76
|
Chen S, Lombard L, Roux J, Xie Y, Wingfield M, Zhou X. Novel species of Calonectria associated with Eucalyptus leaf blight in Southeast China. PERSOONIA 2011; 26:1-12. [PMID: 22025800 PMCID: PMC3160799 DOI: 10.3767/003158511x555236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Leaf blight caused by Calonectria spp. is an important disease occurring on Eucalyptus trees grown in plantations of Southeast Asia. Symptoms of leaf blight caused by Calonectria spp. have recently been observed in commercial Eucalyptus plantations in FuJian Province in Southeast China. The aim of this study was to identify these Calonectria spp. employing morphological characteristics, DNA sequence comparisons for the β-tubulin, histone H3 and translation elongation factor-1α gene regions and sexual compatibility. Four Calonectria spp. were identified, including Ca. pauciramosa and three novel taxa described here as Ca. crousiana, Ca. fujianensis and Ca. pseudocolhounii. Inoculation tests showed that all four Calonectria spp. found in this study were pathogenic on two different E. urophylla × E. grandis hybrid clones, commercially utilised in eucalypt plantations in China.
Collapse
|
77
|
Vanpouille-Box C, Lacoeuille F, Roux J, Aubé C, Garcion E, Lepareur N, Oberti F, Bouchet F, Noiret N, Garin E, Benoît JP, Couturier O, Hindré F. Lipid nanocapsules loaded with rhenium-188 reduce tumor progression in a rat hepatocellular carcinoma model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16926. [PMID: 21408224 PMCID: PMC3049769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their nanometric scale (50 nm) along with their biomimetic properties, lipid nanocapsules loaded with Rhenium-188 (LNC(188)Re-SSS) constitute a promising radiopharmaceutical carrier for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment as its size may improve tumor penetration in comparison with microspheres devices. This study was conducted to confirm the feasibility and to assess the efficacy of internal radiation with LNC(188)Re-SSS in a chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma rat model. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Animals were treated with an injection of LNC(188)Re-SSS (80 MBq or 120 MBq). The treated animals (80 MBq, n = 12; 120 MBq, n = 11) were compared with sham (n = 12), blank LNC (n = 7) and (188)Re-perrhenate (n = 4) animals. The evaluation criteria included rat survival, tumor volume assessment, and vascular endothelial growth factor quantification. Following treatment with LNC(188)Re-SSS (80 MBq) therapeutic efficiency was demonstrated by an increase in the median survival from 54 to 107% compared with control groups with up to 7 long-term survivors in the LNC(188)Re-SSS group. Decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the treated rats could indicate alterations in the angiogenesis process. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Overall, these results demonstrate that internal radiation with LNC(188)Re-SSS is a promising new strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
Collapse
|
78
|
Chen SF, Gryzenhout M, Roux J, Xie YJ, Wingfield MJ, Zhou XD. Identification and Pathogenicity of Chrysoporthe cubensis on Eucalyptus and Syzygium spp. in South China. PLANT DISEASE 2010; 94:1143-1150. [PMID: 30743729 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-94-9-1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The genus Chrysoporthe includes important pathogens of plantation-grown Eucalyptus spp. and has been reported from several tree genera in the order Myrtales in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. During disease surveys in South China, fruiting structures typical of Chrysoporthe spp. were observed on cankers on Eucalyptus spp. and Syzygium cumini trees. The aim of this study was to confirm the identity of the Chrysoporthe cubensis infecting the Eucalyptus spp. and S. cumini and to test the pathogenicity of the fungus. Following glasshouse trials to select virulent isolates, field inoculations were undertaken to screen different commercial Eucalyptus genotypes for their susceptibility to the fungus. Isolates were characterized based on their morphology and DNA sequence data for the β-tubulin and internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal DNA. Results showed that the putative pathogen represented the Asian form of C. cubensis, which occurred on numerous different Eucalyptus spp. and hybrid clones as well as S. cumini. Field inoculations showed that all six of the Eucalyptus genotypes tested are susceptible to infection by C. cubensis. Significant differences were observed between them, providing prospects to select disease-tolerant planting stock in the future.
