151
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Persyn E, Hanscombe KB, Howson JMM, Lewis CM, Traylor M, Markus HS. Genome-wide association study of MRI markers of cerebral small vessel disease in 42,310 participants. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2175. [PMID: 32358547 PMCID: PMC7195435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease is a major cause of stroke and dementia, but its genetic basis is incompletely understood. We perform a genetic study of three MRI markers of the disease in UK Biobank imaging data and other sources: white matter hyperintensities (N = 42,310), fractional anisotropy (N = 17,663) and mean diffusivity (N = 17,467). Our aim is to better understand the disease pathophysiology. Across the three traits, we identify 31 loci, of which 21 were previously unreported. We perform a transcriptome-wide association study to identify associations with gene expression in relevant tissues, identifying 66 associated genes across the three traits. This genetic study provides insights into the understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Persyn
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ken B Hanscombe
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joanna M M Howson
- BHF, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Traylor
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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152
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Dobrzycki T, Mahony CB, Krecsmarik M, Koyunlar C, Rispoli R, Peulen-Zink J, Gussinklo K, Fedlaoui B, de Pater E, Patient R, Monteiro R. Deletion of a conserved Gata2 enhancer impairs haemogenic endothelium programming and adult Zebrafish haematopoiesis. Commun Biol 2020; 3:71. [PMID: 32054973 PMCID: PMC7018942 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gata2 is a key transcription factor required to generate Haematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) from haemogenic endothelium (HE); misexpression of Gata2 leads to haematopoietic disorders. Here we deleted a conserved enhancer (i4 enhancer) driving pan-endothelial expression of the zebrafish gata2a and showed that Gata2a is required for HE programming by regulating expression of runx1 and of the second Gata2 orthologue, gata2b. By 5 days, homozygous gata2aΔi4/Δi4 larvae showed normal numbers of HSPCs, a recovery mediated by Notch signalling driving gata2b and runx1 expression in HE. However, gata2aΔi4/Δi4 adults showed oedema, susceptibility to infections and marrow hypo-cellularity, consistent with bone marrow failure found in GATA2 deficiency syndromes. Thus, gata2a expression driven by the i4 enhancer is required for correct HE programming in embryos and maintenance of steady-state haematopoietic stem cell output in the adult. These enhancer mutants will be useful in exploring further the pathophysiology of GATA2-related deficiencies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Dobrzycki
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christopher B Mahony
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Monika Krecsmarik
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK
| | - Cansu Koyunlar
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rossella Rispoli
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joke Peulen-Zink
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bakhta Fedlaoui
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma de Pater
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Patient
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK
| | - Rui Monteiro
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK.
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153
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Spath N, Tavares A, Gray GA, Baker AH, Lennen RJ, Alcaide-Corral CJ, Dweck MR, Newby DE, Yang PC, Jansen MA, Semple SI. Manganese-enhanced T 1 mapping to quantify myocardial viability: validation with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2018. [PMID: 32029765 PMCID: PMC7005182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium chelates are widely used in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as passive intravascular and extracellular space markers. Manganese, a biologically active paramagnetic calcium analogue, provides novel intracellular myocardial tissue characterisation. We previously showed manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) more accurately quantifies myocardial infarction than gadolinium delayed-enhancement MRI (DEMRI). Here, we evaluated the potential of MEMRI to assess myocardial viability compared to gold-standard 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) viability. Coronary artery ligation surgery was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 13) followed by dual MEMRI and 18F-FDG PET imaging at 10-12 weeks. MEMRI was achieved with unchelated (EVP1001-1) or chelated (mangafodipir) manganese. T1 mapping MRI was followed by 18F-FDG micro-PET, with tissue taken for histological correlation. MEMRI and PET demonstrated good agreement with histology but native T1 underestimated infarct size. Quantification of viability by MEMRI, PET and MTC were similar, irrespective of manganese agent. MEMRI showed superior agreement with PET than native T1. MEMRI showed excellent agreement with PET and MTC viability. Myocardial MEMRI T1 correlated with 18F-FDG standard uptake values and influx constant but not native T1. Our findings indicate that MEMRI identifies and quantifies myocardial viability and has major potential for clinical application in myocardial disease and regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Spath
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Adriana Tavares
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gillian A Gray
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ross J Lennen
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Phillip C Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, US
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Scott I Semple
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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154
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Burgess S, Foley CN, Allara E, Staley JR, Howson JMM. A robust and efficient method for Mendelian randomization with hundreds of genetic variants. Nat Commun 2020; 11:376. [PMID: 31953392 PMCID: PMC6969055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) is an epidemiological technique that uses genetic variants to distinguish correlation from causation in observational data. The reliability of a MR investigation depends on the validity of the genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs). We develop the contamination mixture method, a method for MR with two modalities. First, it identifies groups of genetic variants with similar causal estimates, which may represent distinct mechanisms by which the risk factor influences the outcome. Second, it performs MR robustly and efficiently in the presence of invalid IVs. Compared to other robust methods, it has the lowest mean squared error across a range of realistic scenarios. The method identifies 11 variants associated with increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, decreased triglyceride levels, and decreased coronary heart disease risk that have the same directions of associations with various blood cell traits, suggesting a shared mechanism linking lipids and coronary heart disease risk mediated via platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Elias Allara
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James R Staley
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joanna M M Howson
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Innovation Building - Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
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155
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Gomez I, Ward B, Souilhol C, Recarti C, Ariaans M, Johnston J, Burnett A, Mahmoud M, Luong LA, West L, Long M, Parry S, Woods R, Hulston C, Benedikter B, Niespolo C, Bazaz R, Francis S, Kiss-Toth E, van Zandvoort M, Schober A, Hellewell P, Evans PC, Ridger V. Neutrophil microvesicles drive atherosclerosis by delivering miR-155 to atheroprone endothelium. Nat Commun 2020; 11:214. [PMID: 31924781 PMCID: PMC6954269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14043-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis but are seldom detected in atherosclerotic plaques. We investigated whether neutrophil-derived microvesicles may influence arterial pathophysiology. Here we report that levels of circulating neutrophil microvesicles are enhanced by exposure to a high fat diet, a known risk factor for atherosclerosis. Neutrophil microvesicles accumulate at disease-prone regions of arteries exposed to disturbed flow patterns, and promote vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in a murine model. Using cultured endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow, we demonstrate that neutrophil microvesicles promote inflammatory gene expression by delivering miR-155, enhancing NF-κB activation. Similarly, neutrophil microvesicles increase miR-155 and enhance NF-κB at disease-prone sites of disturbed flow in vivo. Enhancement of atherosclerotic plaque formation and increase in macrophage content by neutrophil microvesicles is dependent on miR-155. We conclude that neutrophils contribute to vascular inflammation and atherogenesis through delivery of microvesicles carrying miR-155 to disease-prone regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Gomez
