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Ghanim H, Dandona P. Comment on Vandal et al. Insulin Reverses the High-Fat Diet-Induced Increase in Brain Aβ and Improves Memory in an Animal Model of Alzheimer Disease. Diabetes 2014;63:4291-4301. Diabetes 2015; 64:e17. [PMID: 26106201 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Guo J, Breen DM, Pereira TJ, Dalvi PS, Zhang H, Mori Y, Ghanim H, Tumiati L, Fantus IG, Bendeck MP, Dandona P, Rao V, Dolinsky VW, Heximer SP, Giacca A. The effect of insulin to decrease neointimal growth after arterial injury is endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:111-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dandona P, Ghanim H, Sia CL, Green K, Abuaysheh S, Dhindsa S, Chaudhuri A, Makdissi A. A mixed anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory response associated with a high dose of corticosteroids. Curr Mol Med 2015; 14:793-801. [PMID: 25056537 DOI: 10.2174/1566524014666140724105557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hydrocortisone, at a low dose (100 mg), induces an anti-inflammatory response including inducing IkBα and suppressing intranuclear NFκB and AP-1 binding and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators like MMPs. We have now investigated the effect of a high dose of hydrocortisone (300mg=60 mg prednisolone) on NFκB binding and the expression of TLRs, the mediators of TLR signal transduction, MyD88 and TRIF and HMG-B1. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS A 300mg of hydrocortisone or saline was injected intravenously in ten normal subjects during 2 separate visits, in a randomized crossover study. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 1, 4, 6 and 24h after the injection and mononuclear cells (MNC) were prepared. RESULTS There was a significant increase in glucose (from 92±4 to 116±6 mg/dl), insulin (from 4.5±0.7 to 5.3±0.8 mU/ml) and FFA concentrations (from 0.38±0.1 to 0.80±0.15mM) following the administration of hydrocortisone compared to placebo treatment. While NFκB binding and the mRNA expression of MyD88, TRIF, chemokines and chemokine receptors were suppressed significantly in MNC, there was a paradoxical increase in the mRNA expression of TLR 2, 5 and 9 and HMG-B1 was increased by 103±24%, 107±19%, 56±13% and 58±12% above the baseline, respectively in the MNC. Plasma concentrations of HMG-B1 and MMP-9 increased by 37±12% and 125±22%, respectively, while TNF-α concentrations fell by 27±9%. CONCLUSION While this high dose of hydrocortisone exerts a powerful anti-inflammatory effect, it also exerts certain proinflammatory effects mainly on TLRs expression. The known pro-inflammatory effects of glucose and FFAs may have contributed to these effects. These paradoxical pro-inflammatory effects may account for the inability of these drugs to show benefit in clinical trials of septicemia and other severe pro-inflammatory states and might contribute to some of the side effects of corticosteroids use.
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Thethi TK, Bajwa MA, Ghanim H, Jo C, Weir M, Goldfine AB, Umpierrez G, Desouza C, Dandona P, Fang-Hollingsworth Y, Raghavan V, Fonseca VA. Effect of paricalcitol on endothelial function and inflammation in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:433-7. [PMID: 25633573 PMCID: PMC4392813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have impaired endothelial function. Vitamin D and its analogs may play a role in regulation of endothelial function and inflammation. We studied effects of paricalcitol compared to placebo on endothelial function and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with T2DM and CKD. METHODS A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 60 patients with T2DM and stage 3 or 4 CKD. Paricalcitol 1 mcg or placebo was administered orally once daily for three months. Brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (FMD), nitroglycerine mediated dilation (NMD), and plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor -α and interleukin-6, highly-sensitive C-reactive protein; endothelial surface proteins, intercellular adhesion molecule -1 and monocyte chemo attractant protein-1, and plasma glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, and urinary isoprostane were measured at baseline and end of three months. RESULTS 27 patients in the paricalcitol group and 28 patients in the control group completed the study, though analysis of FMD at both time points was possible in 23 patients in each group. There was no significant difference in the change in FMD, NMD or the biomarkers examined after paricalcitol or placebo treatment. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with paricalcitol at this dose and duration did not affect brachial artery FMD or biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. The lack of significance may be due to the fact that the study patients had advanced CKD and that effects of paricalcitol are not additive to the effects of glycemic, lipid and anti-hypertensive therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- C-Reactive Protein/analysis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/blood
