176
|
Humphries JE, Reddy A, Fried B. Infectivity and growth of Echinostoma revolutum (Froelich, 1802) in the domestic chick. Int J Parasitol 1997; 27:129-30. [PMID: 9076539 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(96)00163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Infectivity and growth studies in domestic chicks were carried out on a strain of Echinostoma revolutum isolated from Lymnaea elodes snails in Indiana, U.S.A. Of 21 chicks, each fed 40 +/- 10 cysts of Echinostoma revolutum, 16 (64%) were infected with a total of 269 (32%) worms from approximately 840 cysts. Worms were found only in the ceca and rectum at 2-14 days p.i. In vivo excysted metacercariae were obtained in the lower ileum and ceca at 4 h p.i. Excysted metacercariae averaged 0.2 mm in length and 0.02 mm2 in body area. Worm length averaged 1.3 mm on day 6, 2.3 mm on day 8 and 3.6 mm on day 14. Mean body area averaged 0.29 mm2 on day 6, 0.62 mm2 on day 8 and 1.93 mm2 on day 14. Worms first became ovigerous on day 12. Growth of E. revolutum in the chick was delayed compared to previous findings on E. trivolvis, a closely related species of 37-collar-spined echinostome in the E. revolutum complex.
Collapse
|
177
|
Frazer BA, Reddy A, Fried B, Sherma J. Effects of diet on the lipid composition of Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) in ICR mice. Parasitol Res 1997; 83:642-5. [PMID: 9272551 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to determine neutral lipids and phospholipids in the intestinal trematode Echinostoma caproni from experimentally infected ICR mice fed a high-fat diet (hen's egg yolk) as compared with worms from mice fed a standard laboratory diet. Worms were removed from the hosts at 2, 3, and 4 weeks postinfection (p.i.). Analysis by TLC-densitometry showed significantly greater amounts of triacylglycerols and free sterols at 2, 3, and 4 weeks p.i. in worms from mice on the high-fat diet as compared with worms from mice on the standard laboratory diet. Significantly greater amounts of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were found in worms from mice on the high-fat diet as compared with worms from those on the standard diet at 2 weeks p.i. but not at 3 and 4 weeks p.i. The results of this study suggest that the host diet influences the lipid content of E. caproni adults.
Collapse
|
178
|
Fried B, Pane PL, Reddy A. Experimental infection of Rana pipiens tadpoles with Echinostoma trivolvis cercariae. Parasitol Res 1997; 83:666-9. [PMID: 9272555 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies were done on laboratory-raised Rana pipiens tadpoles experimentally infected with Echinostoma trivolvis cercariae. Tadpoles exposed individually to 250 cercariae died within 24 h. They were edematous at death and their kidneys were heavily infected with metacercarial cysts. Of 20 tadpoles exposed to 100 cercariae each, 9 survived the infection, and their growth was compared for 4 weeks postinfection (p.i.) with that of 20 control tadpoles that had not been exposed to cercariae. There was a significant weekly decline in the total length and body weight of the infected versus control tadpoles. Surviving tadpoles retained their metacercarial infections in the kidneys following metamorphosis to frogs. Following exposure of tadpoles to cercariae, cercarial bodies were first seen in the kidneys by 0.5 h p.i. Metacercariae that were molding their inner and outer cyst walls were first seen at 2.3 h, and by 8.5 h the inner and outer cyst walls were clearly defined. Domestic chicks exposed to cysts aged 2.5 and 4.0 h did not become infected, whereas ovigerous adults of E. trivolvis were recovered from chicks fed 12-h-old cysts. Cercariae aged 6 to 8 h were more infective to tadpoles than were either 1- or 20-h-old cercariae. The E. trivolvis-R pipiens tadpole model is suitable for the study of host-parasite relationships of echinostome larvae in a cold-blooded vertebrate host.
