76
|
Jiang JQ, Yin Q, Pearce P, Zhou J. A survey of endocrine disrupting chemicals in sewage and a preliminary treatment trial. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2005; 52:1-7. [PMID: 16312945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates that synthetic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (e.g. bisphenol-A) and natural EDCs (e.g. estrone and 17beta-estradiol) were found in the crude sewage from two sewage treatment works. Conventional biological processes can lower EDC concentrations to several hundred nanograms per litre. Because natural EDCs (e.g. estrone and 17beta1-estradiol) have biological activity and an adverse impact on the environment at extremely low concentrations (several tens of nanograms per litre), and because the existing wastewater/sewage treatment processes are not adequate to reduce natural EDC concentrations lower than 100 ng L(-1), further treatment after conventional biological processes is required. Preliminary trials with ferrate (VI) and electrochemical oxidation processes demonstrated that the former is more effective than the latter in reducing EDC concentrations, and that both the processes can effectively reduce EDCs to very low levels, ranging between 20 and 100 ng L(-1).
Collapse
|
77
|
|
78
|
Yin Q, Yang H, Gong Q, Wang H, Liu Y, Hong Y, Tien P. Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus: monopartite genome organization and agroinfection of plants. Virus Res 2001; 81:69-76. [PMID: 11682126 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(01)00363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complete DNA sequence (2734 nucleotides) of the monopartite genome of tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV), a begomovirus transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, was determined. The circular genomic DNA contains six open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins of molecular weights >10 kDa, of which two (V1 and V2) are located on the virion-sense strand and four (C1, C2, C3 and C4) on the complementary-sense strand. The ORFs are comparable to those of other whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses with a monopartite genome and to those encoded by DNA-A of bipartite begomoviruses. Sequence comparisons with other geminiviruses showed that TYLCCNV belongs to Begomovirus from the Old World. No putative DNA-B genome was found. Nicotiana species and tomato plants agroinoculated with the TYLCCNV monopartite genome developed typical yellowing and leaf-curling symptoms. The cloned molecule carried all the information needed for virus replication and systemic infection of plants.
Collapse
|
79
|
Yin Q, Kemp GJ, Yu LG, Wagstaff SC, Frostick SP. Expression of Schwann cell-specific proteins and low-molecular-weight neurofilament protein during regeneration of sciatic nerve treated with neurotrophin-4. Neuroscience 2001; 105:779-83. [PMID: 11516841 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophin-4 acts as a potent survival factor for subpopulations of motoneurons. To investigate its effect on Schwann cell sheath and axonal proteins during peripheral nerve regeneration, sciatic nerves in adult rats were transected and repaired, and fibrin glue containing neurotrophin-4 injected around the repair site. At 5, 15, 30 and 60 days after repair, 5-mm nerve segments distal to the repair were collected, and western blotting was used to measure myelin-associated glycoprotein, myelin basic protein and low-molecular-weight neurofilament protein. In control groups these dramatically declined at 5 and 15 days then increased from 30 and 60 days. However, in the neurotrophin-4 group there was a significant increase (to several times basal values) in myelin-associated glycoprotein and myelin basic protein at 5-15 days. The relatively small increases (<7%) in Schwann cell numbers suggest that this is mainly due to increased synthesis per cell. The neurotrophin-4 group also showed a small but significant increase at 15 days in low-molecular-weight neurofilament protein, which however remained much lower than basal. We conclude that neurotrophin-4 regulates the expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein, myelin basic protein, and to a lesser extent low-molecular-weight neurofilament protein, during peripheral nerve regeneration.