Collapse
|
79
|
Roux J, Jolly T, Collet S, Birembaut P, Coraux C. Epithelial factors produced during the remodelling of the human airway epithelium. J Cyst Fibros 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(09)60096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
80
|
Heath RN, Wingfield MJ, Van Wyk M, Roux J. Insect associates of Ceratocystis albifundus and patterns of association in a native savanna ecosystem in South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2009; 38:356-364. [PMID: 19389283 DOI: 10.1603/022.038.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Species of Ceratocystis Ellis and Halstead s.l. include important plant pathogens such as C. albifundus Morris, De Beer, and M. J. Wingfield that causes a serious wilt disease of non-native, plantation-grown Acacia mearnsii De Wild. trees in Africa. The aim of this study was to identify the insects associated with C. albifundus in South Africa and to consider the means by which the pathogen spreads. Insects were collected weekly for 77 wk in a native ecosystem using modified pitfall traps. Trapped insects were identified, and fungi were isolated using carrot baiting and by plating them onto malt extract agar. Fungi were identified using morphological characteristics and DNA sequence comparisons. Three different nitidulid (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) beetles, Brachypeplus depressus Erichson, Carpophilus bisignatus Boheman, and Ca. hemipterus L, were collected, of which the most common were the Carpophilus spp. Two Ceratocystis spp., namely C. albifundus and C. oblonga R. N. Heath and Jolanda Roux, were isolated from all three insect species. Insect numbers and fungal isolates decreased significantly in the colder months of the year. Of the two Ceratocystis spp., C. oblonga was most abundant, occurring on 0.5% of the Carpophilus spp. C. albifundus was isolated from 1.1% of the Brachypeplus individuals and from 0.01% of the Carpophilus individuals. This study presents the first record of insects associated with C. albifundus and C. oblonga and provides an indication of environmental influences on fungal and insect populations, which could contribute to future disease management.
Collapse
|
81
|
Hervé J, Cunha AS, Liu B, Valogne Y, Longuet M, Boisgard R, Brégerie O, Roux J, Guettier C, Calès P, Tavitian B, Samuel D, Clerc J, Bréchot C, Faivre J. Internal radiotherapy of liver cancer with rat hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas gene as a liver tumor-specific promoter. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:915-26. [PMID: 18759560 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas (HIP) gene, also called pancreatitis-associated protein-1 (PAP1) or Reg IIIalpha, is activated in most human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) but not in normal liver, which suggests that HIP regulatory sequence could be used as efficient liver tumor-specific promoters to express a therapeutic polynucleotide in liver cancer. The sodium iodide symporter (NIS), which has recognized therapeutic and reporter gene properties, is appropriate to evaluate the transcriptional strength and specificity of the HIP promoter in HCC. For this purpose, we constructed a recombinant rat HIP-NIS adenoviral vector (AdrHIP-NIS), and evaluated its performance as a mediator of selective radioiodide uptake in tumor hepatocytes. Western blot, immunofluorescence, and iodide uptake assays were performed in AdrHIP-NIS-infected primary hepatocytes and transformed hepatic and nonhepatic cells. Nuclear imaging, tissue counting and immunohistochemistry were performed in normal and HCC-bearing Wistar rats infected with AdrHIP-NIS intratumorally or via the hepatic artery. In AdrHIP-NIS-infected transformed hepatic cells, functional NIS was strongly expressed, as in cells infected with a cytomegalovirus-NIS vector. No NIS expression was found in AdrHIP-NIS-infected normal hepatocytes or transformed nonhepatic cells. In rats bearing multinodular HCC, AdrHIP-NIS triggered functional NIS expression that was preferential in tumor hepatocytes. Administration of 18 mCi of (131)I resulted in the destruction of AdrHIP-NIS-injected nodules. This study has identified the rHIP regulatory sequence as a potent liver tumor-specific promoter for the transfer of therapeutic genes, and AdrHIP-NIS-mediated (131)I therapy as a valuable option for the treatment of multinodular HCC.
