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Chollet B, D'Eramo L, Martwong E, Li M, Macron J, Mai TQ, Tabeling P, Tran Y. Tailoring Patterns of Surface-Attached Multiresponsive Polymer Networks. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:24870-24879. [PMID: 27560306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for the fabrication of micropatterns of surface-attached hydrogels with well-controlled chemistry is reported. The "grafting onto" approach is preferred to the "grafting from" approach. It consists of cross-linking and grafting preformed and functionalized polymer chains through thiol-ene click chemistry. The advantage is a very good control without adding initiators. A powerful consequence of thiol-ene click reaction by UV irradiation is the facile fabrication of micropatterned hydrogel thin films by photolithography. It is achieved either with photomasks using common UV lamp or without photomasks by direct drawing due to laser technology. Our versatile approach allows the fabrication of various chemical polymer networks on various solid substrates. It is demonstrated here with silicon wafers, glass and gold surfaces as substrates, and two responsive hydrogels, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) for its responsiveness to temperature and poly(acrylic acid) for its pH-sensitivity. We also demonstrate the fabrication of stable hydrogel multilayers (or stacked layers) in which each elementary layer height can widely range from a few nanometers to several micrometers, providing an additional degree of freedom to the internal architecture of hydrogel patterns. This facile route for the synthesis of micrometer-resolute hydrogel patterns with tailored architecture and multiresponsive properties should have a strong impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Chollet
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615 and Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, SIMM , 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris F-75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Loïc D'Eramo
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (IPGG) , 6-12 rue Jean Calvin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ekkachai Martwong
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615 and Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, SIMM , 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris F-75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Mengxing Li
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615 and Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, SIMM , 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris F-75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Jennifer Macron
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615 and Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, SIMM , 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris F-75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Thuy Quyen Mai
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615 and Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, SIMM , 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris F-75231 Cedex 05, France
| | - Patrick Tabeling
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (IPGG) , 6-12 rue Jean Calvin, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yvette Tran
- École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI Paris), PSL Research University, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle, CNRS UMR 7615 and Sorbonne-Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, SIMM , 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris F-75231 Cedex 05, France
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302
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Lilge I, Jiang S, Wesner D, Schönherr H. The Effect of Size and Geometry of Poly(acrylamide) Brush-Based Micro patterns on the Behavior of Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:23591-23603. [PMID: 27541003 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the fabrication, detailed characterization, and application of long-term stable micropatterned bio-interfaces of passivating poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) brushes on transparent gold for application in the study of cell-surface interactions is reported. The micropatterns were fabricated by microcontact printing of an initiator for surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), SI-ATRP of acrylamide, and subsequently backfilling of the unfunctionalized areas of 400-2500 μm(2) size and systematically altered number of corners with octadecanethiol. As verified by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, the physisorption of fibronectin (FN) was restricted to the adhesive areas. Exploiting this platform, the effect of micropattern geometry and size of cell-adhesive FN areas surrounded by passivating PAAm brushes on transparent gold substrates on the attachment of cells and cytoskeleton alignment was investigated at the single-cell level. Exceptional long-term stability of the patterned PAAm brushes and arrays of adhesive areas, in which human pancreatic tumor cells (Patu 8988T) and fibroblast cells (NIH 3T3) were confined for more than one week, was observed. Adhesive areas of 1600 μm(2) or less constrained the cell shape and caused focal adhesions to accumulate in the corners of the pattern. These changes were most obvious for the PatuT cells in adhesive areas of ∼900 μm(2), in which the actin filaments were aligned, following the boundary of the pattern, and merged in the focal adhesions concentrated in the corners of the pattern. NIH 3T3 cells possessed a larger cell area, which led to an optimal cytoskeleton alignment in adhesive patterns of ∼1600 μm(2). The alignment of the cytoskeleton was found to be less pronounced in cells on larger adhesive areas, where the PatuT cells spread similarly to cells on unpatterned substrates. By contrast, the NIH 3T3 cells were found to stretch even on larger adhesive areas, spanning from one corner to the other. The long-term stability under cell culture conditions of the patterns introduced here will also be useful for long-term studies of single and multiple cells, cell motility in toxicity assays, and stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Lilge
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Siyu Jiang
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Daniel Wesner
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Biology & Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), University of Siegen , Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
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303
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Abstract
Background and aims Problematic Internet game use is an important social issue that increases social expenditures for both individuals and nations. This study identified predictors and patterns of problematic Internet game use. Methods Data were collected from online surveys between November 26 and December 26, 2014. We identified 3,881 Internet game users from a total of 5,003 respondents. A total of 511 participants were assigned to the problematic Internet game user group according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Internet gaming disorder criteria. From the remaining 3,370 participants, we used propensity score matching to develop a normal comparison group of 511 participants. In all, 1,022 participants were analyzed using the chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) algorithm. Results According to the CHAID algorithm, six important predictors were found: gaming costs (50%), average weekday gaming time (23%), offline Internet gaming community meeting attendance (13%), average weekend and holiday gaming time (7%), marital status (4%), and self-perceptions of addiction to Internet game use (3%). In addition, three patterns out of six classification rules were explored: cost-consuming, socializing, and solitary gamers. Conclusion This study provides direction for future work on the screening of problematic Internet game use in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jung Rho
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Catholic Institute for Healthcare Management and Graduate School of Healthcare Management and Policy, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo-Eun Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Chun
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Choi
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Catholic Institute for Healthcare Management and Graduate School of Healthcare Management and Policy, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors: Dai-Jin Kim, PhD; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; Phone: +82 2 2258 6086; Fax: +82 2 594 3870; E-mail: ; In Young Choi, PhD; Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; Phone: +82 2 2258 7870; Fax: +82 2 2258 8257; E-mail:
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors: Dai-Jin Kim, PhD; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; Phone: +82 2 2258 6086; Fax: +82 2 594 3870; E-mail: ; In Young Choi, PhD; Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; Phone: +82 2 2258 7870; Fax: +82 2 2258 8257; E-mail:
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304
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Abstract
Objective This paper examines the trends of mortality in the elderly people in Chi Linh during period 2004–2012 and identifies a number of factors related to mortality in the elderly. Design The longitudinal study method is used. The analyzed data is extracted from database of theDemographic—Epidemiologic Surveillance System (DESS) of Chililab. The data is collected from 7 communes/town of Chi Linh district, Hai Duong province during 2004–2012 with all elderly people. Descriptive statistical analysis and survival analysis using Kaplan Meier survival estimates and Cox regression models were used. The indirect standardization was used to compare between the mortality rate of the elderly in Chi Linh and the rates of those in some reference groups. Results Mortality rate in elderly tend to decrease over the period 2004–2012. In all the time, mortality rate in elderly men is higher than that in the elderly women. Specific mortality rates by age groups have increased in both males and females. The increase Age specific mortality rates in males is higher than females. Indirect standardized mortality data for the elderly in 2009 in Chi Linh, Vietnam, Canada, the United States of America (USA) showed that elderly mortality rate in Chililab in 2009 was lower than that in elderly of Vietnam (standardized mortality ratio—SMR of elderly in Chililab is only by 75% in comparison with elderly of Vietnam), and also lower than that in elderly people in the US, and Canada. Cox regression analysis (multivariate models) show that with every 1 year older, the risk of death in elderly men increased by 9% and 12% increase in elderly female, for both men and women general risk increased by 10% (p < 0.05). Elderly with higher education levels, elderly with better family economic conditions; elderly living with wife/husband have lower mortality risk than the other counterparts. Conclusions The research results suggest some recommendations: Strengthening health care programs for elderly people with low education levels, poor economic conditions, and celibacy groups (the vulnerable groups).