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ben Ward
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Celine Souilhol
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Chiara Recarti
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Ariaans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jessica Johnston
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Amanda Burnett
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marwa Mahmoud
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Cardiovascular Mechanobiology and Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Le Anh Luong
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Laura West
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Merete Long
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sion Parry
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Rachel Woods
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Carl Hulston
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Birke Benedikter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Niespolo
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rohit Bazaz
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sheila Francis
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marc van Zandvoort
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schober
- Experimental Vascular Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Hellewell
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Paul C Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Bateson Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Victoria Ridger
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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156
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Abraham G, Malik R, Yonova-Doing E, Salim A, Wang T, Danesh J, Butterworth AS, Howson JMM, Inouye M, Dichgans M. Genomic risk score offers predictive performance comparable to clinical risk factors for ischaemic stroke. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5819. [PMID: 31862893 PMCID: PMC6925280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies in stroke have enabled the generation of genomic risk scores (GRS) but their predictive power has been modest compared to established stroke risk factors. Here, using a meta-scoring approach, we develop a metaGRS for ischaemic stroke (IS) and analyse this score in the UK Biobank (n = 395,393; 3075 IS events by age 75). The metaGRS hazard ratio for IS (1.26, 95% CI 1.22-1.31 per metaGRS standard deviation) doubles that of a previous GRS, identifying a subset of individuals at monogenic levels of risk: the top 0.25% of metaGRS have three-fold risk of IS. The metaGRS is similarly or more predictive compared to several risk factors, such as family history, blood pressure, body mass index, and smoking. We estimate the reductions needed in modifiable risk factors for individuals with different levels of genomic risk and suggest that, for individuals with high metaGRS, achieving risk factor levels recommended by current guidelines may be insufficient to mitigate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gad Abraham
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Yonova-Doing
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Agus Salim
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tingting Wang
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Danesh
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Joanna M M Howson
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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157
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Menni C, McCallum L, Pietzner M, Zierer J, Aman A, Suhre K, Mohney RP, Mangino M, Friedrich N, Spector TD, Padmanabhan S. Metabolomic profiling identifies novel associations with Electrolyte and Acid-Base Homeostatic patterns. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15088. [PMID: 31636301 PMCID: PMC6803625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrolytes have a crucial role in maintaining health and their serum levels are homeostatically maintained within a narrow range by multiple pathways involving the kidneys. Here we use metabolomics profiling (592 fasting serum metabolites) to identify molecular markers and pathways associated with serum electrolyte levels in two independent population-based cohorts. We included 1523 adults from TwinsUK not on blood pressure-lowering therapy and without renal impairment to look for metabolites associated with chloride, sodium, potassium and bicarbonate by running linear mixed models adjusting for covariates and multiple comparisons. For each electrolyte, we further performed pathway enrichment analysis (PAGE algorithm). Results were replicated in an independent cohort. Chloride, potassium, bicarbonate and sodium associated with 10, 58, 36 and 17 metabolites respectively (each P < 2.1 × 10-5), mainly lipids. Of all the electrolytes, serum potassium showed the most significant associations with individual fatty acid metabolites and specific enrichment of fatty acid pathways. In contrast, serum sodium and bicarbonate showed associations predominantly with amino-acid related species. In the first study to examine systematically associations between serum electrolytes and small circulating molecules, we identified novel metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with serum electrolyte levels. The role of these metabolic pathways on electrolyte homeostasis merits further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Linsay McCallum
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jonas Zierer
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alisha Aman
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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158
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Khan AO, White CW, Pike JA, Yule J, Slater A, Hill SJ, Poulter NS, Thomas SG, Morgan NV. Optimised insert design for improved single-molecule imaging and quantification through CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knock-in. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14219. [PMID: 31578415 PMCID: PMC6775134 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to introduce endogenously expressed tags has the potential to address a number of the classical limitations of single molecule localisation microscopy. In this work we present the first systematic comparison of inserts introduced through CRISPR-knock in, with the aim of optimising this approach for single molecule imaging. We show that more highly monomeric and codon optimised variants of mEos result in improved expression at the TubA1B locus, despite the use of identical guides, homology templates, and selection strategies. We apply this approach to target the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) CXCR4 and show a further insert dependent effect on expression and protein function. Finally, we show that compared to over-expressed CXCR4, endogenously labelled samples allow for accurate single molecule quantification on ligand treatment. This suggests that despite the complications evident in CRISPR mediated labelling, the development of CRISPR-PALM has substantial quantitative benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah O Khan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Carl W White
- Centre of Membrane and Protein and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Jeremy A Pike
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre of Membrane and Protein and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Jack Yule
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre of Membrane and Protein and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Alexandre Slater
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Centre of Membrane and Protein and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Natalie S Poulter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre of Membrane and Protein and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Steven G Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Centre of Membrane and Protein and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK.