Collapse
|
82
|
Roux J, Jolly T, Lingee S, Birembaut P, Coraux C. Étude des facteurs épithéliaux intervenant dans la régénération et le remodelage de l’épithélium respiratoire humain. Rev Mal Respir 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(08)75053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
83
|
Carles M, Dellamonica J, Roux J, Lena D, Levraut J, Pittet JF, Boileau P, Raucoules-Aime M. Sevoflurane but not propofol increases interstitial glycolysis metabolites availability during tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion. Br J Anaesth 2007; 100:29-35. [PMID: 18029344 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aem321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) is one of the main pathophysiological phenomena involved in the anaesthetic practice. The authors hypothesized that anaesthetic regimens can influence skeletal muscle tolerance to tourniquet-induced I/R that should be reflected by the interstitial metabolite levels of anaerobic glycolysis. METHODS Microdialysis probes were implanted in three groups of 10 patients each receiving either sevoflurane (SEVO), propofol (PRO), or spinal (SA) anaesthesia (for induction and maintenance). SA group was considered as a control group. Interstitial fluid was obtained during tourniquet-induced I/R and was analysed for interstitial glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol. RESULTS The microdialysis flow rate was 0.5 microl min(-1). Compared with the control group, the SEVO group had a higher level of both lactate and pyruvate and an increase in glucose during ischaemia. In contrast, the PRO group had a lower level of pyruvate, resulting in a significant higher increase (eight times from baseline) of the lactate pyruvate ratio. Glucose level remained low in this group. During reperfusion, lactate, pyruvate, and glucose remained at a significantly higher level in the SEVO group. In the PRO group, there was no difference in lactate, pyruvate, and glucose levels compared with the control group. The interstitial level of glycerol exhibits only few and comparable changes during I/R between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that there is a better availability of interstitial glycolysis metabolites (glucose, lactate, and pyruvate) in the skeletal muscle during ischaemia and reperfusion after sevoflurane exposure than after propofol, suggesting a potential preconditioning effect of sevoflurane on tourniquet-induced skeletal muscle I/R.
Collapse
|
84
|
Coraux C, Jolly T, Roux J, Lingee S, Laplace V, Birembaut P. 016 Modèle d’étude de la régénération de l’épithélium respiratoire bronchiolaire humain. Rev Mal Respir 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(07)74307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
85
|
Lacoeuille F, Hindre F, Moal F, Roux J, Passirani C, Couturier O, Cales P, Le Jeune JJ, Lamprecht A, Benoit JP. In vivo evaluation of lipid nanocapsules as a promising colloidal carrier for paclitaxel. Int J Pharm 2007; 344:143-9. [PMID: 17646066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel-loaded lipid nanocapsules (PX-LNC) exhibit interesting in vitro characteristics with improved antitumoral activity compared with free PX formulation. Biodistribution studies were realized with the use of (14)C-trimyristin ((14)C-TM) or (14)C-phosphatidylcholine ((14)C-PC) whereas antitumoral activity of PX-LNC formulations was based on the animal survival in a chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model in Wistar rats. Blood concentration-time profiles for both labeled (14)C-TM-LNC and (14)C-PC-LNC were similar; the t(1/2) and MRT values (over 2h and close to 3h, respectively, for both formulations) indicated the long circulating properties of the LNC carrier with a slow distribution and elimination phase. Survival curves of paclitaxel treated groups showed a statistical significant difference compared to the control survival curve (P=0.0036 and 0.0408). Animals treated with 4x 70 mg/m(2) of PX-LNC showed the most significant increase in mean survival times compared to the controls (IST(mean) 72%) and cases of long-term survivors were preferentially observed in the PX-LNC treated group (37.5%; 3/8). These results demonstrate the great interest to use LNC as drug delivery system for paclitaxel, permitting with an equivalent therapeutic efficiency to avoid the use of excipients such as polyoxyethylated castor oil for its formulation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Area Under Curve
- Biological Availability
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Colloids
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Compounding
- Half-Life
- Lipids
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/mortality
- Nanocapsules
- Paclitaxel/administration & dosage
- Paclitaxel/pharmacokinetics
- Paclitaxel/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Survival Rate
Collapse
|
86
|
Aubé C, Moal F, Oberti F, Roux J, Croquet V, Gallois Y, Argaud C, Caron C, Calès P. Diagnosis and measurement of liver fibrosis by MRI in bile duct ligated rats. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:2601-9. [PMID: 17429735 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The noninvasive evaluation of liver fibrosis is a major clinical goal in liver diseases. Our aim was to identify MRI parameters to quantify liver fibrosis in vivo in an animal model of liver fibrosis with slight inflammation. We evaluated serum hyaluronate, liver hydroxyproline, area of liver fibrosis (image analysis), and 1.5-T MRI in 10 sham rats and 24 bile duct ligated rats with different stages of liver fibrosis. Liver signal intensity (SI)/muscle SI ratio and liver relaxation times (rT) were measured on T1 and T2 weighted sequences at different echo (TE) or recovery (RT) times of MRI. Among the 66 MRI parameters tested, the highest correlation with the area of fibrosis was observed for rT2 (r=0.78, P < 0.01). The area of liver fibrosis was independently predicted by five MRI variables (adjusted R (2)=0.78, with R (2)=0.64 for rT2 and rT1). Diagnostic accuracy for liver fibrosis was 100% using two variables: liver/muscle SI ratio on T2 at 30-ms TE and liver/muscle SI ratio on T1 at 50-ms RT. We conclude that in this animal model, fibrosis could be diagnosed with an accuracy of 100% using two MRI parameters. The quantification of liver fibrosis was very accurate either with only one MRI parameter (r=0.78 for rT2) or with five parameters (r=0.90) in this cholestatic model.
