201
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Kinugawa S, Tsutsui H, Hayashidani S, Ide T, Suematsu N, Satoh S, Utsumi H, Takeshita A. Treatment with dimethylthiourea prevents left ventricular remodeling and failure after experimental myocardial infarction in mice: role of oxidative stress. Circ Res 2000; 87:392-8. [PMID: 10969037 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.87.5.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress might play an important role in the progression of left ventricular (LV) remodeling and failure that occur after myocardial infarction (MI). We determined whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased in the LV remodeling and failure in experimental MI with the use of electron spin resonance spectroscopy and whether the long-term administration of dimethylthiourea (DMTU), hydroxyl radical (.OH) scavenger, could attenuate these changes. We studied 3 groups of mice: sham-operated (sham), MI, and MI animals that received DMTU (MI+DMTU). Drugs were administered to the animals daily via intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks.OH was increased in the noninfarcted myocardium from MI animals, which was abolished in MI+DMTU. Fractional shortening was depressed by 65%, LV chamber diameter was increased by 53%, and the thickness of noninfarcted myocardium was increased by 37% in MI. MI+DMTU animals had significantly better LV contractile function and smaller increases in LV chamber size and hypertrophy than MI animals. Changes in myocyte cross-sectional area determined with LV mid-free wall specimens were concordant with the wall thickness data. Collagen volume fraction of the noninfarcted myocardium showed significant increases in the MI, which were also attenuated with DMTU. Myocardial matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, measured with gelatin zymography, was increased with MI after 7 and 28 days, which was attenuated in MI+DMTU. Thus, the attenuation of increased myocardial ROS and metalloproteinase activity with DMTU may contribute, at least in part, to its beneficial effects on LV remodeling and failure. Therapies designed to interfere with oxidative stress might be beneficial to prevent myocardial failure.
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202
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Song J, Tsutsui H, Jin C, Ugai H, Yokoyama K. The Multiple Roles of The Transcription Factors MAZ and Pur-1, Two Proteins encoded by Housekeeping Genes. Curr Genomics 2000. [DOI: 10.2174/1389202003351607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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203
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Yoshimoto T, Mizutani H, Tsutsui H, Noben-Trauth N, Yamanaka K, Tanaka M, Izumi S, Okamura H, Paul WE, Nakanishi K. IL-18 induction of IgE: dependence on CD4+ T cells, IL-4 and STAT6. Nat Immunol 2000; 1:132-7. [PMID: 11248805 DOI: 10.1038/77811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Overproduction of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and T helper cell type 2 (TH2) cytokines, including interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13, can result in allergic disorders. Although it is known that IL-4 is critical to the polarization of naïve CD4+ T cells to a TH2 phenotype, both in vitro and in many in vivo systems, other factors that regulate in vivo IL-4 production and TH2 commitment are poorly understood. IL-18, an IL-1-like cytokine that requires cleavage with caspase-1 to become active, was found to increase IgE production in a CD4+ T cells-, IL-4- and STAT6-dependent fashion. IL-18 and T cell receptor-mediated stimulation could induce naïve CD4+ T cells to develop into IL-4-producing cells in vitro. Thus, caspase-1 and IL-18 may be critical in regulation of IgE production in vivo, providing a potential therapeutic target for allergic disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD40 Ligand/genetics
- Caspase 1/genetics
- Caspase 1/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-18/genetics
- Interleukin-18/immunology
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/immunology
- Leprosy, Lepromatous/blood
- Leprosy, Lepromatous/immunology
- Leprosy, Tuberculoid/blood
- Leprosy, Tuberculoid/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Interleukin-4/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-4/immunology
- STAT6 Transcription Factor
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/physiology
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/immunology
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204
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Yamanaka K, Tanaka M, Tsutsui H, Kupper TS, Asahi K, Okamura H, Nakanishi K, Suzuki M, Kayagaki N, Black RA, Miller DK, Nakashima K, Shimizu M, Mizutani H. Skin-specific caspase-1-transgenic mice show cutaneous apoptosis and pre-endotoxin shock condition with a high serum level of IL-18. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:997-1003. [PMID: 10878376 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.2.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To study the pathophysiological roles of overexpressed caspase-1 (CASP1), originally designated as IL-1 beta-converting enzyme, we generated transgenic mice in which human CASP1 is overexpressed in their keratinocytes. The transgenic mice spontaneously developed recalcitrant dermatitis and skin ulcers, characterized by the presence of massive keratinocyte apoptosis. The skin of the mice contained the active form of human CASP1 and expressed mRNA for caspase-activated DNase, an effector endonuclease responsible for DNA fragmentation. Their skin and sera showed elevated levels of mature IL-18 and IL-1 beta, but not of IFN-gamma. The plasma from these animals induced IFN-gamma production by IL-18-responsive NK cells. Administration of heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes, a potent in vivo type 1 cell inducer, caused IFN-gamma-mediated lethal liver injury in the transgenic mice, which was completely inhibited by treatment with neutralizing anti-IL-18 Ab. These results indicated that in vivo overexpression of CASP1 caused spontaneous apoptotic tissue injury and rendered mice highly susceptible to exogenous type 1 cell-inducing condition in collaboration with endogenously accumulated proinflammatory cytokines.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Caspase 1/biosynthesis
- Caspase 1/genetics
- Caspase 1/metabolism
- Crosses, Genetic
- Enzyme Activation
- Female
- Hepatitis, Animal/enzymology
- Hepatitis, Animal/microbiology
- Hepatitis, Animal/pathology
- Humans
- Interleukin-18/blood
- Keratinocytes/enzymology
- Keratinocytes/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Organ Specificity
- Propionibacterium acnes
- Shock, Septic/enzymology
- Shock, Septic/genetics
- Shock, Septic/immunology
- Shock, Septic/pathology
- Skin/enzymology
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/pathology
- Skin Ulcer/enzymology
- Skin Ulcer/genetics
- Skin Ulcer/pathology
- Substrate Specificity/genetics
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205
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Tsutsui H, Matsui K, Okamura H, Nakanishi K. Pathophysiological roles of interleukin-18 in inflammatory liver diseases. Immunol Rev 2000; 174:192-209. [PMID: 10807517 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.017418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune response to microbes sometimes determines the nature of the following specific immune response. Kupffer cells, a potent constituent of innate immunity, play a key role in developing the type 1 immune response by interleukin (IL)-12 production. Furthermore, Kupffer cells have the potential to induce liver injury by production of IL-18. Propionibacterium acnes-primed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged liver injury is the prototype of IL-18-induced tissue injury, in which IL-18 acts on natural killer cells to increase Fas ligand (FasL) that causes liver injury by induction of Fas-dependent hepatocyte apoptosis. LPS induces IL-18 secretion from Kupffer cells in a caspase-1-dependent manner. Indeed, caspase-1-deficient mice are resistant to P. acnes and LPS-induced liver injury. However, administration of soluble FasL induces acute liver injury in P. acnes-primed caspase-1-deficient mice but does not do so in IL-18-deficient mice, indicating that IL-18 release in a caspase-1-independent fashion is essential for this liver injury. Therefore, a positive feedback loop between FasL and IL-18 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced liver injury.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- COS Cells
- Caspase 1/physiology
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drosophila Proteins
- Endopeptidases/physiology
- Endotoxemia/immunology
- Endotoxemia/physiopathology
- Enzyme Activation
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Glycoproteins/physiology
- Hepatitis/immunology
- Hepatitis/physiopathology
- Hepatitis, Animal/chemically induced
- Hepatitis, Animal/physiopathology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/immunology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/physiopathology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/immunology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Human/physiopathology
- Humans
- Insect Proteins/physiology
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Interferon-gamma/physiology
- Interleukin-18/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-18/deficiency
- Interleukin-18/physiology
- Interleukin-18 Receptor alpha Subunit
- Kupffer Cells/physiology
- Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Propionibacterium acnes/immunology
- Rats
- Receptors, Cell Surface
- Receptors, Interleukin/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-18
- Signal Transduction
- Toll-Like Receptors
- Transfection
- fas Receptor/physiology
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206
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Ide T, Tsutsui H, Kinugawa S, Suematsu N, Hayashidani S, Ichikawa K, Utsumi H, Machida Y, Egashira K, Takeshita A. Direct evidence for increased hydroxyl radicals originating from superoxide in the failing myocardium. Circ Res 2000; 86:152-7. [PMID: 10666410 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.86.2.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies have suggested an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the failing myocardium. The present study aimed to obtain direct evidence for increased ROS and to determine the contribution of superoxide anion (*O(2)(-)), H(2)O(2), and hydroxy radical (*OH) in failing myocardial tissue. Heart failure was produced in adult mongrel dogs by rapid ventricular pacing at 240 bpm for 4 weeks. To assess the production of ROS directly, freeze-clamped myocardial tissue homogenates were reacted with the nitroxide radical, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6, 6,-tetramethyl-piperidine-N-oxyl, and its spin signals were detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The rate of electron spin resonance signal decay, proportional to *OH level, was significantly increased in heart failure, which was inhibited by the addition of dimethylthiourea (*OH scavenger) into the reaction mixture. Increased *OH in the failing heart was abolished to the same extent in the presence of desferrioxamine (iron chelator), catalase (H(2)O(2) scavenger), and 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulfonic acid (Tiron; LaMotte) (*O(2)(-) scavenger), indicating that *OH originated from H(2)O(2) and *O(2)(-). Further, *O(2)(-) produced in normal myocardium in the presence of antimycin A (mitochondrial complex III inhibitor) could reproduce the increase of H(2)O(2) and *OH seen in the failing tissue. There was a significant positive relation between myocardial ROS level and left ventricular contractile dysfunction. In conclusion, in the failing myocardium, *OH was produced as a reactive product of *O(2)(-) and H(2)O(2), which might play an important role in left ventricular failure.