| | - Neil V Morgan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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159
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Farrar D, Santorelli G, Lawlor DA, Tuffnell D, Sheldon TA, West J, Macdonald-Wallis C. Blood pressure change across pregnancy in white British and Pakistani women: analysis of data from the Born in Bradford cohort. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13199. [PMID: 31520065 PMCID: PMC6744423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of gestational hypertension (GH) and pre-eclampsia (PE) is increasing. Use of blood pressure (BP) change patterns may improve early detection of BP abnormalities. We used Linear spline random-effects models to estimate BP patterns across pregnancy for white British and Pakistani women. Pakistani women compared to white British women had lower BP during the first two trimesters of pregnancy, irrespective of the development of GH or PE or presence of a risk factor. Pakistani compared to white British women with GH and PE showed steeper BP increases towards the end of pregnancy. Pakistani women were half as likely to develop GH, but as likely to develop PE than white British women. To conclude; BP trajectories differ by ethnicity. Because GH developed evenly from 20 weeks gestation, and PE occurred more commonly after 36 weeks in both ethnic groups, the lower BP up to the third trimester in Pakistani women resulted in a lower GH rate, whereas PE rates, influenced by the steep third trimester BP increase were similar. Criteria for diagnosing GH and PE may benefit from considering ethnic differences in BP change across pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Farrar
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK.
| | - Gillian Santorelli
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Resource Centre, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, UK
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160
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Chen H, Moreno-Moral A, Pesce F, Devapragash N, Mancini M, Heng EL, Rotival M, Srivastava PK, Harmston N, Shkura K, Rackham OJL, Yu WP, Sun XM, Tee NGZ, Tan ELS, Barton PJR, Felkin LE, Lara-Pezzi E, Angelini G, Beltrami C, Pravenec M, Schafer S, Bottolo L, Hubner N, Emanueli C, Cook SA, Petretto E. WWP2 regulates pathological cardiac fibrosis by modulating SMAD2 signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3616. [PMID: 31399586 PMCID: PMC6689010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a final common pathology in inherited and acquired heart diseases that causes cardiac electrical and pump failure. Here, we use systems genetics to identify a pro-fibrotic gene network in the diseased heart and show that this network is regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2, specifically by the WWP2-N terminal isoform. Importantly, the WWP2-regulated pro-fibrotic gene network is conserved across different cardiac diseases characterized by fibrosis: human and murine dilated cardiomyopathy and repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Transgenic mice lacking the N-terminal region of the WWP2 protein show improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibrosis in response to pressure overload or myocardial infarction. In primary cardiac fibroblasts, WWP2 positively regulates the expression of pro-fibrotic markers and extracellular matrix genes. TGFβ1 stimulation promotes nuclear translocation of the WWP2 isoforms containing the N-terminal region and their interaction with SMAD2. WWP2 mediates the TGFβ1-induced nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and transcriptional activity of SMAD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Chen
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Aida Moreno-Moral
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Francesco Pesce
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Nithya Devapragash
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Massimiliano Mancini
- SOC di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, 50123, Florence, Italy
| | - Ee Ling Heng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Maxime Rotival
- Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institute Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Prashant K Srivastava
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kirill Shkura
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Owen J L Rackham
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei-Ping Yu
- Animal Gene Editing Laboratory, BRC, A*STAR20 Biopolis Way, Singapore, 138668, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xi-Ming Sun
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Elisabeth Li Sa Tan
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Paul J R Barton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Leanne E Felkin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares - CNIC, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianni Angelini
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 89HW, UK
| | - Cristina Beltrami
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00, Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Leonardo Bottolo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, NW1 2DB, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Norbert Hubner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, 169609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore.