Collapse
|
87
|
Liu B, Hervé J, Bioulac-Sage P, Valogne Y, Roux J, Yilmaz F, Boisgard R, Guettier C, Calès P, Tavitian B, Samuel D, Clerc J, Bréchot C, Faivre J. Sodium iodide symporter is expressed at the preneoplastic stages of liver carcinogenesis and in human cholangiocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:1495-503. [PMID: 17408651 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The ability of thyroid cells to take up iodide, which enables (131)I radiotherapy for thyroid cancer, is due to the expression of the sodium iodide symporter at their plasma membrane. Expression of this symporter has been found in some nonthyroid cancers. However, it is mostly accumulated in the cytoplasm, and its functionality has not been demonstrated. We have investigated sodium iodide symporter expression and functionality in human liver cancer, and in a diethylnitrosamine induced Wistar rat model of primary liver cancer at different stages of carcinogenesis. METHODS Sodium iodide symporter mRNA and protein were studied in tissues from patients with hepatocellular- or cholangio-carcinomas using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunoblot, and immunohistochemistry. We studied the dynamics of hepatic iodine uptake in the animal model using nuclear imaging. RESULTS Sodium iodide symporter expression showed up in all 20 cholangiocarcinomas, but in only 2 of the 26 hepatocellular carcinomas, investigated. It was also found in normal bile duct cells and in the ductular reaction present in cirrhotic tissues. It was located at the plasma membrane in 10 of 20 cholangiocarcinoma. In rat liver cancer, a functional sodium iodide symporter expression was triggered as from the early preneoplastic steps, and was amplified during clonal tumor cell expansion, allowing complete tumor suppression after (131)I radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of human cholangiocarcinomas expresses membrane sodium iodide symporter, which may permit radioiodine therapy. Our data also suggest that (131)I acts on a crucial target for liver cancer development.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoradiography
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/genetics
- Bile Duct Neoplasms/metabolism
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cholangiocarcinoma/diagnosis
- Cholangiocarcinoma/genetics
- Cholangiocarcinoma/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Iodine
- Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/diagnosis
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Symporters/biosynthesis
- Symporters/genetics
- Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Collapse
|
88
|
Nakabonge G, Roux J, Gryzenhout M, Wingfield MJ. Distribution of Chrysoporthe Canker Pathogens on Eucalyptus and Syzygium spp. in Eastern and Southern Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2006; 90:734-740. [PMID: 30781232 DOI: 10.1094/pd-90-0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chrysoporthe cubensis and C. austroafricana, collectively known as Cryphonectria cubensis in the past, are important canker pathogens of Eucalyptus spp. worldwide. Previous studies have suggested that Chrysoporthe austroafricana occurs only in South Africa, whereas C. cubensis occurs in Australia, Cameroon, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of Congo, Southeast Asia, and South, Central, and North America. In South Africa, C. austroafricana is a pathogen on nonnative Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) and Tibouchina (Melastomataceae) spp., both residing in the order Myrtales. Recently, the fungus also has been found on native Syzygium cordatum trees in the country, leading to the hypothesis that it is native to Africa. In contrast, C. cubensis is thought to have been introduced into Africa and is known only on non-native Eucalyptus spp. and S. aromaticum (clove) in four countries. The aim of this study was to consider the distribution of Chrysoporthe spp. on non-native Eucalyptus spp. as well as on native Myrtales in southern and eastern Africa. Isolates were collected from as many trees as possible and characterized based on their morphology and DNA sequence data for two gene regions. Results show, for the first time, that C. cubensis occurs in Kenya, Malawi, and Mozambique on nonnative Eucalyptus spp. C. austroafricana was found for the first time in Mozambique, Malawi, and Zambia on non-native Eucalyptus spp. and native S. cordatum. The known distribution range of C. austroafricana within South Africa also was extended during these surveys.
