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Thompson GB, Gilchrist AE, Lam VM, Nunes AC, Payan BA, Mora-Boza A, Serrano JF, García AJ, Harley BAC. Gelatin maleimide microgels for hematopoietic progenitor cell encapsulation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:2124-2135. [PMID: 38894666 PMCID: PMC11464195 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the apical cells of the hematopoietic system, giving rise to cells of the blood and lymph lineages. HSCs reside primarily within bone marrow niches that contain matrix and cell-derived signals that help inform stem cell fate. Aspects of the bone marrow microenvironment have been captured in vitro by encapsulating cells within hydrogel matrices that mimic native mechanical and biochemical properties. Hydrogel microparticles, or microgels, are increasingly being used to assemble granular biomaterials for cell culture and noninvasive delivery applications. Here, we report the optimization of a gelatin maleimide hydrogel system to create monodisperse gelatin microgels via a flow-focusing microfluidic process. We report characteristic hydrogel stiffness, stability, and swelling characteristics as well as encapsulation of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stem cells within microgels. Microgels support cell viability, confirming compatibility of the microfluidic encapsulation process with these sensitive bone marrow cell populations. Overall, this work presents a microgel-based gelatin maleimide hydrogel as a foundation for future development of a multicellular artificial bone marrow culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar B Thompson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Aidan E Gilchrist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Vincent M Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Alison C Nunes
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Brittany A Payan
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ana Mora-Boza
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julio F Serrano
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- George Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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2
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Yang H, Javed K, Li X, Zou Y, Dai X, He H, Qiao X, Tao G. Development of structure-tailored and composite magnetic-fluorescent microspheres through the PRI method. iScience 2024; 27:110407. [PMID: 39081287 PMCID: PMC11284680 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional micro- and nanoparticles have found their applications in fields like medicine, display materials, cosmetics, and so on. Advances in these fields have been demonstrated to need scalable uniformly sized, mass-produced, and structured spherical particles. In this work, we proposed structure-tailored and multifunctional composite polymeric microspheres with tunable diameter size, by using a versatile and scalable in-fiber particle fabrication through the Plateau-Rayleigh capillary instability method. The results show that the characteristic shapes of the luminescence spectra of CsPbBr3 remained similar before and after embedding in the microspheres. The luminescence intensity was stabilized at 85-90% of their original photoluminescence intensities over an extended period. Moreover, the photoluminescence lifetime of the fluorescent microspheres was increased by 9.03% compared to CsPbBr3. The X-ray diffraction results revealed that there was no change in the crystal structure of the dopants before and after the encapsulation. Also, precise magnetic manipulation of Janus microspheres was successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochuan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Khalid Javed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Yuqi Zou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xingliang Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Haiping He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Xvsheng Qiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Guangming Tao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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3
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Cheng S, Huang C, Chen W, Zhang P. Directional Superspreading of Water Droplets on Grooved Hydrogel Surfaces for Open Microfluidic Platforms. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300221. [PMID: 37254259 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Directional liquid spreading has an irreplaceable role in applications such as microfluidic devices, disposable biosensors, and point-of-care diagnostics. However, how to achieve directional, rapid, and complete spreading (i.e., superspreading) of liquids without external energy input is a great challenge. Herein, inspired by the peristome surface of Nepenthes pitcher, the directional superspreading of water droplets on hydrogel surfaces with predesigned microchannels by using the synergistic effect of the liquid-like property of hydrogels and the guidance of anisotropic microstructures is reported. Compared with the smooth ones, hydrogel surfaces with isotropic microstructures can facilitate the superspreading of water droplets, which can be realized within 500 ms in the absence of external forces. Furthermore, directional superspreading and the flow of water droplets are realized under the guidance of anisotropic microgrooves. Such a unique spreading behavior can also be observed on the hydrogel surfaces with various shaped microchannels, such as periodic, bent, shunted, divergent, and confluent morphologies, which have potential for the development of open microfluidic platforms for various healthcare-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Cheng
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone, 441000, Xiangyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone, 441000, Xiangyang, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone, 441000, Xiangyang, China
| | - Pengchao Zhang
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone, 441000, Xiangyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, 572024, Sanya, China
