic determinants of essential tremor are unknown. We included 2807 patients and 6441 controls of European descent in our two-stage genome-wide association study. The 59 most significantly disease-associated markers of the discovery stage were genotyped in the replication stage. After Bonferroni correction two markers, one (rs10937625) located in the serine/threonine kinase STK32B and one (rs17590046) in the transcriptional coactivator PPARGC1A were associated with essential tremor. Three markers (rs12764057, rs10822974, rs7903491) in the cell-adhesion molecule CTNNA3 were significant in the combined analysis of both stages. The expression of STK32B was increased in the cerebellar cortex of patients and expression quantitative trait loci database mining showed association between the protective minor allele of rs10937625 and reduced expression in cerebellar cortex. We found no expression differences related to disease status or marker genotype for the other two genes. Replication of two lead single nucleotide polymorphisms of previous small genome-wide association studies (rs3794087 in SLC1A2, rs9652490 in LINGO1) did not confirm the association with essential tremor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie H Müller
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon L Girard
- 2 Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Canada.,3 Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Franziska Hopfner
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Nancy D Merner
- 3 Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,4 Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Cynthia V Bourassa
- 3 Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Delia Lorenz
- 5 University Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lorraine N Clark
- 6 Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Lukas Tittmann
- 7 Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and Biobank POPGEN, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Klebe
- 9 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,10 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Mark Hallett
- 11 NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susanne A Schneider
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany.,12 Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Lieb
- 7 Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel and Biobank POPGEN, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Manuela Pendziwiat
- 14 Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Oswaldo Lorenzo-Betancor
- 15 Neurogenetics, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, CIBERNED, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,16 Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Werner Poewe
- 17 Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- 15 Neurogenetics, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, CIBERNED, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,16 Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus Seppi
- 17 Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Rajput
- 18 University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anna Hussl
- 17 Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ali H Rajput
- 18 University of Saskatchewan and Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Daniela Berg
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrick A Dion
- 3 Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Isabel Wurster
- 19 Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joshua M Shulman
- 20 Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,21 Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Neuroscience, and Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karin Srulijes
- 19 Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dietrich Haubenberger
- 11 NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- 15 Neurogenetics, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, CIBERNED, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.,16 Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- 22 Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- 3 Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,23 Department of Neurology, Montreal General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- 3 Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.,24 Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Neurosurgery, division of Pediatric Neurology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Karl-Heinz Ladwig
- 25 Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,26 Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- 27 Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, CHU de Québec (Enfant-Jésus), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- 20 Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- 28 Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,29 Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Michel Panisset
- 30 Unité des troubles du mouvement André Barbeau, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- 31 Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,32 Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (Synergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia M Testa
- 33 Department of Neurology and Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA
| | - Eva Reischl
- 25 Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,34 Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten E Zeuner
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Owen A Ross
- 8 Department of Neuroscience and Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- 35 Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, University of Munich, 80539 München, Germany.,36 Centre for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvain Chouinard
- 30 Unité des troubles du mouvement André Barbeau, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Günther Deuschl
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Elan D Louis
- 37 Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gregor Kuhlenbäumer
- 1 Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Germany
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- 3 Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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154
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Zech M, Boesch S, Jochim A, Weber S, Meindl T, Schormair B, Wieland T, Lunetta C, Sansone V, Messner M, Mueller J, Ceballos-Baumann A, Strom TM, Colombo R, Poewe W, Haslinger B, Winkelmann J. Clinical exome sequencing in early-onset generalized dystonia and large-scale resequencing follow-up. Mov Disord 2016; 32:549-559. [PMID: 27666935 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dystonia is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Despite being a first-line testing tool for heterogeneous inherited disorders, whole-exome sequencing has not yet been evaluated in dystonia diagnostics. We set up a pilot study to address the yield of whole-exome sequencing for early-onset generalized dystonia, a disease subtype enriched for monogenic causation. METHODS Clinical whole-exome sequencing coupled with bioinformatics analysis and detailed phenotyping of mutation carriers was performed on 16 consecutive cases with genetically undefined early-onset generalized dystonia. Candidate pathogenic variants were validated and tested for cosegregation. The whole-exome approach was complemented by analyzing 2 mutated yet unestablished causative genes in another 590 dystonia cases. RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing detected clinically relevant mutations of known dystonia-related genes in 6 generalized dystonia cases (37.5%), among whom 3 had novel variants. Reflecting locus heterogeneity, identified unique variants were distributed over 5 genes (GCH1, THAP1, TOR1A, ANO3, ADCY5), of which only 1 (ANO3) was mutated recurrently. Three genes (GCH1, THAP1, TOR1A) were associated with isolated generalized dystonia, whereas 2 (ANO3, ADCY5) gave rise to combined dystonia-myoclonus phenotypes. Follow-up screening of ANO3 and ADCY5 revealed a set of distinct variants of interest, the pathogenicity of which was supported by bioinformatics testing and cosegregation work. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified whole-exome sequencing as an effective strategy for molecular diagnosis of early-onset generalized dystonia and offers insights into the heterogeneous genetic architecture of this condition. Furthermore, it provides confirmatory evidence for a dystonia-relevant role of ANO3 and ADCY5, both of which likely associate with a broader spectrum of dystonic expressions than previously thought. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zech
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der lsar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angela Jochim
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der lsar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandrina Weber
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Meindl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der lsar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Schormair
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Lunetta
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre Sud (NEMO SUD), Fondazione Aurora Onlus, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Sansone
- Neuromuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biochemical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Joerg Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andres Ceballos-Baumann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der lsar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Schön Klinik München Schwabing, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,Center for the Study of Rare Hereditary Diseases, Niguarda Ca' Granda Metropolitan Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Haslinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der lsar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der lsar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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155
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Galenkamp H, Gagliardi C, Principi A, Golinowska S, Moreira A, Schmidt AE, Winkelmann J, Sowa A, van der Pas S, Deeg DJH. Predictors of social leisure activities in older Europeans with and without multimorbidity. Eur J Ageing 2016; 13:129-143. [PMID: 27358604 PMCID: PMC4902842 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-016-0375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Older people spend much time participating in leisure activities, such as taking part in organized activities and going out, but the extent of participation may differ according to both individual and environmental resources available. Chronic health problems become more prevalent at higher ages and likely necessitate tapping different resources to maintain social participation. This paper compares predictors of participation in social leisure activities between older people with and those without multimorbidity. The European Project on Osteoarthritis (EPOSA) was conducted in Germany, UK, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain and Sweden (N = 2942, mean age 74.2 (5.2)). Multivariate regression was used to predict social leisure participation and degree of participation in people with and without multimorbidity. Fewer older people with multimorbidity participated in social leisure activities (90.6 %), compared to those without multimorbidity (93.9 %). The frequency of participation was also lower compared to people without multimorbidity. Higher socioeconomic status, widowhood, a larger network of friends, volunteering, transportation possibilities and having fewer depressive symptoms were important for (the degree of) social leisure participation. Statistically significant differences between the multimorbidity groups were observed for volunteering and driving a car, which were more important predictors of participation in those with multimorbidity. In contrast, self-reported income appeared more important for those without multimorbidity, compared to those who had multimorbidity. Policies focusing on social (network of friends), physical (physical performance) and psychological factors (depressive symptoms) and on transportation possibilities are recommended to enable all older people to participate in social leisure activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Galenkamp
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Gagliardi
- National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Principi
- National Institute of Health and Science on Ageing (INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | - Stanislawa Golinowska
- Collegium Medicum Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland ; Institute of Labour and Social Studies, Warsaw, Poland ; Center for Social and Economic Research (CASE), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amilcar Moreira
- Institute of Social Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrea E Schmidt
- European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Agnieszka Sowa
- Institute of Labour and Social Studies, Warsaw, Poland ; Center for Social and Economic Research (CASE), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Suzan van der Pas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorly J H Deeg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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156
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Trenkwalder C, Allen R, Högl B, Paulus W, Winkelmann J. Restless legs syndrome associated with major diseases: A systematic review and new concept. Neurology 2016; 86:1336-1343. [PMID: 26944272 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent publications on both the genetics and environmental factors of restless legs syndrome (RLS) defined as a clinical disorder suggest that overlapping genetic risk factors may play a role in primary (idiopathic) and secondary (symptomatic) RLS. Following a systematic literature search of RLS associated with comorbidities, we identified an increased prevalence of RLS only in iron deficiency and kidney disease. In cardiovascular disease, arterial hypertension, diabetes, migraine, and Parkinson disease, the methodology of studies was poor, but an association might be possible. There is insufficient evidence for conditions such as anemia (without iron deficiency), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, multiple sclerosis, headache, stroke, narcolepsy, and ataxias. Based on possible gene-microenvironmental interaction, the classifications primary and secondary RLS may suggest an inappropriate causal relation. We recognize that in some conditions, treatment of the underlying disease should be achieved as far as possible to reduce or eliminate RLS symptoms. RLS might be seen as a continuous spectrum with a major genetic contribution at one end and a major environmental or comorbid disease contribution at the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Trenkwalder
- From Center of Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders (C.T.), Paracelsus-Elena Hospital, Kassel; Departments of Neurosurgery (C.T.) and Clinical Neurophysiology (W.P.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.A.), The Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Institute for Neurogenomic (J.W.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J.W.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.W.), Munich, Germany.
| | - Richard Allen
- From Center of Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders (C.T.), Paracelsus-Elena Hospital, Kassel; Departments of Neurosurgery (C.T.) and Clinical Neurophysiology (W.P.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.A.), The Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Institute for Neurogenomic (J.W.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J.W.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.W.), Munich, Germany
| | - Birgit Högl
- From Center of Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders (C.T.), Paracelsus-Elena Hospital, Kassel; Departments of Neurosurgery (C.T.) and Clinical Neurophysiology (W.P.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.A.), The Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Institute for Neurogenomic (J.W.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J.W.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.W.), Munich, Germany
| | - Walter Paulus
- From Center of Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders (C.T.), Paracelsus-Elena Hospital, Kassel; Departments of Neurosurgery (C.T.) and Clinical Neurophysiology (W.P.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.A.), The Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Institute for Neurogenomic (J.W.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J.W.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.W.), Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- From Center of Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders (C.T.), Paracelsus-Elena Hospital, Kassel; Departments of Neurosurgery (C.T.) and Clinical Neurophysiology (W.P.), University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neurology (R.A.), The Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology (B.H.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Institute for Neurogenomic (J.W.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg; Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik (J.W.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (J.W.), Munich, Germany.