Collapse
|
89
|
Heath RN, Gryzenhout M, Roux J, Wingfield MJ. Discovery of the Canker Pathogen Chrysoporthe austroafricana on Native Syzygium spp. in South Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2006; 90:433-438. [PMID: 30786590 DOI: 10.1094/pd-90-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chrysoporthe canker is one of the most important diseases of plantation-grown Eucalyptus spp. in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. For many years, the disease was reported to be caused by the fungal pathogen Cryphonectria cubensis. Recent DNA-based studies have shown that the fungus in South Africa is not conspecific with Chr. cubensis and it was recently described in the new genus Chrysoporthe as Chrysoporthe austroafricana. Chr. austroafricana is known only from South Africa, where it causes severe cankers on Eucalyptus spp. and on ornamental Tibouchina trees, both of which have been introduced into South Africa. The origin of Chr. austroafricana is unknown, but it is possible that it expanded its host range from native trees related to Eucalyptus and Tibouchina spp. to these exotic hosts. Subsequent surveys of some indigenous South African Myrtales led to the discovery of fruiting structures resembling those of Chr. austroafricana on native Syzygium cordatum and S. guineense. The fungus from these Syzygium spp. was identified as Chr. austroafricana based on morphological characteristics and β-tubulin gene sequences. Pathogenicity trials showed that Chr. austroafricana is more virulent on exotic Eucalyptus spp. than on native S. cordatum. This study represents the first report of Chr. austroafricana from native hosts in South Africa and adds credence to the view that the fungus could be native to this country.
Collapse
|
90
|
Binzoni T, Courvoisier C, Giust R, Tribillon G, Gharbi T, Hebden JC, Leung TS, Roux J, Delpy DT. Anisotropic photon migration in human skeletal muscle. Phys Med Biol 2006; 51:N79-90. [PMID: 16481676 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/51/5/n01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated in the short head of the human biceps brachii of 16 healthy subjects (12 males and 4 females) that near infrared photon migration is anisotropic. The probability for a photon to travel along the direction of the muscle fibres is higher (approximately 0.4) than that of travelling along a perpendicular axis (approximately 0.3) while in the adipose tissue the probability is the same (approximately 0.33) in all directions. Considering that the muscle fibre orientation is different depending on the type of muscle considered, and that inside a given skeletal muscle the orientation may change, the present findings in part might explain the intrasubject variability observed in the physiological parameters measured by near infrared spectroscopy techniques. In other words, the observed regional differences might not only be physiological differences but also optical artefacts.
Collapse
|
91
|
Andreoletti L, Jacques J, Agouli M, Moreti H, Brodard V, Motte J, Roux J. Expression of C-C and CXC-chemokines by enterovirus-infected lower airway epithelial cells. J Clin Virol 2006. [PMCID: PMC7172246 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
92
|
Roux J, Coetzee MPA. First Report of Pink Disease on Native Trees in South Africa and Phylogenetic Placement of Erythricium salmonicolor in the Homobasidiomycetes. PLANT DISEASE 2005; 89:1158-1163. [PMID: 30786437 DOI: 10.1094/pd-89-1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Erythricium salmonicolor causes a canker and die-back disease, commonly known as pink disease, on many tree species. During an investigation of diseases of Podocarpus henkellii and P. latifolius in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa, typical symptoms of pink disease were observed on the branches of these trees. Stem and branch cankers covered with cracked bark and abundant pink mycelial growth were common on the affected trees. In subsequent surveys, the disease was also found on native Dais cotonifolia in the same area, as well as on native Ekebergia capensis and Maesa lanceolata in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands. Phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal large subunit DNA sequence data were used to confirm the identity of the pathogen and obtain an indication of its phylogenetic placement within the Homobasidiomycetes. Isolates from all the native hosts recorded in this study, as well as from exotic Eucalyptus sp. and Acacia mearnsii, formed a strongly supported clade together with isolates from other parts of the world. Results confirmed that the pathogen in South Africa is Erythricium salmonicolor. Isolates from South Africa and Ethiopia grouped closely together, slightly different from E. salmonicolor isolates from the rest of the world. Our data also suggest that the genus name for E. salmonicolor possibly should be reconsidered because it groups separately from E. laetum or Corticium roseum. Phylogenetic analyses further indicated that the genus Erythricium is most closely related to Marchandiomyces aurantiacus, M. lignicola, C. roseum, E. laetum, Dendrothele maculata, D. roseacarneum, Vuilleminia comedens, V. macrospora, Punctularia strigoso-zonata and Galzinia incrustans. These genera form a separate subclade, the corticioid clade, within the Homobasidiomycetes. Pink disease is potentially important in South Africa because it affects a wide range of native and exotic tree species, and this study provides a foundation for further research.