Collapse
|
80
|
Uings IJ, Balasubramanian P, McLoughlin PG, Yin Q, Dash L, Beresford A, Kearney S, Barrett RW, McKinnon M, England BP. Modified peptide antagonists of interleukin 5 exhibit extended in vivo persistence but restricted species specificity. Cytokine 2001; 15:10-9. [PMID: 11509004 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.2001.0886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AF18748 is disulphide-linked homodimeric peptide with 19 amino acids in each chain that antagonises the action of the eosinophil-specific cytokine, interleukin 5 (IL-5). We have generated a set of N-terminally truncated peptides derived from AF18748 and demonstrated that the first five amino acids of the peptide do not contribute to receptor binding activity. The shortened peptide blocked IL-5-dependent adhesion of eosinophils with an IC(50)of 350 pM, and had no effect on stimulation by IL-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha or fMet-Leu-Phe. The peptides were rapidly broken down in mouse plasma through cleavage of a single chain of the dimer. However, this breakdown did not correlate with loss of biological activity, indicating that the asymmetric peptide fragment retains full receptor binding capacity. The activity of AF18748 disappeared rapidly from the blood following intravenous injection into mice. Coupling of polyethylene glycol to the N-terminus of AF18748 resulted in a moderate loss in biological potency (IC(50)30 nM), but the resulting conjugate persisted in the circulation for more than 8 h after injection. Despite its high potency at the human IL-5 receptor, AF18748 was unable to antagonise the activity of IL-5 on murine B13 cells, or on canine eosinophils, indicating that the peptide is highly specific for the human IL-5 receptor.
Collapse
|
81
|
Lassègue B, Sorescu D, Szöcs K, Yin Q, Akers M, Zhang Y, Grant SL, Lambeth JD, Griendling KK. Novel gp91(phox) homologues in vascular smooth muscle cells : nox1 mediates angiotensin II-induced superoxide formation and redox-sensitive signaling pathways. Circ Res 2001; 88:888-94. [PMID: 11348997 DOI: 10.1161/hh0901.090299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species are important regulators of vascular function. Although NAD(P)H oxidases have been implicated as major sources of superoxide in the vessel wall, the molecular identity of these proteins remains unclear. We recently cloned nox1 (formerly mox-1), a member of a new family of gp91(phox) homologues, and showed that it is expressed in proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In this study, we examined the expression of three nox family members, nox1, nox4, and gp91(phox), in VSMCs, their regulation by angiotensin II (Ang II), and their role in redox-sensitive signaling. We found that both nox1 and nox4 are expressed to a much higher degree than gp91(phox) in VSMCS: Although serum, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and Ang II downregulated nox4, they markedly upregulated nox1, suggesting that this enzyme may account for the delayed phase of superoxide production in these cells. Furthermore, an adenovirus expressing antisense nox1 mRNA completely inhibited the early phase of superoxide production induced by Ang II or PDGF and significantly decreased activation of the redox-sensitive signaling molecules p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt by Ang II. In contrast, redox-independent pathways induced by PDGF or Ang II were unaffected. These data support a role for nox1 in redox signaling in VSMCs and provide insight into the molecular identity of the VSMC NAD(P)H oxidase and its potentially critical role in vascular disease.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA, Antisense/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Maleimides/pharmacology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/genetics
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 1
- NADPH Oxidase 2
- NADPH Oxidase 4
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Signal Transduction
- Superoxides/metabolism
- Time Factors
Collapse
|
82
|
Rodriguez A, Jung EJ, Yin Q, Cayrol C, Flemington EK. Role of c-myc regulation in Zta-mediated induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27 and cell growth arrest. Virology 2001; 284:159-69. [PMID: 11384216 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2001.0923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Latency-associated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) gene expression induces cell proliferation. Unlike the latency associated genes, lytic gene expression in EBV, as well as other herpesviruses, elicits cell cycle arrest. Previous studies have shown that the EBV immediate early lytic transactivator, Zta, induces a G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest through induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21 and p27. Here we show that while EBV latency is intimately linked to activation of the protooncogene, c-myc, Zta represses c-myc expression. We also show that inhibition of c-myc expression is required for Zta-mediated growth arrest and for maximal induction of p21 and p27. Nevertheless, induction of p21 and p27 is also influenced by a c-myc-independent mechanism. A detailed genetic analysis of Zta's basic/DNA binding region identified two distinct subregions that contribute to full induction of p21 and p27. One subdomain influences p21 and p27 expression through the c-myc-dependent mechanism and the other subdomain influences p21 and p27 induction through the c-myc-independent pathway. Together, these studies further our understanding of the complex nature of Zta-induced growth arrest.