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen Thi-Tu Bui
- Department of Biostatistics, The Hanoi School of Public Health, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Viet Pham
- Information Technology Unit, The Hanoi School of Public Health, Ha Noi, Vietnam
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305
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Cikla U, Menekse G, Quraishi A, Neves G, Keles A, Liu C, Salamat SM, Baskaya MK. The sulci of the inferior surface of the temporal lobe: An anatomical study. Clin Anat 2016; 29:932-42. [PMID: 27521775 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the anatomy of temporal lobe sulci and their variations can allow for safer neurosurgical approaches. Although the inferior temporal sulci and their relations to each other has been described by several authors, the nomenclature used has not been universal. The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomic features of the three main sulci of the inferior temporal lobe and provide a simple description of complex patterns among these sulci. Sulcal variations and their relations were examined in seventy formalin-fixed, adult cadaveric cerebral hemispheres. We recommend a simple but modified classification specifically for anatomic variations of the rhinal and collateral sulci. Furthermore, we describe the frequency of occipitotemporal sulci that contain 5 and 6 segments, not previously mentioned. The length and depth of all sulci were measured in all samples. Additionally, more detailed results regarding the patterns, courses, connections, relationships and measurements were given. Understanding of the complex anatomy of this clinically important region is of benefit to neurosurgeons, providing necessary guidance for neurosurgical approaches to the inferior surface of the temporal lobe. Clin. Anat. 29:932-942, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulas Cikla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Guner Menekse
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Arman Quraishi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gabriel Neves
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Abdullah Keles
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Collin Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shahriar M Salamat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mustafa K Baskaya
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
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306
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Adil MT, Rahman R, Das S. Patterned charring along the contact points of a metallic locket due to lightning strike. Clin Case Rep 2016; 4:618-9. [PMID: 27398211 PMCID: PMC4891493 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Superficial cutaneous burns following lightning strike may vary in patterns ranging from linear burns, punctate burns, feathering burns, and thermal burns. Contact with an extrinsic object in the pathway of lightning current can lead to disastrous consequences. The lucky who survive may show bizarre and interesting burn patterns to tell their story.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tanveer Adil
- Department of General Surgery Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research Kolkata India; Present address: 22 Linton Street Kolkata 700014 India
| | - Rumana Rahman
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics College of Medicine and Sagar Dutta Hospital Kolkata India
| | - Soumen Das
- Department of General Surgery Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research Kolkata India
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307
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the tea consumption pattern in an urban society in Isfahan. METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was carried out using questioner among 664 households who were selected by two steps cluster sampling. A questionnaire was developed including demographic questions, information on the quantity of tea intake by every member of the family, tea type, and tea brand preference. RESULTS The individuals who prioritized black tea as their 1(st) choice were 90.1% of the total surveyed community. The average amount of tea consumed was calculated as 1243 ± 530 ml/day. The individuals who were between 36 and 45 and <15 years old were shown as the highest and the lowest tea consumers, respectively. Men significantly consumed more amount of tea than women did and married participants significantly used more amount of tea than singles (P < 0.05). The number of the family members, though, had no impact on tea consumption (P > 0.05). Brand preference of tea showed that the individuals who prioritized Ahmed brand as their 1(st) choice constituted 44% of the total participants. CONCLUSION Tea consumption pattern in an Iranian sample is specific. Despite of the huge evidence on the green tea benefits, this type of tea has very low popularity and among the available black tea brands, the imported ones are the most preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Rezaee
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirlohi
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Security Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akbar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azizolah Fallah
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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308
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a public health problem in Nigeria. Efforts are being geared toward early diagnosis and prevention of CKD. This study involved the evaluation of the referral pattern and mode of presentation of CKD patients at first contact in a tertiary health institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients' records over an 18 month period were retrieved and the following information extracted: Sociodemographic data, referral hospital, mode of presentation, etiology of CKD, packed cell volume, blood pressure, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at first presentation. RESULTS There were 202 CKD patients with a male: female ratio of 1.7:1 and a mean age of 48.15 ± 16.69 years. The median estimated GFR of the patients at presentation was 3.17 ml/min/1.73 m(2). The common etiologies of CKD were chronic glomerulonephritis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obstructive nephropathy in 69 (34.2%), 47 (23.3%), 38 (18.8%), and 21 (10.4%) respectively. Among these patients, 111 (55%) and 98 (48.6%) had moderate to severe hypertension and anemia, respectively, 173 (85.6%) presented in CKD Stage 5, 101 (50%) required urgent hemodialysis whereas 123 (60.9%) required in-hospital admission. Only (18) 9% of these CKD patients presented by self-referral while (103) 51% were referred from secondary and private health facilities. CONCLUSION Most Nigerian CKD patients still present very late to nephrologists implying that the present preventive strategies have not yielded desired results. Early diagnosis and referral of CKD patients could be better achieved through regular education of the public and retraining of health workers especially those in primary and secondary health institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluseyi A. Adejumo
- Kidney Care Centre, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Enajite I. Okaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Oladimeji E. Alli
- Kidney Care Centre, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Ifedayo F. Ibukun
- Kidney Care Centre, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Borghi A, Corazza M, Minghetti S, Toni G, Virgili A. Clinical and dermoscopic changes of vulvar lichen sclerosus after topical corticosteroid treatment. J Dermatol 2016; 43:1078-82. [PMID: 27075682 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to assess changes in both clinical and dermoscopic features of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) after a treatment with topical corticosteroid, 29 VLS patients treated with mometasone furoate 0.1% ointment for 12 weeks were evaluated for symptoms, objective signs and dermoscopic variables at baseline and treatment completion. Numeric scores were assigned to each parameter. Mean itching and burning values had decreased significantly at the 12-week control visit compared with baseline, as well as values referring to pallor, hyperkeratosis and purpuric lesions. Among the dermoscopic variables, the vessel score increased while the scores of patchy, structureless, whitish areas, whitish background, purpuric globules and scales decreased significantly after treatment. Scores referring to gray-blue dots, comedo-like openings and structures like ice slivers did not change significantly throughout the treatment. Based on these findings, dermoscopic features may change, even significantly, with topical corticosteroids and may be useful for monitoring the response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Borghi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Corazza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Minghetti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Toni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annarosa Virgili
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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310
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Owojuyigbe AM, Komolafe EO, Adenekan AT, Dada MA, Onyia CU, Ogunbameru IO, Owagbemi OF, Talabi AO, Faponle FA. Paediatric day-case neurosurgery in a resource challenged setting: Pattern and practice. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2016; 13:76-81. [PMID: 27251657 PMCID: PMC4955440 DOI: 10.4103/0189-6725.182561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been generally observed that children achieve better convalescence in the home environment especially if discharged same day after surgery. This is probably due to the fact that children generally tend to feel more at ease in the home environment than in the hospital setting. Only few tertiary health institutions provide routine day-case surgery for paediatric neurosurgical patients in our sub-region. OBJECTIVE To review the pattern and practice of paediatric neurosurgical day-cases at our hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective study of all paediatric day-case neurosurgeries carried out between June 2011 and June 2014. RESULTS A total of 53 patients (34 males and 19 females) with age ranging from 2 days to 14 years were seen. Majority of the patients (77.4%) presented with congenital lesions, and the most common procedure carried out was spina bifida repair (32%) followed by ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion (26.4%) for hydrocephalus. Sixty-eight percentage belonged to the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class 2, whereas the rest (32%) belonged to class 1. General anaesthesia was employed in 83% of cases. Parenteral paracetamol was used for intra-operative analgesia for most of the patients. Two patients had post-operative nausea and vomiting and were successfully managed. There was no case of emergency re-operation, unplanned admission, cancellation or mortality. CONCLUSION Paediatric day-case neurosurgery is feasible in our environment. With careful patient selection and adequate pre-operative preparation, good outcome can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolabi Muyiwa Owojuyigbe
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Edward O Komolafe
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University; Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony T Adenekan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Muyiwa A Dada
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Chiazor U Onyia
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ibironke O Ogunbameru
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi F Owagbemi
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery Unit, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Ademola O Talabi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Fola A Faponle
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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311
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Marschallinger R, Schmidt P, Hofmann P, Zimmer C, Atkinson PM, Sellner J, Trinka E, Mühlau M. A MS-lesion pattern discrimination plot based on geostatistics. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00430. [PMID: 26855827 PMCID: PMC4733107 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A geostatistical approach to characterize MS-lesion patterns based on their geometrical properties is presented. METHODS A dataset of 259 binary MS-lesion masks in MNI space was subjected to directional variography. A model function was fit to express the observed spatial variability in x, y, z directions by the geostatistical parameters Range and Sill. RESULTS Parameters Range and Sill correlate with MS-lesion pattern surface complexity and total lesion volume. A scatter plot of ln(Range) versus ln(Sill), classified by pattern anisotropy, enables a consistent and clearly arranged presentation of MS-lesion patterns based on geometry: the so-called MS-Lesion Pattern Discrimination Plot. CONCLUSIONS The geostatistical approach and the graphical representation of results are considered efficient exploratory data analysis tools for cross-sectional, follow-up, and medication impact analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Marschallinger
- Interfaculty Department of Geoinformatics Z_GISUniv. SalzburgSchillerstr. 305020SalzburgAustria
- Department of NeurologyChristian Doppler Medical CentreParacelsus Medical UniversityIgnaz Harrer‐Straße 795020SalzburgAustria
| | - Paul Schmidt
- Department of NeurologyKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- TUM–Neuroimaging CenterKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Department of StatisticsLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Peter Hofmann
