101
|
Xu D, Lin F, Zhu XY, Liu WY, Chen XW, Feng JQ, Fan AQ, Cai MY, Xu YJ. [Immunomodulatory effect of oyster peptide on immunosuppressed mice]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2016; 48:392-397. [PMID: 27318896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the immunomodulating effect of oyster peptide on immunosuppressed mice. METHODS ICR mice injected with cyclophosphamide (CTX) were adopted as the module group, with mice without treatment as the control group, and different dosages of oyster peptide (0.5 g/kg, 1.0 g/kg, and 2.0 g/kg) were given to the low, middle, and high groups for 15 days. The body weight, spleen, and thymus weight of the mice, structures under the microscope of the immune organs, numbers of white blood cells, ratios of T lymphocyte subsets, immune cytokines and numbers of nuclear cells, and DNA content in bone marrow were all assessed. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the structures of thymus and spleen of the mice in the CTX group appeared obscure and shrunk when observed under microscope, the number of their white blood cells declined (P=0.04), the proportion of their CD3(+) T cells in peripheral blood declined (P=0.003), the proportion of their CD8(+) T cells in peripheral blood declined (P=0.002), the concentration of their IL-5 in peripheral blood significantly increased (P<0.01), the concentration of their nucleated cells and DNA density in bone marrow decreased (P=0.04, P<0.01). Oyster could improve the structures of thymus and spleen of the immunosuppressed mice. Compared with the CTX group, the number of white blood cells in 2.0 g/kg group increased (P=0.003), the proportion of CD3(+) T cells in peripheral blood in 1.0 g/kg group (P=0.04) and 2.0 g/kg group (P=0.02) increased, the proportion of CD8(+) T cells in peripheral blood in 2.0 g/kg group increased (P=0.002), the concentration of IL-5 in peripheral blood in all the oyster treated groups increased (P<0.01 in 0.5 g/kg, 1.0 g/kg, and 2.0 g/kg groups), the concentration of IL-17 in peripheral blood in 2.0 g/kg group decreased (P=0.03), the concentration of nucleated cells in bone marrow of all the oyster treated groups increased (0.5 g/kg vs. CTX, P=0.04; 1.0 g/kg vs. CTX, P=0.02; 2.0 g/kg vs. CTX P=0.01), the DNA content in bone marrow of all the oyster treated groups increased (P<0.01 in the 0.5 g/kg, 1.0 g/kg, and 2.0 g/kg groups). CONCLUSION Oyster peptide could improve the structures of immune organs of the CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice, recover the imbalances of T lymphocyte subsets, improve the immune cytokines and increase numbers of nucleated cells and DNA content in bone marrow, thus improving the immunologic function.
Collapse
|
102
|
Zhang L, Lu HW, Liu HL, Zhu XY, Tang BL, Zheng CC, Yang HZ, Geng LQ, Ding KY, Wang XB, Han YS, Liu X, Wu JS, Zhu WW, Cai XY, Sun ZM. [Pathogens and clinical characteristics of bacterial infection in hematology department between 2010 and 2014]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2016; 37:383-7. [PMID: 27210872 PMCID: PMC7348313 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of distribution and drug resistance of bacterial infection in several different parts of hematology department inpatients of Anhui Provincial Hospital from January 2010 to December 2014, including patients who had received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS Anti-microbial susceptibility test was done by Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems and the data were analysed by WHONET 5.6 software. RESULTS A total of 3 312 copies of inspection samples were analyzed, including 2 716 (82%) blood samples and other 596 specimens (18%). 634 bacterial strains were isolated from 3 312 samples (19.14%) including 488 samples (76.97%) from blood culture. 427 (67.35%) bacterial strains were gram-negative, and the other 207 (32.65%) were gram-positive. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were most common gram-negative bacterial and the resistant rates to imipenem were 0.8%, 11.8% and 3.3%, respectively. Detection rates of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were 83.9% and 75.0%, respectively. At the same time, Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus were most common kinds of gram-positive bacteria. Methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus accounted for 65.9% antibiotic resistance. No vancomycin and/or linezolid and/or tigecycline resistant strains of Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. were found in those patients. CONCLUSION Patients with hematology diseases had a higher risk of bacterial infections, mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria. There are different distributions of bacterial in different wards.
