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Moore JE, Robison RK, Hu J, Sengupta ST, Mahdi OS, Anderson AW, Luo LY, Mohler AC, Merrell RT, Choi C. Optimization of the flip angles of narrow-band editing pulses in J-difference edited MRS of lactate at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:886-895. [PMID: 38010083 PMCID: PMC10929535 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Application of highly selective editing RF pulses provides a means of minimizing co-editing of contaminants in J-difference MRS (MEGA), but it causes reduction in editing yield. We examined the flip angles (FAs) of narrow-band editing pulses to maximize the lactate edited signal with minimal co-editing of threonine. METHODS The effect of editing-pulse FA on the editing performance was examined, with numerical and phantom analyses, for bandwidths of 17.6-300 Hz in MEGA-PRESS editing of lactate at 3T. The FA and envelope of 46 ms Gaussian editing pulses were tailored to maximize the lactate edited signal at 1.3 ppm and minimize co-editing of threonine. The optimized editing-pulse FA MEGA scheme was tested in brain tumor patients. RESULTS Simulation and phantom data indicated that the optimum FA of MEGA editing pulses is progressively larger than 180° as the editing-pulse bandwidth decreases. For 46 ms long 17.6 Hz bandwidth Gaussian pulses and other given sequence parameters, the lactate edited signal was maximum at the first and second editing-pulse FAs of 241° and 249°, respectively. The edit-on and difference-edited lactate peak areas of the optimized FA MEGA were greater by 43% and 25% compared to the 180°-FA MEGA, respectively. In-vivo data confirmed the simulation and phantom results. The lesions of the brain tumor patients showed elevated lactate and physiological levels of threonine. CONCLUSION The lactate MEGA editing yield is significantly increased with editing-pulse FA much larger than 180° when the editing-pulse bandwidth is comparable to the lactate quartet frequency width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E. Moore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ryan K. Robison
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Philips, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jie Hu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Saikat T. Sengupta
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olaimatu S. Mahdi
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adam W. Anderson
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leo Y. Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander C. Mohler
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ryan T. Merrell
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Changho Choi
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Robison RK, Haynes JR, Ganji SK, Nockowski CP, Kovacs Z, Pham W, Morgan VL, Smith SA, Thompson RC, Omary RA, Gore JC, Choi C. J-Difference editing (MEGA) of lactate in the human brain at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:852-862. [PMID: 37154389 PMCID: PMC10901256 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The need to detect and quantify brain lactate accurately by MRS has stimulated the development of editing sequences based on J coupling effects. In J-difference editing of lactate, threonine can be co-edited and it contaminates lactate estimates due to the spectral proximity of the coupling partners of their methyl protons. We therefore implemented narrow-band editing 180° pulses (E180) in MEGA-PRESS acquisitions to resolve separately the 1.3-ppm resonances of lactate and threonine. METHODS Two 45.3-ms rectangular E180 pulses, which had negligible effects 0.15-ppm away from the carrier frequency, were implemented in a MEGA-PRESS sequence with TE 139 ms. Three acquisitions were designed to selectively edit lactate and threonine, in which the E180 pulses were tuned to 4.1 ppm, 4.25 ppm, and a frequency far off resonance. Editing performance was validated with numerical analyses and acquisitions from phantoms. The narrow-band E180 MEGA and another MEGA-PRESS sequence with broad-band E180 pulses were evaluated in six healthy subjects. RESULTS The 45.3-ms E180 MEGA offered a difference-edited lactate signal with lower intensity and reduced contamination from threonine compared to the broad-band E180 MEGA. The 45.3 ms E180 pulse had MEGA editing effects over a frequency range larger than seen in the singlet-resonance inversion profile. Lactate and threonine in healthy brain were both estimated to be 0.4 ± 0.1 mM, with reference to N-acetylaspartate at 12 mM. CONCLUSION Narrow-band E180 MEGA editing minimizes threonine contamination of lactate spectra and may improve the ability to detect modest changes in lactate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan K Robison
- Philips, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin R Haynes
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sandeep K Ganji
- Philips, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Charles P Nockowski
- Philips, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Wellington Pham
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Victoria L Morgan
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Seth A Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Reid C Thompson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Reed A Omary
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Changho Choi
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Truszkiewicz A, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Zalejska-Fiolka J, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D. Cellular Lactate Spectroscopy Using 1.5 Tesla Clinical Apparatus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911355. [PMID: 36232656 PMCID: PMC9570142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular lactate is a key cellular metabolite and marker of anaerobic glycolysis. Cellular lactate uptake, release, production from glucose and glycogen, and interconversion with pyruvate are important determinants of cellular energy. It is known that lactate is present in the spectrum of neoplasms and low malignancy (without necrotic lesions). Also, the appearance of lactate signals is associated with anaerobic glucose, mitochondrial dysfunction, and other inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was the detection of lactate in cell cultures with the use of proton magnetic resonance (1H MRS) and a 1.5 Tesla clinical apparatus (MR OPTIMA 360), characterized as a medium-field system. In this study, selected metabolites, together with cellular lactate, were identified with the use of an appropriate protocol and management algorithm. This paper describes the results obtained for cancer cell cultures. This medium-field system has proven the possibility of detecting small molecules, such as lactate, with clinical instruments. 1H MRS performed using clinical MR apparatus is a useful tool for clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Truszkiewicz
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszow, University of Rzeeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszow, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Jolanta Zalejska-Fiolka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszow, University of Rzeeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Ganji SK, An Z, Tiwari V, Chang Y, Patel TR, Maher EA, Choi C. Optimization of spectrally selective 180° radiofrequency pulse timings in J-difference editing (MEGA) of lactate. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:1150-1164. [PMID: 34657302 PMCID: PMC8776585 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE J-Difference editing (MEGA) provides an effective spectroscopic means of selectively measuring low-concentration metabolites having weakly coupled spins. The fractional inphase and antiphase coherences are determined by the radiofrequency (RF) pulses and inter-RF pulse intervals of the sequence. We examined the timings of the spectrally selective editing 180° pulses (E180) in MEGA-PRESS to maximize the edited signal amplitude in lactate at 3T. METHODS The time evolution of the lactate spin coherences was analytically and numerically calculated for non-volume localized and single-voxel localized MEGA sequences. Single-voxel localized MEGA-PRESS simulations and phantom experiments were conducted for echo time (TE) 60-160 ms and for all possible integer-millisecond timings of the E180 pulses. Optimized E180 timings of 144, 103, and 109 ms TEs, tailored with simulation and phantom data, were tested in brain tumor patients in vivo. Lactate signals, broadened to singlet linewidths (~6 Hz), were compared between simulation, phantom, and in vivo data. RESULTS Theoretical and experimental data indicated consistently that the MEGA-edited signal amplitude and width are sensitive to the E180 timings. In volume-localized MEGA, the lactate peak amplitudes in E180-on and difference spectra were maximized at specific E180 timings for individual TEs, largely due to the chemical-shift displacement effects. The E180 timings for maximum lactate peak amplitude were different from those of maximum inphase coherence in in vivo linewidth situations. CONCLUSION In in vivo MEGA editing, the E180 pulse timings can be effectively used for manipulating the inphase and antiphase coherences and increasing the edited signal amplitude, following TE optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K. Ganji
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Philips Healthcare, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhongxu An
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Vivek Tiwari
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Toral R. Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Maher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Annette G. Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Changho Choi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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5
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Askari P, Dimitrov IE, Ganji SK, Tiwari V, Levy M, Patel TR, Pan E, Mickey BE, Malloy CR, Maher EA, Choi C. Spectral fitting strategy to overcome the overlap between 2-hydroxyglutarate and lipid resonances at 2.25 ppm. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:1818-1828. [PMID: 33977579 PMCID: PMC8295210 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 1 H MRS provides a noninvasive tool for identifying mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). Quantification of the prominent 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) resonance at 2.25 ppm is often confounded by the lipid resonance at the same frequency in tumors with elevated lipids. We propose a new spectral fitting approach to separate these overlapped signals, therefore, improving 2HG evaluation. METHODS TE 97 ms PRESS was acquired at 3T from 42 glioma patients. New lipid basis sets were created, in which the small lipid 2.25-ppm signal strength was preset with reference to the lipid signal at 0.9 ppm, incorporating published fat relaxation data. LCModel fitting using the new lipid bases (Fitting method 2) was conducted along with fitting using the LCModel built-in lipid basis set (Fitting method 1), in which the lipid 2.25-ppm signal is assessed with reference to the lipid 1.3-ppm signal. In-house basis spectra of low-molecular-weight metabolites were used in both fitting methods. RESULTS Fitting method 2 showed marked improvement in identifying IDH mutational status compared with Fitting method 1. 2HG estimates from Fitting method 2 were overall smaller than those from Fitting method 1, which was because of differential assignment of the signal at 2.25 ppm to lipids. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, Fitting method 2 provided a complete distinction between IDH mutation and wild-type whereas Fitting method 1 did not. CONCLUSION The data suggest that 1 H MR spectral fitting using the new lipid basis set provides a robust fitting strategy that improves 2HG evaluation in brain tumors with elevated lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Askari
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering at University of Texas Arlington and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Texas
| | - Ivan E. Dimitrov
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Philips Healthcare, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sandeep K. Ganji
- Philips Healthcare, Andover, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Vivek Tiwari
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael Levy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Toral R. Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Edward Pan
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Bruce E. Mickey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Annette G. Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Elizabeth A. Maher
