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Kuroda S, Tam J, Roth JA, Sokolov K, Ramesh R. EGFR-targeted plasmonic magnetic nanoparticles suppress lung tumor growth by abrogating G2/M cell-cycle arrest and inducing DNA damage. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:3825-39. [PMID: 25143731 PMCID: PMC4134185 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s65990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously demonstrated the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted hybrid plasmonic magnetic nanoparticles (225-NP) produce a therapeutic effect in human lung cancer cell lines in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of 225-NP-mediated antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo using the EGFR-mutant HCC827 cell line. Methods The growth inhibitory effect of 225-NP on lung tumor cells was determined by cell viability and cell-cycle analysis. Protein expression related to autophagy, apoptosis, and DNA-damage were determined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. An in vivo efficacy study was conducted using a human lung tumor xenograft mouse model. Results The 225-NP treatment markedly reduced tumor cell viability at 72 hours compared with the cell viability in control treatment groups. Cell-cycle analysis showed the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase was reduced when treated with 225-NP, with a concomitant increase in the number of cells in Sub-G1 phase, indicative of cell death. Western blotting showed LC3B and PARP cleavage, indicating 225-NP-treatment activated both autophagy- and apoptosis-mediated cell death. The 225-NP strongly induced γH2AX and phosphorylated histone H3, markers indicative of DNA damage and mitosis, respectively. Additionally, significant γH2AX foci formation was observed in 225-NP-treated cells compared with control treatment groups, suggesting 225-NP induced cell death by triggering DNA damage. The 225-NP-mediated DNA damage involved abrogation of the G2/M checkpoint by inhibiting BRCA1, Chk1, and phospho-Cdc2/CDK1 protein expression. In vivo therapy studies showed 225-NP treatment reduced EGFR phosphorylation, increased γH2AX foci, and induced tumor cell apoptosis, resulting in suppression of tumor growth. Conclusion The 225-NP treatment induces DNA damage and abrogates G2/M phase of the cell cycle, leading to cellular apoptosis and suppression of lung tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide a rationale for combining 225-NP with other DNA-damaging agents for achieving enhanced anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kuroda
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justina Tam
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Konstantin Sokolov
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA ; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA ; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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152
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Singh S, Haraldsen JT, Xiong J, Choi EM, Lu P, Yi D, Wen XD, Liu J, Wang H, Bi Z, Yu P, Fitzsimmons MR, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Ramesh R, Balatsky AV, Zhu JX, Jia QX. Induced magnetization in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/BiFeO3 superlattices. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:047204. [PMID: 25105651 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.047204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using polarized neutron reflectometry, we observe an induced magnetization of 75 ± 25 kA/m at 10 K in a La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3) (LSMO)/BiFeO(3) superlattice extending from the interface through several atomic layers of the BiFeO(3) (BFO). The induced magnetization in BFO is explained by density functional theory, where the size of band gap of BFO plays an important role. Considering a classical exchange field between the LSMO and BFO layers, we further show that magnetization is expected to extend throughout the BFO, which provides a theoretical explanation for the results of the neutron scattering experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Singh
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA and Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - J T Haraldsen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - J Xiong
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA and State Key Lab of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - E M Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Lu
- Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - D Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - X-D Wen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Z Bi
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M R Fitzsimmons
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A V Balatsky
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Jian-Xin Zhu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Q X Jia
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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153
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Abstract
Ionizing radiation, like a variety of other cellular stress factors, can activate or down-regulate multiple signaling pathways, leading to either increased cell death or increased cell proliferation. Modulation of the signaling process, however, depends on the cell type, radiation dose, and culture conditions. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway transduces signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus in response to a variety of different stimuli and participates in various intracellular signaling pathways that control a wide spectrum of cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, and stress responses, and is known to have a key role in cancer progression. Multiple signal transduction pathways stimulated by ionizing radiation are mediated by the MAPK superfamily including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK. The ERK pathway, activated by mitogenic stimuli such as growth factors, cytokines, and phorbol esters, plays a major role in regulating cell growth, survival, and differentiation. In contrast, JNK and p38 MAPK are weakly activated by growth factors but respond strongly to stress signals including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1, ionizing and ultraviolet radiation, hyperosmotic stress, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Activation of JNK and p38 MAPK by stress stimuli is strongly associated with apoptotic cell death. MAPK signaling is also known to potentially influence tumor cell radiosensitivity because of their activity associated with radiation-induced DNA damage response. This review will discuss the MAPK signaling pathways and their roles in cellular radiation responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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154
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Babu A, Wang Q, Muralidharan R, Shanker M, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Chitosan coated polylactic acid nanoparticle-mediated combinatorial delivery of cisplatin and siRNA/Plasmid DNA chemosensitizes cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2720-33. [PMID: 24922589 DOI: 10.1021/mp500259e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of resistance toward anticancer drugs results in ineffective therapy leading to increased mortality. Therefore, overriding resistance and restoring sensitivity to anticancer drugs will improve treatment efficacy and reduce mortality. While numerous mechanisms for drug resistance in cancer have previously been demonstrated, recent studies implicate a role for proteasome and the autophagy regulatory protein P62/SQSTM1 (P62) in contributing to drug resistance. Specifically, reduction in the expression of the β5 subunit of the proteasome and/or enhanced P62 protein expression is known to contribute to cancer drug resistance such as cisplatin (CDDP) in ovarian cancer cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that restoration of β5 expression and/or suppression of P62 protein expression in CDDP-resistant ovarian cancer cells will lead to restoration of sensitivity to CDDP and enhanced cell killing. To test our hypothesis we developed a biodegradable multifunctional nanoparticle (MNP) system that codelivered P62siRNA, β5 plasmid DNA, and CDDP and tested its efficacy in CDDP resistant 2008/C13 ovarian cancer cells. MNP consisted of CDDP loaded polylactic acid nanoparticle as inner core and cationic chitosan (CS) consisting of ionically linked P62siRNA (siP62) and/or β5 expressing plasmid DNA (pβ5) as the outer layer. The MNPs were spherical in shape with a hydrodynamic diameter in the range of 280-350 nm, and demonstrated encapsulation efficiencies of 82% and 78.5% for CDDP and siRNA respectively. MNPs efficiently protected the siRNA and showed superior serum stability compared to naked siRNA as measured by gel retardation and spectrophotometry assays. The MNPs successfully delivered siP62 and pβ5 to cause P62 knockdown and restoration of β5 expression in 2008/C13 cells. Combined delivery of siP62, pβ5, and CDDP using the MNPs resulted in a marked reduction in the IC50 value of CDDP in 2008/C13 cells from 125 ± 1.3 μM to 98 ± 0.6 μM (P < 0.05; 21.6% reduction) when compared to the reduction in the IC50 of CDDP observed in cells that had only siP62 delivered (IC50 = 106 ± 1.1 μM; P < 0.05; 15.2% reduction) or pβ5 delivered (IC50 = 115 ± 2.8 μM; 8% reduction) via MNPs. Finally, our studies showed that the CDDP resistance index in 2008/C13 cells was reduced from 4.62 for free CDDP to 3.62 for MNP treatment. In conclusion our study results demonstrated the efficacy of our MNP in overcoming CDDP resistance in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Babu
- Department of Pathology and ‡Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
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155
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Babu A, Templeton AK, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Nanodrug delivery systems: a promising technology for detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:709-21. [PMID: 24550101 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has enabled the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies, such as advances in targeted drug delivery systems, versatile molecular imaging modalities, stimulus responsive components for fabrication, and potential theranostic agents in cancer therapy. Nanoparticle modifications such as conjugation with polyethylene glycol have been used to increase the duration of nanoparticles in blood circulation and reduce renal clearance rates. Such modifications to nanoparticle fabrication are the initial steps toward clinical translation of nanoparticles. Additionally, the development of targeted drug delivery systems has substantially contributed to the therapeutic efficacy of anti-cancer drugs and cancer gene therapies compared with nontargeted conventional delivery systems. Although multifunctional nanoparticles offer numerous advantages, their complex nature imparts challenges in reproducibility and concerns of toxicity. A thorough understanding of the biological behavior of nanoparticle systems is strongly warranted prior to testing such systems in a clinical setting. Translation of novel nanodrug delivery systems from the bench to the bedside will require a collective approach. The present review focuses on recent research efforts citing relevant examples of advanced nanodrug delivery and imaging systems developed for cancer therapy. Additionally, this review highlights the newest technologies such as microfluidics and biomimetics that can aid in the development and speedy translation of nanodrug delivery systems to the clinic.
