Peyronie’s disease questionnaire: translation into Danish and cultural adaptation

Background

Peyronie’s disease has an impact on men’s mental and physical health.

Aim

We sought to translate the Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire into Danish, adapt it to the Danish cultural setting, and test it in a Danish population.

Methods

Translation of the Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire was performed according to the guidelines for adapting health status measures for use in languages other than the source language by Beaton et al. The validated American Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire was developed to monitor patient symptoms after an intervention and to inspire a subsequent dialogue about physical and psychological symptoms with a healthcare provider, thereby allowing the patient and the healthcare professional to choose the best treatment. The expert committee agreed on a Danish version after cross-cultural adaptation. The Danish Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire was sent by electronic mail to a preselected group of 41 men with Peyronie’s disease.

Outcomes

After completing the questionnaire, 32 men participated in a video interview regarding the questionnaire and were asked to identify any problematic fields or areas open to misunderstanding.

Results

The Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire underwent major modifications in light of the comments of the first 10 respondents. Thereafter, only minor changes were made until data saturation was reached after 27 of the 32 respondents had been interviewed. In 87% of respondents Peyronie’s disease bothered from the last time they had intercourse, and 93% of the men experienced being bothered by having intercourse less often. Peyronie’s disease made 73% of respondents feel bodily discomfort, and 88% had intercourse less often than they used to have due to Peyronie’s disease.

Clinical Implications

The Peyronie’s Disease Questionnaire is a valuable tool in the crucial task of addressing Peyronie’s disease, providing insight into the mental and sexual health problems as well as physical challenges faced by patients.

Strengths and Limitations

The interviewer’s modest experience in conducting interviews is believed to have been duly compensated for by continuous and accumulating learning-while-doing process because the same interviewer conducted all of the interviews and did so consecutively.

Conclusions

Danish men expressed satisfaction with the questionnaire and found it valuable as a tool when visiting the doctor for the first time.

Cultural adaptation of the iSupport online training and support programme for caregivers of people with dementia in Castilla y León, Spain

BACKGROUND

E-learning has shown to be an effective intervention in helping informal caregivers of people living with dementia. It has the potential to reach people living in remote areas, increasing service coverage. As a response to the demographic context in Spain associated with a higher percentage of ageing, depopulation, and the complexities of health service delivery in rural areas, this paper describes the cultural adaptation and co-design of the iSupport online training and support programme for Castilla y León, Spain, as a potential e-health intervention to mitigate these constraints.

METHODS

The translation and cultural adaptation were performed following the WHO guidelines, with some adaptation due to the cultural context of Spain. Three focus groups were conducted with informal caregivers, health professionals, and a group of experts on cognitive impairment and dementia. The co-design process was performed as a Patient and Public Involvement activity with three groups consisting of people living with dementia, informal caregivers, rural population and experts on technology and dementia.

RESULTS

A total of 435 suggestions were proposed for adaptation associated with erroneous terminology, rewording text/writing, grammatical or punctuation marks errors, and repeated information or need for additional content. Several recommendations were exposed during the co-design process: preference for interactive material such as videos or images, a forum to receive feedback from health care professionals and to leave satisfaction comments, availability in multiple platforms (e.g., tablet, laptop, mobile), slide format for information presentation, and availability to edit letter size and background colours.

CONCLUSIONS

A culturally adapted version of the iSupport was developed for Castilla y León, Spain. The need for modification of words and expressions, information links to local resources websites, adjustments of characters' names and caregivers' scenarios, and additional content to some sections were recommended. Suggestions for the design should be taken into account for further adapted versions and platform developments.

Global migration: Moral, political and mental health challenges

Global migration is expected to continue to increase as climate change, conflict and economic disparities continue to challenge peoples' lives. The political response to migration is a social determinant of mental health. Despite the potential benefits of migration, many migrants and refugees face significant challenges after they resettle. The papers collected in this thematic issue of Transcultural Psychiatry explore the experience of migration and highlight some of the challenges that governments and healthcare services need to address to facilitate the social integration and mental health of migrants. Clinicians need training and resources to work effectively with migrants, focusing on their resilience and on long-term adaptive processes. Efforts to counter the systemic discrimination and structural violence that migrants often face need to be broad-based, unified, and persistent to make meaningful change. When migrants are free to realize their talents and aspirations, they can help build local communities and societies that value diversity.