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Annette G. Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Changho Choi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Fallone CJ, Tessier AG, Field CJ, Yahya A. Resolving the omega-3 methyl resonance with long echo time magnetic resonance spectroscopy in mouse adipose tissue at 9.4 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4455. [PMID: 33269481 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tissue omega-3 (ω-3) content is biologically important to disease; however, its quantification with magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo is challenging due to its low concentration. In addition, the ω-3 methyl resonance (≈ 0.98 ppm) overlaps that of the non-ω-3 (≈ 0.90 ppm), even at 9.4 T. We demonstrate that a Point-RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence with an echo time (TE) of 109 ms resolves the ω-3 and non-ω-3 methyl peaks at 9.4 T. Sequence efficacy was verified on five oils with differing ω-3 fat content; the ω-3 content obtained correlated with that measured using 16.5 T NMR (R2 = 0.97). The PRESS sequence was also applied to measure ω-3 content in visceral adipose tissue of three different groups (all n = 3) of mice, each of which were fed a different 20% w/w fat diet. The fat portion of the diet consisted of low (1.4%), medium (9.0%) or high (16.4%) ω-3 fat. The sequence was also applied to a control mouse fed a standard chow diet (5.6% w/w fat, which was 5.9% ω-3). Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of excised tissue was performed for each mouse. The ω-3 fat content obtained with the PRESS sequence correlated with the GC measures (R2 = 0.96). Apparent T2 times of methyl protons were assessed by obtaining spectra from the oils and another group of four mice (fed the high ω-3 diet) with TE values of 109 and 399 ms. Peak areas were fit to a mono-exponentially decaying function and the apparent T2 values of the ω-3 and non-ω-3 methyl protons were 906 ± 148 and 398 ± 78 ms, respectively, in the oils. In mice, the values were 410 ± 68 and 283 ± 57 ms for ω-3 and non-ω-3 fats, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara J Fallone
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anthony G Tessier
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Atiyah Yahya
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Tiwari V, Daoud EV, Hatanpaa KJ, Gao A, Zhang S, An Z, Ganji SK, Raisanen JM, Lewis CM, Askari P, Baxter J, Levy M, Dimitrov I, Thomas BP, Pinho MC, Madden CJ, Pan E, Patel TR, DeBerardinis RJ, Sherry AD, Mickey BE, Malloy CR, Maher EA, Choi C. Glycine by MR spectroscopy is an imaging biomarker of glioma aggressiveness. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:1018-1029. [PMID: 32055850 PMCID: PMC7339885 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade gliomas likely remodel the metabolic machinery to meet the increased demands for amino acids and nucleotides during rapid cell proliferation. Glycine, a non-essential amino acid and intermediate of nucleotide biosynthesis, may increase with proliferation. Non-invasive measurement of glycine by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was evaluated as an imaging biomarker for assessment of tumor aggressiveness. METHODS We measured glycine, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), and other tumor-related metabolites in 35 glioma patients using an MRS sequence tailored for co-detection of glycine and 2HG in gadolinium-enhancing and non-enhancing tumor regions on 3T MRI. Glycine and 2HG concentrations as measured by MRS were correlated with tumor cell proliferation (MIB-1 labeling index), expression of mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2), and glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) enzymes, and patient overall survival. RESULTS Elevated glycine was strongly associated with presence of gadolinium enhancement, indicating more rapidly proliferative disease. Glycine concentration was positively correlated with MIB-1, and levels higher than 2.5 mM showed significant association with shorter patient survival, irrespective of isocitrate dehydrogenase status. Concentration of 2HG did not correlate with MIB-1 index. A high glycine/2HG concentration ratio, >2.5, was strongly associated with shorter survival (P < 0.0001). GLDC and SHMT2 expression were detectable in all tumors with glycine concentration, demonstrating an inverse correlation with GLDC. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that aggressive gliomas reprogram glycine-mediated one-carbon metabolism to meet the biosynthetic demands for rapid cell proliferation. MRS evaluation of glycine provides a non-invasive metabolic imaging biomarker that is predictive of tumor progression and clinical outcome. KEY POINTS 1. Glycine and 2-hydroxyglutarate in glioma patients are precisely co-detected using MRS at 3T.2. Tumors with elevated glycine proliferate and progress rapidly.3. A high glycine/2HG ratio is predictive of shortened patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Tiwari
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Elena V Daoud
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kimmo J Hatanpaa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ang Gao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zhongxu An
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sandeep K Ganji
- Philips Healthcare, Andover, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jack M Raisanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Cheryl M Lewis
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Pegah Askari
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jeannie Baxter
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michael Levy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ivan Dimitrov
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Binu P Thomas
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Marco C Pinho
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Christopher J Madden
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Edward Pan
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Toral R Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Bruce E Mickey
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Elizabeth A Maher
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Changho Choi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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8
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Tiwari V, Mashimo T, An Z, Vemireddy V, Piccirillo S, Askari P, Hulsey KM, Zhang S, de Graaf RA, Patel TR, Pan E, Mickey BE, Maher EA, Bachoo RM, Choi C. In vivo MRS measurement of 2-hydroxyglutarate in patient-derived IDH-mutant xenograft mouse models versus glioma patients. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1152-1160. [PMID: 32003035 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To generate a preclinical model of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas from glioma patients and design a MRS method to test the compatibility of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) production between the preclinical model and patients. METHODS Five patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice were generated from two glioma patients with IDH1 R132H mutation. A PRESS sequence was tailored at 9.4 T, with computer simulation and phantom analyses, for improving 2HG detection in mice. 2HG and other metabolites in the PDX mice were measured using the optimized MRS at 9.4 T and compared with 3 T MRS measurements of the metabolites in the parental-tumor patients. Spectral fitting was performed with LCModel using in-house basis spectra. Metabolite levels were quantified with reference to water. RESULTS The PRESS TE was optimized to be 96 ms, at which the 2HG 2.25 ppm signal was narrow and inverted, thereby leading to unequivocal separation of the 2HG resonance from adjacent signals from other metabolites. The optimized MRS provided precise detection of 2HG in mice compared to short-TE MRS at 9.4 T. The 2HG estimates in PDX mice were in excellent agreement with the 2HG measurements in the patients. CONCLUSION The similarity of 2HG production between PDX models and parental-tumor patients indicates that PDX tumors retain the parental IDH metabolic fingerprint and can serve as a preclinical model for improving our understanding of the IDH-mutation associated metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Tiwari
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tomoyuki Mashimo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Annette G. Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zhongxu An
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Vamsidhara Vemireddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sara Piccirillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Pegah Askari
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering at University of Texas Arlington and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Texas
| | - Keith M Hulsey
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shanrong Zhang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Toral R Patel
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Edward Pan
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Bruce E Mickey
- Annette G. Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Elizabeth A Maher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Annette G. Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Robert M Bachoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Annette G. Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Changho Choi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.,Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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9
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Dobberthien BJ, Tessier AG, Stanislaus AE, Sawyer MB, Fallone BG, Yahya A. PRESS timings for resolving 13 C 4 -glutamate 1 H signal at 9.4 T: Demonstration in rat with uniformly labelled 13 C-glucose. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4180. [PMID: 31518031 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MRS of 13 C4 -labelled glutamate (13 C4 -Glu) during an infusion of a carbon-13 (13 C)-labelled substrate, such as uniformly labelled glucose ([U-13 C6 ]-Glc), provides a measure of Glc metabolism. The presented work provides a single-shot indirect 13 C detection technique to quantify the approximately 2.51 ppm 13 C4 -Glu satellite proton (1 H) peak at 9.4 T. The methodology is an optimized point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence that minimizes signal contamination from the strongly coupled protons of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), which resonate at approximately 2.49 ppm. J-coupling evolution of protons was characterized numerically and verified experimentally. A (TE1 , TE2 ) combination of (20 ms, 106 ms) was found to be suitable for minimizing NAA signal in the 2.51 ppm 1 H 13 C4 -Glu spectral region, while retaining the 13 C4 -Glu 1 H satellite peak. The efficacy of the technique was verified on phantom solutions and on two rat brains in vivo during an infusion of [U-13 C6 ]-Glc. LCModel was employed for analysis of the in vivo spectra to quantify the 2.51 ppm 1 H 13 C4 -Glu signal to obtain Glu C4 fractional enrichment time courses during the infusions. Cramér-Rao lower bounds of about 8% were obtained for the 2.51 ppm 13 C4 -Glu 1 H satellite peak with the optimal TE combination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony G Tessier
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Michael B Sawyer
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - B Gino Fallone
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Atiyah Yahya
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Kumar V, Bora GS, Kumar R, Jagannathan NR. Multiparametric (mp) MRI of prostate cancer. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 105:23-40. [PMID: 29548365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers in men. A large number of men are detected with PCa; however, the clinical behavior ranges from low-grade indolent tumors that never develop into a clinically significant disease to aggressive, invasive tumors that may rapidly progress to metastatic disease. The challenges in clinical management of PCa are at levels of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up after treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods have shown a potential role in detection, localization, staging, assessment of aggressiveness, targeting biopsies, etc. in PCa patients. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is emerging as a better option compared to the individual imaging methods used in the evaluation of PCa. There are attempts to improve the reproducibility and reliability of mpMRI by using an objective scoring system proposed in the prostate imaging reporting and data system (PIRADS) for standardized reporting. Prebiopsy mpMRI may be used to detect PCa in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen or abnormal digital rectal examination and to enable targeted biopsies. mpMRI can also be used to decide on clinical management of patients, for example active surveillance, and may help in detecting only the pathology that requires detection. It can potentially not only guide patient selection for initial and repeat biopsy but also reduce false-negative biopsies. This review presents a description of the MR methods most commonly applied for investigations of prostate. The anatomical, functional and metabolic parameters obtained from these MR methods are discussed with regard to their physical basis and their contribution to mpMRI investigations of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Kumar
- Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Girdhar S Bora
- Department of Urology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Naranamangalam R Jagannathan
- Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
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11
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Dobberthien BJ, Tessier AG, Yahya A. Improved resolution of glutamate, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid with optimized point-resolved spectroscopy sequence timings for their simultaneous quantification at 9.4 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3851. [PMID: 29105187 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are relevant brain metabolites that can be measured with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). This work optimizes the point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence echo times, TE1 and TE2 , for improved simultaneous quantification of the three metabolites at 9.4 T. Quantification was based on the proton resonances of Gln, Glu and GABA at ≈2.45, ≈2.35 and ≈2.28 ppm, respectively. Glu exhibits overlap with both Gln and GABA; in addition, the Gln peak is contaminated by signal from the strongly coupled protons of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), which resonate at about 2.49 ppm. J-coupling evolution of the protons was characterized numerically and verified experimentally. A {TE1 , TE2 } combination of {106 ms, 16 ms} minimized the NAA signal in the Gln spectral region, whilst retaining Gln, Glu and GABA peaks. The efficacy of the technique was verified on phantom solutions and on rat brain in vivo. LCModel was employed to analyze the in vivo spectra. The average T2 -corrected Gln, Glu and GABA concentrations were found to be 3.39, 11.43 and 2.20 mM, respectively, assuming a total creatine concentration of 8.5 mM. LCModel Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) for Gln, Glu and GABA were in the ranges 14-17%, 4-6% and 16-19%, respectively. The optimal TE resulted in concentrations for Gln and GABA that agreed more closely with literature concentrations compared with concentrations obtained from short-TE spectra acquired with a {TE1 , TE2 } combination of {12 ms, 9 ms}. LCModel estimations were also evaluated with short-TE PRESS and with the optimized long TE of {106 ms, 16 ms}, using phantom solutions of known metabolite concentrations. It was shown that concentrations estimated with LCModel can be inaccurate when combined with short-TE PRESS, where there is peak overlap, even when low (<20%) CRLBs are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony G Tessier
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Atiyah Yahya
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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12
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Tiwari V, An Z, Ganji SK, Baxter J, Patel TR, Pan E, Mickey BE, Maher EA, Pinho MC, Choi C. Measurement of glycine in healthy and tumorous brain by triple-refocusing MRS at 3 T in vivo. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3747. [PMID: 28548710 PMCID: PMC5557683 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Glycine (Gly) has been implicated in several neurological disorders, including malignant brain tumors. The precise measurement of Gly is challenging largely as a result of the spectral overlap with myo-inositol (mI). We report a new triple-refocusing sequence for the reliable co-detection of Gly and mI at 3 T and for the evaluation of Gly in healthy and tumorous brain. The sequence parameters were optimized with density-matrix simulations and phantom validation. With a total TE of 134 ms, the sequence gave complete suppression of the mI signal between 3.5 and 3.6 ppm and, consequently, well-defined Gly (3.55 ppm) and mI (3.64 ppm) peaks. In vivo 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data were acquired from the gray matter (GM)-dominant medial occipital and white matter (WM)-dominant left parietal regions in six healthy subjects, and analyzed with LCModel using in-house-calculated basis spectra. Tissue segmentation was performed to obtain the GM and WM contents within the MRS voxels. Metabolites were quantified with reference to GM-rich medial occipital total creatine at 8 mM. The Gly and mI concentrations were estimated to be 0.63 ± 0.05 and 8.6 ± 0.6 mM for the medial occipital and 0.34 ± 0.05 and 5.3 ± 0.8 mM for the left parietal regions, respectively. From linear regression of the metabolite estimates versus fractional GM content, the concentration ratios between pure GM and pure WM were estimated to be 2.6 and 2.1 for Gly and mI, respectively. Clinical application of the optimized sequence was performed in four subjects with brain tumor. The Gly levels in tumors were higher than those of healthy brain. Gly elevation was more extensive in a post-contrast enhancing region than in a non-enhancing region. The data indicate that the optimized triple-refocusing sequence may provide reliable co-detection of Gly and mI, and alterations of Gly in brain tumors can be precisely evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Tiwari
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zhongxu An
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sandeep K. Ganji
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jeannie Baxter
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Toral R. Patel
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Edward Pan
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Bruce E. Mickey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Maher
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Marco C. Pinho
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Changho Choi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Correspondence to: Changho Choi, PhD, Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390-8542,
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13
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Gambarota G. Optimization of metabolite detection by quantum mechanics simulations in magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anal Biochem 2017; 529:65-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Bellomo G, Marcocci F, Bianchini D, Mezzenga E, D’Errico V, Menghi E, Zannoli R, Sarnelli A. MR Spectroscopy in Prostate Cancer: New Algorithms to Optimize Metabolite Quantification. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165730. [PMID: 27832096 PMCID: PMC5104319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in male subjects and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in developed countries. The necessity of a non-invasive technique for the diagnosis of PCa in early stage has grown through years. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (1H-MRSI) are advanced magnetic resonance techniques that can mark the presence of metabolites such as citrate, choline, creatine and polyamines in a selected voxel, or in an array of voxels (in MRSI) inside prostatic tissue. Abundance or lack of these metabolites can discriminate between pathological and healthy tissue. Although the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is well established in brain and liver with dedicated software for spectral analysis, quantification of metabolites in prostate can be very difficult to achieve, due to poor signal to noise ratio and strong J-coupling of the citrate. The aim of this work is to develop a software prototype for automatic quantification of citrate, choline and creatine in prostate. Its core is an original fitting routine that makes use of a fixed step gradient descent minimization algorithm (FSGD) and MRS simulations developed with the GAMMA libraries in C++. The accurate simulation of the citrate spin systems allows to predict the correct J-modulation under different NMR sequences and under different coupling parameters. The accuracy of the quantifications was tested on measurements performed on a Philips Ingenia 3T scanner using homemade phantoms. Some acquisitions in healthy volunteers have been also carried out to test the software performance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bellomo
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Francesco Marcocci
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - David Bianchini
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Emilio Mezzenga
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Vincenzo D’Errico
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Enrico Menghi
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Romano Zannoli
- Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine Department DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Sarnelli
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, FC, Italy
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15
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Fisher ME, Dobberthien BJ, Tessier AG, Yahya A. Characterization of the response of taurine protons to PRESS at 9.4 T for Resolving choline and Determining taurine T2. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1427-1435. [PMID: 27496562 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS), characterized by two TEs (TE1 and TE2 ), can be employed to perform animal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies at 9.4 T. Taurine (Tau) and choline (Cho) are relevant metabolites that can be measured by MRS. In this work, the response of the J-coupled protons of Tau as a function of PRESS TE1 and TE2 was characterized at 9.4 T to achieve two objectives. The first was to determine two TE1 and TE2 combinations that could be used to obtain T2 -corrected measures of Tau (3.42 ppm) that were minimally influenced by J coupling. The second was to exploit the Tau J coupling to find a timing combination that minimized the 3.25-ppm Tau signal to enable the Cho (3.22 ppm) resonance to be resolved from the overlapping Tau signal. The response of Tau protons was investigated both numerically and experimentally. It was numerically determined that the timings {TE1 , TE2 } = {17 ms, 10 ms} and {TE1 , TE2 } = {80 ms, 70 ms} yielded similar 3.42-ppm Tau resonance areas (5% difference), rendering them suitable for Tau T2 determination. {TE1 , TE2 } = {25 ms, 50 ms} was found to yield minimal 3.25-ppm Tau signal, reducing its interference with Cho. The efficacy of the timings was demonstrated on phantom solutions and in vivo in four Sprague Dawley rats. LCModel was employed to analyse the in vivo spectra and Tau T2 values were estimated by fitting the Tau peak areas obtained with {TE1 , TE2 } = {17 ms, 10 ms} and {TE1 , TE2 } = {80 ms, 70 ms} to a monoexponentially decaying function. An average Tau T2 of 106 ms (standard deviation, 12 ms) was obtained. LCModel analysis of rat spectra obtained with {TE1 , TE2 } = {25 ms, 50 ms} demonstrated negligible levels of Tau signal, compared with that obtained with short TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa E Fisher
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Anthony G Tessier
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Atiyah Yahya
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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16
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Buonocore MH, Maddock RJ. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain: a review of physical principles and technical methods. Rev Neurosci 2016. [PMID: 26200810 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides unique information about the neurobiological substrates of brain function in health and disease. However, many of the physical principles underlying MRS are distinct from those underlying magnetic resonance imaging, and they may not be widely understood by neuroscientists new to this methodology. This review describes these physical principles and many of the technical methods in current use for MRS experiments. A better understanding these principles and methods may help investigators select pulse sequences and quantification methods best suited to the aims of their research program and avoid pitfalls that can hamper new investigators in this field.