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156
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Niranjan G, Anitha D, Srinivasan AR, Velu VK, Venkatesh C, Babu MS, Ramesh R, Saha S. Association of inflammatory sialoproteins, lipid peroxides and serum magnesium levels with cardiometabolic risk factors in obese children of South Indian population. Int J Biomed Sci 2014; 10:118-23. [PMID: 25018680 PMCID: PMC4092079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Incidence of childhood obesity and metabolic syndrome is increasing even in rural and semi-urban regions of India. Adipose tissue mass secretes several inflammatory proteins, which could potentially alter the metabolic processes, leading to several complications at the later stages of life. With limited studies on protein bound sialic acid (PBSA) as a marker of oxidative stress mediated inflammation in obese children, this study was aimed to assess and correlate PBSA with lipid peroxidation and other cardiometabolic risk factors like Insulin Resistance (IR), serum magnesium, and high sensitive C reactive Protein (hsCRP) levels in order to provide an insight into the degree of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. This study included 62 obese children (≥95% percentile of the CDC chart) and 60 non obese controls. This study documents significant higher levels of PBSA, IR, Malondialdehyde (MDA), hsCRP and uric acid in obese children (p<0.001). PBSA was associated with IR, hsCRP, uric acid, hypomagnesaemia. Higher degrees of oxidative stress, Insulin resistance and low serum magnesium levels were noted in obese children. PBSA and hsCRP levels were elevated and were associated with Insulin resistance in obese children of South Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Niranjan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth [SBV], Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry-607402, India
| | - D. Anitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth [SBV], Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry-607402, India
| | - A. R. Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth [SBV], Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry-607402, India
| | - V. Kuzhandai Velu
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth [SBV], Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry-607402, India
| | - C. Venkatesh
- Department of Pediatrics, JIPMER, Puducherry-605006, India
| | - M. Sathish Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth [SBV], Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry-607402, India
| | - R. Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth [SBV], Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry-607402, India
| | - S. Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth [SBV], Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry-607402, India
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157
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Sathiya R, Velu VK, Niranjan G, Srinivasan AR, Amirtha GB, Ramesh R, Babu MS, Saha S. A Comparative Study of Serum Uric Acid levels and Lipid Ratios in Coronary Artery Disease Patients. Int J Biomed Sci 2014; 10:124-8. [PMID: 25018681 PMCID: PMC4092080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) appears to be common in the Indian population of different geographical origins, religions and languages. Measurement of lipid fractions and ratios are widely recommended for risk assessment. A few studies have shown that serum uric acid plays a role in the development of cardiovascular morbidity. Very few reports are cited linking serum uric acid with the lipid fraction in CAD. OBJECTIVES To find the significance of non-HDL cholesterol, LDL-c/HDL-c ratio, TC/HDL ratio and serum uric acid level in CAD patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODOLOGY In this study, we included fifty CAD patients as subjects and an equal number of controls. Both subjects and controls were assessed for anthropometric, physiological and biochemical parameters. RESULTS The present study showed significant increased levels of total cholesterol (p=0.002), TAGs (p<0.001), HDL (p=0.005), LDL (p<0.006) and non-HDL cholesterol (p<0.001). LDL-c/HDL-c ratio (p<0.001) and TC/HDL ratio (p<0.001) in CAD patients (subjects) were also significant when compared to controls. Uric acid level in CAD patients was increased (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Serum Uric Acid, TC/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios could be regarded as objective markers, in association with existing atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Sathiya
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (SBV), Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India
| | - V. Kuzhandai Velu
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (SBV), Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India
| | - G. Niranjan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (SBV), Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India
| | - A. R. Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (SBV), Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India
| | - Ganesh B. Amirtha
- Department of Cardiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (SBV), Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India
| | - R. Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (SBV), Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India
| | - M. Sathish Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (SBV), Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India
| | - Subiman Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (SBV), Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India
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158
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Templeton AK, Miyamoto S, Babu A, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Cancer stem cells: progress and challenges in lung cancer. Stem Cell Investig 2014; 1:9. [PMID: 27358855 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2014.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The identification of a subpopulation of tumor cells with stem cell-like characteristics first in hematological malignancies and later in solid tumors has emerged into a novel field of cancer research. It has been proposed that this aberrant population of cells now called "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) drives tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. CSCs have been shown to have the capacity of self-renewal and multipotency. Adopting strategies from the field of stem cell research has aided in identification, localization, and targeting of CSCs in many tumors. Despite the huge progress in other solid tumors such as brain, breast, and colon cancers no substantial advancements have been made in lung cancer. This is most likely due to the current rudimentary understanding of lung stem cell hierarchy and heterogeneous nature of lung disease. In this review, we will discuss the most recent findings related to identification of normal lung stem cells and CSCs, pathways involved in regulating the development of CSCs, and the importance of the stem cell niche in development and maintenance of CSCs. Additionally, we will examine the development and feasibility of novel CSC-targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at eradicating lung CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Templeton
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Shinya Miyamoto
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anish Babu
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- 1 Department of Pathology, 2 Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, 3 Department of Radiation Oncology, 4 Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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159
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Marti X, Fina I, Frontera C, Liu J, Wadley P, He Q, Paull RJ, Clarkson JD, Kudrnovský J, Turek I, Kuneš J, Yi D, Chu JH, Nelson CT, You L, Arenholz E, Salahuddin S, Fontcuberta J, Jungwirth T, Ramesh R. Room-temperature antiferromagnetic memory resistor. Nat Mater 2014; 13:367-374. [PMID: 24464243 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The bistability of ordered spin states in ferromagnets provides the basis for magnetic memory functionality. The latest generation of magnetic random access memories rely on an efficient approach in which magnetic fields are replaced by electrical means for writing and reading the information in ferromagnets. This concept may eventually reduce the sensitivity of ferromagnets to magnetic field perturbations to being a weakness for data retention and the ferromagnetic stray fields to an obstacle for high-density memory integration. Here we report a room-temperature bistable antiferromagnetic (AFM) memory that produces negligible stray fields and is insensitive to strong magnetic fields. We use a resistor made of a FeRh AFM, which orders ferromagnetically roughly 100 K above room temperature, and therefore allows us to set different collective directions for the Fe moments by applied magnetic field. On cooling to room temperature, AFM order sets in with the direction of the AFM moments predetermined by the field and moment direction in the high-temperature ferromagnetic state. For electrical reading, we use an AFM analogue of the anisotropic magnetoresistance. Our microscopic theory modelling confirms that this archetypical spintronic effect, discovered more than 150 years ago in ferromagnets, is also present in AFMs. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating room-temperature spintronic memories with AFMs, which in turn expands the base of available magnetic materials for devices with properties that cannot be achieved with ferromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Marti
