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Nakata K, Inoue Y, Harada J, Maeda N, Watanabe H, Tano Y, Shimomura Y, Harino S, Sawa M. A high incidence of Staphylococcus aureus colonization in the external eyes of patients with atopic dermatitis. Ophthalmology 2000; 107:2167-71. [PMID: 11097590 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency distribution of bacteria on the external surface of eyes of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and to investigate the relationship between the frequency of bacterial colonization and the grade of atopy or ocular diseases associated with AD. DESIGN Comparative cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-six AD patients (mean age, 24.5 years) and 16 nonatopic, age-matched control participants (mean age, 25.5 years). INTERVENTION The eyelid margins and conjunctival sacs were scraped with sterile swabs. These samples were inoculated into aerobic and anaerobic culture media. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The frequency distribution of bacteria isolated from the eyelid margins and conjunctival sacs. RESULTS Bacteria isolated from AD patients were: Staphylococcus aureus in 21 of 36 patients (including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two patients); Staphylococcus epidermidis in two patients (including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in one patient); other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in six patients;alpha-streptococcus in three patients; Corynebacterium species in three patients; Neisseria species in two patients; and Propionibacterium acnes in one patient. From the nonatopic control participants, we isolated S. aureus in one patient, S. epidermidis in two patients and alpha-streptococcus in one patient. S. aureus was isolated from 67% of the AD patients, and any type of bacteria was isolated from 86% of the patients. These rates were significantly higher than those of nonatopic control participants (6% S. aureus and 25% any bacteria). There was no significant relationship between the frequency distribution of bacteria and the grade of atopy or associated ocular diseases. CONCLUSIONS High rates of bacterial colonization, especially S. aureus, were found in the conjunctival sacs and eyelid margins of AD patients. In case management of AD patients, this unique distribution of bacteria must be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.
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202
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsuchiyama
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Japan
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203
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Araki K, Noguchi Y, Hirouchi T, Yoshikawa E, Kataoka S, Silverni L, Miyazawa H, Kuzuhara H, Suzuki C, Shimada Y, Hamasato S, Maeda N, Shimamura Y, Ogawa Y, Ohtsuki Y, Fujimoto S. Cancer regression induced by modified CTL therapy is regulated by HLA class II and class I antigens in Japanese patients with advanced cancer. Int J Oncol 2000; 17:1107-18. [PMID: 11078795 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.17.6.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous cancer-specific bulk CTLs are unlikely to be induced by in vitro CTL generation (ivtCTLG) using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cancer patients when autologous cancer cells are used as in vitro stimulators. However, autologous cancer-specific bulk CTLs are frequently activated when allogeneic cancer cells are used as in vitro stimulators, regardless of the type of cancer cell. We have developed a cancer-specific immunotherapy called modified CTL therapy, which involves adoptive immunotherapy of autologous cancer-specific bulk CTLs after active immunization of autologous or allogeneic cancer cells screened as in vitro stimulators according to their ability to induce autologous cancer-specific CTLs (ACS. CTLs). Cancer did not regress in patients in whom ACS.CTLs were not induced by ivtCTLG using the patients' PBMCs in therapy. Cancer regression, albeit temporary, occurred solely in patients under the immunological condition that ACS.CTLs were induced by ivtCTLG using PBMCs through the therapy. The induction of ACS.CTLs by ivtCTLG using patient PBMCs in therapy was related to patients' HLA class II antigens. HLA DR8 was seen more frequently in ACS.CTL-inducible patients than in ACS.CTL-uninducible patients (P=0.051). On the contrary, HLA DQ3 was seen more frequently in ACS.CTL-uninducible patients (P=0.055). On the other hand, the success in therapy, albeit temporary, was related mainly to patients' HLA class I antigens. HLA B61 was seen more frequently in patients whose therapy proved effective than in patients whose therapy proved ineffective (P=0.018). HLA Cw7 was seen more frequently in therapy-ineffective patients (P=0.040).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Araki
- Department of Medicine, Atago General Hospital, Kochi-shi, Kochi 780-0056, Japan.
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204
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Abstract
Tricyclic antidepressants are still a dominating group of psychotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of depression. Oral dryness is one of their major side-effects, leading in humans to increased oral disease and dysfunction of speech, chewing, swallowing and taste. We previously reported that the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine desensitizes beta-adrenergic signal transduction in salivary glands. In this study, we evaluated the effects of this treatment on parotid and submandibular gland function, oral microbiota, and oral health in rats. Total protein secretion and salivary alpha-amylase was not affected by treatment, while cellular alpha-amylase and the content of epidermal growth factor was depressed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed increased secretion for proline-rich proteins and glycoproteins. Surprisingly, flow rates were temporarily increased. These alterations in salivary gland function may partially explain the observed changes in oral microbiota and the increased incidence of gingivitis. Under other nutritional conditions, desipramine might have more severe impacts on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Koller
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Claude Denson Pepper Center for Research on Oral Health in Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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205
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Abstract
A 41-year-old man with 16 radial keratotomy (RK) incisions in each eye reported a paradoxical diurnal variation in vision in both eyes with low Dk/L soft contact lenses. After rk, the patient experienced the conventional diurnal change a morning-to-evening mean (right and left eyes) myopic change of -1.80 diopters (D). However, while wearing low Dk/L contact lenses, a paradoxical morning-to-evening mean hyperopic change of 2.30 D was found. The diurnal variation was minimized (0.50 D) by wearing high Dk/L contact lenses. These results suggest that contact lenses can be used to treat diurnal variation in manifest refraction after RK by inducing appropriate stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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206
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex, multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental determinants. Experimental investigation of the effects of these determinants on the development and progression of atherosclerosis has been greatly facilitated by the use of targeted mouse models of the disease, particularly those resulting from the absence of functional genes for apolipoprotein E or the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). This review focuses on the influence on atherosclerosis of combining apoE or LDLR deficiencies with factors affecting atherogenesis, including (1) inflammatory processes, (2) glucose metabolism, (3) blood pressure, and (4) coagulation and fibrinolysis. We also discuss the general problem of using the mouse to test the effects on atherogenesis of human polymorphic variations and future ways of enhancing the usefulness of these mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Knowles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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207
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Suzuki Y, Tateishi N, Cicha I, Shiba M, Muraoka M, Tadokoro K, Maeda N. Decreased deformability of the X-ray-irradiated red blood cells stored in mannitol-adenine-phosphate medium. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2000; 22:131-41. [PMID: 10831063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