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Garcia-Borreguero D, Silber MH, Winkelman JW, Högl B, Bainbridge J, Buchfuhrer M, Hadjigeorgiou G, Inoue Y, Manconi M, Oertel W, Ondo W, Winkelmann J, Allen RP. Guidelines for the first-line treatment of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease, prevention and treatment of dopaminergic augmentation: a combined task force of the IRLSSG, EURLSSG, and the RLS-foundation. Sleep Med 2016; 21:1-11. [PMID: 27448465 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A Task Force was established by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) in conjunction with the European Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (EURLSSG) and the RLS Foundation (RLS-F) to develop evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations for the prevention and treatment of long-term pharmacologic treatment of dopaminergic-induced augmentation in restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED). The Task Force made the following prevention and treatment recommendations: As a means to prevent augmentation, medications such as α2δ ligands may be considered for initial RLS/WED treatment; these drugs are effective and have little risk of augmentation. Alternatively, if dopaminergic drugs are elected as initial treatment, then the daily dose should be as low as possible and not exceed that recommended for RLS/WED treatment. However, the physician should be aware that even low dose dopaminergics can cause augmentation. Patients with low iron stores should be given appropriate iron supplementation. Daily treatment by either medication should start only when symptoms have a significant impact on quality of life in terms of frequency and severity; intermittent treatment might be considered in intermediate cases. Treatment of existing augmentation should be initiated, where possible, with the elimination/correction of extrinsic exacerbating factors (iron levels, antidepressants, antihistamines, etc.). In cases of mild augmentation, dopamine agonist therapy can be continued by dividing or advancing the dose, or increasing the dose if there are breakthrough night-time symptoms. Alternatively, the patient can be switched to an α2δ ligand or rotigotine. For severe augmentation the patient can be switched either to an α2δ ligand or rotigotine, noting that rotigotine may also produce augmentation at higher doses with long-term use. In more severe cases of augmentation an opioid may be considered, bypassing α2δ ligands and rotigotine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael H Silber
- Center for Sleep Medicine and Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John W Winkelman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Högl
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jacquelyn Bainbridge
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Neurology, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mark Buchfuhrer
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Private Practice, Downey, CA, USA
| | - Georgios Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mauro Manconi
- Sleep and Epilepsy Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Civic Hospital, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - William Ondo
- Department of Neurology, Methodist Neuroscience Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Neurogenomics, Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Richard P Allen
- Sleep Disorders Center, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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158
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Schulte EC, Altmaier E, Berger HS, Do KT, Kastenmüller G, Wahl S, Adamski J, Peters A, Krumsiek J, Suhre K, Haslinger B, Ceballos-Baumann A, Gieger C, Winkelmann J. Alterations in Lipid and Inositol Metabolisms in Two Dopaminergic Disorders. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147129. [PMID: 26808974 PMCID: PMC4726488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum metabolite profiling can be used to identify pathways involved in the pathogenesis of and potential biomarkers for a given disease. Both restless legs syndrome (RLS) and Parkinson`s disease (PD) represent movement disorders for which currently no blood-based biomarkers are available and whose pathogenesis has not been uncovered conclusively. We performed unbiased serum metabolite profiling in search of signature metabolic changes for both diseases. Methods 456 metabolites were quantified in serum samples of 1272 general population controls belonging to the KORA cohort, 82 PD cases and 95 RLS cases by liquid-phase chromatography and gas chromatography separation coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Genetically determined metabotypes were calculated using genome-wide genotyping data for the 1272 general population controls. Results After stringent quality control, we identified decreased levels of long-chain (polyunsaturated) fatty acids of individuals with PD compared to both RLS (PD vs. RLS: p = 0.0001 to 5.80x10-9) and general population controls (PD vs. KORA: p = 6.09x10-5 to 3.45x10-32). In RLS, inositol metabolites were increased specifically (RLS vs. KORA: p = 1.35x10-6 to 3.96x10-7). The impact of dopaminergic drugs was reflected in changes in the phenylalanine/tyrosine/dopamine metabolism observed in both individuals with RLS and PD. Conclusions A first discovery approach using serum metabolite profiling in two dopamine-related movement disorders compared to a large general population sample identified significant alterations in the polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in PD and implicated the inositol metabolism in RLS. These results provide a starting point for further studies investigating new perspectives on factors involved in the pathogenesis of the two diseases as well as possible points of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C. Schulte
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Altmaier
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hannah S. Berger
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kieu Trinh Do
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Wahl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation–Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bernhard Haslinger
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andres Ceballos-Baumann
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Schön Klinik München Schwabing, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, United States of America
- * E-mail: ;
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159
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Jochim A, Zech M, Gora-Stahlberg G, Winkelmann J, Haslinger B. The clinical phenotype of early-onset isolated dystonia caused by recessiveCOL6A3mutations (DYT27). Mov Disord 2015; 31:747-50. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Jochim
- Department of Neurology; Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Michael Zech
- Department of Neurology; Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich; Munich Germany
- Institute for Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
| | - Gina Gora-Stahlberg
- Department of Neurology; Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute for Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy; Munich Germany
| | - Bernhard Haslinger
- Department of Neurology; Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich; Munich Germany
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160
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Stuart P, Nair R, Tsoi L, Tejasvi T, Das S, Kang H, Ellinghaus E, Chandran V, Callis-Duffin K, Ike R, Li Y, Wen X, Enerbäck C, Gudjonsson J, Kõks S, Kingo K, Esko T, Mrowietz U, Reis A, Wichmann H, Gieger C, Hoffmann P, Nöthen M, Winkelmann J, Kunz M, Moreta E, Mease P, Ritchlin C, Bowcock A, Krueger G, Lim H, Weidinger S, Weichenthal M, Voorhees J, Rahman P, Gregersen P, Franke A, Gladman D, Abecasis G, Elder J. Genome-wide Association Analysis of Psoriatic Arthritis and Cutaneous Psoriasis Reveals Differences in Their Genetic Architecture. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:816-36. [PMID: 26626624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) is a common inflammatory and hyperproliferative skin disease. Up to 30% of people with PsV eventually develop psoriatic arthritis (PsA), an inflammatory musculoskeletal condition. To discern differences in genetic risk factors for PsA and cutaneous-only psoriasis (PsC), we carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 1,430 PsA case subjects and 1,417 unaffected control subjects. Meta-analysis of this study with three other GWASs and two targeted genotyping studies, encompassing a total of 9,293 PsV case subjects, 3,061 PsA case subjects, 3,110 PsC case subjects, and 13,670 unaffected control subjects of European descent, detected 10 regions associated with PsA and 11 with PsC at genome-wide (GW) significance. Several of these association signals (IFNLR1, IFIH1, NFKBIA for PsA; TNFRSF9, LCE3C/B, TRAF3IP2, IL23A, NFKBIA for PsC) have not previously achieved GW significance. After replication, we also identified a PsV-associated SNP near CDKAL1 (rs4712528, odds ratio [OR] = 1.16, p = 8.4 × 10(-11)). Among identified psoriasis risk variants, three were more strongly associated with PsC than PsA (rs12189871 near HLA-C, p = 5.0 × 10(-19); rs4908742 near TNFRSF9, p = 0.00020; rs10888503 near LCE3A, p = 0.0014), and two were more strongly associated with PsA than PsC (rs12044149 near IL23R, p = 0.00018; rs9321623 near TNFAIP3, p = 0.00022). The PsA-specific variants were independent of previously identified psoriasis variants near IL23R and TNFAIP3. We also found multiple independent susceptibility variants in the IL12B, NOS2, and IFIH1 regions. These results provide insights into the pathogenetic similarities and differences between PsC and PsA.
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161
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Zech M, Boesch S, Sycha T, Mueller J, Poewe W, Winkelmann J. TOR1A, THAP1, andGNALmutational screening in Austrian patients with primary isolated dystonia. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1853-4. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zech
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- Institut für Neurogenomik; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Department of Neurology; Medical University Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Thomas Sycha
- Department of Neurology; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Joerg Mueller
- Department of Neurology; Medical University Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
- Vivantes Klinikum Spandau; Berlin Germany
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology; Medical University Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- Institut für Neurogenomik; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy; Munich Germany
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162
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Fischer A, Ellinghaus D, Nutsua M, Hofmann S, Montgomery CG, Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Petrek M, Mrazek F, Pabst S, Grohé C, Grunewald J, Ronninger M, Eklund A, Padyukov L, Mihailovic-Vucinic V, Jovanovic D, Sterclova M, Homolka J, Nöthen MM, Herms S, Gieger C, Strauch K, Winkelmann J, Boehm BO, Brand S, Büning C, Schürmann M, Ellinghaus E, Baurecht H, Lieb W, Nebel A, Müller-Quernheim J, Franke A, Schreiber S. Identification of Immune-Relevant Factors Conferring Sarcoidosis Genetic Risk. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 192:727-36. [PMID: 26051272 PMCID: PMC4595678 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201503-0418oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Genetic variation plays a significant role in the etiology of sarcoidosis. However, only a small fraction of its heritability has been explained so far. OBJECTIVES To define further genetic risk loci for sarcoidosis, we used the Immunochip for a candidate gene association study of immune-associated loci. METHODS Altogether the study population comprised over 19,000 individuals. In a two-stage design, 1,726 German sarcoidosis cases and 5,482 control subjects were genotyped for 128,705 single-nucleotide polymorphisms using the Illumina Immunochip for the screening step. The remaining 3,955 cases, 7,514 control subjects, and 684 parents of affected offspring were used for validation and replication of 44 candidate and two established risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Four novel susceptibility loci were identified with genome-wide significance in the European case-control populations, located on chromosomes 12q24.12 (rs653178; ATXN2/SH2B3), 5q33.3 (rs4921492; IL12B), 4q24 (rs223498; MANBA/NFKB1), and 2q33.2 (rs6748088; FAM117B). We further defined three independent association signals in the HLA region with genome-wide significance, peaking in the BTNL2 promoter region (rs5007259), at HLA-B (rs4143332/HLA-B*0801) and at HLA-DPB1 (rs9277542), and found another novel independent signal near IL23R (rs12069782) on chromosome 1p31.3. CONCLUSIONS Functional predictions and protein network analyses suggest a prominent role of the drug-targetable IL23/Th17 signaling pathway in the genetic etiology of sarcoidosis. Our findings reveal a substantial genetic overlap of sarcoidosis with diverse immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, which could be of relevance for the clinical application of modern therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Fischer
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcel Nutsua
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sylvia Hofmann
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Courtney G. Montgomery
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Martin Petrek
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Mrazek
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Christian Grohé
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Evangelische Lungenklinik Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and CMM, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ronninger
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and CMM, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Eklund
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine and CMM, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Dragana Jovanovic
- Thoracic Oncology and ILD Department, University Hospital of Pulmonology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martina Sterclova
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Thomayer Hospital and 1 Medical Faculty and
| | - Jiri Homolka
- 1st Lung Department, Prague General Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics and
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics and
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Genomics Group, Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Epidemiology II and
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology and
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology and
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, MRI
- Department of Neurology, MRI, and
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
- LKCMedicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II–Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Büning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Charité, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Graduate School of Information Science in Health, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venerology, and
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Popgen Biobank, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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163
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Rothwell S, Cooper RG, Lundberg IE, Miller FW, Gregersen PK, Bowes J, Vencovsky J, Danko K, Limaye V, Selva-O'Callaghan A, Hanna MG, Machado PM, Pachman LM, Reed AM, Rider LG, Cobb J, Platt H, Molberg Ø, Benveniste O, Mathiesen P, Radstake T, Doria A, De Bleecker J, De Paepe B, Maurer B, Ollier WE, Padyukov L, O'Hanlon TP, Lee A, Amos CI, Gieger C, Meitinger T, Winkelmann J, Wedderburn LR, Chinoy H, Lamb JA. Dense genotyping of immune-related loci in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies confirms HLA alleles as the strongest genetic risk factor and suggests different genetic background for major clinical subgroups. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:1558-66. [PMID: 26362759 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a heterogeneous group of rare autoimmune diseases characterised by muscle weakness and extramuscular manifestations such as skin rashes and interstitial lung disease. We genotyped 2566 IIM cases of Caucasian descent using the Immunochip; a custom array covering 186 established autoimmune susceptibility loci. The cohort was predominantly comprised of patients with dermatomyositis (DM, n=879), juvenile DM (JDM, n=481), polymyositis (PM, n=931) and inclusion body myositis (n=252) collected from 14 countries through the Myositis Genetics Consortium. RESULTS The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and PTPN22 regions reached genome-wide significance (p<5×10(-8)). Nine regions were associated at a significance level of p<2.25×10(-5), including UBE2L3, CD28 and TRAF6, with evidence of independent effects within STAT4. Analysis of clinical subgroups revealed distinct differences between PM, and DM and JDM. PTPN22 was associated at genome-wide significance with PM, but not DM and JDM, suggesting this effect is driven by PM. Additional suggestive associations including IL18R1 and RGS1 in PM and GSDMB in DM were identified. HLA imputation confirmed that alleles HLA-DRB1*03:01 and HLA-B*08:01 of the 8.1 ancestral haplotype (8.1AH) are most strongly associated with IIM, and provides evidence that amino acids within the HLA, such as HLA-DQB1 position 57 in DM, may explain part of the risk in this locus. Associations with alleles outside the 8.1AH reveal differences between PM, DM and JDM. CONCLUSIONS This work represents the largest IIM genetic study to date, reveals new insights into the genetic architecture of these rare diseases and suggests different predominating pathophysiology in different clinical subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rothwell
