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Hao Y, Prosperetti A. Rectified heat transfer into translating and pulsating vapor bubbles. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2002; 112:1787-1796. [PMID: 12430793 DOI: 10.1121/1.1508789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that, when a stationary vapor bubble is subject to a sufficiently intense acoustic field, it will grow by rectified heat transfer even in a subcooled liquid. The object of this paper is to study how translation, and the ensuing convective effects, influence this process. It is shown that, depending on the initial temperature distribution and other factors, convection can cause a destabilization of the bubble or its faster growth. Significant effects occur in parameter ranges readily encountered in practice. The phenomena described can therefore be exploited for bubble management, e.g., by increasing the condensation rate or promoting faster bubble growth and coalescence. In a saturated or a superheated liquid, heat rectification and convection reinforce each other and the bubble growth is accelerated by a translatory motion.
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202
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Li C, Shi Z, Hao Y. [Combined percutaneous ethanol injection through liver puncture and transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 2001; 23:490-2. [PMID: 11859718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the therapeutic effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with beta-ultrasound guided percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) at multiple points for hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS Eighty-seven patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were divided into two groups: Group A, 45 patients were treated with TACE only, group B, 42 patients were treated with TACE plus PEI. RESULTS In group A patients, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 66.7%, 41.4%, and 21.4%, respectively. Only 26.1% of cancer specimens showed complete necrosis by pathologic examination in group A. In group B, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 97.1%, 85.71% and 65.71%, respectively, with complete necrosis in 81.8%. CONCLUSION The therapeutic effects of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined with percutaneous multiple point ethanol injection through liver puncture is much better than that of TACE alone.
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203
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Zhang F, Hao Y, Pang W. [The implications of the biological indices examination of bone marrow cells in myelodysplastic syndromes]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2001; 22:528-32. [PMID: 11769678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the biological characteristics of the hematopoietic cells in myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS) and the relationship between the biological indices and the disease progressing. METHODS R banding technique for karyotype analysis, in vitro semi-solid culture for CFU-GM growth patterns, flow cytometry after monoclonal antibody labeling for proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, flow cytometry after in vitro bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation for cell cycle kinetics analysis, and X-linked HUMARA gene polymorphism assay for hematopoiesis clonality analysis were carried out in 37 MDS patients. RESULTS 1. Cytogenetic abnormalities were detected in 31% of the MDS patients and AML transformation occurred in 2 of 9 with normal and 3 of 5 with abnormal chromosomal karyotypes. 2. The mean CFU-GM colony yield was decreased and cluster yield increased in the MDS patients. Disease progression in 6 of 9 with more CFU-GM cluster yields, while only 1 of 9 with either normal or no CFU-GM yields transformed into AML. 3. Percentages of PCNA-positive BMMNCs were significantly higher in MDS patients than in normal control (44.22% vs 26.82%, P < 0.01). RAEB/RAEB-t subtypes had significantly higher PCNA-positive cells (P < 0.01). 4. The mean BrdU labeling index of MDS marrow cells was lower (5.07%), the mean DNA synthesis time (Ts) and potential doubling time(Tpot) of MDS patients were longer than that of normal control (p < 0.01), and the increased Ts and T pot were related to the disease progression. 5. Monoclonal pattern of BMMNCs was detected in 5 of 7 heterozygous female RA patients and the other 2 were polyclonal hematopoiesis. All 3 RAEB and 1 MDS/AML were monoclonal hematopoiesis. CONCLUSION With disease progressing and bone marrow blasts increasing, the biological nature of the hamatopoetic cells in MDS exhibited a tendency to transformation as follows: hematopoiesis converting into clonal, in vitro CFU-GM growth pattern approaching leukemic, PCNA expression increasing, and cell cycle prolonging.