X-ray irradiation of blood is an effective way to prevent transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. Red blood cells (RBCs) from normal donors suspended in mannitol-adenine-phosphate (MAP) medium were irradiated with X-ray of 15 and 35 Gy in minimum dose. The change of deformability of the RBCs during storage at 4 degrees C for 4 weeks was examined under shear stress of 13-130 dyn/cm2 using a rheoscope, in relation to the hematological and biochemical properties. (1) The deformability of RBCs was decreased during the storage, and it was further decreased by the irradiation. In addition, the number of undeformable RBCs against a given shear stress increased after the irradiation. (2) The cell volume gradually decreased, while the intracellular hemoglobin concentration increased. These changes were accelerated by the irradiation. The echinocytic transformation during the storage was not accelerated by the irradiation. (3) The content of aggregated proteins reducible with beta-mercaptoethanol in RBC membrane increased during the storage, but was not increased by the irradiation. Membrane lipid peroxidation was not increased during the storage and by the irradiation. (4) Leakage of potassium ions from RBCs during the storage was accelerated by the irradiation. In conclusion, shear-induced deformation of RBCs stored in MAP medium was impaired by X-ray irradiation, mainly due to dehydration caused by excess leakage of potassium ions from RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Suzuki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University Shigenobu, Japan
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208
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Siebert H, Sachse A, Kuziel WA, Maeda N, Brück W. The chemokine receptor CCR2 is involved in macrophage recruitment to the injured peripheral nervous system. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 110:177-85. [PMID: 11024548 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Wallerian degeneration is one of the most elementary reactions of the nervous system after transection of axons, leading to the recruitment of mononuclear cells from the systemic circulation. However, the exact mechanisms regulating this cell invasion have not yet been clarified in detail. Chemokines and their receptors play a central role in leukocyte trafficking, in particular the chemokine MCP-1 has been strongly implicated in macrophage recruitment to the injured nervous system. The present study investigates the course of Wallerian degeneration after transection of the sciatic nerve in mice deficient in two chemokine receptors: CCR2, the main receptor for MCP-1, and CCR5, a marker for Th1 T lymphocytes but also present on macrophages. The number of invading macrophages was determined by immunocytochemistry for three typical macrophage antigens (F4/80, Mac-1, LFA-1). The chemokine receptor CCR2 was expressed by infiltrating cells in the transected nerve stumps. Macrophage invasion was significantly impaired in CCR2-knockout mice when compared with wildtype controls and CCR5-deficient mice. Subsequently, there was a corresponding decrease in myelin phagocytosis due to the reduced invasion of phagocytic macrophages. These data demonstrate the involvement of the chemokine receptor CCR2 in macrophage recruitment to the injured nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Siebert
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité, Humboldt-University, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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209
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Aratani Y, Kura F, Watanabe H, Akagawa H, Takano Y, Suzuki K, Maeda N, Koyama H. Differential host susceptibility to pulmonary infections with bacteria and fungi in mice deficient in myeloperoxidase. J Infect Dis 2000; 182:1276-9. [PMID: 10979934 DOI: 10.1086/315843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2000] [Revised: 06/19/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is located within neutrophils capable of producing hypochlorous acid, is active in vitro against bacteria and fungi. However, MPO-deficient persons are usually healthy. To define the in vivo contribution of MPO to early host defense against pulmonary infections, MPO-deficient and control mice were intranasally infected with various fungi and bacteria, and the number of residual microorganisms in lungs was compared 48 h later. MPO-deficient mice showed severely reduced cytotoxicity to Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Trichosporon asahii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, the mutant mice showed a slight but significantly delayed clearance of Aspergillus fumigatus and Klebsiella pneumoniae and had comparable levels of resistance to the wild type against Candida glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. These results suggest that the MPO-dependent oxidative system is important for host defense against fungi and bacteria, although the effect varies by pathogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Aratani
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Totsuka, Yokohama 244-0813, Japan.
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210
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Lamping KG, Nuno DW, Shesely EG, Maeda N, Faraci FM. Vasodilator mechanisms in the coronary circulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000; 279:H1906-12. [PMID: 11009479 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.4.h1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that responses to endothelium-dependent vasodilators are absent in the aortas from mice deficient in expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS -/- mice), whereas responses in the cerebral microcirculation are preserved. We tested the hypothesis that in the absence of eNOS, other vasodilator pathways compensate to preserve endothelium-dependent relaxation in the coronary circulation. Diameters of isolated, pressurized coronary arteries from eNOS -/-, eNOS heterozygous (+/-), and wild-type mice (eNOS +/+ and C57BL/6J) were measured by video microscopy. ACh (an endothelium-dependent agonist) produced vasodilation in wild-type mice. This response was normal in eNOS +/- mice and was largely preserved in eNOS -/- mice. Responses to nitroprusside were also similar in arteries from eNOS +/+, eNOS +/-, and eNOS -/- mice. Dilation to ACh was inhibited by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of NOS in control and eNOS -/- mice. In contrast, trifluoromethylphenylimidazole, an inhibitor of neuronal NOS (nNOS), decreased ACh-induced dilation in arteries from eNOS-deficient mice but had no effect on responses in wild-type mice. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, decreased vasodilation to ACh in eNOS-deficient, but not wild-type, mice. Thus, in the absence of eNOS, dilation of coronary arteries to ACh is preserved by other vasodilator mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Lamping
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, The Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, USA.
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211
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Akama TO, Nishida K, Nakayama J, Watanabe H, Ozaki K, Nakamura T, Dota A, Kawasaki S, Inoue Y, Maeda N, Yamamoto S, Fujiwara T, Thonar EJ, Shimomura Y, Kinoshita S, Tanigami A, Fukuda MN. Macular corneal dystrophy type I and type II are caused by distinct mutations in a new sulphotransferase gene. Nat Genet 2000; 26:237-41. [PMID: 11017086 DOI: 10.1038/79987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macular corneal dystrophy (MCD; MIM 217800) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease in which progressive punctate opacities in the cornea result in bilateral loss of vision, eventually necessitating corneal transplantation. MCD is classified into two subtypes, type I and type II, defined by the respective absence and presence of sulphated keratan sulphate in the patient serum, although both types have clinically indistinguishable phenotypes. The gene responsible for MCD type I has been mapped to chromosome 16q22, and that responsible for MCD type II may involve the same locus. Here we identify a new carbohydrate sulphotransferase gene (CHST6), encoding an enzyme designated corneal N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulphotransferase (C-GlcNAc6ST), within the critical region of MCD type I. In MCD type I, we identified several mutations that may lead to inactivation of C-GlcNAc6ST within the coding region of CHST6. In MCD type II, we found large deletions and/or replacements caused by homologous recombination in the upstream region of CHST6. In situ hybridization analysis did not detect CHST6 transcripts in corneal epithelium in an MCD type II patient, suggesting that the mutations found in type II lead to loss of cornea-specific expression of CHST6.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Akama
- Glycobiology Program, The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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212
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Abstract