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMC), Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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161
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George G, Draycott SAV, Muir R, Clifford B, Elmes MJ, Langley-Evans SC. Exposure to maternal obesity during suckling outweighs in utero exposure in programming for post-weaning adiposity and insulin resistance in rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10134. [PMID: 31300679 PMCID: PMC6626015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to maternal obesity during early development programmes adverse metabolic health in rodent offspring. We assessed the relative contributions of obesity during pregnancy and suckling on metabolic health post-weaning. Wistar rat offspring exposed to control (C) or cafeteria diet (O) during pregnancy were cross-fostered to dams on the same (CC, OO) or alternate diet during suckling (CO, OC) and weaned onto standard chow. Measures of offspring metabolic health included growth, adipose tissue mass, and 12-week glucose and insulin concentrations during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipGTT). Exposure to maternal obesity during lactation was a driver for reduced offspring weight post-weaning, higher fasting blood glucose concentrations and greater gonadal adiposity (in females). Males displayed insulin resistance, through slower glucose clearance despite normal circulating insulin and lower mRNA expression of PIK3R1 and PIK3CB in gonadal fat and liver respectively. In contrast, maternal obesity during pregnancy up-regulated the insulin signalling genes IRS2, PIK3CB and SREBP1-c in skeletal muscle and perirenal fat, favouring insulin sensitivity. In conclusion exposure to maternal obesity during lactation programmes offspring adiposity and insulin resistance, overriding exposure to an optimal nutritional environment in utero, which cannot be alleviated by a nutritionally balanced post-weaning diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace George
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Sally A V Draycott
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ronan Muir
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Bethan Clifford
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Matthew J Elmes
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Simon C Langley-Evans
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
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162
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Siddiqui N, Zwetsloot AJ, Bachmann A, Roth D, Hussain H, Brandt J, Kaverina I, Straube A. PTPN21 and Hook3 relieve KIF1C autoinhibition and activate intracellular transport. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2693. [PMID: 31217419 PMCID: PMC6584639 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinesin-3 KIF1C is a fast organelle transporter implicated in the transport of dense core vesicles in neurons and the delivery of integrins to cell adhesions. Here we report the mechanisms of autoinhibition and release that control the activity of KIF1C. We show that the microtubule binding surface of KIF1C motor domain interacts with its stalk and that these autoinhibitory interactions are released upon binding of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN21. The FERM domain of PTPN21 stimulates dense core vesicle transport in primary hippocampal neurons and rescues integrin trafficking in KIF1C-depleted cells. In vitro, human full-length KIF1C is a processive, plus-end directed motor. Its landing rate onto microtubules increases in the presence of either PTPN21 FERM domain or the cargo adapter Hook3 that binds the same region of KIF1C tail. This autoinhibition release mechanism allows cargo-activated transport and might enable motors to participate in bidirectional cargo transport without undertaking a tug-of-war.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Siddiqui
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alexander James Zwetsloot
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- MRC-DTP in Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alice Bachmann
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Daniel Roth
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Hamdi Hussain
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jonathan Brandt
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Irina Kaverina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, 37232, TN, USA
| | - Anne Straube
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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163
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Abis G, Charles RL, Kopec J, Yue WW, Atkinson RA, Bui TTT, Lynham S, Popova S, Sun YB, Fraternali F, Eaton P, Conte MR. 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14-Prostaglandin J 2 inhibits human soluble epoxide hydrolase by a dual orthosteric and allosteric mechanism. Commun Biol 2019; 2:188. [PMID: 31123712 PMCID: PMC6525171 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0426-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human soluble epoxide hydrolase (hsEH) is an enzyme responsible for the inactivation of bioactive epoxy fatty acids, and its inhibition is emerging as a promising therapeutical strategy to target hypertension, cardiovascular disease, pain and insulin sensitivity. Here, we uncover the molecular bases of hsEH inhibition mediated by the endogenous 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). Our data reveal a dual inhibitory mechanism, whereby hsEH can be inhibited by reversible docking of 15d-PGJ2 in the catalytic pocket, as well as by covalent locking of the same compound onto cysteine residues C423 and C522, remote to the active site. Biophysical characterisations allied with in silico investigations indicate that the covalent modification of the reactive cysteines may be part of a hitherto undiscovered allosteric regulatory mechanism of the enzyme. This study provides insights into the molecular modes of inhibition of hsEH epoxy-hydrolytic activity and paves the way for the development of new allosteric inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Abis
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Rebecca L. Charles
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Science, The Rayne Institute, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Jolanta Kopec
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Wyatt W. Yue
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - R. Andrew Atkinson
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Tam T. T. Bui
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Steven Lynham
- Proteomics Facility, Centre of Excellence for Mass Spectrometry, The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, SE5 9NU UK
| | - Simona Popova
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Yin-Biao Sun
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
| | - Philip Eaton
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Science, The Rayne Institute, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas’ Hospital, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Maria R. Conte
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
- Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, King’s College London, London, SE1 1UL UK
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164
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Watson SA, Duff J, Bardi I, Zabielska M, Atanur SS, Jabbour RJ, Simon A, Tomas A, Smolenski RT, Harding SE, Perbellini F, Terracciano CM. Biomimetic electromechanical stimulation to maintain adult myocardial slices in vitro. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2168. [PMID: 31092830 PMCID: PMC6520377 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult cardiac tissue undergoes a rapid process of dedifferentiation when cultured outside the body. The in vivo environment, particularly constant electromechanical stimulation, is fundamental to the regulation of cardiac structure and function. We investigated the role of electromechanical stimulation in preventing culture-induced dedifferentiation of adult cardiac tissue using rat, rabbit and human heart failure myocardial slices. Here we report that the application of a preload equivalent to sarcomere length (SL) = 2.2 μm is optimal for the maintenance of rat myocardial slice structural, functional and transcriptional properties at 24 h. Gene sets associated with the preservation of structure and function are activated, while gene sets involved in dedifferentiation are suppressed. The maximum contractility of human heart failure myocardial slices at 24 h is also optimally maintained at SL = 2.2 μm. Rabbit myocardial slices cultured at SL = 2.2 μm remain stable for 5 days. This approach substantially prolongs the culture of adult cardiac tissue in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Watson
