1001
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Miller M. New ways to define conditions related to pain and addiction. WMJ : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE STATE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN 2002; 100:26-7. [PMID: 11579796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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1002
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Chiou CH, Miller M, Wilson DL, Trail F, Linz JE. Chromosomal location plays a role in regulation of aflatoxin gene expression in Aspergillus parasiticus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68:306-15. [PMID: 11772640 PMCID: PMC126543 DOI: 10.1128/aem.68.1.306-315.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nor-1 gene in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus parasiticus encodes a ketoreductase involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. To study environmental influences on nor-1 expression, we generated plasmid pAPGUSNNB containing a nor-1 promoter-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) (encoded by uidA) reporter fusion with niaD (encodes nitrate reductase) as a selectable marker. niaD transformants of A. parasiticus strain NR-1 (niaD) carried pAPGUSNNB integrated predominantly at the nor-1 or niaD locus. Expression of the native nor-1 and nor-1::GUS reporter was compared in transformants grown under aflatoxin-inducing conditions by Northern and Western analyses and by qualitative and quantitative GUS activity assays. The timing and level of nor-1 promoter function with pAPGUSNNB integrated at nor-1 was similar to that observed for the native nor-1 gene. In contrast, nor-1 promoter activity in pAPGUSNNB and a second nor-1::GUS reporter construct, pBNG3.0, was not detectable when integration occurred at niaD. Because niaD-dependent regulation could account for the absence of expression at niaD, a third chromosomal location was analyzed using pAPGUSNP, which contained nor-1::GUS plus pyrG (encodes OMP decarboxylase) as a selectable marker. GUS expression was detectable only when pAPGUSNP integrated at nor-1 and was not detectable at pyrG, even under growth conditions that required pyrG expression. nor-1::GUS is regulated similarly to the native nor-1 gene when it is integrated at its homologous site within the aflatoxin gene cluster but is not expressed at native nor-1 levels at two locations outside of the aflatoxin gene cluster. We conclude that the GUS reporter system can be used effectively to measure nor-1 promoter activity and that nor-1 is subject to position-dependent regulation in the A. parasiticus chromosome.
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1003
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Kim D, Wang L, Caldwell CG, Chen P, Finke PE, Oates B, MacCoss M, Mills SG, Malkowitz L, Gould SL, DeMartino JA, Springer MS, Hazuda D, Miller M, Kessler J, Danzeisen R, Carver G, Carella A, Holmes K, Lineberger J, Schleif WA, Emini EA. Design, synthesis, and SAR of heterocycle-containing antagonists of the human CCR5 receptor for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:3103-6. [PMID: 11720852 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the large hydantoin-indole moiety from our previous work with a variety of smaller heterocyclic analogues gave rise to potent CCR5 antagonists having binding affinity comparable to the hydantoin analogues. The synthesis, SAR, and biological profiles of this class of antagonists are described.
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1004
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Kim D, Wang L, Caldwell CG, Chen P, Finke PE, Oates B, MacCoss M, Mills SG, Malkowitz L, Gould SL, DeMartino JA, Springer MS, Hazuda D, Miller M, Kessler J, Danzeisen R, Carver G, Carella A, Holmes K, Lineberger J, Schleif WA, Emini EA. Discovery of human CCR5 antagonists containing hydantoins for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:3099-102. [PMID: 11720851 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of hydantoin derivatives has been discovered as highly potent nonpeptide antagonists for the human CCR5 receptor. The synthesis, SAR, and biological profiles of this class of antagonists are described.
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1005
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Willoughby CA, Berk SC, Rosauer KG, Degrado S, Chapman KT, Gould SL, Springer MS, Malkowitz L, Schleif WA, Hazuda D, Miller M, Kessler J, Danzeisen R, Holmes K, Lineberger J, Carella A, Carver G, Emini EA. Combinatorial synthesis of CCR5 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:3137-41. [PMID: 11720860 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the preparation of a combinatorial library of compounds with potent CCR5 binding affinity. The library design was aided by SAR generated in a traditional medicinal chemistry effort. Compounds with novel combinations of subunits were discovered that have high binding affinity for the CCR5 receptor. A potent CCR5 antagonist from the library, compound 11 was found to have moderate anti-HIV-1 activity.