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17
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Kim H, Kim S, Lee HH, Heo H. In-Vivo Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of 2-Hydroxyglutarate in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Mutated Gliomas: A Technical Review for Neuroradiologists. Korean J Radiol 2016; 17:620-32. [PMID: 27587950 PMCID: PMC5007388 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2016.17.5.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic and prognostic potential of an onco-metabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) as a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) detectable biomarker of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutated (IDH-MT) gliomas has drawn attention of neuroradiologists recently. However, due to severe spectral overlap with background signals, quantification of 2HG can be very challenging. In this technical review for neuroradiologists, first, the biochemistry of 2HG and its significance in the diagnosis of IDH-MT gliomas are summarized. Secondly, various 1H-MRS methods used in the previous studies are outlined. Finally, wereview previous in vivo studies, and discuss the current status of 1H-MRS in the diagnosis of IDH-MT gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 03087, Korea.; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyeong Hun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 03087, Korea
| | - Hwon Heo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 03087, Korea
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18
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Guo J, Patay Z, Reddick WE. Fast frequency-sweep spectroscopic imaging with an ultra-low flip angle. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30066. [PMID: 27440077 PMCID: PMC4954958 DOI: 10.1038/srep30066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging has become an important tool in clinical settings for noninvasively obtaining spatial and metabolic information on a molecular scale. Conventional spectroscopic imaging is acquired in the time domain, and its clinical application is limited by the long acquisition time, restricted spatial coverage, and complex suppression and reconstruction procedures. We introduce a fast MR spectroscopic imaging technique in the frequency domain, termed phase-cycled spectroscopic imaging (PCSI). PCSI uses a balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence with an ultra-low flip angle to achieve very high acquisition efficiency with a short repetition time. This approach enables faster frequency sweeping by changing the cycled RF phase and using flexible non-uniform sampling, and it greatly reduces the RF energy deposition in tissue. With its intrinsic water and fat suppression, PCSI more closely resembles routine clinical scans because it eliminates the suppression steps. We demonstrate that it is feasible to acquire PCSI spectra in a phantom and in humans and that PCSI provides an efficient spectroscopic imaging method, even for J-coupled metabolites. PCSI may enable spectroscopic imaging to play a larger role in the clinical assessment of the spatial tissue distribution of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Guo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, 38105 Tennessee, USA
| | - Zoltan Patay
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, 38105 Tennessee, USA
| | - Wilburn E. Reddick
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, 38105 Tennessee, USA
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19
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Berrington A, Voets NL, Plaha P, Larkin SJ, Mccullagh J, Stacey R, Yildirim M, Schofield CJ, Jezzard P, Cadoux-Hudson T, Ansorge O, Emir UE. Improved localisation for 2-hydroxyglutarate detection at 3T using long-TE semi-LASER. Tomography 2016; 2:94-105. [PMID: 27547821 PMCID: PMC4990123 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2016.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) has emerged as a biomarker of tumour cell IDH mutations that may enable the differential diagnosis of glioma patients. At 3 Tesla, detection of 2-HG with magnetic resonance spectroscopy is challenging because of metabolite signal overlap and a spectral pattern modulated by slice selection and chemical shift displacement. Using density matrix simulations and phantom experiments, an optimised semi-LASER scheme (TE = 110 ms) improves localisation of the 2-HG spin system considerably compared to an existing PRESS sequence. This results in a visible 2-HG peak in the in vivo spectra at 1.9 ppm in the majority of IDH mutated tumours. Detected concentrations of 2-HG were similar using both sequences, although the use of semi-LASER generated narrower confidence intervals. Signal overlap with glutamate and glutamine, as measured by pairwise fitting correlation was reduced. Lactate was readily detectable across glioma patients using the method presented here (mean CLRB: (10±2)%). Together with more robust 2-HG detection, long TE semi-LASER offers the potential to investigate tumour metabolism and stratify patients in vivo at 3T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Berrington
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, FMRIB Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Natalie L. Voets
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, FMRIB Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Puneet Plaha
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford
| | - Sarah J. Larkin
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | | | - Richard Stacey
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford
| | | | | | - Peter Jezzard
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, FMRIB Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Tom Cadoux-Hudson
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford
| | - Uzay E. Emir
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, FMRIB Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford
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20
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Gallinat J, McMahon K, Kühn S, Schubert F, Schaefer M. Cross-sectional Study of Glutamate in the Anterior Cingulate and Hippocampus in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:425-33. [PMID: 26333842 PMCID: PMC4753596 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been growing support for dysfunctions of the excitatory glutamatergic system and its implications for the psychophysiology of schizophrenia. However, previous studies reported mixed results regarding glutamate concentrations in schizophrenia with varying deviations across brain regions. METHODS We used an optimized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy procedure to measure absolute glutamate concentrations in the left hippocampal region and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in 29 medicated patients with schizophrenia and in 29 control participants without mental disorder. RESULTS The glutamate concentrations were significantly lower in the ACC but higher in the hippocampus of patients compared to controls. ACC and hippocampal glutamate concentrations correlated positively in patients but not in controls. ACC glutamate was weakly associated with Clinical Global Impression score and duration of illness in patients. CONCLUSION Glutamate concentrations in schizophrenia deviate from controls and show associations with disease severity. A higher concentration of hippocampal glutamate in schizophrenia compared to controls is shown. The association between ACC and hippocampus glutamate concentrations in patients with schizophrenia suggests an abnormal coupling of excitatory systems compared to controls as predicted by previous glutamate models of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Gallinat
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Berlin, Germany;
| | - Kibby McMahon
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Simone Kühn
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Martin Schaefer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Addiction Medicine, Essen, Germany
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21
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Chan KL, Puts NAJ, Snoussi K, Harris AD, Barker PB, Edden RAE. Echo time optimization for J-difference editing of glutathione at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:498-504. [PMID: 26918659 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the echo time (TE) dependence of J-difference editing of glutathione and to determine the optimal TE for in vivo measurements at 3T. METHODS Spatially resolved density-matrix simulations and phantom experiments were performed at a range of TEs to establish the spatial and TE modulation of glutathione signals in editing-on, editing-off, and difference spectra at 3T. In vivo data were acquired in five healthy subjects to compare a TE of 68 ms and a TE of 120 ms. At the longer TE, high-bandwidth, frequency-modulated, slice-selective refocusing pulses were also compared with conventional amplitude-modulated pulses. RESULTS Simulations and relaxation-corrected phantom experiments suggest that the maximum edited signal occurs at TE 160 ms, ignoring transverse relaxation. Considering in vivo T2 relaxation times of 67-89 ms, the optimal in vivo TE is estimated to be 120 ms. In vivo measurements showed that this TE yielded 15% more signal than TE 68 ms. A further gain of 57% resulted from using improved slice-selective refocusing pulses. CONCLUSION J-difference editing of glutathione using TE 120 ms delivers increased signal due to improved editing efficiency that more than offsets T2 losses. The additional TE also allows for use of improved slice-selective refocusing pulses, which results in additional signal gains. Magn Reson Med 77:498-504, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karim Snoussi
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley D Harris
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter B Barker
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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22
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de la Fuente MI, Young RJ, Rubel J, Rosenblum M, Tisnado J, Briggs S, Arevalo-Perez J, Cross JR, Campos C, Straley K, Zhu D, Dong C, Thomas A, Omuro AA, Nolan CP, Pentsova E, Kaley TJ, Oh JH, Noeske R, Maher E, Choi C, Gutin PH, Holodny AI, Yen K, DeAngelis LM, Mellinghoff IK, Thakur SB. Integration of 2-hydroxyglutarate-proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy into clinical practice for disease monitoring in isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant glioma. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:283-90. [PMID: 26691210 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of WHO grades II and III gliomas harbor a missense mutation in the metabolic gene isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and accumulate the metabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG). Prior studies showed that this metabolite can be detected in vivo using proton magnetic-resonance spectroscopy (MRS), but the sensitivity of this methodology and its clinical implications are unknown. METHODS We developed an MR imaging protocol to integrate 2HG-MRS into routine clinical glioma imaging and examined its performance in 89 consecutive glioma patients. RESULTS Detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in IDH-mutant gliomas was closely linked to tumor volume, with sensitivity ranging from 8% for small tumors (<3.4 mL) to 91% for larger tumors (>8 mL). In patients undergoing 2HG-MRS prior to surgery, tumor levels of 2HG corresponded with tumor cellularity but not with tumor grade or mitotic index. Cytoreductive therapy resulted in a gradual decrease in 2HG levels with kinetics that closely mirrored changes in tumor volume. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that 2HG-MRS can be linked with routine MR imaging to provide quantitative measurements of 2HG in glioma and may be useful as an imaging biomarker to monitor the abundance of IDH-mutant tumor cells noninvasively during glioma therapy and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena I de la Fuente
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Robert J Young
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Jennifer Rubel
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Marc Rosenblum
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Jamie Tisnado
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Samuel Briggs
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Julio Arevalo-Perez
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Justin R Cross
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Carl Campos
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Kimberly Straley
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Dongwei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Chuanhui Dong
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Alissa Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Antonio A Omuro
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Craig P Nolan
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Elena Pentsova
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Thomas J Kaley
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Jung H Oh
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Ralph Noeske
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Elizabeth Maher
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Changho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Philip H Gutin
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Andrei I Holodny
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Katharine Yen
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Lisa M DeAngelis
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
| | - Sunitha B Thakur
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.I.d., S.B., A.T., A.A.O., C.P.N., E.P., T.J.K., L.M.D., I.K.M.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (R.J.Y., J.R., J.T., J.A.-P., A.I.H., S.B.T.); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (M.R.); Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.R.C.); Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (C.C., I.K.M.); Department of Neurosurgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (P.H.G.); Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.H.O., S.B.T.); Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.S., D.Z., K.Y.); Department of Neurology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida (C.D.); Advanced Imaging Research Center, University Of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas (E.M., C.C.); GE Healthcare, Berlin, Germany (R.N.); Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, New York (I.K.M.)
