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Sandhu M, Javaid N, Jamil M, Khan Z, Imran M, Ilahi M, Khan M. Modeling mobility and psychological stress based human postural changes in wireless body area networks. Computers in Human Behavior 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jamil M, Usman R. PREDICTIVE PARAMETERS FOR SUCCESSFUL FUNCTIONAL MATURATION OF NATIVE ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2015; 27:821-824. [PMID: 27004331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful arteriovenous fistula (AVF) significantly reduces both the morbidity as well as mortality of the patients who have end stage renal disease, and significantly improve their survival rate. The objective of the study was to high light the role of various parameters in the functional maturation of arteriovenous fistula (AVF). METHODS This descriptive analytical study conducted at Department of Vascular Surgery, Combined Military Hospital Lahore from January 2014 to January 2015. All consecutive patients who underwent creation of AVF and had pre and post-operative Duplex scan to assess the arteries and veins of the upper limbs, were included. The AVFs were created at wrist, forearm and arm under local anaesthesia. The data was collected from radiology department and dialysis centre and correlated with the data from operation theatre. RESULTS A total of 127 patients (89 males and 38 females) were included in this study. Only 57.5% (n = 73) patients showed functional maturation of their AVFs. Of these, only 14 (36.8%) were females. Arterial and venous diameters of more than 2.5 mm (p = 0.0001 and 0.001 respectively), fistulae created at elbow (p = 0.001), presence of on-table thrill (p = 0.003), presence of on-table bruit (p = 0.001), patients having their AVFs created before the start of dialysis (p = 0.0037) and kidney transplant (p = 0.0042) were all positive predictors for successful functional maturation of AVFs. Female gender was a negative predictor and was responsible for non-maturation (p-value 0.003). CONCLUSION Maturation of AVFs is a complex process influenced by a lot of factors. Although in our study various parameters proved to have positive impact on AVFs maturation, large prospective multi-centre studies are needed to provide well defined outcome.
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Abstract
Basal transcription factor 3 (BTF3) has been reported to play a significant part in the transcriptional regulation linking with eukaryotes growth and development. Alteration in the BTF3 gene expression patterns or variation in their activities adds to the explanation of different signaling pathways and regulatory networks. Moreover, BTF3s often respond to numerous stresses, and subsequently they are involved in regulation of various mechanisms. BTF3 proteins also function through protein-protein contact, which can assist us to identify the multifaceted processes of signaling and transcriptional regulation controlled by BTF3 proteins. In this review, we discuss current advances made in starting to explore the roles of BTF3 transcription factors in eukaryotes especially in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- a College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Institute of Crop Science , Zhejiang University , Yu-Hang-Tang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058 , China.,b Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering , Kohat University of Science and Technology , Kohat 26000 , Pakistan
| | - Wenyi Wang
- a College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Institute of Crop Science , Zhejiang University , Yu-Hang-Tang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Mengyun Xu
- a College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Institute of Crop Science , Zhejiang University , Yu-Hang-Tang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Jumin Tu
- a College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Institute of Crop Science , Zhejiang University , Yu-Hang-Tang Rd. 866, Hangzhou 310058 , China
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Jamil M, Usman R. ABDOMINAL AORTA INJURY - A FATAL COMPLICATION OF LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2015; 27:725-726. [PMID: 26721052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has many advantages over open cholecystectomy, but sometimes, it can cause life threatening complications. Abdominal aortic injuries are rare but if occur, usually prove fatal if not diagnosed and treated promptly. We report a case of abdominal aortic injury which occurred during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. To the best of our knowledge this would be the first ever case reported in Pakistan.
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Wang W, Liu B, Xu M, Jamil M, Wang G. ABA-induced CCCH tandem zinc finger protein OsC3H47 decreases ABA sensitivity and promotes drought tolerance in Oryza sativa. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:33-7. [PMID: 26047696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit causes multiple negative impacts on plants, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, abscisic acid (ABA) induction, stomatal closure, and decreased photosynthesis. Here, we characterized OsC3H47, which belongs to CCCH zinc-finger families, as a drought-stress response gene. It can be strongly induced by NaCl, PEG, ABA, and drought conditions. Overexpression of OsC3H47 significantly enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stresses in rice seedlings, which indicates that OsC3H47 plays important roles in post-stress recovery. However, overexpression of OsC3H47 reduced the ABA sensitivity of rice seedlings. This suggests that OsC3H47 is a newly discovered gene that can control rice drought-stress response, and it may play an important role in ABA feedback and post-transcription processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bohan Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mengyun Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Guoping Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Naz T, Khan MD, Ahmed I, Rehman SU, Rha ES, Malook I, Jamil M. Biosorption of heavy metals by Pseudomonas species isolated from sugar industry. Toxicol Ind Health 2015; 32:1619-27. [PMID: 25739395 DOI: 10.1177/0748233715569900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal-resistant bacteria can be efficient bioremediators of metals and may provide an alternative or additional method to conventional methods of metal removal. In this study, 10 bacterial isolates were isolated from soil samples of a sugar industry, located at Peshawar, Pakistan. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of these isolates were observed. Sequence analysis (16S ribosomal RNA) revealed that isolated strains were closely related to the species belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Exiguobacterium, Citrobacter, and Enterobacter Bacterial isolates were resistant with a minimum inhibitory concentration (500-900 ppm) to lead ion (Pb(2+)), (500-600 ppm) nickel ion (Ni(2+)), (500-800 ppm) copper ion (Cu(2+)), and (600-800 ppm) chromium ion (Cr(3+)) in solid media. Furthermore, biosorption of metals proved considerable removal of heavy metals by isolated metal-resistant strains. Pseudomonas sp. reduced 37% (Pb(2+)), 32% (Ni(2+)), 29% (Cu(2+)), and 32% (Cr(3+)) and was thus found to be most effective, whereas Enterobacter sp. reduced 19% (Pb(2+)), 7% (Ni(2+)), 14% (Cu(2+)), and 21% (Cr(3+)) and was found to be least effective. While average reduction of Pb(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), and Cr(3+) by Citrobacter sp. was found to be 24%, 18%, 23%, and 27%, respectively, among recognized species. This study revealed that Pseudomonas sp. may provide a new microbial community that can be used for enhanced remediation of contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyaba Naz