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Arthritis Research UK, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert G Cooper
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ingrid E Lundberg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frederick W Miller
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter K Gregersen
- The Robert S Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - John Bowes
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Arthritis Research UK, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jiri Vencovsky
- Institute of Rheumatology and Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katalin Danko
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Vidya Limaye
- Royal Adelaide Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Michael G Hanna
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Pedro M Machado
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Lauren M Pachman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ann M Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa G Rider
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joanna Cobb
- Arthritis Research UK, NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hazel Platt
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Øyvind Molberg
- Department of Rheumatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Timothy Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Doria
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jan De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Boel De Paepe
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Britta Maurer
- Department of Rheumatology and Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - William E Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Terrance P O'Hanlon
- Environmental Autoimmunity Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Annette Lee
- The Robert S Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucy R Wedderburn
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hector Chinoy
- National Institute of Health Research Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Janine A Lamb
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Zech M, Boesch S, Jochim A, Graf S, Lichtner P, Peters A, Gieger C, Mueller J, Poewe W, Haslinger B, Winkelmann J. Large-scale TUBB4A mutational screening in isolated dystonia and controls. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:1278-81. [PMID: 26318963 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in TUBB4A have recently been implicated in two seemingly different disease entities, namely DYT4-isolated dystonia and hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC), a disorder characterized by considerable clinical variability. While several follow-up studies confirmed the importance of TUBB4A mutations in the development of H-ABC, their contribution to isolated dystonia remains uncertain. METHODS We screened the TUBB4A coding regions in a large population of 709 isolated dystonia patients of German/Austrian ancestry as well as in 376 ancestry-matched control subjects by means of Sanger sequencing and high-resolution melting. In addition, we assessed the overall frequency of rare non-synonymous TUBB4A genetic variation in the huge exome dataset released by the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC). RESULTS We were unable to identify any possibly pathogenic sequence alteration in either patients or controls. According to ExAC, the overall prevalence of rare missense and loss-of-function alleles in the TUBB4A gene can be estimated at ∼1:706. CONCLUSIONS In accordance with previous work, our data indicate that TUBB4A coding mutations do not play a critical role in the broad population of isolated dystonia patients. Rather, isolated dystonia as seen in DYT4 might be an exceptional feature occurring in the heterogeneous phenotypic spectrum due to TUBB4A mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zech
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Boesch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angela Jochim
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Graf
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Joerg Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Haslinger
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) can severely affect quality of life and disturb sleep, so that pharmacological treatment is necessary, especially for elderly patients. Treatment guidelines recommend initiation of therapy with dopamine agonists (pramipexole, ropinirole or the rotigotine transdermal patch, all approved in most countries) or α-2-δ ligands (gabapentin enacarbil, approved in the USA and Japan), depending on the country and availability. Where approved, opioids (prolonged release oxycodone-naloxone, approved in Europe) are also recommended as a second-line therapy for severe RLS. Several iron formulations can be effective but are not yet approved for RLS therapy, whereas benzodiazepines and other anticonvulsants are not recommended or approved. Less is known about effective management of RLS that is associated with other conditions, such as uraemia or pregnancy. Furthermore, very little data are available on the management of RLS when first-line treatment fails or patients experience augmentation. In this Review, we summarize state-of-the-art therapies for RLS in the context of the diagnostic criteria and available guidelines, based on knowledge ranging from Class I evidence for the treatment of idiopathic RLS to Class IV evidence for the treatment of complications such as augmentation. We consider therapies, including combination therapies, that are used in clinical practice for long-term management of RLS, despite a lack of trials and approval, and highlight the need for practical long-term evaluation of current trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Trenkwalder
- 1] Paracelsus Elena Klinik, Centre of Parkinsonism and Movement Disorders, Kassel, Klinikstrasse 16, 34128 Kassel, Germany. [2] Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- 1] Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences and Centre for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, 3165 Porter Drive Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. [2] Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Yuichi Inoue
- 1] Japan Somnology Center, Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 1-17-7-301 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0053, Japan. [2] Department of Somnology, Tokyo Medical University, Nishi-Shinjuku 6-7-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Zech M, Castrop F, Haslinger B, Winkelmann J. Reply to letter: Novel compound heterozygous mutations in PRKRA
cause pure dystonia. Mov Disord 2015; 30:878-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zech
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Haslinger
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences and Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine; Stanford University School of Medicine; Palo Alto California USA
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology; SyNergy; Munich Germany
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167
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Li J, Jørgensen SF, Maggadottir SM, Bakay M, Warnatz K, Glessner J, Pandey R, Salzer U, Schmidt RE, Perez E, Resnick E, Goldacker S, Buchta M, Witte T, Padyukov L, Videm V, Folseraas T, Atschekzei F, Elder JT, Nair RP, Winkelmann J, Gieger C, Nöthen MM, Büning C, Brand S, Sullivan KE, Orange JS, Fevang B, Schreiber S, Lieb W, Aukrust P, Chapel H, Cunningham-Rundles C, Franke A, Karlsen TH, Grimbacher B, Hakonarson H, Hammarström L, Ellinghaus E. Association of CLEC16A with human common variable immunodeficiency disorder and role in murine B cells. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6804. [PMID: 25891430 PMCID: PMC4444044 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency in adults, characterized by B-cell abnormalities and inadequate antibody response. CVID patients have considerable autoimmune comorbidity and we therefore hypothesized that genetic susceptibility to CVID may overlap with autoimmune disorders. Here, in the largest genetic study performed in CVID to date, we compare 778 CVID cases with 10,999 controls across 123,127 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the Immunochip. We identify the first non-HLA genome-wide significant risk locus at CLEC16A (rs17806056, P=2.0 × 10(-9)) and confirm the previously reported human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations on chromosome 6p21 (rs1049225, P=4.8 × 10(-16)). Clec16a knockdown (KD) mice showed reduced number of B cells and elevated IgM levels compared with controls, suggesting that CLEC16A may be involved in immune regulatory pathways of relevance to CVID. In conclusion, the CLEC16A associations in CVID represent the first robust evidence of non-HLA associations in this immunodeficiency condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Silje F. Jørgensen
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - S. Melkorka Maggadottir
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marina Bakay
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joseph Glessner
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Rahul Pandey
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ulrich Salzer
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhold E. Schmidt
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elena Perez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elena Resnick
- Institute of Immunology and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Sigune Goldacker
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mary Buchta
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Witte
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vibeke Videm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children’s and Women’s Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine Folseraas
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Faranaz Atschekzei
- Clinic for Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - James T. Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rajan P. Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, MRI, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Synery Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology
- Stanford University, Department of Neurology and Neurosciences and Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Büning
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II–Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen E. Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Section of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Børre Fevang
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank popgen, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pål Aukrust
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Helen Chapel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Tom H. Karlsen
- K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg and, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
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Benyamin B, Esko T, Ried JS, Radhakrishnan A, Vermeulen SH, Traglia M, Gögele M, Anderson D, Broer L, Podmore C, Luan J, Kutalik Z, Sanna S, van der Meer P, Tanaka T, Wang F, Westra HJ, Franke L, Mihailov E, Milani L, Hälldin J, Winkelmann J, Meitinger T, Thiery J, Peters A, Waldenberger M, Rendon A, Jolley J, Sambrook J, Kiemeney LA, Sweep FC, Sala CF, Schwienbacher C, Pichler I, Hui J, Demirkan A, Isaacs A, Amin N, Steri M, Waeber G, Verweij N, Powell JE, Nyholt DR, Heath AC, Madden PAF, Visscher PM, Wright MJ, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Hernandez D, Bandinelli S, van der Harst P, Uda M, Vollenweider P, Scott RA, Langenberg C, Wareham NJ, van Duijn C, Beilby J, Pramstaller PP, Hicks AA, Ouwehand WH, Oexle K, Gieger C, Metspalu A, Camaschella C, Toniolo D, Swinkels DW, Whitfield JB. Corrigendum: Novel loci affecting iron homeostasis and their effects in individuals at risk for hemochromatosis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6542. [PMID: 25817829 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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169
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Schulte EC, Fukumori A, Mollenhauer B, Hor H, Arzberger T, Perneczky R, Kurz A, Diehl-Schmid J, Hüll M, Lichtner P, Eckstein G, Zimprich A, Haubenberger D, Pirker W, Brücke T, Bereznai B, Molnar MJ, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Pastor P, Peters A, Gieger C, Estivill X, Meitinger T, Kretzschmar HA, Trenkwalder C, Haass C, Winkelmann J. Rare variants in β-Amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Parkinson's disease. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1328-33. [PMID: 25604855 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) develop cognitive deficits, and a phenotypic and molecular overlap between neurodegenerative diseases exists. We investigated the contribution of rare variants in seven genes of known relevance to dementias (β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), PSEN1/2, MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau), fused in sarcoma (FUS), granulin (GRN) and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)) to PD and PD plus dementia (PD+D) in a discovery sample of 376 individuals with PD and followed by the genotyping of 25 out of the 27 identified variants with a minor allele frequency <5% in 975 individuals with PD, 93 cases with Lewy body disease on neuropathological examination, 613 individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 182 cases with frontotemporal dementia and 1014 general population controls. Variants identified in APP were functionally followed up by Aβ mass spectrometry in transiently transfected HEK293 cells. PD+D cases harbored more rare variants across all the seven genes than PD individuals without dementia, and rare variants in APP were more common in PD cases overall than in either the AD cases or controls. When additional controls from publically available databases were added, one rare variant in APP (c.1795G>A(p.(E599K))) was significantly associated with the PD phenotype but was not found in either the PD cases or controls of an independent replication sample. One of the identified rare variants (c.2125G>A (p.(G709S))) shifted the Aβ spectrum from Aβ40 to Aβ39 and Aβ37. Although the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated, our data suggest a possible role for APP in modifying the PD phenotype as well as a general contribution of genetic factors to the development of dementia in individuals with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Schulte
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Akio Fukumori
- Department of Biochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus Elena Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,Neurochirurgische Klinik, Georg August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hyun Hor
- Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Ludwig-Maximillians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Psychiatrische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alexander Kurz
- Psychiatrische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Psychiatrische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hüll
- Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik, Albert Ludwigs Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gertrud Eckstein
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Walter Pirker
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Brücke
- Neurologische Klinik, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Bereznai
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria J Molnar
