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Gates GA, Karzon RK, Garcia P, Peterein J, Storandt M, Morris JC, Miller JP. Auditory dysfunction in aging and senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type. ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY 1995; 52:626-34. [PMID: 7763213 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1995.00540300108020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and type of auditory dysfunction in older volunteer subjects with mild probable Alzheimer's disease (pAD). METHODS Pure-tone thresholds, word recognition in quiet, Synthetic Sentence Identification with Ipsilateral Competing Message or Contralateral Competing Message, distortion-product otoacoustic emissions, and auditory brain-stem responses were done in 82 elderly volunteer subjects whose cognitive, psychologic, and neurologic status had been determined through annual testing in a research center. Based on clinical criteria and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale, 40 subjects had been judged to be nondemented (CDR score, 0), and 42 had a clinical diagnosis of pAD, with 22 in the questionable (CDR score, 0.5) and 20 in the mild (CDR score, 1) categories. RESULTS The mean age-adjusted pure-tone average thresholds (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kHz) were poorer in the subjects with pAD by 5.1 dB in the right ears and 6.1 dB in the left ears; these differences were not statistically significant. Word recognition in quiet did not differ by CDR category. The age-adjusted scores on the Synthetic Sentence Identification with Ipsilateral Competing Message or Contralateral Competing Message were significantly reduced in the subjects with mild pAD. Distortion-product otoacoustic emission amplitudes and auditory brain-stem response thresholds and latencies paralleled the pure-tone threshold results and did not differ across the CDR groups. CONCLUSIONS Central auditory dysfunction was evident in subjects with even mild cases of pAD, whereas peripheral auditory function was not different from that in age-matched control subjects. Additional research is needed to delineate the mechanisms of central auditory dysfunction and to establish the sensitivity and specificity of auditory testing in subjects with Alzheimer's disease. We recommend auditory assessment, including Synthetic Sentence Identification with Ipsilateral Competing Message or Contralateral Competing Message, for older patients in general and in particular for those in whom dementia is suspected.
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Province MA, Hadley EC, Hornbrook MC, Lipsitz LA, Miller JP, Mulrow CD, Ory MG, Sattin RW, Tinetti ME, Wolf SL. The effects of exercise on falls in elderly patients. A preplanned meta-analysis of the FICSIT Trials. Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques. JAMA 1995; 273:1341-7. [PMID: 7715058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if short-term exercise reduces falls and fall-related injuries in the elderly. DESIGN A preplanned meta-analysis of the seven Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques (FICSIT)--independent, randomized, controlled clinical trials that assessed intervention efficacy in reducing falls and frailty in elderly patients. All included an exercise component for 10 to 36 weeks. Fall and injury follow-up was obtained for up to 2 to 4 years. SETTING Two nursing home and five community-dwelling (three health maintenance organizations) sites. Six were group and center based; one was conducted at home. PARTICIPANTS Numbers of participants ranged from 100 to 1323 per study. Subjects were mostly ambulatory and cognitively intact, with minimum ages of 60 to 75 years, although some studies required additional deficits, such as functionally dependent in two or more activities of daily living, balance deficits or lower extremity weakness, or high risk of falling. INTERVENTIONS Exercise components varied across studies in character, duration, frequency, and intensity. Training was performed in one area or more of endurance, flexibility, balance platform, Tai Chi (dynamic balance), and resistance. Several treatment arms included additional nonexercise components, such as behavioral components, medication changes, education, functional activity, or nutritional supplements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Time to each fall (fall-related injury) by self-report and/or medical records. RESULTS Using the Andersen-Gill extension of the Cox model that allows multiple fall outcomes per patient, the adjusted fall incidence ratio for treatment arms including general exercise was 0.90 (95% confidence limits [CL], 0.81, 0.99) and for those including balance was 0.83 (95% CL, 0.70, 0.98). No exercise component was significant for injurious falls, but power was low to detect this outcome. CONCLUSIONS Treatments including exercise for elderly adults reduce the risk of falls.
