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Floros J, Fan R, Matthews A, DiAngelo S, Luo J, Nielsen H, Dunn M, Gewolb IH, Koppe J, van Sonderen L, Farri-Kostopoulos L, Tzaki M, Rämet M, Merrill J. Family-based transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and case-control association studies reveal surfactant protein A (SP-A) susceptibility alleles for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and possible race differences. Clin Genet 2001; 60:178-87. [PMID: 11595019 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.600303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A key cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the prematurely born infant is deficiency of pulmonary surfactant, a lipoprotein complex. Both low levels of surfactant protein A (SP-A) and SP-A alleles have been associated with RDS. Using the candidate gene approach, we performed family-based linkage studies to discern linkage of SP-A to RDS and identify SP-A susceptibility or protective alleles. Moreover, we performed case-control studies of whites and blacks to detect association between RDS and SP-A alleles. Transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis revealed that the frequency of transmission (from parent to the offspring with RDS) of alleles 6A(2) and 1A(0) and of 1A(0)/6A(2) haplotype in RDS was increased, whereas transmission of alleles 1A(5) and 6A(4) and of haplotype 1A(5)/6A(4) was decreased. Extended TDT analysis further strengthened the observations made. The case-control studies showed that in whites or blacks with RDS the frequencies of specific genotypes, 1A(0) and 6A(2) or 1A(0), were increased, respectively, but the frequency of specific 6A(3) genotypes was increased in certain white subgroups and decreased in blacks. Regression analysis revealed gestational age (GA) and 6A(3) genotypes are significant factors in blacks with RDS. In whites with RDS, GA and antenatal steroids are important factors. The data together indicate linkage between SP-A and RDS; certain SP-A alleles/haplotypes are susceptibility (1A(0), 6A(2), 1A(0)/6A(2)) or protective (1A(5), 6A(4), 1A(5)/6A(4)) factors for RDS. Some differences between blacks and whites with regard to SP-A alleles may exist.
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Gomes H, Dunn M, Ritter W, Kurtzberg D, Brattson A, Kreuzer JA, Vaughan HG. Spatiotemporal maturation of the central and lateral N1 components to tones. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2001; 129:147-55. [PMID: 11506859 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-3806(01)00196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines maturational changes in the spatiotemporal features of central and lateral N1 components of the auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) to tone stimuli presented with a long stimulus onset asyncrony (SOA; 4200 ms) using the scalp current density (SCD) technique. A group of typically developing children ranging from 6 to 12 years of age and a group of adults were studied. Recently studies have begun to explore the topography of these components in children. These studies, however, often used rapidly presented stimuli and did not elicit observable central N1s in the younger children. Our stimuli elicited both central and lateral N1s. Peak latencies of both components decreased with age. Peak amplitude also decreased with age for the lateral N1 but not for the central N1. Consequently, the difference between the lateral N1 and the central N1 amplitudes (or the ratio of lateral N1 amplitude to central N1 amplitude) also decreased with age, dramatically altering the morphology of the elicited AEP waveforms. Topography of the lateral N1 did not change with age. The location of maximal activation for the central N1 appeared to move more medially with age but this 'apparent' movement is probably due to the decreasing impact of the partially overlapping lateral N1 component whose amplitude is significantly smaller in adults than in children.
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Strome S, Powers J, Dunn M, Reese K, Malone CJ, White J, Seydoux G, Saxton W. Spindle dynamics and the role of gamma-tubulin in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Mol Biol Cell 2001; 12:1751-64. [PMID: 11408582 PMCID: PMC37338 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.12.6.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
gamma-Tubulin is a ubiquitous and highly conserved component of centrosomes in eukaryotic cells. Genetic and biochemical studies have demonstrated that gamma-tubulin functions as part of a complex to nucleate microtubule polymerization from centrosomes. We show that, as in other organisms, Caenorhabditis elegans gamma-tubulin is concentrated in centrosomes. To study centrosome dynamics in embryos, we generated transgenic worms that express GFP::gamma-tubulin or GFP::beta-tubulin in the maternal germ line and early embryos. Multiphoton microscopy of embryos produced by these worms revealed the time course of daughter centrosome appearance and growth and the differential behavior of centrosomes destined for germ line and somatic blastomeres. To study the role of gamma-tubulin in nucleation and organization of spindle microtubules, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to deplete C. elegans embryos of gamma-tubulin. gamma-Tubulin (RNAi) embryos failed in chromosome segregation, but surprisingly, they contained extensive microtubule arrays. Moderately affected embryos contained bipolar spindles with dense and long astral microtubule arrays but with poorly organized kinetochore and interpolar microtubules. Severely affected embryos contained collapsed spindles with numerous long astral microtubules. Our results suggest that gamma-tubulin is not absolutely required for microtubule nucleation in C. elegans but is required for the normal organization and function of kinetochore and interpolar microtubules.