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207
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Tsutsui H, Oka Y. Light-sensitive voltage responses in the neurons of the cerebral ganglion of Ciona savignyi (Chordata: Ascidiacea). THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2000; 198:26-28. [PMID: 10707810 DOI: 10.2307/1542800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Light-responsive behaviors such as siphon contraction (1), phototropism (2), and gamete release (3, 4) have been described in several ascidian species. The pigmented spots around the siphon openers (5), the epithelial cells of the sperm duct (6, 7), and the cerebral ganglion (8) have been suggested to be the photoreceptor candidates underlying these behaviors. However, these arguments have not yet been settled because no direct electrophysiological recordings of light-induced receptor potentials have been reported. In this study, we focused on the cerebral ganglion and performed intracellular recordings from the neurons in the ventral side of the cerebral ganglion in an isolated in vitro preparation of the neural complex in Ciona savignyi. We found that 24% (n = 115) of the recorded neurons showed various types of voltage responses to light stimuli. Almost all (27/28) of the recorded voltage responses were "on" responses that included hyperpolarizing and depolarizing responses and could be categorized into five types, except for a complex response recorded in one cell; the remaining one (1/28) was a depolarizing "off" response. This is the first report of electrophysiological recordings of light-sensitive voltage responses from ascidian cerebral ganglion neurons.
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208
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Hayashi N, Matsui K, Tsutsui H, Osada Y, Mohamed RT, Nakano H, Kashiwamura S, Hyodo Y, Takeda K, Akira S, Hada T, Higashino K, Kojima S, Nakanishi K. Kupffer cells from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice participate in the prompt type 2 differentiation of hepatic T cells in response to worm antigens. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 163:6702-11. [PMID: 10586067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Schistosoma mansoni, a portal vein-residing helminth, is well known to generate life cycle-dependent, systemic immune responses in the host, type 1 deviation during the prepatent period, and type 2 polarization after oviposition. Here we investigated local immunological changes in the liver after infection. Unlike splenocytes, hepatic lymphocytes from infected mice during the prepatent period already produced a higher amount of IL-4 and a lesser amount of IFN-gamma than those from uninfected mice. Hepatic lymphocytes, particularly conventional T cells, but not NK1.1+ T cells, promptly produced IL-4 in response to worm products, soluble worm Ag preparation (SWAP), whenever presented by Kupffer cells from infected mice. The hepatic lymphocytes that had been stimulated with SWAP presented by infected mice-derived Kupffer cells produced a huge amount of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5 as well as little IFN-gamma in response to immobilized anti-CD3 mAb. Kupffer cells from uninfected mice produced IL-6 and IL-10, but not IL-12 or IL-18, in response to SWAP stimulation and gained the potential to additionally produce IL-4 and IL-13 after the infection. These results suggested that prompt type 2 deviation in the liver after the infection might be due to the alteration of Kupffer cells that induces SWAP-mediated type 2-development of hepatic T cells.
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209
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Hayashi N, Matsui K, Tsutsui H, Osada Y, Mohamed RT, Nakano H, Kashiwamura SI, Hyodo Y, Takeda K, Akira S, Hada T, Higashino K, Kojima S, Nakanishi3 K. Kupffer Cells from Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Mice Participate in the Prompt Type 2 Differentiation of Hepatic T Cells in Response to Worm Antigens. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.12.6702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Infection with Schistosoma mansoni, a portal vein-residing helminth, is well known to generate life cycle-dependent, systemic immune responses in the host, type 1 deviation during the prepatent period, and type 2 polarization after oviposition. Here we investigated local immunological changes in the liver after infection. Unlike splenocytes, hepatic lymphocytes from infected mice during the prepatent period already produced a higher amount of IL-4 and a lesser amount of IFN-γ than those from uninfected mice. Hepatic lymphocytes, particularly conventional T cells, but not NK1.1+ T cells, promptly produced IL-4 in response to worm products, soluble worm Ag preparation (SWAP), whenever presented by Kupffer cells from infected mice. The hepatic lymphocytes that had been stimulated with SWAP presented by infected mice-derived Kupffer cells produced a huge amount of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5 as well as little IFN-γ in response to immobilized anti-CD3 mAb. Kupffer cells from uninfected mice produced IL-6 and IL-10, but not IL-12 or IL-18, in response to SWAP stimulation and gained the potential to additionally produce IL-4 and IL-13 after the infection. These results suggested that prompt type 2 deviation in the liver after the infection might be due to the alteration of Kupffer cells that induces SWAP-mediated type 2-development of hepatic T cells.
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210
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Kaisho T, Tsutsui H, Tanaka T, Tsujimura T, Takeda K, Kawai T, Yoshida N, Nakanishi K, Akira S. Impairment of natural killer cytotoxic activity and interferon gamma production in CCAAT/enhancer binding protein gamma-deficient mice. J Exp Med 1999; 190:1573-82. [PMID: 10587348 PMCID: PMC2195736 DOI: 10.1084/jem.190.11.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated in vivo roles of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein gamma (C/EBPgamma) by gene targeting. C/EBPgamma-deficient (C/EBPgamma(2/-)) mice showed a high mortality rate within 48 h after birth. To analyze the roles of C/EBPgamma in lymphoid lineage cells, bone marrow chimeras were established. C/EBPgamma(2/-) chimeras showed normal T and B cell development. However, cytolytic functions of their splenic natural killer (NK) cells after stimulation with cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12, IL-18, and IL-2 were significantly reduced as compared with those of control chimera NK cells. In addition, the ability of C/EBPgamma(-/-) chimera splenocytes to produce interferon (IFN)-gamma in response to IL-12 and/or IL-18 was markedly impaired. NK cells could be generated in vitro with normal surface marker expression in the presence of IL-15 from C/EBPgamma(2/-) newborn spleen cells. However, they also showed lower cytotoxic activity and IFN-gamma production when stimulated with IL-12 plus IL-18 than control NK cells, as observed in C/EBPgamma(2/-) chimera splenocytes. In conclusion, our study reveals that C/EBPgamma is a critical transcription factor involved in the functional maturation of NK cells.
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211
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Yoshimoto T, Tsutsui H, Tominaga K, Hoshino K, Okamura H, Akira S, Paul WE, Nakanishi K. IL-18, although antiallergic when administered with IL-12, stimulates IL-4 and histamine release by basophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:13962-6. [PMID: 10570181 PMCID: PMC24173 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.24.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in natural killer cell activation and T helper 1 (Th1) cell responses. Mast cells and basophils are major inducers and effectors of allergic inflammation. Here we show that basophils and mast cells derived by culture of bone marrow cells with IL-3 for 10 days express IL-18Ralpha chain and that basophils produce large amounts of IL-4 and IL-13 in response to stimulation with IL-3 and IL-18. Injection of IL-12 and IL-18 inhibits IgE production in helminth-infected wild-type mice and abolishes the capacity of their basophils to produce IL-4 and IL-13 in response to stimulation either with IL-3 and IL-18 or with FcepsilonR cross-linkage. By contrast, this combination of cytokines actually increases IgE levels in helminth-infected IFN-gamma(-/-) mice and enhances IL-4 and IL-13 production by their basophils. Furthermore, injection of IL-18 alone enhances basophil production of IL-4 and histamine both in wild-type and IFN-gamma(-/-) mice. Thus, IL-18 has the potential to stimulate basophils but, when given with IL-12, exhibits an antiallergic action in vivo.