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1006
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Miller M, Kearney N. Nurses' knowledge and attitudes towards cancer-related fatigue. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2001; 5:208-17; discussion 218-20. [PMID: 12849618 DOI: 10.1054/ejon.2001.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue is the most common symptom associated with cancer and cancer treatment and is now widely recognized as a significant problem for patients with cancer (Ream & Richardson 1999). Although the profile of cancer-related fatigue has grown over the past few years within the specialty of oncology, not all patients with cancer receive care from cancer specialists. As a result of restructuring of cancer services, the majority of patients within the UK receive their cancer treatment outwith a cancer centre and are supported by District General Hospitals and community-based services. Consequently, it is appropriate to evaluate nurses' fatigue knowledge and attitudes across a range of clinical settings caring for patients with cancer. Nurses were recruited from community, general medical, general surgical and oncology clinical settings (n=470). A postal questionnaire to evaluate fatigue knowledge and attitudes was administered. A response rate of 43% was achieved. Data were analysed descriptively. Underestimation of fatigue incidence (by 28% of respondents), poor knowledge and practice regarding fatigue assessment and management, and poor fatigue communication practices were common throughout all clinical areas. However, nurses from all settings consistently demonstrated a good understanding of the impact of fatigue on patients with cancer and an appreciation of the importance of the role of the nurse in fatigue management. While oncology nurses demonstrated the greatest fatigue knowledge, these were not significantly better than the other specialties. A significant proportion of nurses caring for patients with cancer are unaware of fatigue's incidence, assessment and management. As cancer incidence rates are set to rise and the spectrum of clinical settings in which patients receive their care is increasing, it is imperative that this common and debilitating symptom receives appropriate recognition from health-care professionals. A number of strategies to enhance knowledge and information dissemination should be initiated to ensure that patient outcomes in relation to cancer-related fatigue are improved.
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1007
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Deeks SG, Barditch-Crovo P, Collier A, Smith A, Miller M, McGowan I, Coakley DF. Hydroxyurea does not enhance the anti-HIV activity of low-dose tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2001; 28:336-9. [PMID: 11707669 DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200112010-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF) is an adenosine analogue with significant activity against HIV-1. Hydroxyurea decreases the intracellular concentrations of deoxyadenosine triphosphate, the active metabolite of adenosine. We therefore tested the hypothesis that hydroxyurea could enhance the anti-HIV activity of low-dose tenofovir in vivo. Eight patients received tenofovir DF, 75 mg, plus hydroxyurea, 500 mg bid, for 28 days. Changes in plasma HIV RNA levels were compared with a previously studied cohort of patients treated with tenofovir DF, 75 mg once daily ( n = 8), or tenofovir placebo ( n = 12). The median change in HIV RNA levels after 28 days of continuous treatment was -0.01 log(10) copies/ml for tenofovir placebo, -0.33 log(10) copies/ml for tenofovir 75 mg once daily, and -0.22 log(10) copies RNA/ml for tenofovir plus hydroxyurea. The difference between placebo and tenofovir-treated groups was significant ( p <.05); however, the difference between the tenofovir and tenofovir plus hydroxyurea groups was not significant ( p =.90). We conclude that hydroxyurea does not significantly enhance the antiviral activity of low-dose tenofovir.
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1008
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Benden D, Miller M, Hatoum N. 39-day delay in delivery of twins. A case report. THE JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2001; 46:1071-7. [PMID: 11789089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed delivery is a rare occurrence in the literature despite advances in reproductive technology and increasing numbers of multiple gestations. CASE A 30-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 0010, presented at 23 weeks and 3 days' gestation with a twin pregnancy. An interval of 39 days was achieved between delivery of the first and second fetus with aggressive tocolysis and antibiotic therapy. Follow-up at three years revealed the second twin to be a fully functioning boy. CONCLUSION Forty citations in the literature have examined delayed delivery. With careful patient selection and thorough patient counseling, delayed delivery offers a safe and beneficial management option for selected multiple gestations.