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Perry HM, Miller JP, Fornoff JR, Baty JD, Sambhi MP, Rutan G, Moskowitz DW, Carmody SE. Early predictors of 15-year end-stage renal disease in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 1995; 25:587-94. [PMID: 7721402 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.25.4.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
There has been a continuing increase in the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States, including the fraction that has been attributed to hypertension. This study was done to seek relationships between ESRD and pretreatment clinical data and between ESRD and early treated blood pressure data in a population of hypertensive veterans. We identified a total of 5730 black and 6182 nonblack male veterans as hypertensive from 1974 through 1976 in 32 Veterans Administration Hypertension Screening and Treatment Program clinics. Their mean age was 52.5 +/- 10.2 years, and their mean pretreatment blood pressure was 154.3 +/- 19.0/100.8 +/- 9.8 mm Hg. During a minimum of 13.9 years of follow-up, 5337 (44.8%) of these patients died and 245 developed ESRD. For 1055 of these subjects, pretreatment systolic blood pressure (SBP) was greater than 180 mm Hg; 901 were diabetic; 1471 had a history of urinary tract problems; and 2358 of the 9644 who were treated had an early fall in SBP of more than 20 mm Hg. We used proportional hazards modeling to fit multivariate survival models to determine the effect of the available pretreatment data and early treated blood pressure levels on ESRD. This model demonstrated the independent increased risk of ESRD associated with being black or diabetic (risk ratio, 2.2 or 1.8), having a history of urinary tract problems (risk ratio, 2.2), or having high pretreatment SBP (for SBP 165 to 180 mm Hg, risk ratio was 2.8; for SBP > 180 mm Hg, risk ratio was 7.6).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Fonkalsrud EW, Ellis DG, Shaw A, Mann CM, Black TL, Miller JP, Snyder CL. A combined hospital experience with fundoplication and gastric emptying procedure for gastroesophageal reflux in children. J Am Coll Surg 1995; 180:449-55. [PMID: 7719549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Operative treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (GER), often together with neurologic feeding disorders, is very common in infancy and childhood. Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) has been observed frequently in association with GER in children. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective review was performed on 1,200 consecutive patients 18 years of age and younger operated upon for symptomatic GER or neurologic feeding disorders, or both, at two pediatric surgery centers in widely separated geographic areas in the United States of America, to compare the results after fundoplication with or without a gastric emptying procedure (GEP). RESULTS Operations included gastroesophageal fundoplication (GEF) alone (871 patients), GEF plus GEP (286 patients), reoperative GEF plus GEP (30 patients), and GEP alone (13 patients). Thus, 27 percent of the total and 40 percent of the last 494 children with reflux had a GEP. Delayed gastric emptying with retention of more than 60 percent of an isotope meal appropriate for age at 90 minutes was present in 241 of the 451 children with reflux studied. Major neurologic disorders were present in 219 (25 percent) of 871 children who underwent GEF alone and in 247 (75 percent) of 329 children who had a GEP. All patients operated upon from both hospitals were relieved of recurrent emesis, and those with failure to thrive showed significant weight gain; pulmonary symptoms were relieved in 94 percent. Recurrent GER developed in 47 (5.2 percent) of 901 children who had GEF alone, but in only four (1.2 percent) of 329 patients who had a GEP. CONCLUSIONS The excellent clinical results with low morbidity in this largest reported clinical experience with GEP in childhood suggest that a GEP should be combined with GEF for symptomatic children who have both GER and DGE. Minimal investigative studies are necessary for most neurologically impaired children who require a feeding gastrostomy.