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daud Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Eui Shik Rha
- Department of Well-being Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Ijaz Malook
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, Pakistan
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Jamil M, Rhee JT, Kim HG, Ahmad F, Jeon YJ. Thermal neutron response of a boron-coated GEM detector via GEANT4 Monte Carlo code. Appl Radiat Isot 2015; 95:90-93. [PMID: 25464183 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the design configuration and the performance of the hybrid Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector. In order to make the detector sensitive to thermal neutrons, the forward electrode of the GEM has been coated with the enriched boron-10 material, which works as a neutron converter. A total of 5×5cm2 configuration of GEM has been used for thermal neutron studies. The response of the detector has been estimated via using GEANT4 MC code with two different physics lists. Using the QGSP_BIC_HP physics list, the neutron detection efficiency was determined to be about 3%, while with QGSP_BERT_HP physics list the efficiency was around 2.5%, at the incident thermal neutron energies of 25meV. The higher response of the detector proves that GEM-coated with boron converter improves the efficiency for thermal neutrons detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jamil
- Division of International Studies, College of Global Integrated Studies, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea; IAP, High Energy Physics Lab, Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - J T Rhee
- IAP, High Energy Physics Lab, Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
| | - H G Kim
- IAP, High Energy Physics Lab, Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Farzana Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Y J Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, South Korea.
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Gul A, Rasheed A, Afzal F, Napar AA, Ali A, Jamil M, Khalid M, Bux H, Mujeeb-Kazi A. Characterization of Synthetic Hexaploids Derived from Same Aegilops tauschii Accessions and Different Durum Cultivars. CYTOLOGIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.80.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alvina Gul
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology
| | - Awais Rasheed
- Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Fakiha Afzal
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology
| | | | - Ahmad Ali
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat
| | | | - Maria Khalid
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology
| | - Hadi Bux
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Tandojam
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis viral infections are major health challenge leading to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. OBJECTIVES Although the magnitude of hepatitis in Pakistan has been well documented, information regarding the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Faisalabad, Pakistan is scarce. The present retrospective study was undertaken to determine the epidemiology of HCV in Faisalabad, Pakistan. METHODS Between May, 2010 and December, 2012, medical records of 39780 subjects visiting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) clinic, district headquarter (DHQ) hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan were reviewed. Regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors. RESULTS HCV prevalence was 21.99%. With mean age of 49.5 ± 2.7 years (range 27-63 years), majority (67.15%) of the individuals were male. Marital status and low literacy rates were associated with HCV (P<0.05). Reference to the potential risk factors, the injection drug use was the major mode (72.77%) of infection transmission. Age (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-1.9), male gender (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.9-1.6) and injection use (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0-2.7) were significantly associated with HCV. CONCLUSIONS Most important finding was higher HCV prevalence in Faisalabad region as compared to the previous assessments that demands an urgent need for preventive intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif Maan
- Punjab Medical College/Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) clinic, District Headquarter (DHQ) hospital, Department of Dermatology
| | - Fatma Hussain
- University of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, District Headquarter Hospital
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Jamil M, Quasar JMH, Hossain D, Rahman A. Intussusception in the Afferent Limb of Gastrojejunostomy - Presenting as an unusual cause of Haematemesis. Pulse (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a 54 year old male who presented with abdominal pain and hematemesis. After thorough workup, a laparotomy was done. It revealed an ante grade intussusception in the afferent limb of a gastrojejunostomy, which was done in 1978 presumably for peptic ulcer disease. In an attempt to find if such cases are still reported and under what circumstances, a Pub med search using: (intussusception) and (gastrojejunostomy or gastroentorostomy) was done and 170 publications were retrieved. Relevant articles were studied and discussed in this case report. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v6i1-2.20348 Pulse Vol.6 January-December 2013 p.41-43
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Basu SK, Hassan R, Zaman CA, Islam KMS, Alam JMHQ, Jamil M, Ahmed N, Hossain D. Abdominal cocoon. Pulse (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3329/pulse.v5i2.20269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The abdominal cocoon syndrome was first described as a rare condition where part of or the whole small bowel is encased within a fibrous membrane. Idiopathic sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (or abdominal cocoon) is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction, especially in adult population. Diagnosis is usually incidental at laparotomy. But preoperative diagnosis can be made. Case presentation This report is of a 27-year-old Bangladeshi male who presented with increasing abdominal pain and features of subacute intestinal obstruction. He had a history appendicectomy 2 months back through grid iron incision in a peripheral hospital. Pre-operative work-up did not reveal a sac like structure encasing small intestinal loops. At computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, a huge cystic structure was seen encasing loops of small bowel. At laparotomy, a fibrous capsule was revealed, in which small bowel loops were encased, with the presence of interloop adhesions. A diagnosis of primary abdominal cocoon was established and extensive adhesiolysis was performed. The patient had an uneventful recovery and follow-up. No evidence of Kochs noted in the abdomen or on histopathology of tissue sent for examination. Conclusion Abdominal cocoon is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction, but should be suspected especially in cases with attacks of non strangulating obstruction in the same individual. A high index of clinical suspicion may be generated by the recurrent character of small bowel obstruction. Clinicians must rigorously pursue a preoperative diagnosis. The overall prognosis is satisfactory. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v5i2.20269 Pulse Vol.5 July 2011 p.61-64