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - James Duff
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ifigeneia Bardi
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Magdalena Zabielska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-210, Poland
| | - Santosh S Atanur
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Richard J Jabbour
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - André Simon
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation & Mechanical Circulatory Support, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, UB9 6JH, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ryszard T Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-210, Poland
| | - Sian E Harding
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Filippo Perbellini
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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165
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Lawless M, Caldwell JL, Radcliffe EJ, Smith CER, Madders GWP, Hutchings DC, Woods LS, Church SJ, Unwin RD, Kirkwood GJ, Becker LK, Pearman CM, Taylor RF, Eisner DA, Dibb KM, Trafford AW. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition improves contractile function and restores transverse tubule loss and catecholamine responsiveness in heart failure. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6801. [PMID: 31043634 PMCID: PMC6494852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is characterized by poor survival, a loss of catecholamine reserve and cellular structural remodeling in the form of disorganization and loss of the transverse tubule network. Indeed, survival rates for HF are worse than many common cancers and have not improved over time. Tadalafil is a clinically relevant drug that blocks phosphodiesterase 5 with high specificity and is used to treat erectile dysfunction. Using a sheep model of advanced HF, we show that tadalafil treatment improves contractile function, reverses transverse tubule loss, restores calcium transient amplitude and the heart's response to catecholamines. Accompanying these effects, tadalafil treatment normalized BNP mRNA and prevented development of subjective signs of HF. These effects were independent of changes in myocardial cGMP content and were associated with upregulation of both monomeric and dimerized forms of protein kinase G and of the cGMP hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases 2 and 3. We propose that the molecular switch for the loss of transverse tubules in HF and their restoration following tadalafil treatment involves the BAR domain protein Amphiphysin II (BIN1) and the restoration of catecholamine sensitivity is through reductions in G-protein receptor kinase 2, protein phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase 2 A abundance following phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lawless
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica L Caldwell
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J Radcliffe
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte E R Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - George W P Madders
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - David C Hutchings
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Lori S Woods
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J Church
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Unwin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme J Kirkwood
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenz K Becker
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Charles M Pearman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca F Taylor
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - David A Eisner
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine M Dibb
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Unit of Cardiac Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, 3.24 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom.
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166
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Marouli E, Del Greco MF, Astley CM, Yang J, Ahmad S, Berndt SI, Caulfield MJ, Evangelou E, McKnight B, Medina-Gomez C, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Warren HR, Zhu Z, Hirschhorn JN, Loos RJF, Kutalik Z, Deloukas P. Mendelian randomisation analyses find pulmonary factors mediate the effect of height on coronary artery disease. Commun Biol 2019; 2:119. [PMID: 30937401 PMCID: PMC6437163 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that lower height is associated with a higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is not clear though whether these associations are causal, direct or mediated by other factors. Here we show that one standard deviation higher genetically determined height (~6.5 cm) is causally associated with a 16% decrease in CAD risk (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.80-0.87). This causal association remains after performing sensitivity analyses relaxing pleiotropy assumptions. The causal effect of height on CAD risk is reduced by 1-3% after adjustment for potential mediators (lipids, blood pressure, glycaemic traits, body mass index, socio-economic status). In contrast, our data suggest that lung function (measured by forced expiratory volume [FEV1] and forced vital capacity [FVC]) is a mediator of the effect of height on CAD. We observe no direct causal effect of height on the risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
- Centre for Genomic Health, Life Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - M. Fabiola Del Greco
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lubeck, Bolzano, 39100 Italy
| | - Christina M. Astley
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD Australia
| | - Shafqat Ahmad
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 751 41 Sweden
| | - Sonja I. Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Mark J. Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Center, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110 Greece
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 GE The Netherlands
| | - Jana V. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9713 GZ The Netherlands
| | - Helen R. Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Center, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072 QLD Australia
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, 1010 Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
- Centre for Genomic Health, Life Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia
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167
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Mangion K, Burke NMM, McComb C, Carrick D, Woodward R, Berry C. Feature-tracking myocardial strain in healthy adults- a magnetic resonance study at 3.0 tesla. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3239. [PMID: 30824793 PMCID: PMC6397185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed feature-tracking derived circumferential and longitudinal strain in healthy volunteers who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) at 3.0 T. 88 healthy adults (44.6 ± 18.0 years old, 49% male), without prior cardiovascular disease, underwent CMR at 3.0 T including cine, and late gadolinium enhancement in subjects >45 years. LV functional analysis and feature-tracking strain analyses were carried out. Global strain had better reproducibility than segmental strain. There was a sex specific difference global longitudinal strain (mean ± SD, -18.48 ± 3.65% (male), -21.91 ± 3.01% (female), p < 0.001), but not global circumferential strain (mean ± SD, -25.41 ± 4.50% (male), -27.94 ± 3.48% (female), p = 0.643). There was no association of strain with ageing after accounting for sex for both global longitudinal and circumferential strain. Feature-tracking strain analysis is feasible at 3.0 T. Healthy female volunteers demonstrated higher magnitudes of global longitudinal strain when compared to male counterparts. Whilst global cine-strain has good reproducibility, segmental strain does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Mangion
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK
| | - Nicole M M Burke
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Christie McComb
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Clinical Physics, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Carrick
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK
| | - Rosemary Woodward
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Berry
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- West of Scotland Heart and Lung Centre, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, UK.