- 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 12116 Praha 2, Czech Republic [3] Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 53 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - I Fina
- 1] Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra E-08193, Spain [2] Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle D-06120, Germany
| | - C Frontera
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
| | - Jian Liu
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Wadley
- 1] Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 53 Praha 6, Czech Republic [2] School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Q He
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R J Paull
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J D Clarkson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Kudrnovský
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - I Turek
- 1] Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 12116 Praha 2, Czech Republic [2] Institute of Physics of Materials ASCR, v.v.i., Zizkova 22, Brno 616 62, Czech Republic
| | - J Kuneš
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 53 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - D Yi
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J-H Chu
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C T Nelson
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L You
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E Arenholz
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Salahuddin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Fontcuberta
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
| | - T Jungwirth
- 1] Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 53 Praha 6, Czech Republic [2] School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - R Ramesh
- 1] Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA [2] Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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160
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Abstract
Since the re-emergence of multi-ferroics and magnetoelectrics almost a decade ago, bismuth ferrite has been among the most heavily studied model system. It is a multi-ferroic with robust ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism, in conjunction with weak ferromagnetism arising primarily from spin-orbit coupling effects. This material system has generated a significant amount of discussion in the community, because many of the physical properties measured in thin films are different from the bulk. This paper summarizes some of the key observations in this versatile materials system, with a particular focus on thin films, heterostructures and interfacial phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ramesh
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Physics, University of California, , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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161
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Kanchana Devi A, Ramesh R. Synthesis, spectral and electrochemical studies of binuclear Ru(III) complexes containing dithiosemicarbazone ligand. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 117:138-143. [PMID: 23988528 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of several new octahedral binuclear ruthenium(III) complexes of the general composition [(EPh3)2(X)Ru-L-Ru(X)(EPh3)2] containing benzene dithiosemicarbazone ligands (where E=P or As; X=Cl or Br; L=binucleating ligands) is presented. All the complexes have been fully characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis and EPR spectroscopy together with magnetic susceptibility measurements. IR study shows that the dithiosemicarbazone ligands behave as dianionic tridentate ligands coordinating through the oxygen atom of the deprotonated phenolic group, nitrogen atom of the azomethine group and thiolate sulphur. In DMF solution, all the complexes exhibit intense d-d transition and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transition in the visible region. The magnetic moment values of the complexes are in the range 1.78-1.82 BM, which reveals the presence of one unpaired electron on each metal ion. The EPR spectra of the liquid samples at LNT show the presence of three different 'g' values (gx≠gy≠gz) indicate a rhombic distortion around the ruthenium ion. All the complexes exhibit two quasi-reversible one electron oxidation responses (Ru(III)-Ru(III)/Ru(III)-Ru(IV); Ru(III)-Ru(IV)/Ru(IV)-Ru(IV)) within the E1/2 range of 0.61-0.74 V and 0.93-0.98 V respectively, versus Ag/AgCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kanchana Devi
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
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162
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Hariharan G, Purvaja R, Ramesh R. Toxic effects of lead on biochemical and histological alterations in green mussel (Perna viridis) induced by environmentally relevant concentrations. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2014; 77:246-260. [PMID: 24588225 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2013.861777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute and chronic toxicity tests were conducted on green mussel (Perna viridis) to determine the adverse effects of lead (Pb). Exposure of organisms to acute toxicity test for 96 h and lethal concentration (LC(50)) was the endpoint of the test. Acute toxicity for 96-h LC(50) and 95% confidence intervals of P. viridis was 2.62 ± 0.12 (2.62-3.24) mg/L Pb. Chronic toxicity tests revealed that survival of exposed organisms decreased with elevated exposure concentrations. No-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) were calculated based on survival of test organisms. Results of this study demonstrated an increase in toxicity in test organisms with rise in exposure time and concentration. In this study, histology and biochemical enzymes, namely, catalase, reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, and lipid peroxides, were correlated with chronic value and survival endpoints of P. viridis after chronic exposure to Pb. Biochemical and histological responses to different concentrations of Pb were assessed and significant differences were observed between control and increasing exposure concentrations. Biomarker studies in internal organs confirmed that the observed changes are due to adverse effects of Pb. This assessment of toxicity was the first step to determining the seawater quality criteria for marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hariharan
- a Institute for Ocean Management , Anna University Chennai , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India
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163
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Murugan R, Ramesh R, Padmanabhan K. Investigation on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Based Woven Fabric Glass/Carbon Hybrid Composite Laminates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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164
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Jyothirmai S, Ramesh R, Swarnalatha T, Renuka D. A Finite Element Approach to Bending, Contact and Fatigue Stress Distribution in Helical Gear Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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165
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Ramesh R, Loganathan R, Menon SS, Baskar K, Singh S. Controlled nucleation and growth of nanostructures by employing surface modified GaN based layers/heterostructures as bottom layer. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45250f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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166
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Yaraghi N, Du AY, Sharman R, Gopal RD, Ramesh R, Singh R, Singh G. Professional and geographical network effects on healthcare information exchange growth: does proximity really matter? J Am Med Inform Assoc 2013; 21:671-8. [PMID: 24287171 DOI: 10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE We postulate that professional proximity due to common patients and geographical proximity among practice locations are significant factors influencing the adoption of health information exchange (HIE) services by healthcare providers. The objective of this study is to investigate the direct and indirect network effects of these drivers on HIE diffusion. DESIGN Multi-dimensional scaling and clustering are first used to create different clusters of physicians based on their professional and geographical proximities. Extending the Bass diffusion model to capture direct and indirect network effects among groups, the growth of HIE among these clusters is modeled and studied. The network effects among the clusters are investigated using adoption data over a 3-year period for an HIE based in Western New York. MEASUREMENT HIE adoption parameters-external sources of influence as well as direct and indirect network coefficients-are estimated by the extended version of the Bass diffusion model. RESULTS Direct network effects caused by common patients among physicians are much more influential on HIE adoption as compared with previously investigated social contagion and external factors. Professional proximity due to common patients does influence adoption decisions; geographical proximity is also influential, but its effect is more on rural than urban physicians. CONCLUSIONS Flow of patients among different groups of physicians is a powerful factor in HIE adoption. Rather than merely following the market trend, physicians appear to be influenced by other physicians with whom they interact with and have common patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niam Yaraghi