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Cardoso C, Charnikhova T, Jamil M, Delaux PM, Verstappen F, Amini M, Lauressergues D, Ruyter-Spira C, Bouwmeester H. Differential activity of Striga hermonthica seed germination stimulants and Gigaspora rosea hyphal branching factors in rice and their contribution to underground communication. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104201. [PMID: 25126953 PMCID: PMC4134212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) trigger germination of parasitic plant seeds and hyphal branching of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. There is extensive structural variation in SLs and plants usually produce blends of different SLs. The structural variation among natural SLs has been shown to impact their biological activity as hyphal branching and parasitic plant seed germination stimulants. In this study, rice root exudates were fractioned by HPLC. The resulting fractions were analyzed by MRM-LC-MS to investigate the presence of SLs and tested using bioassays to assess their Striga hermonthica seed germination and Gigaspora rosea hyphal branching stimulatory activities. A substantial number of active fractions were revealed often with very different effect on seed germination and hyphal branching. Fractions containing (-)-orobanchol and ent-2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol contributed little to the induction of S. hermonthica seed germination but strongly stimulated AM fungal hyphal branching. Three SLs in one fraction, putative methoxy-5-deoxystrigol isomers, had moderate seed germination and hyphal branching inducing activity. Two fractions contained strong germination stimulants but displayed only modest hyphal branching activity. We provide evidence that these stimulants are likely SLs although no SL-representative masses could be detected using MRM-LC-MS. Our results show that seed germination and hyphal branching are induced to very different extents by the various SLs (or other stimulants) present in rice root exudates. We propose that the development of rice varieties with different SL composition is a promising strategy to reduce parasitic plant infestation while maintaining symbiosis with AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Cardoso
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tatsiana Charnikhova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre-Marc Delaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5546, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5546, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Francel Verstappen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Amini
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dominique Lauressergues
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5546, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5546, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Carolien Ruyter-Spira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Liu Q, Zhang Y, Matusova R, Charnikhova T, Amini M, Jamil M, Fernandez-Aparicio M, Huang K, Timko MP, Westwood JH, Ruyter-Spira C, van der Krol S, Bouwmeester HJ. Striga hermonthica MAX2 restores branching but not the Very Low Fluence Response in the Arabidopsis thaliana max2 mutant. New Phytol 2014; 202:531-541. [PMID: 24483232 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination of Striga spp. (witchweeds), one of the world's most destructive parasitic weeds, cannot be induced by light but is specifically induced by strigolactones. It is not known whether Striga uses the same components for strigolactone signaling as host plants, whether it has endogenous strigolactone biosynthesis and whether there is post-germination strigolactone signaling in Striga. Strigolactones could not be detected in in vitro grown Striga, while for host-grown Striga, the strigolactone profile is dominated by a subset of the strigolactones present in the host. Branching of in vitro grown Striga is affected by strigolactone biosynthesis inhibitors. ShMAX2, the Striga ortholog of Arabidopsis MORE AXILLARY BRANCHING 2 (AtMAX2) - which mediates strigolactone signaling - complements several of the Arabidopsis max2-1 phenotypes, including the root and shoot phenotype, the High Irradiance Response and the response to strigolactones. Seed germination of max2-1 complemented with ShMAX2 showed no complementation of the Very Low Fluence Response phenotype of max2-1. Results provide indirect evidence for ShMAX2 functions in Striga. A putative role of ShMAX2 in strigolactone-dependent seed germination of Striga is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Radoslava Matusova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tatsiana Charnikhova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Amini
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Monica Fernandez-Aparicio
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, IAS-CSIC, Córdoba, 14080, Spain
| | - Kan Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Michael P Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - James H Westwood
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Tech., Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Carolien Ruyter-Spira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Plant Research International, Business Unit Bioscience, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sander van der Krol
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen UR, PO Box 658, 6700 AR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Maan MA, Hussain F, Jamil M. Prevalence and risk factors of HIV in Faisalabad, Pakistan -A retrospective study. Pak J Med Sci 2014; 30:32-5. [PMID: 24639826 PMCID: PMC3955537 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.301.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Objective: Although the magnitude of HIV in Pakistan has been well documented, but no record of HIV prevalence in Faisalabad region exists. A retrospective study was carried out at Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) clinic, District Headquarter (DHQ) hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan to find out the prevalence of HIV and related risk factors. Methods: Between March, 2010 and December, 2012, a total of 31040 subjects were either interviewed or their medical records were reviewed. From those recruited by convenient sampling method, written informed consent was obtained and informed about the study protocol. Blood serum was tested for antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western Blot). Results: On the whole, Anti-HIV was demonstrated in 173 (0.557%) of the respondents. This gives an overall HIV prevalence of 557 per 100,000.Averaged age of the patients was 49.5 years (range: 30-45) with 85.55% male. Majority of the patients were urban dwellers (87.28%), divorced or widowed (46.82%) and uneducated (50.28%). A large proportion (78%) of the patients was injection drug users. Compared to blood donation/transfusion and sexual interactions, injection drug use was the major potential risk factor for HIV infection. Conclusion: Most important finding was higher HIV prevalence in Faisalabad region as compared to the previous assessments at the national level. This reflects an alarming situation necessitating contextual preventive interventions. Precarious practices such as injection drug abuse, blood donation/transfusion needs to be amended and extramarital sexual contacts should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif Maan
- Muhammad Arif Maan, MBBS, FCPS, D-Dermat, Department of Dermatology, Punjab Medical College/Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Clinic, District Headquarter (DHQ) hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fatma Hussain
