[Autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood after open heart operation]

This prospective study was designed to determine whether the autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood (ATS) after open heart surgery is safe and effective. Forty-two patients undergoing cardiac operation were randomized to receive either nonwashed shed mediastinal blood (group 1; n = 22) or banked blood (group 2: n = 20). No difference in mean age (group 1: 49 +/- 11 years; group 2: 45 +/- 12 years), coronary artery bypass grafting (group 1: n = 5, 23%; group 2: n = 6, 30%), valve replacement (group 1: n = 17, 77%, group 2: n = 14, 70%), and mean preoperative hemoglobin level (group 1: 13.7 +/- 2.3, group 2: 14.4 +/- 1.6) was noted between non-ATS and ATS groups (p = not significant). The mean hemoglobin levels after operation were similar in the two groups (group 1: 11.89 +/- 1.52; group 2: 12.03 +/- 1.34). No difference in the mean blood loss 4, 6 and 24 hours after operation (group 1: 33 +/- 190, 420 +/- 340 and 550 +/- 300; group 2: 340 +/- 230, 420 +/- 280 and 670 +/- 380) was observed between the two groups. The mean volume autotransfused in group I was 380 +/- 230 ml (200 approximately 1300 ml). In group I, the patients required bank blood 1080 +/- 720, compared with 1780 +/- 1045 in group II. The bank blood requirement in group I reducted by 40%. These data demonstrate that ATS after open heart surgery is safe and effective.

Heterocyclic amines: evaluation of their role in diet associated human cancer

1. Heterocyclic amines are formed in parts per billion levels when meat is cooked. 2. The heterocyclic amines MeIQx and PhIP are efficiently absorbed into the systemic circulation after ingestion of cooked food. 3. We have shown that MeIQx and PhIP, both in vitro and in vivo, are substrates for human hepatic CYP1A2, which exclusively and efficiently catalyses their conversion to genotoxic hydroxylamines. 4. MeIQx and PhIP are promutagens. MeIQx is a very powerful bacterial mutagen whereas PhIP is a more potent mammalian cell mutagen. Using a mammalian cell target gene, hprt, we have shown that PhIP induces a characteristic mutational 'fingerprint'. 5. MeIQx and PhIP are carcinogenic in bioassays. The PhIP mutational 'fingerprint' has been detected in the Apc gene of 5/8 colonic tumours induced by PhIP in rats.

Treatment of old mice with IL-2 corrects dysregulated IL-2 and IL-4 production

Splenic T cells from old BALB/c mice, activated in vitro with antibody to CD3epsilon, secrete more IL-4 but less IL-2 than splenic T cells from young mice. The age-associated increase in IL-4 secretion is associated with a significantly increased concentration of intracellular IL-4 and its mRNA, although there is no increase in the number of activated T cells with intracellular IL-4. In contrast, the age-associated decrease in IL-2 secretion is associated with a significant decrease in the number of activated T cells with intracellular IL-2. In vivo there is a similar age-associated change in the number of activated T cells with detectable cytokine. The number of activated T cells with intracellular IL-4 is comparable in old and young mice, while the number of activated T cells with intracellular IL-2 is significantly decreased in old compared with young mice. Of great interest is the fact that old mice continuously exposed to IL-2 in vivo following the transplantation of J558 cells expressing the transfected IL-2 gene product have an increased number of splenic T cells with intracellular IL-2 that equals the level of such cells observed in young mice. Most important, the effect of continuous IL-2 administration in vivo was stable as spleen cells from old, IL-2-treated mice when stimulated in vitro with anti-CD3epsilon had a young-like pattern of both intracellular IL-2 and IL-4 expression as well as IL-2 and IL-4 secretion following in vitro activation. Thus, it appears that exposure of old mice to exogenous IL-2 can redress the age-associated imbalance in cytokine expression in vivo and cytokine secretion in vitro.