- Department of Management Science and Systems, School of Management, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Anna Ye Du
- Department of Management Science and Systems, School of Management, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Raj Sharman
- Department of Management Science and Systems, School of Management, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Ram D Gopal
- Department of Management Science and Systems, School of Management, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - R Ramesh
- School of Business, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Ranjit Singh
- Department of Family Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA UB Patient Safety Research Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Gurdev Singh
- Department of Family Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA UB Patient Safety Research Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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167
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Neves LFF, Krais JJ, Van Rite BD, Ramesh R, Resasco DE, Harrison RG. Targeting single-walled carbon nanotubes for the treatment of breast cancer using photothermal therapy. Nanotechnology 2013; 24:375104. [PMID: 23975064 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/37/375104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the targeting of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) for the treatment of breast cancer with minimal side effects using photothermal therapy. The human protein annexin V (AV) binds specifically to anionic phospholipids expressed externally on the surface of tumour cells and endothelial cells that line the tumour vasculature. A 2 h incubation of the SWNT-AV conjugate with proliferating endothelial cells followed by washing and near-infrared (NIR) irradiation at a wavelength of 980 nm was enough to induce significant cell death; there was no significant cell death with irradiation or the conjugate alone. Administration of the same conjugate i.v. in BALB/c female mice with implanted 4T1 murine mammary at a dose of 0.8 mg SWNT kg(-1) and followed one day later by NIR irradiation of the tumour at a wavelength of 980 nm led to complete disappearance of implanted 4T1 mouse mammary tumours for the majority of the animals by 11 days since the irradiation. The combination of the photothermal therapy with the immunoadjuvant cyclophosphamide resulted in increased survival. The in vivo results suggest the SWNT-AV/NIR treatment is a promising approach to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís F F Neves
- Bioengineering Center, University of Oklahoma, 202 W. Boyd, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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168
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Yi D, Liu J, Okamoto S, Jagannatha S, Chen YC, Yu P, Chu YH, Arenholz E, Ramesh R. Tuning the competition between ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism in a half-doped manganite through magnetoelectric coupling. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:127601. [PMID: 24093300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.127601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the possibility of controlling the magnetic phase transition of the heterointerface between a half-doped manganite La(0.5)Ca(0.5)MnO(3) and a multiferroic BiFeO(3) (BFO) through magnetoelectric coupling. Using macroscopic magnetometry and element-selective x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Mn and Fe L edges, we discover that the ferroelectric polarization of BFO controls simultaneously the magnetization of BFO and La(0.5)Ca(0.5)MnO(3) (LCMO). X-ray absorption spectra at the oxygen K edge and linear dichroism at the Mn L edge suggest that the interfacial coupling is mainly derived from the superexchange between Mn and Fe t(2g) spins. The combination of x-ray absorption spectroscopy and mean-field theory calculations reveals that the d-electron modulation of Mn cations changes the magnetic coupling in LCMO, which controls the enhanced canted moments of interfacial BFO via the interfacial coupling. Our results demonstrate that the competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic instability can be modulated by an electric field at the heterointerface, providing another pathway for the electrical field control of magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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169
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Huijben M, Yu P, Martin LW, Molegraaf HJA, Chu YH, Holcomb MB, Balke N, Rijnders G, Ramesh R. Ultrathin limit of exchange bias coupling at oxide multiferroic/ferromagnetic interfaces. Adv Mater 2013; 25:4739-4745. [PMID: 23847010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Exchange bias coupling at the multiferroic- ferromagnetic interface in BiFeO₃ /La₀.₇ Sr₀.₃ MnO₃ heterostructures exhibits a critical thickness for ultrathin BiFeO₃ layers of 5 unit cells (2 nm). Linear dichroism measurements demonstrate the dependence on the BiFeO₃ layer thickness with a strong reduction for ultrathin layers, indicating diminished antiferromagnetic ordering that prevents interfacial exchange bias coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Huijben
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. BOX 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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170
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Munshi A, Mehta M, Yuan Y, Liu H, Meyn RE, Ramesh R. Abstract 290: EMT and cancer stem cells: role in radiation resistance of breast cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a key developmental program that is often activated during cancer invasion and metastasis. During EMT, epithelial cells lose epithelial characteristics, such as E-cadherin expression and gain mesenchymal properties, such as vimentin expression. EMT cells have stem cells properties and possess the characteristics of cell motility, invasiveness and chemotherapy resistance and these cancer stem cells may be responsible for mediating tumor metastasis and resistance to cancer treatments. However, very little is known about the role of EMT and cancer stem cells in modulating radiation response of human breast cancer cells. We compared expression levels of E-cadherin and other EMT related markers in ER-a negative (MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t) and ER-a positive (MCF-7) human breast cancer cells. Clonogenic cell survival assays showed that the cell lines expressing estrogen receptor (MCF-7) were more sensitive to increasing doses of radiation and had high expression of E-cadherin. In contrast, ER negative cells (MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t) had no detectable expression of E-cadherin and were more radioresistant. We transfected MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t cells with a CDH1-expression vector and isolated stable clones. These clones were selected and tested for radiosensitivity. MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t cells transfected with a control vector (pCMV) served as controls. Restoring E-cadherin expression radiosensitized the cells compared to the control vector cell line, suggesting that restoration of E-cadherin expression in mesenchymal-like cells produces a radiosensitizing effect. Our preliminary data demonstrates that EMT, detected as the loss of E-cadherin expression, may regulate tumor cell radiosensitivity, i.e. cells that have undergone EMT are relatively radioresistant compared to the lines that have retained the epithelial phenotype, which are relatively radiosensitive. Thus, there was a general correlation between EMT, based on loss of E-cadherin expression, and radioresistance. Overall, our results suggest that E-cadherin interacts with radiation and enhances the radioresponse of human breast cancer cells. Since it has been demonstrated that the process of EMT contributes to drug resistance and results in cells with CSC-like characteristics, we compared ALDH1 expression in ER positive (MCF-7) and ER negative (MDA-MB-231 and Hs578t) cell lines. Our data shows that ALDH1 expression correlates with the ER status of the breast cancer cells, with a higher number of ALDH1+ cells in ER negative compared to ER positive cell lines. Our preliminary investigation leads us to believe that potentially resistant breast cancer stem cell populations appear to be overrepresented in ER negative breast cancer cell lines. Our observation concurs with clinical data that ER negative cancers are resistant to radiation therapy compared to ER positive breast cancers.