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Liss M, Harel B, Fein D, Allen D, Dunn M, Feinstein C, Morris R, Waterhouse L, Rapin I. Predictors and correlates of adaptive functioning in children with developmental disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2001; 31:219-30. [PMID: 11450820 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010707417274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a developmental disorder marked by impairments in socialization, communication, and perseverative behavior and is associated with cognitive impairment and deficits in adaptive functioning. Research has consistently demonstrated that children with autism have deficits in adaptive functioning more severe than their cognitive deficits. This study investigates the correlates and predictors of adaptive functioning as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales in high- and low-functioning children with autism and their age and nonverbal IQ matched controls. Thirty-five 9-year-old children with high-functioning autism (HAD) were compared with 31 age-matched children with developmental language disorder (DLD), and 40 9-year-old children with low-functioning autism (LAD) were compared with 17 age-matched children with low IQ on adaptive functioning, IQ, autistic symptomology, and tests of language and verbal memory. Results indicate that both groups with autism were significantly impaired compared to their matched controls on Socialization and Daily Living, but not Communication and that these impairments were more pronounced in the HAD group than in the LAD group. Adaptive behavior was strongly correlated with autistic symptomology only in the HAD group. Regression analyses indicated that IQ was strongly predictive of adaptive behavior in both low-functioning groups, but tests of language and verbal memory predicted adaptive behavior in the higher functioning groups. Results suggest that IQ may act as a limiting factor for lower functioning children but higher functioning children are impaired by specific deficits, including autistic symptomology and impaired language and verbal memory.
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Allen DA, Steinberg M, Dunn M, Fein D, Feinstein C, Waterhouse L, Rapin I. Autistic disorder versus other pervasive developmental disorders in young children: same or different? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 10:67-78. [PMID: 11315538 DOI: 10.1007/s007870170049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Eighteen preschool children diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Third Edition Revised (DSM III-R) as having Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) were compared to 176 children with DSM III-R Autistic Disorder (AD), and to 311 non-autistic children with developmental language disorders (DLD) (N = 201) or low IQ (N = 110). All children were partitioned into "high" and "low" cognitive subgroups at a nonverbal IQ of 80. Within cognitive subgroups, the 18 PDD-NOS children did not differ significantly from either the DLD or the AD children in verbal and adaptive skills and obtained scores intermediate between those of these groups. The PDD-NOS did not differ from the AD children in maladaptive behaviors. Both the PDD-NOS and AD children had many more of these behaviors than the non-autistic comparison groups. Children in the "high" and "low" cognitive subgroups of AD, but not of PDD-NOS, differed substantially on most measures, with the children with lower cognitive scores significantly more impaired on all measures. Similarity of PDD-NOS children to AD children in maladaptive behaviors and an intermediate position between autistic and non-autistic groups on virtually all measures explains the difficulty clinicians encounter in classifying children with PDD and raises questions about the specificity of these diagnostic subtypes of the autistic spectrum.