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212
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Kinugawa S, Tsutsui H, Satoh S, Takahashi M, Ide T, IgarashiSaito K, Arimura K, Egashira K, Takeshita A. Role of Ca2+ availability to myofilaments and their sensitivity to Ca2+ in myocyte contractile dysfunction in heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 1999; 44:398-406. [PMID: 10690316 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6363(99)00205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Contractile function is depressed at the isolated myocyte level in heart failure (HF), which could result from the decreased availability of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) to the myofibrils and/or the depressed sensitivity of myofilaments to [Ca2+]i. However, the cellular basis of contractile dysfunction remains unestablished. METHODS We isolated left ventricular myocytes from dogs with rapid pacing-induced HF. Cell shortening and [Ca2+]i transients were measured by indo-1 fluorescence and the myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity was analyzed by the shortening-[Ca2+]i relation in intact myocytes as well as by the pCa tension relation in skinned cells. RESULTS Peak cell shortening magnitude was depressed in HF, associated with a parallel decrease of [Ca2+]i transient amplitude. There was a significant positive correlation between these two variables (r = 0.71, P < 0.01). In contrast, myofibrillar sensitivity to Ca2+, determined by both intact and skinned myocytes, was comparable between control and HF. Further, there was no significant difference in Ca2+ sensitivity between control and HF even at shorter (1.8 microns) or longer (2.2 microns) sarcomere length. CONCLUSIONS Using both intact and skinned cellular preparations, a potential defect in myocyte contractile function in HF was a reduction in Ca2+ availability to the myofilaments, rather than the inherent defects in myofilament sensitivity to Ca2+.
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213
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Tsutsui H, Kayagaki N, Kuida K, Nakano H, Hayashi N, Takeda K, Matsui K, Kashiwamura S, Hada T, Akira S, Yagita H, Okamura H, Nakanishi K. Caspase-1-independent, Fas/Fas ligand-mediated IL-18 secretion from macrophages causes acute liver injury in mice. Immunity 1999; 11:359-67. [PMID: 10514014 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IL-18, produced as a biologically inactive precursor, is processed by caspase-1 in LPS-activated macrophages. Here, we investigated caspase-1-independent processing of IL-18 in Fas ligand (FasL)-stimulated macrophages and its involvement in liver injury. Administration of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) upregulated functional Fas expression on macrophages in an IFNgamma-dependent manner, and these macrophages became competent to secrete mature IL-18 upon stimulation with FasL. This was also the case for caspase-1-deficient mice. Administration of recombinant soluble FasL (rFasL) after P. acnes priming induced comparable elevation of serum IL-18 in parallel with elevated serum liver enzyme levels. However, liver injury was not induced in IL-18-deficient mice after rFasL administration. These results indicate a caspase-1-independent pathway of IL-18 secretion from FasL-stimulated macrophages and its critical involvement in FasL-induced liver injury.
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214
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Ide T, Tsutsui H, Kinugawa S, Utsumi H, Kang D, Hattori N, Uchida K, Arimura KI, Egashira K, Takeshita A. Mitochondrial electron transport complex I is a potential source of oxygen free radicals in the failing myocardium. Circ Res 1999; 85:357-63. [PMID: 10455064 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.85.4.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress in the myocardium may play an important role in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure (HF). However, the cellular sources and mechanisms for the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the failing myocardium remain unknown. The amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances increased in the canine HF hearts subjected to rapid ventricular pacing for 4 weeks, and immunohistochemical staining of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal ROS-induced lipid peroxides was detected in cardiac myocytes but not in interstitial cells of HF animals. The generation of superoxide anion was directly assessed in the submitochondrial fractions by use of electron spin resonance spectroscopy with spin trapping agent, 5, 5'-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide, in the presence of NADH and succinate as a substrate for NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) and succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex II), respectively. Superoxide production was increased 2.8-fold (P<0.01) in HF, which was due to the functional block of electron transport at complex I. The enzymatic activity of complex I decreased in HF (274+/-13 versus 136+/-9 nmol. min(-1). mg(-1) protein, P<0.01), which may thus have caused the functional uncoupling of the respiratory chain and the deleterious ROS production in HF mitochondria. The present study provided direct evidence for the involvement of ROS in the mitochondrial origin of HF myocytes, which might be responsible for both contractile dysfunction and structural damage to the myocardium.
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215
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Tsutsui H, Geltinger C, Murata T, Itakura K, Wada T, Handa H, Yokoyama KK. The DNA-binding and transcriptional activities of MAZ, a myc-associated zinc finger protein, are regulated by casein kinase II. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 262:198-205. [PMID: 10448092 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ) is a transcription factor that contains proline-rich, alanine repeats and six C(2)H(2)-type zinc finger motifs, as well as five putative sites of phosphorylation by casein kinase II (CKII). Site-specific mutagenesis of MAZ revealed that the serine residue at position 480 was the major site of phosphorylation by CKII both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of MAZ by CKII at this serine residue was required for maximum binding of MAZ to the pyrimidine-rich DNA of the nuclease-hypersensitive element (NHE) in the 5'-end promoter region of the c-myc gene. Mutation of serine at position 480 to alanine eliminated the DNA-binding activity of MAZ to this element. Moreover, the mutated MAZ was unable to enhance the expression of luciferase encoded by a c-myc promoter/luciferase reporter gene in HeLa cells in the presence of CKII. These results suggest that phosphorylation of the serine residue at position 480 of MAZ by CKII can control the function of MAZ by altering its DNA-binding activity.
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216
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Ide T, Tsutsui H, Kinugawa S, Utsumi H, Takeshita A. Amiodarone protects cardiac myocytes against oxidative injury by its free radical scavenging action. Circulation 1999; 100:690-2. [PMID: 10449688 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.100.7.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease and heart failure, and antioxidants might be beneficial in the treatment of these patients. This study was performed to determine the scavenging effects of amiodarone on oxygen free radicals and its protective effects against oxygen radical-mediated injury in cardiac myocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS The formation of the radical spin adduct with hydroxy radical (.OH) in the presence of H(2)O(2) (10 mmol/L) and Fe(3+)-nitrilotriacetate (20 micromol/L) was monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with a spin trapping agent, 5,5-dimethyl pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). Amiodarone decreased the intensity of the DMPO-OH signals in a dose-dependent manner (0.1 to 100 micromol/L), whereas other antiarrhythmia drugs such as disopyramide and atenolol had no such effects. Furthermore, amiodarone (10 micromol/L) protected intact adult canine cardiac myocytes against.OH-mediated myocyte injury, as assessed by the degree of morphological change from rod shape to the irreversible hypercontracture state during the exposure of cells to H(2)O(2) and Fe(3+) in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Amiodarone can protect cardiac myocytes against oxidative stress-mediated injury by directly scavenging oxygen free radicals. Antioxidant action of amiodarone might potentially contribute to the beneficial effects of this drug in the treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure.
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Kayagaki N, Yamaguchi N, Nakayama M, Takeda K, Akiba H, Tsutsui H, Okamura H, Nakanishi K, Okumura K, Yagita H. Expression and Function of TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand on Murine Activated NK Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.4.1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a new member of TNF family, induces apoptotic cell death of various tumor cells. We recently showed that TRAIL mediates perforin- and Fas ligand (FasL)-independent cytotoxic activity of human CD4+ T cell clones. In the present study, we investigated the expression and function of TRAIL on murine lymphocytes by using newly generated anti-murine TRAIL mAbs. Although freshly isolated T, B, or NK cells did not express a detectable level of TRAIL on their surface, a remarkable level of TRAIL expression was induced preferentially on CD3− NK1.1+ NK cells after stimulation with IL-2 or IL-15. In contrast, TRAIL expression was not induced by IL-18, whereas it efficiently potentiated lymphokine-activated killer activity of NK cells. In addition to perforin inactivation and neutralization of FasL by anti-FasL mAb, neutralization of TRAIL by anti-TRAIL mAb was needed for the complete inhibition of IL-2- or IL-15-activated NK cell cytotoxicity against mouse fibrosarcoma L929 target cells, which were susceptible to both FasL and TRAIL. These results indicated preferential expression of TRAIL on IL-2- or IL-15-activated NK cells and its potential involvement in lymphokine-activated killer activity.
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Kayagaki N, Yamaguchi N, Nakayama M, Takeda K, Akiba H, Tsutsui H, Okamura H, Nakanishi K, Okumura K, Yagita H. Expression and function of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand on murine activated NK cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 163:1906-13. [PMID: 10438925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a new member of TNF family, induces apoptotic cell death of various tumor cells. We recently showed that TRAIL mediates perforin- and Fas ligand (FasL)-independent cytotoxic activity of human CD4+ T cell clones. In the present study, we investigated the expression and function of TRAIL on murine lymphocytes by using newly generated anti-murine TRAIL mAbs. Although freshly isolated T, B, or NK cells did not express a detectable level of TRAIL on their surface, a remarkable level of TRAIL expression was induced preferentially on CD3- NK1.1+ NK cells after stimulation with IL-2 or IL-15. In contrast, TRAIL expression was not induced by IL-18, whereas it efficiently potentiated lymphokine-activated killer activity of NK cells. In addition to perforin inactivation and neutralization of FasL by anti-FasL mAb, neutralization of TRAIL by anti-TRAIL mAb was needed for the complete inhibition of IL-2- or IL-15-activated NK cell cytotoxicity against mouse fibrosarcoma L929 target cells, which were susceptible to both FasL and TRAIL. These results indicated preferential expression of TRAIL on IL-2- or IL-15-activated NK cells and its potential involvement in lymphokine-activated killer activity.