Collapse
|
179
|
Fried B, Frazer BA, Reddy A. Chemoattraction and penetration of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. caproni cercariae in the presence of Biomphalaria glabrata, Helisoma trivolvis, and Lymnaea elodes dialysate. Parasitol Res 1997; 83:193-7. [PMID: 9039703 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A petri-dish bioassay was used to study the chemoattraction and penetration of the cercariae of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. caproni in the presence of snail dialysates from Helisoma trivolvis (Pennsylvania and Colorado strains). Biomphalaria glabrata, and Lynmaea elodes. Significant chemoattraction was seen with E. trivolvis cercariae in the presence of all snail dialysates released from nonperforated dialysis sacs with a molecular-weight exclusion of 12,000. Under the same conditions, E. caproni was significantly attracted to B. glabrata and H. trivolvis (CO strain) but not to L. elodes or H. trivolvis (PA strain). Dialysis sacs were perforated with needles to allow the release of snail substances of all molecular weights into the bioassay. Cercariae of both species were significantly attracted to all snail dialysates released from perforated sacs. Moreover, cercariae entered these sacs and penetrated the snails, and 24 h later the percentage of cysts per snail species ranged from 70% to 83% for E. trivolvis and from 73% to 93% for E. caproni. Dialysates released from intact sacs were extracted in choloroform-methanol (2:1) to obtain hydrophilic and lipophilic fractions. When these extracts were placed on agar plugs in the bioassay, the lipophilic fraction, but not the hydrophilic fraction, was mainly chemoattractive.
Collapse
|
180
|
Bender A, Sapp M, Feldman M, Reddy A, Seder R, Schuler G, Steinman RM, Bhardwaj N. Dendritic cells as immunogens for human CTL responses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1997; 417:383-7. [PMID: 9286390 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-9966-8_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The cellular requirements for generating potent human CD8+ CTLs to influenza A virus in vitro have been defined. Furthermore, we have developed improved methods for generating large numbers of DCs from non-proliferating progenitors. These developments have enabled the design of new strategies to elicit CTLs in vivo. For example, together with IL-12, antigen-pulsed DCs may be a useful approach for boosting CTL responses against infectious agents and malignancies. Our results also reopen the potential use of inactivated virus preparations as immunogens for CTL responses.
Collapse
|
181
|
Sudati JE, Reddy A, Fried B. Effects of high fat diets on worm recovery, growth and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice. J Helminthol 1996; 70:351-4. [PMID: 8960231 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x00015650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of high fat diets (HFDs) on the host-parasite relationship of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice were studied. Two HFDs were used, one consisting of a customized high fat diet (CHFD) with 45% lipid in the form of cottonseed oil, and the second consisting of an egg yolk diet (EYD) from domestic hens' eggs, with 31% lipid. Controls for both diets consisted of mice fed a standard laboratory diet with 5% lipid. Mice were each fed 25 cysts of E. caproni by stomach tube and necropsied 2, 3 and 4 weeks postinfection (PI). The weight of mice on the CHFD declined significantly compared to mice on the control diet, but there was no significant decline in weight of mice fed EYD compared to the controls. Worm recoveries from mice on both HFDs were significantly less than those from control hosts. There was a significant decline in worm dry weight, body area and uterine egg counts in worms on HFD compared to those on the control diet. Worms from hosts on HFD were located more anteriad in the gut than those recovered from mice on the control diet.
Collapse
|
182
|
Fried B, Nanni TJ, Reddy A, Fujino T. Maintenance of the life cycle of Echinostoma trivolvis (Trematoda) in dexamethasone-treated ICR mice and laboratory-raised Helisoma trivolvis (Gastropoda). Parasitol Res 1996; 83:16-9. [PMID: 9000227 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Echinostoma trivolvis is a ubiquitous 37-collar-spined echinostome found in aquatic birds and mammals and in the planorbid snail Helisoma trivolvis. This echinostome has not been cycled continuously in the laboratory. The present report provides details on the continuous life cycle of E. trivolvis in dexamethasone-treated ICR mice and laboratory-raised H. trivolvis snails. Previous attempts to obtain patent adult of E. trivolvis in mice hosts failed because of worm injection within 2 weeks of infection. ICR mice infected with encysted metacercariae and injected with 2 mg/kg dexamethasone daily for 28 days yielded gravid worms that produced 250-500 eggs/worms at 21 and 28 days postinfection (p.i.). Miracidia derived from these eggs or eggs containing fully developed miracidia were capable of infecting 3- to 5-mm shell-diameter, laboratory-reared H. trivolvis snails. These snails released cercariae by 35 days p.i. Cercariae encysted in the kidney-pericardium of the snails. Encysted metacercariae could be excysted in vitro in an alkaline trypsin-bile salts medium or in vivo when fed to domestic chicks.