Training of interventionists and cultural adaptation procedures: A systematic review of culturally adapted evidence-based parenting programs in Africa

There has been an increase in the implementation of evidence-based parenting programs from high-income countries to several African countries. In this review, we systematically evaluated intervention studies of culturally adapted parenting programs in nine African countries with the objective of examining the quality of training for interventionists and cultural adaptation procedures. A total of 18 studies, obtained from an electronic search of 6 databases, met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated following PRISMA guidelines. The Ecological Validity Model was adopted to organize data on cultural adaptation procedures. Sixteen of the 18 studies reported information regarding the clinical training of interventionists and the cultural adaptations undertaken. Live and interactive workshops were the most common format used to train interventionists in the focal intervention. Overall, cultural adaptations in most studies included translation of intervention protocols into the local language. However, studies varied in the way cultural adaptation procedures were reported with some studies failing to report on cultural adaptation procedures. Concurring with previous literature, attending to issues of culture, power, privilege, access, sustainability, and other relevant concepts to increase the cultural relevance is highly encouraged in parent intervention studies in Africa. This review provides a baseline upon which future training and adaptation procedures can be built.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the fundamentals of care framework: Are we there yet?

AIM

This paper aims to explore and describe the translation and cultural adaptation of the Fundamentals of Care framework to a Swedish context, and highlight the need for a translated version.

DESIGN

An exploratory, descriptive approach was adopted.

METHODS

A structured forward-backward translation process and cultural adaptation were used, considering situation and recipient as recommended for such process. Data such as literature and documents were collected during 2019-2021. The authors took systematic steps in collaboration with a strategic sample of experts: professional language service providers, clinicians, educators and a linguist.

RESULTS

The framework was mainly translated verbatim. A few fundamental care elements were adjusted to the Swedish language, context and clinical practice. Also, this work clarified the relational elements to be coherently seen as nursing actions. Addressing the need for a translated version was illustrated in activities in research, education and clinical practice.

CONCLUSION

This paper highlights the importance of translating the Fundamentals of Care framework into a country's native language to gain acceptance and application there. Sharing the framework's translated version impacts nursing science, generating a consistent language in the development and conducting of research for the comparison and transferability or generalizability of findings. Together with a cultural adaptation, the translated framework can support and guide researchers, educators and nursing leaders in articulating fundamental nursing care for enacting change. By disseminating the first Swedish version of the framework we encourage a global discussion and sharing of examples of translation and cultural adaptation by others.

IMPACT

The framework's English version has limitations in various context. This paper shows a systematic translation and cultural adaptation process of the framework. We proclaim that this is necessary for nursing leaders and nurses to be able to apply it in guiding nursing practice and leading change.

Finding voice in a year of collective trauma: Case study of an online photovoice project with youth

In this article, we share findings from a qualitative case study of a virtual youth photovoice program implemented across three regions of the United States. The purpose of the program was to engage youth in research on a social issue relevant to them during an unprecedented year marked by two public health crises, COVID-19 and anti-Black racial violence. Results of an analysis of curriculum and archival program materials lend support for online strategies for youth engagement including individualized support and online audiovisual presentations with avatars. Racial justice and trauma-informed adaptations were designed to be responsive to youth needs for flexible programming and safe spaces. Themes captured in the first online gallery of youth photos include (1) tools for mental health, (2) meaningful connection, and (3) community advocacy, bringing attention to structural issues as well as family and community strengths. Findings suggest photovoice can be thoughtfully adapted for youth researchers and support individual and group storytelling in response to collective trauma.

The Arabic Nurse Professional Competence-Short Version Scale (NPC-SV-A): Transcultural Translation and Adaptation with a Cohort of Saudi Nursing Students

BACKGROUND

There is broad consensus that assessing and improving the competence of nurses is a crucial element of nursing education and practice. Numerous national and international nursing research studies have used the 35-item Nurse Professional Competence Scale (NPC-SV) to measure the self-reported competence of nursing students and registered nurses. To increase its usage in Arabic-speaking nations, however, a culturally adapted Arabic version of the scale with the same level of quality was necessary.

OBJECTIVES

The study aimed to develop a culturally adapted Arabic version of the NPC-SV and evaluate its reliability and validity (construct, convergent, and discriminant types).

METHODS

Methodological descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized. A convenience sampling technique was employed to recruit 518 undergraduate nursing students from three Saudi Arabian institutions. The translated items were appraised by a panel of experts, who considered the content validity indexes. The structure of the translated scale was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling, and the Analysis of Moment Structure method.