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Liss M, Fein D, Allen D, Dunn M, Feinstein C, Morris R, Waterhouse L, Rapin I. Executive functioning in high-functioning children with autism. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2001; 42:261-70. [PMID: 11280422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Executive functioning was investigated in 34 children (24 boys and 10 girls) with developmental language disorder (DLD) and 21 children (18 boys and 3 girls) with high-functioning autistic disorder (HAD) matched on Full Scale IQ, Nonverbal IQ, age (mean age 9 year, 1 month), and SES. The DLD group had a Verbal IQ that was 10 points higher than the HAD group. These children were given the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Mazes subtest from the WISC-R, the Underlining test, and the Rapid Automatized Naming test. In addition, these children were given the Vineland Scales of Adaptive Functioning and the Wing Diagnostic Symptom Checklist in order to assess severity of autistic symptomatology. Results indicated that the only significant difference between the two groups on the cognitive tasks was perseverative errors on the WCST; there was no significant difference on total number of categories achieved or total number of errors on the WCST or on the other executive function measures. There was also significant overlap in the scores between the two groups and the difference in perseverative errors was no longer significant when Verbal IQ was partialled out. Executive functioning was strongly related to all IQ variables in the DLD group and particularly related to Verbal IQ in the HAD group. Although there was a relationship in the HAD group between executive functioning and adaptive functioning, as well as between executive functioning and autistic symptomatology, these relationships were generally no longer significant in the HAD group after the variance due to Verbal IQ was accounted for. The results are interpreted to indicate that although impaired executive functioning is a commonly associated feature of autism, it is not universal in autism and is unlikely to cause autistic behaviors or deficits in adaptive function.
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Minassian VA, Dunn M. Recurrent sacculation of the pregnant uterus. A case report. THE JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE 2000; 45:1003-6. [PMID: 11153253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent uterine sacculation is very rare and associated only with pregnancy. It commonly complicates delivery with a retained placenta. CASE A 24-year-old woman, gravida 4, para 0, with three previous elective abortions, presented in preterm labor at 32 6/7 weeks' gestation. Her second and third abortions were complicated by incomplete evacuation of uterine contents, and uterine sacculation was diagnosed. Preterm delivery and a retained placenta complicated the present pregnancy. At laparotomy, recurrence of uterine sacculation was noted in the left fundal region of a bicornuate uterus. A hysterotomy was performed to remove the placenta from the sacculation. CONCLUSION In a patient with multiple uterine procedures and retained placenta, uterine sacculation can develop.
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Brennan DF, Kwatra S, Kelly M, Dunn M. Chronic ectopic pregnancy--two cases of acute rupture despite negative beta hCG. J Emerg Med 2000; 19:249-54. [PMID: 11033270 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-4679(00)00233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the cases of two women with chronic ectopic pregnancies who presented with acute tubal rupture and hemoperitoneum despite negative beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta hCG) pregnancy tests. The appropriate screening use of beta hCG assays to ascertain pregnancy status, the mechanisms by which ectopic pregnancy may be seen with negative beta hCG tests, and the limitations of various assays are discussed. One patient, not initially believed to be pregnant, underwent computed tomography (CT) scan. Experience with use of CT scan in ectopic pregnancy diagnosis is limited; our case illustrates some of the possible CT scan findings. These cases illustrate the potential for ectopic pregnancy to rupture with low, if not undetectable beta hCG hormone levels, and consequently why it is not recommended to rely on quantitative beta hCG levels to guide the decision to proceed with ultrasound imaging.
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Dunn M. The history of dentistry. Could it be a cure for dental phobias? MOUTH (AMERICAN STUDENT DENTAL ASSOCIATION) 2000; 19:12-5. [PMID: 10873142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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135
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Stevens MC, Fein DA, Dunn M, Allen D, Waterhouse LH, Feinstein C, Rapin I. Subgroups of children with autism by cluster analysis: a longitudinal examination. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 39:346-52. [PMID: 10714055 DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200003000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted using a sample of 138 school-age children with autism. The objective was to examine (1) the characteristics of resulting subgroups, (2) the relationship of these subgroups to subgroups of the same children determined at preschool age, and (3) preschool variables that best predicted school-age functioning. METHOD Ninety-five cases were analyzed. RESULTS Findings support the presence of 2 subgroups marked by different levels of social, language, and nonverbal ability, with the higher group showing essentially normal cognitive and behavioral scores. The relationship of high- and low-functioning subgroup membership to levels of functioning at preschool age was highly significant. CONCLUSIONS School-age functioning was strongly predicted by preschool cognitive functioning but was not strongly predicted by preschool social abnormality or severity of autistic symptoms. The differential outcome of the 2 groups shows that high IQ is necessary but not sufficient for optimal outcome in the presence of severe language impairment.