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168
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O'Shea C, Holmes AP, Yu TY, Winter J, Wells SP, Correia J, Boukens BJ, De Groot JR, Chu GS, Li X, Ng GA, Kirchhof P, Fabritz L, Rajpoot K, Pavlovic D. ElectroMap: High-throughput open-source software for analysis and mapping of cardiac electrophysiology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1389. [PMID: 30718782 PMCID: PMC6362081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38263-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to record and analyse electrical behaviour across the heart using optical and electrode mapping has revolutionised cardiac research. However, wider uptake of these technologies is constrained by the lack of multi-functional and robustly characterised analysis and mapping software. We present ElectroMap, an adaptable, high-throughput, open-source software for processing, analysis and mapping of complex electrophysiology datasets from diverse experimental models and acquisition modalities. Key innovation is development of standalone module for quantification of conduction velocity, employing multiple methodologies, currently not widely available to researchers. ElectroMap has also been designed to support multiple methodologies for accurate calculation of activation, repolarisation, arrhythmia detection, calcium handling and beat-to-beat heterogeneity. ElectroMap implements automated signal segmentation, ensemble averaging and integrates optogenetic approaches. Here we employ ElectroMap for analysis, mapping and detection of pro-arrhythmic phenomena in silico, in cellulo, animal model and in vivo patient datasets. We anticipate that ElectroMap will accelerate innovative cardiac research and enhance the uptake, application and interpretation of mapping technologies leading to novel approaches for arrhythmia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Physical Sciences for Health, School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ting Y Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Winter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon P Wells
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joao Correia
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bastiaan J Boukens
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris R De Groot
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gavin S Chu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - G Andre Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Cardiology, UHB NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Cardiology, UHB NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kashif Rajpoot
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Collings PJ, Kelly B, West J, Wright J. Associations of TV Viewing Duration, Meals and Snacks Eaten When Watching TV, and a TV in the Bedroom with Child Adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1619-1628. [PMID: 30269425 PMCID: PMC6207926 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the associations of TV parameters with adiposity in early life. METHODS Data were collected as part of the Born in Bradford (BiB) longitudinal birth cohort study. Child TV viewing duration was parent reported, and BMI, the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfolds, and waist circumference were measured at ~12, 18, 24, and 36 months of age in 1,338 children. Mixed effects models were used to quantify adjusted associations of TV viewing duration with adiposity markers, incorporating data from all time points. Linear regression was used to investigate differences in adiposity levels across frequencies of eating meals and snacks while watching TV at age ~24 months and between children who did and did not have a TV in their bedroom at age ~36 months. RESULTS Every 1 h/d of TV viewing was associated with a 0.075-cm larger (95% CI: 0.0034-0.15) waist circumference, independent of covariates including sleep duration, dietary factors, and physical activity level. There was no evidence for any other associations. CONCLUSIONS TV viewing duration is independently associated with abdominal adiposity in young children. Limiting TV viewing from an early age may be important for primary prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBradfordUK
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of YorkUK
| | - Brian Kelly
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBradfordUK
| | - Jane West
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBradfordUK
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBradfordUK
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170
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Bailey J, Davis S, Shaw A, Diotallevi M, Fischer R, Benson MA, Zhu H, Brown J, Bhattacharya S, Kessler BM, Channon KM, Crabtree MJ. Tetrahydrobiopterin modulates ubiquitin conjugation to UBC13/UBE2N and proteasome activity by S-nitrosation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14310. [PMID: 30254268 PMCID: PMC6156325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) is an intracellular signalling mediator, which affects many biological processes via the posttranslational modification of proteins through S-nitrosation. The availability of NO and NOS-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) from enzymatic uncoupling are determined by the NO synthase cofactor Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Here, using a global proteomics "biotin-switch" approach, we identified components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to be altered via BH4-dependent NO signalling by protein S-nitrosation. We show S-nitrosation of ubiquitin conjugating E2 enzymes, in particular the catalytic residue C87 of UBC13/UBE2N, leading to impaired polyubiquitylation by interfering with the formation of UBC13~Ub thioester intermediates. In addition, proteasome cleavage activity in cells also seems to be altered by S-nitrosation, correlating with the modification of cysteine residues within the 19S regulatory particle and catalytic subunits of the 20S complex. Our results highlight the widespread impact of BH4 on downstream cellular signalling as evidenced by the effect of a perturbed BH4-dependent NO-Redox balance on critical processes within the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). These studies thereby uncover a novel aspect of NO associated modulation of cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Bailey
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Simon Davis
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Andrew Shaw
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Marina Diotallevi
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Matthew A Benson
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Hanneng Zhu
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - James Brown
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Shoumo Bhattacharya
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Keith M Channon
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
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171
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Boekel NB, Jacobse JN, Schaapveld M, Hooning MJ, Gietema JA, Duane FK, Taylor CW, Darby SC, Hauptmann M, Seynaeve CM, Baaijens MHA, Sonke GS, Rutgers EJT, Russell NS, Aleman BMP, van Leeuwen FE. Cardiovascular disease incidence after internal mammary chain irradiation and anthracycline-based chemotherapy for breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:408-418. [PMID: 30065254 PMCID: PMC6133926 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved breast cancer (BC) survival and evidence showing beneficial effects of internal mammary chain (IMC) irradiation underscore the importance of studying late cardiovascular effects of BC treatment. METHODS We assessed cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in 14,645 Dutch BC patients aged <62 years, treated during 1970-2009. Analyses included proportional hazards models and general population comparisons. RESULTS CVD rate-ratio for left-versus-right breast irradiation without IMC was 1.11 (95% CI 0.93-1.32). Compared to right-sided breast irradiation only, IMC irradiation (interquartile range mean heart doses 9-17 Gy) was associated with increases in CVD rate overall, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF) and valvular heart disease (hazard ratios (HRs): 1.6-2.4). IHD risk remained increased until at least 20 years after treatment. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy was associated with an increased HF rate (HR = 4.18, 95% CI 3.07-5.69), emerging <5 years and remaining increased at least 10-15 years after treatment. IMC irradiation combined with anthracycline-based chemotherapy was associated with substantially increased HF rate (HR = 9.23 95% CI 6.01-14.18), compared to neither IMC irradiation nor anthracycline-based chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Women treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy and IMC irradiation (in an older era) with considerable mean heart dose exposure have substantially increased incidence of several CVDs. Screening may be appropriate for some BC patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi B Boekel
- Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judy N Jacobse
- Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Schaapveld
- Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC - Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jourik A Gietema
- Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9213 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frances K Duane
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Carolyn W Taylor
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Sarah C Darby
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Michael Hauptmann
- Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline M Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC - Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet H A Baaijens
- Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC - Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075 EA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabe S Sonke
- Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J T Rutgers
- Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola S Russell
- Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Berthe M P Aleman
- Radiation Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Flora E van Leeuwen
- Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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172
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Foote K, Reinhold J, Yu EPK, Figg NL, Finigan A, Murphy MP, Bennett MR. Restoring mitochondrial DNA copy number preserves mitochondrial function and delays vascular aging in mice. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12773. [PMID: 29745022 PMCID: PMC6052475 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the largest risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying vascular aging remain unclear. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage is linked to aging, but whether mtDNA damage or mitochondrial dysfunction is present and directly promotes vascular aging is unknown. Furthermore, mechanistic studies in mice are severely hampered by long study times and lack of sensitive, repeatable and reproducible parameters of arterial aging at standardized early time points. We examined the time course of multiple invasive and noninvasive arterial physiological parameters and structural changes of arterial aging in mice, how aging affects vessel mitochondrial function, and the effects of gain or loss of mitochondrial function on vascular aging. Vascular aging was first detected by 44 weeks (wk) of age, with reduced carotid compliance and distensibility, increased β-stiffness index and increased aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV). Aortic collagen content and elastin breaks also increased at 44 wk. Arterial mtDNA copy number (mtCN) and the mtCN-regulatory proteins TFAM, PGC1α and Twinkle were reduced by 44 wk, associated with reduced mitochondrial respiration. Overexpression of the mitochondrial helicase Twinkle (Tw+ ) increased mtCN and improved mitochondrial respiration in arteries, and delayed physiological and structural aging in all parameters studied. Conversely, mice with defective mitochondrial polymerase-gamma (PolG) and reduced mtDNA integrity demonstrated accelerated vascular aging. Our study identifies multiple early and reproducible parameters for assessing vascular aging in mice. Arterial mitochondrial respiration reduces markedly with age, and reduced mtDNA integrity and mitochondrial function directly promote vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Foote
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Johannes Reinhold
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Emma P. K. Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Nichola L. Figg
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Alison Finigan
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Martin R. Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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173
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Lewis MD, Francisco AF, Jayawardhana S, Langston H, Taylor MC, Kelly JM. Imaging the development of chronic Chagas disease after oral transmission. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11292. [PMID: 30050153 PMCID: PMC6062536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Transmission cycles are maintained by haematophagous triatomine bug vectors that carry infective T. cruzi in their faeces. Most human infections are acquired by contamination of mucosal membranes with triatomine faeces after being bitten, however, T. cruzi can be transmitted by several other routes. Oral transmission is an increasingly important aspect of Chagas disease epidemiology, typically involving food or drink products contaminated with triatomines. This has recently caused numerous outbreaks and been linked to unusually severe acute infections. The long-term impact of oral transmission on infection dynamics and disease pathogenesis is unclear. We used highly sensitive bioluminescence imaging and quantitative histopathology to study orally transmitted T. cruzi infections in mice. Both metacyclic and bloodform trypomastigotes were infectious via the oral cavity, but only metacyclics led to established infections by intra-gastric gavage. Mice displayed only mild acute symptoms but later developed significantly increased myocardial collagen content (p = 0.017), indicative of fibrosis. Gastrointestinal tissues and skin were the principal chronic infection reservoirs. Chronic phase parasite load profiles, tissue distribution and myocardial fibrosis severity were comparable to needle-injected controls. Thus, the oral route neither exacerbates nor ameliorates experimental Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lewis
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
| | - Amanda F Francisco
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Shiromani Jayawardhana
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Langston
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C Taylor
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - John M Kelly
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
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174
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Wei H, Malcor JDM, Harper MT. Lipid rafts are essential for release of phosphatidylserine-exposing extracellular vesicles from platelets. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9987. [PMID: 29968812 PMCID: PMC6030044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets protect the vascular system during damage or inflammation, but platelet activation can result in pathological thrombosis. Activated platelets release a variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs shed from the plasma membrane often expose phosphatidylserine (PS). These EVs are pro-thrombotic and increased in number in many cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The mechanisms by which PS-exposing EVs are shed from activated platelets are not well characterised. Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts provide a platform for coordinating signalling through receptors and Ca2+ channels in platelets. We show that cholesterol depletion with methyl-β-cyclodextrin or sequestration with filipin prevented the Ca2+-triggered release of PS-exposing EVs. Although calpain activity was required for release of PS-exposing, calpain-dependent cleavage of talin was not affected by cholesterol depletion. P2Y12 and TPα, receptors for ADP and thromboxane A2, respectively, have been reported to be in platelet lipid rafts. However, the P2Y12 antagonist, AR-C69931MX, or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, aspirin, had no effect on A23187-induced release of PS-exposing EVs. Together, these data show that lipid rafts are required for release of PS-exposing EVs from platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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175