RESULTS

When utilized with nursing students in Saudi Arabia, the Arabic short version of the Nurse Professional Competence Scale (NPC-SV-A) was shown to be reliable and valid in terms of its content, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity. Cronbach's alpha for the entire NPC-SV-A scale was 0.89 and varied from 0.83 to 0.89 for each of the six subscales. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed six significant factors with 33 items that accounted for 67.52 percent of the variance. The scale was congruent with the suggested six-dimensional model, as confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

CONCLUSION

The Arabic version of the NPC-SV, which was reduced to 33 items, showed good psychometric properties, with a six-factor structure accounting for 67.52% of the total variance. When used alone, this 33-item scale can allow for more in-depth evaluations of self-reported competence among nursing students and licensed nurses.

Medication Use Questionnaire for Older Adults in Malaysia: Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Reliability

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to translate the Medication Use Questionnaire into a Malay version, adapt it to Malaysia's culture, and verify its reliability among Malaysia's older adults.

METHODS

Methodological approaches were used to translate, validate, and modify the questionnaire. The subjects were older adults aged ≥ 60 years in primary care settings in Penang, Malaysia. Two forward translations (English to Malay) were developed, reviewed, and back translated to English. The reconciliation phase was conducted to compare the translated and original questionnaires. Five older adults were then interviewed for the cognitive debriefing of the reconciled questionnaire to assess the linguistic and cultural equivalence. Two experts assessed content validity, and the translated questionnaire was proofread and finalized. After that, pilot test was done to examine the internal consistency among 20 older adults.

RESULTS

Translation of the questionnaire was done with no major disagreements. The main issues identified in cognitive debriefing and content validity were terms, number of questions, and phrases used in the questionnaire. Most participants reported that the questionnaires were not difficult to complete during the cognitive debriefing phase. The issues were then judged and revised accordingly. Further pilot testing on 20 older adults demonstrated good internal consistency reliability, Cronbach α (0.902).

CONCLUSIONS

This study findings suggest promising data supporting the use of translated version of the Medication Use Questionnaire that can be used to identify medication use problems among older adults in Malaysia.

A Digital Single-Session Intervention Platform for Youth Mental Health: Cultural Adaptation, Evaluation, and Dissemination

BACKGROUND

Despite the proliferation of evidence-based digital mental health programs for young people, their low uptake and inconsistent implementation preclude them from benefiting youths at scale. Identifying effective implementation strategies for evidence-based supports is especially critical in regions where treatment access is lowest owing to mental health provider shortages.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this academic-community partnership, funded by the City of San Antonio Metropolitan Health District, was to culturally adapt, disseminate, and gauge the acceptability and utility of an evidence-based digital mental health platform-Project Youth Empowerment and Support (YES)-among English- and Spanish-speaking youths living in south Texas.

METHODS

Project YES is an open-access, anonymous platform containing 3 evidence-based, self-guided interventions for youth mental health. Project YES was culturally adapted via focus groups and co-design sessions with San Antonio youths with lived experience of depression and anxiety; translated into Spanish; and disseminated throughout San Antonio, Texas, via community and school partnerships.

RESULTS

During the project period (April 2021 to December 2021), 1801 San Antonio youths began and 894 (49.64%) of them completed a 30-minute, single-session intervention within Project YES (aged 11-17 years; n=718, 39.87% male; n=961, 53.36% female; and n=3, 0.17% intersex; n=1477, 82.01% Hispanic; n=77, 4.28% non-Hispanic White; n=113, 6.27% Black; n=28, 1.55% Asian; and n=93, 5.16% other). This completion rate (49.64%) surpassed those previously observed for Project YES (eg, 34% when disseminated via social media). San Antonio youths rated Project YES as highly acceptable across all metrics, both in English and Spanish. In addition, the youths who completed Project YES-ENGLISH reported significant improvements in hopelessness (Cohen d=0.33; P<001), self-hate (Cohen d=0.27; P<001), and perceived agency (Cohen d=0.25; P<001) from before to after the intervention, and the youths who completed Project YES-SPANISH reported significant improvements in self-hate (Cohen d=0.37; P=.049) from before to after the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

The results indicate that Project YES-an open-access, free, and anonymous web-based single-session intervention platform-is an acceptable, accessible, and applicable mental health support for English- and Spanish-speaking San Antonio youths.

Cultural Adaptation, Reliability and Validation of the Arabic Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire in Patients with Low Back Pain

Background

The Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire (ÖMPQ) assesses the psychosocial factors in people with complaints of musculoskeletal disorders and predicts those likely to develop persistent symptoms.