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Dunn M, Love L, Ravesloot C. Subjective health in spinal cord injury after outpatient healthcare follow-up. Spinal Cord 2000; 38:84-91. [PMID: 10762180 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare self-reported health, independence, and depression in two samples of people with spinal cord injury (SCI), one which receives regular, comprehensive outpatient health care follow-up and one that does not. DESIGN Exploratory study of self-reported secondary conditions in 235 individuals with SCI who received health care follow-up using post hoc quasi-experimental comparisons with a group of 136 people with SCI who had no health care follow-up. SETTING Outpatients at a Veterans Affairs Health Care System SCI Center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The Check Your Health Instrument surveyed three self-report measures: overall health, independence, and depression. The Secondary Conditions Screening Instrument (SCSI) addressed 40 secondary conditions that may have been experienced in the prior year. RESULTS Study participants who receive ongoing SCI health care reported higher subjective health, independence, and absence of depression scores compared to those that did not receive regular SCI health care follow-up. Results on the SCSI showed similar secondary conditions in the two groups, but higher frequency and severity in the no follow-up group. CONCLUSION SCI outpatient health care follow-up is associated with higher subjective health, independence, and absence of depression.
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Edwards T, Turnbull G, Dunn M, Ebrahimzadeh M. Continuous-wave, singly-resonant, optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled KTiOPO4. OPTICS EXPRESS 2000; 6:58-63. [PMID: 19401745 DOI: 10.1364/oe.6.000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A continuous-wave singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator (SRO) has been implemented using a 20 mm long crystal of periodically poled KTiOPO 4 (PPKTP) intracavity-pumped at room temperature within a Ti:sapphire laser. The device delivers a maximum output power of 455 mW at a non-resonant idler wavelength of 2.47 microm. The 28.5-microm grating PPKTP crystal provides SRO tuning over 1.14-1.27 microm (signal) and 2.23-2.73 microm (idler) limited by optical coating bandwidths and corresponding to a pump tuning range of 805.5-811.2 nm. Temperature tuning of the device generated signal and idler ranges of 1.18-1.26 microm and 2.29-2.57 microm, respectively, corresponding to an average tuning rate of 1.2 nm/degree (signal) and 4.5 nm/degree (idler). Ring-cavity configuration of the device resulted in generation of 115 mW of single-frequency idler output at 2.35 microm.
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Dunn M. Getting started in dentistry: reflections at six months. JOURNAL OF THE COLORADO DENTAL ASSOCIATION 2000; 79:24-5. [PMID: 11428350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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Castillo Mezzich A, Giancola PR, Lu SY, Parks SM, Ratica GM, Dunn M. Adolescent females with a substance use disorder: affiliations with adult male sexual partners. Am J Addict 1999; 8:190-200. [PMID: 10506900 DOI: 10.1080/105504999305802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that low socioeconomic status (SES), a disturbed parent-daughter relationship, early sexual development, and antisocial behavior are risk factors in adolescent females affiliating with adult male sexual partners. To determine whether the relation between these risk factors and affiliating with adult male sexual partners is stronger in females with greater, rather than fewer, substance use disorders (SUD). METHOD Subjects were 180 adolescent females with SUD and 87 normal controls (14-18 years of age). RESULTS The SUD group had a lower SES and more negative parent-daughter interactions, and exhibited greater antisocial tendencies. Also, the SUD group showed a more frequent affiliation with adult male sexual partners. Chronological age, age of menarche (sexual development), antisocial behavior, and quality of the parent-daughter relationship were significantly associated with affiliation with adult male sexual partners. Moreover, the number of SUD diagnoses enhanced the relation between the quality of the parent-daughter relationship and antisocial behavior with affiliation with adult male sexual partners. CONCLUSIONS From a prevention perspective, interventions directed at enhancing child rearing practices, communication skills, and involvement in children's needs and activities might result in improved parent-child attachments that may attentuate young women's propensities to become involved in antisocial behavior and affiliate with adult sexual partners. Also, the risk imposed by an early sexual maturation may be offset by enhancing the female adolescent's social skills to select non-deviant and supportive male partners.
