101
|
Abdel-Latif M, Sakran T, Badawi YK, Abdel-Hady DS. Influence of Moringa oleifera extract, vitamin C, and sodium bicarbonate on heat stress-induced HSP70 expression and cellular immune response in rabbits. Cell Stress Chaperones 2018; 23:975-984. [PMID: 29728855 PMCID: PMC6111078 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to test the effect of Moringa oleifera extract (MOE), vitamin (Vit) C, and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on heat stress (HS)-induced alterations in rabbits. Five groups of rabbits were designed as control, HS, HS + MOE, HS + Vit C, and HS + NaHCO3. HS groups were exposed to high temperatures, while treatments were given in drinking water for 6 weeks. Levels of blood cortisol, leptin, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 were assayed using ELISA, while adrenaline was assayed calorimetrically. Expression of HSP70, FOXP3, T cell receptor (TCR) γ, and δ mRNA was tested using real-time (RT)-PCR, while HSP70 protein expression was tested using western blotting in liver and kidney tissues. Infiltration of regulatory T cells (Treg; CD25+) and NK (CD56+) cells were tested using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The levels of liver enzymes (ALT & AST), urea, and creatinine were assayed calorimetrically, while body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. The results showed increased levels of cortisol, adrenaline, leptin, IFN-γ, TNF-α, ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine but decreased IL-10 in the HS group. Increased expression of HSP70 on both mRNA and protein levels was associated with increased NK and γδ T cells versus decreased Treg cell infiltration in liver and kidney tissues of the HS group. In the same group, BWG was decreased, while FCR was increased with respect to the control group. All treatments used in this study reversed the effects of HS significantly. In conclusion, MOE, Vit C, and NaHCO3 can be added to rabbit diets for the amelioration of HS-induced symptoms.
Collapse
|
102
|
Lee SW, Park HJ, Van Kaer L, Hong S, Hong S. Graphene oxide polarizes iNKT cells for production of TGFβ and attenuates inflammation in an iNKT cell-mediated sepsis model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10081. [PMID: 29973666 PMCID: PMC6031608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) modulates the functions of antigen-presenting cells including dendritic cells (DCs). Although carbon nanotubes affect expression of the MHC class I-like CD1d molecule, whether GO can influence immune responses of CD1d-dependent invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells remains unclear. Here, we investigated the impact of GO on inflammatory responses mediated by α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), an iNKT cell agonist. We found that in vivo GO treatment substantially inhibited the capacity of α-GalCer to induce the iNKT cell-mediated trans-activation of and cytokine production by innate and innate-like cells, including DCs, macrophages, NK cells, and γδ T cells. Such effects of GO on α-GalCer-induced inflammatory responses closely correlated with iNKT cell polarization towards TGFβ production, which also explains the capacity of GO to expand regulatory T cells. Interestingly, the absence of TLR4, a receptor for GO, failed to downregulate, and instead partially enhanced the anti-inflammatory activity of GO against α-GalCer-elicited responses, implying negative effects of TLR4 signaling on the anti-inflammatory properties of GO. By employing an α-GalCer-induced sepsis model, we further demonstrated that GO treatment significantly protected mice from α-GalCer-induced lethality. Taken together, we provide strong evidence that GO holds promise as an adjuvant to modulate iNKT cell responses for immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
103
|
Xenakis JJ, Howard ED, Smith KM, Olbrich CL, Huang Y, Anketell D, Maldonado S, Cornwell EW, Spencer LA. Resident intestinal eosinophils constitutively express antigen presentation markers and include two phenotypically distinct subsets of eosinophils. Immunology 2018; 154:298-308. [PMID: 29281125 PMCID: PMC5980140 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal eosinophils are implicated in homeostatic and disease-associated processes, yet the phenotype of intestinal tissue-dwelling eosinophils is poorly defined and their roles in intestinal health or disease remain enigmatic. Here we probed the phenotype and localization of eosinophils constitutively homed to the small intestine of naive mice at baseline, and of antigen-sensitized mice following intestinal challenge. Eosinophils homed to the intestinal lamina propria of naive mice were phenotypically distinguished from autologous blood eosinophils, and