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Oswaldo Lorenzo-Betancor
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERNED, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Annette Peters
- Institut für Epidemiologie II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institut für Genetische Epidemiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Pompeu Fabra University (UPF) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans A Kretzschmar
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Ludwig-Maximillians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus Elena Klinik, Kassel, Germany.,Neurochirurgische Klinik, Georg August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Haass
- Department of Biochemistry, Adolf-Butenandt-Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, Munich, Germany
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170
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Schulte EC, Winkelmann J. Clinical Phenotype and Genetics of Restless Legs Syndrome. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Han F, Lin L, Schormair B, Pizza F, Plazzi G, Ollila HM, Nevsimalova S, Jennum P, Knudsen S, Winkelmann J, Coquillard C, Babrzadeh F, Strom TM, Wang C, Mindrinos M, Fernandez Vina M, Mignot E. HLA DQB1*06:02 negative narcolepsy with hypocretin/orexin deficiency. Sleep 2014; 37:1601-8. [PMID: 25197808 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To identify rare allelic variants and HLA alleles in narcolepsy patients with hypocretin (orexin, HCRT) deficiency but lacking DQB1*06:02. SETTINGS China (Peking University People's Hospital), Czech Republic (Charles University), Denmark (Golstrup Hospital), Italy (University of Bologna), Korea (Catholic University), and USA (Stanford University). DESIGN CSF hypocretin-1, DQB1*06:02, clinical and polysomnographic data were collected in narcolepsy patients (552 with and 144 without cataplexy) from 6 sites. Numbers of cases with and without DQB1*06:02 and low CSF hypocretin-1 were compiled. HLA class I (A, B, C), class II (DRBs, DQA1, DQB1, DPA1, and DPB1), and whole exome sequencing were conducted in 9 DQB1*06:02 negative cases with low CSF hypocretin-1. Sanger sequencing of selected exons in DNMT1, HCRT, and MOG was performed to exclude mutations in known narcolepsy-associated genes. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Classic narcolepsy markers DQB1*06:02 and low CSF hypocretin-1 were found in 87.4% of cases with cataplexy, and in 20.0% without cataplexy. Nine cases (all with cataplexy) were DQB1*06:02 negative with low CSF hypocretin-1, constituting 1.7% [0.8%-3.4%] of all cases with cataplexy and 1.8% [0.8%-3.4%] of cases with low CSF hypocretin independent of cataplexy across sites. Five HLA negative subjects had severe cataplexy, often occurring without clear triggers. Subjects had diverse ethnic backgrounds and HLA alleles at all loci, suggesting no single secondary HLA association. The rare subtype DPB1*0901, and homologous DPB1*10:01 subtype, were present in 5 subjects, suggesting a secondary association with HLA-DP. Preprohypocretin sequencing revealed no mutations beyond one previously reported in a very early onset case. No new MOG or DNMT1 mutations were found, nor were suspicious or private variants in novel genes identified through exome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Hypocretin, MOG, or DNMT1 mutations are exceptional findings in DQB1*06:02 negative cases with hypocretin deficiency. A secondary HLA-DP association may be present in these cases. These represent particularly difficult diagnostic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, the Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Barbara Schormair
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany and Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabio Pizza
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna and IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna and IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Hanna M Ollila
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Sona Nevsimalova
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Czech Republic
| | - Poul Jennum
- Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Knudsen
- Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark and Norwegian Resource Center for ADHD, TS and Narcolepsy (NK), Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA and Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany and Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cristin Coquillard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Farbod Babrzadeh
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany and Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Michael Mindrinos
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
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172
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Moore H, Winkelmann J, Lin L, Finn L, Peppard P, Mignot E. Periodic leg movements during sleep are associated with polymorphisms in BTBD9, TOX3/BC034767, MEIS1, MAP2K5/SKOR1, and PTPRD. Sleep 2014; 37:1535-42. [PMID: 25142570 PMCID: PMC4153066 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.4006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine association between periodic leg movements (PLM) and 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6 loci known to increase risk of restless legs syndrome (RLS). SETTING Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine and Clinical Research Unit of University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research. PATIENTS Adult participants (n = 1,090, mean age = 59.7 years) from the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort (2,394 observations, 2000-2012). DESIGN AND INTERVENTIONS A previously validated automatic detector was used to measure PLMI. Thirteen SNPs within BTBD9, TOX3/BC034767, MEIS1 (2 unlinked loci), MAP2K5/SKOR1, and PTPRD were tested. Analyses were performed using a linear model and by PLM category using a 15 PLM/h cutoff. Statistical significance for loci was Bonferroni corrected for 6 loci (P < 8.3 × 10(-3)). RLS symptoms were categorized into four groups: likely, possible, no symptoms, and unknown based on a mailed survey response. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Prevalence of PLMI ≥ 15 was 33%. Subjects with PLMs were older, more likely to be male, and had more frequent RLS symptoms, a shorter total sleep time, and higher wake after sleep onset. Strong associations were found at all loci except one. Highest associations for PLMI > 15/h were obtained using a multivariate model including age, sex, sleep disturbances, and the best SNPs for each loci, yielding the following odds ratios (OR) and P values: BTBD9 rs3923809(A) OR = 1.65, P = 1.5×10(-8); TOX3/BC034767 rs3104788(T) OR = 1.35, P = 9.0 × 10(-5); MEIS1 rs12469063(G) OR = 1.38, P = 2.0 × 10(-4); MAP2K5/SKOR1 rs6494696(G) OR = 1.24, P = 1.3×10(-2); and PTPRD(A) rs1975197 OR = 1.31, P = 6.3×10(-3). Linear regression models also revealed significant PLM effects for BTBD9, TOX3/BC034767, and MEIS1. Co-varying for RLS symptoms only modestly reduced the genetic associations. CONCLUSIONS Single nucleotide polymorphisms demonstrated to increase risk of RLS are strongly linked to increased PLM as well, although some loci may have more effects on one versus the other phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyatt Moore
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Ling Lin
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Laurel Finn
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Paul Peppard
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
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173
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Döring N, Doupi P, Glonti K, Winkelmann J, Warren E, McKee M, Knai C. Electronic discharge summaries in cross-border care in the European Union: How close are we to making it happen? International Journal of Care Coordination 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/2053435414540614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The political drive for cross-border care within the European Union and an increasing focus on integrated care both have implications for electronic health records. The hospital discharge summary is a critical component of systems to ensure quality and continuity of care, and in a cross-border setting would particularly benefit from an electronic version. We have explored the extent to which European Union level policy and practice on electronic health records address issues pertinent to the development and implementation of electronic discharge summaries for patients treated outside their own country. Methods We approached the topic by analysing data from two different sources: European Union policy documents on topics relevant to electronic health records and deliverables of European Union-funded electronic health record-focused research and development projects. Elements pertinent to different aspects of interoperability – legal, semantic and technical – were extracted from both sources and their content compared to assess the degree of consistency between policy and implementation targets. Results We identified 25 policy documents and 14 European Union-funded projects. Our results show that European legislation is increasingly aligned with projects funded through European Union sources and substantial progress has been accomplished in achieving electronic communication across European health systems. Nevertheless, the achievement of a European level interoperable discharge summary is still a distant goal, while inadequate attention has been paid to the coordination of current discharge summary practices in Member States. Discussion If the harmonized European Union patient summary is also to function as an electronic discharge summary, further specific steps are needed that address issues of both content and processes related to communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Döring
- Maastricht University, The Netherlands
- Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - P Doupi
- National Institute for Health and Welfare – THL, Finland
| | - K Glonti
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - J Winkelmann
- European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Austria
| | - E Warren
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - M McKee
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - C Knai
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
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174
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Zech M, Castrop F, Schormair B, Jochim A, Wieland T, Gross N, Lichtner P, Peters A, Gieger C, Meitinger T, Strom TM, Oexle K, Haslinger B, Winkelmann J. DYT16 revisited: exome sequencing identifies PRKRA mutations in a European dystonia family. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1504-10. [PMID: 25142429 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive DYT16 dystonia associated with mutations in PRKRA has until now been reported only in seven Brazilian patients. The aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic cause underlying disease in a Polish family with autosomal-recessive, early-onset generalized dystonia and slight parkinsonism, and to explore further the role of PRKRA in a dystonia series of European ancestry. We employed whole-exome sequencing in two affected siblings of the Polish family and filtered for rare homozygous and compound heterozygous variants shared by both exomes. Validation of the identified variants as well as homozygosity screening and copy number variation analysis was carried out in the two affected individuals and their healthy siblings. PRKRA was analyzed in 339 German patients with various forms of dystonia and 376 population-based controls by direct sequencing or high-resolution melting. The previously described homozygous p.Pro222Leu mutation in PRKRA was found to segregate with the disease in the studied family, contained in a 1.2 Mb homozygous region identical by state with all Brazilian patients in chromosome 2q31.2. The clinical presentation with young-onset, progressive generalized dystonia and mild parkinsonism resembled the phenotype of the original DYT16 cases. PRKRA mutational screening in additional dystonia samples revealed three novel heterozygous changes (p.Thr34Ser, p.Asn102Ser, c.-14A>G), each in a single subject with focal/segmental dystonia. Our study provides the first independent replication of the DYT16 locus at 2q31.2 and strongly confirms the causal contribution of the PRKRA gene to DYT16. Our data suggest worldwide involvement of PRKRA in dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zech
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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175
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Schulte EC, Kousi M, Tan PL, Tilch E, Knauf F, Lichtner P, Trenkwalder C, Högl B, Frauscher B, Berger K, Fietze I, Hornyak M, Oertel WH, Bachmann CG, Zimprich A, Peters A, Gieger C, Meitinger T, Müller-Myhsok B, Katsanis N, Winkelmann J. Targeted resequencing and systematic in vivo functional testing identifies rare variants in MEIS1 as significant contributors to restless legs syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:85-95. [PMID: 24995868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurologic condition characterized by nocturnal dysesthesias and an urge to move, affecting the legs. RLS is a complex trait, for which genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified common susceptibility alleles of modest (OR 1.2-1.7) risk at six genomic loci. Among these, variants in MEIS1 have emerged as the largest risk factors for RLS, suggesting that perturbations in this transcription factor might be causally related to RLS susceptibility. To establish this causality, direction of effect, and total genetic burden of MEIS1, we interrogated 188 case subjects and 182 control subjects for rare alleles not captured by previous GWASs, followed by genotyping of ∼3,000 case subjects and 3,000 control subjects, and concluded with systematic functionalization of all discovered variants using a previously established in vivo model of neurogenesis. We observed a significant excess of rare MEIS1 variants in individuals with RLS. Subsequent assessment of all nonsynonymous variants by in vivo complementation revealed an excess of loss-of-function alleles in individuals with RLS. Strikingly, these alleles compromised the function of the canonical MEIS1 splice isoform but were irrelevant to an isoform known to utilize an alternative 3' sequence. Our data link MEIS1 loss of function to the etiopathology of RLS, highlight how combined sequencing and systematic functional annotation of rare variation at GWAS loci can detect risk burden, and offer a plausible explanation for the specificity of phenotypic expressivity of loss-of-function alleles at a locus broadly necessary for neurogenesis and neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Schulte
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Kousi
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Perciliz L Tan
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Erik Tilch
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Knauf
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus Elena Klinik, 34128 Kassel, Germany; Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Georg August Universität, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Högl
- Department of Neurology, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Department of Neurology, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ingo Fietze
- Zentrum für Schlafmedizin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Magdolna Hornyak
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Interdisziplinäres Schmerzzentrum, Albert-Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Diakoniewerk München-Maxvorstadt, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Klinik für Neurologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius G Bachmann
- Abteilung für Neurologie, Paracelsus Klinikum Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; Klinische Neurophysiologie, Georg August Universität, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medizinische Universität Wien, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Max-Planck Institut für Psychiatrie München, 80804 Munich, Germany; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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176
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Schulte EC, Kaffe M, Schormair B, Winkelmann J. Iron in Restless Legs Syndrome. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2014; 1:161-172. [PMID: 30363981 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A link between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and iron has been recognized for several decades. Yet, the precise role that iron or other components of iron metabolism play in bringing about RLS is still a matter of debate. During the last few years, many new pieces of evidence from genetics, pathology, imaging, and clinical studies have surfaced. However, the way this evidence fits into the larger picture of RLS as a disease is not always easily understood. To provide a better understanding of the complex interplay between iron metabolism and RLS and highlight areas that need further elucidation, we systematically and critically review the current literature on the role of iron in RLS pathophysiology and treatment with a special emphasis on genetics, neuropathology, cell and animal models, imaging studies, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Schulte