We evaluated the effects of vitamin E and beta-carotene on apolipoprotein (apo)E +/- female mice, which develop atherosclerosis only when fed diets high in triglyceride and cholesterol. Mice were fed a nonpurified control diet (5.3 g/100 g triglyceride, 0.2 g/100 g cholesterol), an atherogenic diet alone (15.8 g/100 g triglyceride, 1.25 g/100 g cholesterol, 0.5 g/100 g Na cholate) or the atherogenic diet supplemented with either 0.5 g/100 g (+)-alpha-tocopherol (mixed isomers); 0.5 g/100 g palm tocopherols (palm-E; 33% alpha-tocopherol, 16.1% alpha-tocotrienol, 2.3% beta-tocotrienol, 32.2% gamma-tocotrienol, 16.1% delta-tocotrienol); 1.5 g/100 g palm-E; or 0.01 g/100 g palm-carotenoids (58% beta-carotene, 33% alpha-carotene, 9% other carotenoids). Compared with mice fed the control diet, plasma cholesterol was fourfold greater in mice fed the atherogenic diet. Mice fed the 1.5 g/100 g palm-E supplement had 60% lower plasma cholesterol than groups fed the other atherogenic diets. Mice fed the atherogenic diet had markedly higher VLDL, intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and LDL cholesterol and markedly lower HDL cholesterol than the controls. Lipoprotein patterns in mice supplemented with alpha-tocopherol or palm carotenoids were similar to those of the mice fed the atherogenic diet alone, but the pattern in mice supplemented with 1. 5 g/100 g palm-E was similar to that of mice fed the control diet. In mice fed the atherogenic diet, the hepatic cholesterol plus cholesterol ester concentration was 4.4-fold greater than in mice fed the control diet. Supplementing with 1.5 g/100 g palm-E lowered hepatic cholesterol plus cholesterol ester concentration 66% compared with the atherogenic diet alone. Mice fed the atherogenic diet had large atherosclerotic lesions at the level of the aortic valve. With supplements of 0.5 g/100 g palm-E or 1.5 g/100 g palm-E, the size of the lesions was 92 or 98% smaller, respectively. The 0.5 g/100 g alpha-tocopherol and palm carotenoid supplements had no effect. Supplements did not alter mRNA abundance for apolipoproteins A1, E, and C3. The beneficial effect of tocotrienols on atherogenesis, the plasma lipoprotein profile and accumulation of hepatic cholesterol esters cannot be attributed to their antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Black
- Departments of. Medicine, Pathology and. Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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213
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Mashima Y, Yamamoto S, Inoue Y, Yamada M, Konishi M, Watanabe H, Maeda N, Shimomura Y, Kinoshita S. Association of autosomal dominantly inherited corneal dystrophies with BIGH3 gene mutations in Japan. Am J Ophthalmol 2000; 130:516-7. [PMID: 11024425 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the incidence of BIGH3 gene mutations in 164 unrelated Japanese patients with corneal stromal dystrophies with an autosomal dominant trait. METHODS Data were collected at two major institutions in the eastern and western parts of Japan, where molecular genetic analysis was performed for diagnostic purpose. RESULTS The incidence of mutations was ranked as follows: 118 patients (72%), the R124H mutation associated with Avellino corneal dystrophy; 23 patients (14%), the R124C mutation associated with lattice corneal dystrophy type 1; and 10 patients (6%), the P501T mutation associated with lattice corneal dystrophy type 3A. CONCLUSION Avellino corneal dystrophy associated with the R124H mutation is the most common form of corneal stromal dystrophy in Japan. This dystrophy, which is diagnosed histopathologically, has also been called granular corneal dystrophy in Japan. The classification of these diseases according to genetic pathogenesis may be more appropriate than is the use of clinical or histological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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214
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Maeda N, Horie Y, Adachi K, Nanba E, Kawasaki H, Daimon M, Kudo Y, Kondo M. Two deletion mutations in the hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene in two unrelated Japanese patients with acute intermittent porphyria. J Hum Genet 2000; 45:263-8. [PMID: 10944860 DOI: 10.1007/s100380070038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease caused by a decreased activity of hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS). Regarding the abnormalities of the HMBS gene, many different mutations have been reported worldwide; however, few families from Japan have been studied. In this work, we investigated the presence of mutations in two unrelated Japanese patients with AIP. Mutational analysis was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method, followed by DNA sequencing. Reliable restriction enzyme cleavage assays were also established for the pedigree analyses. Unique SSCP patterns were noted in exons 12 and 15 of the HMBS gene. Sequencing revealed different mutations in each patient: a two-base deletion of CT at nucleotide 730-731 (730delCT), and also a two-base deletion of CA at position 982-983 (982delCA). Both of the deletion mutations lead to truncated proteins with an abnormal C-terminus, which would be expected to decrease the stability and/or activity of HMBS. Using the cleavage assays, we were able to definitively identify gene carriers in the family. This study adds a novel mutation to those that have been previously reported, and emphasizes that molecular analysis would be very useful not only for the identification of asymptomatic gene carriers in the family but also for the detection of ancestral founders in porphyria families.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maeda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
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215
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Bush E, Maeda N, Kuziel WA, Dawson TC, Wilcox JN, DeLeon H, Taylor WR. CC chemokine receptor 2 is required for macrophage infiltration and vascular hypertrophy in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Hypertension 2000; 36:360-3. [PMID: 10988265 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.36.3.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have identified the presence of macrophages in the arterial wall of hypertensive animals and suggested that as is the case in atherosclerosis, macrophage products may be important mediators of the adaptive response of the arterial wall. In support of this, we have previously shown that the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is upregulated in the arteries of hypertensive animals. We hypothesized that macrophage recruitment is a critical step in the pathogenesis of hypertension. To obtain insights into this potential mechanism, we made use of mice deficient in the CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), the receptor for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Hypertension was induced with the subcutaneous administration of angiotensin II (0.75 mg. kg(-1). d(-1)) for 7 days. Using in situ hybridization with a probe for c-fms to identify macrophages, we found that hypertension-induced macrophage infiltration of the arterial wall was virtually eliminated in CCR2-deficient mice. In addition, vascular hypertrophy was reduced by approximately 65% compared with wild-type animals. These data demonstrate that CCR2 is essential for the recruitment of macrophages into the arterial wall in the setting of hypertension. Furthermore, the decreased hypertrophic response suggests that vascular hypertrophy occurs in part as a consequence of macrophage infiltration. In angiotensin II-induced hypertension, CCR2-mediated responses are critical to the process of macrophage recruitment and vascular hypertrophy and may represent one mechanism by which at least some forms of hypertension may lead to the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bush
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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216
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Lentz SR, Erger RA, Dayal S, Maeda N, Malinow MR, Heistad DD, Faraci FM. Folate dependence of hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular dysfunction in cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000; 279:H970-5. [PMID: 10993757 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.3.h970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, and venous thrombosis. Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with impaired endothelial function, but the mechanisms responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocysteinemia are poorly understood. We have used genetic and dietary approaches to produce hyperhomocysteinemia in mice. Heterozygous cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient mice (CBS +/-), which have a selective defect in homocysteine transsulfuration, and wild-type (CBS +/+) littermates were fed either a control diet or a diet that is relatively deficient in folic acid for 6 wk. Plasma total homocysteine was 5.3 +/- 0.7 microM in CBS +/+ mice and 6.4 +/- 0.6 microM in CBS +/- mice (P = 0.3) given the control diet. Plasma total homocysteine was 11.6 +/- 4.5 microM in CBS +/+ mice and 25.1 +/- 3.2 microM in CBS +/- mice (P = 0.004) given a low-folate diet. In mice fed the control diet, relaxation of aortic rings in response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine did not differ significantly between CBS +/+ mice and CBS +/- mice. In contrast, in mice fed a low-folate diet, maximal relaxation to acetylcholine was markedly impaired in CBS +/- mice (58 +/- 9%) compared with CBS +/+ mice (84 +/- 4%) (P = 0.01). No differences in relaxation to the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside were observed among the four groups of mice. These data indicate that CBS-deficient mice are predisposed to hyperhomocysteinemia during dietary folate deficiency, and moderate hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with marked impairment of endothelial function in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Cystathionine beta-Synthase/deficiency
- Cystathionine beta-Synthase/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Folic Acid/metabolism
- Food, Formulated
- Heterozygote
- Homocysteine/blood
- Hyperhomocysteinemia/blood
- Hyperhomocysteinemia/genetics
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Thrombomodulin/metabolism
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Lentz
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City 52246, USA.