Objective

To culturally-adapt and assess the validity of the ÖMPQ in an Arabic population with low back pain (LBP).

Methods

This was a prospective cohort validation study of the ÖMPQ. The Arabic-ÖMPQ was created by forward translation, translation synthesis and backward translation in an Arabic population. Participants were included if they were 18 years or older, had acute or chronic LBP and were fluent in Arabic. Eighty-four patients completed the questionnaires at baseline, 2 days later and 3 months follow-up. We assessed specific agreement and test-retest reliability using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We assessed predictive validity using linear regression and relative risk. We assessed content validity by investigating the ceiling and floor effects.

Results

To construct validity, the Arabic-ÖMPQ had a moderate (r≥0.3, <0.5) to high (r≥0.5) correlation with pain, disability, fear-avoidance and catastrophizing questionnaires. The test-rest reliability was high ICC_2,1=0.92 (95% CI: 0.83-0.96). The Arabic-ÖMPQ score at baseline can significantly predict disability at 3 months F(1,82)=33.87, p<0.01; R²=0.29.

Conclusion

The translation of the Arabic-ÖMPQ into Arabic was successful. The Arabic-ÖMPQ showed very good reliability and proper validity and thus can be used to predict the risk of developing persistent disability amongst patients with LBP in an Arabic population.

CanCOG®: Cultural Adaptation of the Evidence-Based UCLA Cognitive Rehabilitation Intervention Program for Cancer Survivors in Portugal

Cognitive difficulties are highly prevalent and negatively impact cancer survivors' quality of life. The UCLA Cognitive Rehabilitation Intervention Program (in short, UCLA program) is an evidence-based intervention developed and tested in the US to address the cognitive complaints of cancer survivors. Since there are no cognitive rehabilitation programs available for Portuguese cancer-related settings, this study aimed to culturally adapt the UCLA program to Portugal. Nine steps were implemented for this cultural adaptation: needs assessment, initial contacts, translation, cultural adaptation, independent review by a panel of experts (n = 6), focus group discussions with cancer survivors (n = 11), systematization of inputs and improvement of the final materials, fidelity check, and preliminary acceptability assessment. The findings suggested that changes to the original materials were needed. A Portuguese name, "CanCOG^®-Reabilitação Cognitiva no Cancro" (in English "CanCOG^®-Cognitive Rehabilitation in Cancer"), and a logo were created to make it more memorable and appealing for the Portuguese population. The language was adjusted to ensure content accessibility and semantic and conceptual equivalence. Finally, references to several cultural aspects, such as habits, customs, and traditions, were adapted to fit the new cultural context. The UCLA program may be a promising tool to help alleviate the cognitive difficulties reported by cancer survivors in different cultural contexts. Future research is needed to confirm the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of its Portuguese version, "CanCOG^®-Reabilitação Cognitiva no Cancro".

Adapting the World Health Organization iSupport Dementia program to the Indonesian socio-cultural context

Background

Providing care for people with dementia (PwD) without sufficient understanding of the condition might negatively affect the wellbeing of the caregivers, given the lengthy care and progressive nature of the disease. The iSupport for dementia developed by World Health Organization (WHO) is a self-administered training manual for caregivers of PwD, adaptable to local cultures and contexts. This manual needs translation and adaptation to produce a culturally appropriate version for use in Indonesia. This study reports the outcomes and lessons learnt from our translation and adaptation of iSupport content into Bahasa Indonesia.

Methods

The original iSupport content was translated and adapted using the WHO iSupport Adaptation and Implementation Guidelines. The process included forward translation, expert panel review, backward translation, and harmonization. The adaptation process included Focus Group Discussions (FGD), involving family caregivers, professional care workers, professional psychological health experts, and Alzheimer's Indonesia representatives. The respondents were asked to express their opinions about the WHO iSupport program, which comprises five modules and 23 lessons covering well-established topics on dementia. They were also asked to suggest improvements and their personal experiences compared to the adaptations applied in the iSupport.

Results

Two experts, 10 professional care workers, and eight family caregivers participated in the FGD. Overall, all participants had positive views of the iSupport material. The expert panel identified the need to reformulate definitions, recommendations, and local case studies to fine-tune the original contents to local knowledge and practices. Based on the feedback in the qualitative appraisal, several improvements regarding the language and diction, additional relevant and concrete examples, personal names and cultural habits, and customs and traditions were addressed.