Collapse
|
103
|
Zhu XY, Ma S, Eirin A, Woollard JR, Hickson LJ, Sun D, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Functional Plasticity of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells During Development of Obesity. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:893-900. [PMID: 27177576 PMCID: PMC4922846 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the hypothesis that microenvironmental inflammatory changes during development of metabolic disorders in obesity affect adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC) function. It was found that adipose tissue inflammation promotes an increase in resident adipocyte progenitors and upregulated tumor necrosis factor-α enhances ASC adipogenesis. Thus, adipose tissue anti-inflammatory strategies might be a novel target to attenuate obesity and its complications. Obesity is a major risk factor for a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Expansion of the adipose mass requires adipocyte precursor cells that originate from multipotent adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs), which in turn also participate in repair activities. ASC function might decline in a disease milieu, but it remains unclear whether ASC function varies during the development of obesity. We tested the hypothesis that microenvironmental inflammatory changes during development of metabolic disorders in obesity affect ASC function. Domestic pigs were fed with an atherogenic (n = 7) or normal (n = 7) diet for 16 weeks. Abdominal adipose tissue biopsies were collected after 8, 12, and 16 weeks of diet for ASC isolation and immunohistochemistry of in situ ASCs and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Longitudinal changes in proliferation, differentiation, and anti-inflammatory functions of ASCs were assessed. At 16 weeks, upregulated TNF-α expression in adipose tissue from obese pigs was accompanied by increased numbers of adipocyte progenitors (CD24+/CD34+) in adipose tissue and enlarged adipocyte size. In vitro, ASCs from obese pigs showed enhanced adipogenic and osteogenic propensity, which was abolished by anti-TNF-α treatment, whereas lean ASCs treated with TNF-α showed enhanced adipogenesis. Furthermore, obese ASCs showed increased senescence compared with lean ASCs, whereas their immunomodulatory capacity was preserved. Adipose tissue inflammation promotes an increase in resident adipocyte progenitors and upregulated TNF-α enhances ASC adipogenesis. Thus, adipose tissue anti-inflammatory strategies might be a novel target to attenuate obesity and its complications. Significance Adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC) function might decline in a disease milieu, but it remains unclear whether ASC function varies during the development of obesity. This study tested the hypothesis that microenvironmental inflammatory changes during development of metabolic disorders in obesity affect ASC function. It was found that ASCs show increased propensity for differentiation into adipocytes, which is partly mediated by upregulated tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), likely in their adipose tissue microenvironment. Furthermore, TNF-α magnified obese ASC senescence, although it did not regulate their anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, adipose tissue inflammation might be a novel therapeutic target to avert ASC maldifferentiation and senescence.
Collapse
|
104
|
Jonnada S, Eirin A, Zhu XY, Jordan KL, Riester SM, van Wijnen AJ, Lerman A, Lerman LO. MO050MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL-DERIVED EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES ATTENUATE RENAL INJURY IN SWINE METABOLIC SYNDROME AND RENOVASCULAR DISEASE. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw139.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
105
|
Liu LL, Tian HE, Zhang QD, Zhan YG, Zhu XY, Cao LL, Su JG, Ma L. [Correlation between job burnout and salivary cortisol concentration in employees]. ZHONGHUA LAO DONG WEI SHENG ZHI YE BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LAODONG WEISHENG ZHIYEBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 2016; 34:118-120. [PMID: 27014890 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between job burnout and salivary cortisol concentration. METHODS In September 2014, a cross-sectional survey was used to perform a questionnaire survey for 237 employees in a solar photovoltaic company. Meanwhile, saliva was collected through chewing with a tube for saliva collection, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure salivary cortisol concentration. RESULTS The salivary cortisol concentration showed no significant differences between employees with different ages, working years, educational backgrounds, and shifts(P>0.05). The salivary cortisol concentration was positively correlated with the scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and job burnout(r=0.182, 0.229, and 0.222, P<0.05). The employees with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and job burnout had significantly higher salivary cortisol concentrations than those without emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and job burnout(80.22±13.34 μg/L vs 75.86±14.75 μg/L, t=2.029, P<0.05; 80.69±12.99 μg/L vs 75.27±14.89 μg/L, t=2.607, P<0.05; 80.06±12.63 μg/L vs 72.76±16.04 μg/L, t=3.248, P<0.05). The stepwise regression analysis showed that salivary cortisol concentration was mainly influenced by depersonalization. CONCLUSION Job burnout is correlated with salivary cortisol concentration, and can be used as an objective assessment index for job burnout.
Collapse
|
106
|
Tian HE, Ma L, Liu LL, Zhang H, Liu KY, Zhang QD, Zhu XY, Zhu HB. [Correlation between occupational stress and salivary cortisol concentration in employees]. ZHONGHUA LAO DONG WEI SHENG ZHI YE BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LAODONG WEISHENG ZHIYEBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 2016; 34:121-123. [PMID: 27014891 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of occupational stress on salivary cortisol concentration in employees. METHODS In September 2014, occupational stress evaluation was performed for 186 employees in a solar photovoltaic company, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the salivary cortisol concentration. RESULTS The salivary cortisol concentration showed no significant differences between groups with different demographic features(P>0.05). The group with a high score of job control had a significantly lower salivary cortisol concentration than that with a low score(74.62±15.34 μg/L vs 79.95±12.99 μg/L, P<0.05). The groups with high scores of job danger and job responsibility and burden had significantly higher salivary cortisol concentrations than those with low scores(80.29±9.45 μg/L vs 75.60±16.41, P<0.05; 80.94±10.87 μg/L vs 74.05±16.35 μg/L, P<0.05). The salivary cortisol concentration was positively correlated with the scores of job danger and job responsibility and burden(r=0.176 and 0.252, P<0.05) and negatively correlated with the score of job control(r=-0.208, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Salivary cortisol concentration is positively correlated with occupational stress and increases with the increasing degree of occupational stress, and can be used as an objective biomarker for the identification and evaluation of occupational stress.