Citation Format: Anupama Munshi, Meghna Mehta, Yuhui Yuan, Huifeng Liu, Raymond E. Meyn, Rajagopal Ramesh. EMT and cancer stem cells: role in radiation resistance of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 290. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-290
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Munshi
- 1University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Meghna Mehta
- 1University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Yuhui Yuan
- 2The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Huifeng Liu
- 2The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Raymond E. Meyn
- 2The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- 1University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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171
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Lubk A, Rossell MD, Seidel J, Chu YH, Ramesh R, Hÿtch MJ, Snoeck E. Electromechanical coupling among edge dislocations, domain walls, and nanodomains in BiFeO3 revealed by unit-cell-wise strain and polarization maps. Nano Lett 2013; 13:1410-1415. [PMID: 23418908 DOI: 10.1021/nl304229k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The performance of ferroelectric devices, for example, the ferroelectric field effect transistor, is reduced by the presence of crystal defects such as edge dislocations. For example, it is well-known that edge dislocations play a crucial role in the formation of ferroelectric dead-layers at interfaces and hence finite size effects in ferroelectric thin films. The detailed lattice structure including the relevant electromechanical coupling mechanisms in close vicinity of the edge dislocations is, however, not well-understood, which hampers device optimization. Here, we investigate edge dislocations in ferroelectric BiFeO3 by means of spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, a dedicated model-based structure analysis, and phase field simulations. Unit-cell-wise resolved strain and polarization profiles around edge dislocation reveal a wealth of material states including polymorph nanodomains and multiple domain walls characteristically pinned to the dislocation. We locally determine the piezoelectric tensor and identify piezoelectric coupling as the driving force for the observed phenomena, explaining, for example, the orientation of the domain wall with respect to the edge dislocation. Furthermore, an atomic model for the dislocation core is derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lubk
- Triebenberg Laboratory, Institute of Structure Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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172
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Abstract
The importance of the Healthcare Information Exchange (HIE) in increasing healthcare quality and reducing risks and costs has led to greater interest in identifying factors that enhance adoption and meaningful use of HIE by healthcare providers. In this research we study the interlinked network effects between two different groups of physicians -- primary care physicians and specialists -- as significant factors in increasing the growth of each group in an exchange. An analytical model of interlinked and intragroup influences on adoption is developed using the Bass diffusion model as a basis. Adoption data on 1,060 different primary and secondary care physicians over 32 consecutive months was used to test the model. The results indicate not only the presence of interlinked effects, but also that their influence is stronger than that of the intragroup. Further, the influence of primary care physicians on specialists is stronger than that of specialists on primary care physicians. We also provide statistical evidence that the new model performs better than the conventional Bass model, and the assumptions of diffusion symmetry in the market are statistically valid. Together, the findings provide important guidelines on triggers that enhance the overall growth of HIE and potential marketing strategies for HIE services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R. Ramesh
- State University of New York at Buffalo
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173
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Abstract
We report the creation of a multiferroic field effect device with a BiFeO(3) (BFO) (antiferromagnetic-ferroelectric) gate dielectric and a La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3) (LSMO) (ferromagnetic) conducting channel that exhibits direct, bipolar electrical control of exchange bias. We show that exchange bias is reversibly switched between two stable states with opposite exchange bias polarities upon ferroelectric poling of the BFO. No field cooling, temperature cycling, or additional applied magnetic or electric field beyond the initial BFO polarization is needed for this bipolar modulation effect. Based on these results and the current understanding of exchange bias, we propose a model to explain the control of exchange bias. In this model the coupled antiferromagnetic-ferroelectric order in BFO along with the modulation of interfacial exchange interactions due to ionic displacement of Fe(3+) in BFO relative to Mn(3+/4+) in LSMO cause bipolar modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Wu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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174
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von Glasow R, Jickells TD, Baklanov A, Carmichael GR, Church TM, Gallardo L, Hughes C, Kanakidou M, Liss PS, Mee L, Raine R, Ramachandran P, Ramesh R, Sundseth K, Tsunogai U, Uematsu M, Zhu T. Megacities and large urban agglomerations in the coastal zone: interactions between atmosphere, land, and marine ecosystems. Ambio 2013; 42:13-28. [PMID: 23076973 PMCID: PMC3547459 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-012-0343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Megacities are not only important drivers for socio-economic development but also sources of environmental challenges. Many megacities and large urban agglomerations are located in the coastal zone where land, atmosphere, and ocean meet, posing multiple environmental challenges which we consider here. The atmospheric flow around megacities is complicated by urban heat island effects and topographic flows and sea breezes and influences air pollution and human health. The outflow of polluted air over the ocean perturbs biogeochemical processes. Contaminant inputs can damage downstream coastal zone ecosystem function and resources including fisheries, induce harmful algal blooms and feedback to the atmosphere via marine emissions. The scale of influence of megacities in the coastal zone is hundreds to thousands of kilometers in the atmosphere and tens to hundreds of kilometers in the ocean. We list research needs to further our understanding of coastal megacities with the ultimate aim to improve their environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland von Glasow
- />School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Tim D. Jickells
- />School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | | | - Gregory R. Carmichael
- />Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Tom M. Church
- />School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-3501 USA
| | - Laura Gallardo
- />Departamento de Geofísica & Centro de Modelamiento Matemático, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Piso 4, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claire Hughes
- />Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Maria Kanakidou
- />Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Peter S. Liss
- />School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Laurence Mee
- />Scottish Marine Institute, Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA UK
| | - Robin Raine
- />The Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - R. Ramesh
- />Institute for Ocean Management, Anna University, Chennai, 600 025 India
| | - Kyrre Sundseth
- />Center for Ecology and Economics (CEE), NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, P.O. Box 100, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Urumu Tsunogai
- />Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Mitsuo Uematsu
- />Center for International Collaboration, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564 Japan
| | - Tong Zhu
- />State Key Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
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175
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Niranjan G, Mohanavalli V, Srinivasan AR, Ramesh R. Serum lipid peroxides and magnesium levels following three months of treatment with pioglitazone in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2013; 7:35-37. [PMID: 23517794 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher levels of lipid peroxidation and hypomagnesaemia are frequently associated with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Addressing these issues would definitely help us in preventing or prolonging the onset of pathogenesis of micro and macrovascular complications. Pioglitazone is used as a trusted insulin sensitizer and an adjuvant to the conventional oral hypoglycemic agents. This study was planned to explore the effects of pioglitazone on oxidative stress, serum magnesium, blood pressure, hepato-biliary and renal systems in addition to its effects on glycemic control. METHODS Sixty-three T2DM cases, who were started on pioglitazone were included in this study. All the physiological and biochemical parameters were estimated prior to and following three months of therapy with pioglitazone. RESULTS There was significant improvement in the glycemic control, serum magnesium and MDA levels with p values of 0.000, 0.023 and 0.000 respectively. Pioglitazone did not have any significant effects on the serum lipids and blood pressure in T2DM cases following three months of treatment. We did not observe any pronounced changes in hepato-biliary enzymes, serum urea and creatinine levels reaffirming safety of pioglitazone in T2DM. CONCLUSION Three-month duration of treatment with Pioglitazone in T2DM cases helps in alleviating the levels of lipid peroxides, besides being associated with improved serum magnesium status and glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Niranjan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, SBV University Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry 607402, India.
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176
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Koralek JD, Meier D, Hinton JP, Bauer A, Parameswaran SA, Vishwanath A, Ramesh R, Schoenlein RW, Pfleiderer C, Orenstein J. Observation of coherent helimagnons and gilbert damping in an itinerant magnet. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:247204. [PMID: 23368372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.247204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study the magnetic excitations of itinerant helimagnets by applying time-resolved optical spectroscopy to Fe(0.8)Co(0.2)Si. Optically excited oscillations of the magnetization in the helical state are found to disperse to lower frequency as the applied magnetic field is increased; the fingerprint of collective modes unique to helimagnets, known as helimagnons. The use of time-resolved spectroscopy allows us to address the fundamental magnetic relaxation processes by directly measuring the Gilbert damping, revealing the versatility of spin dynamics in chiral magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Koralek
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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177
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Yang JC, He Q, Suresha SJ, Kuo CY, Peng CY, Haislmaier RC, Motyka MA, Sheng G, Adamo C, Lin HJ, Hu Z, Chang L, Tjeng LH, Arenholz E, Podraza NJ, Bernhagen M, Uecker R, Schlom DG, Gopalan V, Chen LQ, Chen CT, Ramesh R, Chu YH. Orthorhombic BiFeO3. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:247606. [PMID: 23368382 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.247606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A new orthorhombic phase of the multiferroic BiFeO3 has been created via strain engineering by growing it on a NdScO(3)(110)(o) substrate. The tensile-strained orthorhombic BiFeO3 phase is ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic at room temperature. A combination of nonlinear optical second harmonic generation and piezoresponse force microscopy revealed that the ferroelectric polarization in the orthorhombic phase is along the in-plane {110}(pc) directions. In addition, the corresponding rotation of the antiferromagnetic axis in this new phase was observed using x-ray linear dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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178
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Abstract
In the recent years, circulating nucleic acids have emerged as new biomarkers. Among these, microRNAs(miRNA) have evolved as promising and potential markers of both physiological and pathological conditions. MiRNA are transcribed from DNA like the other mRNA molecules. Their secretions and functions have to be still explored in humans, though many theories have been proposed. It is a small non coding RNA which plays an important role in the regulation of the gene expression, cell-cell communication, cell division and apoptosis. MiRNAs are stable and tissue specific and they can be identified and quantitated, which make them ideal biomarkers. This review highlights the secretion,mechanism of action and the role of miRNA in the diagnosis and the management of different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Ramesh
- Professor & Head, Department of Biochemistry
| | - A.R. Srinivasan
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, Pin Code – 607 402, India
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179
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Abstract
The coupling and reconstruction of electronic degrees of freedom (such as charge, spin and orbital) at a heterointerface can lead to unexpected and exotic states of matter. In this study, using model systems consisting of multiferroic BiFeO(3) and ferromagnetic La(0.7)Sr(0.3)MnO(3), we review the current understanding of a novel interfacial magnetic state formed at the interface, and highlight some possible mechanisms responsible for this interesting phenomenon and identify open questions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA.