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München Munich Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Maria Kaffe
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München Munich Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Barbara Schormair
- Institut für Humangenetik Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München Munich Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany.,Institut für Humangenetik Klinikum rechts der Isar Technische Universität München Munich Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich Germany
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177
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Schulte EC, Schramm K, Schurmann C, Lichtner P, Herder C, Roden M, Gieger C, Peters A, Trenkwalder C, Högl B, Frauscher B, Berger K, Fietze I, Gross N, Stiasny-Kolster K, Oertel W, Bachmann CG, Paulus W, Zimprich A, Völzke H, Schminke U, Nauck M, Illig T, Meitinger T, Müller-Myhsok B, Prokisch H, Winkelmann J. Blood cis-eQTL analysis fails to identify novel association signals among sub-threshold candidates from genome-wide association studies in restless legs syndrome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98092. [PMID: 24875634 PMCID: PMC4038519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurologic disorder characterized by nightly dysesthesias affecting the legs primarily during periods of rest and relieved by movement. RLS is a complex genetic disease and susceptibility factors in six genomic regions have been identified by means of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). For some complex genetic traits, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) are enriched among trait-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). With the aim of identifying new genetic susceptibility factors for RLS, we assessed the 332 best-associated SNPs from the genome-wide phase of the to date largest RLS GWAS for cis-eQTL effects in peripheral blood from individuals of European descent. In 740 individuals belonging to the KORA general population cohort, 52 cis-eQTLs with pnominal<10−3 were identified, while in 976 individuals belonging to the SHIP-TREND general population study 53 cis-eQTLs with pnominal<10−3 were present. 23 of these cis-eQTLs overlapped between the two cohorts. Subsequently, the twelve of the 23 cis-eQTL SNPs, which were not located at an already published RLS-associated locus, were tested for association in 2449 RLS cases and 1462 controls. The top SNP, located in the DET1 gene, was nominally significant (p<0.05) but did not withstand correction for multiple testing (p = 0.42). Although a similar approach has been used successfully with regard to other complex diseases, we were unable to identify new genetic susceptibility factor for RLS by adding this novel level of functional assessment to RLS GWAS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C. Schulte
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schramm
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institut für Humangenetik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- University Clinics of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute for Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute for Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus Elena Klinik, Kassel, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Georg August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Högl
- Neurologische Klinik, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Neurologische Klinik, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ingo Fietze
- Zentrum für Schlafmedizin, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Gross
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Stiasny-Kolster
- Neurologische Klinik, Philips Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Somnomar Institut für Medizinische Forschung und Schlafmedizin, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Oertel
- Neurologische Klinik, Philips Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Georg August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulf Schminke
- Institute of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max-Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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178
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Moghadam KK, Pizza F, La Morgia C, Franceschini C, Tonon C, Lodi R, Barboni P, Seri M, Ferrari S, Liguori R, Donadio V, Parchi P, Cornelio F, Inzitari D, Mignarri A, Capocchi G, Dotti MT, Winkelmann J, Lin L, Mignot E, Carelli V, Plazzi G. Narcolepsy is a common phenotype in HSAN IE and ADCA-DN. Brain 2014; 137:1643-55. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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179
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Spieler D, Kaffe M, Knauf F, Bessa J, Tena JJ, Giesert F, Schormair B, Tilch E, Lee H, Horsch M, Czamara D, Karbalai N, von Toerne C, Waldenberger M, Gieger C, Lichtner P, Claussnitzer M, Naumann R, Müller-Myhsok B, Torres M, Garrett L, Rozman J, Klingenspor M, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, Hrabě de Angelis M, Beckers J, Hölter SM, Meitinger T, Hauck SM, Laumen H, Wurst W, Casares F, Gómez-Skarmeta JL, Winkelmann J. Restless legs syndrome-associated intronic common variant in Meis1 alters enhancer function in the developing telencephalon. Genome Res 2014; 24:592-603. [PMID: 24642863 PMCID: PMC3975059 DOI: 10.1101/gr.166751.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified the MEIS1 locus for Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), but causal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their functional relevance remain unknown. This locus contains a large number of highly conserved noncoding regions (HCNRs) potentially functioning as cis-regulatory modules. We analyzed these HCNRs for allele-dependent enhancer activity in zebrafish and mice and found that the risk allele of the lead SNP rs12469063 reduces enhancer activity in the Meis1 expression domain of the murine embryonic ganglionic eminences (GE). CREB1 binds this enhancer and rs12469063 affects its binding in vitro. In addition, MEIS1 target genes suggest a role in the specification of neuronal progenitors in the GE, and heterozygous Meis1-deficient mice exhibit hyperactivity, resembling the RLS phenotype. Thus, in vivo and in vitro analysis of a common SNP with small effect size showed allele-dependent function in the prospective basal ganglia representing the first neurodevelopmental region implicated in RLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Spieler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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180
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Navon Elkan P, Pierce SB, Segel R, Walsh T, Barash J, Padeh S, Zlotogorski A, Berkun Y, Press JJ, Mukamel M, Voth I, Hashkes PJ, Harel L, Hoffer V, Ling E, Yalcinkaya F, Kasapcopur O, Lee MK, Klevit RE, Renbaum P, Weinberg-Shukron A, Sener EF, Schormair B, Zeligson S, Marek-Yagel D, Strom TM, Shohat M, Singer A, Rubinow A, Pras E, Winkelmann J, Tekin M, Anikster Y, King MC, Levy-Lahad E. Mutant adenosine deaminase 2 in a polyarteritis nodosa vasculopathy. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:921-31. [PMID: 24552285 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1307362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyarteritis nodosa is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis with a pathogenesis that is poorly understood. We identified six families with multiple cases of systemic and cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa, consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. In most cases, onset of the disease occurred during childhood. METHODS We carried out exome sequencing in persons from multiply affected families of Georgian Jewish or German ancestry. We performed targeted sequencing in additional family members and in unrelated affected persons, 3 of Georgian Jewish ancestry and 14 of Turkish ancestry. Mutations were assessed by testing their effect on enzymatic activity in serum specimens from patients, analysis of protein structure, expression in mammalian cells, and biophysical analysis of purified protein. RESULTS In all the families, vasculitis was caused by recessive mutations in CECR1, the gene encoding adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2). All the Georgian Jewish patients were homozygous for a mutation encoding a Gly47Arg substitution, the German patients were compound heterozygous for Arg169Gln and Pro251Leu mutations, and one Turkish patient was compound heterozygous for Gly47Val and Trp264Ser mutations. In the endogamous Georgian Jewish population, the Gly47Arg carrier frequency was 0.102, which is consistent with the high prevalence of disease. The other mutations either were found in only one family member or patient or were extremely rare. ADA2 activity was significantly reduced in serum specimens from patients. Expression in human embryonic kidney 293T cells revealed low amounts of mutant secreted protein. CONCLUSIONS Recessive loss-of-function mutations of ADA2, a growth factor that is the major extracellular adenosine deaminase, can cause polyarteritis nodosa vasculopathy with highly varied clinical expression. (Funded by the Shaare Zedek Medical Center and others.).
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181
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Kohnen R, Bosse B, Hopp M, Winkelmann J, Allen R, Trenkwalder C. No augmentation during opioid treatment in restless legs syndrome – Results from a 1 year long-term trial. Sleep Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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182
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Schulte EC, Stahl I, Czamara D, Ellwanger DC, Eck S, Graf E, Mollenhauer B, Zimprich A, Lichtner P, Haubenberger D, Pirker W, Brücke T, Bereznai B, Molnar MJ, Peters A, Gieger C, Müller-Myhsok B, Trenkwalder C, Winkelmann J. Rare variants in PLXNA4 and Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79145. [PMID: 24244438 PMCID: PMC3823607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20% of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) report a positive family history. Yet, a large portion of causal and disease-modifying variants is still unknown. We used exome sequencing in two affected individuals from a family with late-onset familial PD followed by frequency assessment in 975 PD cases and 1014 ethnically-matched controls and linkage analysis to identify potentially causal variants. Based on the predicted penetrance and the frequencies, a variant in PLXNA4 proved to be the best candidate and PLXNA4 was screened for additional variants in 862 PD cases and 940 controls, revealing an excess of rare non-synonymous coding variants in PLXNA4 in individuals with PD. Although we cannot conclude that the variant in PLXNA4 is indeed the causative variant, these findings are interesting in the light of a surfacing role of axonal guidance mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders but, at the same time, highlight the difficulties encountered in the study of rare variants identified by next-generation sequencing in diseases with autosomal dominant or complex patterns of inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C. Schulte
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, München, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Immanuel Stahl
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, München, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Max-Planck Institut für Psychiatrie, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel C. Ellwanger
- Chair for Genome-Oriented Bioinformatics, Technische Universität München, Life and Food Science Center Weihenstephan, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eck
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus Elena Klinik, Kassel, Germany
- Neurochirurgische Klinik, Georg August Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Peter Lichtner
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Walter Pirker
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Brücke
- Department of Neurology, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Bereznai
- Center for Molecular Neurology, Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria J. Molnar
- Center for Molecular Neurology, Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute for Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute for Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Max-Planck Institut für Psychiatrie, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Paracelsus Elena Klinik, Kassel, Germany
- Neurochirurgische Klinik, Georg August Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, München, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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183
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Beecham AH, Patsopoulos NA, Xifara DK, Davis MF, Kemppinen A, Cotsapas C, Shah TS, Spencer C, Booth D, Goris A, Oturai A, Saarela J, Fontaine B, Hemmer B, Martin C, Zipp F, D'Alfonso S, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Taylor B, Harbo HF, Kockum I, Hillert J, Olsson T, Ban M, Oksenberg JR, Hintzen R, Barcellos LF, Agliardi C, Alfredsson L, Alizadeh M, Anderson C, Andrews R, Søndergaard HB, Baker A, Band G, Baranzini SE, Barizzone N, Barrett J, Bellenguez C, Bergamaschi L, Bernardinelli L, Berthele A, Biberacher V, Binder TMC, Blackburn H, Bomfim IL, Brambilla P, Broadley S, Brochet B, Brundin L, Buck D, Butzkueven H, Caillier SJ, Camu W, Carpentier W, Cavalla P, Celius EG, Coman I, Comi G, Corrado L, Cosemans L, Cournu-Rebeix I, Cree BAC, Cusi D, Damotte V, Defer G, Delgado SR, Deloukas P, di Sapio A, Dilthey AT, Donnelly P, Dubois B, Duddy M, Edkins S, Elovaara I, Esposito F, Evangelou N, Fiddes B, Field J, Franke A, Freeman C, Frohlich IY, Galimberti D, Gieger C, Gourraud PA, Graetz C, Graham A, Grummel V, Guaschino C, Hadjixenofontos A, Hakonarson H, Halfpenny C, Hall G, Hall P, Hamsten A, Harley J, Harrower T, Hawkins C, Hellenthal G, Hillier C, Hobart J, Hoshi M, Hunt SE, Jagodic M, Jelčić I, Jochim A, Kendall B, Kermode A, Kilpatrick T, Koivisto K, Konidari I, Korn T, Kronsbein H, Langford C, Larsson M, Lathrop M, Lebrun-Frenay C, Lechner-Scott J, Lee MH, Leone MA, Leppä V, Liberatore G, Lie BA, Lill CM, Lindén M, Link J, Luessi F, Lycke J, Macciardi F, Männistö S, Manrique CP, Martin R, Martinelli V, Mason D, Mazibrada G, McCabe C, Mero IL, Mescheriakova J, Moutsianas L, Myhr KM, Nagels G, Nicholas R, Nilsson P, Piehl F, Pirinen M, Price SE, Quach H, Reunanen M, Robberecht W, Robertson NP, Rodegher M, Rog D, Salvetti M, Schnetz-Boutaud NC, Sellebjerg F, Selter RC, Schaefer C, Shaunak S, Shen L, Shields S, Siffrin V, Slee M, Sorensen PS, Sorosina M, Sospedra M, Spurkland A, Strange A, Sundqvist E, Thijs V, Thorpe J, Ticca A, Tienari P, van Duijn C, Visser EM, Vucic S, Westerlind H, Wiley JS, Wilkins A, Wilson JF, Winkelmann J, Zajicek J, Zindler E, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Ivinson AJ, Stewart G, Hafler D, Hauser SL, Compston A, McVean G, De Jager P, Sawcer SJ, McCauley JL. Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1353-60. [PMID: 24076602 PMCID: PMC3832895 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 980] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Using the ImmunoChip custom genotyping array, we analyzed 14,498 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 24,091 healthy controls for 161,311 autosomal variants and identified 135 potentially associated regions (P < 1.0 × 10(-4)). In a replication phase, we combined these data with previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from an independent 14,802 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 26,703 healthy controls. In these 80,094 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 48 new susceptibility variants (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)), 3 of which we found after conditioning on previously identified variants. Thus, there are now 110 established multiple sclerosis risk variants at 103 discrete loci outside of the major histocompatibility complex. With high-resolution Bayesian fine mapping, we identified five regions where one variant accounted for more than 50% of the posterior probability of association. This study enhances the catalog of multiple sclerosis risk variants and illustrates the value of fine mapping in the resolution of GWAS signals.