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4
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Li L, Lei T, Xing C, Du H. Advances in microfluidic chips targeting toxic aggregation proteins for neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128308. [PMID: 37992921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by nervous system damage, often influenced by genetic and aging factors. Pathological analysis frequently reveals the presence of aggregated toxic proteins. The intricate and poorly understood origins of these diseases have hindered progress in early diagnosis and drug development. The development of novel in-vitro and in-vivo models could enhance our comprehension of ND mechanisms and facilitate clinical treatment advancements. Microfluidic chips are employed to establish three-dimensional culture conditions, replicating the human ecological niche and creating a microenvironment conducive to neuronal cell survival. The incorporation of mechatronic controls unifies the chip, cells, and culture medium optimizing living conditions for the cells. This study provides a comprehensive overview of microfluidic chip applications in drug and biomarker screening for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Our Lab-on-a-Chip system releases toxic proteins to simulate the pathological characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases, encompassing β-amyloid, α-synuclein, huntingtin, TAR DNA-binding protein 43, and Myelin Basic Protein. Investigating molecular and cellular interactions in vitro can enhance our understanding of disease mechanisms while minimizing harmful protein levels and can aid in screening potential therapeutic agents. We anticipate that our research will promote the utilization of microfluidic chips in both fundamental research and clinical applications for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tong Lei
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cencan Xing
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hongwu Du
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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5
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Rubio-Lara JA, Igarashi KJ, Sood S, Johansson A, Sommerkamp P, Yamashita M, Lin DS. Expanding hematopoietic stem cell ex vivo: recent advances and technical considerations. Exp Hematol 2023; 125-126:6-15. [PMID: 37543237 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the most primitive cell type in the hematopoietic hierarchy, which are responsible for sustaining the lifelong production of mature blood and immune cells. Due to their superior long-term regenerative capacity, HSC therapies such as stem cell transplantation have been used in a broad range of hematologic disorders. However, the rarity of this population in vivo considerably limits its clinical applications and large-scale analyses such as screening and safety studies. Therefore, ex vivo culture methods that allow long-term expansion and maintenance of functional HSCs are instrumental in overcoming the difficulties in studying HSC biology and improving HSC therapies. In this perspective, we discuss recent advances and technical considerations for three ex vivo HSC expansion methods including 1) polyvinyl alcohol-based HSC expansion, 2) mesenchymal stromal cell-HSC co-culture, and 3) two-/three-dimensional hydrogel HSC culture. This review summarizes the presentations and discussions from the 2022 International Society for Experimental Hematology (ISEH) Annual Meeting New Investigator Technology Session.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyomi J Igarashi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Shubhankar Sood
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Inflammatory Stress in Stem Cells, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alban Johansson
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Pia Sommerkamp
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Masayuki Yamashita
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dawn S Lin
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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6
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Huang X, Wang Y, Wang T, Wen F, Liu S, Oudeng G. Recent advances in engineering hydrogels for niche biomimicking and hematopoietic stem cell culturing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1049965. [PMID: 36507253 PMCID: PMC9730123 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1049965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) provide a life-long supply of haemopoietic cells and are indispensable for clinical transplantation in the treatment of malignant hematological diseases. Clinical applications require vast quantities of HSCs with maintained stemness characteristics. Meeting this demand poses often insurmountable challenges for traditional culture methods. Creating a supportive artificial microenvironment for the culture of HSCs, which allows the expansion of the cells while maintaining their stemness, is becoming a new solution for the provision of these rare multipotent HSCs. Hydrogels with good biocompatibility, excellent hydrophilicity, tunable biochemical and biophysical properties have been applied in mimicking the hematopoietic niche for the efficient expansion of HSCs. This review focuses on recent progress in the use of hydrogels in this specialized application. Advanced biomimetic strategies use for the creation of an artificial haemopoietic niche are discussed, advances in combined use of hydrogel matrices and microfluidics, including the emerging organ-on-a-chip technology, are summarized. We also provide a brief description of novel stimulus-responsive hydrogels that are used to establish an intelligent dynamic cell microenvironment. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives of engineering hydrogels for HSC biomedicine are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochan Huang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianci Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gerile Oudeng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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7
