1076
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Lu Z. [A comparative study of the percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty and closed chest mitral commissurotomy]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 1991; 19:246-7. [PMID: 1813294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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1077
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Turcotte JG, Lin WH, Pivarnik PE, Sacco AM, Shirali SS, Bermel MM, Lu Z, Notter RH. Chemical synthesis and surface activity of lung surfactant phospholipid analogs. II. Racemic N-substituted diether phosphonolipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1084:1-12. [PMID: 2054372 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(91)90048-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of racemic 16:0 disaturated N-substituted diether phosphonolipid analogs of glycerophospholipids have been synthesized and purified. Isosteric methylene substitution at three of the four ester sites (carboxyl, phosphate) of conventional glycerophospholipids enhanced the hydrophobicity of analog compounds compared with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the major glycerophospholipid component of lung surfactant. Further substitutions at the nitrogen headgroup also contributed to hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity characteristics, as well as allowing graded variations in headgroup size among the members of the diether phosphonolipid analog series. Interfacial property studies showed that these compounds had significant differences in surface activity characteristics compared with DPPC, including increased adsorption and respreading facility, plus an enhanced ability to generate low surface tension (less than 1 to 4 mN/m) on an oscillating bubble apparatus at 37 degrees C. In addition, pressure-volume mechanical studies in surfactant-deficient excised rat lungs showed that the diether phosphonate analog of DPPC could partially restore pressure-volume characteristics toward normal, both as a pure component and in binary mixtures with palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylglycerol. These findings suggest that selected analog compounds, synthesized with relatively small structural modifications from biologic glycerophospholipids, may have eventual applications as components of synthetic exogenous lung surfactants. Of more immediate importance, analog molecules with defined structural variations are convenient molecular probes for developing structure-surface activity correlates for phospholipid-like surfactants and for investigating the specificity of interactions between glycerophospholipids and other compounds such as proteins.
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1078
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Turcotte JG, Lin WH, Motola NC, Pivarnik PE, Bhongle NN, Heyman HR, Shirali SS, Lu Z, Notter RH. Chemical synthesis and surface activity of lung surfactant phospholipid analogs. III. Chiral N-substituted ether-amide phosphonolipids. Chem Phys Lipids 1991; 58:81-95. [PMID: 1934196 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(91)90114-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A homologous series of chiral (R) ether-amide phosphonolipid analogs of naturally occurring (R) glycerophospholipids were synthesized and characterized for their interfacial behaviors. The phosphonolipids possess isoteric ether, amide, and phosphonate functions at positions corresponding to the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 ester functions, respectively, of naturally occurring glycerophospholipids. All compounds were synthesized with disaturated C16:0 alkyl/acyl moieties to give structural analogy with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the major glycerophospholipid component of lung surfactant. Further substitutions at the headgroup nitrogen were also used to generate differences in headgroup size and polarity in the synthetic compounds. The surface activity of the ether-amide phospholipids was investigated in terms of adsorption to the air-water interface, together with studies of dynamic respreading after monolayer collapse and surface tension lowering in dynamically compressed spread films and dispersions. Results showed that several ether-amide phosphonolipids had more rapid adsorption and improved dynamic respreading behavior compared to DPPC, plus the ability to lower surface tension into the range of less than 1 to 4 mN/m in spread films and in dispersions under dynamic conditions. In combination with a series of diether phosphonolipids synthetized in a companion study [1], these ether-amide compounds are useful in the development of molecular structure-surface activity correlates for lung surfactant-related materials, and should assist in investigating the specificity of interactions between phospholipids and other pulmonary biological molecules.
