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Solomon SD, Kytömaa H, Celi AC, Maas LC, Chou L, Hopkins J, Caguioa E, Lee RT. Myocardial tissue characterization by autocorrelation of two-dimensional ultrasonic backscatter. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1994; 7:631-40. [PMID: 7840991 DOI: 10.1016/s0894-7317(14)80086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate a novel method for determining the spatial distribution of echocardiographic information based on the two-dimensional autocorrelation function, echocardiographic images were obtained from specific regions of interest from 10 healthy volunteers, seven patients with genetically defined hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and nine patients with pressure-overload hypertrophy. The wavelength of distinct peaks from the two-dimensional autocorrelation of the images was compared between groups of patients and demonstrated a significant decrease in the mean length scale associated with distinct secondary correlation peaks in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or pressure-overload hypertrophy compared with healthy volunteers (p = 0.0009). With a discriminating wavelength of 3.3 mm, the sensitivity of this technique for detecting abnormal myocardium was 84% with a specificity of 89%. This study suggests that ultrasonic tissue characterization based on the two-dimensional autocorrelation function may have potential for distinguishing normal from abnormal myocardium and provides a rationale for textural approaches to ultrasonic tissue characterization.
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152
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Fiskerstrand CE, Hopkins J, Sargan DR. Interleukin-1 receptor expression by ovine afferent lymph dendritic cells: response to secondary antigen challenge. Eur J Immunol 1994; 24:2351-6. [PMID: 7925563 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830241014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1 is thought to enhance the function of antigen presenting cells of the dendritic cell lineage. To investigate the interaction of IL-1 and dendritic cells recombinant ovine IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta have been used to determine IL-1 receptor (R) expression on fresh dendritic cells (ALDC) collected from cannulated sheep pseudoafferent lymph ducts, both prior to and in response to localized ovalbumin challenge. Resting ovine ALDC express approximately 510 IL-1R per cell for IL-1 alpha (Kd approximately 30 pM) and approximately 350 IL-1R/cell for IL-1 beta (Kd approximately 160 pM). Saturation binding and in situ analyses show an initial transient but dramatic increase in IL-1 alpha binding to ALDC by 4 h in response to ovalbumin challenge of primed sheep. Maximal IL-1R expression, reaching > or = 21700 IL-1R/cell for IL-1 alpha detected by around 48 h, was followed by a gradual return to resting level by 8 days post challenge. Fewer than 0.5% of resting ALDC expressed IL-1R but at least 5% of ALDC bound IL-1 alpha after ovalbumin challenge. There was no evidence of specific up-regulation of receptors for IL-1 beta on these cells. Fresh ovine alveolar macrophages, used as a positive control for specific IL-1R expression, were found to express approximately 2600 sites/cell for IL-1 alpha (Kd approximately 56 pM) and 16,500 sites/cell for IL-1 beta (Kd approximately 4.6 pM). In view of the differing IL-1 binding characteristics displayed by the receptors on the two cell types, it is postulated that afferent lymph dendritic cells and macrophages are not expressing the same form of IL-1R.
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153
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Dutia BM, McConnell I, Ballingall KT, Keating P, Hopkins J. Evidence for the expression of two distinct MHC class II DR beta like molecules in the sheep. Anim Genet 1994; 25:235-41. [PMID: 7527194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1994.tb00199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study used monoclonal antibodies to sheep MHC class II molecules as well as an L cell transfectant (T8.1) which expresses DRA and DRB genes to show that two distinct DR beta chains are expressed in the sheep. Two anti-beta chain specific monoclonal antibodies VPM37 and VPM43 react with DR antigen but not DQ antigen by ELISA. These two antibodies do not react with the DR beta chain expressed in the T8.1 cell line. Two-dimensional immunoblotting shows that these antibodies recognize a subgroup of the spots recognized by the DR-specific monoclonal antibody VPM57 which does react with the T8.1 beta chain. Amino-terminal sequence analysis of the alpha chain associated with VPM37 beta chain shows that this alpha chain is homologous to the human DR alpha chain strongly indicating that the beta chain is DR-like. VPM37 and VPM43 are shown to be directed against different epitopes on sheep MHC class II molecules so it is highly unlikely that the data can be explained by the presence of post-translational modifications or the existence of a very common allele. These data provide clear evidence for the expression of two distinct DR beta chains in the sheep.