Collapse
|
83
|
Scott NA, Crocker IR, Yin Q, Sorescu D, Wilcox JN, Griendling KK. Inhibition of vascular cell growth by X-ray irradiation: comparison with gamma radiation and mechanism of action. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 50:485-93. [PMID: 11380238 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Catheter-based delivery of gamma and beta radiation effectively inhibits restenosis. Major disadvantages of these radioisotopes include continuous emission; excessive depth of penetration, creating safety hazards (gamma); and inadequate penetration, limiting effectiveness (beta). Low-voltage X-rays have a distinct potential advantage, because the source is active only when current is applied, and depth of penetration is voltage dependent. This study was performed to determine if low-voltage X-rays inhibit smooth muscle and adventitial cell growth in vitro and to determine the molecular mechanisms involved in this cellular response. METHODS AND RESULTS Vascular cells in culture were exposed to low-voltage X-ray radiation and analyzed for their subsequent ability to proliferate. X-ray irradiation caused a dose-dependent inhibition in proliferation, similar to the effect seen with equivalent doses of gamma radiation. The radiation-induced inhibition of proliferation did not appear to be related to apoptosis, but rather to delayed progression through the cell cycle, because a 65% increase in the proportion of cells in S phase was seen 24-96 h after X-ray exposure compared to control. Expression of p53, a cell cycle transcriptional activator, and p21, a cell cycle inhibitor, were significantly elevated after exposure to low-voltage X-rays, providing a potential mechanism for this delay. CONCLUSIONS Low-voltage X-rays can effectively inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and adventitial cells. This inhibition is apparently due to a delay in progression through the cell cycle, which is mediated by increases in the levels of cell cycle inhibitors.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Apoptosis/radiation effects
- Cell Division/radiation effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Coronary Vessels/cytology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21
- Cyclins/biosynthesis
- Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
- Gamma Rays
- Humans
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/radiation effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Swine
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/biosynthesis
- X-Rays
Collapse
|
84
|
Lee CT, Yin Q, Rudnick RL, Jacobsen SB. Preservation of ancient and fertile lithospheric mantle beneath the southwestern United States. Nature 2001; 411:69-73. [PMID: 11333978 DOI: 10.1038/35075048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Stable continental regions, free from tectonic activity, are generally found only within ancient cratons-the centres of continents which formed in the Archaean era, 4.0-2.5 Gyr ago. But in the Cordilleran mountain belt of western North America some younger (middle Proterozoic) regions have remained stable, whereas some older (late Archaean) regions have been tectonically disturbed, suggesting that age alone does not determine lithospheric strength and crustal stability. Here we report rhenium-osmium isotope and mineral compositions of peridotite xenoliths from two regions of the Cordilleran mountain belt. We found that the younger, undeformed Colorado plateau is underlain by lithospheric mantle that is 'depleted' (deficient in minerals extracted by partial melting of the rock), whereas the older (Archaean), yet deformed, southern Basin and Range province is underlain by 'fertile' lithospheric mantle (not depleted by melt extraction). We suggest that the apparent relationship between composition and lithospheric strength, inferred from different degrees of crustal deformation, occurs because depleted mantle is intrinsically less dense than fertile mantle (due to iron having been lost when melt was extracted from the rock). This allows the depleted mantle to form a thicker thermal boundary layer between the deep convecting mantle and the crust, thus reducing tectonic activity at the surface. The inference that not all Archaean crust developed a strong and thick thermal boundary layer leads to the possibility that such ancient crust may have been overlooked because of its intensive reworking or lost from the geological record owing to preferential recycling.