- Interfaculty Department of Geoinformatics Z_GISUniv. SalzburgSchillerstr. 305020SalzburgAustria
- Department of NeurologyChristian Doppler Medical CentreParacelsus Medical UniversityIgnaz Harrer‐Straße 795020SalzburgAustria
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of NeuroradiologyKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Peter M. Atkinson
- Faculty of Science and TechnologyLancaster UniversityEngineering BuildingLancasterLA1 4YRUK
- Faculty of GeosciencesUniversity of UtrechtHeidelberglaan23584 CSUtrechtThe Netherlands
- School of Geography, Archaeology and PalaeoecologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT7 1NNNorthern IrelandUK
| | - Johann Sellner
- Department of NeurologyChristian Doppler Medical CentreParacelsus Medical UniversityIgnaz Harrer‐Straße 795020SalzburgAustria
- Department of NeurologyKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of NeurologyChristian Doppler Medical CentreParacelsus Medical UniversityIgnaz Harrer‐Straße 795020SalzburgAustria
| | - Mark Mühlau
- Department of NeurologyKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- TUM–Neuroimaging CenterKlinikum rechts der IsarTechnische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
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312
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Wang B, Huang M, Tao L, Lee SH, Jang AR, Li BW, Shin HS, Akinwande D, Ruoff RS. Support-Free Transfer of Ultrasmooth Graphene Films Facilitated by Self-Assembled Monolayers for Electronic Devices and Patterns. ACS Nano 2016; 10:1404-10. [PMID: 26701198 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We explored a support-free method for transferring large area graphene films grown by chemical vapor deposition to various fluoric self-assembled monolayer (F-SAM) modified substrates including SiO2/Si wafers, polyethylene terephthalate films, and glass. This method yields clean, ultrasmooth, and high-quality graphene films for promising applications such as transparent, conductive, and flexible films due to the absence of residues and limited structural defects such as cracks. The F-SAM introduced in the transfer process can also lead to graphene transistors with enhanced field-effect mobility (up to 10,663 cm(2)/Vs) and resistance modulation (up to 12×) on a standard silicon dioxide dielectric. Clean graphene patterns can be realized by transfer of graphene onto only the F-SAM modified surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming Huang
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Li Tao
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Sun Hwa Lee
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Bao-Wen Li
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Deji Akinwande
- Microelectronics Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas , Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Rodney S Ruoff
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
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313
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Lu H, Zhang H, Jin M, He T, Zhou G, Shui L. Two-Layer Microstructures Fabricated by One-Step Anisotropic Wet Etching of Si in KOH Solution. Micromachines (Basel) 2016; 7:mi7020019. [PMID: 30407392 PMCID: PMC6190326 DOI: 10.3390/mi7020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic etching of silicon in potassium hydroxide (KOH) is an important technology in micromachining. The residue deposition from KOH etching of Si is typically regarded as a disadvantage of this technology. In this report, we make use of this residue as a second masking layer to fabricate two-layer complex structures. Square patterns with size in the range of 15–150 μm and gap distance of 5 μm have been designed and tested. The residue masking layer appears when the substrate is over-etched in hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution over a threshold. The two-layer structures of micropyramids surrounded by wall-like structures are obtained according to the two different masking layers of SiO2 and residue. The residue masking layer is stable and can survive over KOH etching for long time to achieve deep Si etching. The process parameters of etchant concentration, temperature, etching time and pattern size have been investigated. With well-controlled two-layer structures, useful structures could be designed for applications in plasmonic and microfluidic devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lu
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Tao He
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lingling Shui
- Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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314
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Abstract
The dream as prediction seems inherently improbable. The bizarre occurrences in dreams never characterize everyday life. Dreams do not come true! But assuming that bizarreness negates expectations may rest on a misunderstanding of how the predictive brain works. In evolutionary terms, the ability to rapidly predict what sensory input implies-through expectations derived from discerning patterns in associated past experiences-would have enhanced fitness and survival. For example, food and water are essential for survival, associating past experiences (to identify location patterns) predicts where they can be found. Similarly, prediction may enable predator identification from what would have been only a fleeting and ambiguous stimulus-without prior expectations. To confront the many challenges associated with natural settings, visual perception is vital for humans (and most mammals) and often responses must be rapid. Predictive coding during wake may, therefore, be based on unconscious imagery so that visual perception is maintained and appropriate motor actions triggered quickly. Speed may also dictate the form of the imagery. Bizarreness, during REM dreaming, may result from a prospective code fusing phenomena with the same meaning-within a particular context. For example, if the context is possible predation, from the perspective of the prey two different predators can both mean the same (i.e., immediate danger) and require the same response (e.g., flight). Prospective coding may also prune redundancy from memories, to focus the image on the contextually-relevant elements only, thus, rendering the non-relevant phenomena indeterminate-another aspect of bizarreness. In sum, this paper offers an evolutionary take on REM dreaming as a form of prospective coding which identifies a probabilistic pattern in past events. This pattern is portrayed in an unconscious, associative, sensorimotor image which may support cognition in wake through being mobilized as a predictive code. A particular dream illustrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Llewellyn
- Faculty of Humanities, University of ManchesterManchester, UK
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315
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Sun J, Bao B, He M, Zhou H, Song Y. Recent Advances in Controlling the Depositing Morphologies of Inkjet Droplets. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:28086-99. [PMID: 26642390 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Inkjet printing has been widely used in functional material patterning for fabrication of optical/electrical devices. The depositing morphologies of inkjet droplets are critical to the resolution and performance of resulted functional patterns. This review summarizes various strategies to control the depositing morphologies of inkjet droplets, including suppressing and utilizing coffee-ring effect, employing liquid substrates, developing patterned substrates and controlling droplets coalescence. Moreover, the remaining challenges in controlling inkjet droplets are presented, and the broad research and application prospects of controlling nanomaterial patterning by inkjet printing are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Min He
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanlin Song
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Nanomaterials for Green Printing Technology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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316
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Estevan I, Falco C, Silvernail JF, Jandacka D. Comparison of Lower Limb Segments Kinematics in a Taekwondo Kick. An Approach to the Proximal to Distal Motion. J Hum Kinet 2015; 47:41-9. [PMID: 26557189 PMCID: PMC4633266 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In taekwondo, there is a lack of consensus about how the kick sequence occurs. The aim of this study was to analyse the peak velocity (resultant and value in each plane) of lower limb segments (thigh, shank and foot), and the time to reach this peak velocity in the kicking lower limb during the execution of the roundhouse kick technique. Ten experienced taekwondo athletes (five males and five females; mean age of 25.3 ±5.1 years; mean experience of 12.9 ±5.3 years) participated voluntarily in this study performing consecutive kicking trials to a target located at their sternum height. Measurements for the kinematic analysis were performed using two 3D force plates and an eight camera motion capture system. The results showed that the proximal segment reached a lower peak velocity (resultant and in each plane) than distal segments (except the peak velocity in the frontal plane where the thigh and shank presented similar values), with the distal segment taking the longest to reach this peak velocity (p < 0.01). Also, at the instant every segment reached the peak velocity, the velocity of the distal segment was higher than the proximal one (p < 0.01). It provides evidence about the sequential movement of the kicking lower limb segments. In conclusion, during the roundhouse kick in taekwondo inter-segment motion seems to be based on a proximo-distal pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Estevan
- Department of Teaching of Music, Plastic and Corporal Expression. University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Coral Falco
- Department of Health Promotion and Development. University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Daniel Jandacka
- Department of Human Movemente Studies. Human Motion Diagnostic Center. University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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317
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Truini A, Santos Pereira P, Cavazza A, Spagnolo P, Nosseir S, Longo L, Jukna A, Lococo F, Vincenzi G, Bogina G, Tiseo M, Rossi G. Classification of different patterns of pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 9:571-86. [PMID: 26313326 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2015.1083428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic increase of adenocarcinoma histology accounting for more than 50% of primary lung malignancies and the advent of effective molecular targeted-therapies against specific gene alterations characterizing this tumor type have led to the reconsideration of the pathologic classification of lung cancer. The new 2015 WHO classification provided the basis for a multidisciplinary approach emphasizing the close correlation among clinical, radiologic and molecular characteristics and histopathologic pattern of lung adenocarcinoma. The terms 'bronchioloalveolar carcinoma' and 'mixed adenocarcinoma' have been eliminated, introducing the concepts of 'adenocarcinoma in situ', 'minimally invasive adenocarcinoma' and the use of descriptive predominant patterns in invasive adenocarcinomas (lepidic, acinar, papillary, solid and micropapillary patterns). 'Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma' is the new definition for mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, and some variants of invasive adenocarcinoma have been included, namely colloid, enteric and fetal-type adenocarcinomas. A concise update of the immunomorphologic, radiological and molecular characteristics of the different histologic patterns of lung adenocarcinoma is reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Truini
- a 1 Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST and Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche (DIMI), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Poliana Santos Pereira
- b 2 Operative Unit of Pathologic Anatomy Hospital "Maggiore della Carità" of Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazza
- c 3 Department of Oncology and Advanced Technologies, Operative Unit of Oncology, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova/ I.R.C.C.S., Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Paolo Spagnolo
- d 4 Medical University Clinic, Canton Hospital Baselland, and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sofia Nosseir
- e 5 Section of Pathologic Anatomy, University Hospital Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Lucia Longo
- f 6 Medical Oncology Unit, Civic Hospital "Ramazzini", Carpi, Carpi, Italy
| | - Agita Jukna
- g 7 Pathology Institute, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Riga, Latvia
| | - Filippo Lococo
- h 8 Department of Surgery, Operative Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova/ I.R.C.C.S., Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giada Vincenzi
- i 9 Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bogina
- j 10 Section of Pathologic Anatomy, Hospital "Don Calabria", Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Marcello Tiseo
- k 11 Division of Medical Oncology University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulio Rossi
- l 12 University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
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318