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1079
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Lu Z, Smith DO. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate increases acetylcholine channel opening frequency in rat skeletal muscle. J Physiol 1991; 436:45-56. [PMID: 2061841 PMCID: PMC1181493 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The effects of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) on the acetylcholine (ACh) channel opening activity was studied in dissociated rat skeletal muscle cells using patch-clamp recording techniques in cell-attached configuration. 2. With 10 microM-ATP in the recording pipette, the spontaneous opening frequency on the the alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive ACh channel increased significantly from 0.3 to 4.7 s-1, although the opening frequency was not as high as that activated by very low (0.4 microM) ACh concentrations (64 s-1). 3. Spontaneous ACh channel openings, and ATP-associated and ACh-activated channel openings had similar single-channel conductances, 55, 59 and 56 pS, respectively. 4. ATP-associated events and spontaneous ACh channel opening events had similar mean channel open durations (0.6 ms); however, these values were considerably shorter than the duration of ACh-activated events (2 ms). 5. Pre-treatment with alpha-bungarotoxin (100 nM) blocked spontaneous ACh channel openings, ATP-associated openings and ACh-activated openings. 6. When delivered through a separate drug pipette after the formation of a gigaseal, ATP increased ACh-activated single-channel open probability in a dose-dependent fashion. 7. The increase in channel open probability was due primarily to the increase in channel opening frequency. ATP did not significantly alter the mean channel open duration or the single-channel conductance. 8. The ATP analogue adenosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP-gamma-S) also enhanced ACh-activated channel open probability with relatively less potency. ADP, AMP and adenosine (up to 1 mM) did not significantly increase ACh channel open probability. 9. It is concluded that ATP in the micromolar range facilitates both spontaneous and agonist-activated ACh channel opening. The facilitation is due to ATP itself and not to products of ATP hydrolysis. The facilitatory actions of ATP on ACh channels are manifested by the increase in the channel opening frequency, and they may be mediated by an intracellular second messenger.
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1080
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Smith DO, Lu Z. Adenosine derived from hydrolysis of presynaptically released ATP inhibits neuromuscular transmission in the rat. Neurosci Lett 1991; 122:171-3. [PMID: 1851261 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(91)90850-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been established that ATP is released from motor nerve terminals and that exogenous ATP depresses end-plate potential (e.p.p.) amplitudes. This study assessed whether presynaptically released ATP reduced e.p.p.s. E.p.p.s in the rat extensor digitorum longus muscle were depressed by exogenous ATP and adenosine. If ATP hydrolysis to adenoisine was blocked, however, ATP had no effect. Addition of theophylline increased e.p.p. amplitude due to removal of the depressant effect caused by ATP contained in the quantal release. This inhibition was absent when the rate of release was reduced by high Mg2+. It is concluded that e.p.p. inhibition is mediated by adenosine derived from presynaptically released ATP.
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1081
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Lu Z, Schmidt MT, Podlesnik DV, Yu CF, Osgood RM. Ultraviolet‐light‐induced oxide formation on GaAs surfaces. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.459325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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1082
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Dong S, Lu Z. Ferrocene-Nafion Modified Electrode And Its Catalysis For Cerium (IV). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/00268949008047844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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1083
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Lu Z. [Measuring numbers and activities of blood cell sodium pump]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 1990; 18:312-4. [PMID: 2150807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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1084
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Lu Z. [Clinical comparative study of intravenous piperacillin sodium or injection of scutellaria compound in patients with pulmonary infection]. ZHONG XI YI JIE HE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF MODERN DEVELOPMENTS IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 1990; 10:413-5, 389. [PMID: 2208421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this survey, 60 patients with pulmonary infection (mainly nosocimial pneumonia) were divided into two groups randomly. 30 patients treated by injection of Scutelleria compound and 30 patients by intravenous piperacillin sodium as control. Before treatment there was no significant difference of clinical data between two groups. The total efficacy was evaluated after treatment for one week. 40%, 36.7% were marked effective in corresponding. 33.3%, 40% were effective and 26.7%, 23% were ineffective respectively. Total effective rates were 73.3% and 76.7% in corresponding group. Temperature was average decreased for 7.43 +/- 3.02 and 7.63 +/- 5.79 days, symptoms disappeared or relieved for 11.67 +/- 6.75 days and 11.53 +/- 7.30 days, leucocyte decreased to normal on 9.03 +/- 6.53 days and 10.13 +/- 6.23 days, roentgenographical shadows disappeared or became smaller for 16.1 +/- 7.02 days and 16.1 +/- 9.88 days in corresponding group. There were no side-effect of the functions of liver, kidney and medulla ossium in two groups. In piperacillin sodium group, fungal infection were found in 4 of 30 patients, but there was no any case suffered from fungal infection in injection of Scutelleria compound group. It was suggested that injection on Scutelleria compound is a hopeful preparation and should be studied further.