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Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, Matsui K, Takahashi S, Tsutsui H, Yoshimoto T, Okamura H, Nakanishi K, Kurosawa Y, Yamaguchi S, Sasaki Y, Higashino K. High IL-18 (interferon-gamma inducing factor) concentration in a purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficient patient. Arch Dis Child 1999; 81:179-80. [PMID: 10490534 PMCID: PMC1718032 DOI: 10.1136/adc.81.2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The plasma concentration of IL-18 (interferon-gamma inducing factor) was severely increased in a 3 year old boy with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency. The presence and activity of IL-18 were confirmed by immunoblotting and bioassay, respectively. These results suggest that IL-18 may be abundantly produced and secreted into plasma by PNP deficient macrophages in PNP deficiency.
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Igarashi-Saito K, Tsutsui H, Takahashi M, Kinugawa S, Egashira K, Takeshita A. Endocardial versus epicardial differences of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase gene expression in the canine failing myocardium. Basic Res Cardiol 1999; 94:267-73. [PMID: 10505427 DOI: 10.1007/s003950050152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
It is unknown whether the transmural heterogeneity of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase gene expression is present within the left ventricular (LV) wall. Moreover, the changes of transmural distribution have not been examined in the failing hearts. We thus quantified steady-state mRNA abundance of SR Ca2+ regulatory proteins by Northern blot analysis in both subendocardial and subepicardial LV layers from normal and rapid pacing-induced heart failure (HF) dog hearts. For normal LV, Ca2+-ATPase mRNA abundance (normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH] mRNA) was significantly reduced in the subendocardium, whereas calsequestrin mRNA abundance was comparable between the two layers. For HF LV, Ca2+-ATPase mRNA abundance in the subendocardium was also reduced compared to the subepicardium. However, the endocardium to epicardium ratio was comparable between control and HF (0.62 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.65 +/- 0.07; p = NS). Therefore, the transmural gradient of this gene was constant in both control and HF. Even though the data on the transmural heterogeneity of protein level is not available, the subendocardium contained significantly less Ca2+-ATPase mRNA, which might contribute, at least in part, to the transmural gradients of biochemical and mechanical function.
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Kinugawa S, Tsutsui H, Ide T, Nakamura R, Arimura K, Egashira K, Takeshita A. Positive inotropic effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 on normal and failing cardiac myocytes. Cardiovasc Res 1999; 43:157-64. [PMID: 10536700 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6363(99)00058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The acute administration of growth hormone (GH) or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) improves cardiac performance, possibly contributing to the beneficial effects of GH therapy on heart failure (HF). GH can induce the production of IGF-1 and thus the actions of GH may be mediated through its IGF-1 induction. However, these effects have not yet been demonstrated in failing hearts and the cellular basis of GH or IGF-1-induced inotropic effects remains unknown. We examined the direct effects of GH and IGF-1 on the contractile function and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis in normal and failing myocytes. METHODS To determine whether GH and IGF-1 have a direct effect on myocardial contractility and whether the GH/IGF-1-induced effect was the results of changes in Ca2+ activation, cell shortening and [Ca2+]i transient were simultaneously measured in the left ventricular myocyte preparations, isolated from normal and rapid pacing-induced HF dogs. RESULTS Basal shortening of HF myocytes was reduced by 64% (p < 0.01). In normal and HF myocytes, GH (0.4-40 x 10(-3) IU/ml) had no effect on either cell shortening or [Ca2+]i transients. In normal myocytes, IGF-1 exerted a positive inotropic effect in a time- and dose-dependent manner (25-500 ng/ml), associated with a parallel increase of [Ca2+]i transient amplitude. IGF-1 increased the shortening magnitude in normal (121 +/- 5% increase from baseline, p < 0.05) and HF (118 +/- 4% increase from baseline, p < 0.05) myocytes. It also increased [Ca2+]i transient amplitude in normal and HF cells by 124 +/- 4 and 125 +/- 7%, respectively. The percent increase of cell shortening and [Ca2+]i transient amplitude was comparable between normal and HF myocytes. Furthermore, IGF-1 did not shift the trajectory of the relaxation phase in the phase-plane plots of cell length vs. [Ca2+]i, indicating that it did not change myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS In both normal and HF conditions, IGF-1 exerted an acute direct positive inotropic effect in adult cardiac myocytes by increasing the availability of [Ca2+]i to the myofilaments, possibly explaining the beneficial effect of GH on HF.
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Tsutsui H, Ishibashi Y, Takahashi M, Namba T, Tagawa H, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Takeshita A. Chronic colchicine administration attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1999; 31:1203-13. [PMID: 10371695 DOI: 10.1006/jmcc.1999.0953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether the long-term inhibition of microtubule integrity in vivo by colchicine could attenuate the development of cardiac hypertrophy, we studied five groups of rats: Wistar-Kyoto rats receiving saline for 4 weeks (WKYsaline); WKY receiving colchicine, which depolymerizes microtubules (WKYcolchicine); spontaneously hypertensive rats receiving saline (SHRsaline); SHRs receiving colchicine (SHRcolchicine); and SHRs receiving lumicolchicine, an inactive stereoisomer of colchicine (SHRlumicolchicine). Seven-week-old animals were administered drugs or control substances via alternate day intraperitoneal injection for a period of 4 weeks. Dosage was gradually increased from 0.6 to 1.0 mg/kg to avoid drug toxicity. Depolymerization of myocardial microtubules by the in vivo administration of colchicine into the rats was confirmed by both Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence of tubulin protein in the hearts. Body weight (BW) was lower, while systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated in SHRs vs the WKY rats. No significant difference was found in either of these parameters between the control or treatment groups of each strain. Left ventricular (LV) weight-to-BW ratio was elevated and showed significant increases in the SHRs as compared to WKY animals, indicative of cardiac hypertrophy. When the SHRs were treated with colchicine but not vehicle or lumicolchicine, LV/BW was similar to the WKY. Changes of myocyte cross-sectional area determined using LV mid-free wall specimens were concordant with the LV/BW data. No significant changes were found in collagen volume fraction between groups. Thus the inhibition of microtubule polymerization abolished the progression of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy in SHRs independently of blood pressure.
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Hoshino K, Tsutsui H, Kawai T, Takeda K, Nakanishi K, Takeda Y, Akira S. Cutting edge: generation of IL-18 receptor-deficient mice: evidence for IL-1 receptor-related protein as an essential IL-18 binding receptor. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 162:5041-4. [PMID: 10227969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in NK cell activation and Th1 cell response. Recently IL-1R-related protein (IL-1Rrp) has been cloned as the receptor for IL-18. However, the functional role of IL-1Rrp is still controversial due to its low affinity to IL-18 as well as the possibility of the presence of another high-affinity binding receptor. In the present study, we have generated and characterized IL-1Rrp-deficient mice. The binding of murine rIL-18 was not detected in Th1-developing splenic CD4+ T cells isolated from IL-1Rrp-deficient mice. The activation of NF-kappa B or c-Jun N-terminal kinase were also not observed in the Th1 cells. NK cells from IL-1Rrp-deficient mice had defects in cytolytic activity and IFN-gamma production in response to IL-18. Th1 cell development was also impaired in IL-1Rrp-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that IL-1Rrp is a ligand-binding receptor that is essential for IL-18-mediated signaling events.
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Hoshino K, Tsutsui H, Kawai T, Takeda K, Nakanishi K, Takeda Y, Akira S. Cutting Edge: Generation of IL-18 Receptor-Deficient Mice: Evidence for IL-1 Receptor-Related Protein as an Essential IL-18 Binding Receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.9.5041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in NK cell activation and Th1 cell response. Recently IL-1R-related protein (IL-1Rrp) has been cloned as the receptor for IL-18. However, the functional role of IL-1Rrp is still controversial due to its low affinity to IL-18 as well as the possibility of the presence of another high-affinity binding receptor. In the present study, we have generated and characterized IL-1Rrp-deficient mice. The binding of murine rIL-18 was not detected in Th1-developing splenic CD4+ T cells isolated from IL-1Rrp-deficient mice. The activation of NF-κB or c-Jun N-terminal kinase were also not observed in the Th1 cells. NK cells from IL-1Rrp-deficient mice had defects in cytolytic activity and IFN-γ production in response to IL-18. Th1 cell development was also impaired in IL-1Rrp-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that IL-1Rrp is a ligand-binding receptor that is essential for IL-18-mediated signaling events.