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Seymoure BM, Aiello A. Keeping the band together: evidence for false boundary disruptive coloration in a butterfly. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1618-24. [PMID: 26109438 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a recent surge of evidence supporting disruptive coloration, in which patterns break up the animal's outline through false edges or boundaries, increasing survival in animals by reducing predator detection and/or preventing recognition. Although research has demonstrated that false edges are successful for reducing predation of prey, research into the role of internal false boundaries (i.e. stripes and bands) in reducing predation remains warranted. Many animals have stripes and bands that may function disruptively. Here, we test the possible disruptive function of wing band patterning in a butterfly, Anartia fatima, using artificial paper and plasticine models in Panama. We manipulated the band so that one model type had the band shifted to the wing margin (nondisruptive treatment) and another model had a discontinuous band located on the wing margin (discontinuous edge treatment). We kept the natural wing pattern to represent the false boundary treatment. Across all treatment groups, we standardized the area of colour and used avian visual models to confirm a match between manipulated and natural wing colours. False boundary models had higher survival than either the discontinuous edge model or the nondisruptive model. There was no survival difference between the discontinuous edge model and the nondisruptive model. Our results demonstrate the importance of wing bands in reducing predation on butterflies and show that markings set in from the wing margin can reduce predation more effectively than marginal bands and discontinuous marginal patterns. This study demonstrates an adaptive benefit of having stripes and bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Seymoure
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panamá, Republic of Panama
| | - A Aiello
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón, Panamá, Republic of Panama
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319
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Farhat S, Hussain SS, Rather YH, Hussain SK. Sociodemographic profile and pattern of opioid abuse among patients presenting to a de-addiction centre in tertiary care Hospital of Kashmir. J Basic Clin Pharm 2015; 6:94-7. [PMID: 26229346 PMCID: PMC4513338 DOI: 10.4103/0976-0105.160751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The substances abuse has become one of the major public health problems of present society. Recently there has been an increase in the incidence of substance abuse including that of opioids throughout the world. The proper assessment of the current trends and pattern of opioid abuse can be helpful in more effective intervention of this menace. MATERIALS AND METHODS To find out various socio-demographic variables and pattern of opioid abuse, a predevised questionnaire was administered to 200 opioid patients who presented to de-addiction center for treatment. RESULTS Majority of the participants (75%) were of young age group (20-30 years) and the mean age of subjects was 27.6 years. More than half of participants (55%) were abusing the opioid substances for < 3 years followed by 30% of the abusers who were using the opioids for 4-6 years. Oral route was the most common route(35%)of substance administration followed by chasing(13%) and intravenous(11%) routes. Diverted pharmaceuticals emerged as one of the common substances of abuse, and peer pressure was found to be the main reason to start substance abuse. CONCLUSION A comprehensive preventive program targeting young adults needs to be formulated and strict laws against sales of diverted pharmaceuticals to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Farhat
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Government Medical Collage Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Syed Sajad Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Government Medical Collage Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yasir Hassan Rather
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Government Medical Collage Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Syed Karrar Hussain
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Government Medical Collage Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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320
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Abstract
Background: Depigmented skin lesions are of great concern in the society, especially in the Indian subcontinent. These comprise many infective and inflammatory conditions that cause apprehension and anxiety among patients due to the social stigma attached to these conditions. Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis (IGH) appears similar to many depigmented lesions and differentiation of IGH from these conditions is difficult clinically as well as histopathologically. Methods: Clinically suspected IGH were included in the study. All IGH lesions were confirmed by histopathology. Clinical data and dermoscopic patterns were analyzed and presented in proportions and percentages. Results: Thirty patients were included in the study with 16 females and 14 males. Dermoscopy showed amoeboid, feathery, petaloid and nebuloid patterns in 12, 7, 6 and 1 patients respectively. Four patients had combination of these patterns. Conclusion: Dermoscopy of IGH revealed consistent patterns. Hence, we propose these patterns were specific to IGH and help clinician to differentiate many depigmented skin lesions from IGH in clinical practice. However, histopathology must be done for confirmation of diagnosis. Further studies on dermoscopy of IGH with histopathology correlation are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandra S Ankad
- Department of Dermatology, S. Nijalingappa Medical College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
| | - Savitha L Beergouder
- Department of Dermatology, S. Nijalingappa Medical College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
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321
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Fazeli Farsani S, Souverein PC, Overbeek JA, van der Vorst MMJ, Knibbe CAJ, Herings RMC, de Boer A, Mantel-Teeuwisse AK. Long term trends in oral antidiabetic drug use among children and adolescents in the Netherlands. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:294-303. [PMID: 25683632 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to document long term trends in oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) use among children and adolescents in the Netherlands. METHODS A population-based cohort study was conducted using the Dutch PHARMO Database Network. All patients younger than 20 years old with at least one OAD dispensing were identified. Age-adjusted and age-specific incidence (1999-2011) and prevalence (1998-2011) rates of OAD use were calculated. Trends over time were assessed using joinpoint regression software. A subset of PHARMO Database Network (including community pharmacy dispensing records linked to general practitioner data (OPD-GP database)) was used to assess indications for OADs. RESULTS In 2011, the overall age-adjusted incidence and prevalence rates of OAD use were 20.7/100 000 (95% CI 19.2, 22.1) person-years (PY) and 53.8/100 000 (95% CI 51.5, 56.1) persons, respectively. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) in the overall age-adjusted incidence rates from 1999 to 2011 was 18.9% (95% CI 4.5, 35.2). The incidence and prevalence rates of OAD use were higher among females and older age categories. The increases in rates of OAD use were mainly driven by metformin. For only 50% of the 98 patients in the OPD-GP database, indications for OAD prescriptions were reported with type 1 diabetes (n = 20), type 2 diabetes (n = 16), and overweight/obesity (n = 10). CONCLUSIONS Incidence and prevalence rates of OAD use in children and adolescents substantially increased in the Netherlands, especially among older age categories (10-14 and 15-19 years) and females. The main indications for use of OADs were type 1 and 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fazeli Farsani
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P C Souverein
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J A Overbeek
- PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M M J van der Vorst
- Department of Paediatrics, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - C A J Knibbe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.,Division of Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - R M C Herings
- PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A de Boer
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A K Mantel-Teeuwisse
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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322
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Zhang F, Zhang P, Hou J, Yun X, Li W, Du Q, Chen Y. Large scale anomalous patterns of muscovite mica discovered by atomic force microscopy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:8699-8705. [PMID: 25839085 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Muscovite mica is a widely used substrate because of its flatness. The large scale anomalous patterns of muscovite have been discovered by atomic force microscopy (AFM). These patterns distribute around the defects of the muscovite surface. By using different imaging modes and analyzing functions of AFM, these extraordinary patterns are thoroughly characterized, and it was revealed that some selected regularly aligned patterns mimic 2-D orthorhombic crystal systems surrounding the regular structure. However, such patterned nanostructures have no effects on the template-assisted self-assembly (or epitaxial growth) of a disease-related peptide GAV-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Jiahua Hou
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiaoling Yun
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Wanrong Li
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Qiqige Du
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Youjun Chen
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010018, China
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323
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Xu H, Li H, Ke Q, Chang J. An anisotropically and heterogeneously aligned patterned electrospun scaffold with tailored mechanical property and improved bioactivity for vascular tissue engineering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:8706-8718. [PMID: 25826222 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of vascular scaffolds with controlled mechanical properties and stimulatory effects on biological activities of endothelial cells still remains a significant challenge to vascular tissue engineering. In this work, we reported an innovative approach to prepare a new type of vascular scaffolds with anisotropically and heterogeneously aligned patterns using electrospinning technique with unique wire spring templates, and further investigated the structural effects of the patterned electrospun scaffolds on mechanical properties and angiogenic differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results showed that anisotropically aligned patterned nanofibrous structure was obtained by depositing nanofibers on template in a structurally different manner, one part of nanofibers densely deposited on the embossments of wire spring and formed cylindrical-like structures in the transverse direction, while others loosely suspended and aligned along the longitudinal direction, forming a three-dimensional porous microstructure. We further found that such structures could efficiently control the mechanical properties of electrospun vascular scaffolds in both longitudinal and transverse directions by altering the interval distances between the embossments of patterned scaffolds. When HUVECs were cultured on scaffolds with different microstructures, the patterned scaffolds distinctively promoted adhesion of HUVECs at early stage and proliferation during the culture period. Most importantly, cells experienced a large shape change associated with cell cytoskeleton and nuclei remodeling, leading to a stimulatory effect on angiogenesis differentiation of HUVECs by the patterned microstructures of electrospun scaffolds, and the scaffolds with larger distances of intervals showed a higher stimulatory effect. These results suggest that electrospun scaffolds with the anisotropically and heterogeneously aligned patterns, which could efficiently control the mechanical properties and bioactivities of the scaffolds, might have great potential in vascular tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Xu
- †School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- ‡College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No.100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- †School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qinfei Ke
- ‡College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, No.100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- †School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
- §State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
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324