- Diabetic Nephropathies/complications
- Diabetic Nephropathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology
- Double-Blind Method
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Ergocalciferols/pharmacology
- Ergocalciferols/therapeutic use
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation/complications
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/physiopathology
- Insulin/blood
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Placebos
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/blood
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology
- Young Adult
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Dandona P, Dhindsa S, Chandel A, Chaudhuri A. Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism in Men with Type 2 Diabetes. Postgrad Med 2015; 121:45-51. [DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2009.05.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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81
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Dandona P, Ghanim H, Abuaysheh S, Green K, Batra M, Dhindsa S, Makdissi A, Patel R, Chaudhuri A. Decreased insulin secretion and incretin concentrations and increased glucagon concentrations after a high-fat meal when compared with a high-fruit and -fiber meal. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E185-91. [PMID: 25406260 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00275.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations. Ten healthy normal subjects were given either a 910-calorie HFHC meal or an American Heart Association (AHA) meal rich in fruit and fiber during the first visit and the other meal during the second visit in crossover design. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180, and 300 min following the meal. There was a significantly greater increase in glucose concentrations and lower increase in postprandial insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin concentrations and lower insulin/glucose ratios following the HFHC meal. HFHC meal intake induced marked increases in plasma glucagon and DPP-IV concentrations and an increase in CD26 mRNA expression in MNC compared with the AHA meal. In addition, the HFHC meal induced a reduction in GIP and peak GLP-1 secretion compared with the AHA meal. This was associated with a significantly greater increase in oxidative stress and proinflammatory mediators including, ROS generation, TNFα, and IL-1β mRNA expression and plasma concentrations of TBARS, FFA, and LPS. We conclude that the proinflammatory HFHC meals result in lower insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, and GIP secretion in association with higher plasma glucagon and DPP-IV concentrations and CD26 expression in MNC compared with the AHA meal.
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Ghanim H, Green K, Abuaysheh S, Batra M, Kuhadiya ND, Patel R, Makdissi A, Dhindsa S, Chaudhuri A, Dandona P. Suppressive effect of insulin on the gene expression and plasma concentrations of mediators of asthmatic inflammation. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:202406. [PMID: 25642424 PMCID: PMC4302348 DOI: 10.1155/2015/202406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Following our recent demonstration that the chronic inflammatory and insulin resistant state of obesity is associated with an increase in the expression of mediators known to contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma and that weight loss after gastric bypass surgery results in the reduction of these genes, we have now hypothesized that insulin suppresses the cellular expression and plasma concentrations of these mediators. METHODS The expression of IL-4, LIGHT, LTBR, ADAM-33, and TSLP in MNC and plasma concentrations of LIGHT, TGF-β1, MMP-9, MCP-1, TSLP, and NOM in obese patients with T2DM were measured before, during, and after the infusion of a low dose (2 U/h) infusion of insulin for 4 hours. The patients were also infused with dextrose or saline for 4 hours on two separate visits and served as controls. Results. Following insulin infusion, the mRNA expression of IL-4, ADAM-33, LIGHT, and LTBR mRNA expression fell significantly (P < 0.05 for all). There was also a concomitant reduction in plasma NOM, LIGHT, TGF-β1, MCP-1, and MMP-9 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Insulin suppresses the expression of these genes and mediators related to asthma and may, therefore, have a potential role in the treatment of asthma.