Conclusions

The translation and adaptation of the iSupport into the Indonesian context have shown some changes needed to make the iSupport content culturally and linguistically appropriate for Indonesian end users. In addition, given the broad spectrum of dementia, various case illustrations have been added to improve the understanding of care in particular situations. Future studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of the adapted iSupport in improving the quality of life of PwD and their caregivers.

Design and Implementation of a Culturally-Tailored Randomized Pilot Trial: Puerto Rican Optimized Mediterranean-Like Diet

Background

Adhering to a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is associated with a healthier cardiometabolic profile. However, there are limited studies on the MedDiet benefits for non-Mediterranean racial/ethnic minorities, for whom this diet may be unfamiliar and inaccessible and who have a high risk of chronic diseases.

Objectives

To describe the study design of a pilot trial testing the efficacy of a MedDiet-like tailored to adults in Puerto Rico (PR).

Methods

The Puerto Rican Optimized Mediterranean-like Diet (PROMED) was a single-site 4-mo parallel two-arm randomized pilot trial among a projected 50 free-living adults (25-65 y) living in PR with at least two cardiometabolic risk factors (clinicaltrials.gov registration #NCT03975556). The intervention group received 1 individual nutritional counseling session on a portion-control culturally-tailored MedDiet. Daily text messages reinforced the counseling content for 2 mo, and we supplied legumes and vegetable oils. Participants in the control group received cooking utensils and one standard portion-control nutritional counseling session that was reinforced with daily texts for 2 mo. Text messages for each group were repeated for two more months. Outcome measures were assessed at baseline, 2 and 4 m. The primary outcome was a composite cardiometabolic improvement score; secondary outcomes included individual cardiometabolic factors; dietary intake, behaviors, and satisfaction; psychosocial factors; and the gut microbiome.

Results

PROMED was designed to be culturally appropriate, acceptable, accessible, and feasible for adults in PR. Strengths of the study include applying deep-structure cultural components, easing structural barriers, and representing a real-life setting. Limitations include difficulty with blinding and with monitoring adherence, and reduced timing and sample size. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced implementation, warranting replication.

Conclusions

If PROMED is proven efficacious in improving cardiometabolic health and diet quality, the findings would strengthen the evidence on the healthfulness of a culturally-appropriate MedDiet and support its wider implementation in clinical and population-wide disease-prevention programs.

Application of interpersonal psychotherapy for late-life depression in China: A case report

Objectives

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is an effective treatment for late-life depression, but little is known about its acceptability and efficacy in Chinese patients. This case report describes the use of IPT in a depressed elderly Chinese man.

Methods

The patient was a 79-year-old widower who lives alone in a large city in China. This was his first contact with a mental health specialist. His wife died one ago, and his only child lives in the United States with her husband and children. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, his daughter could not visit him, and his usual social interactions decreased, leaving him feeling isolated, lonely, and depressed. He was diagnosed with a major depressive episode and initially prescribed venlafaxine. However, he failed to show an adequate response to medication and the side effects were intolerable. He was switched to a low dose of Duloxetine (60 mg) combined with IPT.

Results

The patient's baseline score on the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) was 29, suggesting severe levels of depression. He received 12 sessions of IPT. Role transition was the focus of therapy. Although the patient expressed discomfort in therapy, he developed a good rapport with the therapist and was compliant with treatment. Clinical recovery was achieved at the end of acute IPT treatment (HAM-D score = 1).

Conclusion

Response to IPT was excellent in this elderly patient, but several points should be noted. First, mental health-related stigma in China can affect treatment engagement. Second, older Chinese are reluctant to speak openly about their personal experiences and feelings. Hence, repeated emphasis on the principles of confidentiality in psychotherapy and forming a strong therapeutic alliance are important. Third, the "empty-nest" household is an emergent phenomenon in China. Helping elderly Chinese navigate changes in traditional Chinese living arrangements and negotiate filial piety with offspring who have moved away are important issues to address in therapy.

Culturally Adapting Caring Contacts for Suicide Prevention in Four Alaska Native and American Indian Communities

AIM

Despite substantial tribal, state, and federal effort, American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) suicide rates have changed little in the last 30 years, prompting attention to new and innovative approaches to this persistent health disparity. Suicide prevention interventions with demonstrated success in other populations may be useful in AI/AN communities. Caring Contacts is a suicide prevention intervention that has been adapted and shown to reduce suicide ideation, attempts, and deaths in other populations.