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204
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Hao Y, Xie H, Xu L. [Association between polymorphism of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and apolipoprotein E gene and Parkinson's disease in Shanghai Hans]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2001; 81:1172-5. [PMID: 11769703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between polymorphism of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin(AACT) and apolipoprotein E(ApoE) genes and the risk of Parkinson's disease(PD) in Shanghai Hans. METHODS Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to study the distribution of AACT and ApoE gene polymorphism in 64 PD cases and 101 healthy elderly persons as controls. Association analysis was performed using odds ratio (OR) and chi 2 test. RESULTS No difference in distribution of AACT A/T allele polymorphism was found between PD cases and healthy controls(chi 2 = 0.83 P = 0.363 > 0.05), but AACT-AA genotype was associated with PD(OR = 2.68, chi 2 = 4.31 P = 0.038 < 0.05). The ApoE gene polymorphism was not associated with PD(allele: chi 2 = 2.85 P = 0.241 > 0.05; genotype: chi 2 = 9.25 P = 0.099 > 0.05). The AACT-AT genotype frequency in PD patients was significantly lower than that in the controls without ApoE epsilon 4 allele(OR = 0.47, chi 2 = 4.10 P = 0.043 < 0.05). In AACT-AT genotype the ApoE epsilon 4 allele was associated with PD(OR = 3.26, chi 2 = 5.53 P = 0.019 < 0.05). CONCLUSION The AACT-AA genotype and AACT-AT genotype with ApoE epsilon 4 might be susceptible factors for PD in Shanghai Hans.
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205
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Hao Y, Okamura S, Wang LM, Mineshita S. The involvement of bradykinin in adrenaline-induced pulmonary edema in rats. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND DENTAL SCIENCES 2001; 48:79-85. [PMID: 12160218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of endogenous bradykinin on adrenaline-induced pulmonary edema (PE) by blocking bradykinin receptors. In preliminary experiments, a bolus injection of adrenaline (ADR; 10 microg/kg) solution (10 microg/ml) was determined to be an edematogenic dose for inducing PE. The lung body weight index (LBI) and incidence of PE (IPE) were determined. The IPE and LBI of the group pretreated with Des-Arg9-[Leu8]-Bradykinin (DA-BK, 50 microg/kg, 50 microg/ml) increased significantly compared with those of the control group (p<0.05). On the other hand, there were no remarkable changes in IPE and LBI in the groups pretreated with Hoe140 (D-Arginyl-[Hyp3, Thi5, D-Tic7, Oic8]-Bradykinin (100 microg/kg, 100 microg/ml), captopril (20 mg/kg, 20 mg/ml) or L-NAME (1 mg/kg, 1 mg/ml). Moreover, the IPE and LBI of the group co-treated with L-NAME and DA-BK decreased compared with the DA-BK group (p<0.05). Thus, bradykinin aggravates adrenaline-induced PE through activation of the B2 receptor by the kallikreins as a result of the ADR administration, although the precise mechanism is not known.
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Tang J, Fang Z, Hao Y, Yang H, Ning J, Qi J, Zhao ZM, Zhang J, Hu HK, Xie HP, Gao FJ, Lin SE, Wang XJ. [The predomination of rotavirus G3 serotype among children with diarrhea in Lulong County in 1998]. ZHONGHUA SHI YAN HE LIN CHUANG BING DU XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA SHIYAN HE LINCHUANG BINGDUXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL VIROLOGY 2001; 15:234-5. [PMID: 11986693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea among children in rural population. METHODS 120 stool specimens collected from children with diarrhea during the winter of 1998 in Lulong County, Hebei Province were examined for rotavirus by PAGE and ELISA and for serotype by ELISA and PCR. RESULTS Rotavirus was detected in children aged between 2-24 months. The positive rate of rotavirus was 39.2% and the ratio of male to female was 1-1.47. All rotavirus RNA profiles were long pattern. The distribution of rotavirus serotypes was type 3(61.7%), followed by type 1(36.2%), and type 4(6.4%). CONCLUSIONS The epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea during 1998 rotavirus season in Lulong County was similar to that of other regions in China, but rotavirus serotype G3 was a prevalent strain in Lulong County, which was uncommon and different from the predominant G1 in other places throughout China.