- Fatma Hussain, PhD, Clinico-Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Muhammad Jamil, MBBS, DCP, Clinical Pathology Laboratory, District Headquarter Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Cardoso C, Zhang Y, Jamil M, Hepworth J, Charnikhova T, Dimkpa SON, Meharg C, Wright MH, Liu J, Meng X, Wang Y, Li J, McCouch SR, Leyser O, Price AH, Bouwmeester HJ, Ruyter-Spira C. Natural variation of rice strigolactone biosynthesis is associated with the deletion of two MAX1 orthologs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:2379-84. [PMID: 24464483 PMCID: PMC3926036 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1317360111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) cultivar Azucena--belonging to the Japonica subspecies--exudes high strigolactone (SL) levels and induces high germination of the root parasitic plant Striga hermonthica. Consistent with the fact that SLs also inhibit shoot branching, Azucena is a low-tillering variety. In contrast, Bala, an Indica cultivar, is a low-SL producer, stimulates less Striga germination, and is highly tillered. Using a Bala × Azucena F6 population, a major quantitative trait loci--qSLB1.1--for the exudation of SL, tillering, and induction of Striga germination was detected on chromosome 1. Sequence analysis of the corresponding locus revealed a rearrangement of a 51- to 59-kbp stretch between 28.9 and 29 Mbp in the Bala genome, resulting in the deletion of two cytochrome P450 genes--SLB1 and SLB2--with high homology to the Arabidopsis SL biosynthesis gene, MAX1. Both rice genes rescue the Arabidopsis max1-1 highly branched mutant phenotype and increase the production of the SL, ent-2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol, when overexpressed in Bala. Furthermore, analysis of this region in 367 cultivars of the publicly available Rice Diversity Panel population shows that the rearrangement at this locus is a recurrent natural trait associated with the Indica/Japonica divide in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Cardoso
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jo Hepworth
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Tatsiana Charnikhova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stanley O. N. Dimkpa
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Meharg
- Institute of Global Food Security, David Keir Building, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland
| | - Mark H. Wright
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Junwei Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiangbing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Susan R. McCouch
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Ottoline Leyser
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- Sainsbury Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Adam H. Price
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom
| | - Harro J. Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Carolien Ruyter-Spira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bioscience, Plant Research International, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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218
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Jamil M, Zeb S, Anees M, Roohi A, Ahmed I, ur Rehman S, Rha ES. Role of Bacillus licheniformis in phytoremediation of nickel contaminated soil cultivated with rice. Int J Phytoremediation 2014; 16:554-571. [PMID: 24912242 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2013.798621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in soil is an important environmental problem and it has negative effect on agriculture. Bacteria play a major role in phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soil. In this study, the effect of Bacillus licheniformis NCCP-59, a halophilic bacterium isolated from salt mines near Karak, Pakistan, were determined on a three week old greenhouse grown seedling and germinating seeds of two rice varieties (Basmati-385 (B-385) and KSK-282) in soil contaminated with different concentrations (0, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm) of Nickel. Nickel significantly reduced the germination rate and germination percentage mainly at 500 and 1000 ppm. Significant decrease in ion contents (Na, K, and Ca) was observed while Ni ion concentration in the plant tissues increases as the concentration of Ni applied increases. The photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a (chl a), chlorophyll b (chl b), and carotenoids) were also decreased by the application of different concentrations of Ni. Total protein and organic nitrogen were found to be reduced at higher concentrations of Nickel. Inoculation of Bacillus licheniformis NCCP-59 improved seed germination and biochemical attribute of the plant under Ni stress. It is clear from the results that the Bacillus Licheniformis NCCP-59 strain has the ability to protect the plants from the toxic effects of nickel and can be used for the phytoremediation of Ni contaminated soil.
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219
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AlKendi F, Jamil M, Qureshi A, Jamil G. Brugada syndrome with elevated cardiac biomarkers. Case Reports 2013; 2013:bcr-2013-009918. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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221
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222
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Jamil M, Altaf AA, Badshah A, Ahmad I, Zubair M, Kemal S, Ali MI. Naked Eye DNA detection: synthesis, characterization and DNA binding studies of a novel azo-guanidine. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 105:165-170. [PMID: 23299023 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of azo-guanidine compounds is introduced in this article. The novel compound 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(phenylamino)-3-(phenylimino)guanidine (AG) was synthesized and well characterized by using different analytical instrumental techniques like elemental analysis, FTIR, (1)H and (13)C NMR, UV-Visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The new compound was found interacting with DNA and shows clear color change in the solution. The AG-DNA complex was qualitatively and quantitatively characterized with UV-Visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Electrostatic mode of interaction, clear color change and moderate binding constant (K(b)=10(4)) indicate its potential use as DNA staining agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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223
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Jamil M, Zubair M, Rasool N, Altaf AA, Rizwan K, Hafeez S, Bukhari IH, Langer P. Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial and Urease Inhibition Studies of Some Novel Symmetrical N3,N3'-bis-(disubstituted)isophthalyl-bis-(thioureas). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2013.14174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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224
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Saleha SB, Ajaml M, Jamil M, Nasir M, Hameed A. MC1R gene mutation and its association with oculocutaneous albinism type (OCA) phenotype in a consanguineous Pakistani family. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 70:68-70. [PMID: 23312576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.11.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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225
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Abstract
Salinity reduces plant growth and yield by affecting morphological and physiological processes. To alleviate the harmful effects of salt stress various approaches involving plant hormones are used. In this study several parameters involving the measurement of cell membrane injury were used to observe whether stress tolerance could be enhanced in Chinese cabbage (B. oleracea capitata L. Chinensis group) by soaking the seeds for 10 h in distilled water (control), or in 100, 150 or 200 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3). The NaCl concentrations were 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mM. Seed treated with GA3 showed increased water uptake and decreased electrolyte leakage as compared to that of distilled water-primed seeds even 24 h after soaking under control conditions. Seed priming with GA3 increased the final germination and the germination rate (1/t50, where t50 is the time to 50% germination) under salt stress conditions. Seed priming also alleviated the harmful effect of salt stress on cabbage in terms of fresh and dry weights. Leaf area was higher in plants raised from seeds primed with the higher GA3 concentrations as compared with those raised from seeds treated with distilled water under control conditions (without NaCl) or at 50 mM NaCl stress. The chlorophyll content increased with the NaCl concentration, especially in plants grown from seeds primed with GA3. Plants grown from GA3-primed seeds also suffered lower cellular injury both under control conditions and under NaCl stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Jamil
