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GREENSPAN M, PURVIS JL. ENERGY-LINKED INCORPORATION OF DIPHOSPHOPYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE INTO RAT-LIVER MITOCHONDRIA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 99:191-4. [PMID: 14325948 DOI: 10.1016/s0926-6593(65)80026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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102
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MILLER LA, GOLDFEDER A. RADIOSENSITIVITY AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TWO TUMOR TYPES INDIGENOUS TO THE SAME HOST. IX. SWELLING PROPERTIES OF MITOCHONDRIA ISOLATED FROM MOUSE TUMOR AND LIVER TISSUE. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 1996; 119:759-63. [PMID: 14328997 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-119-30293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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103
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SIMS P. METABOLISM OF POLYCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. THE METABOLISM OF 1,4-EPOXY-1,4-DIHYDRONAPHTHALENE IN RATS. Biochem J 1996; 95:608-11. [PMID: 14342493 PMCID: PMC1206784 DOI: 10.1042/bj0950608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1. 1,4-Epoxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalene is converted by rats into 1,4:2,3-diepoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, which was isolated from the urine. The synthesis of the diepoxide is described. 2. The monoepoxide also yielded a compound that is believed to be 1,4-dihydro-1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene, but no corresponding mercapturic acid was detected. A number of unidentified metabolites of the monoepoxide were detected that appear to arise by the hydroxylation of the diepoxide. 3. The monoepoxide is converted into the diepoxide by a rat-liver microsomal system. 4. 1,4-Epoxy-1,4-dihydronaphthalene does not appear to be an intermediate in naphthalene metabolism.
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Abstract
1. Gramicidin caused H(+) production by liver mitochondria; this process was dependent on the presence of Na(+), Li(+), Rb(+) or Cs(+). In the presence of one of these alkali-metal ions and phosphate, gramicidin caused mitochondrial swelling and increased oxygen consumption. 2. Uncoupling agents, anaerobic conditions or respiratory inhibitors both inhibited and reversed H(+) production and swelling. Both these processes could be supported by coupled electron transport through even a restricted portion of the respiratory chain. 3. NH(4) (+) also caused stimulation of respiration in the presence of gramicidin. In this case phosphate was not required. NH(4) (+), in the presence of gramicidin, caused contraction of the mitochondria and a reversal of K(+)-induced swelling and H(+) production. 4. Uncoupling agents or NH(4) (+) together with gramicidin caused the release of Sr(2+) that had been accumulated by mitochondria in the presence of phosphate. 5. These results are discussed in relation to a postulated respiration-dependent H(+) pump located in the mitochondrial membrane. It is suggested that gramicidin allows alkali-metal ions to pass through the mitochondrial membrane.
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105
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BREWER DB, HEATH D. DEVELOPMENT OF SUCROSE VACUOLES FROM LIVER-CELL LYSOSOMES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 87:405-8. [PMID: 14137700 DOI: 10.1002/path.1700870220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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106
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DAVENPORT JB. SEPARATION OF SUBCELLULAR PARTICLES BY DENSITY-GRADIENT ELECTROPHORESIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 88:177-90. [PMID: 14203144 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6577(64)90164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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107
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GUILLORY RJ. THE ACTION OF DIO-9: AN INHIBITOR AND AN UNCOUPLER OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 89:197-207. [PMID: 14203167 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6569(64)90208-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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108
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TROTTER NL. A FINE STRUCTURE STUDY OF LIPID IN MOUSE LIVER REGENERATING AFTER PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 21:233-44. [PMID: 14153484 PMCID: PMC2106433 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.21.2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The fine structure of liver 3½ to 72 hours after partial hepatectomy has been compared with that of liver from sham-operated animals; all animals were 60- to 90-day old male mice of the C3H strain. Numerous small bodies with diameters ranging from 300 to 1,000 A have been observed distributed randomly throughout the cytoplasm of the hepatic parenchymal cells at early intervals after partial hepatectomy. In material fixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in methacrylate, they appear as uniformly electron-opaque bodies, but in permanganate-fixed liver, they display only a peripheral rim of electron-opaque material surrounding a clear core. Each of these cytoplasmic bodies appears to be located within a vesicle. A few of the opaque bodies are also present in sinusoids and in the spaces of Disse; these bodies are not located within vesicular structures. Fat droplets of various sizes are easily distinguished in regenerating liver; with the increase in number of these fat droplets at later postoperative intervals, there occurs a concomitant decrease in the number of cytoplasmic bodies. It is suggested that the cytoplasmic bodies contain some lipid component. Possible explanations of the origin, nature, and fate of the cytoplasmic bodies are discussed.