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Blann AD, Mather H, Miller JP, McCollum CN. Atherosclerosis risk factors: variation in healthy hospital workers and members of local communities asymptomatic for vascular disease. Implications for normal controls. Br J Biomed Sci 1995; 52:31-4. [PMID: 7549604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The major risk factors for atherosclerosis were measured in 100 middle-aged members of the local community aged between 40 and 66 attending hospital for minor operations, hernia repair, varicose veins or endoscopy, and their healthy accompanying spouses. Levels in this group were compared with those measured in 75 age- and sex-matched hospital workers. Ten of the 12 risk factors measured were more unfavourable in the local population (P = 0.039). Levels of total cholesterol (P = 0.0013), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P = 0.0002) and body mass index (P = 0.0074) were higher in members of the local community. There was no difference in levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, von Willebrand factor (vWf, an index of damage to the endothelial cell), fibrinogen, glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist-to-hip ratio or the proportion of smokers. We also found systolic blood pressure (P = 0.014) and vWf (P = 0.021) to be higher, while high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.022) was lower in the 35 smokers, but we could not identify any factor that correlated with age. However, systolic (P = 0.028) and diastolic (P = 0.0072) blood pressures, triglycerides (P = 0.029) and waist-to-hip ratio (P < 0.0001) were all lower, while high-density lipoprotein was higher (P < 0.0001) in the 80 women compared to the men. We conclude that precise definition of the identity of the control group is necessary in studies of risk factors for atherosclerosis, or in frank disease, if mis-interpretation is to be avoided.
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Miller JP, Jones SG. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in management of peptic ulceration. Evidence supports eradication only in patients who have helicobacter and peptic ulceration. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 1995; 310:531. [PMID: 7888909 PMCID: PMC2548900 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.310.6978.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Miller JP, Mintz PD. The use of leukocyte-reduced blood components. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1995; 9:69-90. [PMID: 7737945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Many of the risks and discomforts associated with blood transfusion may be avoided by removing the contaminating leukocytes from cellular blood components. Leukocyte reduction prevents many febrile reactions that occasionally occur following red cell transfusion and prevents some febrile reactions following platelet transfusion. Prophylactic use of leukocyte-reduced components may prevent primary HLA alloimmunization, which is a principle cause of the refractoriness to platelet transfusion seen in many multiply transfused, thrombocytopenic patients. Leukocyte-reduced components are equally effective in the prevention of CMV as seronegative blood.
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Ryan AS, Treuth MS, Rubin MA, Miller JP, Nicklas BJ, Landis DM, Pratley RE, Libanati CR, Gundberg CM, Hurley BF. Effects of strength training on bone mineral density: hormonal and bone turnover relationships. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1994; 77:1678-84. [PMID: 7836186 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1994.77.4.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of a 16-wk strength-training program on bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 21 men [age 61 +/- 1 (SE) yr]. Sixteen men (age 59 +/- 2 yr) served as control subjects. To investigate the possible hormonal relationships underlying the effects on BMD, serum concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, and testosterone were determined before and after training. In addition, osteocalcin and skeletal alkaline phosphatase (markers of bone formation) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (a marker of bone resorption) were measured before and after training to assess bone turnover. The training program resulted in a 2.8 +/- 0.6% increase in femoral neck BMD (1.004 +/- 0.037 vs. 1.031 +/- 0.037 g/cm2; P < 0.001). However, there were no significant changes in total body, anterioposterior spine, lateral spine, Ward's triangle, or greater trochanter BMD. Moreover, there were no significant changes in growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, testosterone, osteocalcin, or skeletal alkaline phosphatase. There were no changes in the control group. Thus, strength training can increase femoral neck BMD, and this effect does not appear to be accompanied by changes in anabolic hormones or markers of bone formation and resorption.
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Abstract
Neurons may encode information in more subtle ways than their average firing rate; encoding by more complex features of a neuron's firing pattern may allow more efficient information transmission.