- 1 Kohat University of Science and Technology (Kust) Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Kohat Pakistan
| | - M. Ashraf
- 2 University of Agriculture Department of Botany Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - E. Rha
- 3 Sunchon National University Department of Well-Being Resources Suncheon Republic of Korea
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226
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Azizullah A, Richter P, Jamil M, Häder DP. Chronic toxicity of a laundry detergent to the freshwater flagellate Euglena gracilis. Ecotoxicology 2012; 21:1957-1964. [PMID: 22644093 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic toxicity of the common laundry detergent Ariel on the freshwater alga Euglena gracilis was investigated by growing the alga in a medium containing the detergent for 7 days. Cell density, motility, swimming velocity, gravitactic orientation, cell shape, photosynthesis and concentration of light-harvesting pigments were used as end point parameters for the assessment of toxicity. Cell density was significantly reduced at a concentration of 1 mg l(-1) or above. Among the other tested parameters, with the exception of cell shape, gravitaxis and chlorophyll b, all were adversely affected by the detergent at concentrations exceeding 1 mg l(-1). It is concluded that long-term (7-days) exposure to the detergent caused significant toxicity to E. gracilis. Furthermore, long-term tests with E. gracilis can be used as sensitive indicator for the toxicity assessment of laundry detergents in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizullah Azizullah
- Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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227
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Mufti FUD, Ullah H, Bangash A, Khan N, Hussain S, Ullah F, Jamil M, Jabeen M. Antimicrobial activities of Aerva javanica and Paeonia emodi plants. Pak J Pharm Sci 2012; 25:565-569. [PMID: 22713942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aerva javanica and Paeonia emodi plants extracts were studied for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (NCTC 10418), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus epidermidis (NCTC 11047) and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) (NCTC 13143) and antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium solani. Extracts were obtained by using methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous fraction. The extracts of Paeonia emodi and Aerva javanica showed significant antibacterial activity but only Salmonella typhi was resistant to Aerva javanica. Moreover, the antifungal activity of Aerva javanica was very poor but the fractions of Paeonia emodi showed sufficient inhibition against fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farees Ud Din Mufti
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
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228
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229
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Abstract
We construct the approximate solutions of the time-fractional Schrödinger equations, with zero and nonzero trapping potential, by homotopy analysis method (HAM). The fractional derivatives, in the Caputo sense, are used. The method is capable of reducing the size of calculations and handles nonlinear-coupled equations in a direct manner. The results show that HAM is more promising, convenient, efficient and less computational than differential transform method (DTM), and easy to apply in spaces of higher dimensions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Alam Khan
- Department of Mathematics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Abdul Salam School of Mathematical Sciences, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Mathematics, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Ara
- Department of Mathematics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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230
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Alder A, Jamil M, Marzorati M, Bruno M, Vermathen M, Bigler P, Ghisla S, Bouwmeester H, Beyer P, Al-Babili S. The path from β-carotene to carlactone, a strigolactone-like plant hormone. Science 2012; 335:1348-51. [PMID: 22422982 DOI: 10.1126/science.1218094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones, phytohormones with diverse signaling activities, have a common structure consisting of two lactones connected by an enol-ether bridge. Strigolactones derive from carotenoids via a pathway involving the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases 7 and 8 (CCD7 and CCD8) and the iron-binding protein D27. We show that D27 is a β-carotene isomerase that converts all-trans-β-carotene into 9-cis-β-carotene, which is cleaved by CCD7 into a 9-cis-configured aldehyde. CCD8 incorporates three oxygens into 9-cis-β-apo-10'-carotenal and performs molecular rearrangement, linking carotenoids with strigolactones and producing carlactone, a compound with strigolactone-like biological activities. Knowledge of the structure of carlactone will be crucial for understanding the biology of strigolactones and may have applications in combating parasitic weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Alder
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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231
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Jamil M, Charnikhova T, Houshyani B, van Ast A, Bouwmeester HJ. Genetic variation in strigolactone production and tillering in rice and its effect on Striga hermonthica infection. Planta 2012; 235:473-84. [PMID: 21947621 PMCID: PMC3288373 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tillering in cereals is a complex process in the regulation of which also signals from the roots in the form of strigolactones play an important role. The strigolactones are signalling molecules that are secreted into the rhizosphere where they act as germination stimulants for root parasitic plants and hyphal branching factors for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. On the other hand, they are also transported from the roots to the shoot where they inhibit tillering or branching. In the present study, the genetic variation in strigolactone production and tillering phenotype was studied in twenty rice varieties collected from all over the world and correlated with S. hermonthica infection. Rice cultivars like IAC 165, IAC 1246, Gangweondo and Kinko produced high amounts of the strigolactones orobanchol, 2'-epi-5-deoxystrigol and three methoxy-5-deoxystrigol isomers and displayed low amounts of tillers. These varieties induced high S. hermonthica germination, attachment, emergence as well as dry biomass. In contrast, rice cultivars such as Super Basmati, TN 1, Anakila and Agee displayed high tillering in combination with low production of the aforementioned strigolactones. These varieties induced only low S. hermonthica germination, attachment, emergence and dry biomass. Statistical analysis across all the varieties confirmed a positive correlation between strigolactone production and S. hermonthica infection and a negative relationship with tillering. These results show that genetic variation in tillering capacity is the result of genetic variation in strigolactone production and hence could be a helpful tool in selecting rice cultivars that are less susceptible to S. hermonthica infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tatsiana Charnikhova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benyamin Houshyani