constitutively expressed antigen-presenting cell markers, suggesting that intestinal eosinophils, unlike blood eosinophils, may be primed for antigen presentation. We further identified a previously unrecognized resident population of CD11chi eosinophils that are recovered with intraepithelial leucocytes, and that are phenotypically distinct from both lamina propria and blood eosinophils. To better visualize intestinal eosinophils in situ, we generated eosinophil reporter mice wherein green fluorescent protein expression is targeted to both granule-delimiting and plasma membranes. Analyses of deconvolved fluorescent z-section image stacks of intestinal tissue sections from eosinophil reporter mice revealed eosinophils within intestinal villi exhibited dendritic morphologies with cellular extensions that often contacted the basement membrane. Using an in vivo model of antigen acquisition in antigen-sensitized mice, we demonstrate that both lamina propria-associated and intraepithelium-associated eosinophils encounter, and are competent to acquire, lumen-derived antigen. Taken together these data provide new foundational insights into the organization and functional potential of intestinal tissue-dwelling eosinophils, including the recognition of different subsets of resident intestinal eosinophils, and constitutive expression of antigen-presenting cell markers.
Collapse
|
104
|
Van Acker HH, Campillo-Davo D, Roex G, Versteven M, Smits EL, Van Tendeloo VF. The role of the common gamma-chain family cytokines in γδ T cell-based anti-cancer immunotherapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 41:54-64. [PMID: 29773448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines of the common gamma-chain receptor family, comprising interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15 and IL-21, are vital with respect to organizing and sustaining healthy immune cell functions. Supporting the anti-cancer immune response, these cytokines inspire great interest for their use as vaccine adjuvants and cancer immunotherapies. It is against this background that gamma delta (γδ) T cells, as special-force soldiers and natural contributors of the tumor immunosurveillance, also received a lot of attention the last decade. As γδ T cell-based cancer trials are coming of age, this present review focusses on the effects of the different cytokines of the common gamma-chain receptor family on γδ T cells with respect to boosting γδ T cells as a therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy. This review also gathers data that IL-15 in particular exhibits key features for augmenting the anti-tumor activity of effector killer γδ T cells whilst overcoming the myriad of immune escape mechanisms used by cancer cells.
Collapse
|
105
|
McCarthy NE, Eberl M. Human γδ T-Cell Control of Mucosal Immunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:985. [PMID: 29867962 PMCID: PMC5949325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human γδ T-cells include some of the most common "antigen-specific" cell types in peripheral blood and are enriched yet further at mucosal barrier sites where microbial infection and tumors often originate. While the γδ T-cell compartment includes multiple subsets with highly flexible effector functions, human mucosal tissues are dominated by host stress-responsive Vδ1+ T-cells and microbe-responsive Vδ2+ T-cells. Widely recognized for their potent cytotoxicity, emerging data suggest that γδ T-cells also exert strong influences on downstream adaptive immunity to pathogens and tumors, in particular via activation of antigen-presenting cells and/or direct stimulation of other mucosal leukocytes. These unique functional attributes and lack of MHC restriction have prompted considerable interest in therapeutic targeting of γδ T-cells. Indeed, several drugs already in clinical use, including vedolizumab, infliximab, and azathioprine, likely owe their efficacy in part to modulation of γδ T-cell function. Recent clinical trials of Vδ2+ T-cell-selective treatments indicate a good safety profile in human patients, and efficacy is set to increase as more potent/targeted drugs continue to be developed. Key advances will include identifying methods of directing γδ T-cell recruitment to specific tissues to enhance host protection against invading pathogens, or alternatively, retaining these cells in the circulation to limit peripheral inflammation and/or improve responses to blood malignancies. Human γδ T-cell control of mucosal immunity is likely exerted via multiple mechanisms that induce diverse responses in other types of tissue-resident leukocytes. Understanding the microenvironmental signals that regulate these functions will be critical to the development of new γδ T-cell-based therapies.