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Chaudhuri A, Kuhadiya N, Ghanim H, Dandona P. Comment on Sarkar et al. Exenatide treatment for 6 months improves insulin sensitivity in adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes care 2014;37:666-670. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:e218. [PMID: 25249680 DOI: 10.2337/dc14-1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Kuhadiya ND, Malik R, Bellini NJ, Patterson JL, Traina A, Makdissi A, Dandona P. Liraglutide as additional treatment to insulin in obese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract 2014; 19:963-7. [PMID: 23807520 DOI: 10.4158/ep13065.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because approximately 40% of patients with type 1 diabetes have the metabolic syndrome, we tested the hypothesis that addition of liraglutide to insulin in obese patients with type 1 diabetes will result in an improvement in plasma glucose concentrations, a reduction in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), a fall in systolic blood pressure, and weight loss. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of data obtained from 27 obese patients with type 1 diabetes treated with liraglutide in addition to insulin. Patients were also treated for hypertension. Paired t tests were used to compare the changes in HbA1c, insulin doses, body weight, body mass index, 4-week mean blood glucose concentrations (28-day insulin pump mean blood glucose), blood pressure, and lipid parameters prior to and 180 ± 14 days after liraglutide therapy. RESULTS Mean glucose concentrations fell from 191 ± 6 to 170 ± 6 mg/dL (P = .002). HbA1c fell from 7.89 ± 0.13% to 7.46 ± 0.13% (P = .001), without an increase in frequency of hypoglycemia. Mean body weight fell from 96.20 ± 3.68 kg to 91.56 ± 3.78 kg (P<.0001). Daily total and bolus doses of insulin fell from 73 ± 6 to 60 ± 4 (P = .008) units and from 40 ± 5 to 29 ± 3 units (P = .011), respectively. Mean systolic blood pressure fell from 130 ± 3 to 120 ± 4 mm Hg (P = .020). CONCLUSION Addition of liraglutide to insulin in obese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus leads to improvements in glycemic control and HbA1c and to reductions in insulin dose, systolic blood pressure, and body weight.
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Dhindsa S, Batra M, Kuhadiya N, Dandona P. Oestradiol concentrations are not elevated in obesity-associated hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80:464. [PMID: 23647503 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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89
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Dandona P, Ghanim H, Monte SV, Caruana JA, Green K, Abuaysheh S, Lohano T, Schentag J, Dhindsa S, Chaudhuri A. Increase in the mediators of asthma in obesity and obesity with type 2 diabetes: reduction with weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:356-62. [PMID: 23804543 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the expression of key asthma related genes, IL-4, LIGHT, LTBR, MMP-9, CCR-2, and ADAM-33 in mononuclear cells and the plasma concentration of nitric oxide metabolites (NOM) and MMP-9 are increased in the obese, obese type 2 diabetics (T2DM) and in morbidly obese patients prior to and after gastric bypass surgery (RYGB). DESIGN AND METHODS The expression of these genes in MNC and plasma concentrations of these indices was measured in healthy lean and in obese with and without T2DM and following RYGB in obese T2DM. RESULTS The expression of IL-4, MMP-9, LIGHT and CCR-2 and plasma NOM concentrations was significantly higher in the obese subjects and in obese T2DM patients than in normal subjects. The expression of IL-4, LIGHT, MMP-9, and CCR-2 expression was related to BMI and HOMA-IR. The expression of IL-4, LIGHT, LTBR, ADAM-33, MMP-9, and CCR-2 fell after RYGB surgery as did plasma concentrations of MMP-9 and NOM. CONCLUSIONS Obesity with and without T2DM is associated with an increase in the expression of IL-4, LIGHT, MMP-9 and CCR-2; plasma NOM and MMP-9 concentrations are also increased. Following RYGB surgery and weight loss, the expression of these factors in MNC and plasma concentrations falls significantly.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Asthma/complications
- Asthma/prevention & control
- Body Mass Index
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gastric Bypass
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/blood
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Nitric Oxide/blood
- Obesity/blood
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/immunology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity, Morbid/complications
- Obesity, Morbid/immunology
- Obesity, Morbid/metabolism
- Obesity, Morbid/surgery
- Receptors, CCR2/genetics
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/metabolism
- Weight Loss