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1009
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine public attitudes in the United States concerning gun carrying. SETTING In the past 15 years, many state legislatures have passed laws making it easier for United States citizens to carry concealed firearms, not only on the street but into various locations, including churches and government buildings. METHODS National random digit dial telephone surveys conducted in 1996 and 1999 asked questions concerning the public's feelings of safety as more people in their community carry firearms, and whether, in the language of the question, respondents believe "regular" citizens should be allowed to carry guns into public or government buildings. RESULTS Americans feel less safe rather than more safe as more people in their community begin to carry guns. By margins of at least nine to one, Americans do not believe that "regular" citizens should be allowed to bring their guns into restaurants, college campuses, sports stadiums, bars, hospitals, or government buildings. CONCLUSIONS The public believes that increased gun carrying by others reduces rather than increases their safety. Overwhelmingly, the public believes that in many venues gun carrying should be prohibited.
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1010
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1011
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Miller M, Bowen JR, Gibson FL, Hand PJ, Ungerer JA. Behaviour problems in extremely low birthweight children at 5 and 8 years of age. Child Care Health Dev 2001; 27:569-81. [PMID: 11737023 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2214.2001.00223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the prevalence and stability of behaviour problems and their prediction from neonatal, medical and family context factors in a group of extremely low birthweight (ELBW) infants assessed at 5 and 8 years of age. Behaviour problems were identified on the basis of several measures: the Total Behaviour Problem Scale and the Adaptive Function Scale of the Child Behaviour Checklist, and the Hyperactivity Index and Hyperactivity Scale from the Conners' Rating Scale. In this group of ELBW infants, the prevalence of behaviour difficulties was somewhat lower than that reported in other studies, and varied according to the measure and informant (parent vs. teacher) used. Also, there was little continuity between those children identified by their parents at 5 years of age as having behaviour problems and those children identified by parent and/or teacher report at 8 years of age. Most of the children identified with behaviour difficulties at 8 years were also reported to have academic difficulties. None of the neonatal or medical factors predicted behaviour difficulties at 8 years of age. In contrast, two family context factors, maternal level of education and family stress, were related to behaviour difficulties at 8 years. These findings indicate that ELBW and the often associated medical complications may not necessarily predispose infants to develop subsequent behaviour difficulties later on in childhood.
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1012
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Cho JY, Miller M, Baek KJ, Castaneda D, Nayar J, Roman M, Raz E, Broide DH. Immunostimulatory DNA sequences inhibit respiratory syncytial viral load, airway inflammation, and mucus secretion. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108:697-702. [PMID: 11692091 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.119918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunostimulatory DNA sequences (ISS) activate the innate immune system to generate antiviral cytokines, such as IFN-gamma. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether ISS could reduce viral load, mucus secretion, airway inflammation, and airway hyperreactivity to methacholine in a mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. METHODS Mice were pretreated with ISS 6 days before RSV infection, and lung indices of RSV viral load (viral titer and PCR), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokines (IFN-gamma), airway inflammation (peribronchial inflammation and periodic acid-Schiff-positive mucus cells), and airway hyperreactivity (methacholine responsiveness) were assessed 4 to 6 days after RSV infection. RESULTS ISS induced the expression of the antiviral cytokine IFN-gamma in the lung, and this was associated with significantly reduced RSV viral titers, mucus secretion, and peribronchial inflammation. ISS reduced, but did not significantly inhibit, RSV-induced airway hyperreactivity to methacholine. CONCLUSION Because ISS induced significant levels of lung IFN-gamma, an immunization strategy based solely on the administration of IFN-gamma may be insufficient to inhibit RSV-induced airway hyperreactivity to methacholine, an endpoint important in the subset of RSV-infected subjects with asthma.