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Song X, Zeng Y, Yu H, Hu J, Hao Y. The effect of fluid shear stress on ICAM-1 expression of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells. Technol Health Care 2001; 9:287-93. [PMID: 11381208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is an adherence molecule that is an important factor in many pathophysiological processes such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis and inflammation. It is secretion of endothelial cells by a variety of biochemical stimulations. But hemodynamic forces can also induce various functional changes in vascular endothelium. Some researches have proved that shear stress can modulate the expression of ICAM-1. But most of them examine the regulation of expression of ICAM-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. There is no detail on the effect of shear stress (SS) on ICAM-1 expression of microvascular endothelial cells (RBMECs). In this experiment, we use cultured rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMECs). By using the parallel plate flow chamber method, we give two magnitudes of lamminar shear stresses (0.2 dyn/cm2, 0.4 dyn/cm2) for different perieods of time on the slides of cells. Immunostaining method and image analysis shows a specific upregulation in ICAM-1 expression on RBMECs, which is different from endothelial cells of other species or vascular beds. Expression of ICAM-1 is increased 0.5h after the onset of SS, and reached its highest level 4h after onset of SS, then declines after that. The effect is time-dependent, not force magnitude-dependent. Endothelial cell surface expression of ICAM-1 in the supernatants of RBMECs exposed to SS was not modified excluding the possibility that RBMECs exposed to SS synthesize factors that upregulate ICAM-1. The experiment data are relevant to the current understanding of basic mechanisms that explain the signal transudation pathway occurring inside the endothelial cells under the effect of SS.
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208
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Moroi SE, Hao Y, Sitaramayya A. Nitric oxide attenuates alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors by ADP-ribosylation of G(i)alpha in ciliary epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:2056-62. [PMID: 11481272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the mechanism by which nitric oxide (NO) regulates alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor coupling to adenylyl cyclase in bovine ciliary epithelium. METHODS Ciliary epithelial explants were dissected, cultured, and labeled with [(3)H]adenine. [(3)H]Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) was measured under basal conditions and after exposure to forskolin, isoproterenol, clonidine, yohimbine, pertussis toxin, and the NO donor spermine-NO. Endogenous and NO-stimulated ADP-ribosylation of ciliary epithelial membrane proteins was determined by [(32)P]nicotinamide adenosine diphosphate (NAD) labeling and autoradiography. The three isoforms of the G(i)alpha protein subunit were evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Basal [(3)H]cAMP content was 13.4 +/- 1.3 picomoles/mg protein (SEM). Both isoproterenol and forskolin stimulated [(3)H]cAMP accumulation to 36.0 +/- 3.9 and 73.2 +/- 17.5 picomoles/mg protein, respectively. Clonidine did not affect basal [(3)H]cAMP levels, but attenuated both isoproterenol- and forskolin-mediated [(3)H]cAMP accumulation to 23.2 +/- 4.4 and 31.6 +/- 4.6 picomoles/mg protein, respectively. Yohimbine antagonized the clonidine-mediated adenylyl cyclase inhibition. Pertussis toxin blocked the effect of clonidine. In the presence of the NO donor spermine-NO, the clonidine-mediated inhibition of forskolin- and isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation was attenuated completely. NO significantly stimulated endogenous [(32)P]ADP-ribosylation of a 40-kDa membrane protein. Western blot analysis with specific antibodies revealed expression of all three G(i) subtypes--G(i1)alpha, G(i2)alpha, and G(i3)alpha--in bovine ciliary epithelium. CONCLUSIONS NO attenuates alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase in ciliary epithelium through ADP-ribosylation of the G(i)alpha subunit. The findings demonstrate heterologous regulation between the NO and cAMP signaling pathways in ciliary epithelium.
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209
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Shi J, Shao Z, Liu H, Li K, Song L, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Chen G, Chu Y, He H, Zhao M, He G, Feng B, Hao Y, Yang T, Yang C. [Study on the transformation from myelodysplastic syndromes into acute leukemias]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2001; 22:351-4. [PMID: 11877096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the patterns of transformation from myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) into acute leukemias (AL). METHODS Leukemic transformation of MDS patients was dynamically followed up and the clinical manifestations, peripheral blood and bone marrow pictures, karyotypes, immunophenotypes, response to treatment and prognosis of post MDS acute leukemia (postMDS-AL) were observed. RESULTS During the past eight year and seven months, 21 (13.91%) of 151 MDS patients progressed to overt leukemia with a median interval of 5 (1 - 21) months. There were no significant differences among the rates of leukemia from RA, RAEB and RAEB-t groups. The transformation was developed either gradually or rapidly. There were five parameters related to the leukemic transformation: under 40 years of age, pancytopenia, more than 0.15 blasts in bone marrow, at least two types of abnormal karyotype and combined chemotherapy. All of the 21 post MDS-AL were acute myeloid leukemia (AML); and most of them were M(2), M(4) and M(5). Two (9.52%) post MDS-AML developed extramedullary infiltration. Leukopenia was found in 47.62% of patients. Two third of the patients, whose bone marrows were generally hypercellular, showed neutropenias. After evolving into AML, 8 (47.06%) patients developed abnormal karyotypes. High expression of immature myeloid antigens, including CD(33) (49.83 +/- 24.50)%, CD(13) (36.38 +/- 33.84)%, monocytic antigen CD(14) (38.50 +/- 24.60)%, and stem cell marker CD(34) (34.67 +/- 30.59)% were found on bone marrow mononuclear cells of post MDS-AML cases. In some cases, lymphoid antigens, such as CD(5), CD(7), CD(9) and CD(19) were coexisted with myeloid antigens. A low complete remission rate (31.25%) and short survival duration with median survival of 6 (1 - 28) months were found in patients with post MDS-AML treated by induction therapy. CONCLUSION MDS was at high risk of evolving into AML, either gradually or rapidly. Patients with post MDS-AML had specific biologic features and worse prognoses.