CONCLUSION

Overall, AI/AN study participants in four diverse AI/AN communities endorsed the use of Caring Contacts for suicide prevention in their communities. Intervention adaptations for use in these communities centered primarily on message frequency and timing as well as expanding access to Caring Contacts. The results of this study may be applicable to other populations that experience suicide-related health disparities.

METHODS

We used a community-based participatory research approach to gather qualitative data from community members, healthcare providers, and leaders in four AI/AN communities. These data were analyzed thematically and used to adapt Caring Contacts for use in a subsequent clinical trial with AI/AN people at high risk for suicide.

RESULTS

A total of 189 community members and other health system stakeholders in four tribal communities participated in focus groups and interviews. Caring Contacts was perceived in all communities to be acceptable. Feedback for intervention adaptations focused on the themes of trial eligibility criteria; instruments; message frequency, timing, and content; and cultural considerations.

Back pain beliefs among Indian migrants in Australia: a cross-sectional study

PURPOSE

One of the largest migrant communities in Australia is the Indian migrant community. Current back pain guidelines recommend assessment of patients' beliefs; however, little is known about these beliefs in Indian communities. We aimed to investigate beliefs about back pain among Indian migrants living in Sydney.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

An online questionnaire with demographic information, participant characteristics, the Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) and open-ended questions relating to beliefs about causes of back pain and treatment preferences was completed by 386 Indian migrants in Sydney.

RESULTS

The overall BBQ score was 25.1 ± 6.7. We found significant but slightly more positive beliefs among Indian females than Indian males (standardized regression coefficient, β = 0.134, p = 0.014). Presence and severity of pain did not affect back pain beliefs. There seemed to be a belief in physical and structural/anatomical causes of back pain, and a belief in the effectiveness of exercise, medications, and Indian traditional approaches for pain management.

CONCLUSIONS

Beliefs of Indian migrants aligned with a "western traditional" biomedical model for the cause of pain, but with a belief in the effectiveness of both Indian traditional and western treatment approaches. Awareness of these beliefs could enable an effective therapeutic alliance between clinicians and Indian patients.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONBack pain beliefs of Australian Indian migrants are similar to their western counterparts, so the current guidelines for back pain can potentially be implemented without too much adjustment for this migrant community.Awareness of these beliefs is likely to improve the therapeutic alliance between clinician and an Indian migrant patient.

Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the fathers' fear of childbirth scale: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND AND AIM

Fear of childbirth (FOC) is one of the most common mental health concerns among expectant fathers, which can cause adverse consequences for themselves and their families. A valid and accurate tool is the key to the identification of FOC. This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the fathers' fear of childbirth scale (FFCS) into simplified Chinese and test the scale's psychometric properties among expectant fathers in mainland China.

METHODS

Researchers obtained translation permission and followed the multiphase translation guidelines to develop the Chinese version of the fathers' fear of childbirth scale (C-FFCS). Relevant psychometric properties were selected for the scale's psychometric validation on the basis of the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments checklist. In this cross-sectional study, two samples of expectant fathers were collected in a university-affiliated hospital in Hangzhou between September and October 2022.

RESULTS

A total of 381 expectant fathers completed the C-FFCS, resulting in an effective response rate of 95.6%. The C-FFCS is a 3-factor structure consisting of 16 items, which explained 66.374% of the total variance. The content validity index of items ranged from 0.833 to 1.00, and the scale-level content validity index was 0.931. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the scale's 3-factor structure. Evidence of convergent validity (average variance extracted = 0.508-0.780) as well as discriminant validity offered excellent psychometric support. The Cronbach's α coefficient, McDonald's ω coefficient, intraclass correlation coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient, and Guttman split-half coefficient are within the satisfactory range (> 0.80). Significant correlations between the scores of the C-FFCS and Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire (r = 0.658, p < 0.01) and Fear of Birth Scale (r = 0.555, p < 0.01) both revealed good concurrent validity. The structure of C-FFCS was invariant across different parity groups, with no floor and ceiling effect.

CONCLUSION

The C-FFCS was demonstrated to be a sound instrument with good reliability and validity for measuring Chinese expectant fathers' FOC levels. However, further studies are advocated to verify the C-FFCS among a larger sample that is more representative of the Chinese expectant father population.