Developmental changes in hepatic activation of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline in rabbit

MeIQx, a potent bacterial mutagen formed when meat is cooked, requires metabolic activation to exert its genotoxicity, a reaction catalysed primarily by CYP1A2 in adult mammals. Little is known about mammalian developmental changes in the mutagneic activation of compounds such as MeIQx. In rabbits we have shown previously that expression of CYP1A2 increases with age and is inducible by 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) from as early as 4 days pre-parturition. We have therefore investigated the effect of age on rabbit liver activation of MeIQx (assessed in an Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98) before and after treatment of the animals with MC. MeIQx activation could not be detected using hepatic microsomal fractions from rabbits of <17 days of age. Thereafter activation increased with age to peak in weanling animals. Following MC treatment MeIQx activation was increased, being detectable in samples from rabbits as young as 9-11 days. The inducibility of MeIQx activation increased with age, reaching a plateau between 17 and 35 days. These rates of activation were broadly parallel to the changes in CYP1A2 specific content. These results indicate that the ability of rabbit liver to activate MeIQx is dependent on CYP1A2 activity, the expression of which is developmentally regulated. Although it has been established that human activation of MeIQx is also CYP1A2 dependent, whether a similar situation exists in infant humans has yet to be determined, although there is evidence that CYP1A2-dependent activity reaches a peak in late childhood.

Pentapeptides from the roots of Aster tataricus

Asterinin D and E, pentapeptides, have been isolated from the roots of Aster tataricus L.f. (Compositae, syn. Asteraceae, subtribe Asteroideae) and their structures have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, as well as chemical and enzymatic methods.

Progestin represses human connexin43 gene expression similarly in primary cultures of myometrial and uterine leiomyoma cells

The mechanism by which progestin represses the expression of the human connexin43 (cx43) gene was analyzed in primary cultures of human myometrial cells, and for comparison, in primary cultures of uterine leiomyoma cells. Within 24 h, the levels of connexin43 (Cx43) protein in primary cells treated with progestin were reduced to about 50% of that in untreated cells, and these levels were maintained for up to 120 h. A plateau in the reduction of Cx43 protein levels was reached at progestin concentrations of 50-100 nM. No significant difference was found in a comparison of progestin-mediated reduction of Cx43 protein in autologous myometrial and leiomyoma primary cultures. Levels of cx43 mRNA levels also decreased to about 50% in myometrial and leiomyoma cells within hours after treatment with progestin, and these new levels were maintained for up to 48 h. Nuclear run-on transcription analysis showed that 100 nM progestin partially repressed transcription of the cx43 gene in both myometrial and leiomyoma primary cultures. The amount of decrease in cx43 transcription in cells treated with progestin was paralleled by a corresponding decrease in cytoplasmic cx43 mRNA levels. Progesterone receptor (PR)-mediated transcription was also determined to be similar in the two types of primary cells as evidenced by transient expression assays. Thus progestin down-regulates the expression of the human cx43 gene primarily by repressing transcription of the gene in myometrial cells, and it acts similarly in leiomyoma cells.

Binding of matrix attachment regions to nuclear lamin is mediated by the rod domain and depends on the lamin polymerization state

The nuclear matrix maintains specific interactions with genomic DNA at sites known as matrix attachment regions (M/SARs). M/SARs bind in vitro to lamin polymers. We show that the polymerized alpha-helical rod domain of lamin Dm0 provides by itself the specific binding to the ftz M/SAR. In contrast, unpolymerized rod domain does not bind specifically to this M/SAR. Non-specific binding to DNA is also observed with Dm0 containing a point mutation that impairs its ability to polymerize or with the isolated tail domain. These data suggest that the specific binding of lamins to M/SARs requires the rod domain and depends on the lamin polymerization state.

[Nosocomial transmission of Helicobacter pylori through fiberoptic gastroscopy]

The relationship of nosocomial transmission of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) by fiberoptic gastroscopy was investigated. Hp was cultured from the materials obtained from the suction/biopsy channel (4/12 times) and biopsy forceps (3/10 times). The positive rate of Hp was increased with times undertaking endoscopy in the past in elder patients with chronic gastritis. The rate from Hp negative transforming into positive also increased with the times of receiving endoscopic follow-up in the past in patients with Hp negative chronic gastritis. The average age of Hp positive patients were older in those patients under follow-up studies than that in randomly age-matched normal or chronic gastritis controls. The results suggested that the contamination of gastroscopic equipment played a potential role as vehicle causing nosocomial infection of Hp. The risks of Hp transmission correlated with times of undertaking endoscopy, especially in the elderly.