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180
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Abstract
In functional materials, nanoscale phase boundaries exhibit exotic phenomena that are notably absent in their parent phases. Over the past two decades, much of the research into complex oxides (such as cuprate superconductors, CMR manganites and relaxor ferroelectrics) has demonstrated the key role that nanoscale inhomogeneities play in controlling the electronic and/or ionic structure of these materials. One of the key characteristics in such systems is the strong susceptibility to external perturbations, such as magnetic, electric and mechanical fields. A direct consequence of the accommodation of a large number of cationic substitutions in complex oxides is the emergence of a number of physical phenomena from essentially the same crystal framework. Recently, multiferroic behavior, which is characterized by the co-existence and potential coupling of multiple ferroic order parameters, has captured considerable worldwide research interest. The perovskite, BiFeO(3), exhibits robust ferroelectricity coupled with antiferromagnetism at room temperature. A rather unique feature of this material system is its ability to "morph" its ground state when an external mechanical constraint is imposed on it. A particularly striking example is observed when a large (~4 to 5%) compressive strain is imposed on a thin film through the epitaxial constraint from the underlying substrate. Under these conditions, the ground state rhombohedral phase transforms into a tetragonal-like (or a derivative thereof) phase with a rather large unit cell (c/a ratio of ~1.26). When the epitaxial constraint is partially relaxed by increasing the film thickness, this tetragonal-like phase evolves into a "mixed-phase" state, consisting of a nanoscale admixture of the rhombohedral-like phase embedded in the tetragonal-like phase. Such a system gives us a new pathway to explore a variety of mechanical, magnetic and transport phenomena in constrained dimensions. This article reviews our progress to date in this direction and also captures some possible areas of future research. We use the electromechanical response and the magnetic properties as examples to illustrate that its novel functionalities are intrinsically due to the phase boundaries and not the constituent phases. The possible origin of the giant piezoelectric response and enhanced magnetic moment across the boundaries is proposed based on the flexoelectric and flexomagnetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J X Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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181
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Selvam AP, Priya SL, Banerjee K, Hariharan G, Purvaja R, Ramesh R. Heavy metal assessment using geochemical and statistical tools in the surface sediments of Vembanad Lake, Southwest Coast of India. Environ Monit Assess 2012; 184:5899-5915. [PMID: 22068311 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The geochemical distribution and enrichment of ten heavy metals in the surface sediments of Vembanad Lake, southwest coast of India was evaluated. Sediment samples from 47 stations in the Lake were collected during dry and wet seasons in 2008 and examined for heavy metal content (Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cu, Co, Cd), organic carbon, and sediment texture. Statistically significant spatial variation was observed among all sediment variables, but negligible significant seasonal variation was observed. Correlation analysis showed that the metal content of sediments was mainly regulated by organic carbon, Fe oxy-hydroxides, and grain size. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the 14 sediment variables into three factors that reveal distinct origins or accumulation mechanisms controlling the chemical composition in the study area. Pollution intensity of the Vembanad Lake was measured using the enrichment factor and the pollution load index. Severe and moderately severe enrichment of Cd and Zn in the north estuary with minor enrichment of Pb and Cr were observed, which reflects the intensity of the anthropogenic inputs related to industrial discharge into this system. The results of pollution load index reveal that the sediment was heavily polluted in northern arm and moderately polluted in the extreme end and port region of the southern arm of the lake. A comparison with sediment quality guideline quotient was also made, indicating that there may be some ecotoxicological risk to benthic organisms in these sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paneer Selvam
- Institute for Ocean Management, Anna University, Chennai, India
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182
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S RP, Ramesh R, Rachel P, Chanda R, Satish N, Mohan VR. Quality of life among people with epilepsy: a cross-sectional study from rural southern India. Natl Med J India 2012; 25:261-264. [PMID: 23448623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy can be associated with profound physical, social and psychological consequences and it has an impact on a person's quality of life. We assessed the quality of life and factors associated with a poor quality of life, among adults with epilepsy in a rural block of Tamil Nadu. METHODS We interviewed 91 epilepsy patients from 20 randomly selected villages using a structured questionnaire including World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ-2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) questionnaires. RESULTS The mean (SD) total score of the quality of life scale was 61.49 (12.56). Those who were single, separated or widowed (t statistic= -2.71, p<0.01), had not completed primary education (t statistic=-2.308, p<0.05), not currently going for work (t statistic=-2.748, p<0.01), had seizure in the past one year (t statistic=-4.068, p<0.01),had depressive symptoms (t statistic=-3.207, p<0.01),had higher anxiety scores (t statistic=-2.727, p<0.01), had low scores in the quality of life questionnaire. Multivariate analysis showed increasing age, education less than grade V, being unmarried, widowed or separated, lower per capita income, a high anxiety score and experiencing a seizure episode in the past one year to be significantly associated with a low score in the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire (adjusted R²=0.378, SE 9.90). CONCLUSION The presence of anxiety, lack of primary education, being single, separated or widowed, increasing age, low per capita income and having a seizure episode in the past year are associated with lower quality of life among people with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh P S
- Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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183
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Kavitha P, Ramesh R, Bupesh G, Stalin A, Subramanian P. Hepatoprotective activity of Tribulus terrestris extract against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in a freshwater fish (Oreochromis mossambicus). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2012; 47:698-706. [PMID: 21975853 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-011-9457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The potential protective role of Tribulus terrestris in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus was investigated. The effect of oral exposure of acetaminophen (500 mg/kg) in O. mossambicus at 24-h duration was evaluated. The plant extract (250 mg/kg) showed a remarkable hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. It was judged from the tissue-damaging level and antioxidant levels in liver, gill, muscle and kidney tissues. Further acetaminophen impact induced a significant rise in the tissue-damaging level, and the antioxidant level was discernible from the enzyme activity modulations such as glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamate pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, lipid peroxidase and reduced glutathione. The levels of all these enzymes have significantly (p < 0.05) increased in acetaminophen-treated fish tissues. The elevated levels of these enzymes were significantly controlled by the treatment of T. terrestris extract (250 kg/mg). Histopathological changes of liver, gill and muscle samples were compared with respective controls. The results of the present study specify the hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of T. terrestris against acetaminophen-induced toxicity in freshwater fish, O. mossambicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kavitha
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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184
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Lubk A, Rossell MD, Seidel J, He Q, Yang SY, Chu YH, Ramesh R, Hÿtch MJ, Snoeck E. Evidence of sharp and diffuse domain walls in BiFeO3 by means of unit-cell-wise strain and polarization maps obtained with high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:047601. [PMID: 23006107 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.047601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Domain walls (DWs) substantially influence a large number of applications involving ferroelectric materials due to their limited mobility when shifted during polarization switching. The discovery of greatly enhanced conduction at BiFeO(3) DWs has highlighted yet another role of DWs as a local material state with unique properties. However, the lack of precise information on the local atomic structure is still hampering microscopical understanding of DW properties. Here, we examine the atomic structure of BiFeO(3) 109° DWs with pm precision by a combination of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and a dedicated structural analysis. By measuring simultaneously local polarization and strain, we provide direct experimental proof for the straight DW structure predicted by ab initio calculations as well as the recently proposed theory of diffuse DWs, thus resolving a long-standing discrepancy between experimentally measured and theoretically predicted DW mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lubk
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France.