Collapse
|
183
|
Reddy A, Fried B. In vitro studies on intraspecific and interspecific chemical attraction in daughter rediae of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. caproni. Int J Parasitol 1996; 26:1081-5. [PMID: 8982788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In vitro pairing and aggregation studies on daughter rediae of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. caproni were done at 22 degrees C in a Petri dish bioassay containing an agar substratum and a Locke's solution overlay. Pairing or aggregation was considered positive when rediae were in contact or within 1 mm of each other. Intraspecific and interspecific pairing or aggregation occurred in the bioassay when rediae were initially placed 5 or 10 mm apart. Movement of a single redia in the bioassay to a dialysis sac containing 1-10 rediae showed that intraspecific and interspecific pairing occurred in the absence of redial tactile stimulation. Movements of single rediae in the bioassay to agar plugs impregnated with redial excretory/secretory (ES) products occurred. The lipophilic fraction of the ES products was significantly more attractive than the hydrophilic fraction. The significance of redial chemical communication is not clear.
Collapse
|
184
|
Bhardwaj N, Seder RA, Reddy A, Feldman MV. IL-12 in conjunction with dendritic cells enhances antiviral CD8+ CTL responses in vitro. J Clin Invest 1996; 98:715-22. [PMID: 8698863 PMCID: PMC507481 DOI: 10.1172/jci118843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are important mediators for resistance to infections and malignant diseases. IL-12 enhances proliferative and cytolytic responses by killer cells, but its function in the generation of human antiviral CD8+ T cell responses has not been defined. We therefore evaluated the role of IL-12 in the generation of CTLs to influenza-infected dendritic cells. IL-12 was not detectable in supernatants of infected-dendritic cells, or during CTL generation. Furthermore, anti-IL-12 antibody did not block CTL generation. However, exogenous IL-12 (30-300 pg/ml) enhanced CD8+ T cell proliferative and cytolytic responses. The effect was greatest in individuals with weak reactivity to influenza virus or at antigen-presenting cell (APC):T cell ratios of 1:100 or less. IL-12 augmented interferon-gamma production during CTL generation. The CTL enhancing effects of the cytokine, however, could not be blocked by neutralizing anti-interferon-gamma antibody. Together with IL-12, antigen-pulsed dendritic cells may be a useful approach for boosting CTL responses against infectious agents and malignancies.
Collapse
|
185
|
Reddy A, Maley F. Studies on identifying the catalytic role of Glu-204 in the active site of yeast invertase. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:13953-7. [PMID: 8662946 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.24.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study on yeast invertase (Reddy, A., and Maley, F. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 10817-10820), we identified Asp-23 through the procedures of affinity labeling and site-directed mutagenesis as a catalytic nucleophile. In the present study we undertook to determine other residues involved in the catalytic process. Earlier studies suggested histidine as a potential proton donor in the hydrolysis of sucrose, but by mutagenizing each of the enzyme's four histidines this amino acid was eliminated from consideration. Another candidate appeared to be cysteine, since iodine at about a 2-fold molar excess inactivated invertase by modifying both of the enzyme's cysteine residues. Dithiothreitol treatment restored the sulfhydryl groups and enzyme activity. Replacement of each of the cysteines with alanines revealed that C108A invertase retained full activity whereas C205A was reduced about 4-fold in its kcat. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of fructosylhydrolases revealed a conserved region coincident with Glu-204/Cys-205. Mutagenizing Glu-204 to Ala resulted in a 3, 000-fold reduction in the kcat of invertase indicating that Glu-204 plays a major role in catalysis. Based on these findings, a mechanism is proposed for the hydrolysis of sucrose which involves Asp-23 as a nucleophile and Glu-204 as an acid/base catalyst.