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109
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SCHUEL H, ANDERSON NG. STUDIES ON ISOLATED CELL COMPONENTS. XVI. THE DISTRIBUTION OF ACID PHENYL PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITIES IN RAT LIVER BREI FRACTIONATED IN THE ZONAL ULTRACENTRIFUGE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 21:309-23. [PMID: 14189908 PMCID: PMC2106375 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.21.3.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The zonal ultracentrifuge has been used to separate the major components of rat liver brei (soluble phase, ribosomes, microsomes, mitochondria, membranous fragments, and nuclei) during one centrifugation, by using a 1200 ml sucrose gradient varying linearly with radius from 17 to 55 per cent (w/w) with a "cushion" of 66 per cent sucrose at the rotor edge at speeds up to 30,000 RPM. Liver brei was found to contain a family of phosphatases (phenol disodium phosphate substrate, sodium malonate buffers and Turgitol NPX, a non-ionic detergent). Activity maxima at pH 4.1 and 5.9 were observed in untreated brei prepared in 0.25 M sucrose. The addition of the non-ionic detergent Turgitol NPX selectively caused the release of considerable additional activity between these optima. The activity measured at pH 4.1 was primarily associated with the cytoplasmic granules, while the activities at pH 4.8, 5.4 and 5.9 were found in both soluble phase and particulate-mitochondria and membranous fractions. The activities present beyond the region of the gradient occupied by the soluble phase (sample layer) were all bound to particles sedimentable at 105,536 g (average) in the preparative ultracentrifuge. The data suggest that the different activities are not similarly distributed between soluble phase and particulate fractions. When the data are expressed in terms of specific activity, the area in the gradient between the microsomes and mitochondria now appears richest in all the acid phenyl phosphatase activities measured, while the soluble phase and larger particulate fractions appear relatively poor in activity. This part of the gradient is occupied by small, dense granules which may be the so called lysosomes. Pretreatment of the brei with Turgitol NPX prior to fractionation in the zonal ultracentrifuge resulted in the solubilization of acid phenyl phosphatase activities (almost all the activity was in the sample zone of the gradient) and the non-specific destruction of the formed elements of the brei. Essentially all of the activities present in the original brei measured under these conditions were recovered after zonal ultracentrifuge fractionations.
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111
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BRESNICK E, YANG HY. THE INFLUENCE OF PHENOBARBITAL ADMINISTRATION UPON THE "SOLUBLE" NADP-REQUIRING ENZYMES IN LIVER. Biochem Pharmacol 1996; 13:497-505. [PMID: 14157612 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(64)90170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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112
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113
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NEBERT DW, MASON HS. A MICROSOMAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NORMAL LIVER AND "MINIMAL-DEVIATION" HEPATOMA 5123 DETECTABLE BY ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1996; 86:415-7. [PMID: 14171024 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(64)90076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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114
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LOEB LA, GELBOIN HV. METHYLCHOLANTHRENE-INDUCED CHANGES IN RAT LIVER NUCLEAR RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 52:1219-26. [PMID: 14231444 PMCID: PMC300426 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.52.5.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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115
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SAMARINA OP. THE DISTRIBUTION AND PROPERTIES OF CYTOPLASMIC DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID-LIKE RIBONUCLEIC ACID (MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC ACID). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 91:688-91. [PMID: 14262468 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6550(64)90031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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116
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SONE N, HAGIHARA B. INHIBITORY ACTION OF TRIALKYLTIN COMPOUNDS ON OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IN MITOCHONDRIA. J Biochem 1996; 56:151-6. [PMID: 14228485 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a127972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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117
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Abstract
Sustained contraction (dehydration) of rat liver mitochondria can be readily produced by increasing the tonicity of the outside media, provided Ca++ is removed by EDTA, fatty acids are removed by albumin, and a source of chemical energy (mitochondrial substrate or ATP) is present. This was demonstrated both gravimetrically and turbidimetrically. It was also demonstrated that the net movement of sucrose and H2O under altered conditions of tonicity in mitochondria was dependent on the state of the mitochondria; e.g., in the presence of EDTA, diffusion was blocked, both into and out of mitochondria, whereas, in the presence of EDTA and electron-transport substrates, movement of sucrose and water out of mitochondria was increased. In the presence of Ca++, gramicidin, or fatty acids, diffusion of sucrose into and out of mitochondria is very rapid. Mitochondria obey osmotic law only after Ca++ and fatty acids are removed from them.