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1013
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Sawaya GF, Sung HY, Kearney KA, Miller M, Kinney W, Hiatt RA, Mandelblatt J. Advancing age and cervical cancer screening and prognosis. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001; 49:1499-504. [PMID: 11890589 DOI: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.4911243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine associations between advancing age and screening behavior and prognosis in long-term members of a prepaid health plan diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer (ICC). DESIGN Case series. SETTING Prepaid health plan. PARTICIPANTS All women diagnosed with ICC at Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program-Northern California health plan from 1988 to 1994. MEASUREMENTS From medical records, we recorded participants' age, stage at diagnosis, tumor histology, and results of and reasons for all previous cervical smears. We limited our analysis to women who had been members of the health plan for at least 30 of the 36 months preceding diagnosis (n = 455). RESULTS Women in older age groups were less likely than younger women to have been screened within the 3 years before diagnosis (P = .005 for trend). Nonadherence to follow-up of abnormal cervical smears was uncommon (17/455, 3.7%) and not age related (P = .932 for trend). The proportions of ICC that were interval cancers, defined as ICC diagnosed within 3 years of a negative screening smear, were highest in women under age 30 (P = .004 for trend). In multivariate analyses controlling for stage at diagnosis, women age 60 and older were not more likely to die of ICC within 3 years of diagnosis than were women younger than age 60 (odds ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval 0.75-2.28). CONCLUSION The disproportionate burden of cervical cancer observed in older women appears to be largely attributable to lack of screening within the 3 years before diagnosis.
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1014
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Snakard EP, Miller M, Berridge B, Gowda A, McNichols RJ, Fossum T. Cooled-tip diode laser catheter for improved catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia. J INVEST SURG 2001; 14:357-66. [PMID: 11905503 DOI: 10.1080/089419301753435729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Catheter ablation for the treatment of arrhythmias has evolved dramatically over the past two decades. Researchers have investigated alternative energy sources and catheter constructs to improve the efficacy and safety of catheter ablation. This study tested the hypothesis that a new prototype cooled-tip laser catheter used with a low-power diode laser would improve catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardias. Four mongrel dogs underwent a median sternotomy. The cooled-tip laser catheter was advanced into the left ventricle via the left carotid artery and positioned adjacent to the endocardium. Laser powers of 3 and 4 W were delivered at four exposure times to select areas of the endocardium. During application of laser energy, room-temperature saline was circulated through the catheter. At necropsy the hearts were examined and fixed in formalin for histologic examination. Gross examination of the endocardial surfaces showed no indication of crater or thrombus formation. Cross-section of the lesions revealed sharply demarcated, circular-shaped areas of coagulative necrosis extending into the mid-myocardium. Areas of coagulative necrosis were identified within the myocardium extending into the mid-myocardium and occasionally the subepicardium. A sharp line of demarcation was observed between the lesions and the surrounding normal myocardium. The results of this study showed that we could use surface cooling during slow laser heating to create large subsurface lesions with characteristics appropriate for treatment of ventricular tachycardia and little to no surface damage. We believe our catheter system addresses many of the previous issues with laser-based approaches.
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1015
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Abstract
AIMS To examine gender differences in syringe exchange program (SEP) use, particularly frequent SEP use, within and across survey years. DESIGN Three consecutive, anonymous cross-sectional surveys. SETTING The SEP in Oslo, Norway. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred and eighty-eight, 449 and 523 SEP participants interviewed during comparable 1-week periods in 1992, 1994 and 1997, respectively. MEASUREMENTS Brief structured questionnaires assessed SEP use, HIV risk behaviors and self-reported HIV status. Chi square statistics, t-tests and analysis of variance were used to identify gender differences; logistic regression was used to identify independent correlates of frequent SEP use. FINDINGS Women reported injecting more frequently than men, but neither reported more frequent SEP use nor acquiring more syringes during an exchange. Although syringe sharing decreased significantly over time, in 1997, 51% of SEP participants continued to share. HIV prevalence remained low (3-5%) over time. After controlling for gender, age and HIV risk factors, frequent SEP use was significantly correlated with frequent injection for both women (OR = 1.4) and men (OR = 1.5). A lack of income or benefits independently increased the likelihood of being a frequent SEP user (OR = 3.0), while having shared a syringe at last injection independently decreased this likelihood (OR = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS Gender was not associated with frequent SEP use; rather, the single most important correlate of frequent SEP use was injection frequency. Women's need for sterile syringes may not be fully addressed, despite the existence of a well-established and well-utilized SEP.
