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Montgomery PC, Skandera CA, O'Sullivan NL. Phenotypic profiles of lymphocyte populations isolated from rat major salivary glands. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 1996; 11:248-53. [PMID: 9002877 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.1996.tb00177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Marker expression was studied in rat lymphocyte populations isolated from parotid, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Comparative data were also obtained for lacrimal gland and spleen populations. Increased percentages of Thy-1+ cells were found in salivary gland populations when compared to spleen with the highest percentage noted for parotid gland. Thy-1 percentages in parotid gland were comparable to those obtained with lacrimal gland. Salivary gland sIg, CD5 and CD8 cell percentages were lower than those obtained for lacrimal gland and splenic populations. The percentages of CD4-bearing cells in submandibular and sublingual gland were lower than those found in parotid gland, lacrimal gland and spleen, and the CD4:CD8 ratios in parotid gland most closely approximated those in spleen. Increased percentages of Thy-1+ lymphocytes coexpressing sIg and CD5 were obtained for all salivary gland cell populations when compared to spleen; however, percentages of salivary gland cells bearing these 3 markers were lower than noted for lacrimal gland, which contained the highest percentage. With respect to adhesion molecules, lymph node homing receptor (LNHR) and Peyer's patch homing receptor (PPHR) bearing cells were found in all glandular populations with the percentages of LNHR+ exceeding PPHR+ lymphocytes. Homing receptor bearing populations were highest in spleen and were present in equal proportions. LFA-1 was expressed by all salivary gland cell populations in greater percentages than lacrimal gland, but lower than those in spleen. VLA-4 and CD44 expression was higher in parotid gland and spleen than in submandibular and lacrimal gland. These data show that the phenotypes of resident lymphocytes in salivary gland tissues differ from lacrimal gland and spleen, as well as each other, and indicate that Thy-1+ cells in glandular tissues bear both B and T cell markers. The adhesion molecule expression data suggest that these molecules may be utilized differently in various glandular tissues, potentially contributing to the variation in phenotypic profiles of resident glandular lymphocytes.
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77
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De Bleecker JL, Engel AG, Butcher EC. Peripheral lymphoid tissue-like adhesion molecule expression in nodular infiltrates in inflammatory myopathies. Neuromuscul Disord 1996; 6:255-60. [PMID: 8887954 DOI: 10.1016/0960-8966(96)00015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-granulomatous nodular accumulations of inflammatory cells in inflammatory myopathies were studied to characterize adhesion mechanisms used for leukocyte recruitment. The nodules had a B-cell-rich center surrounded by a helper T-cell-rich peripheral zone, resembling lymph nodes. The T-cell-rich zones harbored high-walled venules resembling high endothelial venules (HEV), whose endothelia frequently expressed ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and less constantly E-selectin. This endothelial adhesion molecule profile differs from that found in polymyositis, inclusion body myositis, or dermatomyositis, but resembles that in lymphoid tissues. Also, the peripheral lymph node addressin, a vascular addressin specific for peripheral lymphoid tissue HEV, was present on many HEV. This adhesion system is probably responsible for the excessive lymphocyte recruitment. The similar cellular organization and lymphocyte recirculation mechanisms of the nodular infiltrates in muscle and of lymph nodes suggest that the former may also produce antibodies.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/analysis
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Appendix/chemistry
- Appendix/pathology
- CD3 Complex/analysis
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- CD56 Antigen/analysis
- CD56 Antigen/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/analysis
- E-Selectin/analysis
- E-Selectin/immunology
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Humans
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/immunology
- Lectins
- Lymph Nodes/chemistry
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Macrophages/chemistry
- Male
- Membrane Proteins
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Myositis/immunology
- Myositis/pathology
- Palatine Tonsil/chemistry
- Palatine Tonsil/pathology
- Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/analysis
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/immunology
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78
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Tatsumi T, Shimazaki C, Goto H, Araki S, Sudo Y, Yamagata N, Ashihara E, Inaba T, Fujita N, Nakagawa M. Expression of adhesion molecules on myeloma cells. Jpn J Cancer Res 1996; 87:837-42. [PMID: 8797890 PMCID: PMC5921175 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1996.tb02108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the expression of adhesion molecules including LFA-1 alpha (CD11a), Mac-1 (CD11b), LFA-1 beta (CD18), VLA-beta 1 (CD29), H-CAM (CD44), VLA-4 (CD49d), VLA-5 (CD49e), ICAM-1 (CD54), N-CAM (CD56), LFA-3 (CD58), VNR-beta (CD61), and LECAM-1 (CD62L) on fresh myeloma cells and human myeloma cell lines. By two-color flow cytometric analysis with anti-CD38 antibody, we demonstrated that myeloma cells were located in the strongly CD38-positive (CD38++) fractions. Fresh myeloma cells were obtained from 28 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and 3 patients with plasma cell leukemia (PCL). All myeloma cells expressed VLA-4 on their surface. Most of the myeloma cells also expressed VLA-5, ICAM-1, and LFA-3, H-CAM was strongly expressed in 3 cases of PCL and 2 cases of aggressive myeloma, and moderately expressed in other MMs. N-CAM was expressed in 68% of MMs, but none of the 3 PCLs. LFA-1 was expressed in two cases of aggressive myeloma, but not expressed in other non-aggressive myelomas. Most of the myeloma cells did not express Mac-1, VNR-beta, or LECAM-1. These results suggest that VLA-4, VLA-5, ICAM-1, LFA-3, and H-CAM are involved in cellular interaction and migration in MM, and that the expression of N-CAM and LFA-1 varies with disease activity in MM.