Collapse
|
85
|
Sun CH, Liu L, Yin Q. [Bioequivalence of bambuteral and its metabolites terbutaline after oral bambuteral tablet in healthy volunteers by HPLC/MS]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 2001; 36:368-72. [PMID: 12584861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study bioequivalence of bambuteral and its metablites terbutaline in 20 healthy male volunteers. METHODS A single oral dose of domestic or imported bambuteral tablet was given according to a randomized 2-way cross-over design. The plasma bambuteral and terbutaline concentrations were determined by HPLC/MS. RESULTS The pharmacokinetic parameters of domestic and imported bambuteral: AUC0-t were (52 +/- 21) microgram.h.L-1 and (51 +/- 20) microgram.h.L-1, Tmax were (2.9 +/- 0.9) h and (2.6 +/- 0.7) h, Cmax were (6.0 +/- 2.6) microgram.L-1 and (6.2 +/- 2.9) microgram.L-1, T1/2Ke were (11.2 +/- 2.3) h and (11.2 +/- 1.9) h, respectively; terbutaline: AUC0-t were (191 +/- 30) microgram.h.L-1 and (197 +/- 37) microgram.h.L-1; Tmax were (4.2 +/- 1.0) h and (4.2 +/- 1.0) h; Cmax were (10 +/- 5) microgram.L-1 and (10 +/- 4) microgram.L-1; T1/2Ke were (20 +/- 3) h and (21 +/- 4) h, respectively. The bioavaiability of the domestics was 102% +/- 8% (bambuteral) and 100% +/- 12% (terbutaline). CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that the two forms of bambuteral and terbutaline were bioequivalent by analysis of variance, two-one sided test and 90% confidential limit.
Collapse
|
86
|
Yin C, Shen Y, Liu S, Yin Q, Guo W, Pan Z. Simultaneous quantitative UV spectrophotometric determination of multicomponents of amino acids using linear neural network. COMPUTERS & CHEMISTRY 2001; 25:239-43. [PMID: 11339406 DOI: 10.1016/s0097-8485(00)00097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous determination of multicomponents of six amino acids with a novel chemometric technique-a linear neural network (LNN) algorithm is reported in this study. Based on the data correlation coefficient and standard deviation method, 17 representative wavelength points are selected from the original UV spectral data (343 points) as the original input patterns for LNN to build a neural network model. The results obtained only by iterating 15 times is satisfying, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and a relative small standard deviation.
Collapse
|
87
|
Yamada K, Pavcnik D, Uchida BT, Timmermans HA, Corless CL, Yin Q, Yamakado K, Park JW, Rösch J, Keller FS, Sato M, Yamada R. Endoluminal treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm with small intestinal submucosa sandwich endografts: a pilot study in sheep. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2001; 24:99-105. [PMID: 11443394 DOI: 10.1007/s002700000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate efficacy of small intestinal submucosa (SIS) Sandwich endografts for the treatment of acute rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and to explore the short-term reaction of the aorta to this material. METHODS In eight adult sheep, an infrarenal AAA was created transluminally by dilation of a short Palmaz stent. In six sheep, the aneurysm was then ruptured by overdilation of the stent with a large angioplasty balloon. Two sheep with AAAs that were not ruptured served as controls. A SIS Sandwich endograft, consisting of a Z stent frame with 5 bodies and covered inside and out with SIS, was used to exclude the ruptured and non-ruptured AAAs. Follow-up aortography was done immediately after the procedure and before sacrifice at 4, 8, or 12 weeks. Autopsy and histologic studies followed. RESULTS Endograft placement was successful in all eight sheep. Both ruptured and non-ruptured AAAs were successfully excluded. Three animals with AAA rupture developed hind leg paralysis due to compromise of the arterial supply to the lower spinal cord and were sacrificed 1 day after the procedure. In five animals, three with rupture and two controls, follow-up aortograms revealed no aortic stenoses and no perigraft leaks. Gross and histologic studies revealed incorporation of the endografts into the aortic wall with replacement of SIS by dense neointima that was completely endothelialized in areas where the endograft was in direct contact with the aortic wall. In central portions of the endograft, in contact with the thrombosed aneurysm, endothelialization was incomplete even at 12 weeks. CONCLUSION The SIS Sandwich endografts effectively excluded simple AAAs and ruptured AAAs. They were rapidly incorporated into the aortic wall. A detailed long-term study is warranted.