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Lin M, Kumar A, Yang S. Two-dimensional J-resolved LASER and semi-LASER spectroscopy of human brain. Magn Reson Med 2015; 71:911-20. [PMID: 23605818 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Two-dimensional J-resolved localized and semi-localized by adiabatic selective refocusing (LASER and semi-LASER) spectroscopy, named "J-resolved LASER" and "J-resolved semi-LASER", were introduced to suppress chemical shift artifacts, additional J-refocused artifactual peaks from spatially dependent J-coupling evolution, and sensitivity to radiofrequency (RF) field inhomogeneity. METHODS Three pairs of adiabatic pulses were employed for voxel localization in J-resolved LASER and two pairs in J-resolved semi-LASER. The first half of t1 period was inserted between the last pair of adiabatic pulses, which was proposed in this work to obtain two-dimensional adiabatic J-resolved spectra of human brain for the first time. Phantom and human experiments were performed to demonstrate their feasibility and advantages over conventional J-resolved spectroscopy (JPRESS). RESULTS Compared to JPRESS, J-resolved LASER or J-resolved semi-LASER exhibited significant suppression of chemical shift artifacts and additional J-refocused peaks from spatially dependent J-coupling evolution, and demonstrated insensitivity to the change of RF frequency offset over large bandwidth. CONCLUSION Experiments on phantoms and human brains verified the feasibility and strengths of two-dimensional adiabatic J-resolved spectroscopy at 3T. This technique is expected to advance the application of in vivo two-dimensional MR spectroscopy at 3T and higher field strengths for more reliable and accurate quantification of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Breitkreutz DY, Fallone BG, Yahya A. Effect of J coupling on 1.3-ppm lipid methylene signal acquired with localised proton MRS at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:1324-1331. [PMID: 26314546 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of J-coupling interactions on the quantification and T2 determination of 1.3-ppm lipid methylene protons at 3 T. The response of the 1.3-ppm protons of hexanoic, heptanoic, octanoic, linoleic and oleic acid was measured as a function of point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) and stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) TE. In addition, a narrow-bandwidth refocusing PRESS sequence designed to rewind J-coupling evolution of the 1.3-ppm protons was applied to the five fatty acids, to corn oil and to tibial bone marrow of six healthy volunteers. Peak areas were plotted as a function of TE, and data were fitted to monoexponentially decaying functions to determine Mo (the extrapolated area for TE = 0 ms) and T2 values. In phantoms, rewinding J-coupling evolution resulted in 198%, 64%, 44%, 20% and 15% higher T2 values for heptanoic, octanoic, linoleic and oleic acid, and corn oil, respectively, compared with those obtained with standard PRESS. The narrow-bandwidth PRESS sequence also resulted in significant changes in Mo , namely -77%, -22%, 28%, 23% and 28% for heptanoic, octanoic, linoleic and oleic acid, and corn oil, respectively. T2 values obtained with STEAM were closer to the values measured with narrow-bandwidth PRESS. On average, in tibial bone marrow (six volunteers) rewinding J-coupling evolution resulted in 21% ± 3% and 9 % ± 1% higher Mo and T2 values, respectively. This work demonstrates that the consequence of neglecting to consider scalar coupling effects on the quantification of 1.3-ppm lipid methylene protons and their T2 values is not negligible. The linoleic and oleic acid T2 results indicate that T2 measures of lipids with standard MRS techniques are dependent on lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Gino Fallone
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Atiyah Yahya
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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25
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Lin M, Kumar A, Yang S. Two-dimensional semi-LASER correlation spectroscopy with well-maintained cross peaks. Magn Reson Med 2013; 72:26-32. [PMID: 24123233 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate that the limited bandwidth of the second 90° radiofrequency (RF) pulse in two-dimensional (2D) localized correlation spectroscopy (L-COSY) induces spatially dependent magnetization transfer that results in attenuated cross-peaks, and to propose a new 2D semi-adiabatically localized COSY sequence to solve this problem. METHODS AND THEORY A semi-localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (semi-LASER or sLASER) method was incorporated into the COSY sequence with the slice-selective first 90° RF pulse and the non-slice-selective second 90° RF pulse to form a new 2D sLASER localized COSY sequence, named "sLASER-first-COSY," to solve the problem of spatially dependent magnetization transfer. Experiments were performed to verify the feasibility and advantages of sLASER-first-COSY sequence over a recently reported other sLASER COSY sequence with a slice-selective second 90° RF pulse, named "sLASER-last-COSY". RESULTS Phantom, ex vivo, and in vivo human brain experiments demonstrated that sLASER-first-COSY yielded stronger cross peaks and higher ratios of cross peak volumes to diagonal peak volumes than sLASER-last-COSY. CONCLUSION As COSY relies on the cross peaks to obtain larger dispersion of peaks for quantification, the new sLASER-first-COSY sequence yielding well-maintained cross peaks will facilitate more reliable and accurate quantification of metabolites with coupled spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijin Lin
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Choi C, Ganji S, Hulsey K, Madan A, Kovacs Z, Dimitrov I, Zhang S, Pichumani K, Mendelsohn D, Mickey B, Malloy C, Bachoo R, DeBerardinis R, Maher E. A comparative study of short- and long-TE ¹H MRS at 3 T for in vivo detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate in brain tumors. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:1242-50. [PMID: 23592268 PMCID: PMC3733061 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
2-Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is produced in gliomas with mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2. The (1) H resonances of the J-coupled spins of 2HG are extensively overlapped with signals from other metabolites. Here, we report a comparative study at 3 T of the utility of the point-resolved spectroscopy sequence with a standard short TE (35 ms) and a long TE (97 ms), which had been theoretically designed for the detection of the 2HG 2.25-ppm resonance. The performance of the methods is evaluated using data from phantoms, seven healthy volunteers and 22 subjects with IDH-mutated gliomas. The results indicate that TE = 97 ms provides higher detectability of 2HG than TE = 35 ms, and that this improved capability is gained when data are analyzed with basis spectra that include the effects of the volume localizing radiofrequency and gradient pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changho Choi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Correspondence to: Changho Choi, PhD, Phone: 214-645-2805, FAX: 214-645-2885,
| | - Sandeep Ganji
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Keith Hulsey
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Akshay Madan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zoltan Kovacs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ivan Dimitrov
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Philips Medical Systems, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kumar Pichumani
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dianne Mendelsohn
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Bruce Mickey
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Craig Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Bachoo
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ralph DeBerardinis
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Maher
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Prescot AP, Richards T, Dager SR, Choi C, Renshaw PF. Phase-adjusted echo time (PATE)-averaging 1 H MRS: application for improved glutamine quantification at 2.89 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:1245-52. [PMID: 22407923 PMCID: PMC4657444 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
(1) H MRS investigations have reported altered glutamatergic neurotransmission in a variety of psychiatric disorders. The unraveling of glutamate from glutamine resonances is crucial for the interpretation of these observations, although this remains a challenge at clinical static magnetic field strengths. Glutamate resolution can be improved through an approach known as echo time (TE) averaging, which involves the acquisition and subsequent averaging of multiple TE steps. The process of TE averaging retains the central component of the glutamate methylene multiplet at 2.35 ppm, with the simultaneous attenuation of overlapping phase-modulated coupled resonances of glutamine and N-acetylaspartate. We have developed a novel post-processing approach, termed phase-adjusted echo time (PATE) averaging, for the retrieval of glutamine signals from a TE-averaged (1) H MRS dataset. The method works by the application of an optimal TE-specific phase term, which is derived from spectral simulation, prior to averaging over TE space. The simulation procedures and preliminary in vivo spectra acquired from the human frontal lobe at 2.89 T are presented. Three metabolite normalization schemes were developed to evaluate the frontal lobe test-retest reliability for glutamine measurement in six subjects, and the resulting values were comparable with previous reports for within-subject (9-14%) and inter-subject (14-20%) measures. Using the acquisition parameters and TE range described, glutamine quantification is possible in approximately 10 min. The post-processing methods described can also be applied retrospectively to extract glutamine and glutamate levels from previously acquired TE-averaged (1) H MRS datasets.