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Tiffany AS, Harley BAC. Growing Pains: The Need for Engineered Platforms to Study Growth Plate Biology. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200471. [PMID: 35905390 PMCID: PMC9547842 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Growth plates, or physis, are highly specialized cartilage tissues responsible for longitudinal bone growth in children and adolescents. Chondrocytes that reside in growth plates are organized into three distinct zones essential for proper function. Modeling key features of growth plates may provide an avenue to develop advanced tissue engineering strategies and perspectives for cartilage and bone regenerative medicine applications and a platform to study processes linked to disease progression. In this review, a brief introduction of the growth plates and their role in skeletal development is first provided. Injuries and diseases of the growth plates as well as physiological and pathological mechanisms associated with remodeling and disease progression are discussed. Growth plate biology, namely, its architecture and extracellular matrix organization, resident cell types, and growth factor signaling are then focused. Next, opportunities and challenges for developing 3D biomaterial models to study aspects of growth plate biology and disease in vitro are discussed. Finally, opportunities for increasingly sophisticated in vitro biomaterial models of the growth plate to study spatiotemporal aspects of growth plate remodeling, to investigate multicellular signaling underlying growth plate biology, and to develop platforms that address key roadblocks to in vivo musculoskeletal tissue engineering applications are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleczandria S. Tiffany
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
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8
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Cai J, Wang J, Sun C, Dai J, Zhang C. Biomaterials with Stiffness Gradient for Interface Tissue Engineering. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35985317 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac8b4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Interface tissue engineering is a rapidly growing field that aims to develop engineered tissue alternates with the goal of promoting integration between multiple tissue types. Engineering interface tissues is a complex process, which requires a specialized biomaterials with organized material composition, stiffness, cell types, and signaling molecules. Among these, stiffness-controllable substrates have been developed to investigate the effect of stiffness on cell behavior. Especially these substrates with graded stiffness are advantageous since they allow the differentiation of multiple cell phenotypes and subsequent tissue development. In this review, we highlight the various types of manufacturing techniques that can be leveraged to fabricate scaffolds with stiffness gradient, discuss methods to characterize them, and gradient biomaterials for controlling cellular behavior including attachment, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. We also address fundamentals of interface tissue organization, and stiffness gradient biomaterials for interface tissue regeneration. Potential challenges and future directions in this emerging field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Cai
- Hunan University, #27 Tianma Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, CHINA
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Hangzhou Medical College, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, CHINA
| | - Chenxuan Sun
- Hunan University, 27# Tianma Road, ChangSha, Hunan, 410000, CHINA
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, No 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, Beijing, 100101, CHINA
| | - Can Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering, Hunan University, #27 Tianma Road, Changsha, 410000, CHINA
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9
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Current insights into the bone marrow niche: From biology in vivo to bioengineering ex vivo. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Evenbratt H, Andreasson L, Bicknell V, Brittberg M, Mobini R, Simonsson S. Insights into the present and future of cartilage regeneration and joint repair. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 35106664 PMCID: PMC8807792 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease. It causes pain and suffering for affected patients and is the source of major economic costs for healthcare systems. Despite ongoing research, there is a lack of knowledge regarding disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and possible cures. Current treatments do not fulfill patients' long-term needs, and it often requires invasive surgical procedures with subsequent long periods of rehabilitation. Researchers and companies worldwide are working to find a suitable cell source to engineer or regenerate a functional and healthy articular cartilage tissue to implant in the damaged area. Potential cell sources to accomplish this goal include embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells. The differentiation of stem cells into different tissue types is complex, and a suitable concentration range of specific growth factors is vital. The cellular microenvironment during early embryonic development provides crucial information regarding concentrations of signaling molecules and morphogen gradients as these are essential inducers for tissue development. Thus, morphogen gradients implemented in developmental protocols aimed to engineer functional cartilage tissue can potentially generate cells comparable to those within native cartilage. In this review, we have summarized the problems with current treatments, potential cell sources for cell therapy, reviewed the progress of new treatments within the regenerative cartilage field, and highlighted the importance of cell quality, characterization assays, and chemically defined protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Andreasson