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185
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Misra S, Ramesh R, Ramu CS, Srirangalaxmi G, Radhakrishn H. Adrenomyeloneuropathy. J Assoc Physicians India 2012; 60:58-61. [PMID: 23405547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A 29-year-old male patient presented with progressive spastic paraparesis of three years duration. He also had gait ataxia which led to recurrent falls. In addition, there was pigmentation of the skin creases, tongue and buccal mucosa. His clinical course was remarkable by recurrent episodes of diarrhea, pulmonary tuberculosis. The investigatory work up showed a normal MRI scan of the brain, spinal cord and normal abdominal structures. The basal serum cortisol levels were low. Adrenomyeloneuropathy was diagnosed and he was started on corticosteroid supplementation. Mineralocorticoid supplementation also is planned in the follow up. The case is being presented for its rarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Misra
- Department of Neurology, Osmania Medical College and Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad
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186
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Yu P, Luo W, Yi D, Zhang JX, Rossell MD, Yang CH, You L, Singh-Bhalla G, Yang SY, He Q, Ramasse QM, Erni R, Martin LW, Chu YH, Pantelides ST, Pennycook SJ, Ramesh R. Interface control of bulk ferroelectric polarization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:9710-5. [PMID: 22647612 PMCID: PMC3382509 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1117990109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of material interfaces at the atomic level has led to novel interfacial properties and functionalities. In particular, the study of polar discontinuities at interfaces between complex oxides lies at the frontier of modern condensed matter research. Here we employ a combination of experimental measurements and theoretical calculations to demonstrate the control of a bulk property, namely ferroelectric polarization, of a heteroepitaxial bilayer by precise atomic-scale interface engineering. More specifically, the control is achieved by exploiting the interfacial valence mismatch to influence the electrostatic potential step across the interface, which manifests itself as the biased-voltage in ferroelectric hysteresis loops and determines the ferroelectric state. A broad study of diverse systems comprising different ferroelectrics and conducting perovskite underlayers extends the generality of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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187
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Singh A, Gandhi N, Ramesh R. Contribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to new production in the nitrogen limited photic zone of the northern Indian Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jc007737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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188
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Kavitha P, Ramesh R, Subramanian P. Histopathological changes in Poecilia latipinna male gonad due to Tribulus terrestris administration. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2012; 48:306-12. [PMID: 22580910 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-012-9517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris is a traditionally known non-toxic aphrodisiac herb for maleness. It was experimented recently to understand the effect and mechanism on mono sex production in Poecilia latipinna. It would help to develop a new eco-friendly way to masculinize P. latipinna, since males have higher commercial value than females. The different concentration (100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mg/L) of T. terrestris extract and a control were tested for their effect on sex transformation/reversal in P. latipinna by immersing the newly born young ones in the respective concentrations for 2 mo. The obtained results indicate that a dose dependant masculinization is obtained due to T. terrestris administration, which improved the male proportion. Histological results revealed that the testes of fish treated with T. terrestris extract contained all stages of spermatogenesis, clearly demonstrating that the administration of T. terrestris extract to P. latipinna stimulated spermatogenesis. Thus, it is discernible that 0-d-old hatchlings of P. latipinna exposed to T. terrestris extract orient/reverse their sex more towards maleness besides yielding better growth and spermatogenesis which is a mandate for fancy fish industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kavitha
- Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
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189
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Lu C, Stewart DJ, Lee JJ, Ji L, Ramesh R, Jayachandran G, Nunez MI, Wistuba II, Erasmus JJ, Hicks ME, Grimm EA, Reuben JM, Baladandayuthapani V, Templeton NS, McMannis JD, Roth JA. Phase I clinical trial of systemically administered TUSC2(FUS1)-nanoparticles mediating functional gene transfer in humans. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34833. [PMID: 22558101 PMCID: PMC3338819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor suppressor gene TUSC2/FUS1 (TUSC2) is frequently inactivated early in lung cancer development. TUSC2 mediates apoptosis in cancer cells but not normal cells by upregulation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. No drug strategies currently exist targeting loss-of–function genetic abnormalities. We report the first in-human systemic gene therapy clinical trial of tumor suppressor gene TUSC2. Methods Patients with recurrent and/or metastatic lung cancer previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were treated with escalating doses of intravenous N-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP):cholesterol nanoparticles encapsulating a TUSC2 expression plasmid (DOTAP:chol-TUSC2) every 3 weeks. Results Thirty-one patients were treated at 6 dose levels (range 0.01 to 0.09 milligrams per kilogram). The MTD was determined to be 0.06 mg/kg. Five patients achieved stable disease (2.6–10.8 months, including 2 minor responses). One patient had a metabolic response on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. RT-PCR analysis detected TUSC2 plasmid expression in 7 of 8 post-treatment tumor specimens but not in pretreatment specimens and peripheral blood lymphocyte controls. Proximity ligation assay, performed on paired biopsies from 3 patients, demonstrated low background TUSC2 protein staining in pretreatment tissues compared with intense (10–25 fold increase) TUSC2 protein staining in post-treatment tissues. RT-PCR gene expression profiling analysis of apoptotic pathway genes in two patients with high post-treatment levels of TUSC2 mRNA and protein showed significant post-treatment changes in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Twenty-nine genes of the 82 tested in the apoptosis array were identified by Igenuity Pathway Analysis to be significantly altered post-treatment in both patients (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.519; p<0.01). Conclusions DOTAP:chol-TUSC2 can be safely administered intravenously in lung cancer patients and results in uptake of the gene by human primary and metastatic tumors, transgene and gene product expression, specific alterations in TUSC2-regulated pathways, and anti-tumor effects (to our knowledge for the first time for systemic DOTAP:cholesterol nanoparticle gene therapy). Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00059605
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Lu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America.