Collapse
|
107
|
Tian HE, Liu KY, Zhang H, Qian YN, Liu LL, Ma L, Zhang QD, Zhu XY. [Correlation between job burnout and salivary immunoglobulin G in employees]. ZHONGHUA LAO DONG WEI SHENG ZHI YE BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LAODONG WEISHENG ZHIYEBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 2016; 34:124-126. [PMID: 27014892 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of job burnout on salivary immunoglobulin G(IgG) concentration in employees. METHODS In September 2014, evaluation of job burnout was performed for 186 employees in a solar photovoltaic company, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure salivary IgG concentration. RESULTS The employees with over 20 working years had a significantly higher salivary IgG concentration than those with ≤15 working years(53.80±8.22 μg/ml vs 49.93±7.97 μg/ml, P<0.05). The employees with long-day shifts had a significantly higher salivary IgG concentration than those with day-night shifts (54.98±7.62 μg/ml vs 51.85±7.94 μg/ml, P<0.05). The employees with depersonalization had a significantly lower salivary IgG concentration than those without depersonalization(50.69±9.89 vs 53.19±6.54, P<0.05). The salivary IgG concentration was negatively correlated with the scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and job burnout (r=-0.194, -0.152, and -0.210, all P<0.05). CONCLUSION Job burnout is negatively correlated with salivary IgG concentration, which tends to decrease with the increasing severity of job burnout. Therefore, salivary IgG can be used as a biomarker for the identification and evaluation of job burnout.
Collapse
|
108
|
Tian HE, Zhu XY, Zhan YG, Cao LL, Liu LL, Ma L, Zhang H, Qian YN. [Influence of occupational stress on salivary immunoglobulin G concentration in employees]. ZHONGHUA LAO DONG WEI SHENG ZHI YE BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA LAODONG WEISHENG ZHIYEBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES 2016; 34:81-5. [PMID: 27014881 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possibility of salivary immunoglobulin G(IgG) as an objective assessment index for occupational stress. METHODS In September 2014, a total of 186 employees in a solar photovoltaic company were selected as research subjects, and a questionnaire survey was performed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure salivary IgG concentration. RESULTS The salivary IgG concentration showed a significant difference between employees with different working years and shifts(P<0.05). The employees with ≤15 working years had a lower salivary IgG concentration than those with >20 working years (49.93±7.97 μg/ml vs 53.80±8.22 μg/ml), and the employees with long-day shifts had a higher salivary IgG concentration than those with day-night shifts(54.98±7.62 μg/ml vs 51.85±7.94 μg/ml). The employees with low levels of job demands and job danger had a significantly higher salivary IgG concentration than those with high levels(54.09±6.68 μg/ml vs 50.65±8.81 μg/ml, P<0.05; 53.73±7.35 μg/ml vs 50.73±8.73 μg/ml, P<0.05). The employees with a high score of mental health had a significantly higher salivary IgG concentration than those with a low score(54.39±5.28 μg/ml vs 50.73±9.36 μg/ml, P<0.05). The salivary IgG concentration was positively correlated with the score of mental health(r=0.314, P<0.05), but negatively correlated with job demands, job routinization, job danger, job prospects, physical complaints, and daily stress(r=-0.249, -0.159, -0.157, -0.030, -0.035, and -0.176, all P<0.05). The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the salivary IgG concentration was mainly influenced by job demands and mental health. CONCLUSION Salivary IgG concentration can be applied as an objective assessment index for occupational stress.
Collapse
|
109
|
Zhang X, Gibson ME, Li ZL, Zhu XY, Jordan KL, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Autophagy Portends the Level of Cardiac Hypertrophy in Experimental Hypertensive Swine Model. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:81-9. [PMID: 25904651 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) plays an important role in hypertensive heart disease, and may be accompanied by myocardial autophagy. However, the pattern of autophagy during evolution of LVH is unclear. We hypothesized that autophagy activation indicates advancing cardiac LVH with tissue remodeling. METHODS Ten domestic pigs with a 10-week unilateral renovascular hypertension (HTN) were classified as mild or moderate HTN (n = 5 each group) based on the degree of renal artery stenosis (above or below 75%). Seven normal pigs served as controls. Left ventricular remodeling, function, and microvascular density were assessed using multi-detector- and micro-computed tomography and histology. Markers of myocardial autophagic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related unfolded protein response (UPR), apoptosis, and fibrosis were examined ex vivo. RESULTS Both HTN groups had increased myocyte cross-sectional area, but it was greater in moderate HTN, accompanied by elevated LV muscle-mass. Moderate, but not mild HTN, also showed impaired microvascular density and impaired myocardial perfusion. Autophagy mediators were unaltered in mild HTN but UPR markers were increased, while in moderate HTN they were all upregulated, whereas UPR markers were suppressed. Myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis were also greater in moderate HTN. Autophagic proteins were correlated with LVH and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Autophagic activity is stimulated during the exacerbation of LVH, following a transient early increase in ER stress, and may be involved in the progression of cardiac remodeling in renovascular hypertensive heart disease.