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118
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HALLINAN T, MUNRO HN. A RAPID METHOD FOR PREPARING GRANULAR AND AGRANULAR ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND FREE RIBOSOMES FROM RAT LIVER. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 50:93-103. [PMID: 14286604 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.1965.sp001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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119
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HENLEY KS, LAUGHREY EG. MITOCHONDRIAL PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDES IN THE OXIDATION OF ISOCITRATE AND MALATE. Nature 1996; 205:707-8. [PMID: 14287419 DOI: 10.1038/205707a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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120
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121
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DAVID-FERREIRA JF, MANAKER RA. AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MOUSE HEPATITIS VIRUS IN TISSUE CULTURE CELLS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 24:57-78. [PMID: 14286297 PMCID: PMC2106561 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.24.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Samples taken at different intervals of time from suspension cultures of the NCTC 1469 line of mouse liver—derived (ML) cells infected with a mouse hepatitis virus have been studied with the electron microscope. The experiments revealed that the viruses are incorporated into the cells by viropexis within 1 hour after being added to the culture. An increasing number of particles are found later inside dense cytoplasmic corpuscles similar to lysosomes. In the cytoplasm of the cells from the samples taken 7 hours after inoculation, two organized structures generally associated and never seen in the controls are observed: one consists of dense material arranged in a reticular disposition (reticular inclusion); the other is formed by small tubules organized in a complex pattern (tubular body). No evidence has been found concerning their origin. Their significance is discussed. With the progression of the infection a system of membrane-bounded tubules and cisternae is differentiated in the cytoplasm of the ML cells. In the lumen of these tubules or cisternae, which are occupied by a dense material, numerous virus particles are observed. The virus particles which originate in association with the limiting membranes of tubules and cisternae are released into their lumen by a "budding" process. The virus particles are 75 mµ in diameter and possess a nucleoid constituted of dense particles or rods limiting an electron transparent core. The virus limiting membrane is sometimes covered by an outer layer of a dense material. In the cells from the samples taken 14 to 20 hours after inoculation, larger zones of the cell cytoplasm are occupied by inclusion bodies formed by channels or cisternae with their lumens containing numerous virus particles. In the samples taken 20 hours or more after the inoculation numerous cells show evident signs of degeneration.
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122
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TEDESCHI H, JAMES JM, ANTHONY W. PHOTOMETRIC EVIDENCE FOR THE OSMOTIC BEHAVIOR OF RAT LIVER MICROSOMES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 18:503-13. [PMID: 14064105 PMCID: PMC2106319 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.18.3.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electron microscope observations are consistent with the interpretation that the elements of the endoplasmic reticulum are osmotically active in situ as well as after isolation. More recently, it has been reported that microsomal suspensions equilibrate almost completely with added C14-sucrose and that no osmotic behavior is evident from photometric data. These findings were considered at variance with the electron microscope data. However, equilibration with added label simply attests to a relatively high permeability, and, in addition, the photometric data need not be critical. Osmotic volume changes, measured photometrically, may be masked by concomitant events (e.g., changes in the refractive index of the test solutions at varying osmotic pressures, breakdown of the particles, and agglutination). For these reasons the photometric experiments were repeated. In this work, the reciprocal of optical density of microsomal suspensions was found to vary linearly with the reciprocal of concentration of the medium at constant refractive index. These changes probably correspond to osmotic volume changes, since the effect was found to be (a) independent of substance used and (b) osmotically reversible. The transmission of the suspension was found to vary with the refractive index of the medium, the concentration of particles, and the wavelength of incident light, according to relationships that are similar to or identical with those obtained for mitochondrial suspensions.