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217
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Dawson TC, Lentsch AB, Wang Z, Cowhig JE, Rot A, Maeda N, Peiper SC. Exaggerated response to endotoxin in mice lacking the Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC). Blood 2000; 96:1681-4. [PMID: 10961863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC) is a promiscuous receptor for chemokines that is required for Plasmodium vivax infection of erythroid cells. This receptor is expressed by subsets of endothelial, as well as erythroid cells. Selection for protection from malaria infection resulted in an erythroid-specific defect, suggesting that DARC may play a critical role in endothelial biology. Mice with targeted disruption of this gene were generated, and the function of DARC in inflammation was explored. RNA from spleens of homozygous mutant mice lacked DARC transcripts, which were abundant in wild-type (+/+) and heterozygote (+/-) mice. DARC(-/-) mice lacked developmental abnormalities and were healthy at 1 year. Whereas hematologic parameters were within normal ranges, erythrocytes from nullizygous mice lacked CXC and CC chemokine-binding activity. Challenge with lipopolysaccharide resulted in significantly increased inflammatory infiltrates in lung and liver of nullizygous mice. These results suggest that DARC modulates the intensity of inflammatory reactions as a sink for chemokines. (Blood. 2000;96:1681-1684)
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Dawson
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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218
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Maeda N, Horie Y, Sasaki Y, Adachi K, Nanba E, Nishida K, Saigo R, Nakagawa M, Kawasaki H, Kudo Y, Kondo M. Three novel mutations in the protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene in Japanese patients with variegate porphyria. Clin Biochem 2000; 33:495-500. [PMID: 11074242 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9120(00)00142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Maeda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
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219
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Tsujikawa M, Tsujikawa K, Maeda N, Watanabe H, Inoue Y, Mashima Y, Shimomura Y, Tano Y. Rapid detection of M1S1 mutations by the protein truncation test. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41:2466-8. [PMID: 10937555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine a method of rapid detection of M1S1 gene mutations in patients with gelatinous droplike corneal dystrophy. METHODS Forty-one patients from 35 families with gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy were studied. The entire coding region of the M1S1 gene was screened using the protein truncation test (PYT), with a polymerase chain reaction fragment amplified from genomic DNA serving as a template of in vitro translation. RESULTS Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations were detected in all patients by a single reaction of the PTT. This result matched those obtained using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequence analyses. The Q118X mutation was present in 63 of the 70 alleles, accounting for 90% of the disease-associated chromosomes in Japanese patients. CONCLUSIONS The PTT is useful for detecting mutations in the M1S1 gene. This technique showed that the Q118X mutation is a founder mutation in Japanese patients with gelatinous droplike corneal dystrophy, and it reflects the linkage disequilibrium reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tsujikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
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220
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Maeda N, Hayashi J, Sawayama Y, Shimizu C, Kashiwagi K, Nakashima H, Kashiwagi S. Chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity and Carotid Atherosclerosis — A Japanese population-based study. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)80125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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221
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Tateishi N, Suzuki Y, Shirai M, Maeda N. Influence of gravity on flow distribution of red blood cells in microcirculation. J Gravit Physiol 2000; 7:P155-6. [PMID: 12697526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the gravity on flow distribution of erythrocytes in microcirculation was examined. We developed a new centrifuge system with a rotation disc. An observation system of blood flow in a micro-flow channel was arranged on the disc. Erythrocyte flow in the micro-flow tube was displaced under the gravity. This study suggests that the gravity affects the transfer of substances from blood vessels to tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tateishi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
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222
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Knowles J, Hodgin J, Maeda N. Genetic interaction between hypertension and atherosclerosis in mice. Atherosclerosis 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)80041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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223
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively evaluate the changes in anterior and posterior corneal curvatures of eyes with keratoconus. DESIGN Case-control retrospective and observational study. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-one patients who were clinically diagnosed to have unilateral or bilateral keratoconus and 18 normal subjects. INTERVENTION The anterior and posterior topographies were obtained using scanning-slit videokeratography and assessed by Fourier series harmonic analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Quantitative descriptors of the topography data, spherical power, regular astigmatism, and irregular astigmatism (asymmetry and higher order irregularity) components were compared between the anterior and posterior surfaces and among groups of clinically diagnosed keratoconus (33 eyes), keratoconus suspect (13 eyes), and normal subjects (36 eyes). RESULTS Spherical power (P = 0.0003, Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni's correction of P values), regular astigmatism (P = 0.0166), and asymmetry (P = 0.0031) of the anterior surface were significantly greater in the keratoconus eyes than in the normal controls. For the posterior surface, spherical power (P<0.0001), regular astigmatism (P = 0.0143), asymmetry (P< 0.0001), and higher order irregularity (P = 0.0032) of the keratoconus group were significantly greater than those of the control group. The keratoconus suspect eyes, when compared with the normal controls, showed a significantly greater amount of spherical power (P = 0. 0166) and asymmetry (P<0.0001) in the anterior surface and spherical power (P <0.0001), regular astigmatism (P = 0.0244), asymmetry (P<0.0001), and higher order irregularity (P = 0.0276) in the posterior surface. All refractive components demonstrated statistically significant correlations between the anterior and posterior surfaces (P<0.0001, Spearman's rank correlation). CONCLUSIONS Not only the anterior but also the posterior corneal curvature is affected in keratoconus. These changes are observed from the early stage of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tomidokoro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Omiya Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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224
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Andres PG, Beck PL, Mizoguchi E, Mizoguchi A, Bhan AK, Dawson T, Kuziel WA, Maeda N, MacDermott RP, Podolsky DK, Reinecker HC. Mice with a selective deletion of the CC chemokine receptors 5 or 2 are protected from dextran sodium sulfate-mediated colitis: lack of CC chemokine receptor 5 expression results in a NK1.1+ lymphocyte-associated Th2-type immune response in the intestine. J Immunol 2000; 164:6303-12. [PMID: 10843684 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.12.6303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 and their respective ligands regulate leukocyte chemotaxis and activation. To determine the role of these chemokine receptors in the regulation of the intestinal immune response, we induced colitis in CCR2- and CCR5-deficient mice by continuous oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Both CCR2- and CCR5-deficient mice were susceptible to DSS-induced intestinal inflammation. The lack of CCR2 or CCR5 did not reduce the DSS-induced migration of macrophages into the colonic lamina propria. However, both CCR5-deficient mice and, to a lesser degree, CCR2-deficient mice were protected from DSS-induced intestinal adhesions and mucosal ulcerations. CCR5-deficient mice were characterized by a greater relative infiltration of CD4+ and NK1.1+ lymphocyte in the colonic lamina propria when compared to wild-type and CCR2-deficient mice. In CCR5-deficient mice, mucosal mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 was increased, whereas that of IFN-gamma was decreased, corresponding to a Th2 pattern of T cell activation. In CCR2-deficient mice, the infiltration of Th2-type T cells in the lamina propria was absent, but increased levels of IL-10 and decreased levels of IFN-gamma may have down regulated mucosal inflammation. Our data indicate that CCR5 may be critical for the promotion of intestinal Th1-type immune responses in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Ly
- Antigens, Surface
- CD4 Lymphocyte Count
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Chemokines/biosynthesis
- Chemokines/genetics
- Colitis/chemically induced
- Colitis/genetics
- Colitis/immunology
- Colitis/prevention & control
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Dextran Sulfate/toxicity
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B
- Neutrophil Activation/immunology
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Proteins
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, CCR2
- Receptors, CCR5/biosynthesis
- Receptors, CCR5/deficiency
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/physiology
- Receptors, Chemokine
- Receptors, Cytokine/deficiency
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/physiology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Andres
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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225