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Miller JP, Pratley RE, Goldberg AP, Gordon P, Rubin M, Treuth MS, Ryan AS, Hurley BF. Strength training increases insulin action in healthy 50- to 65-yr-old men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1994; 77:1122-7. [PMID: 7836113 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1994.77.3.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin resistance associated with aging may be due, in part, to reduced levels of physical activity in the elderly. We hypothesized that strength training increases insulin action in older individuals. To test this hypothesis, 11 healthy men 50-63 yr old [mean 58 +/- 1 (SE) yr] underwent a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic glucose clamp with concurrent indirect calorimetry and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after 16 wk of strength training. The training program increased overall strength by 47% (P < 0.001). Fat-free mass (FFM; measured by hydrodensitometry) increased (62.4 +/- 2.1 vs. 63.6 +/- 2.1 kg; P < 0.05) and body fat decreased (27.2 +/- 1.8 vs. 25.6 +/- 1.9%; P < 0.001) with training. Fasting plasma glucose levels and glucose levels during the OGTT were not significantly lower after training. In contrast, fasting plasma insulin levels decreased (85 +/- 25 vs. 55 +/- 10 pmol/l; P < 0.05) and insulin levels decreased (P < 0.05, analysis of variance) during the OGTT. Glucose infusion rates during the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic glucose clamp increased 24% (13.5 +/- 1.7 vs. 16.7 +/- 2.2 mumol.kg FFM-1.min-1; P < 0.05) during the low (20 mU.m-2.min-1) insulin infusion and increased 22% (55.7 +/- 3.3 vs. 67.7 +/- 3.9 mumol.kg FFM-1.min-1; P < 0.05) during the high (100 mU.m-2.min-1) insulin infusion. These increases were accompanied by a 40% increase (n = 7; P < 0.08) in nonoxidative glucose metabolism during the high insulin infusion. These results demonstrate that strength training increases insulin action and lowers plasma insulin levels in middle-aged and older men.
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Miller JP, Mintz PD. Falsely low calcium measurements after high volume plasma exchange in a patient with liver failure. TRANSFUSION SCIENCE 1994; 15:299-302. [PMID: 10161259 DOI: 10.1016/0955-3886(94)90157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A 63-year-old male with lactic acidosis secondary to fialuridine-induced liver failure underwent seven plasma exchanges while awaiting orthotopic liver transplantation. Following plasma exchange, total serum calcium concentrations measured by conventional clinical chemistry methods were significantly lower than the elemental calciums determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (P = 0.004). The difference in calcium measured by atomic absorption and by conventional methods correlated with serum citrate concentration (R = 0.77) Following the first exchange, the serum lactic acid concentration decreased from 10.2 to 4.4 mmol/L. These results suggest that plasma exchange may aid in the removal of metabolic products such as lactic acid in patients with liver failure. However, the accumulation of unmetabolized citrate may also result in falsely low total calcium measurements in some patients who undergo plasma exchange.
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Treuth MS, Ryan AS, Pratley RE, Rubin MA, Miller JP, Nicklas BJ, Sorkin J, Harman SM, Goldberg AP, Hurley BF. Effects of strength training on total and regional body composition in older men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 1994; 77:614-20. [PMID: 8002507 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.1994.77.2.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of a 16-wk strength-training program on total and regional body composition were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hydrodensitometry in 13 untrained healthy men [60 +/- 4 (SD) yr]. Nine additional men (62 +/- 6 yr) served as inactive controls. The strength-training program resulted in substantial increases in both upper (39 +/- 8%; P < 0.001) and lower (42 +/- 14%; P < 0.001) body strength. Total fat-free mass (FFM) increased by 2 kg (62.0 +/- 7.1 to 64.0 +/- 7.2 kg; P < 0.001), and total fat mass decreased by the same amount (23.8 +/- 6.7 to 21.8 +/- 6.0 kg; P < 0.001) when measured by DEXA. When measured by hydrodensitometry, similar increases in FFM (61.3 +/- 7.8 to 63.0 +/- 7.6 kg; P < 0.01) and decreases in fat mass (23.8 +/- 7.9 to 22.1 +/- 7.7 kg; P < 0.001) were observed. When measured by DEXA, FFM was increased in the arms (6.045 +/- 0.860 to 6.418 +/- 0.803 kg; P < 0.01), legs (19.416 +/- 