Collapse
|
110
|
Ma S, Zhu XY, Eirin A, Woollard JR, Jordan KL, Tang H, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Perirenal Fat Promotes Renal Arterial Endothelial Dysfunction in Obese Swine through Tumor Necrosis Factor-α. J Urol 2015; 195:1152-9. [PMID: 26417644 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perirenal fat is associated with poor blood pressure control and chronic kidney disease but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We tested the hypothesis that perirenal fat impairs renal arterial endothelial function in pigs with obesity-metabolic derangements. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 14 domestic pigs after 16 weeks of a high fat/high fructose diet (obesity-metabolic derangement group) or standard chow (lean group). Renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and visceral fat volumes were studied in vivo by computerized tomography. Renal arterial endothelial function was also studied ex vivo in organ baths. RESULTS Pigs with obesity-metabolic derangements demonstrated increased body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol and intra-abdominal fat compared to lean pigs and perirenal fat volume was significantly larger. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were markedly elevated while urinary protein level was preserved. Ex vivo acetylcholine induced, endothelium dependent vasodilation of renal artery rings was substantially impaired in pigs with obesity-metabolic derangements compared to lean pigs. Endothelial function was further blunted in obesity-metabolic derangement and lean arterial rings by incubation with perirenal fat harvested from pigs with obesity-metabolic derangements but not from lean pigs. It was restored by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α. Perirenal fat from pigs with obesity-metabolic derangements also showed increased pro-inflammatory macrophage infiltration and tumor necrosis factor-α expression. CONCLUSIONS In pigs with obesity-metabolic derangements perirenal fat directly causes renal artery endothelial dysfunction, which is partly mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α.
Collapse
|
111
|
Wang BH, Rong P, Cai XX, Wang W, Zhu XY, Chen CJ, Xu YY, Huang XJ, Zhuang ZM, Wang CB. Development of EST-SSR markers related to disease resistance and their application in genetic diversity and evolution analysis in Gossypium. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2015; 14:10630-44. [PMID: 26400294 DOI: 10.4238/2015.september.9.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp) is one of the most economically important crops that provide the world's most widely used natural fiber. Diseases such as Fusarium wilt and particularly Verticillium wilt seriously affect cotton production, and thus breeding for disease resistance is one of the most important goals of cotton breeding programs. Currently, potential exists to improve disease resistance in cultivated cotton. Increasing the understanding of the distribution, structure, and organization of genes or quantitative trait loci for disease resistance will help the breeders improve crop yield even in the event of disease. To facilitate the mapping of disease-resistance quantitative trait loci to achieve disease-resistant molecular breeding in cotton, it is necessary to develop polymorphic molecular markers. The objective of this study was to develop simple sequence repeat markers based on cotton expressed sequence tags for disease resistance. The efficacy of these simple sequence repeat markers, their polymorphisms, and cross-species transferability were evaluated. Their value was further investigated based on genetic diversity and evolution analysis. In this study, the unique sequences used to develop markers were compared with the G. arboretum and G. raimondii genome sequences to investigate their position, homology, and collinearity between G. arboretum and G. raimondii.
Collapse
|
112
|
Zhang X, Li ZL, Eirin A, Ebrahimi B, Pawar AS, Zhu XY, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Cardiac metabolic alterations in hypertensive obese pigs. Hypertension 2015; 66:430-6. [PMID: 26077566 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and hypertension are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and their growing coexistence accounts for an increase in adverse cardiac events, but the mechanisms are yet to be determined. We hypothesized that obesity exacerbates mitochondrial dysregulation imposed by hypertension and augments left ventricular dysfunction. Obesity-prone Ossabaw pigs were randomized to lean (standard diet) and obese (high-fat diet), without (Lean-sham and Obese-sham) or with renovascular hypertension (Lean-hypertension and Obese-hypertension), induced after 12 weeks of diet (n=7 each). Cardiac function, myocardial perfusion and oxygenation, and microvascular remodeling were assessed 4 weeks later. Mitochondrial biogenesis signals and structural proteins, respiratory chain complex activities, and mitochondrial self-degradation were examined, as was fibrosis. Obesity alone exerted no apparent effect on mitochondrial dynamics, but aggravated in hypertensive hearts the reduction of mitochondrial proteins, deoxyribonucleic acid content, and respiratory chain complex IV subunits activity, and amplified mitochondrial self-degradation. Synergistic interaction of obesity with hypertension also exacerbated myocardial fibrosis and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Mitochondrial content, respiratory chain complex IV subunits activity, and mitophagy were correlated with myocardial fibrosis. These findings suggest that obesity aggravates in renovascular hypertension cardiac mitochondrial aberrations. Mitochondrial function may regulate the progression of cardiac injury and functional deterioration in hypertension concomitant with obesity.
Collapse
|
113
|
Yao W, Zheng CC, Liu HL, Geng LQ, Tang BL, Tong J, Zhu XY, Song KD, Qiang P, Sun ZM. Salvaged single-unit cord blood transplantation for 26 patients with hematologic malignancies not in remission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:871-6. [PMID: 26445329 PMCID: PMC4617112 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Treatments for patients with hematologic malignancies not in remission are limited,
but a few clinical studies have investigated the effects of salvaged unrelated cord
blood transplantation (CBT). We retrospectively studied 19 patients with acute
leukemia, 5 with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS with refractory anemia with excess
blasts [RAEB]), and 2 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who received 1 CBT unit ≤2 loci
human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched after undergoing myeloablative conditioning
regimens between July 2005 and July 2014. All of them were in non-remission before
transplantation. The infused total nucleated cell (TNC) dose was 4.07 (range
2.76-6.02)×107/kg and that of CD34+ stem cells was 2.08
(range 0.99-8.65)×105/kg. All patients were engrafted with neutrophils
that exceeded 0.5×109/L on median day +17 (range 14-37 days) and had
platelet counts of >20×109/L on median day +35 (range 17-70 days).