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Maeda N, Kohonen MM, Christenson HK. Phase transition of n-alkane layers adsorbed on mica. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 61:7239-42. [PMID: 11088429 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.7239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/1999] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Thin (thickness h approximately 3 nm) films of n-octadecane and n-hexadecane adsorbed on mica surfaces from vapor close to their bulk melting points (T(m)) have been studied in a surface force apparatus. Using data on the growth rate of capillary condensates between the mica surfaces in contact and measurements of h, we have identified a transition in the structure of the adsorbed films a few degrees above T(m). As T decreases the alkane layers appear to undergo a transition to a more ordered structure, akin to the postulated "surface freezing" of long-chain liquid n-alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maeda
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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226
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Dawson TC, Beck MA, Kuziel WA, Henderson F, Maeda N. Contrasting effects of CCR5 and CCR2 deficiency in the pulmonary inflammatory response to influenza A virus. Am J Pathol 2000; 156:1951-9. [PMID: 10854218 PMCID: PMC1850091 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The immune response to influenza A virus is characterized by an influx of both macrophages and T lymphocytes into the lungs of the infected host, accompanied by induced expression of a number of CC chemokines. CC chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR2 are both expressed on activated macrophages and T cells. We examined how the absence of these chemokine receptors would affect pulmonary chemokine expression and induced leukocyte recruitment by infecting CCR5-deficient mice and CCR2-deficient mice with a mouse-adapted strain of influenza A virus. CCR5(-/-) mice displayed increased mortality rates associated with acute, severe pneumonitis, whereas CCR2(-/-) mice were protected from the early pathological manifestations of influenza because of defective macrophage recruitment. This delay in macrophage accumulation in CCR2(-/-) mice caused a subsequent delay in T cell migration, which correlated with high pulmonary viral titers at early time points. Infected CCR5(-/-) mice and CCR2(-/-) mice both exhibited increased expression of the gene for MCP-1, the major ligand for CCR2(-/-) and a key regulator of induced macrophage migration. These studies illustrate the very different roles that CCR5 and CCR2 play in the macrophage response to influenza infection and demonstrate how defects in macrophage recruitment affect the normal development of the cell-mediated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Dawson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
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227
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Abstract
Oxidatively modified LDL mimics several aspects of atherogenesis. In this disease, degradation of the matrix proteins' network also occurs. By a new morphological ex vivo approach, not requiring sample processing, we explored the relationship between the degradation of matrix protein and oxidatively modified LDL. Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy images of fresh cross-section rings of rat aorta, acquired while the sample was maintained in a glucose- and oxygen-supplemented buffer, showed straight, parallel, thick, long extracellular matrix proteins. Traditional microscopic examination, requiring sample fixation and staining, shows smaller and curved fibers. Instead, we observed curved and broken fibers after a 30-min incubation of aorta with either LDL containing lipid hydroperoxides, or tert-butyl-hydroperoxide. The adhesion of LDL to the endothelium and its internalization was directly visualized by using a lipid fluorophore. The damage to aorta matrix proteins induced by LDL and tert-butyl-hydroperoxide was fully prevented by antioxidants, such as ascorbate or Trolox C, or inhibitors of proteases. The image spectroscopy of the fibers' autofluorescence (polarization and lifetime) revealed an increased mobility of the fluorescent cross-link in fibers. Damaged matrix proteins were also imaged in aorta samples from apolipoprotein E knock-out mice. Our ex vivo images directly visualized the activation of a fast redox-sensitive proteolytic process in the arterial wall triggered by lipid hydroperoxides in LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Parasassi
- Istituto di Medicina Sperimentale, CNR, Roma, Italy.
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228
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Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the relationship between corneal topography and letter contrast sensitivity. METHOD Experiments were conducted on 59 eyes of 51 patients who had best spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better and no ocular pathology except for the corneal shape. Thirty-nine eyes had an abnormal topographic pattern resulting from keratoconus, and the other 20 eyes showed a normal topographic pattern. Videokeratography was performed with the TMS-2 videokeratoscope, and the surface regularity index, surface asymmetry index, and coefficient of variation of power were obtained for each subject. Letter contrast sensitivity was measured with the CSV-1000LV with spectacle correction. The correlation between the number of correct letters and topographic indices was calculated. RESULTS The abnormal topography group had a significantly greater loss of letter contrast sensitivity (median = 20 letters) than the normal control (median = 23 letters; P =.0001). There were statistically significant correlations between number of correct letters and the coefficient of variation of power (r = -.77; P =. 001), number of correct letters and surface regularity index (r = -. 76, P =.001), and the number of correct letters and surface asymmetry index (r = -.64; P =.001). The linear regression equation between number of correct letters and the coefficient of variation of power was the number of correct letters = -0.05 x the coefficient of variation of power + 23.2. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that subtle visual deteriorations, which are barely detected by contrast sensitivity testing, can be predicted objectively by the corneal topographic indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan.
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229
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Nakagawa H, Yamada M, Maeda N, Iwatsuki K, Hirayama A, Ikenaka K. Clinical trial of intrathecal administration of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine for treatment of meningeal dissemination of malignant tumors. J Neurooncol 2000; 45:175-83. [PMID: 10778733 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006373905428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrathecal administration of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) was performed in patients with meningeal dissemination of malignant tumors during the period from January 1996 to September 1998, and they were followed up until February 1999. The study population consisted of 23 patients: 12 with lung cancer, 4 with breast cancer, 2 with colon cancer, 1 with malignant lymphoma, 2 with glioblastoma and 2 with metastatic brain tumors of unknown origin. FdUrd was administered intrathecally through an Ommaya reservoir placed in the lateral ventricle initially at a dose of 1 microg twice per week, and the dose was increased to 10 microg and administration schedule was also increased every day. Headache and nuchal pain were relieved in all patients regardless of responsiveness to intrathecal FdUrd therapy as determined from the findings in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients showed no side effects during the course of intrathecal chemotherapy except for slight nausea in two patients and dull headache in one. Sixteen of the 23 patients showed decreased cell number in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Positive cytological findings in CSF became negative in 6 of the 23 patients, and the levels of CSF tumor markers were decreased in 14. Responsiveness to intrathecal administration of FdUrd was defined as 'response' when both the cell number and tumor markers were decreased in both ventricular and spinal CSF or when the cell number was decreased in cases in which the tumor markers were not detected. Overall, 16 of the 23 patients (70%) showed complete or partial responses to intrathecal FdUrd therapy as determined from CSF findings. These results demonstrated the efficacy of intrathecal FdUrd chemotherapy without apparent neurotoxicity for treatment of meningeal dissemination of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan.
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230
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Nakatsuka H, Ohta S, Tanaka J, Toku K, Kumon Y, Maeda N, Sakanaka M, Sakaki S. Histochemical cytochrome c oxidase activity and caspase-3 in gerbil hippocampal CA1 neurons after transient forebrain ischemia. Neurosci Lett 2000; 285:127-30. [PMID: 10793243 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We examined the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity in gerbil hippocampal CA1 neurons after 5-min ischemia by a histochemical method in the presence or absence of exogenous cytochrome c. In the CA1 neurons, COX activity without exogenous cytochrome c decreased from 1 h after ischemia, but was restored by the addition of exogenous cytochrome c in the following 6 h after ischemia. These results suggest that it is not COX activity but endogenous cytochrome c that is changed in the early phase after ischemia, and that COX activity begins to decrease 9 h after ischemia. We examined caspase-3 in the CA1 region by immunoblotting, as caspase-3 is known to take part in the cell-death cascade downstream from cytochrome c. Although pro-caspase-3 was strongly detected, active caspase-3 was not detected before and until 84 h after 5-min ischemia. Our data suggested that delayed neuronal death is likely to progress via cytochrome c-release but not via caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakatsuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shigenobu-cho, Onsen-gun, Ehime, Japan.