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154
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Sanders DS, Wilson CA, Bryant FJ, Hopkins J, Johnson GD, Milne DM, Kerr MA. Classification and localisation of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) related antigen expression in normal oesophageal squamous mucosa and squamous carcinoma. Gut 1994; 35:1022-5. [PMID: 7926898 PMCID: PMC1375047 DOI: 10.1136/gut.35.8.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Using a panel of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) related antibodies in normal oesophageal squamous mucosa CEA expression is present on suprabasal squames localised to the cell membrane. Immunoblotting shows that this positivity is predominantly due to a glycoprotein of around 180 kDa representing CEA itself. Positivity in squamous carcinomas is confined to cells in foci of squamous differentiation. A shift from membranous localisation to predominant cytoplasmic overexpression is shown between normal and malignant squames using confocal microscopy. The recognition of an adhesive role for CEA and a role in enhancing distant metastases in those tumours expressing CEA highlights the importance of recording CEA expression and changes in subcellular distribution between normal and malignant tissues; CEA expression in oesophageal squamous mucosa has not been well recognised previously and changes in expression may prove of great significance in the spread and dissemination of squamous carcinoma.
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155
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Knowles G, Dutia BM, Glass EJ, MacCarthy-Morrogh L, Spooner RL, Hopkins J. Improved discrimination of bovine class II DR beta-chains polymorphisms using immunoblotting. Anim Genet 1994; 25:129-31. [PMID: 7943945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1994.tb00100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An immunoblotting technique is reported that reveals electrophoretic variants in the beta-chains of class II antigens of the bovine major histocompatibility complex. One monoclonal antibody, mAb VPM57, reacted on immunoblots with an epitope present in approximately half of the haplotypes investigated. This reagent is especially useful in discriminating electrophoretic variants that have similar isoelectric points.
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156
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al-Murrani SW, Glass EJ, Hopkins J. BoLA class I charge heterogeneity reflects the expression of more than two loci. Anim Genet 1994; 25:165-72. [PMID: 7943950 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1994.tb00105.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Internationally recognized allo-antisera in lymphocyte microcytotoxicity assays are thought to detect allelic products of a single highly polymorphic class I locus. A recent report suggested that two bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA) class I loci are expressed at the protein level. However, 1D-IEF analysis of BoLA class I molecules reveals multi-band patterns which cannot be reconciled with the reported number of loci. The aim of this study was to investigate the origins of the charge diversity of BoLA class I molecules observed using 1D-IEF. BoLA class I molecules appear to be glycosylated at a single N-linked position with a complex type carbohydrate moiety which has up to three terminal sialic acid residues. Class I molecules immunoprecipitated from resting bovine PBL are not phosphorylated. Neither modification is responsible for the observed charge heterogeneity. Peptide mapping reveals that different BoLA charge variants have distinct digestion patterns. Furthermore, a number of different polypeptides are associated with each serological specificity. These polypeptides appear to be encoded by different loci which exist in linkage disequilibrium. The number of charge variants with different peptide maps indicates that the BoLA system has a minimum of three class I loci expressed at the protein level.
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157
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Sanders DS, Evans AT, Allen CA, Bryant FJ, Johnson GD, Hopkins J, Stocks SC, Marsden JR, Kerr MA. Classification of CEA-related positivity in primary and metastatic malignant melanoma. J Pathol 1994; 172:343-8. [PMID: 8207615 DOI: 10.1002/path.1711720409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Using a panel of antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), in paraffin-processed biopsy material patchy, predominantly membranous positivity was seen on tumour cells in 70 per cent of cases of superficial spreading melanoma, 60 per cent of nodular melanomas, and 75 per cent of secondary deposits studied with unabsorbed polyclonal anti-CEA only. No staining was seen using monoclonal anti-CEAs. Localization of CEA to the cell membrane was confirmed with confocal microscopy. Immunoblotting of fresh frozen material detected CEA of around 180 kD in both primary and metastatic melanomas migrating with an apparent molecular weight of between 150 and 200 kD, indicating variable glycosylation of the protein. Recognition of an adhesive role for CEA with roles in immunolocalization and immunotherapy emphasizes the importance of more precise classification of CEA-related positivity in human tumours.