Collapse
|
93
|
Garin E, Denizot B, Roux J, Noiret N, Lepareur N, Moreau M, Mesba A, Laurent JF, Herry JY, Bourguet P, Benoit JP, Lejeune JJ. Effect of Stabilized Iodized Oil Emulsion on Experimentally Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2005; 16:841-8. [PMID: 15947048 DOI: 10.1097/01.rvi.0000156192.89569.0c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that the use of Lipiodol UltraFluid (LUF) emulsified with water leads to an increase in the tumoral uptake of iodine I 131-labeled LUF and reduced pulmonary uptake. Although emulsions containing LUF are currently used for chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), this approach is impossible with intraarterial radiation therapy (RT) because of the problems of radiation protection linked to instability of the emulsions. The aims of this study were to develop stabilized emulsions of radiolabeled LUF of different particle sizes and viscosities and to study its biodistribution in rats with HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS An emulsifier made of polyethylene glycol and hydrogenated castor oil was used to stabilize emulsions containing water and technetium Tc 99m-labeled Super Six Sulfur LUF. The various emulsions were injected in the hepatic arteries of rats with HCC. Twenty-four hours after injection, the rats were killed and the liver, tumor, and lungs were removed to perform ex-vivo gamma-counting to quantify tumoral, hepatic, and pulmonary uptake. RESULTS Emulsions of oil in water and water in oil of different viscosities (0.68-1.06 Pa.S) and particle size distributions (21-45 mum) were prepared and kept stable for more than 24 hours. Whatever the type of emulsion, the observed effect on tumoral uptake was the opposite of that expected. Indeed, a decrease in tumoral activity was observed (P < .05 in three of five cases) and a tendency toward increased pulmonary activity was observed (P < .05 in two of five cases) rather than any significant decrease. CONCLUSIONS This study made it possible to develop emulsions of radiolabeled iodized oil that remain stable for more than 24 hours. However, studies of biodistribution in rats with HCC failed to demonstrate any improvement in tumoral targeting, but rather showed a decrease in tumoral uptake that renders this approach impractical for intraarterial radiolabeled iodized oil RT as well as for intraarterial iodized oil chemoembolization. These results may possibly be explained by the use of an emulsifier containing lipophilic and hydrophilic components that modify the properties of LUF.
Collapse
|
94
|
Esterre P, Vigneron E, Roux J. [The history of lymphatic filarlasis control programme in French Polynesia: lessons from a 50 years effort]. BULLETIN DE LA SOCIETE DE PATHOLOGIE EXOTIQUE (1990) 2005; 98:41-50. [PMID: 15915973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
With a mean prevalence of microfilariaemia superior to 15% in the four archipelagos of the territory French Polynesia was confronted with a huge public health problem of Wuchereria bancrofti - associated filarias during the 50s. Supported by a strong US sponsoring, a large scale control campaign based on diethylcarbamazine (DEC) distribution was launched and led to the method of spaced doses (the most useful protocol being one annual DEC dose). Progressively applied to the whole Polynesian population since 1974, this very innovative programme had generated the idea of a possible eradication of the parasitosis. Meanwhile at laboratory level important progress in Immunology (mainly the validation of rapid diagnosis tests detecting a specific antigenemia) and later in Molecular Biology (with the main application being the follow-up of the infection status of the vector Aedes polynesiensis) questioned this optimistic concept (one lesson given by the study of Maupiti island, considered as a 0% reference island for a long time). More recently a regional WHO-sponsorized control programme, called PacELF, has for main objective the elimination of lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem in the South Pacific region near 2010. This objective argues for using a (DEC and albendazole) drug combination cumulating micro- and macro-filaricid activities. The dream of a lymphatic filariasis free Pacific is coming back again.