2.228 to 20.131 +/- 2.303 kg; P < 0.001), and trunk (29.229 +/- 4.108 to 30.134 +/- 4.184 kg; P < 0.01), whereas fat mass was reduced in the arms (2.383 +/- 0.830 to 2.128 +/- 0.714 kg; P < 0.01), legs (7.583 +/- 1.675 to 6.945 +/- 1.551 kg; P < 0.001), and trunk (12.216 +/- 4.143 to 11.281 +/- 3.653 kg; P < 0.01) as a result of training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Aguilera EJ, Frisbie JH, Dillon HR, Joseph M, Simmons EE, Perry WT, Miller JP, Boushell M. Baseline body temperatures of patients with myelopathy. THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PARAPLEGIA SOCIETY 1994; 17:146-7. [PMID: 7964710 DOI: 10.1080/01952307.1994.11735925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In myelopathy patients, baseline body temperatures and effects of common ambient temperatures have not been measured. Oral (OT), rectal (ReT) and room (RmT) temperatures were measured between 5 and 7 A.M. in 46 myelopathy patients (one female) aged 61 +/- 14 (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) who had been paralyzed 20 +/- 12 years. Their levels of paralysis were cervical in 34, dorsal in 11, lumbar in one. OT was 36.2 (97.1 degrees F) +/- 0.6 degrees C and RT 36.7 (98.0 degrees F) +/- 0.6 degrees C, correlation coefficient (r) = 0.723. RmT was 23.9 +/- 1.9 degrees C (75.1 +/- 3.4 degrees F), but RmT did not correlate with ReT, r = 0.088, in spite of a 19 degrees F difference between the extremes of RmT. In conclusion, the early morning body temperature of myelopathy subjects is lower than the generally recognized norm but is unaffected by a moderately wide range of ambient temperatures in a hospital setting.
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Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, Fairhurst GJ, Jackson G, McEwan MS, McInnes GT, Miller JP, Mir MA, Reckless JP, Rees-Jones DI. Comparison of lipid-lowering effects of low-dose fluvastatin and conventional-dose gemfibrozil in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Am J Med 1994; 96:45S-54S. [PMID: 8017467 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(94)90232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A total of 123 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia were randomized on a 2:1 ratio to receive either fluvastatin at 20 mg once daily at night (n = 82) or gemfibrozil at 600 mg twice daily (n = 41) in a double-blind, double-dummy comparison of the effects on plasma lipid parameters and tolerability over 8 weeks. All patients had either low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations > or = 160 mg/dL (4.1 mmol/L) in association with definite coronary artery disease (CAD) or > or = 2 risk factors, or LDL-C > or = 190 mg/dL (4.9 mmol/L) with no CAD and < 2 risk factors. All had triglyceride (TG) levels < or = 350 mg/dL (4.0 mmol/L). After 8 weeks of treatment, fluvastatin produced significant reductions from baseline of 17.4% (p < 0.001) in LDL-C, 13.2% (p < 0.001) in total cholesterol (TC), 13.8% (p < 0.001) in very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and 6.4% (NS) in TG. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased by 5.6% (p < 0.001), and the ratio of LDL-C:HDL-C (Friedewald) was decreased by 21.2% (p < 0.001). Gemfibrozil reduced LDL-C by 15.8%, TC by 13.4%, VLDL-C by 32.2%, LDL-C:HDL-C by 24.8%, and TG by 34.2%, and increased HDL-C by 13.9% (all changes were statistically significant, p < 0.001) compared with baseline. Gemfibrozil produced significantly greater changes in VLDL-C (p < 0.01), HDL-C (p < 0.001), and TG (p < 0.001), but not in LDL-C: HDL-C, compared with fluvastatin. Both drugs significantly reduced apolipoprotein (apo) B and lipoparticles (Lp) E:B, and increased apo A-I but had divergent effects on LpA-I (increased with fluvastatin and reduced with gemfibrozil; p < 0.05). At the end of the study, 43.8% of fluvastatin patients and 45% of gemfibrozil patients achieved a reduction of > 20% in LDL-C levels. Normalization of LDL-C levels was achieved (according to European Atherosclerosis Society guidelines) by 13.4% of fluvastatin- and 14.6% of gemfibrozil-treated patients. Both drugs were well tolerated; adverse events occurred in 36.6% of fluvastatin recipients compared with 58.5% of patients taking gemfibrozil. No clinically notable elevations of aspartate or alanine aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, or creatine phosphokinase occurred. No patient developed new or worsening lens opacities associated with a reduction in optically corrected visual acuity. The most commonly reported adverse events were headache and gastrointestinal upset. There were no serious drug-related adverse events.