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Hessenthaler A, Röhrle O, Nordsletten D. Validation of a non-conforming monolithic fluid-structure interaction method using phase-contrast MRI. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2017; 33:e2845. [PMID: 27813346 PMCID: PMC5574003 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper details the validation of a non-conforming arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian fluid-structure interaction technique using a recently developed experimental 3D fluid-structure interaction benchmark problem. Numerical experiments for steady and transient test cases of the benchmark were conducted employing an inf-sup stable and a general Galerkin scheme. The performance of both schemes is assessed. Spatial refinement with three mesh refinement levels and fluid domain truncation with two fluid domain lengths are studied as well as employing a sequence of increasing time step sizes for steady-state cases. How quickly an approximate steady-state or periodic steady-state is reached is investigated and quantified based on error norm computations. Comparison of numerical results with experimental phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging data shows very good overall agreement including governing of flow patterns observed in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hessenthaler
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE)University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 770569 StuttgartGermany
| | - Oliver Röhrle
- Institute of Applied Mechanics (CE)University of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 770569 StuttgartGermany
| | - David Nordsletten
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical EngineeringKing's College London4th Floor, Lambeth Wing St. Thomas Hospital London, SE1 7EHUK
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176
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Emanueli C, Shearn AIU, Laftah A, Fiorentino F, Reeves BC, Beltrami C, Mumford A, Clayton A, Gurney M, Shantikumar S, Angelini GD. Coronary Artery-Bypass-Graft Surgery Increases the Plasma Concentration of Exosomes Carrying a Cargo of Cardiac MicroRNAs: An Example of Exosome Trafficking Out of the Human Heart with Potential for Cardiac Biomarker Discovery. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154274. [PMID: 27128471 PMCID: PMC4851293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exosome nanoparticles carry a composite cargo, including microRNAs (miRs). Cultured cardiovascular cells release miR-containing exosomes. The exosomal trafficking of miRNAs from the heart is largely unexplored. Working on clinical samples from coronary-artery by-pass graft (CABG) surgery, we investigated if: 1) exosomes containing cardiac miRs and hence putatively released by cardiac cells increase in the circulation after surgery; 2) circulating exosomes and exosomal cardiac miRs correlate with cardiac troponin (cTn), the current “gold standard” surrogate biomarker of myocardial damage. Methods and Results The concentration of exosome-sized nanoparticles was determined in serial plasma samples. Cardiac-expressed (miR-1, miR-24, miR-133a/b, miR-208a/b, miR-210), non-cardiovascular (miR-122) and quality control miRs were measured in whole plasma and in plasma exosomes. Linear regression analyses were employed to establish the extent to which the circulating individual miRs, exosomes and exosomal cardiac miR correlated with cTn-I. Cardiac-expressed miRs and the nanoparticle number increased in the plasma on completion of surgery for up to 48 hours. The exosomal concentration of cardiac miRs also increased after CABG. Cardiac miRs in the whole plasma did not correlate significantly with cTn-I. By contrast cTn-I was positively correlated with the plasma exosome level and the exosomal cardiac miRs. Conclusions The plasma concentrations of exosomes and their cargo of cardiac miRs increased in patients undergoing CABG and were positively correlated with hs-cTnI. These data provide evidence that CABG induces the trafficking of exosomes from the heart to the peripheral circulation. Future studies are necessary to investigate the potential of circulating exosomes as clinical biomarkers in cardiac patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Emanueli
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Abas Laftah
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Fiorentino
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barnaby C. Reeves
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Beltrami
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Mumford
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Aled Clayton
- Institute of Cancer & Genetics, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Gurney
- Institute of Cancer & Genetics, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Saran Shantikumar
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gianni D. Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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177
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Masca NGD, Hensor EMA, Cornelius VR, Buffa FM, Marriott HM, Eales JM, Messenger MP, Anderson AE, Boot C, Bunce C, Goldin RD, Harris J, Hinchliffe RF, Junaid H, Kingston S, Martin-Ruiz C, Nelson CP, Peacock J, Seed PT, Shinkins B, Staples KJ, Toombs J, Wright AKA, Teare MD. RIPOSTE: a framework for improving the design and analysis of laboratory-based research. eLife 2015; 4:e05519. [PMID: 25951517 PMCID: PMC4461852 DOI: 10.7554/elife.05519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of reproducibility is an ongoing problem in some areas of the biomedical sciences. Poor experimental design and a failure to engage with experienced statisticians at key stages in the design and analysis of experiments are two factors that contribute to this problem. The RIPOSTE (Reducing IrreProducibility in labOratory STudiEs) framework has been developed to support early and regular discussions between scientists and statisticians in order to improve the design, conduct and analysis of laboratory studies and, therefore, to reduce irreproducibility. This framework is intended for use during the early stages of a research project, when specific questions or hypotheses are proposed. The essential points within the framework are explained and illustrated using three examples (a medical equipment test, a macrophage study and a gene expression study). Sound study design minimises the possibility of bias being introduced into experiments and leads to higher quality research with more reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas GD Masca
- Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth MA Hensor
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria R Cornelius
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca M Buffa
- Applied Computational Genomics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Marriott
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; The Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - James M Eales
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Messenger
- NIHR Diagnostic Evidence Co-Operative Leeds, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Amy E Anderson
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Boot
- Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Catey Bunce
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D Goldin
- Centre for Pathology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Harris
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rod F Hinchliffe
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Hiba Junaid
- Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Kingston
- Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Martin-Ruiz
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Peacock
- Division of Health and Social Care Research, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T Seed
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Shinkins
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Toombs
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam KA Wright
- Institute of Lung Health, Respiratory Biomedical Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - M Dawn Teare
- Sheffield School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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