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Greco F, Bellacicca A, Gemmi M, Cappello V, Mattoli V, Milani P. Conducting shrinkable nanocomposite based on au-nanoparticle implanted plastic sheet: tunable thermally induced surface wrinkling. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:7060-5. [PMID: 25811100 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A thermally shrinkable and conductive nanocomposite material is prepared by supersonic cluster beam implantation (SCBI) of neutral Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) into a commercially available thermo-retractable polystyrene (PS) sheet. Micronanowrinkling is obtained during shrinking, which is studied by means of SEM, TEM and AFM imaging. Characteristic periodicity is determined and correlated with nanoparticle implantation dose, which permits us to tune the topographic pattern. Remarkable differences emerged with respect to the well-known case of wrinkling of bilayer metal-polymer. Wrinkled composite surfaces are characterized by a peculiar multiscale structuring that promises potential technological applications in the field of catalytic surfaces, sensors, biointerfaces, and optics, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Greco
- †Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Andrea Bellacicca
- ‡CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- §Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Cappello
- §Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- †Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- ‡CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Ogunmuyiwa SA, Gbolahan OO, Ayantunde AA, Odewabi AA. Patterns, severity, and management of maxillofacial injuries in a suburban South Western Nigeria tertiary center. Niger J Surg 2015; 21:38-42. [PMID: 25838765 PMCID: PMC4382641 DOI: 10.4103/1117-6806.152732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma remains a leading cause of maxillofacial injury globally. Changing etiological factors and patterns of maxillofacial injury continue to be reported and are largely modulated by socio-geographic and environmental factors. It is important to have an in-depth understanding of the pattern and etiology in a particular region before effective preventive measures can be developed. AIM The aim was to evaluate the patterns, etiological factors, and management of maxillofacial injuries in Ogun state, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective descriptive cohort study of all consecutive patients that presented with maxillofacial injuries at our center between January and December 2013. Information about demographic data, types of maxillofacial and associated injury, etiology of injury, treatment received and complications were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Seventy patients presented with maxillofacial injury during the study period with a male to female ratio of 4:1. The age range was 9 months to 60 years with a mean of 30.11 ± standard deviation 14.97 years. Majority of the facial fractures were due to motorcycle related crashes. There were 57.1% mandibular fractures and 55.7% middle third fractures. Closed reduction with maxillo-mandibular fixation was the major method of treatment of facial fractures. Postoperative complications were observed in 11.4% of patients. CONCLUSION Road traffic crashes (RTCs) remain the leading etiological factor of maxillofacial injuries in our center. Enforcement of stricter traffic regulations and possibly replacement of motorcycles with tricycles for commercial transportation may help to reduce the incidence of RTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Aimiede Ogunmuyiwa
- Department of Dental Services, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Abiodun Abraham Ayantunde
- Department of Surgery, Southend University Hospital, Prittlewell Chase, Westcliff on Sea, Essex SS0 0RY, United Kingdom
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Liu J, Wang H, Chen ZP, Moehwald H, Fiechter S, van de Krol R, Wen L, Jiang L, Antonietti M. Microcontact-printing-assisted access of graphitic carbon nitride films with favorable textures toward photoelectrochemical application. Adv Mater 2015; 27:712-8. [PMID: 25492578 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An "ink" (cyanamide) infiltrated anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) stamp is found capable of printing carbon nitride films featuring regular microstructures of the stamp onto the substrates via in situ "chemical vapor deposition". A photocurrent density of 30.2 μA cm(-2 --) at 1.23 VRHE is achieved for a film on a conductive substrate, which is so far the highest value for pure carbon nitride based photoelectrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam, 14424, Germany
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327
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Lynch CP, Gebregziabher M, Axon RN, Hunt KE, Payne E, Egede LE. Geographic and racial/ethnic variations in patterns of multimorbidity burden in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Gen Intern Med 2015; 30:25-32. [PMID: 25127728 PMCID: PMC4284278 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-014-2990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity presents a significant public health challenge, but regional, rural/urban, and racial/ethnic differences in patterns of multimorbidity in diabetes are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To describe patterns of multimorbidity in medical and mental health by regional, rural/urban, and racial/ethnic variation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study from 2002 through 2006 PARTICIPANTS: A national cohort of 892,223 veterans with diabetes MAIN MEASURES Multimorbidity was the main outcome defined as: the measure of multimorbidity and two categorical outcomes, with pattern of medical and mental health comorbidities combined and separately. KEY RESULTS Among patients, 52% had 2+ comorbidities, 33% had a single comorbidity, and 14% had no comorbidity; 13.9% had both medical and mental health comorbidities, 70.3% had medical only, and 1.5% had mental health only. The odds of having 3+ comorbidities were nearly fourfold greater in patients 75 years and older relative to patients younger than 50 years (OR=3.95 [95% CI: 3.84, 4.06]). Compared to non-Hispanic whites, the odds of 3+ comorbidities among non-Hispanic blacks were 1.67 times greater (95% CI: 1.63, 1.71). Hispanics were more likely to have a mental health comorbidity alone (OR=1.20 [95% CI: 1.13, 1.28]) than non-Hispanic whites. For patients living in rural areas, the odds were higher of having 3+ comorbidities (OR=1.21 [95% CI: 1.19, 1.23]) and of having both medical and mental health comorbidities (OR=1.15 [95% CI: 1.13, 1.17]) compared to urban dwellers. CONCLUSIONS Among individuals with diabetes, traditionally disadvantaged groups, including non-Hispanic blacks and rural patients, appear to bear the greatest burden and risk of multimorbidity. Significantly greater odds with increasing number of comorbidities were seen by race/ethnicity, rural residence, and geographic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl P. Lynch
- />Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC USA
- />Center for Health Disparities Research, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, MSC 593, Charleston, SC 29425-0593 USA
| | - Mulugeta Gebregziabher
- />Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC USA
- />Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - R. Neal Axon
- />Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC USA
- />Center for Health Disparities Research, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, MSC 593, Charleston, SC 29425-0593 USA
| | - Kelly E. Hunt
- />Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC USA
- />Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Elizabeth Payne
- />Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC USA
- />Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Leonard E. Egede
- />Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC USA
- />Center for Health Disparities Research, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, MSC 593, Charleston, SC 29425-0593 USA
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Elachi IC, Okunola BB, Yongu WT, Onyemaechi NO, Odatuwa-Omagbemi OD, Ahachi CN, Mue DD. Motorcycle-related injuries at a university teaching hospital in north central Nigeria. Niger Med J 2014; 55:452-5. [PMID: 25538360 PMCID: PMC4262838 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.144693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Motorcycle-related injuries lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to determine the pattern and outcome of motorcycle-related injuries at Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria. Patients and Methods: Case records of all patients who presented to the accident and emergency department with motorcycle-related injuries between July 2012 and June 2013 were analysed for age, gender, injury host status (i.e. rider, pillion or pedestrian), nature of collision (motorcycle versus other vehicles, motorcycle versus motorcycle, motorcycle versus pedestrian or lone riders), body region injured, injury severity score (ISS) at arrival, length of hospital stay (LOS) and mortality. Results: Seventy - nine patients with motorcycle-related injuries were included in the study. They consisted of 63 males (61.8%) and 16 females (15.7%). The age range was 5-65 years with a mean of 32.4 ± 14.0. Motorcycle versus vehicle collisions were the most common mechanism of injury (n = 46, 58.2%). Musculoskeletal injuries constituted the most common injuries sustained (n = 50, 47.6%) and the tibia was the most frequently fractured bone (n = 14, 35.9%). The majority of patients (57.0%) sustained mild/moderate injuries (ISS ≤ 15). There was no statistically significant difference between the sexes for sustaining mild/moderate injuries or severe/profound injuries (P > 0.05). Mortality rate was 6.3% with head injuries being involved in all cases. Conclusion: Young males were mostly injured in motorcycle-related trauma. Musculoskeletal injuries were the most common injuries sustained and head injuries were involved in all the deaths. Enforcement of motorcycle crash bars and helmet usage is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itodo C Elachi
- Department of Surgery, Benue State University, Markurdi, Benue, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin B Okunola
- Depatment of Clinical Services, 45 Nigerian Air Force Hospital, Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria
| | - Williams T Yongu
- Department of Surgery, Benue State University, Markurdi, Benue, Nigeria
| | - Ndubuisi Oc Onyemaechi
- Department of Surgery, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Daniel D Mue
- Department of Surgery, Benue State University, Markurdi, Benue, Nigeria
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Odhiambo F, Galgalo T, Wences A, Muchemi OM, Kanyina EW, Tonui JC, Amwayi S, Boru W. Antimicrobial resistance: capacity and practices among clinical laboratories in Kenya, 2013. Pan Afr Med J 2014; 19:332. [PMID: 25918572 PMCID: PMC4405071 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2014.19.332.5159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is neglected in developing countries; associated with limited surveillance and unregulated use of antimicrobials. Consequently, delayed patient recoveries, deaths and further antimicrobial resistance occur. Recent gastroenteritis outbreak at a children's home associated with multidrug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella spp, raised concerns about the magnitude of the problem in Kenya, prompting antimicrobial resistance assessment preceding surveillance system establishment. Methods Eight public medical laboratories were conveniently selected. Questionnaires were administered to key informants to evaluate capacity, practice and utilization of antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Retrospective review of laboratory records determined antimicrobial resistance to isolates. Antimicrobial resistance was defined as resistance of a microorganism to an antimicrobial agent to which it was previously sensitive and multidrug resistance as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. Results The laboratories comprised; 2(25%) national, 4(50%) sub-national and 2(25%) district. Overall, antimicrobial susceptibility testing capacity was inadequate in all. Seven (88%) had basic capacity for stool cultures, 3(38%) had capacity for blood culture. Resistance to enteric organisms was observed with the following and other commonly prescribed antimicrobials, ampicillin: 40(91%) Salmonella spp isolates; Tetracycline: 16(84%) Shigella flexineri isolates; cotrimoxazole: 20(100%) Shigella spp isolates, 24(91%) Salmonella spp isolates. Comparable patterns of multidrug resistance were evident with Shigella flexineri and Salmonella typhimurium. Ten (100%) clinicians reported not using laboratory results for patient management, for various reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tura Galgalo
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Kenya
| | - Arvelo Wences
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Kenya
| | | | | | | | - Samwel Amwayi
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Kenya
| | - Waqo Boru
- Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Kenya
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330
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Bai L, Xie Z, Wang W, Yuan C, Zhao Y, Mu Z, Zhong Q, Gu Z. Bio-inspired vapor-responsive colloidal photonic crystal patterns by inkjet printing. ACS Nano 2014; 8:11094-100. [PMID: 25300045 DOI: 10.1021/nn504659p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Facile, fast, and cost-effective technology for patterning of responsive colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) is of great importance for their practical applications. In this report, we develop a kind of responsive CPC patterns with multicolor shifting properties by inkjet printing mesoporous colloidal nanoparticle ink on both rigid and soft substrates. By adjusting the size and mesopores' proportion of nanoparticles, we can precisely control the original color and vapor-responsive color shift extent of mesoporous CPC. As a consequence, multicolor mesoporous CPCs patterns with complex vapor responsive color shifts or vapor-revealed implicit images are subsequently achieved. The complicated and reversible multicolor shifts of mesoporous CPC patterns are favorable for immediate recognition by naked eyes but hard to copy. This approach is favorable for integration of responsive CPCs with controllable responsive optical properties. Therefore, it is of great promise for developing advanced responsive CPC devices such as anticounterfeiting devices, multifunctional microchips, sensor arrays, or dynamic displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210096, China