New pentapeptides from Aster tataricus

Three pentapeptides have been isolated from the roots of Aster tataricus and their structures elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis as well as chemical and enzymatic methods.

Visualization of chromosomal domains with boundary element-associated factor BEAF-32

We have purified two proteins from Drosophila that bind to the scs' boundary element of the hsp70 domain at locus 87A7. Their palindromic binding sites (CGATA-TATCG) symmetrically abut the previously mapped hypersensitive site of scs'. We have cloned a cDNA for one of these proteins, BEAF-32 (boundary element-associated factor of 32 kDa). It encodes a novel protein that is bound to scs' but not scs in vivo. Immunostaining localizes BEAF to hundreds of interbands and many puff boundaries on polytene chromosomes, suggesting that a chromosomal domain consists of a band (or puff) and part of the flanking interbands. Enhancer blocking assays implicate the palindromic binding site in boundary function. The lack of enhancer blocking in transiently transfected cells suggests an involvement of chromatin, nuclear structure, or both in boundary function.

[Chemical constituents of Euphorbia nematocypha Hand.-Mazz]

Four compounds were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia nematocypha. Three of them were identified as A'-neogammacer-22(29)-en-3 beta-ol (18 beta.21 alpha) (II), jolkinolide E (III) and beta-sitoesterol (IV). Among them, II was obtained from the genus Euphorbia and III from this plant for the first time.

[Taxonomic studies on original plants of radix Euphorbiae ebracteolatae]

It has been discovered through investigation across the country that, thus far, the Radix Euphorbiae Ebracteolatae is derived from 12 species (varieties, forms) of 3 families. Their classification characters are discussed and a key is given in this paper.

Functional superficial parotidectomy

PURPOSE

To clinically test a new type of parotid surgery termed functional superficial parotidectomy (FSP) to preserve the function of the residual gland.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Sixteen human parotid specimens were dissected, and 19 patients underwent FSP.

RESULTS

It was shown that 91.4% of the main parotid ducts were found deep to the surface of the facial nerve. Physical examination, sialography, and scintigraphy showed that function of the residual gland was well preserved by FSP.

CONCLUSION

A comparison of the main complications between FSP and conservative superficial parotidectomy showed a significant decrease (P < .01) of Frey's syndrome with FSP.

[The prognostic implication of determination of activation of leucocyte in severe burns]

Using NBT test, the relationship between the percentage change of activated neutrophils with the survival time of animals after severe burns was observed. The results showed that the NBT positive rate of neutrophils increased markedly after burn, and the NBT positive rate at 5 h postburn was negatively related to the survival time of burned animals. Continuous monitoring of neutrophil indicated that if the NBT positive rate after burn remained in the normal range, or increased initially to high level and then decreased to lower than normal, the survival time was longer. However, if the NBT positive rate increased continuously after burn, the survival time was shorter. Therefore, continuous assay of neutrophil activation with NBT is an important index for the prognosis of severe burns. Lowering of NBT positive rate was observed in rats treated with polygonum cuspidatum, and these rats lived much longer than those without the treatment.

Metabolism of the food derived mutagen and carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine (PhIP) by human liver microsomes

Animal studies have shown that 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine (PhIP) undergoes both activation to a genotoxic metabolite and detoxication, catalysed by CYP enzymes. In this study, using direct chemical analysis, we have examined PhIP metabolism by the microsomal fraction of human liver for comparison to that occurring in animals. PhIP was incubated with human liver microsomes in the presence of an NADPH regenerating system and the reaction mixture then analyzed by HPLC. Only one metabolite, identified as N-hydroxy PhIP, was produced. The N-hydroxylation of PhIP by human liver microsomal fraction obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with a Km of 55 microM and a Vmax of 666 pmol/min/mg protein. Furafylline, a potent and specific inhibitor of CYP1A2 in man, inhibited this reaction by > 95%, with an IC50 of 0.6 microM. PhIP inhibited high affinity phenacetin O-deethylase activity of human liver microsomes, an activity catalysed specifically by CYP1A2, with an IC50 of about 80 microM. These data indicate that, in human liver microsomes, N-hydroxylation is the only route of oxidative metabolism of PhIP, yielding a genotoxic species, and that this reaction is catalysed almost exclusively by CYP1A2. Furthermore, the exclusive oxidative activation of PhIP by human liver is in direct contrast to PhIP metabolism in rodents and non-human primates where oxidative detoxication products predominate.