Collapse
|
106
|
Yoon CH, Lee D, Jeong HJ, Ryu JS, Kim MK. Distribution of Interleukin-22-secreting Immune Cells in Conjunctival Associated Lymphoid Tissue. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2018; 32:147-153. [PMID: 29560621 PMCID: PMC5906400 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2017.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin (IL)-22 is a cytokine involved in epithelial cell regeneration. Currently, no research studies have analyzed the distribution of the three distinct IL-22-secreting cell populations in human or mouse conjunctiva. This study investigated the distribution of the three main populations of IL-22-secreting immune cells, αβ Th cells, γδ T cells, or innate cells (innate lymphoid cells [ILCs] or natural killer cells), in conjunctival associated lymphoid tissues (CALTs) in human and mouse models. METHODS We collected discarded cadaveric bulbar conjunctival tissue specimens after preservation of the corneo-limbal tissue for keratoplasty from four enucleated eyes of the domestic donor. The bulbar conjunctiva tissue, including the cornea from normal (n = 27) or abraded (n = 4) B6 mice, were excised and pooled in RPMI 1640 media. After the lymphoid cells were gated in forward and side scattering, the αβ Th cells, γδ T cells, or innate lymphoid cells were positively or negatively gated using anti-CD3, anti-γδ TCR, and anti-IL-22 antibodies, with a FACSCanto flow cytometer. RESULTS In normal human conjunctiva, the percentage and number of cells were highest in αβ Th cells, followed by γδ T cells and CD3- γδ TCR- IL-22+ innate cells (presumed ILCs, pILCs) (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.012). In normal mice keratoconjunctiva, the percentage and total number were highest in γδ T cells, followed by αβ Th cells and pILCs (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.0004); in corneal abraded mice, the population of αβ Th cells and pILCs tended to increase. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that three distinctive populations of IL-22-secreting immune cells are present in CALTs of both humans and mice, and the proportions of IL-22+αβ Th cells, γδ T cells, and pILCs in CALTs in humans might be differently distributed from those in normal mice.
Collapse
|
107
|
Olivares-Villagómez D, Van Kaer L. Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes: Sentinels of the Mucosal Barrier. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:264-275. [PMID: 29221933 PMCID: PMC8056148 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are a large and diverse population of lymphoid cells that reside between the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) that form the intestinal mucosal barrier. Although IEL biology has traditionally focused on T cells, recent studies have identified several subsets of T cell receptor (TCR)-negative IELs with intriguing properties. New insight into the development, homeostasis, and functions of distinct IEL subsets has recently been provided. Additional studies have revealed intricate interactions between different IEL subsets, reciprocal interactions between IELs and IECs, and communication of IELs with immune cells that reside outside the intestinal epithelium. We review here sentinel functions of IELs in the maintenance of the mucosal barrier integrity, as well as how dysregulated IEL responses can contribute to pathology.
Collapse
|
108
|
Dillen CA, Pinsker BL, Marusina AI, Merleev AA, Farber ON, Liu H, Archer NK, Lee DB, Wang Y, Ortines RV, Lee SK, Marchitto MC, Cai SS, Ashbaugh AG, May LS, Holland SM, Freeman AF, Miller LG, Yeaman MR, Simon SI, Milner JD, Maverakis E, Miller LS. Clonally expanded γδ T cells protect against Staphylococcus aureus skin reinfection. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1026-1042. [PMID: 29400698 PMCID: PMC5824877 DOI: 10.1172/jci96481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that mediate durable protection against Staphylococcus aureus skin reinfections are unclear, as recurrences are common despite high antibody titers and memory T cells. Here, we developed a mouse model of S. aureus skin reinfection to investigate protective memory responses. In contrast with WT mice, IL-1β-deficient mice exhibited poor neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance during primary infection that was rescued during secondary S. aureus challenge. The γδ T cells from skin-draining LNs utilized compensatory T cell-intrinsic TLR2/MyD88 signaling to mediate rescue by trafficking and producing TNF and IFN-γ, which restored neutrophil recruitment and promoted bacterial clearance. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of the LNs revealed a clonotypic S. aureus-induced γδ T cell expansion with a complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) aa sequence identical to that of invariant Vγ5+ dendritic epidermal T cells. However, this T cell receptor γ (TRG) aa sequence of the dominant CDR3 sequence was generated from multiple gene rearrangements of TRGV5 and TRGV6, indicating clonotypic expansion. TNF- and IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells were also expanded in peripheral blood of IRAK4-deficient humans no longer predisposed to S. aureus skin infections. Thus, clonally expanded γδ T cells represent a mechanism for long-lasting immunity against recurrent S. aureus skin infections.