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Miller JP, Perry HM, Rossiter JE, Baty JD, Carmody SE, Sambhi MP. Regional differences in mortality during 15-year follow-up of 11,936 hypertensive veterans. Hypertension 1994; 23:431-8. [PMID: 8144212 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.23.4.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Several different investigators have reported increased stroke mortality in the southeastern United States, leading to the introduction of the term "Stroke Belt." The results presented here from the Veterans Administration Hypertension Screening and Treatment Program (HSTP) demonstrate an increased all-cause mortality among hypertensive patients seen in HSTP clinics in the southeastern United States when compared with similar patients from other HSTP clinics. Several different groupings of southeastern states were examined and compared with nine states west of the Mississippi River. A total of 11,936 male veterans, 5737 of whom were black, were identified as hypertensive during 1974-1976 in 32 HSTP clinics. Their mean age was 52.4 +/- 10.4 years, and their mean pretreatment blood pressure was 153.8 +/- 19.1/100.4 +/- 9.8 mm Hg. During a minimum of 13.9 years of follow-up, 5360 (44.9%) of these patients died. Proportional hazards modeling was used to fit a basic survival model with terms representing race, age, blood pressure, smoking, and obesity. Risk was increased with higher blood pressure, age, and smoking and with lower body mass index. For 6 HSTP clinics in an 11-state Stroke Belt (defined as states with stroke mortality > 10% above the United States average), the relative risk of death was 1.226 (95% confidence interval, 1.106-1.358) when compared with 9 states west of the Mississippi River. For two different groupings of southeastern states with 10 and 8 HSTP clinics the relative risk of death was 1.231 and 1.295.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Gozani SN, Miller JP. Optimal discrimination and classification of neuronal action potential waveforms from multiunit, multichannel recordings using software-based linear filters. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1994; 41:358-72. [PMID: 8063302 DOI: 10.1109/10.284964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We describe advanced protocols for the discrimination and classification of neuronal spike waveforms within multichannel electrophysiological recordings. The programs are capable of detecting and classifying the spikes from multiple, simultaneously active neurons, even in situations where there is a high degree of spike waveform superposition on the recording channels. The protocols are based on the derivation of an optimal linear filter for each individual neuron. Each filter is tuned to selectively respond to the spike waveform generated by the corresponding neuron, and to attenuate noise and the spike waveforms from all other neurons. The protocol is essentially an extension of earlier work [1], [13], [18]. However, the protocols extend the power and utility of the original implementations in two significant respects. First, a general single-pass automatic template estimation algorithm was derived and implemented. Second, the filters were implemented within a software environment providing a greatly enhanced functional organization and user interface. The utility of the analysis approach was demonstrated on samples of multiunit electrophysiological recordings from the cricket abdominal nerve cord.
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Arfken CL, Lach HW, Birge SJ, Miller JP. The prevalence and correlates of fear of falling in elderly persons living in the community. Am J Public Health 1994; 84:565-70. [PMID: 8154557 PMCID: PMC1614787 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.84.4.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fear of falling has been recognized as a potentially debilitating consequence of falling in elderly persons. However, the prevalence and the correlates of this fear are unknown. METHODS Prevalence of fear of falling was calculated from the 1-year follow-up of an age- and gender-stratified random sample of community-dwelling elderly persons. Cross-sectional associations of fear of falling with quality of life, frailty, and falling were assessed. RESULTS The prevalence of fear increased with age and was greater in women. After adjustment for age and gender, being moderately fearful of falling was associated with decreased satisfaction with life, increased frailty and depressed mood, and recent experience with falls. Being very fearful of falling was associated with all of the above plus decreased mobility and social activities. CONCLUSIONS Fear of falling is common in elderly persons and is associated with decreased quality of life, increased frailty, and recent experience with falls.