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79
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Drew M, Barker HF, Ball J, Pearson C, Cook G, Franklin I. Very late antigen (VLA) expression by normal and neoplastic human plasma cells; including an assessment of antibodies submitted to the Vth International Workshop on Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens using human myeloma cell lines. Leuk Res 1996; 20:619-24. [PMID: 8795696 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(95)00097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The biology of normal plasma cells and the pathophysiology of human multiple myeloma remain poorly understood. Functional assays are scarce and at present cell phenotyping is providing the most information about how human plasma cells may behave. Three different types of human plasma cells: normal, fresh neoplastic myeloma cells and plasma cell lines, have been studied for their reactivity with antibodies to the beta-1 integrins (Very Late Antigens; VLAs), including a panel obtained from the Vth International Workshop on Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens. Most plasma cell targets express VLA-4 (CD49d positive) and the common beta chain recognized by CD29. CD49e (VLA-5) was occasionally positive. Other VLAs were not usually expressed. These data suggest the wide use by plasma cells of VLA-4, possibly as a ligand with fibronectin and high endothelial venules (HEV). Of other adhesion structures expressed by plasma cells, only CD44 is seen as frequently, and this is also a HEV ligand.
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80
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Regezi JA, Dekker NP, MacPhail LA, Lozada-Nur F, McCalmont TH. Vascular adhesion molecules in oral lichen planus. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 1996; 81:682-90. [PMID: 8784900 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(96)80074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because recruitment and retention of lymphoid cells appear to be critical components of the pathogenesis of lichen planus, we have compared the expression and distribution of a panel of vascular adhesion molecules (ELAM-1, P-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, PECAM-1, CD34) and leukocyte adhesion molecule ligands (LFA-1, Mac-1, VLA4, L-selectin) in biopsies of this disease. STUDY-DESIGN Frozen sections of 12 clinically and histologically confirmed cases of lichen planus and 9 normal control tissues were evaluated immunohistochemically with a standard 1-day avidin-biotin peroxidase technique. Staining intensity of vascular endothelium was evaluated semiquantitatively. Three microvascular zones or compartments were defined and evaluated separately. RESULTS Generally, different staining patterns were observed in association with the various endothelium-associated adhesion molecules. In normal controls, PECAM was intensely expressed and VCAM-1 was weakly expressed. Intermediate staining was associated with ELAM-1, P-selectin, ICAM-1, and CD34. Staining within the three microvascular compartments frequently showed variations in intensity. In lichen planus, increased staining for ELAM-1, P-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 was evident in one or more of the microvascular compartments. In the subepithelial vascular compartment where the infiltrate was the most dense, VCAM-1 appeared to show the greatest positive change. Almost all cells in the lichen planus infiltrates stained positive for ICAM-1, L-selectin, LFA-1, and VLA4, and large numbers of cells also exhibited VCAM-1, PECAM-1, and Mac-1 immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS It appears that upregulation of ELAM-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 (especially by endothelial cells in the subepithelial vascular plexus) could play a role in the pathogenesis of lichen planus. The expression of leukocyte receptors L-selectin, LFA-1, and VLA4 by most of the cells in the lichen planus infiltrate suggest that these molecules may be responsible for recruitment as well as retention in the active lichen planus lesion.