Sixteen patients (61.5%) experienced pre-engraftment syndrome (PES), and six (23.1%)
patients progressed to acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The cumulative
incidence rates of II-IV acute GVHD and chronic GVHD were 50% and 26.9%,
respectively. After a median follow-up of 27 months (range 5-74), 14 patients
survived and 3 relapsed. The estimated 2-year overall survival (OS), disease-free
survival (DFS), and non-relapse mortality (NRM) rates were 50.5%, 40.3%, and 35.2%,
respectively. Salvaged CBT might be a promising modality for treating hematologic
malignancies, even in patients with a high leukemia burden.
Collapse
|
114
|
Pawar AS, Zhu XY, Eirin A, Tang H, Jordan KL, Woollard JR, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Adipose tissue remodeling in a novel domestic porcine model of diet-induced obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:399-407. [PMID: 25627626 PMCID: PMC4311573 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish and characterize a novel domestic porcine model of obesity. METHODS Fourteen domestic pigs were fed normal (lean, n=7) or high-fat/high-fructose diet (obese, n=7) for 16 weeks. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies were obtained after 8, 12, and 16 weeks of diet, and pericardial adipose tissue after 16 weeks, for assessments of adipocyte size, fibrosis, and inflammation. Adipose tissue volume and cardiac function were studied with multidetector computed tomography, and oxygenation was studied with magnetic resonance imaging. Plasma lipids profile, insulin resistance, and markers of inflammation were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with lean pigs, obese pigs had elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels, blood pressure, and insulin resistance. Both abdominal and pericardial fat volume increased in obese pigs after 16 weeks. In abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, adipocyte size and both tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression progressively increased. Macrophage infiltration showed in both abdominal and pericardial adipose tissues. Circulating TNF-α increased in obese pigs only at 16 weeks. Compared with lean pigs, obese pigs had similar global cardiac function, but myocardial perfusion and oxygenation were significantly impaired. CONCLUSIONS A high-fat/high-fructose diet induces in domestic pigs many characteristics of metabolic syndrome, which is useful for investigating the effects of the obesity.
Collapse
|
115
|
Liang WY, Zhu XY, Zhang JW, Feng XR, Wang YC, Liu ML. Uric acid promotes chemokine and adhesion molecule production in vascular endothelium via nuclear factor-kappa B signaling. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:187-194. [PMID: 25315669 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hyperuricemia is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis, yet the potential mechanisms are not well understood. Migration and adhesion of leukocytes to endothelial cells play key roles in initiation and development of atherosclerosis. We investigated monocyte-endothelial cell interactions and potential signaling pathways under uric acid (UA)-stimulated conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured and exposed to different concentrations of UA for various periods. Experimental hyperuricemia rat models were established. Expression of chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were evaluated. Monocyte-endothelial cell interactions were elucidated by chemotaxis and adhesion assays, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway was studied using fluorescent microscopy and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Results showed that high concentration of UA stimulated generation of chemokines and adhesion molecules in ex vivo and in vivo experiments. Migration and adhesion of human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 cells to HUVECs were promoted and activated NF-κB was significantly increased. UA-induced responses were ameliorated by organic anion transporter inhibitor probenecid and NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082. It was also observed that human endothelial cells expressed urate transporter-1, which was not regulated by UA. CONCLUSION High concentration of UA exerts unfavorable effects directly on vascular endothelium via the NF-κB signaling pathway, the process of which requires intracellular uptake of UA.
Collapse
|
116
|
Eirin A, Zhu XY, Ferguson CM, Riester SM, van Wijnen AJ, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Intra-renal delivery of mesenchymal stem cells attenuates myocardial injury after reversal of hypertension in porcine renovascular disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:7. [PMID: 25599803 PMCID: PMC4417319 DOI: 10.1186/scrt541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) fails to fully improve cardiac injury and dysfunction in patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) restore renal function, but their potential for attenuating cardiac injury after reversal of RVH has not been explored. We hypothesized that replenishment of MSCs during PTRA would improve cardiac function and oxygenation, and decrease myocardial injury in porcine RVH. Methods Pigs were studied after 16 weeks of RVH, RVH treated 4 weeks earlier with PTRA with or without adjunct intra-renal delivery of MSC (10^6 cells), and controls. Cardiac structure, function (fast-computed tomography (CT)), and myocardial oxygenation (Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent- magnetic resonance imaging) were assessed in-vivo. Myocardial microvascular density (micro-CT) and myocardial injury were evaluated ex-vivo. Kidney venous and systemic blood levels of inflammatory markers were measured and their renal release calculated. Results PTRA normalized blood pressure, yet stenotic-kidney glomerular filtration rate, similarly blunted in RVH and RVH + PTRA, normalized only in PTRA + MSC-treated pigs. PTRA attenuated left ventricular remodeling, whereas myocardial oxygenation, subendocardial microvascular density, and diastolic function remained decreased in RVH + PTRA, but normalized in RVH + PTRA-MSC. Circulating isoprostane levels and renal release of inflammatory cytokines increased in RVH and RVH + PTRA, but normalized in RVH + PTRA-MSC, as did myocardial oxidative stress, inflammation, collagen deposition, and fibrosis. Conclusions Intra-renal MSC delivery during PTRA preserved stenotic-kidney function, reduced systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, and thereby improved cardiac function, oxygenation, and myocardial injury four weeks after revascularization, suggesting a therapeutic potential for adjunctive MSC delivery to preserve cardiac function and structure after reversal of experimental RVH.