Collapse
|
95
|
Chapon C, Franconi F, Roux J, Le Jeune JJ, Lemaire L. Prenatal evaluation of kidney function in mice using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 209:263-7. [PMID: 15864642 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-004-0451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glomerular differentiation starts as soon as embryonic stage 12 in mice and suggests that kidneys may be functional at this stage. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance microscopy, a noninvasive imaging technique, was used to assess renal function establishment in utero. Indeed, in adults (n = 3), an intravenous injection of gadolinium-DOTA induced in a first step a massive and rapid drop in kidney signal intensity followed, in a second step, by a drop in bladder signal intensity. The delay in signal changes between kidney and bladder reflected glomerular filtration. Pregnant mice underwent anatomical and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance microscopy on postcoital days 12-13 (n = 2), 13-14 (n = 1), 14-15 (n = 3), 15-16 (n = 2), 16-17 (n = 3), 17-18 (n = 3), and 18-19 (n = 1). Kidneys and bladder were unambiguously depicted prior to contrast agent injection on stage 15-16 embryos. Contrast agent injection allowed kidney, detection as early as stage 12-13 but not bladder. Kinetics of signal changes demonstrated that glomerular filtration is established at embryonic stage 15-16 in mice. Thus, anatomical and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance microscopy may be a powerful noninvasive method for in vivo prenatal developmental and functional studies.
Collapse
|
96
|
Faivre J, Clerc J, Gérolami R, Hervé J, Longuet M, Liu B, Roux J, Moal F, Perricaudet M, Bréchot C. Long-term radioiodine retention and regression of liver cancer after sodium iodide symporter gene transfer in wistar rats. Cancer Res 2004; 64:8045-51. [PMID: 15520214 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radioiodine therapy of nonthyroid cancers after sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene delivery has been proposed as a potential application of gene therapy. However, it seems to be precluded by the rapid efflux of taken up iodine from most transduced xenografted tumors. We present an in vivo kinetic study of NIS-related hepatic iodine uptake in an aggressive model of hepatocarcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine in immunocompetent Wistar rats. We followed the whole-body iodine distribution by repeated imaging of live animals. We constructed a rat NIS (rNIS) adenoviral vector, Ad-CMV-rNIS, using the cytomegalovirus (CMV) as a promoter. Injected in the portal vein in 5 healthy and 25 hepatocarcinoma-bearing rats and liver tumors in 9 hepatocarcinoma-bearing rats, Ad-CMV-rNIS drove expression of a functional NIS protein by hepatocytes and allowed marked (from 20 to 30% of the injected dose) and sustained (>11 days) iodine uptake. This contrasts with the massive iodine efflux found in vitro in human hepatic tumor cell lines. In vivo specific inhibition of NIS by sodium perchlorate led to a rapid iodine efflux from the liver, indicating that the sustained uptake was not attributable to an active retention mechanism but to permanent recycling of the effluent radioiodine via the high hepatic blood flow. Radioiodine therapy after Ad-CMV-rNIS administration achieved a strong inhibition of tumor growth, the complete regression of small nodules, and prolonged survival of hepatocarcinoma-bearing rats. This demonstrates for the first time the efficacy of NIS-based radiotherapy in a relevant preclinical model of nonthyroid human carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
97
|
Lee H, Pespeni M, Roux J, Dennery PA, Matthay MA, Pittet JF. HO-1 induction restores c-AMP-dependent lung epithelial fluid transport following severe hemorrhage in rats. FASEB J 2004; 19:287-9. [PMID: 15550551 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-2254fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of cAMP-dependent stimulation of the vectorial fluid transport across the lung epithelium following hemorrhagic shock is mediated by NO released within the airspaces of the lung. We tested here the hypothesis that prior induction of HO-1 would attenuate the release of NO in the airspaces, thus preventing the inhibition of the c-AMP stimulation of alveolar fluid clearance (ALC) in rats. Indeed, HO-1 induction restored the cAMP-mediated up-regulation of ALC after hemorrhage by decreasing NO released within the airspaces of the lung. In vitro studies demonstrated that HO-1 induction significantly reduced the iNOS-mediated release of NO by alveolar macrophages stimulated with endotoxin for 24 h. This effect is explained in part by a HO-1-dependent attenuation of the LPS-mediated nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. In addition, HO-1 induction also significantly reduced the iNOS-mediated release of NO by MH-S cells that were stimulated with interferon-gamma by decreasing the phosphorylation of STAT 1, another transcription factor important for the activation of the iNOS promoter. In contrast, HO-1 induction did not affect the production of NO by rat alveolar epithelial type II cells that were stimulated with cytomix (a mixture of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma) for 24 h. In summary, these results provide the first in vivo evidence that the induction of HO-1 in the lung restores a normal fluid transport capacity of the alveolar epithelium following hemorrhagic shock by inhibiting the iNOS-mediated release of NO by alveolar macrophages.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biological Transport/physiology