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aad van Ast
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis (CCSA), Crop and Weed Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro J. Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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232
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Jamil M, Rodenburg J, Charnikhova T, Bouwmeester HJ. Pre-attachment Striga hermonthica resistance of New Rice for Africa (NERICA) cultivars based on low strigolactone production. New Phytol 2011; 192:964-975. [PMID: 21883233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03850.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Striga hermonthica (Striga) is an obligate hemiparasitic weed, causing severe yield losses in cereals, including rice, throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Striga germination depends on strigolactones (germination stimulants) exuded by the host roots. The interspecific New Rice for Africa (NERICA) cultivars offer a potentially interesting gene pool for a screen for low germination-inducing rice cultivars. Exudates were collected from all NERICA cultivars and their parents (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) for the analysis of strigolactones. In vitro and in situ Striga germination, attachment and emergence rates were recorded for each cultivar. NERICA 1 and CG14 produced significantly less strigolactones and showed less Striga infection than the other cultivars. NERICAs 7, 8, 11 and 14 produced the largest amounts of strigolactones and showed the most severe Striga infection. Across all the cultivars and parents, there was a positive relationship between the amount of strigolactones in the exudate and Striga germination, attachment and emergence rates. This study shows that there is genetic variation in Striga pre-attachment resistance in NERICA rice. Cultivars combining this pre-attachment resistance with post-attachment resistance (already identified) can provide a key component for durable integrated management of this noxious weed in cereal production systems in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 658, 6700 AR Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jonne Rodenburg
- Africa Rice Center, East and Southern Africa Rice Program, Tanzania
| | - Tatsiana Charnikhova
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 658, 6700 AR Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harro J Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 658, 6700 AR Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Center for Biosystems Genomics, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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233
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Eun Jung J, Lee GH, Eun Jang J, Hwang KY, Ahmad F, Jamil M, Jin Woo L, Jae Jeon Y. Optical property enhancement of dye-PDLC using active reflector structure. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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234
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Liu W, Kohlen W, Lillo A, Op den Camp R, Ivanov S, Hartog M, Limpens E, Jamil M, Smaczniak C, Kaufmann K, Yang WC, Hooiveld GJ, Charnikhova T, Bouwmeester HJ, Bisseling T, Geurts R. Strigolactone biosynthesis in Medicago truncatula and rice requires the symbiotic GRAS-type transcription factors NSP1 and NSP2. Plant Cell 2011; 23:3853-65. [PMID: 22039214 PMCID: PMC3229154 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.089771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Legume GRAS (GAI, RGA, SCR)-type transcription factors NODULATION SIGNALING PATHWAY1 (NSP1) and NSP2 are essential for rhizobium Nod factor-induced nodulation. Both proteins are considered to be Nod factor response factors regulating gene expression after symbiotic signaling. However, legume NSP1 and NSP2 can be functionally replaced by nonlegume orthologs, including rice (Oryza sativa) NSP1 and NSP2, indicating that both proteins are functionally conserved in higher plants. Here, we show that NSP1 and NSP2 are indispensable for strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis in the legume Medicago truncatula and in rice. Mutant nsp1 plants do not produce SLs, whereas in M. truncatula, NSP2 is essential for conversion of orobanchol into didehydro-orobanchol, which is the main SL produced by this species. The disturbed SL biosynthesis in nsp1 nsp2 mutant backgrounds correlates with reduced expression of DWARF27, a gene essential for SL biosynthesis. Rice and M. truncatula represent distinct phylogenetic lineages that split approximately 150 million years ago. Therefore, we conclude that regulation of SL biosynthesis by NSP1 and NSP2 is an ancestral function conserved in higher plants. NSP1 and NSP2 are single-copy genes in legumes, which implies that both proteins fulfill dual regulatory functions to control downstream targets after rhizobium-induced signaling as well as SL biosynthesis in nonsymbiotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wouter Kohlen
- Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Lillo
- Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rik Op den Camp
- Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke Hartog
- Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Limpens
- Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cezary Smaczniak
- Plant Research International–Bioscience, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Kaufmann
- Plant Research International–Bioscience, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guido J.E.J. Hooiveld
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tatsiana Charnikhova
- Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro J. Bouwmeester
- Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Bisseling
- Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - René Geurts
- Department of Plant Science, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Address correspondence to
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235
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Jamil M, Zafar AA, Fetecau C, Khan NA. EXACT ANALYTIC SOLUTIONS FOR THE FLOW OF A GENERALIZED BURGERS FLUID INDUCED BY AN ACCELERATED SHEAR STRESS. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2011.570389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jamil
- Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences, GC University , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A. A. Zafar
- Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences, GC University , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - C. Fetecau
- Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences, GC University , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N. A. Khan
- Department of Mathematics, University of Karachi , Karachi, Pakistan
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Khan NA, Ara A, Ali SA, Jamil M. Orthogonal Flow Impinging on a Wall with Suction or Blowing. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 2011. [DOI: 10.1515/1542-6580.2458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work is the approximate solutions of a viscous incompressible fluid impinging orthogonally on a porous flat plate. The equation governing the flow of an incompressible fluid is investigated using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) with the aid of Padé-approximants. The approximate solutions can be successfully applied to provide the value of the skin-friction. The reliability and efficiency of the approximate solutions were verified using numerical solutions in the literature.