Collapse
|
117
|
Eirin A, Zhu XY, Ebrahimi B, Krier JD, Riester SM, van Wijnen AJ, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Intrarenal Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Endothelial Progenitor Cells Attenuates Hypertensive Cardiomyopathy in Experimental Renovascular Hypertension. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:2041-53. [PMID: 25420012 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x685582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Renovascular hypertension (RVH) leads to left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Intrarenal delivery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) improves kidney function in porcine RVH, and the potent anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs may serve to blunt inflammatory mediators in the cardiorenal axis. However, their relative efficacy in attenuating cardiac injury and dysfunction remains unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that the cardioprotective effect of EPCs and MSCs delivered into the stenotic kidney in experimental RVH are comparable. Pigs (n = 7 per group) were studied after 10 weeks of RVH or control untreated or treated with a single intrarenal infusion of autologous EPCs or MSCs 4 weeks earlier. Cardiac and renal function (fast CT) and stenotic kidney release of inflammatory mediators (ELISA) were assessed in vivo, and myocardial inflammation, remodeling, and fibrosis ex vivo. After 10 weeks of RVH, blood pressure was not altered in cell-treated groups, yet stenotic kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blunted in RVH, improved in RVH + EPC, and normalized in RVH + MSCs. Stenotic kidney release of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and its myocardial expression were elevated in RVH + EPC, but normalized only in RVH + MSC pigs. RVH-induced LV hypertrophy was normalized in both EPC- and MSC-treated pigs, while diastolic function (E/A ratio) was restored to normal levels exclusively in RVH + MSCs. RVH-induced myocardial fibrosis and collagen deposition decreased in RVH + EPCs but further decreased in RVH + MSC-treated pigs. Intrarenal delivery of EPCs or MSCs attenuates RVH-induced myocardial injury, yet MSCs restore diastolic function more effectively than EPCs, possibly by greater improvement in renal function or reduction of MCP-1 release from the stenotic kidney. These observations suggest a therapeutic potential for EPCs and MSCs in preserving the myocardium in chronic experimental RVH.
Collapse
|
118
|
Tang BL, Zhu XY, Zheng CC, Liu HL, Geng LQ, Wang XB, Ding KY, Yao W, Tong J, Song KD, Zhang L, Qiang P, Sun ZM. Successful early unmanipulated haploidentical transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning for primary graft failure after cord blood transplantation in hematologic malignancy patients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 50:248-52. [PMID: 25365067 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2014.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Primary graft failure (pGF) is a frequent complication following cord blood transplantation (CBT). For those patients who will not experience autologous recovery, salvage transplantation should be performed as early as possible. However, standardized treatment protocols for pGF, such as the optimal stem cell source, preparative regimen and the ideal time for salvage transplantation, have yet to be determined. Therefore, we analyzed 17 hematologic malignancy patients who received unmanipulated haploidentical peripheral blood (PB) and BM transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) as a salvage therapy for pGF after CBT. The median interval between the two transplantations was 38 days. The RIC regimen for salvage transplantation consisted of fludarabine, antithymocyte globulin, CY and low-dose TBI. The neutrophil and plt engraftments were achieved in 14 (82.4%) and 13 (76.4%) patients, respectively. The cumulative incidences of grades II-IV and grades III-IV aGVHD were 35.3% and 17.6%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 29.4%. After a median follow-up of 43 months, 10 of 17 patients remained alive in CR. The cumulative incidence of TRM at 180 days was 29.4%. The probability of 3-year OS and leukemia-free survival was 57.5%. Our results show that unmanipulated haploidentical PB and BM transplantation under a RIC regimen is an effective treatment for pGF after CBT.