- Body Fluids/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endotoxins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Enzyme Activation/physiology
- Enzyme Induction/physiology
- Epithelial Cells/enzymology
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelium/metabolism
- Heat-Shock Response/physiology
- Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/metabolism
- Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)/physiology
- Heme Oxygenase-1
- Hemodynamics/physiology
- Hemorrhage/enzymology
- Hemorrhage/pathology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Janus Kinase 1
- Lung/enzymology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/physiology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/enzymology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism
- Male
- NF-kappa B/physiology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Pulmonary Alveoli/enzymology
- Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism
- Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology
- Pulmonary Alveoli/physiology
- Pulmonary Gas Exchange/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- STAT1 Transcription Factor
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/enzymology
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/metabolism
- Shock, Hemorrhagic/pathology
- Trans-Activators
Collapse
|
98
|
Lamprecht A, Saumet JL, Roux J, Benoit JP. Lipid nanocarriers as drug delivery system for ibuprofen in pain treatment. Int J Pharm 2004; 278:407-14. [PMID: 15196644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2003] [Revised: 03/15/2004] [Accepted: 03/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to their small size, lipid nanocapsules (LNC) might be promising for an injectable as well as for an oral drug delivery system, providing both sufficient drug solubility avoiding vessel embolisation for the intravenous injection and a positive effect of drug absorption after oral administration. Biocompatible ibuprofen LNC were developed in a size range of around 50 nm with a new preparation method. Drug incorporation into LNC was successful to a high degree in all formulations tested (94-98%) and the in vitro drug release in phosphate buffer occurred within 24 h. Pharmacokinetic data were recorded in vivo from rats after intravenous or oral administration, while the antinociceptive efficiency of the LNC formulation was compared with ibuprofen solution by the tail flick test. The AUC and half-life of intravenously injected ibuprofen LNC were found to be 16 and 19%, respectively, higher than a simple drug solution, while the mean residence time was not changed. Oral administration of LNC showed an 18% increase of AUC and a 27% higher mean residence time. The antinociceptive effect was similar for oral administration, drug solution, and LNC at 30 min after administration, and was prolonged up to 4 h in the LNC group. The pain relief after intravenous administration was prolonged when administering LNC formulation for at least 2 h. A drug delivery system for intravenous administration of ibuprofen has been developed which exhibits sustained release properties by either oral or intravenous route and may be interesting in the treatment of postoperative pain.
Collapse
|
99
|
Baugé J, Pain F, Barbieux C, Biju C, Buisson A, Damas M, Dupont S, Huguet C, Le Floch M, Mailliez G, Potreau M, Renaud C, Rosmorduc B, Roux J, Torchut B. Harcèlement au travail : étude des cas rencontrés en service interentreprises et du devenir de ces salariés un an après la dernière consultation. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1775-8785(04)93167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
100
|
Marrama L, Jambou R, Rakotoarivony I, Leong Pock Tsi JM, Duchemin JB, Laventure S, Mouchet J, Roux J. Malaria transmission in Southern Madagascar: influence of the environment and hydro-agricultural works in sub-arid and humid regions. Part 1. Entomological investigations. Acta Trop 2004; 89:193-203. [PMID: 14732241 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2003.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year entomological study was carried out in Southern Madagascar to identify malaria vectors, evaluate the transmission and compare the influence of irrigation in the sub-arid and adjacent humid regions. Three villages were involved in this entomological survey: Androvasoa (located in the natural sub-arid ecosystem), Pépiniére (sited at the centre of an irrigated rice scheme in the sub-arid region) and Esana (bordered with rice fields in the humid region). Mosquitoes were collected inside and outside dwellings when landing on human beings, with light traps and with knockdown indoor sprays. Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles merus and Anopheles funestus were found in every village while Anopheles gambiae s.s. was only found in the village bordering the rice-fields (Pépiniére) and Anopheles mascarensis, a mosquito native to Madagascar, was only found in the humid region (Esana). In Pépiniére, the annual entomological inoculation rate (EIR) was low (EIR=0.4 infective bites/man/year (IBM)). In the irrigated scheme of the sub-arid region, malaria transmission was 150 times higher (mean EIR=63 IBM) than in the natural ecosystem and A. funestus was the main vector, responsible for 90% of infective bites. In Esana, the level of malaria transmission was high (EIR=41 IBM) and 2/3 of the infective bites were due to A. mascarensis, despite the presence of A. gambiae s.s. and A. funestus. These results are discussed with reference to the impact of irrigation on malaria in Africa ("the paddies paradox").
Collapse
|