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81
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Weyl A, Vanscheidt W, Weiss JM, Peschen M, Schopf E, Simon J. Expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin and their ligands VLA-4 and LFA-1 in chronic venous leg ulcers. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996; 34:418-23. [PMID: 8609252 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(96)90432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte binding to endothelial cells (ECs) is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of leg ulcers caused by chronic venous insufficiency. In other systems, such binding is mediated by the interaction of adhesion molecules such as intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule- (VCAM-1) and E-selectin (on ECs), and leukocyte function-associated antigen-1(LFA-1) and very late activated antigen-4 (VLA-4) (on Leukocytes). OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine whether an increased expression of these adhesion molecules contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic venous insufficiency. METHODS Twenty-seven biopsy specimens of inflamed dermatoliposclerotic skin adjacent to venous leg ulcers were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies against ICAM-1, VCAM-1, LFA-1, VLA-4, and E-selectin. Staining intensity was compared with that of normal skin. RESULTS Specimens of leg ulcers caused by chronic venous insufficiency showed increased expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 but not of E-selectin on The expression of LFA-1 and VLA-4 on perivascular leukocytes was increased dramatically in comparison to healthy skin. CONCLUSION Upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on ECs may contribute to the increased adherence and extravasation of LFA-1 and VLA-4-positive leukocytes in chronic venous insufficiency.
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82
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Kimball ES, Fisher MC. Levamisole effects on major histocompatibility complex and adhesion molecule expression and on myeloid cell adhesion to human colon tumor cell lines. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88:109-16. [PMID: 8537971 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/88.2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The drug levamisole has been successfully used in combination with fluorouracil to increase the disease-free interval and survival of patients who have undergone surgical resection of Dukes' stage C colon cancer. Levamisole is thought to affect the host immune response. Several recent studies have examined its effect on the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, but the results have been inconsistent. An equally important requirement for a host cellular immune response is the adhesion of leukocytes to tumor cells. The latter may be required for cell-mediated antitumor cytotoxic responses. PURPOSE We evaluated the ability of levamisole to affect the expression of MHC class I molecules and cell-adhesion molecules and determined whether levamisole could affect leukocyte adhesion to tumor cells that had been treated with the drug. METHODS A panel of four human colon tumor cell lines (HT-29, SW-620, HCT-15, and LoVo), A-375 human melanoma cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured in the presence of levamisole and examined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay to determine the level of expression of MHC class I, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), leukocyte integrin VLA-4, and lymphocyte-functional antigen (LFA-1) molecules. Adhesion of HL-60 and THP-1 myeloid cells to tumor cells was also evaluated. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) at 10 ng/mL was used as a positive control for increasing adhesion molecule expression and cell-cell adhesion. The statistical significance of differences in cell surface molecule expression and functional adhesion between treated and control cells were tested by use of analysis of variance and the two-tailed Dunnett's test. RESULTS Treatment with levamisole (0.1 and 1 micrograms/mL) caused the levels of MHC class I expression to increase approximately threefold above control levels on HCT-15 and LoVo colon tumor cells (P < .05 in each case) compared with untreated cells, caused minimal increases on HT-29 cells (to 1.5 times control levels), but caused no significant increases on SW-620 colon tumor or A-375 melanoma cells. The HCT-15 and LoVo colon tumor cells had very low basal MHC expression Levamisole (1 micrograms/mL) increased VCAM-1 expression on HT-29 and SW-620 colon tumor cells to 4.3 and 2.4 times (P < .05 in each case) control levels, respectively, doubled ICAM-1 expression on HT-29 cells (P < .05), and increased LFA-1 expression on HT-29, LoVo, and A-375 cells to 2.1, 3.2, and 1.8 (P < .05 in each case) times control levels, respectively. TNF (10 ng/mL) was used as a positive control and yielded increased expression of MHC class I molecules on the HT-29, LoVo, SW-620, and HCT-15 cells (2.5, 7.8, 1.9, and 4.8 times control levels, respectively; P < .05 in each case). TNF increased VCAM-1 expression to 4.2 times the vehicle-treated control levels (P < .05) on HT-29 cells and increased ICAM-1 expression on HT-29, LoVo, and SW-620 cells (8.4, 1.8, and 1.9 times vehicle control levels, respectively; P < .05 in each case). THP-1 and HL-60 cells demonstrated increased adhesion to levamisole-treated HT-29 colon tumor cells. HL-60 cells also exhibited increased levamisole-mediated adherence to LoVo and HCT-15 cells. Adherence by THP-1 was significantly improved after levamisole treatment of the HUVEC, SW-620, and A-375 cells (P < .05 in each case). CONCLUSIONS Levamisole can directly affect the expression and function of molecules that are engaged in cell-cell recognition and signaling on the surfaces of some tumor cell lines. However, no consistent pattern between cell-adhesion molecule expression, cell-cell adhesion, or levamisole concentration could be discerned.