Collapse
|
186
|
Reddy A, Fried B. Egg laying in vitro of Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) in nutritive and nonnutritive media. Parasitol Res 1996; 82:475-6. [PMID: 8738289 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Egg laying in vitro was studied in Echinostoma caproni adults placed in 10 ml of nutritive or nonnutritive media for 48 h in petri-dish cultures maintained at 37 degrees C in an atmosphere containing 7.6% CO2. Maximal egg laying occurred within 24 h in the defined medium RPMI 1640. Egg laying was significantly greater in this medium than in McCoy's or Locke's solution. Eggs released into the RPMI medium were capable of producing miracidia that were infective to Biomphalaria glabrata snails. Fried and Huffman (1996) referred to a technique used to obtain eggs of Echinostoma caproni in the defined medium RPMI 1640, but details of the study were not given. No information is available on egg laying of echinostomes in vitro. Such information could contribute to a better understanding of egg release in digeneans and would also be helpful in the acquisition of eggs for biology and chemistry studies. Current techniques used to obtain echinostome eggs involve worm homogenization, teasing of eggs from the worms' uteri, or recovery of eggs from feces (see Idris and Fried 1996 for details). The purpose of this communication is to report on an efficient procedure for the acquisition of eggs of E. caproni after the placement of adult worms in the defined medium RPMI 1640. E. caproni adults were grown in ICR mice for either 17 (young worms) or 112 days (old worms) as described previously (Ursone and Fried 1995a). Worms were removed from the small intestines and rinsed rapidly in three changes of sterile Locke's solution containing penicillin (200 IU/ml) and streptomycin (200 micrograms/ml; Fried and Contos 1973). Worms were placed in culture media within 30 min of their removal from hosts. Nutritive media consisted of RPMI 1640 and McCoy's medium (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.). Non-nutritive media consisted of Locke's or Locke's 1:1 (Ursone and Fried 1995b). All media contained antibiotics as described above.
Collapse
|
187
|
Disla E, Reddy A, Cuppari G, Mullen M. Primary Mycobacterium avium complex septic arthritis in a patient with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20:1432-4. [PMID: 7620043 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/20.5.1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
|
188
|
Reddy A, Sood A, Rust PF, Busby JE, Varn E, Mathur RS, Mathur S. The effect of nicotine on in vitro sperm motion characteristics. J Assist Reprod Genet 1995; 12:217-23. [PMID: 8520189 DOI: 10.1007/bf02211802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED PURPOSE AND STUDY PLAN: Men who are habitual smokers tend to have poor semen quality. We studied the effect of nicotine on sperm motility in vitro. Spermatozoa from 13 normal fertile nonsmoking donors, washed free of seminal plasma, were treated with medium alone (control); and, 10 mM, 5 mM, 1 mM and 0.1 mM nicotine (concentrations estimated to approximate residual concentrations of nicotine in the testes of heavy smokers). Computerized sperm motion analysis (CASA) was done at 2, 4, 6 and 24 h after incubation. RESULTS Sperm motility, beat/cross frequency, linearity and maximum anterior lateral head displacement (ALH max.) were significantly decreased across nominal dosages (P < 0.001 by repeated measures analysis of variance). Of the concentrations tested, 0.1 mM had no effect; 1 mM significantly decreased sperm motility (P = 0.003) and linearity (P = 0.02); 5 mM decreased the beat frequency (P = 0.001) and linearity (0.02); and 10 mM markedly decreased motility (P = 0.0001), beat frequency (P = 0.0002), linearity (P = 0.02) and ALH max. (P = 0.02). The interactions between dose and time were insignificant. CONCLUSION Nicotine at concentrations of > or = 1 mM significantly decreased sperm motion characteristics after different periods of incubation, whereas 0.1 mM concentration had the least effect.