Collapse
|
88
|
Pavcnik D, Uchida BT, Timmermans H, Petersen B, Loriaux M, Yamakado K, Voda J, Yin Q, Keller FS, Rösch J. Bifurcated drum occluder endograft for treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm: an experimental study in dogs. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2001; 12:359-64. [PMID: 11287515 DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate a new, low profile, home-made, bifurcated drum occluder endograft (BDOEG), designed for percutaneous, transcatheter treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). MATERIALS AND METHODS AAA was created in 10 dogs with over-dilated Palmaz stents. To prevent back filling, the lumbar arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common internal iliac arteries were embolized. The BDOEG was constructed of a drum occluder device and two PTFE endografts. The drum device consisted of a modified Z stent with Dacron stretched across and held within the ends of the stent, each with two 8 x 6-mm slits through which PTFE endografts were delivered. The PTFE endografts were 8 mm in diameter and 9.5 cm in length. Preloaded, the BDOEG was delivered through a 10-F sheath from both femoral arteries in a three-step procedure. All 10 animals were treated with BDOEG. Aortography was performed immediately, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after stent-graft placement. Five animals were killed at 6 weeks and five were killed at 3 months. Gross and histologic evaluation was performed. RESULTS The infrarenal aortic diameters and both external iliac arteries ranged from 8.0 mm to 10.3 mm (mean, 9.4 mm +/- 0.6) and from 5.2 mm to 6.8 mm (mean, 5.8 mm +/- 0.5), respectively. Creation of the AAA was successful in all 10 dogs. AAA diameters ranged from 13.7 mm to 15.9 mm (mean, 14.9 mm +/- 0.7). Complete exclusion of the AAA was achieved immediately after BDOEG placement and aneurysms remained excluded without perigraft leak to the time of killing in all 10 animals. There was a high incidence of aortoiliac limb occlusion. Occlusion of 12 aortoiliac limbs (60%) caused by intimal hyperplasia at the distal end of the endografts in iliac arteries developed in nine animals (90%). In six animals (60%), one limb occluded and, in three animals (30%), there was occlusion of both limbs. CONCLUSION This study suggests a new approach for treatment of AAA. BDOEG use reduces sheath size for endograft delivery and may eliminate the need for a surgical cut down on femoral arteries. Tapering of the iliac ends of endografts to the size of the artery will be needed to prevent distal intimal hyperplasia.
Collapse
|
89
|
De La Melena VT, Kreklywich CN, Streblow DN, Yin Q, Cook JW, Soderberg-Naucler C, Bruggeman CA, Nelson JA, Orloff SL. Kinetics and development of CMV-accelerated transplant vascular sclerosis in rat cardiac allografts is linked to early increase in chemokine expression and presence of virus. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:1822-3. [PMID: 11267529 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
90
|
Yin Q, Yang H, Wang H, Cai J, Qin B, Zhang Z, Tien P. [Cloning and sequencing of Chinese squash leaf curl virus]. WEI SHENG WU XUE BAO = ACTA MICROBIOLOGICA SINICA 2001; 41:31-4. [PMID: 12549185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Sequence analysis of virus isolation DNA of Squash leaf curl disease shows that Squash Leaf Curl Virus (SLCH-CHI) contains 2741nt, which encode six Open Reading Frames (ORFs). Two of them are on virus sense strand: AV1 (256aa) and AV2 (140aa). AV1 encode coat protein. The other of ORFs are on complementary sense strand: AC1 (replicase gene, 243aa), AC2 (transactivtor, 134aa), AC3 (136aa) and AC4 (172aa). The virus belongs to one number of begomoviruses from old world.