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231
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Nakamura T, Nishida K, Dota A, Adachi W, Yamamoto S, Maeda N, Okada M, Kinoshita S. Gelatino-lattice corneal dystrophy: clinical features and mutational analysis. Am J Ophthalmol 2000; 129:665-6. [PMID: 10844062 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report five unrelated Japanese individuals with "gelatino-lattice corneal dystrophy that clinically resembled, to some extent, gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy and lattice corneal dystrophy type 1. METHODS Genomic DNA isolated from the five individuals with "gelatino-lattice corneal dystrophy was used as a template for polymerase chain reaction to amplify all exons of the candidate gene betaig-h3 and M1S1. The polymerase chain reaction product was then sequenced. RESULTS In all cases, betaig-h3 was mutated in "gelatino-lattice corneal dystrophy (Arg124Cys), which is the same nucleotide change examined previously in lattice corneal dystrophy type 1. On the other hand, no mutation was detected in the entire coding region of M1S1. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that "gelatino-lattice corneal dystrophy may be a subtype of lattice corneal dystrophy type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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232
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Yasuda O, Zhang SH, Miyamoto Y, Maeda N. Differential expression of the alpha1 type VIII collagen gene by smooth muscle cells from atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. J Vasc Res 2000; 37:158-69. [PMID: 10859474 DOI: 10.1159/000025727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the morphology, growth and gene expression of smooth muscle cell (SMC) cultures derived from advanced atherosclerotic plaques and from non-plaque-containing aorta of individual apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. The initial outgrowth of cells was faster from plaques (P) than from non-plaque segments (NP), but the cells in P cultures divided more slowly than NP cells in subcultures. By the 6th passage, the general growth pattern, morphology, ploidy and response to mitogenic factors of the cells were no longer consistently different in P and NP cultures. However, by the use of differential display, several transcripts were identified that were differentially expressed in three independent pairs of P and NP cultures. One of the transcripts, from a type VIII collagen gene, was elevated in all the P cultures compared to their NP counterparts even at the 40th passage. The alpha1 type VIII collagen transcripts were also readily detectable by RT-PCR in freshly dissected plaques, but not in the normal parts of aortas from the apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. In situ hybridization showed that the transcripts were limited to the fibrous cap of plaques. Thus, SMCs from atherosclerotic plaques produce type VIII collagen and this differential expression continues when the cells are maintained in tissue culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Yasuda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
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233
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Yamamoto S, Okada M, Tsujikawa M, Morimura H, Maeda N, Watanabe H, Inoue Y, Shimomura Y, Kinoshita S, Tano Y. The spectrum of beta ig-h3 gene mutations in Japanese patients with corneal dystrophy. Cornea 2000; 19:S21-3. [PMID: 10832717 DOI: 10.1097/00003226-200005001-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was undertaken to identify beta ig-h3 gene mutations in Japanese patients with granular corneal dystrophy (GCD), Avellino corneal dystrophy (ACD), lattice corneal dystrophy (LCD), and Reis-Bücklers' corneal dystrophy (RBCD). R124H, R124C, R555W, and R555Q mutations have been reported in Europe to cause ACD, LCD type I, GCD, and RBCD, respectively. METHODS In total, 91 Japanese patients who had been clinically diagnosed with GCD, LCD, or RBCD were investigated to determine whether they had mutations in the beta ig-h3 gene. Genomic DNA was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and analyzed using single-strand conformation polymorphism techniques. Mutations were identified using the direct sequencing method. RESULTS In 68 unrelated patients who had been diagnosed with GCD, 62 patients (91%) were found to have the R124H mutation, which has been reported to cause ACD, whereas only six patients (9%) had the R555W mutation. In LCD patients, 10 patients with type I disease had the R124C mutation, and 10 patients with type IIIA disease had a P501T mutation. One patient with atypical LCD had an L527R mutation. In two patients with RBCD, one had an R555Q mutation and the other patient with geographic opacities was found to have an R124L mutation. CONCLUSIONS Depending on the specific mutation in the beta ig-h3 gene, the phenotypes of corneal dystrophy may differ. Our results indicate that assay of mutations in the beta ig-h3 gene is required to establish a correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
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234
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Yokoyama T, Saigo K, Maeda N, Hamada Y, Yano Y, Mori T, Tamura M, Tasaka K, Okutani T, Takata M, Maeda Y, Tomofuji Y, Chinzei T. Tumor-like splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with myelofibrosis. Intern Med 2000; 39:416-8. [PMID: 10830186 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.39.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 61-year-old woman, who was diagnosed in 1982 as having polycythemia vera, was admitted to our hospital in July 1998 because of a splenic tumor in an enlarged spleen due to myelofibrosis. As it was difficult to identify the etiology of the splenic tumor, partial splenectomy was carried out. The resected tumor proved to be an extremely proliferative lesion as the result of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Since it is difficult to diagnose the etiology of splenic tumor, the collection and analysis of reports of relevant cases may well facilitate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yokoyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kakogawa Municipal Hospital
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235
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Kawasoko S, Niida S, Kawata T, Sugiyama H, Kaku M, Fujita T, Tokimasa C, Maeda N, Tanne K. Influences of osteoclast deficiency on craniofacial growth in osteopetrotic (op/op) mice. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 2000; 20:76-83. [PMID: 11100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that the defect in bone resorption in osteopetrotic (op/op) mice brings about deformation of the cranium and failure of tooth eruption. However, the influences on longitudinal growth of the craniofacial skeleton have not been elucidated. This study was thus conducted to examine craniofacial morphology and longitudinal changes in the op/op mice by means of morphometric analysis with lateral cephalograms. Lateral cephalograms, taken every 10 days from 10- to 90-day-old mice, were analyzed on a personal computer for 11 measurement items. For the nasal bone region, the most prominent differences were found between the op/op and normal mice. The anterior cranial base and occipital bone height presented almost equivalent growth changes in both the op/op and normal mice. The size of mandible, meanwhile, was significantly smaller in the op/op mice than in the normal controls. The gonial angle was also significantly larger in the op/op mice than in the normal mice throughout the experimental period. Thus, substantial differences in craniofacial growth were demonstrated in various areas of the craniofacial complex, which are assumed essentially due to the lack of osteoclastic bone resorption during growing period. Since the difference became more prominent in the anatomic regions relevant to the masticatory functions, it would be a reasonable assumption that reduced masticatory function is also a key determinant for the less-developed craniofacial skeleton in the op/op mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kawasoko
- Department of Orthodontics, Hiroshima University Faculty of Dentistry, Japan
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236
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237
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Maeda N, Yoshida T, Higuchi Y. [A case of retroperitoneal schwannoma: diagnostic usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2000; 46:173-5. [PMID: 10806574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A 36-year-old man visited our hospital with a chief complaint of difficult urination. He was admitted for further examination because ultrasonography showed a heterogeneous solid mass in the lower abdomen. Intravenous urography showed the right ureter and bladder to be pushed leftward without hydronephrosis. Computerized tomography showed a giant solid mass in the retrovesical space. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a round, well-encapsulated tumor, showing low intensity on the T1-weighted image, heterogeneously high intensity on the T2-weighted image and irregular enhancement with Gd-DTPA. Histopathology of the extirpated tumor was benign schwannoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maeda
- Department of Urology, Ashiya Municipal Hospital
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238
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Shiotani Y, Maeda N, Inoue T, Watanabe H, Inoue Y, Shimomura Y, Tano Y. Comparison of topographic indices that correlate with visual acuity in videokeratography. Ophthalmology 2000; 107:559-64. [PMID: 10711896 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(99)00084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) and two quantitative indices of the anterior corneal surface obtained by videokeratography. DESIGN Prospective, single center, comparative, observational study. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-nine normal eyes and 52 eyes with keratoconus with contact lens-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better. INTERVENTION Videokeratography was performed with the TMS-2 and the CAS system 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The relationship between the BSCVA recorded in log minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) units, the surface regularity index (SRI), and the predicted corneal acuity (PCA) were assessed by linear regression analysis. RESULTS The BSCVAs for all eyes ranged from 0.82 to -0.30 logMAR units. BSCVA was highly correlated with the SRI (r = 0.70, P < 0.0001) and the PCA (r = -0.61, P < 0.0001). There was no statistical difference in the regression slopes and the intercepts for the estimated BSCVA using the SRI and measured BSCVA, and the estimated BSCVA using PCA and measured BSCVA. CONCLUSIONS Two quantitative topographic indices, SRI and PCA, are useful for estimating the effect of irregular astigmatism on visual acuity even though both indices quantify different aspects of the anterior surface of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shiotani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