- Cline Scientific AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - V. Bicknell
- Cline Scientific AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - M. Brittberg
- Cartilage Research Unit, University of Gothenburg, Region Halland Orthopaedics, Kungsbacka Hospital, S-434 80 Kungsbacka, Sweden
| | - R. Mobini
- Cline Scientific AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - S. Simonsson
- Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Zmrhal V, Svoradova A, Batik A, Slama P. Three-Dimensional Avian Hematopoietic Stem Cell Cultures as a Model for Studying Disease Pathogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:730804. [PMID: 35127695 PMCID: PMC8811169 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.730804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is attracting increasing attention today because it can mimic tissue environments and provide more realistic results than do conventional cell cultures. On the other hand, very little attention has been given to using 3D cell cultures in the field of avian cell biology. Although mimicking the bone marrow niche is a classic challenge of mammalian stem cell research, experiments have never been conducted in poultry on preparing in vitro the bone marrow niche. It is well known, however, that all diseases cause immunosuppression and target immune cells and their development. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) reside in the bone marrow and constitute a source for immune cells of lymphoid and myeloid origins. Disease prevention and control in poultry are facing new challenges, such as greater use of alternative breeding systems and expanding production of eggs and chicken meat in developing countries. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic will draw greater attention to the importance of disease management in poultry because poultry constitutes a rich source of zoonotic diseases. For these reasons, and because they will lead to a better understanding of disease pathogenesis, in vivo HSC niches for studying disease pathogenesis can be valuable tools for developing more effective disease prevention, diagnosis, and control. The main goal of this review is to summarize knowledge about avian hematopoietic cells, HSC niches, avian immunosuppressive diseases, and isolation of HSC, and the main part of the review is dedicated to using 3D cell cultures and their possible use for studying disease pathogenesis with practical examples. Therefore, this review can serve as a practical guide to support further preparation of 3D avian HSC niches to study the pathogenesis of avian diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Zmrhal
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Svoradova
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production in Nitra, Luzianky, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Batik
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Microfluidic-Driven Biofabrication and the Engineering of Cancer-Like Microenvironments. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:205-230. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Liu B, Tao C, Wu Z, Yao H, Wang DA. Engineering strategies to achieve efficient in vitro expansion of haematopoietic stem cells: development and improvement. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1734-1753. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells are the basis for building and maintaining lifelong haematopoietic mechanisms and important resources for the treatment of blood disorders. Haematopoietic niches are microenvironment in the body where...
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14
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Ngo MT, Barnhouse VR, Gilchrist AE, Mahadik BP, Hunter CJ, Hensold JN, Petrikas N, Harley BAC. Hydrogels Containing Gradients in Vascular Density Reveal Dose-Dependent Role of Angiocrine Cues on Stem Cell Behavior. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2101541. [PMID: 35558090 PMCID: PMC9090181 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials that replicate patterns of microenvironmental signals from the stem cell niche offer the potential to refine platforms to regulate stem cell behavior. While significant emphasis has been placed on understanding the effects of biophysical and biochemical cues on stem cell fate, vascular-derived or angiocrine cues offer an important alternative signaling axis for biomaterial-based stem cell platforms. Elucidating dose-dependent relationships between angiocrine cues and stem cell fate are largely intractable in animal models and 2D cell cultures. In this study, microfluidic mixing devices are leveraged to generate 3D hydrogels containing lateral gradients in vascular density alongside murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Regional differences in vascular density can be generated via embossed gradients in cell, matrix, or growth factor density. HSCs co-cultured alongside vascular gradients reveal spatial patterns of HSC phenotype in response to angiocrine signals. Notably, decreased Akt signaling in high vessel density regions led to increased expansion of lineage-positive hematopoietic cells. This approach offers a combinatorial tool to rapidly screen a continuum of microenvironments with varying vascular, biophysical, and biochemical cues to reveal the influence of local angiocrine signals on HSC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai T Ngo
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Victoria R Barnhouse
- Dept. Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Aidan E Gilchrist
- Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Bhushan P Mahadik
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Christine J Hunter
- Dept. Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joy N Hensold
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Nathan Petrikas
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Dept. Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Dept. Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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15