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83
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Lautenschlager I, Höckerstedt K, Taskinen E, von Willebrand E. Expression of adhesion molecules and their ligands in liver allografts during cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and acute rejection. Transpl Int 1996; 9 Suppl 1:S213-5. [PMID: 8959830 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-00818-8_54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion molecules and their ligands are important in leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and in T-cell activation of rejection cascade. Also, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is suggested to be involved in the mechanisms of rejection. In this study, the expression of vascular adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and ELAM-1 in the liver allografts, the number of leukocytes positive for their ligands LFA-1, VLA-4 and SLex, and activation markers (class II, IL2-receptor) were investigated in liver allografts during CMV infection and acute rejection and compared to grafts with normal function and histology. The adhesion molecules, their ligands and activation markers were demonstrated from liver biopsy frozen sections by the immunoperoxidase technique and monoclonal antibodies. A significant induction of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was seen in vascular and sinusoidal endothelium associated with both CMV and rejection, and induction of ELAM-1 in vascular endothelium in rejection only. In both cases, the number of leukocytes expressing LFA-1 was significantly increased, but VLA-4-positive cells were more characteristic for CMV and SLex-positive cells more for rejection. IL2-receptor positivity was practically seen in rejection only, but class II-expressing cells were increased during both CMV infection and rejection. In conclusion, adhesion molecules were induced and the infiltrating cells expressed their ligands both in liver rejection and during CMV infection, although the expression pattern was slightly different.
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84
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Tonetti MS, Straub AM, Lang NP. Expression of the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen and the alpha IEL beta 7 integrin by intraepithelial lymphocytes in healthy and diseased human gingiva. Arch Oral Biol 1995; 40:1125-32. [PMID: 8850651 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(95)00084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence of specific phenotypes of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) was determined in healthy and diseased gingiva by immunohistochemistry. The cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) and the alpha IEL beta 7 integrin were detected with the HECA-452 and with the HML-1 monoclonal antibodies, respectively. Some 24-62% of CD3-positive intraepithelial lymphocytes expressed the CLA antigen in the junctional epithelium, while 49-54% expressed the alpha IEL beta 7 integrin. Similar results were obtained in the other gingival epithelia. The fraction of CLA-positive T cells and alpha IEL beta 7 integrin-positive T cells was significantly higher in the gingival epithelia than in the underlying connective tissue, indicating that the T-cell subsets defined by these surface adhesion molecules were selectively localized in the epithelial compartment. Comparison of the fractions of CLA-positive and alpha IEL beta 7 integrin-positive T cells across different disease groups did not show significant differences. The data indicate that intraepithelial lymphocytes expressing the CLA and the alpha IEL beta 7 phenotype are a quantitatively important component of gingival intraepithelial immunity. These adhesion molecules may play a part in the retention of specific T-cell subsets in gingival epithelia.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Connective Tissue/immunology
- Connective Tissue/pathology
- Dental Implants
- Epithelium/immunology
- Epithelium/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gingiva/immunology
- Gingiva/pathology
- Gingivitis/immunology
- Gingivitis/pathology
- Humans
- Integrins/analysis
- Integrins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Periodontitis/immunology
- Periodontitis/pathology
- Periodontitis/therapy
- Phenotype
- Psoriasis/immunology
- Psoriasis/pathology
- Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/analysis
- Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/genetics
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/pathology
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85
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Möhle R, Murea S, Kirsch M, Haas R. Differential expression of L-selectin, VLA-4, and LFA-1 on CD34+ progenitor cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood during G-CSF-enhanced recovery. Exp Hematol 1995; 23:1535-42. [PMID: 8542944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To examine mechanisms of mobilization and homing of hematopoietic progenitor cells, coexpression of CD34 and the adhesion molecules L-selectin (CD62L), VLA-4 (alpha 4 beta 1-integrin, CD49d/CD29), and LFA-1 (alpha L beta 2-integrin, CD11a/CD18) was evaluated. Samples from leukapheresis (LP) products and bone marrow (BM) were obtained on the same day from patients who received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) after cytotoxic chemotherapy. The proportion of CD34+ cells expressing L-selectin tended to be greater in LP products compared with BM. In samples from both sources, the mean fluorescence intensity of CD34 was significantly greater on CD34+/L-selectin-positive cells compared with the CD34+/L-selectin-negative cell subset. Three-color immunofluorescence showed that early CD34+/HLA-DRdim or CD34+/HLA-DR- progenitor cells were strongly positive for L-selectin, whereas L-selectin-negative cells were only found in the CD34+HLA-DRbright subset. The mean fluoresence intensity of VLA-4 and LFA-1 was significantly greater on CD34+ cells from BM compared with LP products. Moreover, a distinct population of CD34dim/VLA-4bright and CD34dim/LFA-1bright cells was found only in samples from BM. This subset may be enriched for myeloid progenitor cells, since the cloning efficiency of CD34+ cells for CFU-GM was significantly greater in BM samples than in LP products. Binding of CD34+ cells to endothelial cells was partially inhibited by a blocking antibody to beta 2-integrin. In conclusion, L-selectin is expressed in significant amounts on more primitive CD34+ cells which circulate in considerable numbers in the peripheral blood. This suggests that L-selectin plays a role in redistribution and homing of hematopoietic progenitor cells to the bone marrow following cytotoxic damage. Conversely, strong expression of VLA-4 and LFA-1 was mainly found on lineage-committed progenitor cells of the bone marrow.