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239
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Knowles JW, Reddick RL, Jennette JC, Shesely EG, Smithies O, Maeda N. Enhanced atherosclerosis and kidney dysfunction in eNOS(-/-)Apoe(-/-) mice are ameliorated by enalapril treatment. J Clin Invest 2000; 105:451-8. [PMID: 10683374 PMCID: PMC289160 DOI: 10.1172/jci8376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and atherosclerosis are each important causes of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. We have investigated the interaction between these conditions by breeding mice that are atherosclerotic due to lack of apolipoprotein (apo) E with mice that are hypertensive due to lack of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The doubly deficient mice (nnee) have higher blood pressure (BP) and increased atherosclerotic lesion size but no change in plasma lipoprotein profiles compared with normotensive but atherosclerotic (NNee) mice. The nnee mice also develop kidney damage, evidenced by increased plasma creatinine, decreased kidney weight/body weight ratio, and glomerular lipid deposition and calcification. Enalapril treatment abolishes the deleterious effects of eNOS deficiency on BP, atherosclerosis, and kidney dysfunction in nnee mice. In striking contrast, a genetic lack of inducible NOS, which does not affect BP, has no effect on the development of atherosclerotic lesions in Apoe(-/-) mice. We also observed a positive relationship between BP and size of atherosclerotic lesions These results suggest that the atherogenic effects of eNOS deficiency can be partially explained by an increase in BP and reemphasize the importance of controlling hypertension in preventing atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Knowles
- Department of Pathology, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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240
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Fukumori Y, Maeda N, Takeda H, Onodera S, Shiomi N. Serum glucose and insulin response in rats administered with sucrose or starch containing adenosine, inosine or cytosine. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2000; 64:237-43. [PMID: 10737175 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.64.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Blood glucose and insulin responses and gastric emptying were examined in rats intubated with sucrose or soluble starch that contained adenosine, inosine and cytosine. The increase in serum glucose and insulin levels in the rats following loading with sucrose (2.5 g/kg of body weight) or soluble starch (1.875 g/kg of body weight) was significantly reduced by the administration of adenosine, inosine and cytosine (0.0625-0.125 g/kg of body weight). The gastric emptying rates were only marginally affected by the nucleoside administration. The activities of sucrase, maltase, isomaltase and glucoamylase in a crude preparation from the small intestinal mucosa of rats were mildly inhibited by the nucleosides. The decrease in blood glucose and insulin levels may have been in response to a decrease in glucose absorption caused by the inhibiting effect of the nucleosides on the mucosal enzymes that digest sucrose, maltose, and malto- and isomalto-oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fukumori
- Department of General Foods, The Hokuren Federation of Agriculture Corporation, Sapporo, Japan.
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241
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Abstract
The ability of the apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse to develop spontaneous atherosclerosis, which resembles the human process, is an excellent model in which to assess the impact of dietary factors. This review discusses the role of several nutrients in the development of atherosclerosis and the mechanisms through which they act.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.
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242
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Yoshimi A, Kato K, Maeda N, Matsuyama T, Kojima S. [Treatment of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation with recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (rh-tPA)]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2000; 41:103-8. [PMID: 10723238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Ten children were treated with recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (rh-tPA) for severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) that developed after bone marrow transplantation. Treatment with rh-tPA was begun a median of 22 days (range; 13-127 days) after transplantation. Seven of 9 (78%) evaluable patients had complete resolution of their VOD. Four patients had hemorrhagic complications, and 2 of them died because of pulmonary hemorrhage and subdural hemorrhage, respectively. Although rh-tPA seems to be an effective therapy for established VOD, further studies will be necessary to determine its safety as well as the optimal dosing regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yoshimi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital
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243
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Abstract
The surface tension of n-octadecane was studied in the vicinity of the bulk melting point using both the maximum bubble pressure and Wilhelmy plate methods. The bubble surfaces were found to be supercooled below the surface freezing point. The onset of surface freezing is indicated by a sharp drop in surface tension at a constant temperature. This transition is accompanied by an increased film stability resulting in longer bubble lifetimes at the liquid surface. Variations in bubble lifetime reflect changes in the interfacial mechanical properties of the film from liquidlike to solidlike.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maeda
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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244
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Abstract
By inactivating the gene for L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase, a key enzyme in ascorbic acid synthesis, we have generated mice that, like humans, depend on dietary vitamin C. Regular chow, containing about 110 mg/kg of vitamin C, is unable to support the growth of the mutant mice, which require L-ascorbic acid supplemented in their drinking water (330 mg/liter). Upon withdrawal of supplementation, plasma and tissue ascorbic acid levels decreased to 10-15% of normal within 2 weeks, and after 5 weeks the mutants became anemic, began to lose weight, and die. Plasma total antioxidative capacities were approximately 37% normal in homozygotes after feeding the unsupplemented diet for 3-5 weeks. As plasma ascorbic acid decreased, small, but significant, increases in total cholesterol and decreases in high density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed. The most striking effects of the marginal dietary vitamin C were alterations in the wall of aorta, evidenced by the disruption of elastic laminae, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and focal endothelial desquamation of the luminal surface. Thus, marginal vitamin C deficiency affects the vascular integrity of mice unable to synthesize ascorbic acid, with potentially profound effects on the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Breeding the vitamin C-dependent mice with mice carrying defined genetic mutations will provide numerous opportunities for systematic studies of the role of antioxidants in health and disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/enzymology
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/ultrastructure
- Ascorbic Acid/administration & dosage
- Ascorbic Acid/biosynthesis
- Ascorbic Acid/blood
- Ascorbic Acid Deficiency/enzymology
- Ascorbic Acid Deficiency/genetics
- Cell Division
- Cholesterol/blood
- Cholesterol, HDL/blood
- Diet
- Elastic Tissue/pathology
- Elastic Tissue/ultrastructure
- Female
- Genotype
- Homozygote
- L-Gulonolactone Oxidase
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Microscopy, Electron
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Rats
- Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases/genetics
- Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA.
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245
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Nakatsuka H, Ohta S, Tanaka J, Toku K, Kumon Y, Maeda N, Sakanaka M, Sakaki S. Cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytosol was suppressed in the ischemia-tolerance-induced hippocampal CA1 region after 5-min forebrain ischemia in gerbils. Neurosci Lett 2000; 278:53-6. [PMID: 10643799 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c was detected by immunoblotting in the cytosolic fraction 3 h after 5-min ischemia in the non-ischemia-tolerant CA1 region in which about 96% of neurons had developed delayed neuronal death, while less cytosolic cytochrome c was detected in the ischemia-tolerance-induced CA1 region where many more neurons survived. In the immunohistochemical study using anti-non-native cytochrome c monoclonal antibody, immunoreactivity was observed throughout the cytoplasm in the non-ischemia-tolerant CA1 neurons, but not in the normal and ischemia-tolerant CA1 neurons. Then we determined whether Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-xL and Bcl-xS, which regulate the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, were altered in the ischemia-tolerant CA1 region. Bcl-2 and Bax were up-regulated in the ischemia-tolerant group, but Bcl-xL and Bcl-xS showed no apparent difference in their expression. These results suggest that cytochrome c release is prevented in CA1 neurons in gerbils in which ischemia-tolerance had been induced and that the altered ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax may play a part in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakatsuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Japan.