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190
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Ramesh R, Managave SR, Lekshmy PR, Laskar AH, Yadava MG, Jani RA. Comment on "Tracing the sources of water using stable isotopes: first results along the Mangalore-Udupi region, south-west coast of India". Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2012; 26:874-875. [PMID: 22368069 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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191
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Zhang S, Zhao YG, Li PS, Yang JJ, Rizwan S, Zhang JX, Seidel J, Qu TL, Yang YJ, Luo ZL, He Q, Zou T, Chen QP, Wang JW, Yang LF, Sun Y, Wu YZ, Xiao X, Jin XF, Huang J, Gao C, Han XF, Ramesh R. Electric-field control of nonvolatile magnetization in Co40Fe40B20/Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))(0.7)Ti(0.3)O3 structure at room temperature. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:137203. [PMID: 22540724 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.137203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a large and nonvolatile bipolar-electric-field-controlled magnetization at room temperature in a Co(40)Fe(40)B(20)/Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))(0.7)Ti(0.3)O(3) structure, which exhibits an electric-field-controlled looplike magnetization. Investigations on the ferroelectric domains and crystal structures with in situ electric fields reveal that the effect is related to the combined action of 109° ferroelastic domain switching and the absence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Co(40)Fe(40)B(20). This work provides a route to realize large and nonvolatile magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature and is significant for applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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192
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Meier D, Seidel J, Cano A, Delaney K, Kumagai Y, Mostovoy M, Spaldin NA, Ramesh R, Fiebig M. Anisotropic conductance at improper ferroelectric domain walls. Nat Mater 2012; 11:284-288. [PMID: 22367003 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal oxides hold great potential for the development of new device paradigms because of the field-tunable functionalities driven by their strong electronic correlations, combined with their earth abundance and environmental friendliness. Recently, the interfaces between transition-metal oxides have revealed striking phenomena, such as insulator-metal transitions, magnetism, magnetoresistance and superconductivity. Such oxide interfaces are usually produced by sophisticated layer-by-layer growth techniques, which can yield high-quality, epitaxial interfaces with almost monolayer control of atomic positions. The resulting interfaces, however, are fixed in space by the arrangement of the atoms. Here we demonstrate a route to overcoming this geometric limitation. We show that the electrical conductance at the interfacial ferroelectric domain walls in hexagonal ErMnO(3) is a continuous function of the domain wall orientation, with a range of an order of magnitude. We explain the observed behaviour using first-principles density functional and phenomenological theories, and relate it to the unexpected stability of head-to-head and tail-to-tail domain walls in ErMnO(3) and related hexagonal manganites. As the domain wall orientation in ferroelectrics is tunable using modest external electric fields, our finding opens a degree of freedom that is not accessible to spatially fixed interfaces.
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193
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194
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He Q, Yeh CH, Yang JC, Singh-Bhalla G, Liang CW, Chiu PW, Catalan G, Martin LW, Chu YH, Scott JF, Ramesh R. Magnetotransport at domain walls in BiFeO3. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:067203. [PMID: 22401116 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.067203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Domain walls in multiferroics can exhibit intriguing behaviors that are significantly different from the bulk of the material. We investigate strong magnetoresistance in domain walls of the model multiferroic BiFeO3 by probing ordered arrays of 109° domain walls with temperature- and magnetic-field-dependent transport. We observe temperature-dependent variations in the transport mechanism and magnetoresistances as large as 60%. These results suggest that by locally breaking the symmetry of a material, such as at domain walls and structural interfaces, one can induce emergent behavior with properties that deviate significantly from the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q He
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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195
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Banerjee K, Senthilkumar B, Purvaja R, Ramesh R. Sedimentation and trace metal distribution in selected locations of Sundarbans mangroves and Hooghly estuary, northeast coast of India. Environ Geochem Health 2012; 34:27-42. [PMID: 21461887 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-011-9388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Four sediment cores were collected from selected locations of Sundarbans mangroves and Hooghly estuary, northeast coast of India to establish (210)Pb geochronology and trace metal distribution in sediments. Core sites were chosen to reflect a matrix of variable anthropogenic input and hydrological conditions. The vertical distribution of (210)Pb(xs) ((210)Pb(total)-(226)Ra) provided reliable geochronological age to calculate the mass accumulation rates and historic trace element inputs and their variations. The mass accumulation rates ranged from 0.41 g cm(-2) year(-1) (estuarine region) to 0.66 g cm(-2) year(-1) (mangrove region). Both in mangroves and estuarine systems, Fe-Mn oxy-hydroxides are observed to be a major controlling factor for trace metal accumulation when compared to organic carbon. Core collected from Hooghly estuary shows less contamination when compared to the mangrove region due to high energy and mostly coarse grained. Fe-normalized enrichment factors (EFs) of trace metals were calculated based on crustal trace element abundances. The EFs are typically >1 for Cd, Pb, Co, and Cu indicating that these metals are highly enriched while other metals such as Zn, Ni, Cr, and Mn show no enrichment or depletion. Both Sundarbans mangroves and Hooghly estuary have been receiving considerable pollution loads from anthropogenic sources such as industrial, domestic, and shipping activities in recent times, indicating high concentration of metals in the top few layers. This study suggests that the variation in trace metals content with depth or between mangrove and estuarine system results largely from metal input due to anthropogenic activities rather than diagenetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakolee Banerjee
- Institute for Ocean Management, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India.
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196
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Rossell MD, Erni R, Prange MP, Idrobo JC, Luo W, Zeches RJ, Pantelides ST, Ramesh R. Atomic structure of highly strained BiFeO3 thin films. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:047601. [PMID: 22400888 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.047601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We determine the atomic structure of the pseudotetragonal T phase and the pseudorhombohedral R phase in highly strained multiferroic BiFeO(3) thin films by using a combination of atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The coordination of the Fe atoms and their displacement relative to the O and Bi positions are assessed by direct imaging. These observations allow us to interpret the electronic structure data derived from electron energy-loss spectroscopy and provide evidence for the giant spontaneous polarization in strained BiFeO(3) thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Rossell
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Baek SH, Park J, Kim DM, Aksyuk VA, Das RR, Bu SD, Felker DA, Lettieri J, Vaithyanathan V, Bharadwaja SSN, Bassiri-Gharb N, Chen YB, Sun HP, Folkman CM, Jang HW, Kreft DJ, Streiffer SK, Ramesh R, Pan XQ, Trolier-McKinstry S, Schlom DG, Rzchowski MS, Blick RH, Eom CB. Giant piezoelectricity on Si for hyperactive MEMS. Science 2011; 334:958-61. [PMID: 22096193 DOI: 10.1126/science.1207186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) incorporating active piezoelectric layers offer integrated actuation, sensing, and transduction. The broad implementation of such active MEMS has long been constrained by the inability to integrate materials with giant piezoelectric response, such as Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-PbTiO(3) (PMN-PT). We synthesized high-quality PMN-PT epitaxial thin films on vicinal (001) Si wafers with the use of an epitaxial (001) SrTiO(3) template layer with superior piezoelectric coefficients (e(31,f) = -27 ± 3 coulombs per square meter) and figures of merit for piezoelectric energy-harvesting systems. We have incorporated these heterostructures into microcantilevers that are actuated with extremely low drive voltage due to thin-film piezoelectric properties that rival bulk PMN-PT single crystals. These epitaxial heterostructures exhibit very large electromechanical coupling for ultrasound medical imaging, microfluidic control, mechanical sensing, and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Baek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Heron JT, Trassin M, Ashraf K, Gajek M, He Q, Yang SY, Nikonov DE, Chu YH, Salahuddin S, Ramesh R. Electric-field-induced magnetization reversal in a ferromagnet-multiferroic heterostructure. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:217202. [PMID: 22181917 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.217202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A reversal of magnetization requiring only the application of an electric field can lead to low-power spintronic devices by eliminating conventional magnetic switching methods. Here we show a nonvolatile, room temperature magnetization reversal determined by an electric field in a ferromagnet-multiferroic system. The effect is reversible and mediated by an interfacial magnetic coupling dictated by the multiferroic. Such electric-field control of a magnetoelectric device demonstrates an avenue for next-generation, low-energy consumption spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Heron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
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