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86
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Karakantza M, Cavenagh JD, Gordon-Smith EC, Gibson FM. Adhesion molecule expression on CD34+ progenitor cells from normal and aplastic anaemia bone marrow. Br J Haematol 1995; 91:800-3. [PMID: 8547121 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1995.tb05392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Aplastic anaemia (AA) is a disease of bone marrow failure. Evidence has been produced for both a stem cell and a stromal cell defect in this disease. The contribution of deficient or defective cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) has not been determined. CAMs have been shown to be important in stem cell-stromal cell interactions and maintenance of haemopoiesis. In this study the expression of CAMs (LFA-1, LFA-3, ICAM-1. VLA-4, CD44, sLex and L-selectin) on CD34+ progenitor cells from 10 normal donors and eight patients with AA was investigated using double immunofluorescence. There was no significant difference in the percentage of CD34+ cells that were CAM+ between normal and AA bone marrow, suggesting that abnormal CAM expression on AA progenitor cells is not responsible for nor contributes to the pathogenesis of the disease. However, these findings do not exclude abnormal CAM function on progenitor cells, or abnormal expression or function of CAM ligands or counter-receptors on AA stromal cells.
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87
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Reid SD, Uff CR, Saeed I, Ross J, Wood RF, Pockley AG. Differential expression of adhesion molecules during rat small bowel allograft rejection. Transplantation 1995; 60:989-92. [PMID: 7491706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) (alpha and beta chains), and very late activation antigen-4 (VLA-4) have an essential role in cell-cell interactions and the initiation of immune responses. This study used an indirect immunoperoxidase technique to investigate the expression of these molecules in the lamina propria of allografts and isografts after heterotopic rat small bowel transplantation. Normal untransplanted small bowel served as additional controls. Overall, ICAM-1 and LFA-1 alpha expression was significantly higher in allografts, although there was variable expression of these molecules in isografted animals. There were temporal differences in the expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 alpha in that increased ICAM-1 expression was more pronounced in the the early posttransplant period, whereas there was a progressive increase in LFA-1 alpha as rejection developed. In contrast, there was no difference between allograft and isograft expression of LFA-1 beta and VLA-4. This study has demonstrated a preferential increase in adhesion molecule expression with developing rat small bowel allograft rejection and suggests that adhesion molecules are involved in the development and progression of allograft rejection. Although the observed differences in antigen expression are not as marked as those previously reported in other organ transplants, appropriate adhesion molecules may present suitable targets for immunotherapeutic protocols after small bowel transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/analysis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis
- Gene Expression
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Rejection/pathology
- Integrin alpha4beta1
- Integrins/analysis
- Integrins/biosynthesis
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/biosynthesis
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Intestine, Small/transplantation
- Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/analysis
- Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/biosynthesis
- Macromolecular Substances
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Strains
- Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/analysis
- Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/biosynthesis
- Time Factors
- Transplantation, Heterotopic
- Transplantation, Homologous/immunology
- Transplantation, Homologous/pathology
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88
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Driessens MH, Van Rijthoven EA, Kemperman H, Roos E. Adhesion of lymphoma cells to fibronectin: differential use of alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 integrins and stimulation by the 9EG7 mAb against the murine beta 1 integrin subunit. CELL ADHESION AND COMMUNICATION 1995; 3:327-36. [PMID: 8821034 DOI: 10.3109/15419069509081017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Murine ESb and MDAY-D2 lymphoma cells are highly metastatic, in particular to the liver, and are highly invasive in hepatocyte cultures. This may involve adhesion to hepatocyte surface-associated fibronectin (Kemperman et al., 1994, Cell Adh. and Communic. 2:45). Both ESb and MDAY-D2 cells express the fibronectin receptor alpha 4 beta 1, and MDAY-D2 cells in addition also alpha 5 beta 1. Yet, adhesion of ESb cells to fibronectin was low, and MDAY-D2 cells did not adhere at all, but adhesion of both cells was stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and Mn2+. In ESb cells, this adhesion was mediated by alpha 4 beta 1. In MDAY-D2 cells, however, only alpha 5 beta 1 was involved, despite alpha 4 beta 1 levels similar to ESb cells. The alpha 4 beta 1 integrin was functional since it mediated adhesion of MDAY-D2 cells to VCAM-1. An alpha 5 beta 1-negative variant of MDAY-D2 adhered to fibronectin and this was mediated by alpha 4 beta 1. These results indicate that alpha 4 beta 1 function in these cells is suppressed in the presence of alpha 5 beta 1. Adhesion of ESb cells to hepatocytes was inhibited by anti-alpha 4 antibody, but only by 30%, and fibronectin adhesion was found to have no role in the interaction of MDAY-D2 cells with hepatocytes. This suggests that alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 function is not activated during this interaction. The 9EG7 antibody against mouse beta 1 integrin was described to inhibit beta 1 integrins (Lenter et al., 1993, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, 9051). In contrast, we observed that 9EG7 stimulated beta 1-integrin function: Adhesion of ESb and MDAY-D2 cells not only to fibronectin, but also to laminin was induced or enhanced.