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Dandona P, Boden WE. Intensive glucose control in hyperglycemic patients with acute coronary syndromes: still smoke, but no fire... JAMA Intern Med 2013; 173:1905-6. [PMID: 24018563 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.8095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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91
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Makdissi A, Chaudhuri A, Kuhadiya N, Batra M, Dandona P. Comment on: Rizzo et al. Reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation by blunting daily acute glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes: role of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibition. Diabetes Care 2012;35:2076-2082. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:e80. [PMID: 23704688 PMCID: PMC3661805 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Sternberg Z, Ghanim H, Gillotti KM, Tario JD, Munschauer F, Curl R, Noor S, Yu J, Ambrus JL, Wallace P, Dandona P. Flow cytometry and gene expression profiling of immune cells of the carotid plaque and peripheral blood. Atherosclerosis 2013; 229:338-47. [PMID: 23880185 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relative contribution of the local vs. peripheral inflammation to the atherothrombotic processes is unknown. We compared the inflammatory status of the immune cells of the carotid plaque with similar cells in peripheral circulation of patients with advanced carotid disease (PCDs). METHODS Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were extracted from carotid endarterectomy (CEA) samples by enzymatic digestion and subsequent magnetic cell sorting. The cell surface antigenic expressions, and mRNA expression levels were compared between CEA MNCs and peripheral MNCs, using flow cytometry and RT-PCR techniques. RESULTS The percentages of resting MNCs were lower, and activated MNCs, particularly monocytes, were higher in the CEAMNCs, as compared to the peripheral MNCs. The percentages of activated T cells and B cells were higher in the peripheral MNCs of PCDs, than in healthy controls (HCs), but the percentages of activated monocytes did not differ between the two groups. The expression levels of both pro-inflammatory/pro-thrombotic (P(38), JNKB-1, Egr-1 PAI-1, MCP-1, TF, MMP-9, HMGB-1, TNF-α, mTOR) and anti-inflammatory (PPAR-γ, TGF-β) mediators were significantly higher in the CEA MNCs as compared to the peripheral MNCs. Furthermore, MMP-9 and PPAR-γ expression levels were higher in the peripheral MNCs of PCDs than HCs. CONCLUSION The inflammatory status is higher in the immune cells of the carotid plaque, as compared to those cells in the peripheral blood. The altered expression levels of both pro-inflammatory/pro-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory mediators in the milieu of the plaque suggest that the balance between these various mediators may play a key role in carotid disease progression.
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Dandona P, Ghanim H, Green K, Sia CL, Abuaysheh S, Kuhadiya N, Batra M, Dhindsa S, Chaudhuri A. Insulin infusion suppresses while glucose infusion induces Toll-like receptors and high-mobility group-B1 protein expression in mononuclear cells of type 1 diabetes patients. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E810-8. [PMID: 23403945 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00566.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether an insulin infusion exerts an anti-inflammatory effect and whether the infusion of small amounts of glucose results in oxidative and inflammatory stress in patients with type 1 diabetes. Ten patients with type 1 diabetes were infused with either 2 U/h of insulin with 100 ml 5% dextrose/h to or just dextrose (100 ml/h) or physiological saline (100 ml/h) for 4 h after an overnight fast on three separate days. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, and 6 h. Insulin with glucose infusion led to the maintenance of euglycemia and a significant suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, p47(phox) expression, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, TLR-2, TLR-1, CD14, high-mobility group-B1 (HMGB1), p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-1, and platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and a fall in serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, HMGB1, and rapid upon activation T cell expressed and secreted. Glucose infusion led to an increase in plasma glucose concentration from 115 (fasting) to 215 (at 4 and 6 h) mg/dl and to an increase in ROS generation, the expression of TLR-4, TLR-2, TLR-1, HMGB1, p38 MAP kinase, and JNK-1, and plasma concentrations of HMGB1. While insulin reduces indexes of oxidative and inflammatory stress in patients with type 1 diabetes, even small amounts of glucose (20 g over 4 h) induce oxidative and inflammatory stress. These effects are reflected in TLR, p38 MAP kinase, and HMGB1 expression. The induction of significant oxidative and inflammatory stress by small amounts of glucose in patients with type 1 diabetes may have important pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.