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Curtis JE, Hao Y, Messner HA, Lipton JH, Lowsky R, Quirt IC, Sturgeon JFG, Zanke B, Keating A, Minden MD. Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia: Management with High-Dose Cytosine Arabinoside, Daunorubicin and Marrow Transplantation; Malignancy; Current Clinical Practice. HEMATOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2001; 5:177-187. [PMID: 11399613 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2000.11746507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Combination high-dose cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C) and daunorubicin (DNR) for primary remission induction of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) was evaluated in a single institution study. Patients aged 55 or less with an HLA-sibling received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (alloBMT) in first remission; other responders were offered autologous BMT (autoBMT). For remission induction 93 patients aged less than 60 received DNR 45 mg/m(2) BSA x 3 and ARA-C 2 gm/m(2) BSA every 12 hours for 12 doses; 53 aged 60 or older DNR 25 mg/m(2) daily x 3 and ARA-C 1.5-2.0 gm/m(2) BSA every 12 hours for 12 doses. Consolidation doses of DNR were the same but ARA-C 100 mg/m(2) BSA/day x 5 was given by continuous intravenous infusion. The complete remission rate for patients less than 60 years was 69.9% (95% CI: 59.5-79.0%) and 47.2% (95% CI: 33.3-61.4%) for the older patients. The median duration of first remission for the younger patients was 13.0 months and of overall survival 17.9 months; for patients over 60 years 5.6 and 10.0 months respectively. Disease-free survival and overall survival of the 19 patients receiving alloBMT and the 13 patients undergoing autoBMT aged less than 55 years and in first or second complete remission were significantly increased compared with 22 patients in remission but not having BMT (p < 0.001 and p < 0.013). The results support the effectiveness of high-dose ARA-C for remission induction, a need for intensive consolidation therapy and a role for BMT in the management of AML.
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211
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Hao Y, Dai K, Guo L, Wang Y, Tang T. Effects of recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) on experimental osteoporotic fracture healing. Chin J Traumatol 2001; 4:102-5. [PMID: 11834155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) on osteoporotic fracture healing in rats, and to provide an effective therapy for osteoporotic fracture. METHODS Thirty-six female 8-month-old SD rats were randomized into two groups: therapy group and control group. After the experimental model of osteoporotic fracture was established, the therapy group was treated with r-hGH of 2.7 mg/kg body weigh/day (1 mg=3 IU) for 10 days continuously by daily subcutaneous injection; whereas the control group was treated with equivalent saline. Plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentration was detected and bone mineral density (BMD) as well as biomechanical strength of callus were measured at 2, 4, 8 weeks. RESULTS Plasma insulin-like growth factor I concentration in the therapy group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.005) at 2nd week and began to decline at 4th week. At 8th week, there was no significant difference between the two groups. At 4th week, callus area and BMD in therapy group were higher than those in the control group, but at 8th week, they were lower and BMD had a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001). Biomechanical testing of callus showed that torsional strength of the therapy group was higher than that of the control group at 4th or 8th week, meanwhile maximum torsional angle had a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS The results show that exogenous r-hGH can stimulate osteoporotic fracture healing in rats.