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158
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Betton G, Cockburn A, Harpur E, Hopkins J, Illing P, Lumley C, Connors T. A critical review of the optimum duration of chronic rodent testing for the determination of non-tumourigenic toxic potential: a report by the BTS Working Party on Duration of Toxicity Testing. Hum Exp Toxicol 1994; 13:221-32. [PMID: 8204306 DOI: 10.1177/096032719401300401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This review indicates that for the detection of non-neoplastic toxic effects: 1. Four decades of accumulated literature provide no lead as to the optimum duration of repeat dose toxicity testing required for all classes of chemicals, although 6 months repeated administration appears adequate for pharmaceuticals. 2. Three month studies predicted the 2 year outcome for 70% of the compounds evaluated in this pilot study using data published by the US National Toxicology Program. 3. In spite of the limitations of this pilot study, this finding is considered encouraging as it is close to that generated previously on more detailed confidential pharmaceutical data. This suggests that the exercise should now be expanded using confidential surveys of industrial data to determine the concordance resulting from the evaluation of a larger group of chemicals.
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160
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Hopkins J. The carcinogenic potential of ethylene. Food Chem Toxicol 1994; 32:191-3. [PMID: 8132179 DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(94)90182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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161
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Hopkins J. Missed opportunities in clinical dermatology--the case of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one. Food Chem Toxicol 1994; 32:189-91. [PMID: 8132178 DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(94)90181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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162
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Naessens J, Olubayo RO, Davis WC, Hopkins J. Cross-reactivity of workshop antibodies with cells from domestic and wild ruminants. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1993; 39:283-90. [PMID: 8310653 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90190-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Reactivities of the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the workshop panel with cells from cattle, sheep, goats, Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and waterbuck (Kobus defassa) were tested. One hundred and sixty-nine mAbs reacted with bovine cells and 111 with sheep cells; 86 were shown to react with goat cells, 71 with buffalo cells and 70 with waterbuck cells. Some mAbs cross-reacted with all five ruminants tested, and are likely to react with epitopes that are conserved in other ruminant species. Such mAbs will obviate the need to produce mAbs panels to leukocyte antigens of other ruminants.
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163
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Hopkins J, Ross A, Dutia BM. Summary of workshop findings of leukocyte antigens in sheep. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1993; 39:49-59. [PMID: 8310656 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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164
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Hopkins J, McConnell I, Dalziel RG, Dutia BM. Patterns of major histocompatibility complex class II expression by T cell subsets in different immunological compartments. 2. Altered expression and cell function following activation in vivo. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23:2889-96. [PMID: 8223865 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830231124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study characterizes antigen-induced phenotypic and functional aspects of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression on recirculating T cells in efferent lymph. In vivo secondary, but not primary challenge is associated with both kinetic and phenotypic alterations in class II expression by T cells. All three major T cell subsets, CD4+, CD8+ and T19+ (gamma delta T cell receptor), show an approximate four fold increase in the level of MHC class II expression during secondary responses. No changes in B cell expression of class II were seen. Resting efferent lymph T cells are predominantly either class II- or DR+DQ- but this changes to DR+DQ+ after antigenic challenge. The antigen-presenting function of these class II+ T cells was investigated at daily intervals after in vivo antigenic challenge. T cells from non-activated lymph nodes could not induce proliferation of antigen-specific T cells with soluble antigen but were weakly stimulatory in allo-mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) at high (> 2:1) stimulator cell ratios. Activated T cells isolated during secondary in vivo responses, and expressing increased quantities of MHC class II, were positive stimulator cells in the MLR. In contrast these cells could not present soluble antigen or trypsin-digested antigen to the T cell lines. In the MLR assays, the relative stimulation by class II+ T cells correlates with the levels of class II expression. We conclude from these experiments that both quantitative and qualitative changes in MHC class II, induced on T cells under physiological conditions, play a role in the regulation of the immune response in vivo but that that role is not simply one of presentation of soluble antigen.
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Abstract
The WC6 antibovine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) CC98, IL-A114 and IL-A53 were investigated for reactivity in sheep by (fluorescence activated cell sorting) FACS analysis, immunoprecipitation and immunohistology. The mAbs behave identically by all criteria although IL-A114 reacts more weakly than the other mAbs. This probably reflects limited cross-species reactivity. The mAbs stain < 30% of lymphocytes from blood, efferent and afferent lymph and the majority of afferent lymph dendritic cells. They also weakly stain granulocytes. They precipitate molecules of apparent molecular weight 220 kD and 180-190 kD. Sequential immunoprecipitation shows that CC98 antigen is not related to CD45. Immunohistology indicates staining of B cell areas and macrophages in Peyer's patch and lamina propria. The data show that these monoclonal antibodies react with a molecule distinct from OvCD45R.