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Mogri M, Dhindsa S, Quattrin T, Ghanim H, Dandona P. Testosterone concentrations in young pubertal and post-pubertal obese males. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 78:593-9. [PMID: 22970699 PMCID: PMC3524388 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity in adult males is associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. We evaluated the effect of obesity on plasma testosterone concentrations in pubertal and post-pubertal young males. DESIGN AND METHODS Morning fasting blood samples were obtained from 25 obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile] and 25 lean (BMI <85th percentile) males between the ages 14-20 years with Tanner staging ≥4. Total (TT) and free testosterone (FT) and estradiol concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and equilibrium dialysis. Free testosterone was also calculated using SHBG and albumin. C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin and glucose concentrations were measured and homoeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. RESULTS After controlling for age and Tanner staging, obese males had a significantly lower total testosterone (10·5 vs 21·44 nmol/l), free testosterone (0·22 vs 0·39 nmol/l) and calculated free testosterone (0·26 vs 0·44 nmol/l) concentrations as compared to lean males (P < 0·001 for all). Obese males had higher CRP concentrations (2·8 vs 0·8 mg/l; P < 0·001), and HOMA-IR (3·8 vs 1·1; P < 0·001) than lean males. Free testosterone concentrations were positively related to age and negatively to BMI, HOMA-IR and CRP concentrations. Total and free estradiol concentrations were significantly lower in males with subnormal testosterone concentrations. CONCLUSION Testosterone concentrations of young obese pubertal and post-pubertal males are 40-50% lower than those with normal BMI. Obesity in young males is associated with low testosterone concentrations, which are not secondary to an increase in estradiol concentrations. Our results need to be confirmed in a larger number of subjects.
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Tang C, Naassan AE, Chamson-Reig A, Koulajian K, Goh TT, Yoon F, Oprescu AI, Ghanim H, Lewis GF, Dandona P, Donath MY, Ehses JA, Arany E, Giacca A. Susceptibility to fatty acid-induced β-cell dysfunction is enhanced in prediabetic diabetes-prone biobreeding rats: a potential link between β-cell lipotoxicity and islet inflammation. Endocrinology 2013; 154:89-101. [PMID: 23150493 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
β-Cell lipotoxicity is thought to play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes. However, no study has examined its role in type 1 diabetes, which could be clinically relevant for slow-onset type 1 diabetes. Reports of enhanced cytokine toxicity in fat-laden islets are consistent with the hypothesis that lipid and cytokine toxicity may be synergistic. Thus, β-cell lipotoxicity could be enhanced in models of autoimmune diabetes. To determine this, we examined the effects of prolonged free fatty acids elevation on β-cell secretory function in the prediabetic diabetes-prone BioBreeding (dp-BB) rat, its diabetes-resistant BioBreeding (dr-BB) control, and normal Wistar-Furth (WF) rats. Rats received a 48-h iv infusion of saline or Intralipid plus heparin (IH) (to elevate free fatty acid levels ~2-fold) followed by hyperglycemic clamp or islet secretion studies ex vivo. IH significantly decreased β-cell function, assessed both by the disposition index (insulin secretion corrected for IH-induced insulin resistance) and in isolated islets, in dp-BB, but not in dr-BB or WF, rats, and the effect of IH was inhibited by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Furthermore, IH significantly increased islet cytokine mRNA and plasma cytokine levels (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and IL-10) in dp-BB, but not in dr-BB or WF, rats. All dp-BB rats had mononuclear infiltration of islets, which was absent in dr-BB and WF rats. In conclusion, the presence of insulitis was permissive for IH-induced β-cell dysfunction in the BB rat, which suggests a link between β-cell lipotoxicity and islet inflammation.
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Guo J, Dhaliwall JK, Chan KK, Ghanim H, Al Koudsi N, Lam L, Madadi G, Dandona P, Giacca A, Bendeck MP. In vivo Effect of Insulin to Decrease Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -9 Activity after Arterial Injury. J Vasc Res 2013; 50:279-88. [DOI: 10.1159/000351611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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97
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Kasliwal RR, Bansal M, Agrawal V, Dandona P, Mehrotra R, Garg R. Brief report: metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors among the affluent asian indians living in India. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 2:169-71. [PMID: 18370682 DOI: 10.1089/met.2004.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Aljada A, Mohanty P, Dandona P. Lipids, carbohydrates, and heart disease. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 1:185-8. [PMID: 18370661 DOI: 10.1089/154041903322716651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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99
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Dhindsa S, Garg R, Bandyopadhyay A, Dandona P. Angiotensin II and Inflammation: The Effect of ACE Inhibition and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 1:255-9. [PMID: 18370649 DOI: 10.1089/1540419031361408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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100
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Dandona P, Dhindsa S, Aljada A, Chaudhuri A. Classical Anti-oxidants (Scavengers) versus Biological Anti-oxidants (Suppressors of ROS Generation): ANovel Way to Explain the Anti-oxidant Paradox. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2012; 2:155-9. [PMID: 18370680 DOI: 10.1089/met.2004.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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