Collapse
|
189
|
Weigel MM, Armijos RX, Zurita C, Racines J, Reddy A, Mosquera J. Nutritional status and cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural Ecuadorian children. J Trop Pediatr 1995; 41:22-8. [PMID: 7723125 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/41.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between nutritional status and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) was evaluated in 230 children living in a rural subtropical rainforest in Northwest Ecuador. One-third of the subjects had evidence of either current (13 per cent) or past CL infection (21 per cent). Subjects with current (4.71 +/- 0.44 mg) or previous disease (4.29 +/- 0.35 mg) had lower mean daily dietary iron intakes than non-infected children (5.45 +/- 0.2 mg; chi 2 = 0.048), but not energy, protein, or other micronutrients. The low dietary iron intake data was corroborated by the reduced mean haemoglobin values observed in children with current (11.7 +/- 0.3 mg/dL) or past infection (11.3 +/- 0.2 mg/dL) compared to non-infected subjects (12.7 +/- 0.15 mg/dL; F-ratio = 17.0, P < 0.0001). Mean hematocrit values were also lower in the two infected groups (37.4 +/- 0.9 per cent and 37.4 +/- 0.6 per cent v. 39.5 +/- 0.5 per cent; F-ratio = 4.23, P = 0.0175). Furthermore, they were more likely to suffer from iron-deficiency anaemia than their non-infected counterparts (chi 2 = 4.64, P = 0.03). However, the children with active disease accounted for most of the excess risk for anemia (Fisher's exact test P = 0.009; OR = 10.0, exact 95 per cent CI = 1.37-111.8). Finally, growth stunting (< -2SD height-for-age) was more common in subjects with current (54 per cent) or past infection (51 per cent) compared to those without CL history (31 per cent; chi 2 = 8.03, P = 0.004).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
|
190
|
Hirsch AM, McKhann HI, Reddy A, Liao J, Fang Y, Marshall CR. Assessing horizontal transfer of nifHDK genes in eubacteria: nucleotide sequence of nifK from Frankia strain HFPCcI3. Mol Biol Evol 1995; 12:16-27. [PMID: 7877490 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural genes for nitrogenase, nifK, nifD, and nifH, are crucial for nitrogen fixation. Previous phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequence of nifH suggested that this gene had been horizontally transferred from a proteobacterium to the gram-positive/cyanobacterial clade, although the confounding effects of paralogous comparisons made interpretation of the data difficult. An additional test of nif gene horizontal transfer using nifD was made, but the NifD phylogeny lacked resolution. Here nif gene phylogeny is addressed with a phylogenetic analysis of a third and longer nif gene, nifK. As part of the study, the nifK gene of the key taxon Frankia was sequenced. Parsimony and some distance analyses of the nifK amino acid sequences provide support for vertical descent of nifK, but other distance trees provide support for the lateral transfer of the gene. Bootstrap support was found for both hypotheses in all trees; the nifK data do not definitively favor one or the other hypothesis. A parsimony analysis of NifH provides support for horizontal transfer in accord with previous reports, although bootstrap analysis also shows some support for vertical descent of the orthologous nifH genes. A wider sampling of taxa and more sophisticated methods of phylogenetic inference are needed to understand the evolution of nif genes. The nif genes may also be powerful phylogenetic tools. If nifK evolved by vertical descent, it provides strong evidence that the cyanobacteria and proteobacteria are sister groups to the exclusion of the firmicutes, whereas 16S rRNA sequences are unable to resolve the relationships of these three major eubacterial lineages.