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331
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Emodi IJ, Ikefuna AN, Ujunwa FA, Chinawa JM. Synopsis of non-communicable diseases in children admitted to the paediatric ward of the university of Nigeria teaching hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Nigeria: A ten year review. Niger Med J 2014; 55:499-503. [PMID: 25538370 PMCID: PMC4262848 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.144708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases are increasing worldwide due to rapidly changing lifestyles and socio-economic status. It is contributing significantly to the global burden of diseases. OBJECTIVE To determine the pattern of non-communicable diseases in children admitted into the Paediatrics ward in a tertiary health centre in Enugu. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of admissions into the Paediatrics ward of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, between January 1999 and December 2008 was done using the registry of admission and discharge. RESULTS The age range of patients admitted during the period was 2 months to 18 years (mean 5.27 ± 5.42 years). There were 1173 (59.6%) males and 796 (40.4%) females. Disorders of the haematological system accounted for 514 (23.3%) of the non-communicable diseases among the admissions, malignancies accounted for 424 (19.2%) among the admissions, whereas the renal, central nervous, and cardiovascular systems were involved in 282 (12.8%), 274 (12.4%), and 241 (10.9%) patients, respectively. There were 274 (12.4%) deaths and 1667 (75.5%) discharges while 38 (1.7%) were discharged against medical advice. Data on 221(10.2%) of the patients were reported missing. Malignancies contributed to 75 (27.3%) of the deaths, haematological disorders accounted for 44 (16%) whereas renal disorders and nutritional disorders contributed to 43 (15.7%) and 41 (15%) of the deaths, respectively. CONCLUSION Non-communicable diseases affect children in our environment and contribute to morbidity and mortality in children. Strategies to prevent these diseases should be encouraged in order to avert the challenges of double burden of the diseases in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- IJ Emodi
- Professor and Consultant Paediatrician, Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria
| | - AN Ikefuna
- Senior Lecturer/Consultant Paediatrician, Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria
| | - FA Ujunwa
- Consultant Paediatrician, Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria
| | - JM Chinawa
- Lecturer/Consultant Paediatrician, Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, Nigeria
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Abstract
During its development, the skin produces an array of evenly spaced hair follicles. How the location of each follicle is determined to produce this pattern has been the subject of study and speculation for several decades. A central unresolved issue is the extent to which movement of scattered, precommitted follicle cells might play a role in this process. Xavier et al. now report the identification of subpopulations of dermal cells in developing sheep skin which are positive for Delta1 expression, suggesting that these cells may represent precommitted dermal papilla cells and that dermal Notch pathway signalling plays a role in hair follicle patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Headon
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
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333
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Iyoke CA, Lawani OL, Ezugwu EC, Ilechukwu G, Nkwo PO, Mba SG, Asinobi IN. Prevalence and perinatal mortality associated with preterm births in a tertiary medical center in South East Nigeria. Int J Womens Health 2014; 6:881-8. [PMID: 25378955 PMCID: PMC4207576 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s72229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth is a high risk condition associated with significant mortality and morbidity in the perinatal, neonatal, and childhood periods, and even in adulthood. Knowledge of the epidemiology of preterm births is necessary for planning appropriate maternal and fetal care. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, pattern, and perinatal mortality associated with preterm births at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, South East Nigeria. METHODS This was a review of prospectively collected routine delivery data involving preterm deliveries that occurred between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics at 95% level of confidence using SPSS version 17.0 for Windows. RESULTS There were 3,760 live births over the 5-year study period out of which 636 were preterm births, giving a prevalence rate of 16.9%. Spontaneous preterm births occurred in approximately 57% of preterm births while provider-initiated births occurred in 43%. The mean gestational age at preterm deliveries was 32.6±3.2 weeks while the mean birth weight was 2.0±0.8 kilograms. Approximately 89% of preterm births involved singleton pregnancies. Sixty-eight percent of preterm births were moderate to late preterm. The male:female ratio of preterm babies born during the period was 1.2:1. The adjusted perinatal mortality rate for preterm babies in the study center was 46.1% (236/512). The stillbirth rate for preterm babies was 22.0% (149/678) and the adjusted early neonatal death rate was 24.0% (87/363). CONCLUSION The prevalence of preterm births and associated perinatal mortality were high which may be a reflection of suboptimal prenatal and newborn care. An urgent improvement in prenatal and newborn care is therefore needed in the study center in order to improve the capacity to prevent or abate preterm labor, and preterm premature rupture of membranes; and to reduce avoidable stillbirths. Further upgrading of personnel and facilities in the newborn special care unit is also required to minimize early neonatal deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuemeka Anthony Iyoke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Osaheni Lucky Lawani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Euzebus Chinonye Ezugwu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Gideon Ilechukwu
- Department of Paediatrics, Whiston Hospital, St Helen's and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot, Lancashire, UK
| | - Peter Onubiwe Nkwo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Gabriel Mba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Isaac Nwabueze Asinobi
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
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334
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Busscher N, Kahl J, Ploeger A. From needles to pattern in food quality determination. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:2578-2581. [PMID: 24281794 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas Busscher
- University of Kassel, Organic Agriculture, Department of Organic Food Quality and Food Culture, D-37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
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335
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Wang X, O'Dwyer N, Halaki M. A review on the coordinative structure of human walking and the application of principal component analysis. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:662-70. [PMID: 25206712 PMCID: PMC4145987 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Walking is a complex task which includes hundreds of muscles, bones and joints working together to deliver smooth movements. With the complexity, walking has been widely investigated in order to identify the pattern of multi-segment movement and reveal the control mechanism. The degree of freedom and dimensional properties provide a view of the coordinative structure during walking, which has been extensively studied by using dimension reduction technique. In this paper, the studies related to the coordinative structure, dimensions detection and pattern reorganization during walking have been reviewed. Principal component analysis, as a popular technique, is widely used in the processing of human movement data. Both the principle and the outcomes of principal component analysis were introduced in this paper. This technique has been reported to successfully reduce the redundancy within the original data, identify the physical meaning represented by the extracted principal components and discriminate the different patterns. The coordinative structure during walking assessed by this technique could provide further information of the body control mechanism and correlate walking pattern with injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguang Wang
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Sydney, Australia ; School of Science and Health, The University of Western Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas O'Dwyer
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Sydney, Australia ; School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Australia
| | - Mark Halaki
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Kesande T, Muwazi LM, Bataringaya A, Rwenyonyi CM. Prevalence, pattern and perceptions of cleft lip and cleft palate among children born in two hospitals in Kisoro District, Uganda. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:104. [PMID: 25135242 PMCID: PMC4139140 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies that affect the oro-facial region. The aim of the study was to determine the period prevalence, pattern and perceptions of cleft lip and cleft palate in children born between 2005 and 2010 in two hospitals in Kisoro District, Uganda. METHODS The study involved a retrospective review of medical records of mothers who delivered live babies between January 2005 and December 2010 in Kisoro Hospital and St. Francis Hospital, Mutolere in Kisoro District. Key informant interviews of mothers (n = 20) of the children with cleft lip and/or clip palate and selected medical staff (n = 24) of the two hospitals were carried out. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Over the 6 year period, 25,985 mothers delivered live babies in Kisoro Hospital (n = 13,199) and St. Francis Hospital, Mutolere (n = 12,786) with 20 babies having oro-facial clefts. The overall period prevalence of the clefts was 0.77/1,000 live births. Sixty percent (n = 12) of children had combined cleft lip and palate and the same proportion had clefts on the left side of the face. More boys were affected than girls: 13 versus 7. About 45% of mothers were hurt on realizing that they had delivered a child with an oro-facial cleft. Forty percent of mothers indicated that a child with oro-facial cleft was regarded as an outcast. About 91.7% (n = 22) of the medical staff reported that these children were not accepted in their communities. Surgical intervention and psychosocial support were the management modalities advocated for by most respondents. CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS The period prevalence of combined cleft lip and palate in two hospitals in Kisoro District was comparable to some findings elsewhere. Cleft lip and cleft palate are a medical and psychosocial problem in Kisoro District that calls for sensitization and counseling of the families and communities of the affected children. The policy makers need to strategically plan for provision of rehabilitation with feeding obturators to facilitate easy feeding to gain weight before surgical intervention of the affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teopista Kesande
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mulago Hospital, P.O. Box 7071, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Louis Mugambe Muwazi
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aisha Bataringaya
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles Mugisha Rwenyonyi
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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Bai H, Wang L, Ju J, Sun R, Zheng Y, Jiang L. Efficient water collection on integrative bioinspired surfaces with star-shaped wettability patterns. Adv Mater 2014; 26:5025-30. [PMID: 24847736 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the water-collecting strategies of desert beetles and spider silk, a novel kind of surface with star-shaped wettablity patterns has been developed. By combining both wettability and shape gradients, the as-prepared surface has gained higher efficiency in water collection compared to circle-shaped wettability patterns and uniformly superhydrophilic or superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Bai
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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338