Collapse
|
91
|
Abstract
Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) is a recently identified neurotrophic factor with potential trophic effects on subpopulations of neurons. Little is known about its role in peripheral nerve regeneration following nerve injury. To investigate this, 48 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left sciatic nerve transection and immediate repair. Fibrin glue mixed with either NT-4 or vehicle (control) was injected around the nerve repair site. Nerve regeneration was assessed both functionally and histomorphometrically. The results showed that the NT-4-treated group had a significant increase compared with the control in the regeneration distance at 5 days. The sciatic function index was significantly greater in the NT-4 group from 40 to 60 days after nerve repair. Morphometric analysis revealed that nerves treated with NT-4 had significant improvement in the number of regenerated axons, axonal diameter, and myelin thickness. These results suggest that NT-4 is a potent factor improving rat sciatic nerve regeneration.
Collapse
|
92
|
Lee CT, Yin Q, Rudnick RL, Chesley JT, Jacobsen SB. Osmium isotopic evidence for mesozoic removal of lithospheric mantle beneath the sierra nevada, california. Science 2000; 289:1912-6. [PMID: 10988067 DOI: 10.1126/science.289.5486.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Thermobarometric and Os isotopic data for peridotite xenoliths from late Miocene and younger lavas in the Sierra Nevada reveal that the lithospheric mantle is vertically stratified: the shallowest portions (<45 to 60 kilometers) are cold (670 degrees to 740 degrees C) and show evidence for heating and yield Proterozoic Os model ages, whereas the deeper portions (45 to 100 kilometers) yield Phanerozoic Os model ages and show evidence for extensive cooling from temperatures >1100 degrees C to 750 degrees C. Because a variety of isotopic evidence suggests that the Sierran batholith formed on preexisting Proterozoic lithosphere, most of the original lithospheric mantle appears to have been removed before the late Miocene, leaving only a sliver of ancient mantle beneath the crust.
Collapse
|
93
|
Li JB, Li Y, Xiong GL, Li XW, Zhang XH, Chen CR, Yin Q. [A further research on physiopathological basis of "Liver Yang Forming Wind Syndrome"]. HUNAN YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = HUNAN YIKE DAXUE XUEBAO = BULLETIN OF HUNAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2000; 25:343-6. [PMID: 12205996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The multiple experimental parameters of different aspects in this study were determined in the patients with "Liver Yang Forming Wind Syndrome (LYFWS)", "Qi Deficiency Blood Stagnation Syndrome (QDBSS)" and "Yin Deficiency Forming Wind Syndrome (YDFWS)". The results showed that cerebral hemorrhage was similar to cerebral infarction in almost all parameters and the two diseases were with LYFWS. It was found that there were several characteristics in LYFWS, i.e. 1. Hyperfunction of sympathetic adrenal medullary system. 2. Hypotriiodothyroidoglobulin syndrome. 3. The marked changes of the active substance regulating vessel smooth muscle function. 4. The increased inflammatory medicators. The pathophysiological parameters in patients with QDBSS were the same as those with YDFWS, but the changes of QDBSS and YDFWS weRe milder than those of LYFWS.
Collapse
|
94
|
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system retains a considerable capacity for regeneration. However, functional recovery rarely returns to the preinjury level no matter how accurate the nerve repair is, and the more proximal the injury the worse the recovery. Among a variety of approaches being used to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration are the manipulation of Schwann cells and the use of neurotrophic factors. Such factors include, first, nerve growth factor (NGF) and the other recently identified members of the neurotrophin family, namely, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5); second, the neurokines ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF); and third, the transforming growth factors (TGFs)-beta and their distant relative, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). In this review article we focus on the roles in peripheral nerve regeneration of Schwann cells and of the neurotrophin family, CNTF and GDNF, and the relationship between these. Finally, we discuss what remains to be understood about the possible clinical use of neurotrophic factors.