Collapse
|
119
|
Park MY, Herrmann SM, Saad A, Widmer RJ, Tang H, Zhu XY, Lerman A, Textor SC, Lerman LO. Circulating and renal vein levels of microRNAs in patients with renal artery stenosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 30:480-90. [PMID: 25362000 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that are important regulators of gene expression and have been implicated in atherosclerosis. Kidney injury distal to atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is aggravated by atherosclerosis. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that renal miR expression would be altered in patients with ARAS. METHODS Patients with essential hypertension (EH; n = 13) or ARAS (n = 13) underwent a 3-day protocol study under controlled conditions. For miR levels, blood samples were collected from EH and ARAS renal vein (RV) and inferior vena cava or peripheral vein of matched normotensive healthy volunteers (HV; n = 13) and patients with coronary atherosclerosis (CA; n = 11). Single-renal blood flow was measured in EH and ARAS using computer tomography to calculate renal gradients and release of miRs. RESULTS Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was lower in ARAS compared with the other groups. Systemic levels of most miRs were elevated in CA. RV miR levels were lower than systemic levels in both ARAS and EH. GFR-adjusted RV levels of miR-21, 155 and 210 were reduced only in ARAS patients compared with systemic levels in HV, although cross-kidney gradients were not different from EH. RV levels of miR-21, 126, 155 and 210 correlated with GFR. CONCLUSIONS Levels of atherosclerosis-related miR-21, 126, 155 and 210 are decreased in the stenotic-kidney vein of ARAS compared with EH patients, likely due to decreased GFR. Yet, these miRs might be implicated in modulating renal injury in ARAS, and their RV level may be a marker reflecting their renal expression.
Collapse
|
120
|
Sun D, Eirin A, Zhu XY, Zhang X, Crane JA, Woollard JR, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Experimental coronary artery stenosis accelerates kidney damage in renovascular hypertensive swine. Kidney Int 2014; 87:719-27. [PMID: 25337776 PMCID: PMC4382395 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of coronary artery stenosis (CAS) to renal injury is unknown. Here we tested whether the existence of CAS, regardless of concurrent atherosclerosis, would induce kidney injury and magnify its susceptibility to damage from co-existing hypertension (HT). Pigs (7 each) were assigned to Sham, left-circumflex CAS, renovascular HT, and CAS plus HT groups. Cardiac and non-stenotic kidney functions, circulating and renal inflammatory and oxidative markers, and renal and microvascular remodeling, were assessed 10 weeks later. Myocardial perfusion declined distal to CAS. Systemic levels of PGF2-α isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress, increased in CAS and CAS plus HT, while single-kidney blood flow responses to acetylcholine were significantly blunted only in CAS plus HT compared to sham, HT, and CAS, indicating renovascular endothelial dysfunction. Tissue expression of inflammatory and oxidative markers were elevated in the CAS pig kidney, and further magnified in CAS plus HT, whereas angiogenic factor expression was decreased. Bendavia, a mitochondria-targeted peptide, decreased oxidative stress and improved renal function and structure in CAS. Furthermore, CAS and HT synergistically amplified glomerulosclerosis and renal fibrosis. Thus, mild myocardial ischemia, independent of systemic atherosclerosis, induced renal injury, possibly mediated by increased oxidative stress. Superimposed HT aggravates renal inflammation and endothelial dysfunction caused by CAS, and synergistically promotes kidney fibrosis, providing impetus to preserve cardiac integrity in order to protect the kidney.
Collapse
|
121
|
Zhu XY, Ebrahimi B, Eirin A, Woollard JR, Tang H, Jordan KL, Ofori M, Saad A, Herrmann SMS, Dietz AB, Textor SC, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Renal Vein Levels of MicroRNA-26a Are Lower in the Poststenotic Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:1378-88. [PMID: 25270070 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-26a (miR-26a) is a post-transcriptional regulator that inhibits cellular differentiation and apoptosis. Renal vascular disease (RVD) induces ischemic injury characterized by tubular cell apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis. We hypothesized that miR-26a levels are reduced in the poststenotic kidney and that kidney repair achieved by adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ad-MSCs) is associated with restored miR-26a levels. Renal function and renal miR-26a levels were assessed in pigs with RVD not treated (n=7) or 4 weeks after intrarenal infusion of ad-MSC (2.5×10(5) cells/kg; n=6), patients with RVD (n=12) or essential hypertension (n=12), and healthy volunteers (n=12). In addition, the direct effect of miR-26a on apoptosis was evaluated in a renal tubular cell culture. Compared with healthy control kidneys, swine and human poststenotic kidneys had 45.5±4.3% and 90.0±3.5% lower levels of miR-26a, respectively, which in pigs, localized to the proximal tubules. In pigs, ad-MSC delivery restored tubular miR-26a expression, attenuated tubular apoptosis and interstitial fibrosis, and improved renal function and tubular oxygen-dependent function. In vitro, miR-26a inhibition induced proximal tubular cell apoptosis and upregulated proapoptotic protein expression, which were both rescued by ad-MSC. In conclusion, decreased tubular miR-26a expression in the poststenotic kidney may be responsible for tubular cell apoptosis and renal dysfunction but can be restored using ad-MSC. Therefore, miR-26a might be a novel therapeutic target in renovascular disease.
Collapse
|
122
|
Zhu XY, Wang L, Luan SH, Zhang HS, Huang WT, Wang NH. The PGI-KLF4 pathway regulates self-renewal of glioma stem cells residing in the mesenchymal niches in human gliomas. Neoplasma 2014; 61:401-10. [PMID: 24645841 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2014_049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas display cellular hierarchies with self-renewing tumorigenic glioma stem cells (GSCs) at the apex. The GSC niches function as a regulator of GSC maintenance, however, the exact components of GSC niches that mediate this process are still far from fully defined. Here, we showed that glioma cells with aberrant mesenchymal phenotypes constitute a mesenchymal niche for GSCs. Using patient-derived specimens, we demonstrated that the paracrine PGI signaling, initiated by mesenchymal glioma cells, induces the self-renewal and tumorigenic potentials of GSCs through induction of KLF4. Treatment of intracranial orthotopic xenografts with shPGI or shKLF4 leads to less lethal potency. Our data therefore suggest that blockade of the PGI-KLF4 pathway may provide a therapeutic strategy against GSC niches.