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Tuft BW, Xu L, White SP, Seline AE, Erwood AM, Hansen MR, Guymon CA. Neural pathfinding on uni- and multidirectional photopolymerized micro patterns. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:11265-76. [PMID: 24911660 PMCID: PMC4215840 DOI: 10.1021/am501622a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming signal resolution barriers of neural prostheses, such as the commercially available cochlear impant (CI) or the developing retinal implant, will likely require spatial control of regenerative neural elements. To rationally design materials that direct nerve growth, it is first necessary to determine pathfinding behavior of de novo neurite growth from prosthesis-relevant cells such as spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the inner ear. Accordingly, in this work, repeating 90° turns were fabricated as multidirectional micropatterns to determine SGN neurite turning capability and pathfinding. Unidirectional micropatterns and unpatterned substrates are used as comparisons. Spiral ganglion Schwann cell alignment (SGSC) is also examined on each surface type. Micropatterns are fabricated using the spatial reaction control inherent to photopolymerization with photomasks that have either parallel line spacing gratings for unidirectional patterns or repeating 90° angle steps for multidirectional patterns. Feature depth is controlled by modulating UV exposure time by shuttering the light source at given time increments. Substrate topography is characterized by white light interferometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both pattern types exhibit features that are 25 μm in width and 7.4 ± 0.7 μm in depth. SGN neurites orient randomly on unpatterned photopolymer controls, align and consistently track unidirectional patterns, and are substantially influenced by, but do not consistently track, multidirectional turning cues. Neurite lengths are 20% shorter on multidirectional substrates compared to unidirectional patterns while neurite branching and microfeature crossing events are significantly higher. For both pattern types, the majority of the neurite length is located in depressed surface features. Developing methods to understand neural pathfinding and to guide de novo neurite growth to specific stimulatory elements will enable design of innovative biomaterials that improve functional outcomes of devices that interface with the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W. Tuft
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242,
United States, United States
| | - Linjing Xu
- Department
of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Hospitals
and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States, United States
| | - Scott P. White
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242,
United States, United States
| | - Alison E. Seline
- Department
of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Hospitals
and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States, United States
| | - Andrew M. Erwood
- Department
of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Hospitals
and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States, United States
| | - Marlan R. Hansen
- Department
of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Hospitals
and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States, United States
| | - C. Allan Guymon
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242,
United States, United States
- Tel.:(319)335-5015
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339
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Zhang Y, Wang F, Ning N, Chen Q, Yang Z, Guo Y, Xu D, Zhang D, Zhan T, Cui W. Patterns of circulating tumor cells identified by CEP8, CK and CD45 in pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1228-33. [PMID: 25042121 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To improve the identification for CTCs with weak or negative CK and diploid CTCs in pancreatic cancer, we combined immune-staining of CK, CD45, DAPI and fluorescence in situ hybridization with the centromere of chromosome 8 (CEP8) probe method. CTCs in 3.75 mL of blood were depleted for CD45 positive cells with anti-CD45 antibodies and identified by combining CK, CD45, DAPI and CEP8 in 61 cases including 22 pancreatic cancers, 3 borderline pancreatic solid pseudopapillary tumors, 6 pancreatic benign tumors, and 30 healthy individuals. We found that enriched cells could be classified into 5 patterns: CK+CD45-DAPI+CEP8=2 (2 hybridization signals), CK+CD45-DAPI+CEP8>2 (>2 hybridization signals), CK-CD45-DAPI+CEP8>2, CK-CD45-DAPI+CEP8=2, and CK+/-CD45+DAPI+CEP8=2 or >2. Among 22 pancreatic cancers, CK+CD45-DAPI+CEP8=2 and CK+CD45-DAPI+CEP8>2 patterns were identified in two cases, and CK-CD45- DAPI+CEP8>2 pattern was identified in 16 cases. CK-CD45-DAPI+CEP8=2 and CK+/-CD45+DAPI+CEP8=2 or >2 patterns were detected in pancreatic cancers, other pancreatic diseases and healthy individuals. Among the five patterns, CK+CD45-DAPI+CEP8=2, CK+CD45-DAPI+CEP8>2 and CK-CD45-DAPI+CEP8>2 were considered as CTCs, while CK-CD45-DAPI+CEP8=2 and CK+/-CD45+DAPI+CEP8=2 or >2 were considered as indeterminate cells. When the cutoff value was set as 2 cells/3.75 mL based on ROC curve, the sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was 68.18 and 94.87%, respectively. Dynamically monitoring CTCs changes prior to and after surgery in pancreatic patients revealed that CTCs count decreased in 3 days after surgery, but increased in 10 days after surgery in most patients. During our one and a half year follow-up, CTCs positive patients showed metastasis and worse survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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340
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Alsafadi TRM, Hashmi SM, Youssef HA, Suliman AK, Abbas HM, Albaloushi MH. Polycythemia in neonatal intensive care unit, risk factors, symptoms, pattern, and management controversy. J Clin Neonatol 2014; 3:93-8. [PMID: 25024975 PMCID: PMC4089135 DOI: 10.4103/2249-4847.134683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycythemia (PC) is defined as venous hematocrit (hct) ≥65%. Its incidence is high among certain risk factors (RFs). Its management is controversy. Aims: To determine: (1) The incidence of PC in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). (2) Most common RF, symptoms, and laboratory abnormalities (LA) associated with PC and their effect on the length of hospital stay (LOS). (3) Whether noninvasive interventions are effective in reducing hct. (4) Hct pattern of PC neonates. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: NICU at a maternity and children hospital. Materials and Methods: Records review of all neonates from March 2011 to August 2013. Inclusions criteria were: (1) Venous hct ≥65%. (2) Neonates born in our institution. (3) Early umbilical cord clamping. (4) Gestational age ≥34 weeks. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square and multiple regression analysis. Results: One hundred and one PC neonates were eligible. Incidence of PC in our NICU is 14.5%. The most common RF, symptoms, and LA were: Small for gestational age, jaundice and hypoglycemia respectively. Tachypnea ( P - 0.04) and oliguria (P - 0.03) significantly prolonged LOS. Noninvasive interventions or observation could not reduce the hct significantly (P - 0.24). The hcts mean peaked maximally at a mean of 2.8 h of age. Conclusion: PC incidence in our NICU is higher than the reported incidence in healthy newborns. Most of the PC neonates were either symptomatic or having LA. Noninvasive interventions or observation were not effective in reducing hct in polycythemic neonates. Hct in both healthy and PC neonates peaked at the same pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saad Manzoor Hashmi
- Department of Pediatric, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aziziah Maternity and Children Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Atta Youssef
- Department of Pediatric, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aziziah Maternity and Children Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Khogali Suliman
- Department of Pediatric, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aziziah Maternity and Children Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa'A Mansour Abbas
- Department of Pediatric, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aziziah Maternity and Children Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Hakem Albaloushi
- Department of Pediatric, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aziziah Maternity and Children Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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341
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Abstract
Background: Abdominal pain of sudden onset is the hallmark of most non-traumatic emergency surgical presentations. This presents a scenario of urgency to the young surgeon who has to determine which of a myriad of disease conditions the patient is presenting with. Such a physician has to rely on experience and a sound knowledge of the local aetiological spectrum in making a clinical diagnosis. Objective: To determine the epidemiology and aetiological spectrum of diseases presenting as acute abdomen in the adult population at the hospital surgical emergency unit. Patients and Methods: Two hundred and seventy-six patients presenting at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital emergency unit and managed by the general surgeons between 1st of May 2009 and 30th of April 2010 were recruited and followed-up throughout the period of admission. The biodata and clinical information inclusive of diagnosis, investigations, treatment modality and outcome were entered in a structured questioner. Standardised treatment was given to all patients and difficulties encountered in their management were also noted. The data collected was evaluated using SPSS16. Results: Acute abdomen constituted 9.6% of total surgical emergency admissions with patients aged 16-45 years constituting 78.3%. The commonest cause of acute abdomen was appendicitis (30.3%) followed by intestinal obstruction (27.9%), perforated typhoid ileitis 14.9% and peptic ulcer disease (7.6%), respectively. Conclusion: The result from the study is similar to what has been reported in other tropical settings with inflammatory lesions being the major problem. There is also a rising incidence of post-operative adhesions and gradual decline in incidence of obstructed hernia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Owoade Agboola
- Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara ; Surgery, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria
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342
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Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing prevalence of systems allowing automated, real-time transmission of blood glucose data there is a need for pattern recognition techniques that can inform of deleterious patterns in glycemic control when people test. We evaluated the utility of pattern identification with a novel pattern identification system named Vigilant™ and compared it to standard pattern identification methods in diabetes. METHOD To characterize the importance of an identified pattern we evaluated the relative risk of future hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events in diurnal periods following identification of a pattern in a data set of 536 patients with diabetes. We evaluated events 2 days, 7 days, 30 days, and 61-90 days from pattern identification, across diabetes types and cohorts of glycemic control, and also compared the system to 6 pattern identification methods consisting of deleterious event counts and percentages over 5-, 14-, and 30-day windows. RESULTS Episodes of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, severe hypoglycemia, and severe hyperglycemia were 120%, 46%, 123%, and 76% more likely after pattern identification, respectively, compared to periods when no pattern was identified. The system was also significantly more predictive of deleterious events than other pattern identification methods evaluated, and was persistently predictive up to 3 months after pattern identification. CONCLUSIONS The system identified patterns that are significantly predictive of deleterious glycemic events, and more so relative to many pattern identification methods used in diabetes management today. Further study will inform how improved pattern identification can lead to improved glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Otto
- InSpark Technologies, Inc, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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343
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Zhang X, Zhu J, Huang X, Qian Q, He Y, Chi L, Wang Y. Controllable and facile fabrication of gold nanostructures for selective metal-assisted etching of silicon. Small 2014; 10:2451-2458. [PMID: 24599660 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A method with the combination of organic-vapor-assisted polymer swelling and nanotransfer printing (nTP) is used to manufacture desirable patterns consisting of gold nano-clusters on silicon wafers for Au-assisted etching of silicon. This method remarkably benefits to the size control and regional selection of the deposited Au. By tuning the thickness of the Au films deposited on the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps, along with the swelling of PDMS stamps in acetone atmosphere, the Au films are cracked into diverse nanostructures. These nanostructures are covalently transferred onto silicon substrates in a large scale and enable to accelerate the chemical etching of silicon. The etched areas are composed of porous structures which can be readily distinguished from the surroundings on optical microscope. PDMS stamps and the Au clusters provide the control over the feature of the etched areas and the porous silicon, respectively. The silicon surfaces with patterned porous features offer a platform for exploiting new functional templates, for example, they present a diversity of antireflective and fluorescent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
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344