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Zarrintaj P, Saeb MR, Stadler FJ, Yazdi MK, Nezhad MN, Mohebbi S, Seidi F, Ganjali MR, Mozafari M. Human Organs-on-Chips: A Review of the State-of-the-Art, Current Prospects, and Future Challenges. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 6:e2000526. [PMID: 34837667 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
New emerging technologies, remarkably miniaturized 3D organ models and microfluidics, enable simulation of the real in vitro microenvironment ex vivo more closely. There are many fascinating features of innovative organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technology, including the possibility of integrating semipermeable and/or stretchable membranes, creating continuous perfusion of fluids into microchannels and chambers (while maintaining laminar flow regime), embedding microdevices like microsensors, microstimulators, micro heaters, or different cell lines, along with other 3D cell culture technologies. OOC systems are designed to imitate the structure and function of human organs, ranging from breathing lungs to beating hearts. This technology is expected to be able to revolutionize cell biology studies, personalized precision medicine, drug development process, and cancer diagnosis/treatment. OOC systems can significantly reduce the cost associated with tedious drug development processes and the risk of adverse drug reactions in the body, which makes drug screening more effective. The review mainly focus on presenting an overview of the several previously developed OOC systems accompanied by subjects relevant to pharmacy-, cancer-, and placenta-on-a-chip. The challenging issues and opportunities related to these systems are discussed, along with a future perspective for this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Zarrintaj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, 420 Engineering North, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Florian J Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Nasiri Nezhad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia, 57166-419, Iran
| | - Shabnam Mohebbi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran.,Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14395-1179, Iran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran
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16
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Huang R, Xu L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Lin B, Lin Z, Li J, Li X. Efficient fabrication of stretching hydrogels with programmable strain gradients as cell sheet delivery vehicles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112415. [PMID: 34579924 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating functional cell sheets with excellent mechanical strength for tissue regeneration remains challenging. Therefore, we devised a novel 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxy-succinimide crosslinked hydrogel carrier composed of gelatin (Ge) and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) that promoted the adhesion and proliferation of keratinocytes (Kcs) compared with those cultured on a Ge hydrogel due to significantly higher pore size, porosity, and stiffness, as confirmed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and shear wave elastography (SWE). Upon exposure to a programmable gradient microenvironment, cells displayed a stress/strain-dependent spatial-temporal distribution of extended cellular phenotypes and cytoskeletons. The promoted proliferation of Kcs and the increased retention of the undifferentiated cell phenotype on Ge-β-CD composite hydrogels under a 15% strain led to the accelerated detachment of cell sheets with retained cell-cell junctions. Moreover, the stretch-triggered upregulated expression of phosphorylated yes-associated protein (YAP) 1 suggested that this effect might be associated with the mechanical stimulation-induced activation of the YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Lirong Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Zhixiao Lin
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jinqing Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
| | - Xueyong Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
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17
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Grubb ML, Caliari SR. Fabrication approaches for high-throughput and biomimetic disease modeling. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:52-82. [PMID: 33716174 PMCID: PMC8433272 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is often a tradeoff between in vitro disease modeling platforms that capture pathophysiologic complexity and those that are amenable to high-throughput fabrication and analysis. However, this divide is closing through the application of a handful of fabrication approaches-parallel fabrication, automation, and flow-driven assembly-to design sophisticated cellular and biomaterial systems. The purpose of this review is to highlight methods for the fabrication of high-throughput biomaterial-based platforms and showcase examples that demonstrate their utility over a range of throughput and complexity. We conclude with a discussion of future considerations for the continued development of higher-throughput in vitro platforms that capture the appropriate level of biological complexity for the desired application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There is a pressing need for new biomedical tools to study and understand disease. These platforms should mimic the complex properties of the body while also permitting investigation of many combinations of cells, extracellular cues, and/or therapeutics in high-throughput. This review summarizes emerging strategies to fabricate biomimetic disease models that bridge the gap between complex tissue-mimicking microenvironments and high-throughput screens for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L Grubb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Unites States
| | - Steven R Caliari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Unites States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Unites States.