2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine is a potent mutagen in the mouse small intestine

Mutations in long lived stem cells are critical events in carcinogenesis. The Dlb-1 assay detects intestinal stem cell mutation at the Dlb-1 locus in Dlb-1a/b heterozygous mice by visualizing mutated clones of epithelial cells in situ which do not bind the lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin. We have used this assay to show that the food-derived heterocyclic amine 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is a potent intestinal mutagen when administered either i.p. or p.o. This contrasts with the inactivity of the structurally related mutagen 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline in the assay which we have described previously. Immunocytochemical localization of the P-450 enzyme CYP1A2, which is responsible for the primary activation of these mutagens, shows that in untreated mice it is present in liver hepatocytes and in occasional villus epithelial cells but is absent from the target intestinal stem cell population. In addition, liver microsomes, unlike intestinal microsomes, were able to convert PhIP to the proximate mutagen N-hydroxy-PhIP. CYP1A2 immunoreactivity in beta-napthoflavone-induced animals was elevated in liver hepatocytes and increased to a lesser extent in duodenal villus epithelial cells. Treatment with beta-napthoflavone produced an unexpected 46% decrease in the number of Dlb-1 mutations in response to PhIP. Following treatment with PhIP, there was no difference in the number of Dlb-1 locus mutations between the proximal and distal ends of the small intestine in uninduced animals, indicating that the bile duct is unlikely to be responsible for transport of mutation inducing metabolites of PhIP to the small intestine. Our results demonstrate that metabolic activation of an indirect acting genotoxic agent can occur at a site other than the target tissue, and absence of the enzymes required for activation of a mutagen does not necessarily protect that tissue from its genotoxic effects.

Field evaluation of bednets impregnated with deltamethrin for malaria control

Trials were undertaken in a hypoendemic area of malaria in an area bordering Vietnam, in Napo County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. The aim was to compare the relative cost effectiveness of DDT residual spraying and of bednets impregnated with deltamethrin in the malaria control program. The trials were divided into three subgroups: (1) two farming areas and one coal mining area with a total population > 20,000, where the trial consisted of mass bednets impregnated with deltamethrin 15 mg/m2 net surface once a year, (2) one farming area with a population of approximately 3,600 where DDT residual spraying at 2g/m2 was carried out twice a year in May and August; (3) one farming area and one coal mining village with a population of > 4,000 were used as a control. The malaria vector population consisted mainly of Anopheles minimus and An. anthropophagus with a small contribution from An. sinensis. After bednets were impregnated with deltamethrin the mosquitos resting on the surface of the bednets decreased significantly, although there was less effect on the total vector population. The results showed that malaria incidence decreased significantly both in areas where impregnated bednets were used and in areas where residual spraying was undertaken. The positive IFAT rates of residents who slept under impregnated bednets decreased significantly in farming areas, especially in that area where bednet impregnation as a vector control measure had been undertaken for two years, but there was no change in the IFAT rate in DDT sprayed or control areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Expression of connexin-43 in human myometrium and leiomyoma

OBJECTIVES

The expression of connexin-43 was examined in human leiomyomas and in autologous myometrium.

STUDY DESIGN

Indirect immunofluorescence was used to detect connexin-43 gap junctions in myometrial and leiomyoma tissues and in primary cultures. Immunoblot and Northern analyses were used to examine the levels of connexin-43 protein and cx43 messenger ribonucleic acid in primary cultures.