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123
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QUAGLIARIELLO E, PAPA S, SACCONE C, PALMIERI F, FRANCAVILLA A. THE OXIDATION OF GLUTAMATE BY RAT-LIVER MITOCHONDRIA. Biochem J 1996; 95:742-8. [PMID: 14342510 PMCID: PMC1206801 DOI: 10.1042/bj0950742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1. In rat-liver mitochondria both the dehydrogenase and transaminase routes participate in glutamate oxidation. However, the rate of ammonia production by the dehydrogenase pathway progressively decreases with the time of incubation. 2. Glutamate deamination is stimulated by blocking the transaminase pathway with arsenite or malonate. On the other hand, this process is completely suppressed by succinate, malate, pyruvate and oxaloacetate. Succinate and pyruvate inhibit, whereas malate and oxaloacetate stimulate, aspartate formation. 3. Glutamate deamination increases with increasing concentrations of 2,4-dinitrophenol from 0.05 to 0.2mm, and then becomes inhibited, together with the rate of oxygen consumption. Aspartate formation is progressively inhibited with increasing 2,4-dinitrophenol concentration from 0.05 to 0.8mm. In the presence of 0.20mm-2,4-dinitrophenol the rate of ammonia production is higher than in the presence of phosphate acceptors and decreases much slower and linearly with the time of incubation. 4. The addition of NAD(+) enhances glutamate deamination without affecting oxygen uptake.
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ROODYN DB, FREEMAN KB, TATA JR. THE STIMULATION BY TREATMENT IN VIVO WITH TRI-IODOTHYRONINE OF AMINO ACID INCORPORATION INTO PROTEIN BY ISOLATED RAT-LIVER MITOCHONDRIA. Biochem J 1996; 94:628-41. [PMID: 14340053 PMCID: PMC1206597 DOI: 10.1042/bj0940628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
1. Normal and thyroidectomized rats were treated with near-physiological doses of tri-iodothyronine. Liver mitochondria were isolated and incubated with radioactive amino acids. In normal rats tri-iodothyronine caused only a slight stimulation of incorporation into mitochondrial protein, but in thyroidectomized animals the incorporation was doubled. 2. There was a lag period of about 36 hr. after injection and the maximum effect was observed after 2 days. 3. Direct addition of tri-iodothyronine to the incubation medium had no effect on mitochondrial incorporation. 4. The incorporation was not due to bacterial, nuclear, lysosomal or microsomal contamination and the labelled particles had sedimentation properties identical with those of mitochondria, as followed by suitable enzyme markers. 5. Thyroid hormone treatment did not cause any marked alterations in the pattern of labelling of submitochondrial fractions and in all cases the most radioactive protein was in an insoluble lipid-rich fraction. The amino acid compositions of the total mitochondrial protein and the more radioactive lipoprotein were also unaltered. 6. Increases in the content of RNA and various cytochromes per mg. of mitochondrial protein were observed after treatment with tri-iodothyronine. These occurred slightly later than the stimulation of amino acid incorporation. 7. No uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation was observed and the ATP production per mg. of mitochondrial protein increased. 8. It was concluded that tri-iodothyronine stimulated amino acid incorporation into mitochondrial protein and that the result is consistent with the view that treatment with thyroid hormone results in an enhanced selective synthesis of mitochondrial respiratory units.
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SLATER EC, KEMP A, TAGER JM. UTILIZATION OF HIGH-ENERGY INTERMEDIATES OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION AND THE PROPOSED FUNCTION OF IMIDAZOLE PHOSPHATE AS AN INTERMEDIATE IN OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION. Nature 1996; 201:781-4. [PMID: 14161201 DOI: 10.1038/201781a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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