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Kim H, Thompson RB, Allen PS. Enhancement of spectral editing efficacy of multiple quantum filters in in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2012; 223:90-97. [PMID: 22975239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The performance of multiple quantum filters (MQFs) can be disappointing when the background signal also arises from coupled spins. Moreover, at 3.0 T and even higher fields the majority of the spin systems of key brain metabolites fall into the strong-coupling regime. In this manuscript we address comprehensively, the importance of the phase of the multiple quantum coherence-generating pulse (MQ-pulse) in the design of MQFs, using both product operator and numerical analysis, in both zero and double quantum filter designs. The theoretical analyses were experimentally validated with the examples of myo-inositol editing and the separation of glutamate from glutamine. The results demonstrate that the phase of the MQ-pulse per se provides an additional spectral discrimination mechanism based on the degree of coupling beyond the conventional level-of-coherence approach of MQFs. To obtain the best spectral discrimination of strongly-coupled spin systems, therefore, the phase of the MQ-pulse must be included in the portfolio of the sequence parameters to be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Snyder J, Haas M, Dragonu I, Hennig J, Zaitsev M. Three-dimensional arbitrary voxel shapes in spectroscopy with submillisecond TEs. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:1000-1006. [PMID: 22290622 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel spectroscopic method for submillisecond TEs and three-dimensional arbitrarily shaped voxels was developed and applied to phantom and in vivo measurements, with additional parallel excitation (PEX) implementation. A segmented spherical shell excitation trajectory was used in combination with appropriate radiofrequency weights for target selection in three dimensions. Measurements in a two-compartment phantom realized a TE of 955 µs, excellent spectral quality and comparable signal-to-noise ratios between accelerated (R = 2) and nonaccelerated modes. The two-compartment model allowed a comparison of the spectral suppression qualities of the method and, although outer volume signals were suppressed by factors of 1434 and 2246 compared with the theoretical unsuppressed case for the clinical and PEX modes, respectively, incomplete suppression of the outer volume (935 cm(3) compared with a target volume of 5.86 cm(3) ) resulted in a spectral contamination of 10.2% and 6.5% compared with the total signal. The method was also demonstrated in vivo in human brain on a clinical system at TE = 935 µs with good signal-to-noise ratio and spatial and spectral selection, and included LCModel relative quantification analysis. Eight metabolites showed significant fitting accuracy, including aspartate, N-acetylaspartylglutamate, glutathione and glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Snyder
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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30
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Choi C, Ganji SK, DeBerardinis RJ, Hatanpaa KJ, Rakheja D, Kovacs Z, Yang XL, Mashimo T, Raisanen JM, Marin-Valencia I, Pascual JM, Madden CJ, Mickey BE, Malloy CR, Bachoo RM, Maher EA. 2-hydroxyglutarate detection by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in IDH-mutated patients with gliomas. Nat Med 2012; 18:624-9. [PMID: 22281806 PMCID: PMC3615719 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 594] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1, 2) have been demonstrated in the majority of World Health Organization grade 2 and grade 3 gliomas in adults. These mutations are associated with the accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) within the tumor. Here we report the noninvasive detection of 2HG by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The pulse sequence was developed and optimized with numerical and phantom analyses for 2HG detection. The concentrations of 2HG were estimated using spectral fitting in the tumors of 30 patients. Detection of 2HG correlated with mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 and with increased levels of D-2HG by mass spectrometry of resected tumor. Noninvasive detection of 2HG may prove to be a valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changho Choi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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31
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Boer VO, van Lier ALHMW, Hoogduin JM, Wijnen JP, Luijten PR, Klomp DWJ. 7-T (1) H MRS with adiabatic refocusing at short TE using radiofrequency focusing with a dual-channel volume transmit coil. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:1038-1046. [PMID: 21294206 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In vivo MRS of the human brain at ultrahigh field allows for the identification of a large number of metabolites at higher spatial resolutions than currently possible in clinical practice. However, the in vivo localization of single-voxel spectroscopy has been shown to be challenging at ultrahigh field because of the low bandwidth of refocusing radiofrequency (RF) pulses. Thus far, the proposed methods for localized MRS at 7 T suffer from long TE, inherent signal loss and/or a large chemical shift displacement artifact that causes a spatial displacement between resonances, and results in a decreased efficiency in editing sequences. In this work, we show that, by driving a standard volume coil with two RF amplifiers, focusing the B 1+ field in a certain location and using high-bandwidth adiabatic refocusing pulses, a semi-LASER (semi-localized by adiabatic selective refocusing) localization is feasible at short TE in the human brain with full signal acquisition and a low chemical shift displacement artifact at 7 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- V O Boer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
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32
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Yahya A, Tessier AG, Fallone BG. Effect of J-coupling on lipid composition determination with localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34:1388-96. [PMID: 21953706 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate, at 9.4 T, that J-coupling interactions exhibited by lipid protons affects lipid composition determination with a point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments were conducted on four oils (almond, corn, sesame, and sunflower), on visceral adipose tissue of a euthanized mouse, and on pure linoleic acid at 9.4 T. The 2.1, 2.3, and 2.8 ppm resonances were measured at multiple echo times (TEs) by a standard PRESS sequence and by a PRESS sequence consisting of narrow-bandwidth refocusing pulses designed to rewind the J-coupling evolution of the target peak protons in the voxel of interest. T(2) corrections were performed on both groups of data for the three peaks and lipid compositions for the oils and for the mouse tissue were determined. Lipid compositions were also calculated from a short-TE standard PRESS spectrum. RESULTS A chemical analysis of the samples was not performed; however, the oil compositions calculated from resonance peaks acquired with the PRESS sequence designed to minimize J-coupling effects, following T(2) relaxation correction, closely agreed with values in the literature, which was not the case for all of the compositions determined from the regular PRESS spectra. CONCLUSION The presented work brings to attention the significance of J-coupling effects when calculating lipid compositions from localized proton spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyah Yahya
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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33
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Usman U, Choi C, Camicioli R, Seres P, Lynch M, Sekhon R, Johnston W, Kalra S. Mesial prefrontal cortex degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a high-field proton MR spectroscopy study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:1677-80. [PMID: 21778247 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Frontotemporal lobar degeneration is responsible for the cognitive abnormalities seen in patients with ALS. We sought to evaluate the in vivo neurochemical changes associated with this pathology indicative of neuronal loss and gliosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with ALS (2 with ALS-FTD) and 15 healthy controls were studied. High-field proton MR spectroscopy of the mesial prefrontal cortex was used to determine concentrations of NAA and mIns, markers of neuronal integrity and gliosis, respectively. Metabolite concentrations were correlated with cognitive tests (verbal fluency, ACE). RESULTS NAA/mIns was decreased 17% (P =.002). Abnormalities were present to a lesser degree in the individual metabolites NAA (decreased 9%; P =.08) and mIns (increased 11%; P =.06) than the ratio of the 2 metabolites. These measures did not correlate significantly with verbal fluency or the ACE. CONCLUSIONS Prefrontal lobe degeneration exists in patients with ALS as indicated by an abnormal mesial prefrontal cortex neurochemical profile. Further study is necessary to determine the potential utility of the NAA/mIns ratio as a biomarker for frontal lobe degeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Usman
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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34
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Snyder J, Haas M, Hennig J, Zaitsev M. Selective excitation of two-dimensional arbitrarily shaped voxels with parallel excitation in spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2011; 67:300-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Stephenson MC, Gunner F, Napolitano A, Greenhaff PL, MacDonald IA, Saeed N, Vennart W, Francis ST, Morris PG. Applications of multi-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7T. World J Radiol 2011; 3:105-13. [PMID: 21532871 PMCID: PMC3084434 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v3.i4.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To discuss the advantages of ultra-high field (7T) for 1H and 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of metabolism.
METHODS: Measurements of brain metabolites were made at both 3 and 7T using 1H MRS. Measurements of glycogen and lipids in muscle were measured using 13C and 1H MRS respectively.
RESULTS: In the brain, increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dispersion allows spectral separation of the amino-acids glutamate, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), without the need for sophisticated editing sequences. Improved quantification of these metabolites is demonstrated at 7T relative to 3T. SNR was 36% higher, and measurement repeatability (% coefficients of variation) was 4%, 10% and 10% at 7T, vs 8%, 29% and 21% at 3T for glutamate, glutamine and GABA respectively. Measurements at 7T were used to compare metabolite levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insula. Creatine and glutamate levels were found to be significantly higher in the insula compared to the ACC (P < 0.05). In muscle, the increased SNR and spectral resolution at 7T enables interleaved studies of glycogen (13C) and intra-myocellular lipid (IMCL) and extra-myocellular lipid (EMCL) (1H) following exercise and re-feeding. Glycogen levels were significantly decreased following exercise (-28% at 50% VO2 max; -58% at 75% VO2 max). Interestingly, levels of glycogen in the hamstrings followed those in the quadriceps, despite reduce exercise loading. No changes in IMCL and EMCL were found in the study.
CONCLUSION: The demonstrated improvements in brain and muscle MRS measurements at 7T will increase the potential for use in investigating human metabolism and changes due to pathologies.
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36
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Edden RAE, Barker PB. If J doesn't evolve, it won't J-resolve: J-PRESS with bandwidth-limited refocusing pulses. Magn Reson Med 2011; 65:1509-14. [PMID: 21590799 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the J-PRESS technique, an in vivo implementation of two-dimensional J-spectroscopy combined with PRESS localization, for high-field spectroscopy studies of the human brain. The experiment is designed to resolve scalar couplings in the second, indirectly detected dimension, but will only do so if the slice-selective refocusing pulses in the PRESS sequence affect all coupled spins equally. At high magnet field strengths, due to limited RF pulse bandwidth, PRESS-based localization results in spatially dependent evolution of coupling. In some regions of the localized volume, coupling evolves during the PRESS echo time, while in other regions it may be partially or fully refocused. This study investigates the impact of this effect on the appearance of the J-PRESS spectrum for coupled spins, focusing on two commonly observed metabolites, lactate and N-acetyl aspartate, showing that such behavior results in additional peaks in the J-resolved spectrum (termed J-refocused peaks). It is also demonstrated that increasing the bandwidth of refocusing pulses significantly reduces the size of such signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA.