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237
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Jamil M, Khan Z, Abbasi MM, Ahmad K. Spinal anaesthesia in paediatric patients undergoing surgery of sub umbilical region of the body. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2011; 23:119-122. [PMID: 23272451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of spinal anaesthesia in infants and children requiring surgeries of sub umbilical region is gaining considerable popularity worldwide. But in our setups in South Asia. this technique has not gained popularity yet. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the haemodynamic and respiratory safety of spinal anaesthesia in infants and children. METHODS In our study, 66 paediatric patients of age ranging from 6 months to 10 years of either sex, ASA I and II, undergoing surgeries of sub umbilical regions were included. Spinal anaesthesia was administered with Quincke 25 gauge needles at L3-L4 and L4-L5 space in the lateral decubitus position after premedication. Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MAP), Heart rate, Sp(O2), duration of surgery and attempts of spinal block were the data recorded. RESULTS Out of the 66 patients, intra-operative Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (MAP) was normal in 65 (98.5%) of the patients. Heart rate was increased in 57 (86.4%) patients, intra operatively. Pulse oximetery was normal during surgery in all the children. Duration of surgery was less than one hour in 48 (72.7%) patients and it was between 1-2 hours in 18 (27.3%) of the patients. Feasibility in the form of attempts was first in 37 patients and second in 29 patients. CONCLUSION The ease of performance and the safety regarding cardio- respiratory functions makes spinal anaesthesia as an alternative to general anaesthesia in infants and children undergoing surgeries of sub umbilical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Anaesthesia, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, King Abdullah Teaching Hospital Mansehra, Pakistan
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238
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Buegler M, Gamage S, Atalay R, Wang J, Senevirathna MKI, Kirste R, Xu T, Jamil M, Ferguson I, Tweedie J, Collazo R, Hoffmann A, Sitar Z, Dietz N. Growth temperature and growth rate dependency on reactor pressure for InN epilayers grown by HPCVD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.201001067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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239
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Ahmad F, Jamil M, Jeon YJ, Woo LJ, Jung JE, Jang JE, Lee GH, Park J. Comparative study on the electrooptical properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal films with different mixtures of monomers and liquid crystals. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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240
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Jamil M, Fetecau C, Khan NA, Mahmood A. Some Exact Solutions for Helical Flows of Maxwell Fluid in an Annular Pipe due to Accelerated Shear Stresses. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 2011. [DOI: 10.1515/1542-6580.2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Some exact solutions corresponding to helical flows of Maxwell fluid between two infinite coaxial circular cylinders are determined by means of finite Hankel transform, presented in series form, satisfied all imposed initial and boundary conditions. The motion is produced by the inner cylinder that applies the torsional and longitudinal time-dependent accelerated shear stresses to the fluid. The corresponding solutions for Newtonian fluid and large-time solutions are also obtained as limiting cases and effect of material parameters on the large-time solutions are discussed. Finally, the influence of pertinent parameters as well as a comparison between Maxwell and Newtonian fluids on the velocity components and shear stresses profiles is also examined by graphical illustrations.
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241
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Malik H, Kohlen W, Jamil M, Rutjes FPJT, Zwanenburg B. Aromatic A-ring analogues of orobanchol, new germination stimulants for seeds of parasitic weeds. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2286-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00735h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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242
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Ansari J, Jamil M. Pathways of Hepatic Regeneration and Pharmacological Approaches for Hepatoprotection: A Brief Approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/jpt.2011.24.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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243
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Zain M, M. Abd S, Hamid R, Jamil M. Potential for Utilising Concrete Mix Properties to Predict Strength at Different Ages. J of Applied Sciences 2010; 10:2831-2838. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2010.2831.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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244
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Jamil M, Charnikhova T, Verstappen F, Bouwmeester H. Carotenoid inhibitors reduce strigolactone production and Striga hermonthica infection in rice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 504:123-31. [PMID: 20732294 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The strigolactones are internal and rhizosphere signalling molecules in plants that are biosynthesised through carotenoid cleavage. They are secreted by host roots into the rhizosphere where they signal host-presence to the symbiotic arbuscular mycrorrhizal (AM) fungi and the parasitic plants of the Orobanche, Phelipanche and Striga genera. The seeds of these parasitic plants germinate after perceiving these signalling molecules. After attachment to the host root, the parasite negatively affects the host plant by withdrawing water, nutrients and assimilates through a direct connection with the host xylem. In many areas of the world these parasites are a threat to agriculture but so far very limited success has been achieved to minimize losses due to these parasitic weeds. Considering the carotenoid origin of the strigolactones, in the present study we investigated the possibilities to reduce strigolactone production in the roots of plants by blocking carotenoid biosynthesis using carotenoid inhibitors. Hereto the carotenoid inhibitors fluridone, norflurazon, clomazone and amitrole were applied to rice either through irrigation or through foliar spray. Irrigation application of all carotenoid inhibitors and spray application of amitrole significantly decreased strigolactone production, Striga hermonthica germination and Striga infection, also in concentrations too low to affect growth and development of the host plant. Hence, we demonstrate that the application of carotenoid inhibitors to plants can affect S. hermonthica germination and attachment indirectly by reducing the strigolactone concentration in the rhizosphere. This finding is useful for further studies on the relevance of the strigolactones in rhizosphere signalling. Since these inhibitors are available and accessible, they may represent an efficient technology for farmers, including poor subsistence farmers in the African continent, to control these harmful parasitic weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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245