RESULTS

Connexin-43 gap junctions were detected in leiomyoma tissue from nonpregnant premenopausal women but not in autologous myometrial tissue. Connexin-43 gap junctions form spontaneously in primary cultures of myometrium and leiomyoma in the presence of 17 beta-estradiol. Fluorescent dye injection confirmed that the gap junctions were coupled in the primary cells. Connexin-43 protein and messenger ribonucleic acid levels generally were higher in leiomyoma cells compared with those of autologous myometrial cells. Steady-state levels of cx43 messenger ribonucleic acid decreased with addition of medroxyprogesterone acetate to the cultures.

CONCLUSIONS

Differences in the levels of cx43 expression in leiomyoma and myometrial cells may reflect differences in responses to steroid hormones.

SAR-dependent mobilization of histone H1 by HMG-I/Y in vitro: HMG-I/Y is enriched in H1-depleted chromatin

An experimental assay was developed to search for proteins capable of antagonizing histone H1-mediated general repression of transcription. T7 RNA polymerase templates containing an upstream scaffold-associated region (SAR) were highly selectively repressed by H1 relative to non-SAR control templates. This is due to the nucleation of H1 assembly into flanking DNA brought about by the numerous A-tracts (AT-rich sequences containing short homopolymeric runs of dA.dT base pairs) of the SAR. Partial, selective titration of these A-tracts by the high mobility group (HMG) protein HMG-I/Y led to the complete derepression of transcription from the SAR template by inducing the redistribution of H1 on to non-SAR templates. SARs are associated with many highly transcribed regulated genes where they may serve to facilitate the HMG-I/Y-mediated displacement of histone H1 in chromatin. Indeed, HMG-I/Y was found to be strongly enriched in the H1-depleted subfraction which can be isolated from chromatin.

Antibody-catalyzed degradation of cocaine

Immunization with a phosphonate monoester transition-state analog of cocaine provided monoclonal antibodies capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of the cocaine benzoyl ester group. An assay for the degradation of radiolabeled cocaine identified active enzymes. Benzoyl esterolysis yields ecgonine methyl ester and benzoic acid, fragments devoid of cocaine's stimulant activity. Passive immunization with such an artificial enzyme could provide a treatment for dependence by blunting reinforcement.

Molecular dosimetry of the food-borne carcinogen MeIQx using adducts of serum albumin

Incubation of mouse serum albumin with the food borne carcinogen [2-14C]-Amino-3,8,-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (14C-MeIQx) in the presence of mouse hepatic microsomes and an NADPH-regenerating system in vitro resulted in the formation of adducts of MeIQx with albumin, which increased proportionately with time for at least 120 min (approximately 1 pmol equivalents/mg of protein/min). We have previously shown in male Swiss Webster mice in vivo that 14C-MeIQx bound covalently to serum proteins and that the formation of adducts was dose dependent. 14C-MeIQx (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to male (MF1) mice which were killed 24 h later. Serum albumin was purified by affinity chromatography and covalent binding of 14C-MeIQx was assessed. Total covalent binding of MeIQx to albumin was 14.0 +/- 5.2 pmol per mg albumin, which was 5-fold greater than to haemoglobin. Following mild acid hydrolysis, 1.25 pmol MeIQx per mg albumin was liberated as free amine, as determined by gas chromatography negative ion mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This represents 9% of total MeIQx adducted to albumin in vivo (cf 1.3% adducted to haemoglobin). These results suggested that adducts of MeIQx with serum albumin should provide a significantly more sensitive dosimeter than those with haemoglobin. We therefore investigated this approach with serum protein samples from three volunteers. Human serum albumin and non-serum albumin protein fractions were separated by affinity chromatography, before being subjected to GC-MS analysis for hydrolysable adducts of MeIQx. The levels of MeIQx in control samples, and from the release of the putative sulphinamide adducts in hydrolysed samples were below the limits of detection of the GC-MS assay (29 +/- 2.6 amol MeIQx/mg albumin). Despite an increase of 2 orders of magnitude in sensitivity, compared with haemoglobin, it is unlikely that the sulphinamide adduct of MeIQx with human serum albumin can be used as a dosimeter for human aminoimidazoazaarene exposure.

Congenital extraoral fistula from an auxiliary parotid gland

A rare case of an auxiliary major salivary gland in the parotid region with an external fistula is reported. Clinical findings and management are described, and relevant embryology and etiology are discussed.