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37
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Choi C, Dimitrov IE, Douglas D, Patel A, Kaiser LG, Amezcua CA, Maher EA. Improvement of resolution for brain coupled metabolites by optimized (1)H MRS at 7T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2010; 23:1044-1052. [PMID: 20963800 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Resolution enhancement for glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln) and glutathione (GSH) in the human brain by TE-optimized point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) at 7 T is reported. Sub-TE dependences of the multiplets of Glu, Gln, GSH, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) at 2.2-2.6 ppm were investigated with density matrix simulations, incorporating three-dimensional volume localization. The numerical simulations indicated that the C4-proton multiplets can be completely separated with (TE(1), TE(2)) = (37, 63) ms, as a result of a narrowing of the multiplets and suppression of the NAA 2.5 ppm signal. Phantom experiments reproduced the signal yield and lineshape from simulations within experimental errors. In vivo tests of optimized PRESS were conducted on the prefrontal cortex of six healthy volunteers. In spectral fitting by LCModel, Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) of Glu, Gln and GSH were 2 ± 1, 5 ± 1 and 6 ± 2 (mean ± SD), respectively. To evaluate the performance of the optimized PRESS method under identical experimental conditions, stimulated-echo spectra were acquired with (TE, TM) = (14, 37) and (74, 68) ms. The CRLB of Glu was similar between PRESS and short-TE stimulated-echo acquisition mode (STEAM), but the CRLBs of Gln and GSH were lower in PRESS than in both STEAM acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changho Choi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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38
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Chassain C, Bielicki G, Keller C, Renou JP, Durif F. Metabolic changes detected in vivo by 1H MRS in the MPTP-intoxicated mouse. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2010; 23:547-553. [PMID: 20661872 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We used in vivo proton ((1)H) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) to measure the levels of the main excitatory amino acid, glutamate (Glu) and also glutamine (Gln) and GABA in the striatum and cerebral cortex in the MPTP-intoxicated mouse, a model of dopaminergic denervation, before and after dopamine (DA) replacement. The study was performed at 9.4T on control mice (n = 8) and MPTP-intoxicated mice (n = 8). In vivo spectra were acquired in a voxel (8 microL) centered in the striatum, and in the cortex (4.6 microL). Three days after basal MRS acquisitions new spectra were acquired in the striatum and cortex, after levodopa (200 mg.kg(-1)). Glu, Gln and GABA concentrations obtained in the basal state were significantly increased in the striatum of MPTP-lesioned mice (Glu: 20.2 +/- 0.8 vs 11.4 +/- 0.9 mM, p < 0.001; Gln: 5.4 +/- 1.6 vs 2.0 +/- 0.6 mM, p < 0.05; GABA: 3.6 +/- 0.8 vs 1.6 +/- 0.2 mM, p < 0.05). Levodopa lowered metabolites concentrations in the striatum of MPTP-lesioned mice (Glu: 20.2 +/- 0.8 vs 11.2 +/- 0.4 mM (+ Ldopa), p < 0.001; Gln: 5.4 +/- 1.6 vs 1.6 +/- 0.4 mM (+ Ldopa), p < 0.05; GABA: 3.6 +/- 0.8 vs 1.7 +/- 0.4 mM (+ Ldopa), p < 0.01). Metabolite levels in the striatum of MPTP-intoxicated mice + levodopa were not significantly different from those in the striatum of controls. No change was found in the cortex after DA denervation and after DA replacement between the two animals groups. These results strongly support a predominant change in striatal Glu synaptic activity in the cortico-striatal pathway. Acute levodopa administration reverses the increase of metabolites in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Chassain
- University Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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39
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Kickler N, Gambarota G, Mekle R, Gruetter R, Mulkern R. Echo-time independent signal modulations for strongly coupled systems in triple echo localization schemes: an extension of S-PRESS editing. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2010; 203:108-112. [PMID: 20042355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2009] [Revised: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The double spin-echo point resolved spectroscopy sequence (PRESS) is a widely used method and standard in clinical MR spectroscopy. Existence of important J-modulations at constant echo times, depending on the temporal delays between the rf-pulses, have been demonstrated recently for strongly coupled spin systems and were exploited for difference editing, removing singlets from the spectrum (strong-coupling PRESS, S-PRESS). A drawback of this method for in vivo applications is that large signal modulations needed for difference editing occur only at relatively long echo times. In this work we demonstrate that, by simply adding a third refocusing pulse (3S-PRESS), difference editing becomes possible at substantially shorter echo times while, as applied to citrate, more favorable lineshapes can be obtained. For the example of an AB system an analytical description of the MR signal, obtained with this triple refocusing sequence (3S-PRESS), is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kickler
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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40
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Snyder J, Wilman A. Field strength dependence of PRESS timings for simultaneous detection of glutamate and glutamine from 1.5 to 7T. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2010; 203:66-72. [PMID: 20031459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An optimization of the PRESS sequence for magnetic resonance spectroscopy is presented to simultaneously detect the important brain metabolites of glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) at field strengths of 1.5, 3, 4.7, and 7T. Standard, clinical examinations typically use short echo times which in general are not ideal for the separation of Glu and Gln. The optimization procedure is based on numerical product operator simulations to produce yield and overlap measurements for all possible practical choices of PRESS inter-echo timings. The simulations illustrate the substantial modulations in Glu and Gln with field strength. At all field strengths, the optimized timings demonstrate a significant reduction in overlap compared to short echo PRESS, while maintaining a high metabolite signal, with Glu and Gln yields >90% when excluding T2 relaxation losses. Minimal overlap was attained at 7T (0.3% Gln contamination in the Glu signal), and 4.7T (1.2%). The optimized timings were applied in vivo on healthy volunteers at field strengths of 1.5 and 4.7T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Snyder
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta, Canada.
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41
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McLean MA, Priest AN, Joubert I, Lomas DJ, Kataoka MY, Earl H, Crawford R, Brenton JD, Griffiths JR, Sala E. Metabolic characterization of primary and metastatic ovarian cancer by 1H-MRS in vivo at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2010; 62:855-61. [PMID: 19645005 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
(1)H-MRS was performed on 12 women (age range 45-72) with ovarian cancer of FIGO stage 3 or above using a 3T MRI system with an 8-channel cardiac receive coil. Respiratory-triggered PRESS-localized spectra (TE = 144 ms) were obtained separately from an ovarian mass and from metastatic disease. Peak areas were quantified relative to unsuppressed water using LCModel and spectra were discarded if LCModel reported signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) < 3 or if no metabolites were reported with standard deviation (SD) < 30%. The cystic fraction of each voxel was estimated by thresholding T(2)-weighted images, and this was used both to correct the reported metabolite concentrations and to calculate an expected SNR of choline using the measured SNR of water. Choline was detected in 10/12 primary tumors and 5/11 metastatic lesions (range 2.0-16.6 mM). Of the 8/23 failures, 7 had a predicted choline SNR < 2, confirming that the failure to detect choline could be explained by technical problems. Glycine was observed in one benign lesion. (1)H-MRS can be used to quantify choline in primary and metastatic masses in ovarian cancer, but the moderately high rate of failure to detect choline necessitates careful recording of data quality parameters to discriminate true from false negatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A McLean
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK.
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42
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Snyder J, Thompson RB, Wilman AH. Difference spectroscopy using PRESS asymmetry: application to glutamate, glutamine, and myo-inositol. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2010; 23:41-47. [PMID: 19688783 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A simple, clinically viable technique utilizing PRESS and strong coupling properties is presented for discrimination of coupled brain metabolites. The method relies on signal variation due to alteration of inter-echo timings (PRESS asymmetry) while maintaining a constant total echo time. Spin response of singlets and weakly coupled spins is unchanged due to PRESS asymmetry, allowing difference spectroscopy to detect unobstructed strongly coupled resonances. No changes to the standard PRESS sequence are required except variation of inter-echo timings. The procedure is illustrated for the separate detection of glutamate from glutamine and the detection of myo-inositol in simulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments at 4.7 T. The subtraction yields calculated from the simulation were 53% for glutamate and 75% for myo-inositol, and a resultant contribution of 96% glutamate to the total glutamate/glutamine multiplet in the 2.04-2.14 ppm range. To extend the treatment to other field strengths and metabolites, an analytical approximation based on a strongly coupled AB system was used to model individual spin groups. Subtraction spectroscopy yields for different combinations of coupling parameters were calculated for the detection of various strongly coupled metabolites at common clinical field strengths. The approximation also predicts adequate glutamate/glutamine discrimination at 3.0 T using the difference spectroscopy method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Snyder
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Snyder J, Hanstock CC, Wilman AH. Spectral editing of weakly coupled spins using variable flip angles in PRESS constant echo time difference spectroscopy: application to GABA. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2009; 200:245-250. [PMID: 19648038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A general in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy editing technique is presented to detect weakly coupled spin systems through subtraction, while preserving singlets through addition, and is applied to the specific brain metabolite gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at 4.7 T. The new method uses double spin echo localization (PRESS) and is based on a constant echo time difference spectroscopy approach employing subtraction of two asymmetric echo timings, which is normally only applicable to strongly coupled spin systems. By utilizing flip angle reduction of one of the two refocusing pulses in the PRESS sequence, we demonstrate that this difference method may be extended to weakly coupled systems, thereby providing a very simple yet effective editing process. The difference method is first illustrated analytically using a simple two spin weakly coupled spin system. The technique was then demonstrated for the 3.01 ppm resonance of GABA, which is obscured by the strong singlet peak of creatine in vivo. Full numerical simulations, as well as phantom and in vivo experiments were performed. The difference method used two asymmetric PRESS timings with a constant total echo time of 131 ms and a reduced 120 degrees final pulse, providing 25% GABA yield upon subtraction compared to two short echo standard PRESS experiments. Phantom and in vivo results from human brain demonstrate efficacy of this method in agreement with numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Snyder
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Abstract
Optimized myo-inositol (mI) detection is important for diagnosing and monitoring a multitude of pathological conditions of the brain. Simulations are presented in this work, performed to decide which pulse sequence has the most significant advantage in terms of improving repeatability and accuracy of mI measurements at 3T over the pulse sequence used typically in the clinic, a TE = 35 ms PRESS sequence. Five classes of pulse sequences, four previously suggested for optimized mI detection (a short TE PRESS, a Carr-Purcell PRESS sequence, an optimized STEAM sequence, an optimized zero quantum filter), and one optimized for mI detection in this work (a single quantum filter) were compared to a standard, TE = 35 ms pulse sequence. While limiting the SNR of an acquisition to the equivalent SNR of a spectrum acquired in 5 min from an 8 cc voxel, it was found through simulations that the most repeatable mI measurements would be obtained with a Carr-Purcell sequence. This sequence was implemented in a clinical scanner, and improved mI measurements were demonstrated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Hancu
- GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York 12309, USA.