Adaptation of a Dietary Screener for Asian Americans

No brief dietary screeners are available that capture dietary consumption patterns of Asian Americans. The purpose of this article is to describe the cultural adaptation of the validated Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ) for use by clinicians, researchers, and community-based partners seeking to understand and intervene on dietary behaviors among English-speaking Asian Americans, for the six largest Asian subgroups (Chinese, Filipino, Asian Indian, Vietnamese, Korean, Japanese) in the United States. This was mainly accomplished by adding culturally specific examples of foods to the questionnaire items via searching online databases and soliciting input from members of our community partner network representing each of the six largest Asian subgroups. Over half of the 26 items on the DSQ were modified to include more culturally specific foods. Developing high-quality tools that reflect the diversity of the U.S. population are critical to implement nutrition interventions that do not inadvertently widen health disparities.

Cultural adaptation considerations of a comprehensive housing outreach program for indigenous youth exiting homelessness

Generalist health interventions that aim to reduce chronic health disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations can be culturally adapted to better meet the needs of Indigenous people in Canada; however, little is known regarding best practices in implementing these adaptations. The present study first provides a review of the research process used to adapt a previous evidence-based housing initiative for Indigenous youth in Northwestern Ontario. Second, it includes an overview of the adaptations that were made and the associated rationale for such adaptations. Third, it examines the experiences of participants and staff involved in the cultural adaptation of the Housing Outreach Program Collaborative (HOP-C), a health intervention re-designed to improve physical and mental health outcomes, wellbeing, and social support for formerly homeless Indigenous youth as they secure housing. Qualitative feedback from interviews with 15 participants and eight program staff, in addition to one focus group with an additional six frontline workers, described perceived outcomes of the program's cultural adaptations. Modifications to the overall program structure, specific roles within the program (including counseling services, peer mentorship, cultural services, and case management), and adaptations to general implementation within the health organization providing the intervention were described by participants and staff as effective and helpful adaptations. The focus of Indigenous values at an organizational level led to consistent adaptations in counseling and case management to best meet the unique needs of the youth involved. Based upon participant interviews, recommendations to future adaptations are provided.

Family-based prevention in youth's substance misuse in low- and middle-income countries: A review from Turkey and cultural adaptation of family based interventions

Family-based interventions have been recognized and practised more in high-income countries than in low- and middle-income countries. However, the threats posed by substance misuse to the youth do not change for the latter. The development of appropriate preventive programs is an area of interest for addiction prevention in low- and middle-income countries by recognizing the risk factors for substance misuse among young individuals. This study aims to present the risk factors primarily in family-based conditions for substance use among young people in low- and middle-income countries and to provide information on family-based interventions that can be developed in line with these factors. It is aimed to discuss how family-based studies can be adapted to samples such as Turkey in the light of three programs originating in the USA. Fifty-six publications gathered from the literature between 1989-2021 by using keywords were included in the study. Adolescence and young adulthood are the riskiest developmental periods for substance misuse worldwide. Economic, cultural and family-based factors involving the youth are of considerable importance. Families' consciousness of youth's substance use is worthful to prevent youth's addictions in the future. Studies show that family-based preventions are promising interventions in this regard.

Systematic review of the psychometric properties of cultural adaptations and translations of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE)

BACKGROUND

The Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) is the most widely used questionnaire for the assessment of children participation. While several cultural adaptations and translations exist, the quality of the methods used to produce them, as well as their psychometric properties, remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the different translated and/or culturally adapted versions of the CAPE for children and youth with and without disabilities.

METHOD

A search was performed in five electronic databases CINAHL (EBSCO), MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (ELSEVIER), PSYCINFO (OVID), and WEB OF SCIENCE Core Collection (CLARIVATE), for articles available in French or English with the last update in July 2022. All studies related to a cultural adaptation and/or translation of the CAPE were retained and evaluated based on established guidelines for cross-cultural adaptations and measurement properties. The extraction was done independently by two authors. A critical appraisal of translation and psychometric properties methods was performed. Critical appraisal of the articles was done using the Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures tool and the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) methodology.

RESULTS

The search identified 642 studies (321 duplicates removed), 16 of which underwent full-text review. Nine studies met all inclusion criteria and underwent analysis. According to the recommended steps for cross-cultural adaptations, one study performed 100% of the steps and two others performed 80%. None of the studies met all the recommendations for the evaluation of psychometric properties. A full evaluation of reliability and internal consistency were reported by 74% of studies. None of the studies reported a full evaluation of responsiveness, agreement and/or construct validity.

CONCLUSIONS

This review demonstrated limitations in the robustness of the methods used to develop and evaluate translated and culturally adapted versions of CAPE. To ensure valid and reliable results when conducting future research using the CAPE, it is recommended to fully evaluate the psychometric properties of the existing versions and to produce other translated and culturally adapted versions of the questionnaire.