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Hu C, Han JQ, Xu Z, Xiu HM, Liu JD, Hao Y. [Effects of baicalin on hepatocyte apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha and act D in rats]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG YAO ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO ZHONGYAO ZAZHI = CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA 2001; 26:124-7. [PMID: 12525110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of baicalin on rat hepatocyte apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factora (TNF-alpha) and actinomycin D (Act D) in vitro. METHODS Hepatocytes were cultured with different concentrations of baicalin and the cell apoptosis was induced by TNF-alpha and Act D in vitro. After culturing for 24 h, the activity of hepatocysts was examined by MTT assay and the function of hepatocytes for secreting albumin was detected by bromocresolum Viride method. Agarose gelelectrophoresis and flow cytometric analysis were used to determine the apoptotic cells. RESULTS The actively of the hepatocyte (A) and content of albumin (ALB) in the supernatant of cultured cells in the groups of 0.2 microgram.ml-1 and 2.0 micrograms.ml-1 of baicaline were significantly higher than those in apoptotic model group (A: P < 0.01; ALB: P < 0.01); respectively Even the ALB value in the group of 0.2 microgram.ml-1 baicalin was higher that of black control group (P < 0.01); The clear "ladder-like" streak-band of DNA fragments was found only in the apoptosis model group by the agarose gel electrophoresis. The flow cytometry showed that all the apoptosis rates in the three baicalin groups were lower than that of the apoptotic model group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Baicaline can restrain rat hepatocyte apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha and ActD in vitro.
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213
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Hao Y, Wu X, Liang Z, Xiong P, Jiang X, Gong F. Establishment of in vitro cellular model predicting histocompatibility in allograft. Curr Med Sci 2001; 21:277-9. [PMID: 12539546 DOI: 10.1007/bf02886555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2000] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel in vitro cellular model producting recipient-donor histocompatibility in allograft was developed to select the donor validity. Fifteen couples of blood samples of donor and recipient in human BMT were examined using the model, and skin allograft in mice was performed to test the model. The results showed that the less the differences of histocompatibility evaluated by the model were, the later GVHR in human BMT occurred and the longer the survival time of skin allografts in mice. It was suggested that the model could be used to predict correctly histocompatibility between donor and recipient.
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Blackmon SM, Peng YW, Hao Y, Moon SJ, Oliveira LB, Tatebayashi M, Petters RM, Wong F. Early loss of synaptic protein PSD-95 from rod terminals of rhodopsin P347L transgenic porcine retina. Brain Res 2000; 885:53-61. [PMID: 11121529 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a type of retinal degeneration involving first rod and then slow cone photoreceptor degeneration, can be caused by any of a number of mutations in different genes. In the cases of mutations affecting rod-specific genes such as rhodopsin, it is unclear how the mutations may cause degeneration of cones. We have used the porcine retina, which is rod-dominated and has an abundance of cones, to study the mutation-induced changes in both rod and cone photoreceptors. Like patients with the same mutation, rhodopsin P347L transgenic swine manifest rod-cone degeneration. In addition, the rod bipolar cells fail to form synaptic connections with rods; instead, they form ectopic synapses with cones. The mechanisms that prevent the formation of the rod-rod bipolar cell synaptic connection are not known. We used specific antibodies and immunocytochemistry to show that the synaptic protein, PSD-95, is present in both normal and transgenic porcine retinas. During neonatal development, however, PSD-95 is lost from rod terminals in the transgenic swine. This loss is virtually complete (90%) by postnatal day 5, at a time when greater than 80% of rod cell bodies still remain. Furthermore, the remaining rods retain their outer segments and their gross morphology appears relatively normal. In contrast, PSD-95 expression continues in cone terminals, even in 10-month-old transgenic swine, where the rods have all disappeared and the cones show signs of severe degeneration. These results suggest that loss of PSD-95 may not be a general consequence of the deteriorating cell. Rather, the very early and selective loss of PSD-95 from the rod terminals may be causally related to the absence of rod-rod bipolar cell synapses in the rhodopsin P347L transgenic retina.