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184
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Zech M, Gross N, Jochim A, Castrop F, Kaffe M, Dresel C, Lichtner P, Peters A, Gieger C, Meitinger T, Haslinger B, Winkelmann J. Rare sequence variants in ANO3 and GNAL in a primary torsion dystonia series and controls. Mov Disord 2013; 29:143-7. [PMID: 24151159 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare autosomal-dominant mutations in ANO3 and GNAL have been recently shown to represent novel genetic factors underlying primary torsion dystonia (PTD) with predominantly craniocervical involvement. METHODS We used high-resolution melting to screen all exons of ANO3 and GNAL for rare sequence variants in a population of 342 German individuals with mainly sporadic PTD and 376 general population controls. RESULTS We identified 2 novel missense variants in ANO3 (p.Ile833Val and p.Gly973Arg) and 1 novel missense variant in GNAL (p.Val146Met) in three different nonfamilial cases. Variant carriers presented with adult-onset dystonia involving the neck and/or face. In controls, 3 rare ANO3 missense variants (p.Tyr235Cys, p.Asn256Ser, and p.Pro893Leu) but no rare nonsynonymous GNAL variants were present. CONCLUSIONS GNAL variants seem to be a rare cause of PTD in our mainly sporadic German sample. Low frequency missense variants in ANO3 occur in both cases and controls, warranting further assessment of this gene in PTD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zech
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institut für Humangenetik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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185
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Trenkwalder C, Benes H, Grote L, Högl B, Winkelmann J, Allen R, Hopp M, Bosse B, Kohnen R. Opioid treatment is effective in patients with severe RLS after failure of previous medications —/INS; Results of a 1-year study. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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186
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Ellinghaus D, Zhang H, Zeissig S, Lipinski S, Till A, Jiang T, Stade B, Bromberg Y, Ellinghaus E, Keller A, Rivas MA, Skieceviciene J, Doncheva NT, Liu X, Liu Q, Jiang F, Forster M, Mayr G, Albrecht M, Häsler R, Boehm BO, Goodall J, Berzuini CR, Lee J, Andersen V, Vogel U, Kupcinskas L, Kayser M, Krawczak M, Nikolaus S, Weersma RK, Ponsioen CY, Sans M, Wijmenga C, Strachan DP, McArdle WL, Vermeire S, Rutgeerts P, Sanderson JD, Mathew CG, Vatn MH, Wang J, Nöthen MM, Duerr RH, Büning C, Brand S, Glas J, Winkelmann J, Illig T, Latiano A, Annese V, Halfvarson J, D’Amato M, Daly MJ, Nothnagel M, Karlsen TH, Subramani S, Rosenstiel P, Schreiber S, Parkes M, Franke A. Association between variants of PRDM1 and NDP52 and Crohn's disease, based on exome sequencing and functional studies. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:339-47. [PMID: 23624108 PMCID: PMC3753067 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 140 Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility loci. For most loci, the variants that cause disease are not known and the genes affected by these variants have not been identified. We aimed to identify variants that cause CD through detailed sequencing, genetic association, expression, and functional studies. METHODS We sequenced whole exomes of 42 unrelated subjects with CD and 5 healthy subjects (controls) and then filtered single nucleotide variants by incorporating association results from meta-analyses of CD GWAS and in silico mutation effect prediction algorithms. We then genotyped 9348 subjects with CD, 2868 subjects with ulcerative colitis, and 14,567 control subjects and associated variants analyzed in functional studies using materials from subjects and controls and in vitro model systems. RESULTS We identified rare missense mutations in PR domain-containing 1 (PRDM1) and associated these with CD. These mutations increased proliferation of T cells and secretion of cytokines on activation and increased expression of the adhesion molecule L-selectin. A common CD risk allele, identified in GWAS, correlated with reduced expression of PRDM1 in ileal biopsy specimens and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (combined P = 1.6 × 10(-8)). We identified an association between CD and a common missense variant, Val248Ala, in nuclear domain 10 protein 52 (NDP52) (P = 4.83 × 10(-9)). We found that this variant impairs the regulatory functions of NDP52 to inhibit nuclear factor κB activation of genes that regulate inflammation and affect the stability of proteins in Toll-like receptor pathways. CONCLUSIONS We have extended the results of GWAS and provide evidence that variants in PRDM1 and NDP52 determine susceptibility to CD. PRDM1 maps adjacent to a CD interval identified in GWAS and encodes a transcription factor expressed by T and B cells. NDP52 is an adaptor protein that functions in selective autophagy of intracellular bacteria and signaling molecules, supporting the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hu Zhang
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Cambridge, UK,Department of Gastroenterology & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simone Lipinski
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Till
- Section of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego & San Diego Center for Systems Biology (SDCSB), La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Björn Stade
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Yana Bromberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New York, USA
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Keller
- Department of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Rivas
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jurgita Skieceviciene
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gabriele Mayr
- Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mario Albrecht
- Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany,Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biometrics and Medical Informatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Häsler
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm and Center of Excellence “Metabolic Disorders” Baden-Württemberg, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jane Goodall
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlo R Berzuini
- Statistical Laboratory, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Lee
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Viborg Regional Hospital, Medical Department, Viborg, Denmark,Aabenraa SHS, Medical Department, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Limas Kupcinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Manfred Kayser
- Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany,PopGen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanna Nikolaus
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Gastroenterology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cyriel Y Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miquel Sans
- Service of Digestive Diseases, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David P Strachan
- Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Wendy L McArdle
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) Laboratory, Department of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Division of Gastroenterology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Rutgeerts
- University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Division of Gastroenterology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeremy D Sanderson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guy’s & St. Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Morten H Vatn
- Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Medical Department, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard H Duerr
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA,University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Human Genetics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carsten Büning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Charité, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Glas
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany,Department of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, LMU, Munich, Germany,Department of Human Genetics, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH), Aachen, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Institute of Human Genetics, MRI, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany,Departement of Neurology, MRI, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany,Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Latiano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (IRCCS-CSS) Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Vito Annese
- Division of Gastroenterology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (IRCCS-CSS) Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) Careggi, Unit of Gastroenterology SOD2, Florence, Italy
| | - Jonas Halfvarson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Örebro University Hospital and School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark J Daly
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Nothnagel
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tom H Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Suresh Subramani
- Section of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego & San Diego Center for Systems Biology (SDCSB), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Miles Parkes
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Gastroenterology Research Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Andre Franke (@mucosa.de), Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Schittenhelmstr. 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany, Tel.: +49-431-597-4138, Fax.: +49-431-597-2196
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Baranzini S, Khankhanian P, Patsopoulos N, Li M, Stankovich J, Cotsapas C, Søndergaard H, Ban M, Barizzone N, Bergamaschi L, Booth D, Buck D, Cavalla P, Celius E, Comabella M, Comi G, Compston A, Cournu-Rebeix I, D’alfonso S, Damotte V, Din L, Dubois B, Elovaara I, Esposito F, Fontaine B, Franke A, Goris A, Gourraud PA, Graetz C, Guerini F, Guillot-Noel L, Hafler D, Hakonarson H, Hall P, Hamsten A, Harbo H, Hemmer B, Hillert J, Kemppinen A, Kockum I, Koivisto K, Larsson M, Lathrop M, Leone M, Lill C, Macciardi F, Martin R, Martinelli V, Martinelli-Boneschi F, McCauley J, Myhr KM, Naldi P, Olsson T, Oturai A, Pericak-Vance M, Perla F, Reunanen M, Saarela J, Saker-Delye S, Salvetti M, Sellebjerg F, Sørensen P, Spurkland A, Stewart G, Taylor B, Tienari P, Winkelmann J, Zipp F, Ivinson A, Haines J, Sawcer S, DeJager P, Hauser S, Oksenberg J. Network-based multiple sclerosis pathway analysis with GWAS data from 15,000 cases and 30,000 controls. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:854-65. [PMID: 23731539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory CNS disease with a substantial genetic component, originally mapped to only the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. In the last 5 years, a total of seven genome-wide association studies and one meta-analysis successfully identified 57 non-HLA susceptibility loci. Here, we merged nominal statistical evidence of association and physical evidence of interaction to conduct a protein-interaction-network-based pathway analysis (PINBPA) on two large genetic MS studies comprising a total of 15,317 cases and 29,529 controls. The distribution of nominally significant loci at the gene level matched the patterns of extended linkage disequilibrium in regions of interest. We found that products of genome-wide significantly associated genes are more likely to interact physically and belong to the same or related pathways. We next searched for subnetworks (modules) of genes (and their encoded proteins) enriched with nominally associated loci within each study and identified those modules in common between the two studies. We demonstrate that these modules are more likely to contain genes with bona fide susceptibility variants and, in addition, identify several high-confidence candidates (including BCL10, CD48, REL, TRAF3, and TEC). PINBPA is a powerful approach to gaining further insights into the biology of associated genes and to prioritizing candidates for subsequent genetic studies of complex traits.