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Chitayat D, Fernandez B, Gardner A, Moore L, Glance P, Dunn M, Chun K, Sgro M, Ray P, Allingham-Hawkins D. Compound heterozygosity for the Achondroplasia-hypochondroplasia FGFR3 mutations: prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1999; 84:401-5. [PMID: 10360393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on a male newborn infant, a compound carrier of heterozygous mutations in the FGFR3 gene causing achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia. The mother has achondroplasia and carries the common G1138 (G380R) mutation in the FGFR3 gene; the father has hypochondroplasia due to the C1620A (N540K) mutation in the same gene. The fetus was found to carry both mutations diagnosed prenatally by amniocentesis at 17.6 weeks of gestation, following maternal serum screening which showed an increased risk for Down syndrome (1:337). Detailed fetal ultrasound studies showed a large head, short limbs, and a small chest at 22 weeks of gestation. The changes were more severe than those of either achondroplasia or hypochondroplasia. The patient was born by cesarean section at 38 weeks of gestation and had rhizomelic shortness of the upper and lower limbs with excess skin folds, large head, enlarged fontanelles, frontal bossing, lumbar gibbus, trident position of the fingers, and a narrow chest with a horizontal line of demarcation at the narrowest area of the chest. Skeletal radiographs showed shortness of the long bones and flare of metaphyses. He had respiratory difficulties and was treated with nasal prongs. Seizures developed on day 2 of life and recurred on day 9 and responded to treatment with phenobarbital. Brain computed tomographic scan showed possible grey matter heterotopia, partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, and cortical dysplasia. To our knowledge, there are only two previously published cases of compound heterozygous achondroplasia-hypochondroplasia patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by DNA mutation analysis of the FGFR3 gene in both cases.
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Spencer J, Dunn M, Dunn-Walters DK. Characteristics of sequences around individual nucleotide substitutions in IgVH genes suggest different GC and AT mutators. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 1999; 162:6596-601. [PMID: 10352276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Somatic hypermutation affects Ig genes during T-dependent B cell responses and is characterized by a high frequency of single base substitutions. Hypermutation is not a completely random process; a study of mutations in different systems has revealed the presence of sequence motifs that target mutation. In a recent analysis of the sequences surrounding individual mutated bases in out-of-frame human IgVH genes, we found that the target motifs around mutated G's and C's are reverse complements of each other. This finding suggests that hypermutation acts on both strands of DNA, which contradicts evidence of a strand-dependent mechanism as suggested by an observed bias in A and T mutations and the involvement of transcriptional machinery. We have now extended our database of out-of-frame genes and determined the sequence motifs flanking mutated A and T nucleotides. In addition, we have analyzed the flanking sequences for different types of nucleotide substitutions separately. Our results confirm the relationship between the motifs for G and C mutations and show that the motifs surrounding mutated A's and T's are weaker and do not have the same relationship. Taken together with our observation of A/T strand bias in out-of-frame genes, this observation suggests that there is a semitargeted G/C mutator that is strand-independent and a separate A/T mutator that is strand-dependent and is less reliant on the local target sequence.