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Stasko JC, Bassalleck B, Booth EC, Chertok MB, Healey D, Jacot-Guillarmod R, Kovash MA, Mack DJ, Measday DF, Miller JP, Moinester MA, Ottewell D, Pickar MA, Weber P. Radiative decay of the Delta resonance: Analyzing powers for pi -p. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:973-976. [PMID: 10056585 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Miller JP, White RE. Photoaffinity labeling of cytochrome P450 2B4: capture of active site heme ligands by a photocarbene. Biochemistry 1994; 33:807-17. [PMID: 8292609 DOI: 10.1021/bi00169a023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Spiro[adamantane-2,2'-diazirine], which produces adamantyl carbene upon photolysis, binds tightly to P450 2B4 (KS = 3.2 microM), giving a normal substrate binding difference spectrum. Irradiation of 2-[3H]adamantane diazirine at 365 nm in the presence of native, ferric P450 2B4 resulted in first-order photolysis (t1/2 = 1.8 min). The main product was 2-[3H]adamantanol, with about 6% of the radioactivity covalently bound to P450 2B4. With the ferrous carbonyl form of P450 2B4, 2-adamantanol production decreased and protein labeling increased to 12%. When ferric cyanide 2B4 was used, 2-adamantanecarbonitrile was formed in addition to 2-adamantanol. The nitrile appears to have resulted from capture of the iron-bound cyanide ligand by the carbene. The use of multiple cycles of photolysis increased the percentage of protein labeling to 76%. Photolabeling was inhibited by known 2B4 substrates and inhibitors. Also, N-demethylation of benzphetamine and generation of a substrate binding difference spectrum by benzphetamine were both inhibited stoichiometrically with the fraction of radiolabeled protein. The labeled protein was permanently converted to the high-spin state, as indicated by the characteristic change in the absorbance spectrum, demonstrating irreversible occupation of the substrate binding site by the adamantyl residue. Mild acid hydrolysis of radiolabeled 2B4 at the five Asp-Pro bonds generated a 2-kDa peptide which carried 78% of the radioactivity. These results are interpreted as the result of the active site carbene reacting by three competing pathways: capture of the heme sixth ligand to yield either 2-adamantanol or 2-adamantanecarbonitrile, capture of an unbound active site water molecule to yield adamantanol, and covalent attachment to a protein residue. Thus, the P450 2B4 active site appears to contain at least one unbound water molecule in addition to the heme aquo sixth ligand, even when substrate is present.
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Arens M, Joseph T, Nag S, Miller JP, Powderly WG, Ratner L. Alterations in spliced and unspliced HIV-1-specific RNA detection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals with varying CD4-positive lymphocyte counts. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1993; 9:1257-63. [PMID: 7908212 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1993.9.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain amplification reactions (RT-PCR) were used to identify transcripts for HIV-1 structural and regulatory proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a cohort of 48 patients. At least one set of PCR primers was capable of detecting HIV-1 transcripts in 94% of patients. Unspliced gag-pol transcripts were detected with gag or pol primer sets in 60 and 63% of samples, respectively. A significant inverse correlation was noted between transcript identification with the gag primer set and the number of CD4-positive lymphocytes in the blood sample and the clinical stage of infection. Single-spliced env transcripts were identified in 44% of individuals. Multiple-spliced tat or nef transcripts were detected in 6.2 and 53% of individuals, respectively. These findings indicate that viral transcripts are expressed throughout the course of HIV-1 infection.
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Blann AD, Bushell D, Davies A, Faragher EB, Miller JP, McCollum CN. von Willebrand factor, the endothelium and obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY AND RELATED METABOLIC DISORDERS : JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF OBESITY 1993; 17:723-5. [PMID: 8118478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
von Willebrand factor (vWf), risk factors for atherosclerosis, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured in 108 non-diabetic patients attending lipid and vascular disease clinics and in 107 normal asymptomatic controls. High levels of vWf and increased BMI relative to controls were found in patients with hyperlipidaemia and vascular disease, but WHR was higher only in patients with vascular disease. Total serum cholesterol concentration (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), smoking (P < 0.02) and BMI (P < 0.001), but not WHR, were associated with vWf. As raised levels of vWf are a probable indicator of endothelial damage in vascular disease, these data suggest that obesity has an adverse influence on the endothelium and may help explain its link with cardiovascular disease.
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