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188
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Liu JZ, Hov JR, Folseraas T, Ellinghaus E, Rushbrook SM, Doncheva NT, Andreassen OA, Weersma RK, Weismüller TJ, Eksteen B, Invernizzi P, Hirschfield GM, Gotthardt DN, Pares A, Ellinghaus D, Shah T, Juran BD, Milkiewicz P, Rust C, Schramm C, Müller T, Srivastava B, Dalekos G, Nöthen MM, Herms S, Winkelmann J, Mitrovic M, Braun F, Ponsioen CY, Croucher PJP, Sterneck M, Teufel A, Mason AL, Saarela J, Leppa V, Dorfman R, Alvaro D, Floreani A, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Rich SS, Thompson WK, Schork AJ, Næss S, Thomsen I, Mayr G, König IR, Hveem K, Cleynen I, Gutierrez-Achury J, Ricaño-Ponce I, van Heel D, Björnsson E, Sandford RN, Durie PR, Melum E, Vatn MH, Silverberg MS, Duerr RH, Padyukov L, Brand S, Sans M, Annese V, Achkar JP, Boberg KM, Marschall HU, Chazouillères O, Bowlus CL, Wijmenga C, Schrumpf E, Vermeire S, Albrecht M, Rioux JD, Alexander G, Bergquist A, Cho J, Schreiber S, Manns MP, Färkkilä M, Dale AM, Chapman RW, Lazaridis KN, Franke A, Anderson CA, Karlsen TH. Dense genotyping of immune-related disease regions identifies nine new risk loci for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Nat Genet 2013; 45:670-5. [PMID: 23603763 PMCID: PMC3667736 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a severe liver disease of unknown etiology leading to fibrotic destruction of the bile ducts and ultimately to the need for liver transplantation. We compared 3,789 PSC cases of European ancestry to 25,079 population controls across 130,422 SNPs genotyped using the Immunochip. We identified 12 genome-wide significant associations outside the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, 9 of which were new, increasing the number of known PSC risk loci to 16. Despite comorbidity with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in 72% of the cases, 6 of the 12 loci showed significantly stronger association with PSC than with IBD, suggesting overlapping yet distinct genetic architectures for these two diseases. We incorporated association statistics from 7 diseases clinically occurring with PSC in the analysis and found suggestive evidence for 33 additional pleiotropic PSC risk loci. Together with network analyses, these findings add to the genetic risk map of PSC and expand on the relationship between PSC and other immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Z. Liu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Johannes Roksund Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Folseraas
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon M. Rushbrook
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Norfolk and Norwich, University Hospitals NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rinse K. Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias J. Weismüller
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Current affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bertus Eksteen
- Snyder Institute of Chronic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Gideon M. Hirschfield
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Liver Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Albert Pares
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tejas Shah
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian D. Juran
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Liver Unit and Liver Research Laboratories, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Christian Rust
- Department of Medicine 2, Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brijesh Srivastava
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Georgios Dalekos
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
- Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mitja Mitrovic
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Felix Braun
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Cyriel Y. Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J. P. Croucher
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Martina Sterneck
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Teufel
- 1st Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrew L. Mason
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Janna Saarela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Leppa
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ruslan Dorfman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annarosa Floreani
- Dept. of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Wesley K. Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J. Schork
- Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sigrid Næss
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingo Thomsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gabriele Mayr
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Inke R. König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kristian Hveem
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Isabelle Cleynen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Javier Gutierrez-Achury
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isis Ricaño-Ponce
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Einar Björnsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Richard N. Sandford
- Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter R. Durie
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Espen Melum
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten H Vatn
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- EpiGen, Campus AHUS, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Mark S. Silverberg
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Group, Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard H. Duerr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Miquel Sans
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vito Annese
- Division of Gastroenterology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Casa Sollievodella Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Unit of Gastroenterology SOD2, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Jean-Paul Achkar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kirsten Muri Boberg
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy and University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Olivier Chazouillères
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Department of Hepatology, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Christopher L. Bowlus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Schrumpf
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Severine Vermeire
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Albrecht
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biometrics and Medical Informatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - John D. Rioux
- Université de Montréal, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Graeme Alexander
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Annika Bergquist
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judy Cho
- Department of Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department for General Internal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
- Popgen Biobank, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael P. Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center-Transplantation (IFB-tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martti Färkkilä
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roger W. Chapman
- Department of Hepatology, John Radcliffe University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Konstantinos N. Lazaridis
- Center for Basic Research in Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carl A. Anderson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom H. Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Division of Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Cancer, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Abstract
Usually symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS) respond well to treatment with dopaminergic drugs, opiates, or anticonvulsant medications. Yet sometimes symptoms can be severe and become refractory, even to high-dose combination therapy. Here we present two cases of familial RLS with rigorous and unusual motor and sensory symptoms in the form of episodes of myoclonic hyperkinesias and painful sensations in addition to more characteristic features of RLS. Stepwise reduction of all RLS-and antidepressant medication down to opiate monotherapy-and subsequent opiate rotation led to an improvement of symptoms. Yet in both cases, reintroduction of low-dose dopaminergic drugs was necessary to achieve satisfactory treatment effect. We have termed this form of RLS refractory to multiple combinations of all classes of commonly used drugs malignant RLS. Therapeutically simplification and reduction of the drug scheme and opiate rotation should be considered in malignant RLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C Schulte
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München, Germany
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190
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Oexle K, Schormair B, Ried JS, Czamara D, Heim K, Frauscher B, Högl B, Trenkwalder C, Martin Fiedler G, Thiery J, Lichtner P, Prokisch H, Specht M, Müller-Myhsok B, Döring A, Gieger C, Peters A, Wichmann HE, Meitinger T, Winkelmann J. Dilution of candidates: the case of iron-related genes in restless legs syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 21:410-4. [PMID: 22929029 PMCID: PMC3598324 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common multifactorial disease. Some genetic risk factors have been identified. RLS susceptibility also has been related to iron. We therefore asked whether known iron-related genes are candidates for association with RLS and, vice versa, whether known RLS-associated loci influence iron parameters in serum. RLS/control samples (n = 954/1814 in the discovery step, 735/736 in replication 1, and 736/735 in replication 2) were tested for association with SNPs located within 4 Mb intervals surrounding each gene from a list of 111 iron-related genes using a discovery threshold of P = 5 × 10(-4). Two population cohorts (KORA F3 and F4 with together n = 3447) were tested for association of six known RLS loci with iron, ferritin, transferrin, transferrin-saturation, and soluble transferrin receptor. Results were negative. None of the candidate SNPs at the iron-related gene loci was confirmed significantly. An intronic SNP, rs2576036, of KATNAL2 at 18q21.1 was significant in the first (P = 0.00085) but not in the second replication step (joint nominal P-value = 0.044). Especially, rs1800652 (C282Y) in the HFE gene did not associate with RLS. Moreover, SNPs at the known RLS loci did not significantly affect serum iron parameters in the KORA cohorts. In conclusion, the correlation between RLS and iron parameters in serum may be weaker than assumed. Moreover, in a general power analysis, we show that genetic effects are diluted if they are transmitted via an intermediate trait to an end-phenotype. Sample size formulas are provided for small effect sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Oexle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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191
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Hopfner F, Schulte EC, Mollenhauer B, Bereznai B, Knauf F, Lichtner P, Zimprich A, Haubenberger D, Pirker W, Brücke T, Peters A, Gieger C, Kuhlenbäumer G, Trenkwalder C, Winkelmann J. The role of SCARB2 as susceptibility factor in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2013; 28:538-40. [PMID: 23408458 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene is strongly associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Transport of glucocerebrosidase to the lysosome involves the protein encoded by the SCARB2 gene. An association between the common SNP rs6812193, upstream of SCARB2, and PD has been reported previously. The role of exonic variants in the SCARB2 gene in PD has not been examined. METHODS We studied the role of exonic variants in SCARB2 and tried to replicate the association between the SNP rs6812193 and PD in a German and Austrian sample. Screening of all SCARB2 exons by high-resolution melting curve analysis was performed in 376 German PD patients. The SNP rs6812193 was analyzed in 984 PD patients and 1014 general population controls. RESULTS We identified no novel exonic variants in SCARB2 but confirmed the association between SNP rs6812193 and PD (OR, 0.86; P=.02).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hopfner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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192
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Faraco J, Lin L, Kornum BR, Kenny EE, Trynka G, Einen M, Rico TJ, Lichtner P, Dauvilliers Y, Arnulf I, Lecendreux M, Javidi S, Geisler P, Mayer G, Pizza F, Poli F, Plazzi G, Overeem S, Lammers GJ, Kemlink D, Sonka K, Nevsimalova S, Rouleau G, Desautels A, Montplaisir J, Frauscher B, Ehrmann L, Högl B, Jennum P, Bourgin P, Peraita-Adrados R, Iranzo A, Bassetti C, Chen WM, Concannon P, Thompson SD, Damotte V, Fontaine B, Breban M, Gieger C, Klopp N, Deloukas P, Wijmenga C, Hallmayer J, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Rich SS, Winkelmann J, Mignot E. ImmunoChip study implicates antigen presentation to T cells in narcolepsy. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003270. [PMID: 23459209 PMCID: PMC3573113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the identification of susceptibility genes and environmental exposures provide broad support for a post-infectious autoimmune basis for narcolepsy/hypocretin (orexin) deficiency. We genotyped loci associated with other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in 1,886 individuals with hypocretin-deficient narcolepsy and 10,421 controls, all of European ancestry, using a custom genotyping array (ImmunoChip). Three loci located outside the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) region on chromosome 6 were significantly associated with disease risk. In addition to a strong signal in the T cell receptor alpha (TRA@), variants in two additional narcolepsy loci, Cathepsin H (CTSH) and Tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4, also called OX40L), attained genome-wide significance. These findings underline the importance of antigen presentation by HLA Class II to T cells in the pathophysiology of this autoimmune disease. While there is now broad consensus that narcolepsy-hypocretin deficiency results from a highly specific autoimmune attack on hypocretin cells, little is understood regarding the initiation and progression of the underlying autoimmune process. We have taken advantage of a unique high-density genotyping platform (the ImmunoChip) designed to study variants in genes known to be important to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Our study of nearly 2000 narcolepsy cases compared to 10,000 controls underscored important roles for HLA DQB1*06:02 and the T cell receptor alpha genes and implicated two additional genes, Cathepsin H and TNFSF4/OX40L, in disease pathogenesis. These findings are particularly important, as these encoded proteins have key roles in antigen processing, presentation, and T cell response, and they suggest that specific interactions at the immunological synapse constitute the pathway to the disease. Further studies of these genes and encoded proteins may therefore reveal the mechanism leading to this highly selective and unique autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Faraco
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Ling Lin
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Birgitte Rahbek Kornum
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eimear E. Kenny
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Gosia Trynka
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mali Einen
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Tom J. Rico
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Network for Orphan Diseases (Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia), Paris, France
- Sleep Unit, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, INSERM-1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- National Reference Network for Orphan Diseases (Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia), Paris, France
- Sleep Disorders Unit, Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Michel Lecendreux
- National Reference Network for Orphan Diseases (Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia), Paris, France
- Centre Pédiatrique des Pathologies du Sommeil, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Sirous Javidi
- Hephata-Klinik, Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Geisler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Geert Mayer
- Hephata-Klinik, Schwalmstadt-Treysa, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Fabio Pizza
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna/IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Poli
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna/IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna/IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Gert Jan Lammers
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Kemlink
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sonka
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Nevsimalova
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Guy Rouleau
- CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Centre of Excellence in Neuromics, Université de Montréal (CENUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alex Desautels
- Neurology Service, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Montplaisir
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura Ehrmann
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Högl
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Poul Jennum
- Center for Sleep Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrice Bourgin
- University Sleep Clinic and CNRS UPR3212, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rosa Peraita-Adrados
- Sleep and Epilepsy Unit-Clinical Neurophysiology Service, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex Iranzo
- Neurology Service and Multisciplinary Sleep Unit, Hospital Clínic, CIBERNED, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Bassetti
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital Universitatsspital, Bern, Swizerland
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Patrick Concannon
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Susan D. Thompson
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vincent Damotte
- Inserm, U975, CRICM, Paris, France
- Pierre Marie Curie University, UMR-S975, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Fontaine