Collapse
|
191
|
Disla E, Rhim HR, Reddy A, Karten I, Taranta A. Costochondritis. A prospective analysis in an emergency department setting. ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 1994; 154:2466-9. [PMID: 7979843 DOI: 10.1001/archinte.154.21.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Costochondritis (CC) is a common, but poorly understood condition among patients with chest wall pain. We have prospectively analyzed distinctive features of patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain and CC. METHODS Patients with a chief complaint of chest pain, not due to trauma, fever, or malignancy, were prospectively evaluated for the presence of CC and compared with another chest pain group without CC. RESULTS Of 122 consecutive patients studied, 36 had CC (30%) and in 17 the pain induced reproduced the original one (15%). Women made up 69% of the patients with CC (vs 31% of control subjects) and Hispanics 47% (vs 24% of control subjects). Only three patients (8%) with CC met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for fibromyalgia, while none of the control subjects did. Widespread pain was more common in the CC group (42% vs 5%). The mean sedimentation rate in the CC group was 44 +/- 31 mm/h vs 41 +/- 31 mm/h in the control group. The acute myocardial infarction rate was 6% in the CC group vs 28% in the control group. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis were diagnosed in three and two patients, respectively, of 32 patients with CC cases. One year later, 11 (55%) of 21 patients with CC were still suffering from chest pain, but only one third still had definite CC. CONCLUSIONS Costochondritis is common among patients with chest pain in an emergency department setting, with a higher frequency among women and Hispanics. It is associated with fibromyalgia in only a minority of cases. Patients with CC appear to have a lower frequency of acute myocardial infarction. Spontaneous resolution is seen in most cases at 1 year.
Collapse
|
192
|
Disla E, Rhim HR, Reddy A, Taranta A. Improvement in CD4 lymphocyte count in HIV-Reiter's syndrome after treatment with sulfasalazine. J Rheumatol Suppl 1994; 21:662-4. [PMID: 7913502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe an observed improvement in CD4 lymphocytes in patients with Reiter's syndrome (RS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, after treatment with sulfasalazine (SFSZ). METHODS . Care series. We analyzed CD4 lymphocyte counts in 4 consecutive patients with RS and HIV disease before and after treatment with SFSZ. RESULTS CD4+ lymphocyte counts increased from a mean of 315 +/- 179 before treatment to 542 +/- 231 x 10(6)/l on followup (p < 0.03), in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. The significance of these observations is discussed. CONCLUSION Treatment of RS with SFSZ in HIV disease appears to be associated with an improvement in CD4 count.
Collapse
|
193
|
Disla E, Rhim HR, Reddy A, Ramaprasad S, Taranta A. Reversible cardiogenic shock in a patient with lupus myocarditis. J Rheumatol 1993; 20:2174. [PMID: 8014958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
194
|
Disla E, Rhim HR, Reddy A, Taranta A. Aspirin on trial. Nature 1993; 366:198. [PMID: 7901767 DOI: 10.1038/366198b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
195
|
Kelly JD, Dutchuk M, Takahashi N, Reddy A, Hendricks JD, Williams DE. Covalent binding of (+) 7S-trans-7,8-dihydrobenzo [a]pyrene-7,8-diol to trout DNA: P-450- and peroxidation-dependent pathways. Cancer Lett 1993; 74:111-7. [PMID: 8287364 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(93)90052-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivation in vivo of pure (+) 7S-trans-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene- 7,8-diol ((+) BP-7,8-DHD) was investigated in rainbow trout. Embryos, microinjected with 0.01-1.0 microgram of [3H]-(-)-7S-trans-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]-pyrene-7,8-diol-anti-9,10-epoxide ((-) anti-BPDE), exhibited a dose-dependent increase in DNA adduction. Subsequently, microinjection of trout embryos with [14C] (+) BP-7,8-DHD also demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in DNA adduction. To determine the relative contribution of P-450-dependent versus peroxidation-dependent epoxygenation of (+)-BP-7,8-DHD, trout embryos were co-injected with [14C]-(+)-BP-7,8-DHD and either beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) (CYP1A1 inducer) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) (lipid peroxidation enhancer). Co-injection with BNF tended to enhance covalent binding to DNA, which was consistent with rapid induction of CYP1A1. Co-injection with CCl4, significantly increased covalent binding of [14C]-(+)-BP-7,8-DHD to DNA, suggesting a contribution from non-enzymic cooxidation. 32P-Postlabeling analysis of liver DNA adducts following i.p. injections of (+) BP-7,8-DHD did not detect appreciable amounts of (-) anti-BPDE-dG from juvenile trout fed control diets or diets containing hydrogen peroxide or BNF. On the contrary, BNF pre-feeding markedly enhanced the levels of an adduct which co-chromatographed with authentic (+) syn-BPDE-dG. These results confirm that trout are capable of metabolically activating BP-DHD to the ultimate carcinogen BPDE and that BNF stimulates CYP1A1-dependent epoxygenation, but peroxidation-dependent activation may not contribute significantly to the bioactivation of BP-7,8-DHD in vivo.