The function of micF RNA. micF RNA is a major factor in the thermal regulation of OmpF protein in Escherichia coli

The role of chromosomally derived micF RNA as a repressor of outer membrane protein OmpF of Escherichia coli was examined for various growth conditions. Levels of micF RNA as determined by Northern analyses are found to increase in response to cell growth at high temperature, in high osmolarity or in the presence of ethanol. After a switch to higher growth temperature, the levels of ompF mRNA and of newly synthesized OmpF decrease with time in E. coli strain, MC4100 but these decreases are not observed in isogenic micF deletion strain, SM3001. In addition, while levels of ompF mRNA are substantially reduced in both strains in response to high osmolarity or ethanol at 24 degrees C, the reduced levels in the parental strain are still 4-5-fold lower compared with the micF deletion strain. These findings indicate that chromosomally derived micF RNA plays a major role in the thermal regulation of OmpF and represses OmpF synthesis in response to several environmental signals by decreasing the levels of ompF mRNA. Analyses of the effect of a multicopy micF plasmid on the levels of OmpF and ompF mRNA after an increase in temperature indicated that multicopies of micF RNA markedly inhibited OmpF synthesis but did not accentuate ompF mRNA decrease. These data suggest that multicopy micF inhibits OmpF synthesis primarily through translational inactivation of ompF mRNA and that a limiting factor in addition to micF RNA is necessary to destabilize ompF mRNA.

Simultaneous cw laser emission including a Raman line of a He-Ne laser at six wavelengths in the visible range

Simultaneous cw laser emission has been observed in a He-Ne discharge at 611.8-, 629.3-, 632.8-, 635.1-, 640.1-, and 650.0-nm wavelengths. The output power and the mode spectra have been investigated for various operational conditions. Spontaneous mode locking of the different lines has been observed. The Raman transition (650.0 nm) pumped by the strong intracavity radiation at 632.8 nm has been investigated in detail and its relevance for a secondary multiwavelength standard is discussed.

Rubella vaccine in the People's Republic of China

The results of seroepidemiologic surveys indicate that rubella is widely prevalent in China. Congenital rubella infection has posed a threat. To control rubella and decrease the incidence of congenital rubella infection, an attenuated strain of rubella virus was developed in China. The original strain was isolated from a throat-swab specimen from a six-year-old girl with a clinical diagnosis of rubella. The strain was passaged and attenuated in human diploid cells and named BRD-2. The results of clinical trials showed that the BRD-2 virus strain has mild reactogenicity, satisfactory immunogenicity, and no transmissibility. The antigenicity and reactogenicity are comparable to those of strain RA27/3. It is anticipated that it may be put into production in the near future.

Studies on the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the BRD-2 and RA27/3 live attenuated rubella vaccines

A study to compare the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the BRD-2 and RA27/3 rubella vaccine strains was conducted in GuangXi, China in 1982. Ninety eight susceptible children between two and six years of age, with haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titres of less than 10, were inoculated with RA27/3 vaccine strain. A similar group of 103 children were inoculated with BRD-2 vaccine strain; 110 uninoculated children served as a control group. The percentages of children who had fever reactions were 30.09% for RA27/3, 20.04% for BRD-2, and 24.50% for the uninoculated group. Neither vaccine evoked a high fever reaction. For both vaccines, the seroconversion rates estimated 42 days after immunization were 100%. The geometric mean titre of HI antibody was 144.4 +/- 2.04 for recipients of RA27/3, and 116.1 +/- 2.0 for those vaccinated with BRD-2. The rate of excretion of virus from the nose and throat was 26.67% for the recipients of RA27/3 and 23.08% for those who received BRD-2. No vaccine virus was isolated from the uninoculated susceptibles who were in close contact with the vaccinated children. Furthermore, the latter group remained seronegative when tested after 42 days of contact with the vaccinated. Hence, it appears that both RA27/3 and BRD-2 vaccine viruses have no capacity for being transmitted to unvaccinated contacts. In susceptible adolescents immunized with the BRD-2 vaccine viruses have no capacity for being transmitted to unvaccinated contacts. In susceptible adolescents immunized with the BRD-2 vaccine strain, a mild febrile reaction was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)