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Satoh S, Kinugawa S, Tsutsui H, Takeshita A. Adrenoceptor-mediated regulation of myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity through the GTP-binding protein-related mechanisms: tension recording in beta-escin-skinned single rat cardiac cells with preserved receptor functions. Pflugers Arch 1999; 437:702-9. [PMID: 10087147 DOI: 10.1007/s004240050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanisms of receptor-mediated regulation of heart muscle contraction, we developed a tension-recording system using beta-escin-skinned single cardiac cells of rats and studied the effects of agonists on myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity and Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In pCa/tension relations, 1 microM isoproterenol plus 100 microM guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) decreased the myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity (pCa50, the [Ca2+] required for half-maximal tension, as an indicator of the sensitivity; from 6.07 to 5.92); this effect was blocked by 1 microM metoprolol or 1 mM guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDPbetaS). Phenylephrine (10 microM) plus 100 microM GTP increased the Ca2+ sensitivity (pCa50; from 6.12 to 6. 28), and this effect was blocked by 1 microM phentolamine or 1 mM GDPbetaS. After Ca2+ loading into the SR, 10 microM phenylephrine plus 100 microM GTP in a low-ethylene- glycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA, 0. 1 mM) relaxing solution induced oscillatory contractions that were attenuated by either 1 microM phentolamine or pre-treatment with 10 microM inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Our results demonstrate that beta1-adrenergic stimulation decreases myofibrillar Ca2+ sensitivity and that alpha1-adrenergic stimulation both increases the Ca2+ sensitivity and activates Ca2+ release from the agonist-sensitive SR through GTP-binding protein-related mechanisms.
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Sakao Y, Takeda K, Tsutsui H, Kaisho T, Nomura F, Okamura H, Nakanishi K, Akira S. IL-18-deficient mice are resistant to endotoxin-induced liver injury but highly susceptible to endotoxin shock. Int Immunol 1999; 11:471-80. [PMID: 10221659 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/11.3.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-18 is an IL-1-related cytokine which shares biological functions with IL-12. These include the activation of NK cells, induction of IFN-gamma production and Th1 cell differentiation. In this study we analyzed the effect of IL-18 deficiency on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury and endotoxin shock in Propionibacterium acnes-primed mice. P. acnes-primed IL-18-deficient (IL-18KO) mice showed resistance to LPS-induced liver injury. Unexpectedly, P. acnes-primed IL-18KO mice were highly susceptible to LPS-induced endotoxin shock. Serum level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were markedly elevated (approximately 10-fold higher) within 1.5 h after LPS challenge in IL-18KO mice as compared with wild-type mice. Anti-TNF-alpha antibody administration to IL-18KO mice was significantly protective against endotoxin-induced lethality. P. acnes-primed IL-18KO macrophages produced approximately 6-fold more TNF-alpha protein than did P. acnes-primed wild-type control macrophages. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that IL-18 is responsible for the progression of endotoxin-induced liver injury as well as down-regulation of endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha production in P. acnes-primed mice.
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Song J, Murakami H, Tsutsui H, Ugai H, Geltinger C, Murata T, Matsumura M, Itakura K, Kanazawa I, Sun K, Yokoyama KK. Structural organization and expression of the mouse gene for Pur-1, a highly conserved homolog of the human MAZ gene. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1999; 259:676-83. [PMID: 10092852 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized the genomic structure and expression of the mouse gene for Pur-1. The cloned Pur-1 gene spans a 5-kb region encompassing the promoter, five exons, four introns and the 3'-untranslated region. All exon-intron junction sequences conform to the GT/AG rule. The promoter region has typical features of a housekeeping gene: a high G + C content (77.5%); a high frequency of CpG dinucleotides, in particular within the region 0.5 kb upstream of the site of initiation of translation; and the absence of canonical TATA and CAAT boxes. S1 nuclease protection assay demonstrated the presence of multiple sites for initiation of transcription around a site 108 nucleotides upstream of the ATG codon. Comparison of Pur-1 with the human gene for MAZ (Myc-associated zinc finger protein) revealed a striking homology of both their nucleotide and deduced protein sequences, an identical genomic organization and high similarity in promoter architecture and mRNA expression pattern. Sequence analysis of the 5'-flanking region of Pur-1 revealed numerous potential binding sites for transcription factors Sp1, AP-2 and Pur-1/MAZ itself. An element required for basal Pur-1 expression was mapped from nucleotide -258 to +43. This region also mediated stimulation of basal transcription by ectopically expressed MAZ protein. We conclude that the Pur-1 gene is the murine homolog of human MAZ and, like it, belongs to the family of housekeeping genes.
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Hyodo Y, Matsui K, Hayashi N, Tsutsui H, Kashiwamura SI, Yamauchi H, Hiroishi K, Takeda K, Tagawa YI, Iwakura Y, Kayagaki N, Kurimoto M, Okamura H, Hada T, Yagita H, Akira S, Nakanishi2 K, Higashino K. IL-18 Up-Regulates Perforin-Mediated NK Activity Without Increasing Perforin Messenger RNA Expression by Binding to Constitutively Expressed IL-18 Receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.3.1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-18 is a powerful inducer of IFN-γ production, particularly in collaboration with IL-12. IL-18, like IL-12, also augments NK activity. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the up-regulation of killing activity of NK cells by IL-18. IL-18, like IL-12, dose dependently enhanced NK activity of splenocytes. This action was further enhanced by costimulation with IL-12. Treatment with anti-IL-2R Ab did not affect IL-18- and/or IL-12-augmented NK activity, and splenocytes from IFN-γ-deficient mice showed enhanced NK activity following stimulation with IL-12 and/or IL-18. Splenocytes from the mice deficient in both IL-12 and IL-18 normally responded to IL-18 and/or IL-12 with facilitated NK activity, suggesting that functional NK cells develop in the absence of IL-12 and IL-18. IL-18R, as well as IL-12R mRNA, was constitutively expressed in splenocytes from SCID mice, which lack T cells and B cells but have intact NK cells, and in those from IL-12 and IL-18 double knockout mice. NK cells isolated from SCID splenocytes expressed IL-18R on their surface. IL-18, in contrast to IL-12, did not enhance mRNA expression of perforin, a key molecule for exocytosis-mediated cytotoxicity. However, pretreatment with concanamycin A completely inhibited this IL-18- and/or IL-12-augmented NK activity. Furthermore, IL-18, like IL-12, failed to enhance NK activity of splenocytes from perforin-deficient mice. These data suggested that NK cells develop and express IL-12R and IL-18R in the absence of IL-12 or IL-18, and that both IL-18 and IL-12 directly and independently augment perforin-mediated cytotoxic activity of NK cells.
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Ueki T, Kaneda Y, Tsutsui H, Nakanishi K, Sawa Y, Morishita R, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T, Takahashi H, Okamoto E, Fujimoto J. Hepatocyte growth factor gene therapy of liver cirrhosis in rats. Nat Med 1999; 5:226-30. [PMID: 9930873 DOI: 10.1038/5593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is the irreversible end result of fibrous scarring and hepatocellular regeneration, characterized by diffuse disorganization of the normal hepatic structure of regenerative nodules and fibrotic tissue. It is associated with prominent morbidity and mortality, and is induced by many factors, including chronic hepatitis virus infections, alcohol drinking and drug abuse. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), originally identified and cloned as a potent mitogen for hepatocytes, shows mitogenic, motogenic and morphogenic activities for a wide variety of cells. Moreover, HGF plays an essential part in the development and regeneration of the liver, and shows anti-apoptotic activity in hepatocytes. In a rat model of lethal liver cirrhosis produced by dimethylnitrosamine administrations, repeated transfections of the human HGF gene into skeletal muscles induced a high plasma level of human as well as enodogenous rat HGF, and tyrosine phosphorylation of the c-Met/HGF receptor. Transduction with the HGF gene also suppressed the increase of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), which plays an essential part in the progression of liver cirrhosis, inhibited fibrogenesis and hepatocyte apoptosis, and produced the complete resolution of fibrosis in the cirrhotic liver, thereby improving the survival rate of rats with this severe illness. Thus, HGF gene therapy may be potentially useful for the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis, which is otherwise fatal and untreatable by conventional therapy.