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166
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Dutia BM, Ross AJ, Hopkins J. Comparison of workshop CD45R monoclonal antibodies with OvCD45R monoclonal antibodies in sheep. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1993; 39:121-8. [PMID: 7508653 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of the antibovine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) comprising temporary cluster TC1 was compared with that of two OvCD45R mAbs on sheep cells. Three of the mAbs--CC31, CC99 and CC103--did not cross-react with sheep cells. All the workshop mAbs precipitated two molecules of apparent molecular weight (MW) 200 kDa and 220 kDa while the antisheep CD45R mAb 20-96 precipitated a single band of 220 kDa. Cell surface expression was examined by single colour FACS (fluorescence activated cell sorting) analysis of efferent and afferent lymph cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes and the distribution of the antigens on CD4+, CD8+ and T19+ (WC1) and B cells was determined by two colour fluorescence staining. By cellular distribution and immunohistology the TC1 mAbs could be divided into four distinct groups which differed from a fifth group comprising the two OvCD45R antibodies.
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167
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Gupta VK, McConnell I, Hopkins J. Reactivity of the CD11/CD18 workshop monoclonal antibodies in the sheep. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1993; 39:93-102. [PMID: 8310662 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(93)90168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The anti-CD11/CD18 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) submitted in the Second International Workshop on Ruminant Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens, were analysed for their reactivity with the ovine homologue of CD11/CD18. Their reactivity was tested on healthy sheep tissues, and alveolar macrophages, afferent dendritic cells, peripheral blood granulocytes and monocytes. The CD11a/CD18 mAbs found positive in the sheep were reactive with all the cell populations tested. The CD11b mAbs reacted with all the cells except afferent dendritic cells, whereas CD11c were non-reactive to blood granulocytes. This is in contrast to humans and cattle where blood granulocytes express CD11c. The mAbs 72-87, F10-150, MD2B7 and MUC76A were found to be homologous to CD11a whereas BAQ30A seemed to be homologous to CD18, instead of proposed initial specificity to CD11a. CC125 and IL-A15 mAbs were found to be homologous to CD11b. OM1, which clustered with a recognized CD1 mAb in the first cluster analysis, precipitated a heterodimer of molecular weight 95,000/150,000. We propose that OM1 reacts with sheep CD11c. The mAb MF14B4 was found to react with sheep CD18.
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168
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Dutia BM, McConnell I, Bird K, Keating P, Hopkins J. Patterns of major histocompatibility complex class II expression on T cell subsets in different immunological compartments. 1. Expression on resting T cells. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23:2882-8. [PMID: 8223864 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830231123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study we have investigated the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on T cells from various lymphoid compartments in the sheep. Monoclonal antibodies which react specifically with sheep MHC class II molecules homologous to the human DQ and DR molecules have been characterized. These antibodies have been used, together with the monoclonal antibodies specific for sheep CD4-, CD8- and T19-positive T cells, to quantitate DQ and DR expression on T cell subsets in adult and fetal peripheral blood, afferent lymph, lymph node and efferent lymph. The results show that expression of class II by T cells depends on the age of the animal and the physiological location of the T cell. In fetal blood there is no expression of class II on CD8+ or T19+ cells and very low expression on CD4+ T cells. In adult peripheral blood and efferent lymph a significant proportion of cells express DR but not DQ. A very different situation is found in afferent lymph and the peripheral lymph node: in afferent lymph the majority of T cells in all three subsets express both DQ and DR molecules; in the lymph node over 50% of T cells express DR and 30% are DQ+. These results suggest that within all T cell subsets there is a progression from DQ-DR- to DQ-DR+ and DQ+DR+ which correlates with physiological stages of T cell differentiation in vivo.