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Peng YW, Hao Y, Petters RM, Wong F. Ectopic synaptogenesis in the mammalian retina caused by rod photoreceptor-specific mutations. Nat Neurosci 2000; 3:1121-7. [PMID: 11036269 DOI: 10.1038/80639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In addition to rod photoreceptor loss, many mutations in rod photoreceptor-specific genes cause degeneration of other neuronal types. Identifying mechanisms of cell-cell interactions initiated by rod-specific mutations and affecting other retinal cells is important for understanding the pathogenesis and progression of retinal degeneration. Here we show in animals with rod and cone degeneration due to mutations in the genes encoding rhodopsin and cGMP phosphodiesterase beta-subunit (PDE-beta) respectively, that rod bipolar cells received ectopic synapses from cones in the absence of rods. Thus, synaptic plasticity links certain rod-specific mutations to retina-wide structural alterations that involve different types of neurons.
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217
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Li Y, Hao Y, Zhu J, Owyang C. Serotonin released from intestinal enterochromaffin cells mediates luminal non-cholecystokinin-stimulated pancreatic secretion in rats. Gastroenterology 2000; 118:1197-207. [PMID: 10833495 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(00)70373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Similar to cholecystokinin (CCK), non-CCK-dependent duodenal factors stimulate vagal mucosal afferent fibers to mediate pancreatic enzyme secretion via a common cholinergic pathway. We tested the hypothesis that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) released from enterochromaffin (EC) cells plays an important role in the transduction of luminal information to the central nervous system via vagal afferent fibers to mediate pancreatic secretion. METHODS Pancreatic secretions were examined in conscious rats after intragastric administration of chopped rodent chow in the presence and absence of CCK or 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(2) antagonists. Pancreatic responses to intraduodenal administration of maltose, hyperosmolar NaCl, and light mucosal stroking were examined in rats pretreated with various pharmacological antagonists or after surgical or chemical ablation of vagal and 5-HT neural pathways. RESULTS Administration of L364, 718 inhibited 54% of pancreatic protein secretion evoked by intragastric administration of rodent chow. L364,714 and ICS 205-930, a 5-HT(3) antagonist, combined produced a 94% inhibition. Vagal afferent rootlet section eliminated pancreatic secretions evoked by intraduodenal stimuli. p-Chlorophenylalanine, a 5-HT synthesis inhibitor, but not 5,7-hydroxytryptamine, a 5-HT neurotoxin, also eliminated the pancreatic response to these luminal stimuli. The 5-HT(3) antagonist markedly inhibited pancreatic secretion induced by maltose and hyperosmolar NaCl. 5-HT(2) and 5-HT(3) antagonists combined inhibited the pancreatic response to light stroking of the mucosa. CONCLUSIONS Luminal factors such as osmolality, disaccharides, and mechanical stimulation stimulated pancreatic secretion via intestinal vagal mucosal afferent fibers. It is likely that 5-HT originating from intestinal EC cells activated 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(2) receptors on vagal afferent fibers to mediate luminal factor-stimulated pancreatic secretion.
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MESH Headings
- 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cholecystokinin/metabolism
- Consciousness
- Devazepide/pharmacology
- Duodenum/physiology
- Eating
- Enteral Nutrition
- Enterochromaffin Cells/metabolism
- Fenclonine/pharmacology
- Gastric Mucosa/physiology
- Hormone Antagonists/pharmacology
- Hypertonic Solutions/pharmacology
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Maltose/pharmacology
- Nerve Fibers/chemistry
- Nerve Fibers/drug effects
- Nerve Fibers/metabolism
- Pancreas/innervation
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Physical Stimulation
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Agents/pharmacology
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Sodium Chloride, Dietary/pharmacology
- Tropisetron
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Miura A, Hao Y, Koike Y, Wang LM, Honda Y, Mineshita S. The effect of the prostaglandin I2 analogue OP-2507 on adrenaline-induced pulmonary edema in rabbits and analysis of hemodynamic changes. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 2000; 83:125-34. [PMID: 10928325 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.83.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to understand the onset mechanism of adrenaline (ADR)-induced pulmonary edema (PE) and the effect of drugs related to the arachidonate cascade in a rabbit model. ADR was administered intravenously by a bolus injection to the rabbits at 50, 75 and 100 microg/kg. To evaluate the severity of PE, the lung-water ratio (LWR) was calculated as a ratio of the difference between wet and dry lung weight to dry lung weight. The PE incidence and LWR exhibited a dose-dependent increase, and LWR correlated with the left atrial pressure (LAP). The involvement of the arachidonate cascade was evaluated by the co-administration of flurbiprofen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor; ozagrel, a thromboxane synthase inhibitor; and OP-2507 (15-cis-(4-n-propylcyclohexyl)-6,17,18, 19,20-pentanor-9-deoxy-6,9-alpha-nitriloprostaglandin F1 methyl ester), a prostaglandin I2 analogue. Co-treatment of the rabbits with ADR and flurbiprofen resulted in an increase in LAP and the incidence of PE, whereas co-administration of ozagrel did not exhibit any significant changes in the measured parameters. Conversely, OP-2507 reduced the LAP, PE incidence and LWR when co-administered with ADR. Rabbits co-treated with OP-2507 displayed an improved cardiac function. The results of these studies demonstrated the effectiveness of OP-2507 in protecting the lung and cardiac function from the ADR-induced PE.