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Sadovsky R, Dunn M, Grobe BM. Erectile dysfunction: the primary care practitioner's view. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE 1999; 5:333-41; quiz 342-3. [PMID: 10351029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Petrou M, Clarke S, Morrison K, Bowles C, Dunn M, Yacoub M. Clenbuterol increases stroke power and contractile speed of skeletal muscle for cardiac assist. Circulation 1999; 99:713-20. [PMID: 9950671 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.99.5.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle assist (SMA) may be limited by loss of power, slowing of contraction and relaxation, and atrophy of the transformed latissimus dorsi muscle (LD). Clenbuterol (clen), a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, was used to improve the performance of trained skeletal muscle in sheep. METHODS AND RESULTS The following 4 groups were used: A (n=6), untrained controls; B (n=6), left LD progressively transformed toward a slow-twitch and fatigue-resistant phenotype by electrical stimulation over 12 weeks (2.5 to 5 V, 240- microsec pulse duration, 35 Hz, 3 to 6 pulses per burst, and up to 40 bursts per minute); C (n=6), clen-treated (0.5 mg/kg SC) for 12 weeks; and D (n=6), clen+trained. In a terminal experiment, the mobilized LD was wrapped around a rubber aorta of a mock circulation and stimulated to contract 40 times per minute. Group A had an initial mean pressure augmentation (DeltaP) of 24.6 mm Hg and stroke power of 2.28 W/kg, but both fell to <20% of their original values by 15 minutes because of fatigue (P<0.005). Group B was fatigue-resistant, with a DeltaP and stroke power at 60 minutes of 13 mm Hg (70% of initial) and 0.34 W/kg (39% of initial), respectively. The performance of group C was similar to that of controls. In group D, however, the muscles were stronger at all time points than in B, with a DeltaP of 23 mm Hg and stroke power of 2.66 W/kg at 60 minutes (P<0.01). The speeds of contraction (+dP/dt:DeltaP) and relaxation (-dP/dt:DeltaP) were significantly greater in group D than B. Protein analyses showed group D to have only a trend toward greater abundance of the fast isoforms of myosin heavy chain and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (P>0.1). CONCLUSIOINS: ++Clen improves the performance of trained skeletal muscle in a model of aortomyoplasty by unknown mechanisms. These findings may have important implications in SMA.
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Dunn M. Dentistry's daddy. The story of G. V. Black. DENTISTRY (AMERICAN STUDENT DENTAL ASSOCIATION) 1999; 19:8-9. [PMID: 10803139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
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Darling PB, Dunn M, Sarwar G, Brookes S, Ball RO, Pencharz PB. Threonine kinetics in preterm infants fed their mothers' milk or formula with various ratios of whey to casein. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69:105-14. [PMID: 9925131 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/69.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma threonine concentrations are elevated in infants fed formula containing a whey-to-casein protein ratio of 60:40 compared with concentrations in infants fed formula containing a ratio of 20:80 or human milk (60:40). OBJECTIVE We studied whether degradation of excess threonine was lower in formula-fed infants than in infants fed their mothers' milk. DESIGN Threonine kinetics were examined in 17 preterm infants (gestational age: 31+/-2 wk: birth weight: 1720+/-330 g) by using an 18-h oral infusion of [1-13C]threonine at a postnatal age of 21+/-11 d and weight of 1971+/-270 g. Five infants received breast milk. Formula-fed infants (n = 12) were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 formulas (5.3 g protein/MJ) that differed only in the whey-to-casein ratio (20:80, 40:60, and 60:40). RESULTS Threonine intake increased significantly in formula-fed infants with increasing whey content of the formula (48.5, 56.4, and 63.2 micromol.kg(-1).h(-1), respectively; pooled SD: 2.2; P = 0.0001), as did plasma threonine concentrations (228, 344, and 419 micromol/L, respectively; pooled SD: 75; P = 0.03). Despite a generous threonine intake by infants fed breast milk (58.0+/-16.0 micromol.kg(-1).h(-1), plasma threonine concentrations remained low (208+/-41 micromol/L). Fecal threonine excretion and net threonine tissue gain, estimated by nitrogen balance, did not differ significantly among groups. Threonine oxidation did not differ significantly among formula-fed infants but was significantly lower in formula-fed infants fed than in infants fed breast milk (17.1% compared with 24.3% of threonine intake, respectively). CONCLUSION Formula-fed infants have a lower capacity to oxidize threonine than do infants fed breast milk.