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230
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Hyodo Y, Matsui K, Hayashi N, Tsutsui H, Kashiwamura S, Yamauchi H, Hiroishi K, Takeda K, Tagawa Y, Iwakura Y, Kayagaki N, Kurimoto M, Okamura H, Hada T, Yagita H, Akira S, Nakanishi K, Higashino K. IL-18 up-regulates perforin-mediated NK activity without increasing perforin messenger RNA expression by binding to constitutively expressed IL-18 receptor. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 162:1662-8. [PMID: 9973427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
IL-18 is a powerful inducer of IFN-gamma production, particularly in collaboration with IL-12. IL-18, like IL-12, also augments NK activity. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the up-regulation of killing activity of NK cells by IL-18. IL-18, like IL-12, dose dependently enhanced NK activity of splenocytes. This action was further enhanced by costimulation with IL-12. Treatment with anti-IL-2R Ab did not affect IL-18- and/or IL-12-augmented NK activity, and splenocytes from IFN-gamma-deficient mice showed enhanced NK activity following stimulation with IL-12 and/or IL-18. Splenocytes from the mice deficient in both IL-12 and IL-18 normally responded to IL-18 and/or IL-12 with facilitated NK activity, suggesting that functional NK cells develop in the absence of IL-12 and IL-18. IL-18R, as well as IL-12R mRNA, was constitutively expressed in splenocytes from SCID mice, which lack T cells and B cells but have intact NK cells, and in those from IL-12 and IL-18 double knockout mice. NK cells isolated from SCID splenocytes expressed IL-18R on their surface. IL-18, in contrast to IL-12, did not enhance mRNA expression of perforin, a key molecule for exocytosis-mediated cytotoxicity. However, pretreatment with concanamycin A completely inhibited this IL-18- and/or IL-12-augmented NK activity. Furthermore, IL-18, like IL-12, failed to enhance NK activity of splenocytes from perforin-deficient mice. These data suggested that NK cells develop and express IL-12R and IL-18R in the absence of IL-12 or IL-18, and that both IL-18 and IL-12 directly and independently augment perforin-mediated cytotoxic activity of NK cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- DNA Primers/genetics
- Female
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interleukin-12/deficiency
- Interleukin-12/genetics
- Interleukin-12/pharmacology
- Interleukin-18/deficiency
- Interleukin-18/metabolism
- Interleukin-18/pharmacology
- Interleukin-18 Receptor alpha Subunit
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-12
- Receptors, Interleukin-18
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Tsuji H, Mukaida N, Harada A, Kaneko S, Matsushita E, Nakanuma Y, Tsutsui H, Okamura H, Nakanishi K, Tagawa Y, Iwakura Y, Kobayashi K, Matsushima K. Alleviation of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in Propionibacterium acnes-primed IFN-gamma-deficient mice by a concomitant reduction of TNF-alpha, IL-12, and IL-18 production. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 162:1049-55. [PMID: 9916732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the role of IFN-gamma in LPS-induced liver injury following priming with Propionibacterium acnes. At 1 week after priming BALB/c mice with P. acnes, a large number of macrophages (Mphi) and lymphocytes predominantly infiltrated the portal area, resulting in the intrahepatic formation of granulomas consisting of epithelioid and lymphoid cells. In comparison, in IFN-gamma gene-disrupted BALB/c mice (IFN-gamma knockout mice), the number of infiltrated Mphi was decreased, with a significant reduction in the number and size of granulomas. Subsequent elicitation with a low dose of LPS induced massive hepatic necrosis in wild-type BALB/c mice, with a marked increase in the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-12, and IL-18 and subsequently of alanine transferase. In contrast, IFN-gamma knockout mice developed scattered focal necrosis of the liver with significantly lower levels of serum alanine transferase as well as drastic decreases in TNF-alpha, IL-12, and IL-18 production. The administration of an anti-IFN-gamma neutralizing mAb at the eliciting phase significantly alleviated liver injury and reduced serum IL-12 and IL-18 levels. Thus, endogenously produced IFN-gamma is involved in the pathogenesis of this liver injury model by regulating Mphi infiltration and granuloma formation in the priming phase as well as cytokine production in the eliciting phase.
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Tsuji H, Mukaida N, Harada A, Kaneko S, Matsushita E, Nakanuma Y, Tsutsui H, Okamura H, Nakanishi K, Tagawa YI, Iwakura Y, Kobayashi KI, Matsushima K. Alleviation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Propionibacterium acnes-Primed IFN-γ-Deficient Mice by a Concomitant Reduction of TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-18 Production. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.2.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the role of IFN-γ in LPS-induced liver injury following priming with Propionibacterium acnes. At 1 week after priming BALB/c mice with P. acnes, a large number of macrophages (Mφ) and lymphocytes predominantly infiltrated the portal area, resulting in the intrahepatic formation of granulomas consisting of epithelioid and lymphoid cells. In comparison, in IFN-γ gene-disrupted BALB/c mice (IFN-γ knockout mice), the number of infiltrated Mφ was decreased, with a significant reduction in the number and size of granulomas. Subsequent elicitation with a low dose of LPS induced massive hepatic necrosis in wild-type BALB/c mice, with a marked increase in the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-18 and subsequently of alanine transferase. In contrast, IFN-γ knockout mice developed scattered focal necrosis of the liver with significantly lower levels of serum alanine transferase as well as drastic decreases in TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-18 production. The administration of an anti-IFN-γ neutralizing mAb at the eliciting phase significantly alleviated liver injury and reduced serum IL-12 and IL-18 levels. Thus, endogenously produced IFN-γ is involved in the pathogenesis of this liver injury model by regulating Mφ infiltration and granuloma formation in the priming phase as well as cytokine production in the eliciting phase.
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Tsutsui H, Yamamoto N, Ito H, Oka Y. GnRH-immunoreactive neuronal system in the presumptive ancestral chordate, Ciona intestinalis (Ascidian). Gen Comp Endocrinol 1998; 112:426-32. [PMID: 9843648 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1998.7160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) of the vertebrate brain, which has originally been identified as a peptidergic hypophysiotropic hormone, is now believed to act also as a neuromodulator. It has recently been shown that a vertebrate-like GnRH-gonadotropin system occurs in the urochordates, which are considered to be the presumptive ancestral chordate. In this paper, we examined the morphology of the GnRH neuronal system of ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, by immunocytochemistry and found many GnRH-immunoreactive neuronal cells and fibers in a specific surface area of the cerebral ganglion, along the inner wall of the dorsal blood sinus, as well as on the anterior surface of the ovary.
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Yamamoto T, Hori M, Watanabe I, Tsutsui H, Harada K, Ikeda S, Maruo J, Morita T, Ohtaka H. Synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationships of N-(3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazine-6-carbonyl)guanidines as Na/H exchange inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1998; 46:1716-23. [PMID: 9845955 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.46.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
N-(3-Oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,4]oxazine-6-carbonyl)guanidines 4 were prepared and tested for Na/H exchange inhibitory activities in order to clarify the structure-activity relationship (SAR). Quantitative SAR (QSAR) analysis of 6-carbonylguanidines 4 indicated that the length of the 4-substituent was parabolically related to activity and that the calculated optimum 4-substituents were propyl, ethyl and isopropyl groups. This SAR was similar to the SAR of the 2- and 4-substituents of 7-carbonylguanidine derivatives 3, although the position relative to the essential guanidinocarbonyl group was different. Larger 2-substituents, such as a phenyl group were unfavorable. The most potent derivative in this series was N-(4-isopropyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro- 2H-benzo[1,4]oxazine-6-carbonyl)guanidine 4 g, with an IC50 value of 0.12 microM. The methanesulfonate salt (KB-R9032) of 4g had excellent water-solubility and showed anti-arrhythmia activity against a rat acute myocardial infarction model. KB-R9032 was selected for further investigation as a therapy for ischemia-reperfusion induced injury.
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235
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Okamura H, Tsutsui H, Kashiwamura S, Yoshimoto T, Nakanishi K. Interleukin-18: a novel cytokine that augments both innate and acquired immunity. Adv Immunol 1998; 70:281-312. [PMID: 9755340 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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236
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Yamamoto S, Tsutsui H, Takahashi M, Ishibashi Y, Tagawa H, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Saeki Y, Takeshita A. Role of microtubules in the viscoelastic properties of isolated cardiac muscle. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1998; 30:1841-53. [PMID: 9769239 DOI: 10.1006/jmcc.1998.0747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial viscoelastic properties are determined by both interstitial collagens and intramocyte structures, including sarcolemma, contractile proteins and the cytoskeleton. It is not known whether myocyte microtubules are significant constituents that contribute to the viscoelastic properties of cardiac muscle. We examined the passive properties of isolated right-ventricular papillary muscles before and after altering the polymerization states of microtubules. The muscles were subjected to sinusoidal changes in length (strain) and the resultant changes in resting tension (stress) were measured. The elastic constant was determined by the slope of the stress-strain relation during the slow increase in muscle length (duration 60 s). The viscous constant was determined by the loop area between the stress-strain relation obtained during the rapid increase and decrease in muscle length (duration 1 s). Colchicine (1 micromol/l, 1 h), which depolymerized microtubules, had little effect on either the elastic constant or viscous constant. In contrast, taxol (10 micromol/l), which hyperpolymerized and stabilized microtubules, exerted a time-dependent increase in the viscous constant (133+/-9% of control; n=9, P<0.05), but did not affect the elastic constant (18. 9+/-2.2 to 17.7+/-2.1; n=7, P=n.s.). The increase of viscosity by taxol closely paralleled the increase in the strain rate. The specificity of each pharmacological intervention for the microtubule polymerization state was confirmed by both a Western blot analysis and the immunofluorescence micrographs of myocyte tubulin. Like other cytoskeleton and extracellular collagens, the increase in the myocyte microtubule density was able to modify the viscous component of the passive properties of the isolated cardiac muscle.