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Yang X, Hao Y, Ding Z, Pater A. BAG-1 promotes apoptosis induced by N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide in human cervical carcinoma cells. Exp Cell Res 2000; 256:491-9. [PMID: 10772821 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2000.4829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) is a synthetic apoptosis-inducing retinoid with cancer chemopreventive properties and lower toxicity than all-trans retinoic acid. BAG-1 is an antiapoptotic gene that is overexpressed in cervical and other cancers. In this study, we examined whether BAG-1 can inhibit 4-HPR-induced apoptosis in the C33A cervical carcinoma cell line. Surprisingly, although it inhibited apoptosis induced by five different apoptotic stimuli, overexpression of BAG-1 enhanced apoptosis induced by 4-HPR, producing a 2.5-fold lower IC(50) of 4-HPR. The effects of BAG-1 on 4-HPR-induced apoptosis were mediated by enhancing the caspase-3 activation pathway. Deletion mutation experiments showed that the central ubiquitin homology domain of BAG-1 protein was necessary for its promotion of 4-HPR-induced apoptosis, whereas its C-terminal Hsp70/Hsc70-interacting domain was required for its inhibition of staurosporine-induced apoptosis. These in vitro results suggest that the effectiveness of 4-HPR against the development of malignancy may be due to the overexpression of BAG-1 in cancer cells.
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Hao Y, Ma DH, Hwang DG, Kim WS, Zhang F. Identification of antiangiogenic and antiinflammatory proteins in human amniotic membrane. Cornea 2000; 19:348-52. [PMID: 10832697 DOI: 10.1097/00003226-200005000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the potential antiangiogenic and antiinflammatory proteins expressed in human amniotic membrane tissue. METHODS Human amniotic epithelial and mesenchymal cells were isolated from human amniotic membranes by sequential trypsin and collagenase digestion. Total RNAs were harvested from freshly obtained human amniotic epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Antiangiogenic and antiinflammatory proteins were detected by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique and further confirmed by DNA sequencing of PCR-amplified transcripts. The distribution of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) were studied further by immunohistochemistry performed on paraffin-embedded amniotic membrane tissue. RESULTS RT-PCR results showed that both human amniotic epithelial and mesenchymal cells express interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, all four TIMPs, collagen XVIII, and interleukin-10. Thrombospondin-1 was expressed in all of the epithelial cell specimens and in one out of five mesenchymal cell specimens. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry studies performed on freshly prepared amniotic membrane confirmed that all members of the TIMP family were present in epithelial and mesenchymal cells as well as in the compact layer of the amniotic stroma. In cryopreserved amniotic membranes, positive staining was seen in residual amniotic cells and stroma. CONCLUSIONS Human amniotic membrane epithelial and mesenchymal cells express various antiangiogenic and antiinflammatory proteins. Some of those proteins also were found in amniotic membrane stroma. These findings may explain in part the antiangiogenic and antiinflammatory effects of amniotic membrane transplantation.