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1016
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Broide DH, Stachnick G, Castaneda D, Nayar J, Miller M, Cho J, Rodriquez M, Roman M, Raz E. Immunostimulatory DNA mediates inhibition of eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperreactivity independent of natural killer cells in vivo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108:759-63. [PMID: 11692101 DOI: 10.1067/mai.2001.118795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunostimulatory DNA sequences (ISS) inhibit eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperreactivity in mouse models of asthma. In vitro ISS activate natural killer (NK) cells to secrete IFN-gamma, and this cytokine is hypothesized to contribute to the antiallergic effect of ISS in vivo. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether ISS activation of NK cells is important in mediating the reduction in airway hyperreactivity and the antieosinophilic effect of ISS in vivo. METHODS We assessed whether ISS modulated the development of eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity to methacholine in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and OVA allergen-challenged mice pretreated with an antibody to deplete NK cells. RESULTS Mice sensitized and challenged with OVA had significant bronchoalveolar lavage and lung eosinophilia, as well as airway hyperresponsiveness. ISS induced significant inhibition of bronchoalveolar lavage and lung eosinophilia, as well as airway hyperresponsiveness, in OVA-sensitized mice pretreated before OVA challenge with an NK cell-depleting antibody (NK(-) mice), as well as in mice pretreated with a control non-NK cell-depleting antibody (NK(+) mice). The NK cell-depleting antibody inhibited ISS-induced IFN-gamma production by spleen cells. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that depletion of NK cells has no significant effect on ISS-mediated inhibition of airway eosinophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo, suggesting that non-NK cells and cytokines other than IFN-gamma derived from NK cells mediate the majority of the ISS-inhibitory effect on eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo.
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1017
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Hale JJ, Budhu RJ, Holson EB, Finke PE, Oates B, Mills SG, MacCoss M, Gould SL, DeMartino JA, Springer MS, Siciliano S, Malkowitz L, Schleif WA, Hazuda D, Miller M, Kessler J, Danzeisen R, Holmes K, Lineberger J, Carella A, Carver G, Emini E. 1,3,4-Trisubstituted pyrrolidine CCR5 receptor antagonists. Part 2: lead optimization affording selective, orally bioavailable compounds with potent anti-HIV activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2741-5. [PMID: 11591514 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of the structure-activity relationships of 1,3,4-trisubstituted pyrrolidine human CCR5 receptor antagonists afforded orally bioavailable compounds with the ability to inhibit HIV replication in vitro.
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1018
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Zhou ZL, Chen J, Soong SB, Young A, Jiang X, Alarcon R, Arenhövel H, Bernstein A, Bertozzi W, Comfort J, Dodson G, Dolfini S, Dooley A, Dow K, Farkhondeh M, Gilad S, Hicks R, Hotta A, Joo K, Kaloskamis NI, Karabarbounis A, Kowalski S, Kunz C, Margaziotis DJ, Mertz C, Miller M, Miskimen R, Miura T, Miyase H, Papanicolas CN, Peterson G, Ramirez A, Rowntree D, Sarty AJ, Shaw J, Suda T, Tamae T, Tieger D, Tjon JA, Tschalaer C, Tsentalovich E, Turchinetz W, Vellidis CE, Warren GA, Weinstein LB, Williamson S, Zhao J, Zwart T. Relativistic effects and two-body currents in (H)((-->)e(')p)n using out-of-plane detection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2001; 87:172301. [PMID: 11690266 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.172301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the (2)H((-->)e,e(')p)n reaction were performed with the out-of-plane magnetic spectrometers (OOPS) at the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator. The longitudinal-transverse, f(LT) and f(')(LT), and the transverse-transverse, f(TT), interference responses at a missing momentum of 210 MeV/c were simultaneously extracted in the dip region at Q2 = 0.15 (GeV/c)(2). In comparison to models of deuteron electrodisintegration, the data clearly reveal strong effects of relativity and final-state interactions and the importance of two-body meson-exchange currents and isobar configurations. We demonstrate that such effects can be disentangled by extracting these responses using the novel out-of-plane technique.