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Langley JG, Boros DL. T-lymphocyte responsiveness in murine schistosomiasis mansoni is dependent upon the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, and very late antigen-4. Infect Immun 1995; 63:3980-6. [PMID: 7558308 PMCID: PMC173559 DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.10.3980-3986.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Granuloma formation in murine schistosomiasis is dependent on CD4+ Th lymphocytes and requires recruitment and accumulation of inflammatory cells at the site of egg deposition. The present study examined the role of three adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), and very late antigen-4 (VLA-4), that participate in cellular recruitment, interaction, and lymphocyte activation during in vitro activation of acutely and chronically infected spleen and liver granuloma lymphocytes. Blockade of ICAM-1, LFA-1, or VLA-4 by rat monoclonal antibody inhibited spleen and granuloma lymphocyte interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 production as well as lymphoproliferative responses at similar levels (66 to 87%). The down-modulated cytokine and proliferative responses of chronically infected lymphocytes were inhibited to the same extent as their acutely infected counterparts. Cell sorting analysis demonstrated that acutely and chronically infected splenic and granuloma lymphocytes expressed similar levels of LFA-1, ICAM-1, and VLA-4 and that more ICAM-1 was expressed on infected than on uninfected mouse lymphocytes. By exposure of cells to paired monoclonal antibodies at suboptimal doses, it was determined that whereas all three adhesion molecules may participate, only ICAM-1 and LFA-1 showed synergistic interactions in determining lymphocyte responsiveness. These data suggest that spleen and liver granuloma lymphocytes are equally well armed with functional adhesion receptors. Thus, ICAM-1, LFA-1, and VLA-4 play an important accessory role in inflammatory cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation, and therefore these adhesion molecules may participate in the initiation and maintenance of the granulomatous inflammation.
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90
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Pizer BL, Moss T, Oakhill A, Webb D, Coakham HB. Congenital astroblastoma: an immunohistochemical study. Case report. J Neurosurg 1995; 83:550-5. [PMID: 7545227 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1995.83.3.0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Astroblastoma is a rare type of glial tumor, usually occurring in older children and young adults. It has a distinctive histological appearance that is characterized by a radiating arrangement of tumor cells that form perivascular pseudorosettes. The authors report only the second case of astroblastoma presenting in congenital form. Following subtotal tumor resection, the infant received 10 courses of chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatinum. Evidence is presented for a tumor response to chemotherapy, a previously unreported observation. The child is alive 2.5 years after diagnosis with satisfactory functional status. Immunohistological and ultrastructural features of this tumor are presented. The discussion focuses on the biology, natural history, and management of this unusual neoplasm.
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91
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Uhl-Steidl M, Müller-Holzner E, Zeimet AG, Adolf GR, Daxenbichler G, Marth C, Dapunt O. Prognostic value of CD44 splice variant expression in ovarian cancer. Oncology 1995; 52:400-6. [PMID: 7543667 DOI: 10.1159/000227497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In 44 ovarian cancers, CD44 variant (CD44v) expression was investigated immunohistochemically using a variant-specific polyclonal antibody. Patients with CD44v-positive carcinomas had a significantly shorter disease-free survival than patients with CD44v-negative tumors. Overall survival was also significantly reduced for stages III and IV of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Furthermore, a highly significant inverse correlation was observed between CD44v expression and preoperative platelet count. Urinary neopterin concentration, a marker of cell-mediated immunostimulation, did not differ between CD44v-positive and -negative ovarian cancer patients. Moreover, in seven ovarian carcinoma cell lines, modulation of CD44v expression was analyzed by living cell radioimmunoassay. Interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor, transforming growth factor-beta, all-trans retinoic acid and cisplatin did not affect CD44v expression.