Collapse
|
109
|
Rusk RA, Palmer MV, Waters WR, McGill JL. Measuring bovine γδ T cell function at the site of Mycobacterium bovis infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 193-194:38-49. [PMID: 29129226 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine γδ T cells are amongst the first cells to accumulate at the site of Mycobacterium bovis infection; however, their role in the developing lesion remains unclear. We utilized transcriptomics analysis, in situ hybridization, and a macrophage/γδ T cell co-culture system to elucidate the role of γδ T cells in local immunity to M. bovis infection. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that γδ T cells upregulated expression of several novel, immune-associated genes in response to stimulation with M. bovis antigen. BCG-infected macrophage/γδ T cell co-cultures confirmed the results of our RNAseq analysis, and revealed that γδ T cells from M. bovis-infected animals had a significant impact on bacterial viability. Analysis of γδ T cells within late-stage M. bovis granulomas revealed significant expression of IFN-γ and CCL2, but not IL-10, IL-22, or IL-17. Our results suggest γδ T cells influence local immunity to M. bovis through cytokine secretion and direct effects on bacterial burden.
Collapse
|
110
|
Saborido R, Martinón N, Regueiro A, Crujeiras V, Eiras P, Leis R. Intraepithelial lymphocyte immunophenotype: a useful tool in the diagnosis of celiac disease. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 74:153-158. [PMID: 28815514 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
According to new ESPGHAN guidelines, gluten challenge is considered necessary when there is doubt about the initial diagnosis of celiac disease (CD). The main aim of this study was to quantify intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) immunophenotype on celiac patients on gluten-containing diet (GCD) compared to those on gluten-free diet (GFD). Another aim was to evaluate the clinical utility of IELs in the CD diagnosis, especially in selected patients on GFD where diagnostic uncertainty remains. IEL immunophenotype (TCRγδ and NK-like IELs) were studied by flow cytometry in 111 children with CD (81 children with CD on GCD and 30 celiac patients on GFD) and a control group (10 children). Duration of GFD was 5.4 ± 1.6 years. TCRγδ IELs in celiac patients receiving a GCD or GFD were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in the control group. NK-like IELs in patients receiving a GCD or GFD were significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.001). We observed a permanent decrease of NK-like IELs and an increment of TCRγδ IELs after following an adequate establishment and compliance of a long-term GFD in celiac patients. Recognition of IELs changes in the intestinal mucosa on celiac patients after long-term establishment of a GFD could constitute a useful tool for CD diagnosis in various situations: in which there is doubt about the initial diagnosis and repeat biopsy is necessary (avoiding the need of gluten challenges), and in those patients with symptoms/signs suggestive of CD who maintain a low gluten diet.
Collapse
|
111
|
Sang LX, Chang B, Zhu JF, Yang FL, Li Y, Jiang XF, Wang DN, Lu CL, Sun X. Sodium selenite ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced chronic colitis in mice by decreasing Th1, Th17, and γδT and increasing CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cell responses. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3850-3863. [PMID: 28638225 PMCID: PMC5467071 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i21.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the effect of sodium selenite on the severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice.
METHODS Mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10/group): normal group, selenium (Se) group, chronic colitis group, and Se + chronic colitis group. The mice were sacrificed on day 26. Survival rates, clinical symptoms, colon length, and histological changes were determined. The percentages and absolute numbers of immune system cells in the lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) of the colon, the expression of mRNA in colon tissue, and the concentrations of Th1, Th17, and Treg cytokines in LPL from the large intestine, were measured.