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18
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Rebuilding the hematopoietic stem cell niche: Recent developments and future prospects. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:129-148. [PMID: 33813090 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have proven their clinical relevance in stem cell transplantation to cure patients with hematological disorders. Key to their regenerative potential is their natural microenvironment - their niche - in the bone marrow (BM). Developments in the field of biomaterials enable the recreation of such environments with increasing preciseness in the laboratory. Such artificial niches help to gain a fundamental understanding of the biophysical and biochemical processes underlying the interaction of HSCs with the materials in their environment and the disturbance of this interplay during diseases affecting the BM. Artificial niches also have the potential to multiply HSCs in vitro, to enable the targeted differentiation of HSCs into mature blood cells or to serve as drug-testing platforms. In this review, we will introduce the importance of artificial niches followed by the biology and biophysics of the natural archetype. We will outline how 2D biomaterials can be used to dissect the complexity of the natural niche into individual parameters for fundamental research and how 3D systems evolved from them. We will present commonly used biomaterials for HSC research and their applications. Finally, we will highlight two areas in the field of HSC research, which just started to unlock the possibilities provided by novel biomaterials, in vitro blood production and studying the pathophysiology of the niche in vitro. With these contents, the review aims to give a broad overview of the different biomaterials applied for HSC research and to discuss their potentials, challenges and future directions in the field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent cells responsible for maintaining the turnover of all blood cells. They are routinely applied to treat patients with hematological diseases. This high clinical relevance explains the necessity of multiplication or differentiation of HSCs in the laboratory, which is hampered by the missing natural microenvironment - the so called niche. Biomaterials offer the possibility to mimic the niche and thus overcome this hurdle. The review introduces the HSC niche in the bone marrow and discusses the utility of biomaterials in creating artificial niches. It outlines how 2D systems evolved into sophisticated 3D platforms, which opened the gateway to applications such as, expansion of clinically relevant HSCs, in vitro blood production, studying niche pathologies and drug testing.
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19
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Yin S, Cao Y. Hydrogels for Large-Scale Expansion of Stem Cells. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:1-20. [PMID: 33746032 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells demonstrate considerable promise for various preclinical and clinical applications, including drug screening, disease treatments, and regenerative medicine. Producing high-quality and large amounts of stem cells is in demand for these applications. Despite challenges, as hydrogel-based cell culture technology has developed, tremendous progress has been made in stem cell expansion and directed differentiation. Hydrogels are soft materials with abundant water. Many hydrogel properties, including biodegradability, mechanical strength, and porosity, have been shown to play essential roles in regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. The biochemical and physical properties of hydrogels can be specifically tailored to mimic the native microenvironment that various stem cells reside in vivo. A few hydrogel-based systems have been developed for successful stem cell cultures and expansion in vitro. In this review, we summarize various types of hydrogels that have been designed to effectively enhance the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), respectively. According to each stem cell type's preference, we also discuss strategies for fabricating hydrogels with biochemical and mechanical cues and other characteristics representing microenvironments of stem cells in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review article we summarize current progress on the construction of hydrogel systems for the culture and expansion of various stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The Significance includes: (1) Provide detailed discussion on the stem cell niches that should be considered for stem cell in vitro expansion. (2) Summarize various strategies to construct hydrogels that can largely recapture the microenvironment of native stem cells. (3) Suggest a few future directions that can be implemented to improve current in vitro stem cell expansion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China, 518057
| | - Yi Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine innovation center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen, China, 518057.