Collapse
|
196
|
Van Reeth O, Zhang Y, Reddy A, Zee P, Turek FW. Aging alters the entraining effects of an activity-inducing stimulus on the circadian clock. Brain Res 1993; 607:286-92. [PMID: 8481803 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(93)91518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In young hamsters, a single injection of the short-acting benzodiazepine, triazolam, can induce permanent phase shifts in the circadian clock, while repeated injections of triazolam entrain the circadian clock to the period of the injections. Triazolam appears to act on the circadian clock by inducing an acute increase in the activity of the animals, which in turn phase-shifts the circadian clock. Surprisingly, single injections of benzodiazepines do not phase-shift the activity rhythm of old hamsters, despite the fact that such treatment induces similar acute changes in the activity state of young and old animals. We compared the entraining effects of repeated injections of triazolam on the circadian clock of young and old hamsters; while six out of seven young hamsters were entrained to the triazolam injections, only one out of seven old animals was entrained by this treatment. Three of the remaining six old hamsters showed a lengthening of the activity rhythm, while no consistent effect on the period of the activity rhythm was observed in the remaining three old animals. These results indicate that the circadian system of old hamsters becomes selectively unresponsive to synchronizing signals mediated by the activity-rest state, and suggest that aging is associated with a weakened coupling between the activity-rest cycle and the circadian clock.
Collapse
|
197
|
Reddy A, Maley F. Volume 208, Number 1 (1993), in the article "Dithiothreitol Improves the Efficiency of Yeast Transformation," by Anthony Reddy and Frank Maley, pages 211-212. Anal Biochem 1993. [DOI: 10.1006/abio.1993.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
198
|
|
199
|
Darwish AA, Reddy A, Kamal M, Yaneza A, Al-Teheawy MM. Management of diabetic foot lesions with limited use of antibodies. Ann Saudi Med 1993; 13:101-3. [PMID: 17587974 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.1993.101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
200
|
Dluzen D, Reddy A, McDermott J. The aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, NSD-1015, increases release of dopamine: response characteristics. Neuropharmacology 1992; 31:1223-9. [PMID: 1470299 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(92)90050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Addition of the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, NSD-1015 (10 microM), to Krebs'-Ringer phosphate (KRP) superfusion medium, significantly increased the release of dopamine in vitro from superfused corpus striatum tissue fragments of male rats. A dose-dependent increase in release of dopamine was obtained in response to increasing concentrations of NSD-1015, with 1.0 microM being the minimally effective dose. In addition to the striatum, NSD-1015 also increased the release of dopamine from superfused hypothalamic tissue fragments. This capacity of NSD-1015 to increase release of dopamine was calcium-independent, appeared to be somewhat specific and could apparently increase the release of dopamine in vivo, as indicated by increases in the release of the metabolite of dopamine, DOPAC, under conditions of push-pull perfusion. Although the putative role of NSD-1015 is as an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, the present results demonstrate that, either as a result of this function and/or in addition to this role, NSD-1015 is a potent activator of the release of dopamine.
Collapse
|