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Song J, Murakami H, Tsutsui H, Tang X, Matsumura M, Itakura K, Kanazawa I, Sun K, Yokoyama KK. Genomic organization and expression of a human gene for Myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ). J Biol Chem 1998; 273:20603-14. [PMID: 9685418 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.32.20603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have cloned and characterized the genomic structure of the human gene for Myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ), which is located on chromosome 16p11.2. This gene is transcribed as an mRNA of 2.7 kilobases (kb) that encodes a 60-kDa MAZ protein. A 40-kb cosmid clone was isolated that includes the promoter, five exons, four introns, and one 3'-untranslated region. All exon-intron junction sequences conform to the GT/AG rule. The promoter region has features typical of a housekeeping gene: a high G + C content (88. 4%); a high frequency of CpG dinucleotides, in particular within the region 0.5 kb upstream of the site of initiation of translation; and the absence of canonical TATA and CAAT boxes. An S1 nuclease protection assay demonstrated the presence of multiple sites for initiation of transcription around a site 174 nucleotides (nt) upstream of the ATG codon and such expression was reflected by the promoter activity of a MAZ promoter/CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) reporter gene. Cis-acting positive and negative elements controlling basal transcription of the human MAZ gene were found from nucleotides (nt) -383 to -248 and nt -2500 to -948. Moreover, positive and negative autoregulatory elements were also identified in the regions from nt -248 to -189 and from nt -383 to -248 after co-transfection of HeLa cells with plasmids that carried the MAZ promoter/CAT construct and the MAZ-expression vector. Our results indicate that the 5'-end flanking sequences are responsible for the promoter activities of the MAZ gene.
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Hayashi N, Matsui K, Tsutsui H, Hyodo Y, Osada Y, Mohamed RT, Kojima S, Nakanishi K, Higashino K. Deleted type-I polarization in the liver of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. Parasitol Int 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5769(98)80676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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239
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Takahashi M, Tsutsui H, Tagawa H, Igarashi-Saito K, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Takeshita A. Microtubules are involved in early hypertrophic responses of myocardium during pressure overload. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 275:H341-8. [PMID: 9683419 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1998.275.2.h341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical overloading to cardiac muscle causes fetal contractile protein gene expression and acceleration of protein synthesis. Myocyte microtubules might be involved in these pressure overload-induced hypertrophic responses. We assessed c-fos and fetal contractile protein genes such as beta-myosin heavy chain (MHC) and alpha-skeletal actin using Northern blot analysis and quantified total cardiac protein, DNA, and RNA content in the left ventricular myocardium obtained from four groups of rats: sham-operated rats; sham-operated rats treated with colchicine, which depolymerized microtubules; rats in which acute pressure overload was imposed by abdominal aortic constriction for 3 days (AoC); and AoC rats treated with colchicine (AoC + colchicine). Systolic arterial pressure was elevated to a similar degree in AoC and AoC + colchicine rats. c-fos and beta-MHC mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in AoC rats, which was attenuated by microtubule inhibition. Both RNA content and RNA-to-DNA ratio, the index of the protein synthesis capacity, were increased in AoC rats, which effect was also abolished by colchicine. Furthermore, induction of nonfunctioning microtubules by taxol or deuterium oxide exerted the same inhibitory effects. Thus the hypertrophic responses of the myocardium during pressure overload might depend on the integrity of myocyte microtubules.
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240
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Adachi O, Kawai T, Takeda K, Matsumoto M, Tsutsui H, Sakagami M, Nakanishi K, Akira S. Targeted disruption of the MyD88 gene results in loss of IL-1- and IL-18-mediated function. Immunity 1998; 9:143-50. [PMID: 9697844 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1635] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MyD88, originally isolated as a myeloid differentiation primary response gene, is shown to act as an adaptor in interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling by interacting with both the IL-1 receptor complex and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK). Mice generated by gene targeting to lack MyD88 have defects in T cell proliferation as well as induction of acute phase proteins and cytokines in response to IL-1. Increases in interferon-gamma production and natural killer cell activity in response to IL-18 are abrogated. In vivo Th1 response is also impaired. Furthermore, IL-18-induced activation of NF-kappaB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is blocked in MyD88-/- Th1-developing cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MyD88 is a critical component in the signaling cascade that is mediated by IL-1 receptor as well as IL-18 receptor.
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Adachi O, Kawai T, Takeda K, Matsumoto M, Tsutsui H, Sakagami M, Nakanishi K, Akira S. Targeted Disruption of the MyD88 Gene Results in Loss of IL-1- and IL-18-Mediated Function. Immunity 1998. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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242
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Adachi O, Kawai T, Takeda K, Matsumoto M, Tsutsui H, Sakagami M, Nakanishi K, Akira S. Targeted Disruption of the MyD88 Gene Results in Loss of IL-1- and IL-18-Mediated Function. Immunity 1998. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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243
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Igarashi-Saito K, Tsutsui H, Yamamoto S, Takahashi M, Kinugawa S, Tagawa H, Usui M, Yamamoto M, Egashira K, Takeshita A. Role of SR Ca2+-ATPase in contractile dysfunction of myocytes in tachycardia-induced heart failure. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 275:H31-40. [PMID: 9688893 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.1998.275.1.h31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase gene expression is reduced in the failing myocardium. However, the functional relevance of these changes to myocardial contractility is not yet established. We assessed myocardial contractile function by analyzing sarcomere motion of isolated myocytes and also quantified SR Ca2+ regulatory protein gene expression by Northern blot analysis in the same hearts obtained from 10 dogs with pacing-induced heart failure (HF; 240 beats/min, 4 wk) and 7 control dogs. Sarcomere-shortening velocity was depressed in HF myocytes, accompanied by the prolongation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) transient measured by indo 1 fluorescence ratio. SR Ca2+-ATPase mRNA levels (normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA) were significantly depressed in HF, and calsequestrin mRNA was increased. For control and HF dogs, sarcomere-shortening velocity correlated positively with Ca2+-ATPase mRNA levels (r = 0.73, n = 17, P < 0.01) but not with calsequestrin mRNA. Ca2+-ATPase mRNA levels were correlated with 45Ca2+ uptake rate by SR, which was also reduced in HF. Moreover, the inhibition of SR Ca2+-ATPase with thapsigargin or cyclopiazonic acid reproduced in normal myocytes the abnormalities observed in HF myocytes, such as depressed contractility and the prolonged [Ca2+]i transient duration. A downregulation of Ca2+-ATPase gene expression and a resultant decrease in Ca2+ uptake by SR may be responsible for the contractile dysfunction and the alterations of [Ca2+]i transient in HF.
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Okamura H, Kashiwamura S, Tsutsui H, Yoshimoto T, Nakanishi K. Regulation of interferon-gamma production by IL-12 and IL-18. Curr Opin Immunol 1998; 10:259-64. [PMID: 9638361 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-7915(98)80163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-18 (interferon-inducing factor) and IL-12 exhibit a marked synergism in interferon-gamma induction in T cells. Investigations into the mechanism of this synergism have revealed that IL-12 upregulates expression of the IL-18 receptor on cells producing interferon-gamma. Although IL-18 does not induce the development of Th1 cells, it is essential for the effective induction and activation of Th1 cells by IL-12. As for natural killer cells, IL-18 seems to activate them independently of IL-12. Although IL-12 and IL-18 activate both innate and acquired immunity, their excessive production by activated macrophages may induce multiple organ disorders including disruption of the immune system.
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Takahashi M, Tsutsui H, Kinugawa S, Igarashi-Saito K, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto M, Tagawa H, Imanaka-Yoshida K, Egashira K, Takeshita A. Role of microtubules in the contractile dysfunction of myocytes from tachycardia-induced dilated cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1998; 30:1047-57. [PMID: 9618245 DOI: 10.1006/jmcc.1998.0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules of cardiac myocytes are increased in pressure-overloaded cardiac hypertrophy, which interfere with the actin-myosin crossbridge motion and depress muscle contractility. However, it is unknown whether microtubules are increased in non-hypertrophied, dilated cardiomyopathy and, if so, their increase could contribute to the depressed contractility. We assessed the contractile function of isolated left-ventricular (LV) myocytes and also quantitated tubulin mRNA levels as well as free and polymerized tubulin proteins using the LV myocardium obtained from dogs with rapid pacing (240 beats/min, 4 weeks)-induced dilated failing cardiomyopathy (HF; n = 6) and control dogs (n = 6). Myocyte contractility was significantly depressed in HF compared to control. Northern blot analysis indicated that tubulin mRNA levels (normalized to GAPDH mRNA) in HF dogs were upregulated (0.43 +/- 0.04 v 0.13 +/- 0.02; P < 0.01). In contrast, the amount of total tubulins (633 +/- 52 v 697 +/- 42 micrograms/g wet weight; P = N.S.) and the ratio of polymerized tubulin fraction-to-total tubulin (0.44 +/- 0.02 v 0.44 +/- 0.01; P = N.S.) did not differ between the two groups. Immunohistochemical studies showed no apparent differences in the distribution or density of intracellular microtubule network. Further, the exposure of myocytes to colchicine (1 mumol/l, 30 min), which depolymerizes microtubules, did not promote any improvement of the depressed myocyte contraction. Pacing-induced tachycardia increased myocardial tubulin mRNA, but the amount of total and polymerized tubulins were not increased, indicating that alterations in myocyte microtubules do not contribute to the contractile abnormalities in this model of HF.