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Laupacis A, Singer D, Jacobsen A, Dunn M, Dalen J, Albers G. Risk factors for stroke and primary prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation. J Thromb Thrombolysis 1999; 7:21-6. [PMID: 10337356 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008819101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Dunn M. Doc Holliday: the gunslinging dentist. DENTISTRY (AMERICAN STUDENT DENTAL ASSOCIATION) 1998; 18:14-5. [PMID: 10613121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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148
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Rootwelt T, Dunn M, Yudkoff M, Itoh T, Almaas R, Pleasure D. Hypoxic cell death in human NT2-N neurons: involvement of NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors. J Neurochem 1998; 71:1544-53. [PMID: 9751188 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71041544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human NTera2 teratocarcinoma cells were differentiated into postmitotic NT2-N neurons and exposed to hypoxia for 6 h. The cultures were evaluated microscopically, and percent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release after 24 and 48 h was used as an assay for cell death. After 48 h LDH release was 24.3 +/- 5.6% versus 13.8 +/- 3.7% in controls (p < 0.001). Cell death was greatly diminished by MK-801 pretreatment (15.4 +/- 5.1%, p < 0.001). If glutamine was omitted from the medium, glutamate levels after 6 h of hypoxia were reduced from 101 +/- 63 to 2.3 +/- 0.3 microM, and cell death at 48 h was also markedly reduced (15.4 +/- 4.5%, p < 0.001). The alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (18.7 +/- 5.1%, p < 0.001) and mild hypothermia (33.5-34 degrees C) during hypoxia (19.5 +/- 2.7%, p < 0.05) were moderately protective. Basic fibroblast growth factor (24.1 +/- 3.2%), the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (22.8 +/- 8.1%), the antioxidant N-tert-butyl-o-phenyinitrone (18.9 +/- 5.9%), and the 21-aminosteroid U74389G (24.0 +/- 3.4%) did not protect the cells. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine even tended to increase cell death (30.1 +/- 2.5%, p = 0.06). Treatment with MK-801 at the end of hypoxia did not reduce cell death (23.3 +/- 2.3%). In separate experiments, a 15-min exposure to 1 mM glutamate without hypoxia did not result in significant cell death (14.7 +/- 2.4 vs. 12.2 +/- 2.1%, p = 0.07). We conclude that, although somewhat resistant to glutamate toxicity when normoxic, NT2-N neurons die via an ionotropic glutamate receptor-mediated mechanism when exposed to hypoxia in the presence of glutamate. As far as we know, this is the first reported analysis of the mechanism of hypoxic cell death in cultured human neuronlike cells.
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149
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Nelson S, Matlow A, Johnson G, Th'ng C, Dunn M, Quinn P. Detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum in endotracheal tube aspirates from neonates by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:1236-9. [PMID: 9574683 PMCID: PMC104806 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.36.5.1236-1239.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/1997] [Accepted: 02/16/1998] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A PCR-based test was optimized for the detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum from neonatal respiratory specimens, with primers directed against the multiple-banded antigen gene (L. J. Teng, X. Zheng, J. I. Glass, H. Watson, J. Tsai, and G. H. Cassell, J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:1464-1469, 1994). Endotracheal tube aspirates (225) from 103 low-birth-weight neonates (<1,250 g) were taken, when possible, at days 0, 4, and 14 after birth and examined by culture and by PCR. Of 77 specimens positive by either method, 73 were detected by PCR and 60 were detected by culture. Overall, 36% of the neonates were positive for U. urealyticum by either method. Of 16 patients with PCR-positive-culture-negative results, 13 had positive cultures at another sampling point, and one additional patient had a twin with positive cultures. Of 11 patients with day 0 specimens positive by PCR alone, 9 subsequently became culture positive, demonstrating the utility of this test in early detection. Multiple serovars were present in over 50% of positive specimens, with serovars 3 and 14 in combination being most prevalent. The amplicon size generated from the specimen by PCR correctly predicted the biovars isolated in over 85% of positive specimens. Thus, this PCR test was valuable in allowing early detection of U. urealyticum in neonatal respiratory specimens, as well as in providing biovar information.
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Matlow A, Th'ng C, Kovach D, Quinn P, Dunn M, Wang E. Susceptibilities of neonatal respiratory isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum to antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:1290-2. [PMID: 9593171 PMCID: PMC105810 DOI: 10.1128/aac.42.5.1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-one neonatal respiratory isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum were serotyped, and their susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, azithromycin, and doxycycline were tested. Most patient strains were Ureaplasma urealyticum bv. parvum. Chloramphenicol, doxycycline, and azithromycin had the lowest MICs. This data may be useful when designing prophylactic or therapeutic trials of antibiotics for chronic lung disease of the newborn.
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