RESULTS Se significantly ameliorated the symptoms of colitis and histological injury (P < 0.05 each), increasing the proportions of neutrophils and CD4+ CD25+ T cells (P < 0.05 each) and decreasing the proportions of γδT cells, CD4+, CD4+CD44+, and CD4+ CD69+ T cells in LPL (P < 0.05 each). Moreover, Se reduced the expression of IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-21, T-bet, and RORγt (P < 0.05 each), but enhanced the expression of IL-10 and Foxp3 (P < 0.05 each).
CONCLUSION These results suggest that Se protects against DSS-induced chronic colitis perhaps by increasing the number of CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs that suppress the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and populations of Th1, Th17, and γδT cells.
Collapse
|
112
|
Das I, Padhi A, Mukherjee S, Dash DP, Kar S, Sonawane A. Biocompatible chitosan nanoparticles as an efficient delivery vehicle for Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipids to induce potent cytokines and antibody response through activation of γδ T cells in mice. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:165101. [PMID: 28206982 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa60fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The activation of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is critical for protection against the pathogen and nanoparticle-mediated delivery of antigens is a more potent way to induce different immune responses. Herein, we show that mice immunized with Mtb lipid-bound chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) induce secretion of prominent type-1 T-helper (Th-1) and type-2 T-helper (Th-2) cytokines in lymph node and spleen cells, and also induces significantly higher levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG2 and IgM in comparison to control mice. Furthermore, significantly enhanced γδ-T-cell activation was observed in lymph node cells isolated from mice immunized with Mtb lipid-coated chitosan NPs as compared to mice immunized with chitosan NPs alone or Mtb lipid liposomes. In comparison to CD8+ cells, significantly higher numbers of CD4+ cells were present in both the lymph node and spleen cells isolated from mice immunized with Mtb lipid-coated chitosan NPs. In conclusion, this study represents a promising new strategy for the efficient delivery of Mtb lipids using chitosan NPs to trigger an enhanced cell-mediated and antibody response against Mtb lipids.
Collapse
|
113
|
Zhang S, Kan X, Li Y, Li P, Zhang C, Li G, Du J, You B. Deficiency of γδT cells protects against abdominal aortic aneurysms by regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT signaling. J Vasc Surg 2016; 67:899-908.e1. [PMID: 28024851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.03.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is known that T lymphocytes are activated in human abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). γδT cells, as a subset of T cells, play a role in many inflammation-related diseases. However, whether γδT cells participate in the formation of AAA remains unknown. In this study, we explored the role of γδT cells in AAA lesions. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the porcine pancreatic elastase-induced AAA model, we found that knock out of γδT cells significantly attenuated AAA formation. To elucidate how γδT cells contribute to AAA, microarray analysis was performed, which found that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway was activated in elastase-perfused γδT knockout (γδT KO) mice. By studying differentially expressed genes involved in phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling, we found that proliferation-related genes (Sos1, Mtor, Myc) were upregulated whereas apoptosis-related genes (Pten, Bcl1, Bad) were downregulated in elastase-perfused γδT KO mice. Furthermore, histopathologic analysis showed increased PCNA+ and decreased TUNEL+ cells in elastase-perfused γδT KO mice compared with wild-type mice. In addition, inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β, Mcp-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α were downregulated in the aneurysm tissues of elastase-perfused γδT KO mice. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal a pathogenic role of γδT cells in the experimental AAA model, likely through mechanisms regulating cell proliferation and mediating inflammatory response. Thus, targeting of γδT cells may offer a potential therapeutic method for aortic aneurysms.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/enzymology
- Aorta, Abdominal/immunology
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/enzymology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/immunology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Apoptosis
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Intraepithelial Lymphocytes/immunology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Pancreatic Elastase
- Phenotype
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/deficiency
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling
Collapse
|