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246
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Tsutsui H, Yamagishi M, Uematsu M, Suyama K, Nakatani S, Yasumura Y, Asanuma T, Miyatake K. Intravascular ultrasound evaluation of plaque distribution at curved coronary segments. Am J Cardiol 1998; 81:977-81. [PMID: 9576156 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the distribution of atherosclerosis at the curved coronary segments has implications for atherogenesis and interventional procedures, few data exist regarding the plaque distribution in these sites. Therefore, we prospectively analyzed the intravascular ultrasound images of 55 coronary sites from 37 patients where the atherosclerotic plaque and pericardium were simultaneously demonstrated by intravascular ultrasound. The pericardial images were defined as a high-intensity linear echo image moving during cardiac cycles outside the vessel wall. By the line that was parallel to the pericardial image, the vessel area was divided into 2 semicircles with the same area, namely myocardial and pericardial sides. In each side, the maximal thickness, area, and percent area of plaque were measured. The plaque thickness and area of the myocardial side were significantly greater (1.5 +/- 0.5 mm, 4.9 +/- 2.1 mm or 66%, mean +/- SD) than those of the pericardial side (1.1 +/- 0.4 mm, 3.5 +/- 2.1 mm2 or 45%, p < 0.01). The maximal plaque thickness was positioned at the point with a mean angle of 139 +/- 37 degrees from the point just facing the pericardial image, indicating that atherosclerosis was eccentrically located on the opposite side of the pericardium in these coronary segments, and suggesting that the side of the pericardial image represents the outer curvature of the coronary artery. These results indicate that the pericardial images can be seen by intravascular ultrasound, facilitating the recognition of the disease distribution in situ. The eccentric plaque located on the inner wall at the curved coronary segments, probably due to uneven local shear stress, may have implications for the interventional procedures for these segments.
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247
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Takeda K, Tsutsui H, Yoshimoto T, Adachi O, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T, Okamura H, Nakanishi K, Akira S. Defective NK cell activity and Th1 response in IL-18-deficient mice. Immunity 1998; 8:383-90. [PMID: 9529155 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 717] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-18 is a cytokine that is secreted from activated macrophages and induces IFNgamma production. To investigate the in vivo role of IL-18, we generated IL-18-deficient mice. In Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)-primed IL-18-deficient mice, LPS-induced IFNgamma production was markedly reduced, despite normal IL-12 induction. Natural killer cell activity was significantly impaired. Th1 cell response after injection of P. acnes or Mycobacterium bovis (bacillus Calmette-Guerin [BCG]) was significantly reduced. Similar results were observed in IL-12-deficient mice. Interestingly, Th1 response was induced after BCG infection in IL-12-deficient mice. We therefore generated mice lacking both IL-18 and IL-12. In these mice, NK activity and Th1 response were further impaired. This demonstrates the important role of both IL-18 and IL-12 in NK activity, as well as in in vivo Th1 response.
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248
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Umeno T, Yamagishi M, Tsutsui H, Hongo Y, Uematsu M, Nakatani S, Yasumura Y, Komamura K, Sasaki T, Miyatake K. Intravascular ultrasound evidence for importance of plaque distribution in the determination of regional vessel wall compliance. Heart Vessels 1998; Suppl 12:182-4. [PMID: 9476577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regional vessel wall distensibility was determined by measuring luminal area and pressure, using intravascular ultrasound (Sonicath; Boston-Scientific, Watertown, MA, USA; 3.5 Fr, 30 MHz) in 45 left coronary sites from 40 patients. Luminal area in diastole (A) and in systole was measured at the diseased sites. With the ratio of luminal area changes (dA) to coronary pressure changes (dP) during a cardiac cycle, the total distensibility index was calculated by the formula: [(dA/A)/dP] x 10(3). At sites with non-circumferential disease, perimeters in diastole (L) and in systole were measured at the normal and diseased portions, and the changes in perimeters (dL) during a cardiac cycle were calculated. The regional distensibility index was obtained by the formula: [(dL/L)/dP] x 10(3). In 22 sites with circumferential disease, the total distensibility index was 1.03 +/- 0.61/mmHg, significantly lower than that for 23 sites with non-circumferential disease (1.45 +/- 0.89/mmHg; P < 0.05). In non-circumferential disease, the regional distensibility index at the diseased portion was significantly lower (0.33 +/- 0.47/mmHg) than that at the normal portion (1.11 +/- 0.75/mmHg; P < 0.01). Coronary sites with residual non-circumferential disease after angioplasty also exhibited heterogeneity of regional distensibility (0.73 +/- 0.76 at disease sites versus 1.58 +/- 0.95/mmHg at normal sites, n = 10, P < 0.05). These results indicate that heterogeneous regional wall distensibility exists at sites with non-circumferential disease where the total vessel distensibility is preserved by the presence of compliant normal portion. This heterogeneity of regional wall distensibility may represent a biomechanical factor that explains the mechanism of plaque rupture that occurs mainly at the shoulder of the non-circumferential disease.
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Miyazawa Y, Tsutsui H, Mizuhara H, Fujiwara H, Kaneda K. Involvement of intrasinusoidal hemostasis in the development of concanavalin A-induced hepatic injury in mice. Hepatology 1998; 27:497-506. [PMID: 9462649 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510270225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation induces T-cell activation-associated hepatic injury. This study is designed to show the involvement of microcirculatory disturbance in the pathogenesis. Con A administration led to prominent intrasinusoidal hemostasis, which consisted of erythrocyte agglutination, lymphocyte/neutrophil sticking to endothelial cells, and platelet aggregation and degranulation, resulting in a marked decrease in the intrahepatic blood flow and elevation of portal perfusion pressure. After hemostasis, confluent hepatic necrosis occurred within the congested area of liver parenchyma. Reduction in the extent of hemostasis by the treatment with heparin (thrombin inhibitor) or cyproheptadine (serotonin inhibitor) decreased hepatic injury. Pretreatment with either anti-tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNF-alpha) or anti-interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) monoclonal antibody (MAb) moderately decreased hemostasis and hepatic injury, whereas combined use of two MAbs almost perfectly protected mice from these disorders. Complete obliteration of hemostasis and hepatic injury was also accomplished by the pretreatment with FK506 which suppressed TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production. Intrasinusoidal accumulation of leukocytes and platelets was, however, not blocked by FK506, indicating that Con A activities other than the stimulation of cytokine production are responsible for this event. The administration of anti-CD3 MAb, a T-cell stimulant without agglutination activities, which elevated plasma cytokine levels in a comparable degree without inducing prominent leukocyte infiltration, did not induce hepatic congestion and injury. These findings indicate that the agglutination activities of Con A and T-cell activation mediated TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma production are both required for the induction of intrasinusoidal hemostasis, which is indispensable for the development of hepatic injury.
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Tsutsui H, Uematsu M, Shimizu H, Yamagishi M, Tanaka N, Matsuda H, Miyatake K. Comparative usefulness of myocardial velocity gradient in detecting ischemic myocardium by a dobutamine challenge. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 31:89-93. [PMID: 9426023 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00430-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that ischemic myocardium can be sensitively detected using tissue Doppler-derived myocardial velocity gradient (MVG) by a dobutamine challenge. BACKGROUND Although tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) has recently emerged to quantify regional myocardial contraction, increased translational motion during a dobutamine challenge may affect the measurements. MVG is an indicator of regional myocardial contraction independent of the translational motion. METHODS We studied 19 patients with (n = 13) and without (n = 6) confirmed single-vessel coronary artery disease. Left ventricular short-axis tissue Doppler images were obtained along with conventional echocardiograms during a submaximal two-step dobutamine challenge (10 and 30 microg/kg body weight per min). Endocardial velocity as well as MVG were derived from TDI using computer analysis in the anteroseptal and posterior segments and were compared with visual interpretation. RESULTS MVG demonstrated a significant dose-responsive increase in the nonischemic segments (anteroseptal: 2.6 +/- 0.8/s to 6.0 +/- 1.0/s [mean +/- SD], p < 0.05; posterior: 3.9 +/- 0.7/s to 7.6 +/- 1.8/s, p < 0.05) but remained unchanged in the ischemic segments (anteroseptal: 2.5 +/- 0.8/s to 2.7 +/- 0.7/s, p = NS; posterior: 3.4 +/- 1.0/s to 4.1 +/- 0.9/s, p = NS). Endocardial velocity failed to clearly demonstrate the differing responses between the nonischemic (anteroseptal: -2.3 +/- 1.2 to -2.7 +/- 1.6 cm/s, p = NS; posterior: 3.8 +/- 1.1 to 73 +/- 2.7 cm/s, p < 0.05) and ischemic segments (anteroseptal: -2.1 +/- 0.5 to -2.8 +/- 0.8 cm/s, p = NS; posterior: 4.2 +/- 0.8 to 6.5 +/- 2.6 cm/s, p = NS). Wall motion abnormality was hardly detectable with visual interpretation (wall motion score range 1.00 to 1.33). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal segments could be sensitively detected by using MVG in a submaximal dobutamine challenge, even where conventional methods failed to detect the abnormality.
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