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Hao Y, Xu S. [Myelodysplastic syndromes and preleukemia]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2000; 21:173. [PMID: 12894786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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Tan H, Hao Y, Ying H. [Study on human leukemia cell apoptosis inducing effect of fraction C of Naja naja Actra Venom]. ZHONGGUO ZHONG XI YI JIE HE ZA ZHI ZHONGGUO ZHONGXIYI JIEHE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED TRADITIONAL AND WESTERN MEDICINE 2000; 20:272-5. [PMID: 11789265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect and mechanism of fraction C isolated from Naja naja Actra Venom (FCNNAV) in inducing apoptosis of human leukemia cells. METHODS Light microscope, transmission electron microscope, DNA electrophoresis, flow cytometry and RT-PCR assay were used to observe the changes of human leukemia cells in morphology and biochemistry, and Bcl-2/Bax expression after exposing to FCNNAV. RESULTS FCNNAV could induce HL60 cells apoptosis demonstrated by the typical morphological and biochemical changes. Flow cytometry showed that J6-1, K562, HL60 and fresh leukemia cells apoptosis could be induced by FCNNAV, and the apoptosis rate was dose-dependent. RT-PCR detection showed the Bcl-2 gene expression of HL60 cells was down-regulated by FCNNAV, whereas the Bax expression was unaffected. CONCLUSION FCNNAV could induce apoptosis of human leukemia cells and this effect is related to down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression level.
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Shao Z, Shi J, Chen G, Li K, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, He H, Zhao M, He G, Zhang H, Chu Y, Hao Y. [Study on clinical and laboratory features of preleukemia patients]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2000; 21:182-6. [PMID: 11876977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore prospective diagnostic criteria for preleukemia. METHODS A case control study of the discrepancies of clinical and laboratory features between patients with preleukemia and those with chronic aplastic anemia (CAA) or atypical paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglubinuria (a-PNH). RESULTS There were eight variables of significance: (1) lymphocytoid micromegakaryocytes in marrow; (2) immature granulocytes in peripheral blood; (3) >or= 2% myeloblasts in marrow; (4) positive periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining of nucleated erythrocytes; (5) myeloid differentiation index >or= 1.8; (6) clonal karyotypic abnormalities; (7) negative sister chromatid differentiation; (8) > 4.0 cluster/colony ratio of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM). The following criteria was assigned: A: To meet (1) and at least two of the other seven variables; B: To meet at least four of the eight variables. All of the patients with preleukemia met A or B and none of the patients with CAA or a-PNH did. CONCLUSION Preleukemia is different from CAA or a-PNH. It has its own clinical and laboratory features, which may be useful for prospective diagnosis.
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Zhang H, Shao Z, Chen G, Wang L, Zhang Y, Li K, Li L, Sun J, Hao Y. [Study of the expression and function of c-kit receptor on the bone marrow mononuclear cells of the patients with myelodysplastic syndromes]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2000; 21:176-8. [PMID: 11876975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the expression and function of c-kit receptor on bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) of the patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. METHODS c-kit protein (CD(117)) was detected by direct immunofluorescence assay, c-kit mRNA by reverse transcriptive polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the function of c-kit receptor by cell culture. RESULTS c-kit protein expression in MDS was significantly higher than that in control [(8.58 +/- 5.28)% vs (3.04 +/- 1.49)%, P < 0.05]. c-kit protein expression in RA patients was significantly lower than that in RAEB/RAEB-t patients [(5.12 +/- 2.13)% vs (10.01 +/- 5.07)%, P < 0.05]. The rate of c-kit protein expression was (32.43 +/- 18.16)% in AML cases transformed from MDS (t-AML). c-kit mRNA expression in MDS was correlated with c-kit protein expression. Addition of interleukin-3 (IL-3), erythropoietin (Epo) and stem cell factor (SCF) to the semi-solid culture of BMMNC showed significant stimulating effects on CFU-GM and BFU-E formation in normal controls, but did not in MDS patients. CONCLUSION The protein and mRNA expressions of c-kit receptor on BMMNC in MDS are higher than those in normal control, and the function of this receptor in MDS is abnormal.
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Li K, Shao Z, Kawaguchi T, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Wang L, Hao Y. [Establishment and identification of B cell lines with PNH phenotype]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2000; 21:141-3. [PMID: 11876974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish B cell lines from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) and normal controls. METHODS B lymphoid cells prepared from PNH patients and normal controls were infected with EB virus. Phenotype of the immortal cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. The immunomagnetic beads were used to select CD(55)(-) and CD(59)(-) B lymphoid cells, which were cloned by limiting dilution. The clonality of the cloned cells was confirmed by testing the pattern of Ig rearrangements using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS From 2 PNH patients and 2 normal controls, CD(55)(-) and CD(59)(-) B lymphoblastoid cell lines were established which had PNH phenotype and normal phenotype, respectively. CONCLUSION B lymphoid cell lines from PNH patients can be obtained by EB virus infection.
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