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169
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Bird P, Blacklaws B, Reyburn HT, Allen D, Hopkins J, Sargan D, McConnell I. Early events in immune evasion by the lentivirus maedi-visna occurring within infected lymphoid tissue. J Virol 1993; 67:5187-97. [PMID: 8394444 PMCID: PMC237916 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.67.9.5187-5197.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus, are characterized by slowly progressive disease in the presence of a virus-specific immune response. The earliest events in the virus-host interaction are likely to be important in determining disease establishment and progression, and the kinetics of these early events following lentiviral infection are described here. Lymphatic cannulation in the sheep has been used to monitor both the virus and the immune response in efferent lymph after infection of the node with maedi-visna virus (MVV). Viral replication and dissemination could be detected and consisted of a wave of MVV-infected cells leaving the node around 9 to 18 days postinfection. No cell-free virus was recovered despite the fact that soluble MVV p25 was detected in lymph plasma. The maximum frequency of MVV-infected cells was only 11 in 10(6) but over the first 20 days of infection amounted to greater than 10(4) virus-infected cells leaving the node. There was a profound increase in the output of activated lymphoblast from the lymph nodes of infected sheep, characterized by an increased percentage of CD8+ lymphoblasts. All of the CD8+ lymphoblasts at the peak of the response expressed both major histocompatibility complex class II DR and DQ molecules but not interleukin-2 receptor (CD25). The in vitro proliferative response of efferent lymph cells existing the node after challenge with MVV to both recombinant human interleukin-2 and the mitogen concanavalin A was decreased between days 8 and 16 postinfection, and a specific proliferative response to MVV was not detected until after day 15. Despite the high level of CD8+ lymphoblasts in efferent lymph, direct MVV-specific cytotoxic activity was demonstrated in only one of the five MVV-challenged sheep. MVV-specific antibody responses, including neutralization and MVV p25 immune complexes in efferent lymph, were detectable during the major period of virus dissemination. The relationship of these findings to the evasion of the host's acute immune response by MVV is discussed.
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170
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171
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Hopkins J. Latex allergenic difficulties. Food Chem Toxicol 1993; 31:387-9. [PMID: 8505024 DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(93)90195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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172
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Harvey K, Hopkins J. Improving your organization's creativity quotient. QRC ADVISOR 1993; 9:3-8. [PMID: 10124354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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173
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Johnson SA, Richardson D, Hopkins J, Howe D, Phillips MJ. Complete remission after fludarabine for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1993; 81:560. [PMID: 8422473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Blotting, Southern
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Drug Administration Schedule
- HLA-DR Antigens/analysis
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Time Factors
- Vidarabine/administration & dosage
- Vidarabine/analogs & derivatives
- Vidarabine/therapeutic use
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174
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Wiles JD, Bird SR, Hopkins J, Riley M. Effect of caffeinated coffee on running speed, respiratory factors, blood lactate and perceived exertion during 1500-m treadmill running. Br J Sports Med 1992; 26:116-20. [PMID: 1623356 PMCID: PMC1478936 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.26.2.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Using a motorized treadmill the study investigated the effects of the ingestion of 3 g of caffeinated coffee on: the time taken to run 1500 m; the selected speed with which athletes completed a 1-min 'finishing burst' at the end of a high-intensity run; and respiratory factors, perceived exertion and blood lactate levels during a high intensity 1500-m run. In all testing protocols decaffeinated coffee (3 g) was used as a placebo and a double-blind experimental design was used throughout. The participants in the study were middle distance athletes of club, county and national standard. The results showed that ingestion of caffeinated coffee: decreases the time taken to run 1500 m (P less than 0.005); increases the speed of the 'finishing burst' (P less than 0.005); and increases VO2 during the high-intensity 1500-m run (P less than 0.025). The study concluded that under these laboratory conditions, the ingestion of caffeinated coffee could enhance the performance of sustained high-intensity exercise.
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175
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Entrican G, Hopkins J, Maclean M, McConnell I, Nettleton PF. Cell phenotypes in the efferent lymph of sheep persistently infected with Border disease virus. Clin Exp Immunol 1992; 87:393-7. [PMID: 1544225 PMCID: PMC1554337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb03008.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prefemoral efferent lymphatics of sheep persistently infected (PI) with Border disease virus (BDV) were cannulated in order to study the effects of the virus on cells of the immune system. Efferent lymphocytes recovered from PI sheep were phenotyped using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) specific for ovine cell-surface markers and compared to lymphocytes recovered from normal, healthy controls. PI sheep had an increased percentage of cells expressing the T cell-associated molecules CD5, CD4, CD8 and T19, also an increase in cells expressing CD1 and a population of cells expressing low levels of the T19 molecule which was not present in control sheep. The lymphocytes were examined for the presence of BDV using virus-specific MoAb. On average 8.5% of the efferent lymphocytes from PI sheep carried virus antigen. BDV antigen was also found in the mononuclear cells and connective tissue of lymph nodes indicating widespread virus dissemination within the lymphoid system of PI sheep.
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