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1085
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Cao W, Wang Y, Lu Z. Effects of acupuncture on pain threshold and plasma corticosterone level at different times of the day. J TRADIT CHIN MED 1990; 10:136-40. [PMID: 2391998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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1086
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Lu Z, Yang D. [Effect on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and blood pressure in borderline hypertension during acute venodilatation by captopril]. ZHONGHUA XIN XUE GUAN BING ZA ZHI 1990; 18:82-3. [PMID: 2145141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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1087
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Tabisz GC, Ulivi L, Drakopoulos P, Lu Z. Collisional interference in the infrared absorption spectrum of HD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.39894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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1088
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Chen YM, Lu Z, Lin EC. Constitutive activation of the fucAO operon and silencing of the divergently transcribed fucPIK operon by an IS5 element in Escherichia coli mutants selected for growth on L-1,2-propanediol. J Bacteriol 1989; 171:6097-105. [PMID: 2553671 PMCID: PMC210477 DOI: 10.1128/jb.171.11.6097-6105.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
L-1,2-Propanediol is an irretrievable end product of L-fucose fermentation by Escherichia coli. Selection for increased aerobic growth rate on propanediol results in the escalation of basal synthesis of the NAD+-linked oxidoreductase encoded by fucO, a member of the fuc regulon for the utilization of L-fucose. In general, when fucO becomes constitutively expressed, two other simultaneous changes occur: the fucA gene encoding fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase becomes constitutively expressed and the fucPIK operon encoding fucose permease, fucose isomerase, and fuculose kinase becomes noninducible. In the present study, we show that fucO and fucA form an operon which is divergently transcribed from the adjacent fucPIK operon. In propanediol-positive and fucose-negative mutants the cis-controlling region shared by the operons fucAO and fucPIK is lengthened by 1.2 kilobases. DNA hybridization identified the insertion element to be IS5. This element, always oriented in the same direction with the left end (the BglII end) proximal to fucA, apparently causes constitutive expression of fucAO and noninducibility of fucPIK. The DNA of the fucAO operon and a part of the adjacent fucP was sequenced.
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1089
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Wang JF, Han SP, Lu Z, Wang XJ, Han JS, Ren MF. Effect of calcium ion on analgesia of opioid peptides. Int J Neurosci 1989; 47:279-85. [PMID: 2807764 DOI: 10.3109/00207458908987440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The analgesic effect produced by subcutaneous injection (SC) of morphine was antagonized by intracerebroventricular (ICV) but not intrathecal (ITH) injection of CaCl2. While ITH CaCl2 was devoid of any effect on the analgesia induced by ITH morphine, it did antagonize the analgesic effect produced by ITH injection of dynorphin A or (D-Pen2,D-Pen5)-enkephalin (DPDPE). In accordance with this, the uptake of 45Ca by synaptosomes prepared from the dorsal column of rat spinal cord was suppressed by dynorphin A or DPDPE, but not by morphine. The results imply that different kinds of opioid ligands might have different mechanisms of action at discrete areas of the CNS. Blockade of neuronal Ca2+ uptake may serve as an important mechanism for morphine analgesia in the brain as well as DPDPE and dynorphin A analgesia in the spinal cord.
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1090
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Lu Z, Tang JF. Characterization of thin film surfaces over an extended spatial wavelength range. APPLIED OPTICS 1989; 28:2765-2768. [PMID: 20555596 DOI: 10.1364/ao.28.002765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The statistical properties of a thin film surface over an extended spatial wavelength have been studied by using the methods of differential scattering and digital analysis of replica micrographs. It can be concluded that, for a given film thickness, the surface features corresponding to long spatial wavelengths greater than several thousand angstroms are dominated mainly by the substrate surface, while the fine details corresponding to short spatial wavelengths are dominated by the thin film material and deposition process. Effects of ion-beam bombardment during deposition on surface roughness are also discussed.
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1091
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Ulivi L, Lu Z, Tabisz GC. Temperature dependence of the collisional interference in the pure rotational far-infrared spectrum of HD. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1989; 40:642-651. [PMID: 9902194 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.40.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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1092
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Lu Z, Lin EC. The nucleotide sequence of Escherichia coli genes for L-fucose dissimilation. Nucleic Acids Res 1989; 17:4883-4. [PMID: 2664711 PMCID: PMC318048 DOI: 10.1093/nar/17.12.4883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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1093
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Tuohy VK, Lu Z, Sobel RA, Laursen RA, Lees MB. Identification of an encephalitogenic determinant of myelin proteolipid protein for SJL mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1989; 142:1523-7. [PMID: 2465343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PLP is the major protein constituent of central nervous system myelin. We have previously shown that SJL/J (H-2s) mice develop an acute form of EAE after immunization with PLP. The purpose of the present study was to identify an encephalitogenic determinant of PLP for SJL mice. We immunized SJL/J mice with a synthetic peptide identical to residues 130-147 QAHSLERVCHCLGKWLGH of murine PLP, a sequence having an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation. Although it did not induce disease, an overlapping peptide containing residues 139-154 HCLGKWLGHPDKFVGI was encephalitogenic. Immunization with this peptide induced severe clinical and histologic EAE in 3 of 20 mice. T cell enriched ILN cells from these mice responded specifically (3H-thymidine incorporation) to this peptide as well as to shorter analogues of this domain containing serine in place of cysteine at residues 138 and 140. Immunization with the serine-substituted PLP peptides 137-151 VSHSLGKWLGHPDKF and 139-151 HSLGKWLGHPDKF induced severe, acute EAE in 4 of 9 and 15 of 15 SJL mice, respectively, and their T cell enriched ILN cells responded not only to the analogues, but also to the native PLP sequence 139-154. These results indicate that residues 139-151 of murine PLP is an encephalitogenic determinant for SJL mice. Furthermore, like the PLP encephalitogenic domain for SWR (H-2q) mice, this determinant is also a T cell epitope with a coding sequence at the end of an exon.