Collapse
|
95
|
England BP, Balasubramanian P, Uings I, Bethell S, Chen MJ, Schatz PJ, Yin Q, Chen YF, Whitehorn EA, Tsavaler A, Martens CL, Barrett RW, McKinnon M. A potent dimeric peptide antagonist of interleukin-5 that binds two interleukin-5 receptor alpha chains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:6862-7. [PMID: 10823900 PMCID: PMC18766 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.110053997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2000] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two series of peptides that specifically bind to the extracellular domain of the alpha chain of the human interleukin-5 receptor (IL-5Ralpha), but share no primary sequence homology to IL-5, were identified from libraries of random recombinant peptides. Affinity maturation procedures generated a 19-aa peptide that binds to the IL-5 receptor alpha/beta heterodimer complex with an affinity equal to that of IL-5 and is a potent and specific antagonist of IL-5 activity in a human eosinophil adhesion assay. The active form of the peptide is a disulfide-crosslinked dimer that forms spontaneously in solution. Gel filtration analysis, receptor-binding studies, and analytical ultracentrifugation reveal that the dimeric peptide binds simultaneously to two receptor alpha chains in solution. Furthermore, the dimer peptide, but not IL-5, can activate a chimeric receptor consisting of the IL-5Ralpha extracellular domain fused to the intracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor, thus demonstrating that the peptide also promotes receptor dimerization in a cellular context. The functional antagonism produced by the bivalent interaction of the dimeric peptide with two IL-5R alpha chains represents a distinctive mechanism for the antagonism of cytokines that use heteromeric receptors.
Collapse
|
96
|
Orloff SL, Yin Q, Corless CL, Orloff MS, Rabkin JM, Wagner CR. Tolerance induced by bone marrow chimerism prevents transplant vascular sclerosis in a rat model of small bowel transplant chronic rejection. Transplantation 2000; 69:1295-303. [PMID: 10798744 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200004150-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major impediment to success in solid organ transplantation is chronic rejection (CR). The characteristic lesion of CR is transplant vascular sclerosis (TVS). Although the mechanism of TVS is thought to have an immunologic basis, in humans immunosuppression does not prevent or reverse it. One possible therapy to prevent TVS is induction of donor-specific tolerance. Bone marrow chimerism has been successful in inducing tolerance in acute and chronic rejection heart and kidney transplant models. The highly immunogenic small bowel (SB) allograft provides a rigorous test of the efficacy of this tolerance regimen. We examined whether induction of tolerance by bone marrow chimerism could prevent TVS in a model of Fisher 344 (F344) to Lewis (LEW) rat SB transplantation. METHODS Bone marrow chimeras (BMC) were created by transplantation of T-cell-depleted F344 bone marrow into irradiated LEW rats. Chimerism was assessed by flow cytometric method. F344 SB, heterotopically transplanted into the chimeras, was clinically and histologically assessed for CR. F344 SB grafts, transplanted into cyclosporine-A-treated LEW recipients, served as control grafts for CR. RESULTS Cyclosporine-A-treated LEW rats chronically rejected F344 SB grafts. By contrast, the BMC group demonstrated tolerance and had long-term SB graft survival (>120 days) without TVS. The BMC demonstrated immunocompetence by prompt rejection of third party ACI (RT1av1) SB allografts. CONCLUSIONS Bone marrow chimerism prevents chronic graft failure secondary to TVS in a model of chronic SB rejection. TVS fails to develop when tolerance is established, suggesting that the mechanisms involved in TVS are, in part, immunologically mediated.
Collapse
|
97
|
De Keulenaer GW, Ushio-Fukai M, Yin Q, Chung AB, Lyons PR, Ishizaka N, Rengarajan K, Taylor WR, Alexander RW, Griendling KK. Convergence of redox-sensitive and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induction in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20:385-91. [PMID: 10669634 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.20.2.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is an important component of the inflammatory response of the vessel wall and has been shown to be regulated by cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). However, the precise signaling pathways leading to MCP-1 induction have not been fully elucidated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Cytokine signal transduction involves protein kinases as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS). The relation between these 2 factors is not clear. In this study, we show that TNF-alpha induces a parallel phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and increases MCP-1 mRNA expression in cultured VSMCs. Inhibition of ERK1/2 but not p38MAPK caused a partial attenuation of MCP-1 induction (43+/-10% inhibition). Incubation of VSMCs with multiple antioxidants (diphenylene iodonium, liposomal superoxide dismutase, catalase, N-acetylcysteine, dimethylthiourea, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) had no effect on TNF-alpha-mediated MCP-1 upregulation. However, simultaneous blockade of the ERK1/2 and ROS pathways by using PD098059 combined with diphenylene iodonium or N-acetylcysteine potently enhanced the ability of MAPK kinase inhibitors to abrogate MCP-1 mRNA expression (100+/-2% inhibition). Thus, parallel ROS-dependent and ERK1/2-dependent pathways converge to regulate TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 gene expression in VSMCs. These data unmask a complex but organized integration of ROS and protein kinases that mediates cytokine-induced vascular inflammatory gene expression.