Collapse
|
123
|
Eirin A, Riester SM, Zhu XY, Tang H, Evans JM, O'Brien D, van Wijnen AJ, Lerman LO. MicroRNA and mRNA cargo of extracellular vesicles from porcine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Gene 2014; 551:55-64. [PMID: 25158130 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are clinically useful for cell-based therapy, but concerns regarding their ability to replicate limit their human application. MSCs release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that mediate at least in part the paracrine effects of the parental cells. To understand the molecular basis of their biological properties, we characterized the RNA cargo of EVs from porcine adipose-tissue derived MSCs. Comprehensive characterization of mRNA and miRNA gene expression using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that EVs are selectively enriched for distinct classes of RNAs. For example, EVs preferentially express mRNA for transcription factors (e.g. MDFIC, POU3F1, NRIP1) and genes involved in angiogenesis (e.g. HGF, HES1, TCF4) and adipogenesis (e.g. CEBPA, KLF7). EVs also express Golgi apparatus genes (ARRB1, GOLGA4) and genes involved in TGF-β signaling. In contrast, mitochondrial, calcium signaling, and cytoskeleton genes are selectively excluded from EVs, possibly because these genes remain sequestered in organelles or intracellular compartments. RNA-seq generated reads for at least 386 annotated miRNAs, but only miR148a, miR532-5p, miR378, and let-7f were enriched in EVs compared to MSCs. Gene ontology analysis indicates that these miRNAs target transcription factors and genes that participate in several cellular pathways, including angiogenesis, cellular transport, apoptosis, and proteolysis. Our data suggest that EVs transport gene regulatory information to modulate angiogenesis, adipogenesis, and other cell pathways in recipient cells. These observations may contribute to development of regenerative strategies using EVs to overcome potential complications of cell-based therapy.
Collapse
|
124
|
Eirin A, Ebrahimi B, Zhang X, Zhu XY, Woollard JR, He Q, Textor SC, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Mitochondrial protection restores renal function in swine atherosclerotic renovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:461-72. [PMID: 24947415 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The mechanisms responsible for renal injury in atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) are incompletely understood, and few therapeutic options are available to reverse it. We hypothesized that chronic renal damage involves mitochondrial injury, and that mitochondrial protection would reduce renal fibrosis and dysfunction in ARVD pigs. METHODS AND RESULTS Domestic pigs were studied after 10 weeks of ARVD or sham, treated for the last 4 weeks with daily subcutaneous injections (5 days/week) of vehicle or Bendavia (0.1 mg/kg), a tetrapeptide that preserves cardiolipin content in the mitochondrial inner membrane. Single-kidney haemodynamics and function were studied using fast-computer tomography, oxygenation using blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging, microvascular architecture, oxidative stress, and fibrosis ex vivo. Cardiolipin content was assessed using mass spectrometry and staining. Renal endothelial function was studied in vivo and ex vivo. In addition, swine renal artery endothelial cells incubated with tert-butyl hydroperoxide were also treated with Bendavia. Stenotic-kidney renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreased in ARVD + Vehicle compared with normal (318.8 ± 61.0 vs. 553.8 ± 82.8 mL/min and 48.0 ± 4.0 vs. 84.0 ± 3.8 mL/min, respectively) associated with loss of cardiolipin, intra-renal microvascular rarefaction, and hypoxia. Bendavia restored cardiolipin content in ARVD and improved vascular density, oxygenation, RBF (535.1 ± 24.9 mL/min), and GFR (86.6 ± 11.2 mL/min). Oxidative stress and fibrosis were ameliorated, and renovascular endothelial function normalized both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Preservation of mitochondrial cardiolipin attenuated swine stenotic-kidney microvascular loss and injury, and improved renal oxygenation, haemodynamics, and function. These observations implicate mitochondrial damage in renal deterioration in chronic experimental ARVD, and position the mitochondria as a central therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
125
|
Zhu XY, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Concise review: mesenchymal stem cell treatment for ischemic kidney disease. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1731-6. [PMID: 23766020 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic kidney diseases are common clinical entities that bear high mortality and morbidity and may lead to irreversible loss of kidney function. Their pathophysiology is multifaceted, involves complex hormonal-immunological-cellular interactions, and leads to damage in multiple cell types, which is often resistant to conventional therapy. Thus, novel strategies are needed to repair the renal parenchyma and preserve kidney function. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) confer renal protection through paracrine/endocrine effects and to some degree possibly by direct engraftment. Their anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties target multiple cascades in the mechanisms of ischemic kidney disease. This review focuses on recent progress on the use of MSC to prevent kidney injury in ischemic kidney injury, with a focus on the chronic form.
Collapse
|