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Jamil M, Jo HY, Rhee J, Jeon Y. Simulation study using GEANT4 Monte Carlo code for a Gd-coated resistive plate chamber as a thermal neutron detector. RADIAT MEAS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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246
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Ahmad F, Baloch MK, Jamil M, Jeon Y. Characterization of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer and investigation of its micellization behavior in water. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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247
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Asif M, Haroon T, Qureshi WUR, Jamil M, Malik S, Ghani R. Correlation of operative findings with pre-operative clinical signs and analysis of x-rays in patients with airway foreign bodies. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2010; 22:32-34. [PMID: 21409898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foreign body aspiration is one of the commonly encountered emergencies in ENT and still it remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. However with the development of modern endoscopic techniques and controlled anaesthesia, most foreign bodies can be removed safely with a bronchoscope. METHODS This study was carried out at Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad from 1st Jan 2003 to 30th June 2005. Total 81 patients were registered in the study. Two patients, in whom the foreign body could not be removed, were excluded from the study. RESULTS The most consistent finding was decreased air entry on chest auscultation on the side of impacted foreign body which was present in 72 (91.1%) patients. The second most consistent finding was audible wheeze on the side of impacted foreign body found in 42 (53.2%) patients. The most common finding on Chest X-ray was emphysema found in 19 (61.3%) patient, followed by atelactasis in 9 (28%) patients while 3 (9.7%) patients had normal Chest x-ray. CONCLUSION The pre-operative clinical signs in patient with aspirated foreign body give an idea about the site of foreign body in an airway. Although chest x-ray gives an idea about the pathological changes in respiratory tract it has little impact in the management of a patient with aspirated foreign body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Department of ENT, Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
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Daud MK, Variath MT, Ali S, Najeeb U, Jamil M, Hayat Y, Dawood M, Khan MI, Zaffar M, Cheema SA, Tong XH, Zhu S. Cadmium-induced ultramorphological and physiological changes in leaves of two transgenic cotton cultivars and their wild relative. J Hazard Mater 2009; 168:614-625. [PMID: 19329254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 01/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes cadmium-induced alterations in the leaves as well as at the whole plant level in two transgenic cotton cultivars (BR001 and GK30) and their wild relative (Coker 312) using both ultramorphological and physiological indices. With elevated levels of Cd (i.e. 10, 100, 1000 microM), the mean lengths of root, stem and leaf and leaf width as well as their fresh and dry biomasses linearly decreased over their respective controls. Moreover, root, stem and leaf water absorption capacities progressively stimulated, which were high in leaves followed by roots and stems. BR001 accumulated more cadmium followed by GK30 and Coker 312. Root and shoot cadmium uptakes were significantly and directly correlated with each other as well as with leaf, stem and root water absorption capacities. The ultrastructural modifications in leaf mesophyll cells were triggered with increase in Cd stress regime. They were more obvious in BR001 followed by GK30 and Coker 312. Changes in morphology of chloroplast, increase in number and size of starch grains as well as increase in number of plastoglobuli were the noticed qualitative effects of Cd on photosynthetic organ. Cd in the form of electron dense granules could be seen inside the vacuoles and attached to the cell walls in all these cultivars. From the present experiment, it can be well established that both apoplastic and symplastic bindings are involved in Cd detoxification in these cultivars. Absence of tonoplast invagination reveals that Cd toxic levels did not cause water stress in any cultivars. Additionally, these cultivars possess differential capabilities towards Cd accumulation and its sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Daud
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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López-Ráez JA, Matusova R, Cardoso C, Jamil M, Charnikhova T, Kohlen W, Ruyter-Spira C, Verstappen F, Bouwmeester H. Strigolactones: ecological significance and use as a target for parasitic plant control. Pest Manag Sci 2009; 65:471-7. [PMID: 19115242 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic weeds cause severe damage to important agricultural crops. Although some promising control methods against these parasitic plants have been developed, new strategies continue to be relevant in integrated approaches. The life cycle for root parasitic weeds is intimately associated with their host and is a suitable target for such new control strategies, particularly when directed at the early stages of the host-parasite interaction. Here, the authors focus on knowledge of the germination stimulants-strigolactones-for the root parasitic plants Striga and Orobanche spp. and discuss their biosynthetic origin, ecological significance and physiological and biochemical regulation. In addition, the existing and possible new control strategies that are based on this knowledge, and that could lead to more efficient control methods against these root parasitic weeds, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A López-Ráez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The study was carried out to investigate the nature of gene action determining the inheritance pattern of protein, lysine, gluten and flour yield in eight wheat varieties (Pak 81, Pothowar 93, Parwaz 94, Shahkar 95, Suleiman 96, Chakwal 97, Kohistan 97 and MH 97) selected on the basis of phenotypic diversity. In order to ascertain the gene action involved in the inheritance of these characters, the techniques like analysis of variance of Hayman model and genetic component analysis were employed. The estimates of components of genetic variation showed that additive genetic effects controlled the expression of traits like protein contents and flour yield, however, non-additive gene effects were more important for lysine contents and gluten contents. Directional dominance was observed in case of protein contents, which indicated the possibility of further improvement in this particular trait. Protein contents and flour yield being controlled by additive genetic effects with partial dominance suggested that selection could be practiced in early segregating generations for improvement in these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Akram
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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