Cultural adaptation of the savvy caregiver program for Korean Americans with limited English proficiency: a feasibility and acceptability study

Background

Limited English proficiency (LEP) of dementia caregivers poses a critical barrier to these caregivers’ access to evidence-based interventions. In an effort to make such interventions available and accessible to dementia caregivers with LEP, in the present study we use Barrera and colleagues’ (2011) three-step model of cultural adaptation: (1) information gathering, (2) preliminary adaptation, and (3) full adaptation. Selecting Korean Americans as a target group and the Savvy Caregiver Program (SCP) as a target intervention, we demonstrate the sequential process of cultural adaption and report the outcomes on feasibility and acceptability.

Methods

Preliminary adaptation with linguistic attunement was conducted by translating the SCP manual into Korean and certifying two lay individuals who were bilingual in English and Korean as Savvy trainers. The 6-week online SCP program was delivered by the two trainers in Korean with six to seven caregiver participants per trainer (N = 13). Feasibility and acceptability of the SCP for both caregiver participants and trainers were assessed using mixed methods, and their data then informed full adaptation.

Results

Findings not only showed the initial efficacy of the linguistically attuned SCP but also suggested areas for further modification. Data-driven assessment yielded a list of recommended changes for full adaptation, which was reviewed by the SCP developer to ensure fidelity and by community and research partners to confirm contextual and cultural relevance.

Conclusions

The adopted changes are broadly summarized as representing logistical, technical, and cultural issues. Given our refined set of educational materials and implementation guidelines, we discuss future directions for research and development.

Adaptation of the Coping With Stress Course for Black Adolescents in Low-Income Communities: Examples of Surface Structure and Deep Structure Cultural Adaptations

Black adolescents in low-income communities are at increased risk of developing mental health problems due to the impact of cumulative poverty-related stressors and racial discrimination, yet Black youth have relatively low rates of mental health service utilization, resulting in significant unmet need. The Coping With Stress (CWS) Course is an evidence-based, cognitive behavioral intervention that has been shown to reduce the incidence of anxiety, mood, and conduct problems among predominantly White samples, as well as Asian and Latinx youth. In the past 25 years since the CWS Course was introduced, Black adolescents have either been severely underrepresented or conspicuously absent from program evaluation research on the CWS Course, with few exceptions. The purpose of this article is threefold: (1) to justify the need for cultural adaptations to the CWS Course for Black adolescents from low-income communities, (2) to describe the scientific basis for the specific surface structure and deep structure modifications made to the culturally adapted version of the CWS Course, known as Resilient In spite of Stressful Events or RISE, and (3) to illustrate the deep structure adaptations with a vignette drawn from implementation of the RISE program with Black adolescents in a low-income, urban community.

Cultural Adaptation and Validation into Spanish of the Scale to Measure Attitudes Towards the Sex Trafficking of Women and Girls in Students of the University of Salamanca

The aim of this study was to validate and analyze the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Sexual Trafficking Attitudes Scale towards women and girls (STAS). A sample of 204 students from the University of Salamanca (Spain) was used. The exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a multifactorial structure of six factors (70.1% of variance). The Cronbach's α internal consistency index obtained for the sample was 0.87 and composite reliability was 0.94. Convergent validity was determined between the full scale and the six dimensions, and divergent between subscales. The Spanish version of the instrument consisted of 25 items, proving to be a reliable and parsimonious measure.

Cultural Adaptation and Social Media Promotion of Healthy Eating Guides for Spanish Speakers

OBJECTIVE

The internet is a primary source of nutrition information in the US. Minorities and non-English speakers face a digital divide when accessing such information. We aimed to report on the reach of social media dissemination of the cultural adaptation of the evidence-based Kid's Healthy Eating Plate to Spanish-speaking Latinos and of previous versions.

METHODS

The adaptation was based on the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Expanded and was disseminated through social media platforms (116 days). Outcomes were impressions, shares, website link clicks, number of viewers, and access country.

RESULTS

The kids' culturally adapted version had 288,773 impressions and 1,227 shares on social media; the website was linked 9,763 times, predominantly through Facebook (Meta Platforms, Inc). User engagement and pageviews were mostly from Spain, Latin American countries, and the US.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS

The cultural adaptation of healthy eating guidelines for Spanish-speaking children was accessed in the US and worldwide. Promotion through social media had a significant impact on its reach. Cultural adaptation and paid dissemination of evidence-based materials may help close the digital divide and promote health literacy in diverse populations.