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92
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93
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Walunas TL, Bruce DS, Dustin L, Loh DY, Bluestone JA. Ly-6C is a marker of memory CD8+ T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1995; 155:1873-83. [PMID: 7543536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study examined long-term phenotypic and functional effects of TCR ligation in vivo. Flow cytometric analysis of T cells from mice treated with anti-CD3 revealed an increase in CD44 expression in both the CD4+ and CD8+ populations. The phenotypic changes were a result of TCR engagement, because treatment with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) resulted in a preferential increase in CD44 expression on the SEB-reactive V beta 8 T cells. In addition, the percentage of cells expressing Ly-6C increased among the CD8+ subset after anti-CD3 treatment and in the V beta 8+ CD8+ subset after treatment with SEB. Finally, the TCR transgenic (Tg) mouse strain 2C was used to confirm that the phenotypic changes can be induced by exposure to a physiologic ligand (H-2Ld). Before treatment, nearly all of the Tg+CD8+ cells were CD44low/Ly-6C-. Tg+ peritoneal exudate T cells isolated from mice challenged with P815 cells (H-2Ld) up-regulated Ly-6C and secreted higher levels of IFN-gamma on a per Tg+ CD8+ T cell basis after treatment. Taken together, these data indicate that in vivo TCR/CD3 engagement results in phenotypic and functional changes in T cells. Furthermore, Ly-6C expression correlates with an increase in IFN-gamma production after antigenic stimulation of CD8+ T cells, suggesting that it is a "memory" marker that correlates with Ag-specific functional changes in CD8+ T cells.
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94
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Southgate J, Trejdosiewicz LK, Smith B, Selby PJ. Patterns of splice variant CD44 expression by normal human urothelium in situ and in vitro and by bladder-carcinoma cell lines. Int J Cancer 1995; 62:449-56. [PMID: 7543458 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910620415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CD44 core and splice variant exon expression was investigated in the stratified transitional epithelium of the urinary tract and in normal and malignant bladder epithelial cell lines in vitro. Antibodies against core CD44 epitopes and splice exon variants v3, v4/5, v5 and v6 showed an intense reaction in the basal and lower intermediate urothelial cell layers, which was consistently lost from the upper intermediate and superficial cell layers. Seven independent cell lines established from normal human urothelium expressed complex multiple-spliced CD44 mRNA transcripts when tested by RT-PCR and were positive with antibodies against CD44 core epitopes and splice variants v3, v4/5, v5 and v6. Of the 13 bladder-carcinoma cell lines, all were positive for CD44 core. The more differentiated cell lines had retained some splice-variant antibody reactivity and showed multiple but less complex CD44 mRNA transcript patterns, compared with normal cells. Anaplastic cell lines did not react with variant antibodies and did not contain multiple-spliced CD44 transcripts. These data suggest that loss of alternatively-spliced CD44 may reflect a selection pressure in the evolution of anaplastic bladder cancers.
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95
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Gold JE, Masters TR, Osband ME. Autolymphocyte therapy. III. Effective adjuvant adoptive cellular therapy with in vivo anti-tumor specificity against murine melanoma and carcinoma using ex-vivo-activated memory T-lymphocytes. J Surg Res 1995; 59:279-86. [PMID: 7543632 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.1995.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Autolymphocyte therapy (ALT) is adoptive cellular therapy of neoplastic disease based upon ex vivo activation of lymphocytes by either the supernatant derived from a previously prepared one-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) or using low doses of the mitogenic monoclonal antibody OKT3 and a mixture of previously prepared cytokines (T3CS). We have previously demonstrated that nonspecific ex vivo activation of splenocytes from murine tumor-bearing hosts (TBH) using an MLC-supernatant or T3CS without the use of tumor antigen results in the expansion of the CD44+ (memory) T-cell subset. These CD44+ T-cells are the principal mediators of anti-tumor specificity in the ALT-cell population in advanced metastatic murine tumors and are able to protect against tumor challenge in healthy syngeneic mice (HSM). To determine if ALT is effective in an adjuvant setting, C57BL/6J splenocytes from HSM and TBH with B16 melanoma or Lewis lung (3LL) carcinoma were activated ex vivo using T3CS. Mice were implanted with either B16 melanoma or 3LL carcinoma and then underwent surgical excision of tumor. Tumor-excised mice (TEM) then received small numbers (10(6)) of ALT-cells derived from 3LL-TBH or B16-TBH splenocytes, HSM-derived ALT-cells, fresh splenocytes derived from 3LL-TBH or B16-TBH, or CD44-depleted ALT-cells. Significant anti-tumor activity as shown by prolonged survival (Day 100), cure of disease, and rejection of a local and systemic tumor rechallenge was demonstrated in 3LL-TEM that received B16-derived ALT-cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/therapy
- Carrier Proteins/analysis
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cytokines/therapeutic use
- Hyaluronan Receptors
- Immunologic Memory
- Immunophenotyping
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Interleukin-2/therapeutic use
- Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated/immunology
- Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated/physiology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/pathology
- Melanoma/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Cell Surface/analysis
- Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing/analysis
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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96
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Vilardell C, Khalil MZ, Vilella R, Milá J, Rojo I, Vives J, Gayá A, Martorell J. Porcine epitopes recognized by mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies. Transplant Proc 1995; 27:2367-8. [PMID: 7544505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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97
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98
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Rosenbloom AJ, Pinsky MR, Bryant JL, Shin A, Tran T, Whiteside T. Leukocyte activation in the peripheral blood of patients with cirrhosis of the liver and SIRS. Correlation with serum interleukin-6 levels and organ dysfunction. JAMA 1995. [PMID: 7540697 DOI: 10.1001/jama.1995.03530010072037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leukocyte adhesion plays an important role in inflammation. Adhesion molecules such as CD11b on polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMNs) up-regulate in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and other mediators that are involved in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). This study examined the behavior of CD11b and other membrane molecules in SIRS in relation to serum cytokines and the severity of illness. DESIGN Survey study. SETTING Liver transplantation intensive care unit at a tertiary care center. PATIENTS A consecutive sample of 22 patients admitted to the liver transplantation intensive care unit for complications related to cirrhosis of the liver in the absence of other disease. Sixteen of the patients developed SIRS and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with suspected bacterial infections. Seven control subjects were also studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Modified Goris organ failure score and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score. RESULTS Mean serum IL-6 levels, but not IL-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, correlated with organ failure (r = 0.79, P < .001). Leukocyte cell-surface markers fluctuated from day to day. The mean of several values was more stable. Mean CD11b and CD35 on PMNs correlated with serum IL-6 level (r = 0.75, P < .001, and r = 0.77, P < .005, respectively). Up-regulation of both CD11b and CD35 display on PMNs correlated with organ failure (r = 0.74, P < .001, and r = 0.71, P < .01, respectively). Polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte L-selectin, CD31, and CD16 were simultaneously decreased, consistent with PMN activation. Monocytes appeared to be activated, but the pattern of surface molecule display was different. CONCLUSIONS In human SIRS, the circulating monocyte and PMN pools undergo alterations suggestive of leukocyte activation, including up-regulation of PMN CD11b in correlation with the serum IL-6 level and severity of organ dysfunction.
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99
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Ristamäki R, Joensuu H, Söderström KO, Jalkanen S. CD44v6 expression in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: an association with low histological grade and poor prognosis. J Pathol 1995; 176:259-67. [PMID: 7545748 DOI: 10.1002/path.1711760308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The family of CD44 glycoproteins has diverse functions in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The standard form of CD44 is of importance in the dissemination of lymphoma, whereas the clinical significance of the variant exon v6-containing forms of CD44 (CD44v6) is not known. The expression of different forms of CD44 was investigated by using antibodies against the constant part of CD44 (CD44c) and CD44v6 in 56 primary and 17 recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and correlated with several clinicopathological parameters and with prognosis. Fifty-seven per cent of the primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas expressed CD44v6 and 73 per cent expressed the constant epitope. Expression of both CD44c and CD44v6 was associated with low histological grade of malignancy. CD44c expression was associated with a low cellular proliferation rate as assessed by DNA flow cytometry. Of several factors tested, high expression of the variant from v6 was the only factor that was associated with unfavourable recurrence-free survival (P = 0.04). We conclude that CD44v6 is associated with a low histological grade, but, on the other hand, with an unfavourable outcome, which suggests that the combination of CD44v6 and histological grading may form a particularly strong prognostic parameter in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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100
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Ohgami A, Sugio K, Mitsudomi T, Tsuda T, Yasumoto K. [Expression of CD44 alternative splicing variants in lung cancer]. NIHON RINSHO. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE 1995; 53:1704-1709. [PMID: 7630011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Expression of isoforms of the CD44 is generated by alternative splicing of CD44 gene; CD44H: lacks all 10 alternative exons, CD44R: the alternative exons v8 to v10, CD44V: other group of variants which contains the alternative exon v6. In some tumors such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and melanoma, over-expressed CD44 isoform which contains such alternative-spliced variant exons may play a causative role in tumor metastasis. In lung cancer, however, the role of CD44 variants in tumor progression and metastasis is uncertain. In our study and reported literature, no definite correlation was observed between the expression of specific CD44 isoform and tumor progression or metastasis of lung cancer.
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