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1094
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Tuohy VK, Lu Z, Sobel RA, Laursen RA, Lees MB. Identification of an encephalitogenic determinant of myelin proteolipid protein for SJL mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1989. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.142.5.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
PLP is the major protein constituent of central nervous system myelin. We have previously shown that SJL/J (H-2s) mice develop an acute form of EAE after immunization with PLP. The purpose of the present study was to identify an encephalitogenic determinant of PLP for SJL mice. We immunized SJL/J mice with a synthetic peptide identical to residues 130-147 QAHSLERVCHCLGKWLGH of murine PLP, a sequence having an amphipathic alpha-helical conformation. Although it did not induce disease, an overlapping peptide containing residues 139-154 HCLGKWLGHPDKFVGI was encephalitogenic. Immunization with this peptide induced severe clinical and histologic EAE in 3 of 20 mice. T cell enriched ILN cells from these mice responded specifically (3H-thymidine incorporation) to this peptide as well as to shorter analogues of this domain containing serine in place of cysteine at residues 138 and 140. Immunization with the serine-substituted PLP peptides 137-151 VSHSLGKWLGHPDKF and 139-151 HSLGKWLGHPDKF induced severe, acute EAE in 4 of 9 and 15 of 15 SJL mice, respectively, and their T cell enriched ILN cells responded not only to the analogues, but also to the native PLP sequence 139-154. These results indicate that residues 139-151 of murine PLP is an encephalitogenic determinant for SJL mice. Furthermore, like the PLP encephalitogenic domain for SWR (H-2q) mice, this determinant is also a T cell epitope with a coding sequence at the end of an exon.
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1095
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Shelton DP, Lu Z. Hyperpolarizability dispersion measured for neon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 37:3813-3817. [PMID: 9899493 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.37.3813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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1096
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Shelton DP, Lu Z. Kleinman symmetry deviations for hydrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, GENERAL PHYSICS 1988; 37:2231-2233. [PMID: 9899920 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.37.2231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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1097
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Wu Z, Lu Z, Sun AM. Preliminary report on microencapsulated islet transplantation in experimental diabetes mellitus in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PANCREATOLOGY 1988; 3:91-100. [PMID: 3127498 DOI: 10.1007/bf02788227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets were encapsulated with sodium alginate-polylysine after procurement by collagenase digestion and Ficoll density-gradient-dispersion. The encapsulated islets were intact and during the first week of culture produced insulin 63 +/- 42 microU/d vs 69 +/- 42 microU/d by noncapsulated islets. Seven streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats each received 4.0-4.5 x 10(3) microencapsulated islets intraperitoneally. After transplantation, blood glucose dropped from 350 +/- 29 mg/dl to 142 +/- 12 mg/dl. To date, normoglycemia has been maintained for 222 days. Control animals either died or developed cataracts.
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1098
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Lu Z, Shelton DP. Vibrational contributions to the second hyperpolarizability of CF4. J Chem Phys 1987. [DOI: 10.1063/1.453169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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1099
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Lu Z. [Views on the study of the history of medicine in China as seen from the Chinese Journal of Medical History] (Chi). ZHONGHUA YI SHI ZA ZHI (BEIJING, CHINA : 1980) 1987; 17:1-7. [PMID: 11612178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
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1100
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Lu Z. [Determination of polio-neutralizing antibody by the micro-tissue culture technic]. ZHONGHUA LIU XING BING XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LIUXINGBINGXUE ZAZHI 1985; 6:356-8. [PMID: 3009021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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