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1019
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Miller M. Cancer incidence trends differ between Europe, United States. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93:1444-5. [PMID: 11584056 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/93.19.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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1020
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Abstract
Multiple ocular associations with Duane syndrome have been reported as summarized by DeRespinis et al. The most frequently noted include nystagmus, anisocoria, ptosis, optic nerve colobomas, and epibulbar dermoids. Less encountered abnormalities are optic nerve hypoplasia, heterochromia, and congenital cataract. To our knowledge, no reports of associated congenital glaucoma exist in the literature. We report a 10-year-old patient with bilateral Duane syndrome and bilateral congenital glaucoma who we have monitored for 7 months after birth.
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1021
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Barditch-Crovo P, Deeks SG, Collier A, Safrin S, Coakley DF, Miller M, Kearney BP, Coleman RL, Lamy PD, Kahn JO, McGowan I, Lietman PS. Phase i/ii trial of the pharmacokinetics, safety, and antiretroviral activity of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:2733-9. [PMID: 11557462 PMCID: PMC90724 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.10.2733-2739.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenofovir DF is an antiviral nucleotide with activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The pharmacokinetics, safety, and activity of oral tenofovir DF in HIV-1-infected adults were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, escalating-dose study of four doses (75, 150, 300, and 600 mg given once daily). Subjects received a single dose of tenofovir DF or a placebo, followed by a 7-day washout period. Thereafter, subjects received their assigned study drug once daily for 28 days. Pharmacokinetic parameters were dose proportional and demonstrated no change with repeated dosing. Reductions in plasma HIV-1 RNA were dose related at tenofovir DF doses of 75 to 300 mg, but there was no increase in virus suppression between the 300- and 600-mg dose cohorts, despite dose-proportional increases in drug exposure. Grade III or IV adverse events were limited to laboratory abnormalities, including elevated creatine phosphokinase and liver function tests, which resolved with or without drug discontinuation and without sequelae. No patients developed detectable sequence changes in the reverse transcriptase gene.
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1022
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Finke PE, Oates B, Mills SG, MacCoss M, Malkowitz L, Springer MS, Gould SL, DeMartino JA, Carella A, Carver G, Holmes K, Danzeisen R, Hazuda D, Kessler J, Lineberger J, Miller M, Schleif WA, Emini EA. Antagonists of the human CCR5 receptor as anti-HIV-1 agents. Part 4: synthesis and structure-activity relationships for 1-[N-(methyl)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino]-2-(phenyl)-4-(4-(N-(alkyl)-N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino)piperidin-1-yl)butanes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2475-9. [PMID: 11549450 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(2S)-2-(3-Chlorophenyl)-1-[N-(methyl)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)amino]-4-[spiro(2,3-dihydrobenzthiophene-3,4'-piperidin-1'-yl)]butane S-oxide (1b) has been identified as a potent CCR5 antagonist having an IC50=10 nM. Herein, structure-activity relationship studies of non-spiro piperidines are described, which led to the discovery of 4-(N-(alkyl)-N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino)piperidine derivatives (3-5) as potent CCR5 antagonists.
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1023
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Miller M, Amsel S, Boehm J, Gonzales B. Presumptive copper deficiency in hand-reared captive pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) fawns. J Zoo Wildl Med 2001; 32:373-8. [PMID: 12785688 DOI: 10.1638/1042-7260(2001)032[0373:pcdihr]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Presumptive copper deficiency was diagnosed in hand-reared captive pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) at the Los Angeles Zoo. Clinical signs, which were manifested in growing fawns, included anemia, anorexia, diarrhea, progressive paresis/recumbency, and aortic rupture. The range of serum copper concentrations in fawns born during the 1989 season (0.08-0.67 ppm) was below levels considered normal for domestic sheep and goats (0.7-2.0 ppm) and below concentrations measured in adult pronghorn (0.4-1.43 ppm). Copper sulfate supplementation of the hand-rearing formula, which was initiated in 1989, resulted in a significant increase in mean (+/- SD) serum copper levels from 0.45 +/- 0.18 ppm before supplementation to 0.68 +/- 0.05 ppm after supplementation (P < 0.05). Fawns born in subsequent seasons (April 1990-August 1993) continued to be supplemented with copper in the hand-rearing formula. Mean serum copper concentration from these fawns (0.68 +/- 0.22 ppm) was similar to the mean values from supplemented 1989 fawns and adult pronghorn in this herd (0.85 +/- 0.34 ppm; P > 0.05). No clinical signs of copper deficiency were detected in any fawns after supplementation was started. Analyses of the herd's diet revealed marginal dietary copper levels. Suspected dietary deficiency was confirmed by marginal tissue and serum copper concentrations in some of the herd's adult animals. Dietary copper levels were corrected to prevent future cases of clinical copper deficiency.