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Kaiser LG, Young K, Matson GB. Numerical simulations of localized high field 1H MR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2008; 195:67-75. [PMID: 18789736 PMCID: PMC2585774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The limited bandwidths of volume selective RF pulses in localized in vivo MRS experiments introduce spatial artifacts that complicate spectral quantification of J-coupled metabolites. These effects are commonly referred to as a spatial interference or "four compartment" artifacts and are more pronounced at higher field strengths. The main focus of this study is to develop a generalized approach to numerical simulations that combines full density matrix calculations with 3D localization to investigate the spatial artifacts and to provide accurate prior knowledge for spectral fitting. Full density matrix calculations with 3D localization using experimental pulses were carried out for PRESS (TE=20, 70 ms), STEAM (TE=20, 70 ms) and LASER (TE=70 ms) pulse sequences and compared to non-localized simulations and to phantom solution data at 4 T. Additional simulations at 1.5 and 7 T were carried out for STEAM and PRESS (TE=20 ms). Four brain metabolites that represented a range from weak to strong J-coupling networks were included in the simulations (lactate, N-acetylaspartate, glutamate and myo-inositol). For longer TE, full 3D localization was necessary to achieve agreement between the simulations and phantom solution spectra for the majority of cases in all pulse sequence simulations. For short echo time (TE=20 ms), ideal pulses without localizing gradients gave results that were in agreement with phantom results at 4 T for STEAM, but not for PRESS (TE=20). Numerical simulations that incorporate volume localization using experimental RF pulses are shown to be a powerful tool for generation of accurate metabolic basis sets for spectral fitting and for optimization of experimental parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana G Kaiser
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA 97121, USA.
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Snyder J, Thompson RB, Wild JM, Wilman AH. Strongly coupled versus uncoupled spin response to radio frequency interference effects: application to glutamate and glutamine in spectroscopic imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2008; 21:402-409. [PMID: 17918776 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that comparable radio frequency (RF) wavelengths and human head dimensions at high fields can lead to an inhomogeneous RF field when using standard RF transmission. However, the impact of RF inhomogeneity on potential differences in quantification between coupled and uncoupled spins at longer echo times has not been investigated thoroughly. The consequence of this RF interference on metabolite quantification in spectroscopic imaging at 4.7 T was investigated for the strongly coupled spin systems of glutamate and glutamine at an echo time of 120 ms, and compared with the singlet response of choline. These effects were studied using a single-voxel PRESS sequence (alpha-2alpha-2alpha) with varying flip angle (alpha) from 90 degrees to 65 degrees in simulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments. Phantom metabolite yield decreased to 57% for choline and 27% for glutamate/glutamine in agreement with the simulations. Even a minor reduction from alpha = 85 degrees to 80 degrees produced a large difference between coupled and uncoupled yields, with a reduction of 7% for choline and 17% for glutamate/glutamine. Anecdotal in vivo spectroscopic imaging studies show similar trends, with large differences between choline and glutamate/glutamine yield over a small, 2.2 cm, region. These results demonstrate severe effects on metabolite yield due to RF variation between strongly coupled and uncoupled spin systems at long echo time, which complicates metabolite quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Snyder
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Yang S, Hu J, Kou Z, Yang Y. Spectral simplification for resolved glutamate and glutamine measurement using a standard STEAM sequence with optimized timing parameters at 3, 4, 4.7, 7, and 9.4T. Magn Reson Med 2008; 59:236-44. [PMID: 18228589 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The C4 multiplet proton resonances of glutamate (Glu) around 2.35 ppm and glutamine (Gln) around 2.45 ppm usually overlap in MR spectra, particularly at low- and mid-field strengths (1.5-4.7T). A spectral simplification approach is introduced that provides unobstructed Glu and Gln measurement using a standard STEAM localization sequence with optimized interpulse timings. The underlying idea is to exploit the dependence of response of a coupled spin system on the echo time (TE) and mixing time (TM) to find an optimum timing set (TE, TM), at which the outer-wings of C4 "pseudo-triplet" proton resonances of Glu and Gln are significantly suppressed while the central peaks are maintained. The spectral overlap is thus resolved as the overlap exists exclusively at the outer-wings and the central peaks are readily separated due to the approximate 0.1-ppm difference in chemical shift. Density matrix simulation for Glu, Gln, and other overlapping metabolites at 2.3-2.5 ppm was conducted to predict the optimum timing sets. The simulated, phantom, and in vivo results demonstrated that the C4 multiplet proton resonances of Glu and Gln can be resolved for unobstructed detection at 3T, 4T, and 4.7T. For simplicity, only simulated data are illustrated at 7T and 9.4T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 5500 Nathan Shock Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Kuhl CK, Träber F, Gieseke J, Drahanowsky W, Morakkabati-Spitz N, Willinek W, von Falkenhausen M, Manka C, Schild HH. Whole-Body High-Field-Strength (3.0-T) MR Imaging in Clinical Practice
Part II. Technical Considerations and Clinical Applications. Radiology 2008; 247:16-35. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2471061828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kaiser LG, Young K, Meyerhoff DJ, Mueller SG, Matson GB. A detailed analysis of localized J-difference GABA editing: theoretical and experimental study at 4 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2008; 21:22-32. [PMID: 17377933 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The problem of low signal-to-noise ratio for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in vivo is exacerbated by inefficient detection schemes and non-optimal experimental parameters. To analyze the mechanisms for GABA signal loss of a MEGA-PRESS J-difference sequence at 4 T, numerical simulations were performed ranging from ideal to realistic experimental implementation, including volume selection and experimental radio frequency (RF) pulse shapes with a macromolecular minimization scheme. The simulations were found to be in good agreement with phantom and in vivo data from human brain. The overall GABA signal intensity for the simulations with realistic conditions for the MEGA-PRESS difference spectrum was calculated to be almost half of the signal simulated under ideal conditions (~43% signal loss). In contrast, creatine was reduced significantly less then GABA (~19% signal loss). The 'four-compartment' distribution due to J-coupling in the PRESS-based localization was one of the most significant sources of GABA signal loss, in addition to imperfect RF profiles for volume selection and editing. An alternative strategy that reduces signal loss due to the four-compartment distribution is suggested. In summary, a detailed analysis of J-difference editing is provided with estimates of the relative amounts of GABA signal losses due to various mechanisms. The numerical simulations presented in this study should facilitate both implementation of the more efficient acquisition and quantification process of J-coupled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Kaiser
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Hu J, Yang S, Xuan Y, Jiang Q, Yang Y, Haacke EM. Simultaneous detection of resolved glutamate, glutamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid at 4 T. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2007; 185:204-13. [PMID: 17223596 PMCID: PMC1995429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2006.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A new approach is introduced to simultaneously detect resolved glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) using a standard STEAM localization pulse sequence with the optimized sequence timing parameters. This approach exploits the dependence of the STEAM spectra of the strongly coupled spin systems of Glu, Gln, and GABA on the echo time TE and the mixing time TM at 4 T to find an optimized sequence parameter set, i.e., {TE, TM}, where the outer-wings of the Glu C4 multiplet resonances around 2.35 ppm, the Gln C4 multiplet resonances around 2.45 ppm, and the GABA C2 multiplet resonance around 2.28 ppm are significantly suppressed and the three resonances become virtual singlets simultaneously and thus resolved. Spectral simulation and optimization were conducted to find the optimized sequence parameters, and phantom and in vivo experiments (on normal human brains, one patient with traumatic brain injury, and one patient with brain tumor) were carried out for verification. The results have demonstrated that the Gln, Glu, and GABA signals at 2.2-2.5 ppm can be well resolved using a standard STEAM sequence with the optimized sequence timing parameters around {82 ms,48 ms} at 4 T, while the other main metabolites, such as N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (tCho), and creatine (tCr), are still preserved in the same spectrum. The technique can be easily implemented and should prove to be a useful tool for the basic and clinical studies associated with metabolism of Glu, Gln, and/or GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, and Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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