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246
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Hasegawa H, Nomura T, Kohno M, Tateishi N, Suzuki Y, Maeda N, Fujisawa R, Yoshie O, Fujita S. Increased chemokine receptor CCR7/EBI1 expression enhances the infiltration of lymphoid organs by adult T-cell leukemia cells. Blood 2000; 95:30-8. [PMID: 10607681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is characterized by infiltration of various tissues by circulating ATL cells, a finding often associated with a poor prognosis. Leukocyte migration from the circulation into tissues depends on integrin-mediated adhesion to the endothelium, and integrins are tightly regulated by several factors, such as chemokines. In this study, we focused on the interaction between chemokines and chemokine receptors on ATL cells to understand factors involved in ATL cell infiltration of lymphoid organs. We compared freshly isolated ATL cells from patients with and without lymphoid organ involvement for the expression of the chemokine receptor CCR7/EBI1, the functional receptor for secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC), which is expressed at high levels by high endothelial venules of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analysis, using anti-CCR7 monoclonal antibody (CCR7.6B3), revealed that ATL cells from patients with lymphoid organ involvement expressed significantly more CCR7/EBI1 than control CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells and ATL cells from patients without lymphoid organ involvement. Consequently, significantly more ATL cells from patients with lymphoid organ involvement than control CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T cells and ATL cells from patients without lymphoid organ involvement adhered to surfaces coated with ICAM-1 and SLC or EBI1-ligand chemokine (ELC), another ligand for CCR7/EBI1, under static and flow conditions and migrated toward SLC or ELC at a low concentration (30 ng/ml). These findings suggest that increased CCR7/EBI1 expression plays a role in lymphoid organ infiltration of ATL cells. (Blood. 2000; 30-38)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hasegawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shigenobu, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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247
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A new type of corneal opacity with prominent corneal nerve fibers as an ocular complication of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT). CASE A 58-year-old woman, diagnosed with SEDT at 5 years of age, underwent a complete ophthalmological examination. OBSERVATIONS The patient had no complaints and no history of eye disease. No relatives were reported to have suffered from SEDT. Slit-lamp examination disclosed a diffuse opacity in the central cornea in both eyes, which was localized in the middle to deep stroma. Dot opacities in the central and paracentral cornea were located in the middle of the stroma in both eyes. Optically clear regions were observed in the peripheral cornea of both eyes. More interestingly, corneal nerve fibers were visible passing from the limbus to the central cornea in both eyes. RESULTS The etiology of the corneal opacities of this patient with SEDT is unknown. However, collagen and proteoglycan abnormalities in the skin of patients with SEDT have been reported. Therefore, such abnormalities may also be present in the cornea and these alterations may lead to corneal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hirata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
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248
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Akimune C, Watanabe H, Maeda N, Okada M, Yamamoto S, Kiritoshi A, Inoue Y, Shimomura Y, Tano Y. Corneal guttata associated with the corneal dystrophy resulting from a betaig-h3 R124H mutation. Br J Ophthalmol 2000; 84:67-71. [PMID: 10611102 PMCID: PMC1723238 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.84.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the frequency of corneal guttata in patients with a corneal dystrophy resulting from an Arg124His (R124H) mutation of betaig-h3 gene. METHODS Slit lamp examination was performed on 30 eyes with corneal dystrophy from a genetically confirmed betaig-h3 R124H mutation and on 50 age matched control eyes. The stage of the corneal dystrophy was classified as stage 0, I, or II and the degree of guttata was classified as none, mild, or severe. Specular microscopic examinations were performed to evaluate the morphology of the corneal endothelium. RESULTS Slit lamp examination disclosed the presence of corneal guttata in 21 eyes (70%) of the 30 eyes with the corneal dystrophy, but in only one (2%) of the 50 eyes in the age matched control group (p<0.001, chi(2) with Yates's correction). Of the 12 eyes with stage I betaig-h3 R124H corneal dystrophy, seven had no corneal guttata and five had a mild degree of guttata. Of the 18 eyes with stage II, the degree of guttata was none in two, mild in nine, and severe in seven. The degree of corneal guttata was significantly related to the stage of the corneal dystrophy (p<0.0001, Kruskul-Wallis test ANOVA on ranks). There was no significant differences between eyes with betaig-h3 R124H corneal dystrophy and normal eyes in cell density, coefficient of variation, and cell hexagonality of corneal endothelium. CONCLUSION Corneal guttata are one of the characteristics of the corneal dystrophy resulting from betaig-h3 R124H mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Akimune
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan
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249
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Nakatsuka H, Ohta S, Tanaka J, Toku K, Kumon Y, Maeda N, Sakanaka M, Sakaki S. Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol in gerbil hippocampal CA1 neurons after transient forebrain ischemia. Brain Res 1999; 849:216-9. [PMID: 10592304 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01971-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We examined cytosolic cytochrome c in gerbil hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions after induction of 5-min ischemia by immunoblotting. In the CA1 region, cytochrome c was detected in the cytosolic fraction from 1 to 6 h after ischemia by Western blotting, while it was not detected in the CA3 region. Following intraventricular administration of cyclosporin A (CsA), detectable cytosolic cytochrome c was dramatically decreased, and about 80% of CA1 neurons survived after ischemia. The present studies demonstrate that cytochrome c is translocated from mitochondria to the cytosol in the early stage of delayed neuronal cell death, and suggest the involvement of the mitochondrial permeability transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakatsuka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shigenobu-cho, Onsen-gun, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
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250
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Srivastava RA, Toth L, Srivastava N, Hinsdale ME, Maeda N, Cefalu AB, Averna M, Schonfeld G. Regulation of the apolipoprotein B in heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemic knock-out mice expressing truncated apoB, B81. Low production and enhanced clearance of apoB cause low levels of apoB. Mol Cell Biochem 1999; 202:37-46. [PMID: 10705993 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007030531478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Low levels of cholesterol are protective against development of coronary artery disease. Heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemic individuals expressing truncated apolipoprotein (apo)B as a result of mutation in the apob gene have low levels of cholesterol and apoB in their plasma. To study the molecular mechanism of low levels of apoB in these individuals, we employed a previously reported knock out mouse model generated by targeted modification of the apob gene. The heterozygous, apoB-100/B-81, mice express full length and truncated apoB, B-81, and have 20 and 35% lower levels of total cholesterol and apoB, respectively, when compared to WT (apoB-100/B-100) mice. The majority of the truncated apoB, B-81, fractionated in the VLDL- density range. The mechanism of low levels of apoB in B-100/B-81 mice was examined. Total hepatic apoB mRNA levels decreased by 15%, primarily due to lower levels of apoB-81 mRNA. Since apoB mRNA transcription rates were similar in B-100/B-100 and B-100/B-81 mice, low levels of mutant apoB-81 mRNA occurred by enhanced degradation of apoB mRNA transcript containing premature translational stop codon. ApoB synthesis measured on isolated hepatocytes decreased in B-100/B-81 mice by 35%, while apoB-48, apoE, and apoAI syntheses remained unchanged. Metabolic studies using whole animal showed a 32% decrease in triglyceride secretion rates, consistent with the apoB secretion rates. Inhibition of receptor-mediated clearance of apoB-81-containing particles resulted in greater relative accumulation of apoB-81 in plasma than apoB-100, suggesting enhanced clearance of apoB-81-containing particles. These results demonstrate that low levels of apoB in heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemic mice occurs by low rates of apoB secretion, and increased clearance of truncated apoB. Similar mechanisms appear to contribute to low levels of apoB in hypobetalipoproteinemic humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Srivastava
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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