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Oguonu T, Adaeze Ayuk C, Edelu BO, Ndu IK. Pattern of respiratory diseases in children presenting to the paediatric emergency unit of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu: a case series report. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14:101. [PMID: 24916799 PMCID: PMC4088915 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases are one of the causes of childhood morbidity and mortality as well as hospitalization globally. The patterns of different respiratory illnesses in several parts of the world have been reported but there are few on the combined burden of the diseases. Determination of the burden of respiratory diseases as a group will help ascertain their collective impact on the health systems in order to develop intervention measures. METHODS Data from case notes of children with respiratory diseases admitted to the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria over a six year period were extracted. Age, gender, admission rates, types of respiratory illness, duration of admission, season of presentation and outcome were analysed. Descriptive and inferential (Chi square) statistics were used to describe the various disease types and ascertain association of the disease outcome, seasonal pattern with the types of diseases. RESULTS Of the total of 8974 children admissions, 2214 (24.7%) were due to respiratory diseases. The mean age of all the children with respiratory diseases was 3.3 years (SD 3.9). Communicable diseases were the common cause of admission cases throughout the seasons, p < 0.001. The highest admission rates were for pneumonia, (34.0%), acute bronchial asthma, (27.7%) and rhinosinusitis (14.6%) p < 0.001. The frequency of respiratory disease decreases with age and children less than five years of age and of low socio-economic status were commonly affected, p=0.01. The median duration of hospital stay was two days [range 1 to 8 days], children less than five years old and those of low socio-economic status, spent more than four days (p=0.01 and p < 0.001 respectively). The all-cause mortality was 0.5% (11/2214) of which 81.8% (9/11) was due to pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory diseases constitute a significant burden of childhood illnesses in our centre. Efforts are required to reduce the impact as part of the steps towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagbo Oguonu
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Ikenna Kingsley Ndu
- Department of Paediatrics, Enugu State University of Technology Teaching Hospital Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
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345
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Kim SW, Yun JH, Son B, Lee YG, Kim KM, Lee YM, Cho KY. Graphite/silicon hybrid electrodes using a 3D current collector for flexible batteries. Adv Mater 2014; 26:2977-2982. [PMID: 24519985 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A flexible hybrid anode from graphite and thin film silicon is realized by the concept of a 3D sandwich current collector by the combination of micro-contact printing and RF magnetron sputtering. Flexible lithium-ion batteries with a new hybrid anode demonstrate not only enhanced specific capacity but also improved rate capability compared to that of a conventional graphite anode under bending deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Cheonan, Chungnam, 331-717, Korea
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346
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Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prescribing trends and costs of drugs in the emergency department (ED) at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), a tertiary care hospital, in Muscat, the Sultanate of Oman. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of all patients (n = 300) who attended the ED at SQUH in May 2012. Analyses were performed using descriptive and univariate statistics. Results: The average age of patients was 34 ± 19 years. The average number of drugs prescribed per patients was 3.2 ± 1.9 and the majority of the patients (n = 78; 26%) received two drugs. The most common route of drug administration was the oral route (n = 481; 51%) followed by parenterally (n = 357; 38%). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the most commonly prescribed class of drugs (38%) followed by the gastro-intestinal tract drugs (19%) and central nervous system drugs (13%). The average cost per prescription was 242 ± 632 US$. Morphine had the highest cost (1885 US$) followed by cefuroxime (1404 US$) and filgrastim (939 US$) over the 1-month period. There was a significant positive correlation between hospital cost and age (P < 0.001), duration of stay at the ED (P = 0.008) and emergency types (P < 0.001). Conclusion: NSAIDs were the most frequent class of drugs administered to patients. Highest number of drugs was prescribed for cardiovascular diseases followed by respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. Anti-infective drugs cost was the highest among all other classes. The results of the present study are attempts to highlight the importance of strategies that have to be implemented to optimize medication use at the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Al Balushi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Oman
| | - S Al-Shibli
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Oman
| | - I Al-Zakwani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Oman ; Gulf Health Research, Muscat, Oman
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347
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Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) in the wrist usually develops in a pattern described as scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC). We observed an alternative pattern of OA that involves the lunocapitate joint in isolation with minimal involvement of the radioscaphoid articulation. Case Series The series was observed from a series of 100 wrist radiographs that were retrospectively reviewed. In order to characterize the alternative pattern of OA, we compared demographic data, presentation, and physical and radiographic examination characteristics between the patients with lunocapitate OA and SLAC wrists. Fifteen radiographs showed OA, nine had a SLAC pattern, and six had lunocapitate OA. The demographics were similar, but the clinical presentation was different. The patients with lunocapitate OA had less tenderness over the snuffbox (P < 0.03), and a lower percentage of a positive scaphoid shift test (P < 0.005). Isolated lunocapitate OA had a higher association with scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) arthritis (P < 0.004). The SLAC group had an increased scapholunate gap (P = 0.0003). Discussion The presentation of lunocapitate OA differs from SLAC wrist in a number of ways. Further study is necessary to understand the clinical implications of this pattern. Level IV evidence Case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Wollstein
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Carmel Lady Davis Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Frederick Werner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Louis A. Gilula
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
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348
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Heilmaier C, Koester A, Moysidis T, Weishaupt D, Kröger K. Abdominal aortic calcification and its distribution in normal-sized and aneurysmatic abdominal aortas. VASA 2014; 43:132-40. [PMID: 24627319 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) is more and more used for evaluation and quantification of coronary artery calcification, but correlation between the degree of calcification and occurrence of clinical events is also known for other vascular beds such as the aorta. PURPOSE To assess possible differences in amount and pattern of calcification in aneurysmatic and non-aneurysmatic abdominal aortas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-four subjects displayed infrarenal abdominal aneurysm (AAA) and were compared to 33 patients with normal-sized aortas using MDCT. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed by two radiologists. Calcium scores were assessed for the whole abdominal aorta as well as separately for the supra- and infrarenal segments. Moreover, plaque patterns were evaluated and classified according to their thickness and size. Furthermore, calcium scores were correlated with a number of cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Total calcium scores were comparable in patients with and without AAA (1,213 ± 1,351 and 1,211 ± 1,535, respectively), but significant differences were found regarding plaque density that was considerably higher both in the supra- and infrarenal segments in the non-aneurysmatic group (AAA: suprarenal, 0.01, infrarenal, 0.07; non-AAA: suprarenal, 0.06, infrarenal, 0.16). Plaque pattern were considerably different in the infrarenal segments in aneurysmatic aortas: they were thinner (1 and 2 mm) and smaller (< 100 mm2) than in normal-sized aortas (mainly > 3mm and > 100 mm2). Distribution of risk factors was similar in both groups with the highest mean calcium score being present in patients with 4 risk factors. Pearson's correlation coefficient indicating correlation between total calcium score and number of risk factors was almost the same in both groups: AAA, r = 0.67; non-AAA, r = 0.65. CONCLUSIONS Compared to normal-sized aortas thinner and smaller plaques are present in AAA, which may be due to degenerative processes.
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349
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Lacout A, Chevenet C, Thariat J, Figl A, Marcy PY. Qualitative ultrasound elastography assessment of benign thyroid nodules: Patterns and intra-observer acquisition variability. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2014; 23:337-41. [PMID: 24604938 PMCID: PMC3932576 DOI: 10.4103/0971-3026.125612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report and evaluate qualitative elastography patterns by using gray-scale and Doppler ultrasound (US) in patients presenting with benign thyroid nodules and to evaluate the reproducibility of US elastography examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval was obtained, and all patients provided informed consent. Over a 3-month time period, all consecutive adult patients were referred to our institution to undergo a thyroid nodule fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) procedure. Patients presenting with benign cytology according to the Bethesda 2008 classification were prospectively enrolled in the study. Each thyroid nodule was assessed by using gray-scale, Doppler US, and elastography acquisitions by a single operator (A. L.). Multiple elastography acquisitions per thyroid nodule were performed and elastography scorings of the nodules were compared with each other. RESULTS Nineteen patients (16 women and 3 men, mean age 58 years) with 22 thyroid nodules were included in the present study. Elastographic patterns 1, 2, and 3 were reported (23% nodules showed pattern 3). The elastography pattern showed a strong variability in 13 nodules (59%). The elastography acquisition result variability involved the "malignant" pattern 3 in 36% of cases. CONCLUSION Almost one-third of benign thyroid nodules displayed pattern 3 on qualitative US elastography. The intra-observer variability of the benign thyroid elastography scoring is wide, thus limiting the thyroid nodule US examination accuracy. In FNAB-proven benign thyroid nodules, elastography pattern 3 is frequent and cannot be used as a strong indicator of thyroid malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Lacout
- Centre d'imagerie Médicale, 47 Boulevard du Pont Rouge, 15000 Aurillac, France
| | - Carole Chevenet
- Centre de Pathologie, 23 av République, 15000 Aurillac, France
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Research Center, 33 Avenue Valombrose, 06189 NICE cedex 1, France
| | - Andrea Figl
- Department Oncology Breast Surgery, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Research Center, 33 Avenue Valombrose, 06189 NICE cedex 1, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Marcy
- Department of Medical Imaging, François Baclesse Center, 3, Avenue du Général Harris, 14076 Caen cedex 05, France
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350
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Toledo-Pastrana T, Hernández MJG, Camacho Martínez FM. Perifollicular erythema as a trichoscopy sign of progression in frontal fibrosing alopecia. Int J Trichology 2014; 5:151-3. [PMID: 24574696 PMCID: PMC3927175 DOI: 10.4103/0974-7753.125616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) in an entity characterized by the recession of the frontotemporal hairline (FTHL) with alopecic scarring change. In recent years there are numerous articles discussing the usefulness of dermoscopy for the clinical diagnosis of different types of scarring alopecia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We value 79 patients diagnosed with FFA, evaluating some trichoscopical findings described as typical for FFA: Absence of follicular opening, follicular hyperkeratosis, follicular plugs and erythema. RESULTS In a population of 79 women, 100% showed no follicular opening, 72.1% follicular hyperkeratosis, 66.3% perifollicular erythema and 44.8% follicular plugs. Thus, 100% of patients had at least one of the dermoscopic elements described as suggestive of FFA, 53% two of them, 45% three and 27%, all those elements. Perifollicular erythema was present in 95% of cases in which the disease was active. CONCLUSIONS We consider that the presence of perifollicular erythema will be a direct marker of FFA activity.
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