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1024
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Shen Y, Shen L, Sehgal P, Zhou D, Simon M, Miller M, Enimi EA, Henckler B, Chalifoux L, Sehgal N, Gastron M, Letvin NL, Chen ZW. Antiretroviral agents restore Mycobacterium-specific T-cell immune responses and facilitate controlling a fatal tuberculosis-like disease in Macaques coinfected with simian immunodeficiency virus and Mycobacterium bovis BCG. J Virol 2001; 75:8690-6. [PMID: 11507214 PMCID: PMC115114 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.18.8690-8696.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2001] [Accepted: 06/18/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of immune reconstitution following antiretroviral treatment to the prevention or treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-related primary or reactivation tuberculosis remains unknown. Macaque models of simian immunodeficiency virus-Mycobacterium bovis BCG (SIV/BCG) coinfection were employed to determine the extent to which anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunity can be restored by antiretroviral therapy. Both SIV-infected macaques with active BCG reinfection and naive animals with simultaneous SIV/BCG coinfection were evaluated. The suppression of SIV replication by antiretroviral treatment resulted in control of the active BCG infection and blocked development of the fatal SIV-related tuberculosis-like disease. The resolution of this disease coincided with the restoration of BCG purified protein derivative (PPD)-specific T-cell immune responses. In contrast, macaques similarly coinfected with SIV/BCG but not receiving antiretroviral therapy had depressed PPD-specific primary and memory T-cell immune responses and died from tuberculosis-like disease. These results provide in vivo evidence that the restoration of anti-mycobacterial immunity by antiretroviral agents can improve the clinical outcome of an AIDS virus-related tuberculosis-like disease.
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1025
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Kasid A, Rhyne J, Zeller K, Pritchard H, Miller M. A novel TC deletion resulting in Pro(260)-->Stop in the human LCAT gene is associated with a dominant effect on HDL-cholesterol. Atherosclerosis 2001; 156:127-32. [PMID: 11369005 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) plays a key role in the biogenesis of circulating high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and reverse cholesterol efflux. We investigated the molecular defect in the LCAT gene in a family with low levels of HDL-C. The proband, a 53-year-old woman from Oklahoma City, had a HDL-C level of 0.21 mmol/l. The LCAT activity in the proband was 5 nmol/ml/h and cholesterol esterification rate was 54.2 nmol/ml/h, consistent with LCAT deficiency. Analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified subgenomic fragments of LCAT DNA on polyacrylamide gels revealed heteroduplex bands in the proband and three other affected individuals in exon 6. DNA sequence analyses of the proband's LCAT gene identified a 2 base pair deletion (TC) (base pairs 4544-4545, corresponding to amino acid 255) in the heteroduplex allele, thereby converting Pro(260) to a premature stop codon and a predicted truncated protein of 260 amino acids. This is approximately 60% of the length of the normal translated protein. The heterozygous individuals also revealed significant reduction in apolipoprotein A-1 levels compared with the unaffected family members (n=4). The marked reduction in HDL-C in the proband and sibling suggests a dominant effect of this mutation on HDL-C levels. Furthermore, because the deletion results in a heterozygous allele that can be detected by a simple PCR reaction and polyacrylamide gel-size fractionation, it may be possible to rapidly screen susceptible individuals for the presence of this mutation.
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