Collapse
|
98
|
|
99
|
Orloff SL, Yin Q, Corless CL, Loomis CB, Rabkin JM, Wagner CR. A rat small bowel transplant model of chronic rejection: histopathologic characteristics. Transplantation 1999; 68:766-79. [PMID: 10515376 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199909270-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major impediment to long-term success in solid organ transplantation is the development of chronic rejection (CR). The vascular lesion of CR, transplant vascular sclerosis (TVS) is characterized by neointimal smooth muscle cell proliferation, and is driven by both immune- and nonimmune-mediated mechanisms. Although the features of chronic heart and kidney allograft rejection have been well characterized, the more immunogenic small bowel allograft has not received similar study. METHODS F344 small bowel (SB) was transplanted heterotopically into Lewis recipients that were treated with low-dose Cyclosporine A for 15 days. Lewis recipients of F344 or Lewis SB grafts without immunosuppression, served as controls. Grafts were assessed histologically when recipients showed clinical signs of rejection or at predetermined time points. The immunological components involved in the chronic rejection process were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS All SB allografts (100%) developed histologic evidence of CR Cyclosporine A. TVS was seen in 36 of the 46 (78%) of these allografts. The median time to develop TVS was 45 days. Immunohistochemical staining of chronically rejected grafts showed infiltration predominantly by CD4+ cells and macrophages, uniform up-regulation of class II MHC molecule expression, moderate to intense ICAM-1 staining in grafts harvested at postoperative day 45, and uniform neointimal cell staining for smooth muscle cell alpha-actin in the TVS lesions. CONCLUSIONS This F344 to Lewis SB transplant model is a useful model that reproduces significant features of CR. The highly immunogenic nature of the SB allografts allows this model to serve as a stringent test for protocols designed to prevent CR.
Collapse
|
100
|
Sakaguchi S, Uchida BT, Timmermans HA, Pavcnik D, Sakai Y, Keller FS, Rösch J, Yin Q, Kichikawa K, Uchida H. Twin-tube endografts for aortic aneurysms: an experimental feasibility study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1999; 10:1092-8. [PMID: 10496713 DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(99)70197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore feasibility of twin-tube endografts (TTEGs) for treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). MATERIALS AND METHODS AAAs were created in six dogs by overdilation of Palmaz stents. TTEGs made of seven 9.5-mm-diameter Gianturco Rösch Z (GRZ) stents and covered with PTFE were deployed simultaneously from both femoral arteries through 10-F sheaths to exclude the AAA. Follow-up aortography was performed immediately and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Two dogs were killed at 4 weeks and four were killed at 8 weeks. Gross and histologic examinations were performed. RESULTS AAA creation and TTEG placement were successful in all six dogs. TTEGs completely excluded AAAs in five dogs. Minor temporary perigraft leak was seen in one dog immediately after stent placement. Four dogs had TTEGs patent to termination at 8 weeks. In two dogs with oversized TTEGs, one of the twin endografts occluded at 2 weeks. At autopsy, TTEGs were formed in semicircular shape and histology did not show any significant inflammatory reaction. CONCLUSION TTEGs show promise for treatment of AAA, with the potential of reducing the introductory sheath size. Further experimental studies, particularly with TTEGs extended into iliac arteries, are warranted.
Collapse
|