- Inserm, U975, CRICM, Paris, France
- Pierre Marie Curie University, UMR-S975, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Neurology, Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Breban
- Cochin Institute, INSERM U1016/CNRS UMR 8104/Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
- Department of Rheumatology, Ambroise Paré Hospital AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
- Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines (UVSQ), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Norman Klopp
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Hallmayer
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Neurology Clinic, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jostins L, Ripke S, Weersma RK, Duerr RH, McGovern DP, Hui KY, Lee JC, Schumm LP, Sharma Y, Anderson CA, Essers J, Mitrovic M, Ning K, Cleynen I, Theatre E, Spain SL, Raychaudhuri S, Goyette P, Wei Z, Abraham C, Achkar JP, Ahmad T, Amininejad L, Ananthakrishnan AN, Andersen V, Andrews JM, Baidoo L, Balschun T, Bampton PA, Bitton A, Boucher G, Brand S, Büning C, Cohain A, Cichon S, D'Amato M, De Jong D, Devaney KL, Dubinsky M, Edwards C, Ellinghaus D, Ferguson LR, Franchimont D, Fransen K, Gearry R, Georges M, Gieger C, Glas J, Haritunians T, Hart A, Hawkey C, Hedl M, Hu X, Karlsen TH, Kupcinskas L, Kugathasan S, Latiano A, Laukens D, Lawrance IC, Lees CW, Louis E, Mahy G, Mansfield J, Morgan AR, Mowat C, Newman W, Palmieri O, Ponsioen CY, Potocnik U, Prescott NJ, Regueiro M, Rotter JI, Russell RK, Sanderson JD, Sans M, Satsangi J, Schreiber S, Simms LA, Sventoraityte J, Targan SR, Taylor KD, Tremelling M, Verspaget HW, De Vos M, Wijmenga C, Wilson DC, Winkelmann J, Xavier RJ, Zeissig S, Zhang B, Zhang CK, Zhao H, Silverberg MS, Annese V, Hakonarson H, Brant SR, Radford-Smith G, Mathew CG, Rioux JD, Schadt EE, Daly MJ, Franke A, Parkes M, Vermeire S, Barrett JC, Cho JH. Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 2012; 491:119-24. [PMID: 23128233 PMCID: PMC3491803 DOI: 10.1038/nature11582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3324] [Impact Index Per Article: 277.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), affect over 2.5 million people of European ancestry with rising prevalence in other populations1. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and subsequent meta-analyses of CD and UC2,3 as separate phenotypes implicated previously unsuspected mechanisms, such as autophagy4, in pathogenesis and showed that some IBD loci are shared with other inflammatory diseases5. Here we expand knowledge of relevant pathways by undertaking a meta-analysis of CD and UC genome-wide association scans, with validation of significant findings in more than 75,000 cases and controls. We identify 71 new associations, for a total of 163 IBD loci that meet genome-wide significance thresholds. Most loci contribute to both phenotypes, and both directional and balancing selection effects are evident. Many IBD loci are also implicated in other immune-mediated disorders, most notably with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis. We also observe striking overlap between susceptibility loci for IBD and mycobacterial infection. Gene co-expression network analysis emphasizes this relationship, with pathways shared between host responses to mycobacteria and those predisposing to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Jostins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK
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Buck D, Albrecht E, Aslam M, Goris A, Hauenstein N, Jochim A, Cepok S, Grummel V, Dubois B, Berthele A, Lichtner P, Gieger C, Winkelmann J, Hemmer B. Genetic variants in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus are associated with the IgG index in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2012; 73:86-94. [PMID: 23225573 DOI: 10.1002/ana.23749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) synthesis is frequently observed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Whereas the extent of intrathecal IgG synthesis varies largely between patients, it remains rather constant in the individual patient over time. The aim of this study was to identify common genetic variants associated with the IgG index as a marker of intrathecal IgG synthesis in MS. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association study of the IgG index in a discovery series of 229 patients. For confirmation we performed a replication in 2 independent series comprising 256 and 153 patients, respectively. The impact of associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on MS susceptibility was analyzed in an additional 1,854 cases and 5,175 controls. RESULTS Significant association between the IgG index and 5 SNPs was detected in the discovery and confirmed in both replication series reaching combined p values of p = 6.5 × 10(-11) to p = 7.5 × 10(-16) . All identified SNPs are clustered around the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHC) locus on chromosome 14q32.33 and are in linkage disequilibrium (r(2) range, 0.71-0.95). The best associated SNP is located in an intronic region of the immunoglobulin gamma3 heavy chain gene. Additional sequencing identified the GM21* haplotype to be associated with a high IgG index. Further evaluation of the IGHC SNPs revealed no association with susceptibility to MS in our data set. INTERPRETATION The extent of intrathecal IgG in MS is influenced by the IGHC locus. No association with susceptibility to MS was found. Therefore GM haplotypes might affect intrathecal IgG synthesis independently of the underlying disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Buck
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Tsoi LC, Spain SL, Knight J, Ellinghaus E, Stuart PE, Capon F, Ding J, Li Y, Tejasvi T, Gudjonsson JE, Kang HM, Allen MH, McManus R, Novelli G, Samuelsson L, Schalkwijk J, Ståhle M, Burden AD, Smith CH, Cork MJ, Estivill X, Bowcock AM, Krueger GG, Weger W, Worthington J, Tazi-Ahnini R, Nestle FO, Hayday A, Hoffmann P, Winkelmann J, Wijmenga C, Langford C, Edkins S, Andrews R, Blackburn H, Strange A, Band G, Pearson RD, Vukcevic D, Spencer CCA, Deloukas P, Mrowietz U, Schreiber S, Weidinger S, Koks S, Kingo K, Esko T, Metspalu A, Lim HW, Voorhees JJ, Weichenthal M, Wichmann HE, Chandran V, Rosen CF, Rahman P, Gladman DD, Griffiths CEM, Reis A, Kere J, Nair RP, Franke A, Barker JNWN, Abecasis GR, Elder JT, Trembath RC. Identification of 15 new psoriasis susceptibility loci highlights the role of innate immunity. Nat Genet 2012; 44:1341-8. [PMID: 23143594 PMCID: PMC3510312 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 706] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To gain further insight into the genetic architecture of psoriasis, we conducted a meta-analysis of 3 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and 2 independent data sets genotyped on the Immunochip, including 10,588 cases and 22,806 controls. We identified 15 new susceptibility loci, increasing to 36 the number associated with psoriasis in European individuals. We also identified, using conditional analyses, five independent signals within previously known loci. The newly identified loci shared with other autoimmune diseases include candidate genes with roles in regulating T-cell function (such as RUNX3, TAGAP and STAT3). Notably, they included candidate genes whose products are involved in innate host defense, including interferon-mediated antiviral responses (DDX58), macrophage activation (ZC3H12C) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling (CARD14 and CARM1). These results portend a better understanding of shared and distinctive genetic determinants of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders and emphasize the importance of the skin in innate and acquired host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sarah L Spain
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jo Knight
- Neuroscience Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 1R8
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Biomedical Research Centre, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Eva Ellinghaus
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philip E Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Francesca Capon
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Trilokraj Tejasvi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Hyun M Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael H Allen
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ross McManus
- Department of Clinical Medicine Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- National Agency for Evaluation of Universities and Research Institutes (ANVUR)
- Research Center San Pietro Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lena Samuelsson
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mona Ståhle
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Catherine H Smith
- St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J Cork
- Academic Unit of Dermatology Research, Department of Infection and Immunity, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Genes and Disease Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) and UPF, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (CRG) and Public Health and Epidemiology Network Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anne M Bowcock
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Wolfgang Weger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jane Worthington
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachid Tazi-Ahnini
- Academic Unit of Dermatology Research, Department of Infection and Immunity, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Frank O Nestle
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Adrian Hayday
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease; King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 54127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 54127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Genetics Department, University Medical Center and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sarah Edkins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Amy Strange
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Gavin Band
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Richard D Pearson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Damjan Vukcevic
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Chris CA Spencer
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | | | - Ulrich Mrowietz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- PopGen biobank, University Hospital S.-H., Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephan Weidinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sulev Koks
- Department of Physiology, Centre of Translational Medicine and Centre for Translational Genomics, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Tartu, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tonu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Henry W Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - John J Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Weichenthal
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - H. Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Klinikum Grosshadern, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Vinod Chandran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Cheryl F Rosen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8
| | - Proton Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1C 5B8, Canada
| | - Dafna D Gladman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Christopher EM Griffiths
- Dermatological Sciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Andre Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | - Rajan P Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonathan NWN Barker
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Richard C Trembath
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Schulte EC, Claussen MC, Jochim A, Haack T, Hartig M, Hempel M, Prokisch H, Haun-Jünger U, Winkelmann J, Hemmer B, Förschler A, Ilg R. Mitochondrial membrane protein associated neurodegenration: A novel variant of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Mov Disord 2012; 28:224-7. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.25256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva C. Schulte
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik; Klinikum recht der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Malte C. Claussen
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Angela Jochim
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Tobias Haack
- Institut für Humangenetik; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik; Klinikum recht der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Monika Hartig
- Institut für Humangenetik; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik; Klinikum recht der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Maja Hempel
- Institut für Humangenetik; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik; Klinikum recht der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institut für Humangenetik; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik; Klinikum recht der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | | | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Munich Germany
- Institut für Humangenetik; Klinikum recht der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Annette Förschler
- Abteilung für Neuroradiologie; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Rüdiger Ilg
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
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Ried JS, Döring A, Oexle K, Meisinger C, Winkelmann J, Klopp N, Meitinger T, Peters A, Suhre K, Wichmann HE, Gieger C. PSEA: Phenotype Set Enrichment Analysis--a new method for analysis of multiple phenotypes. Genet Epidemiol 2012; 36:244-52. [PMID: 22714936 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are restricted to one phenotype, even if multiple related or unrelated phenotypes are available. However, an integrated analysis of multiple phenotypes can provide insight into their shared genetic basis and may improve the power of association studies. We present a new method, called "phenotype set enrichment analysis" (PSEA), which uses ideas of gene set enrichment analysis for the investigation of phenotype sets. PSEA combines statistics of univariate phenotype analyses and tests by permutation. It does not only allow analyzing predefined phenotype sets, but also to identify new phenotype sets. Apart from the application to situations where phenotypes and genotypes are available for each person, the method was adjusted to the analysis of GWAS summary statistics. PSEA was applied to data from the population-based cohort KORA F4 (N = 1,814) using iron-related and blood count traits. By confirming associations previously found in large meta-analyses on these traits, PSEA was shown to be a reliable tool. Many of these associations were not detectable by GWAS on single phenotypes in KORA F4. Therefore, the results suggest that PSEA can be more powerful than a single phenotype GWAS for the identification of association with multiple phenotypes. PSEA is a valuable method for analysis of multiple phenotypes, which can help to understand phenotype networks. Its flexible design enables both the use of prior knowledge and the generation of new knowledge on connection of multiple phenotypes. A software program for PSEA based on GWAS results is available upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina S Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstadter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg, Germany
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198
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Arnold M, Hartsperger ML, Baurecht H, Rodríguez E, Wachinger B, Franke A, Kabesch M, Winkelmann J, Pfeufer A, Romanos M, Illig T, Mewes HW, Stümpflen V, Weidinger S. Network-based SNP meta-analysis identifies joint and disjoint genetic features across common human diseases. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:490. [PMID: 22988944 PMCID: PMC3782362 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have provided a large set of genetic loci influencing the risk for many common diseases. Association studies typically analyze one specific trait in single populations in an isolated fashion without taking into account the potential phenotypic and genetic correlation between traits. However, GWA data can be efficiently used to identify overlapping loci with analogous or contrasting effects on different diseases. RESULTS Here, we describe a new approach to systematically prioritize and interpret available GWA data. We focus on the analysis of joint and disjoint genetic determinants across diseases. Using network analysis, we show that variant-based approaches are superior to locus-based analyses. In addition, we provide a prioritization of disease loci based on network properties and discuss the roles of hub loci across several diseases. We demonstrate that, in general, agonistic associations appear to reflect current disease classifications, and present the potential use of effect sizes in refining and revising these agonistic signals. We further identify potential branching points in disease etiologies based on antagonistic variants and describe plausible small-scale models of the underlying molecular switches. CONCLUSIONS The observation that a surprisingly high fraction (>15%) of the SNPs considered in our study are associated both agonistically and antagonistically with related as well as unrelated disorders indicates that the molecular mechanisms influencing causes and progress of human diseases are in part interrelated. Genetic overlaps between two diseases also suggest the importance of the affected entities in the specific pathogenic pathways and should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Arnold
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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199
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Knier B, Boeckh-Behrens T, Murgan I, Wörtler K, Hemmer B, Winkelmann J. [Crowned dens syndrome: a rare differential diagnosis of acute neck pain]. Nervenarzt 2012; 83:1308-11. [PMID: 22843028 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-012-3599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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200
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Buck D, Albrecht E, Aslam M, Hauenstein N, Jochim A, Cepok S, Grummel V, Berthele A, Lichtner P, Gieger C, Winkelmann J, Hemmer B. Genetic Determinants of IgG Synthesis in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (S20.006). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s20.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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