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20
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Ngo MT, Harley BAC. Progress in mimicking brain microenvironments to understand and treat neurological disorders. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:020902. [PMID: 33869984 PMCID: PMC8034983 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders including traumatic brain injury, stroke, primary and metastatic brain tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. Disease progression is accompanied by changes in the brain microenvironment, but how these shifts in biochemical, biophysical, and cellular properties contribute to repair outcomes or continued degeneration is largely unknown. Tissue engineering approaches can be used to develop in vitro models to understand how the brain microenvironment contributes to pathophysiological processes linked to neurological disorders and may also offer constructs that promote healing and regeneration in vivo. In this Perspective, we summarize features of the brain microenvironment in normal and pathophysiological states and highlight strategies to mimic this environment to model disease, investigate neural stem cell biology, and promote regenerative healing. We discuss current limitations and resulting opportunities to develop tissue engineering tools that more faithfully recapitulate the aspects of the brain microenvironment for both in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai T. Ngo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: (217) 244-7112. Fax: (217) 333-5052
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21
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Guimarães CF, Ahmed R, Marques AP, Reis RL, Demirci U. Engineering Hydrogel-Based Biomedical Photonics: Design, Fabrication, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006582. [PMID: 33929771 PMCID: PMC8647870 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light guiding and manipulation in photonics have become ubiquitous in events ranging from everyday communications to complex robotics and nanomedicine. The speed and sensitivity of light-matter interactions offer unprecedented advantages in biomedical optics, data transmission, photomedicine, and detection of multi-scale phenomena. Recently, hydrogels have emerged as a promising candidate for interfacing photonics and bioengineering by combining their light-guiding properties with live tissue compatibility in optical, chemical, physiological, and mechanical dimensions. Herein, the latest progress over hydrogel photonics and its applications in guidance and manipulation of light is reviewed. Physics of guiding light through hydrogels and living tissues, and existing technical challenges in translating these tools into biomedical settings are discussed. A comprehensive and thorough overview of materials, fabrication protocols, and design architectures used in hydrogel photonics is provided. Finally, recent examples of applying structures such as hydrogel optical fibers, living photonic constructs, and their use as light-driven hydrogel robots, photomedicine tools, and organ-on-a-chip models are described. By providing a critical and selective evaluation of the field's status, this work sets a foundation for the next generation of hydrogel photonic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F. Guimarães
- 3B’s Research Group — Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Rajib Ahmed
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Alexandra P. Marques
- 3B’s Research Group — Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group — Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – Portuguese Government Associate Laboratory, University of Minho, Braga and Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Laboratory, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection Department of Radiology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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22
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Zhu C, Qiu J, Thomopoulos S, Xia Y. Augmenting Tendon-to-Bone Repair with Functionally Graded Scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002269. [PMID: 33694312 PMCID: PMC8102396 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tendon-to-bone repair often fails because the functionally graded attachment is not regenerated during the healing process. Biomimetic scaffolds that recapitulate the unique features of the native tendon-to-bone attachment hold great promise for enhancing the healing process. Among various types of scaffolds that are developed and evaluated for tendon-to-bone repair, those with gradations (in either a stratified or a continuous fashion) in composition, structure, mechanical properties, and cell phenotype have gained the most attention. In this progress report, the recent efforts in the rational design and fabrication of functionally graded scaffolds based upon electrospun nanofiber mats and inverse opal structures, as well as the evaluation of their applications in augmenting tendon-to-bone repair, are reviewed. This report concludes with perspectives on the necessary future steps for clinical translation of the scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jichuan Qiu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Stavros Thomopoulos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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23
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Nguyen NK, Singha P, An H, Phan HP, Nguyen NT, Ooi CH. Electrostatically excited liquid marble as a micromixer. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00121c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liquid marble as a micromixer. Particles suspended in a transparent liquid marble is dispersed in a time lapse photo. The colour change from red to purple shows the particle position from the first frame to the last frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat-Khuong Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan 4111
- Australia
| | - Pradip Singha
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan 4111
- Australia
| | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan 4111
- Australia
| | - Hoang-Phuong Phan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan 4111
- Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan 4111
- Australia
| | - Chin Hong Ooi
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre
- Griffith University
- Nathan 4111
- Australia
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24
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Li BB, Scott EY, Chamberlain MD, Duong BTV, Zhang S, Done SJ, Wheeler AR. Cell invasion in digital microfluidic microgel systems. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba9589. [PMID: 32832633 PMCID: PMC7439438 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba9589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic methods for studying cell invasion can be subdivided into those in which cells invade into free space and those in which cells invade into hydrogels. The former techniques allow straightforward extraction of subpopulations of cells for RNA sequencing, while the latter preserve key aspects of cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we introduce "cell invasion in digital microfluidic microgel systems" (CIMMS), which bridges the gap between them, allowing the stratification of cells on the basis of their invasiveness into hydrogels for RNA sequencing. In initial studies with a breast cancer model, 244 genes were found to be differentially expressed between invading and noninvading cells, including genes correlating with ECM-remodeling, chemokine/cytokine receptors, and G protein transducers. These results suggest that CIMMS will be a valuable tool for probing metastasis as well as the many physiological processes that rely on invasion, such as tissue development, repair, and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu B. Li
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Erica Y. Scott
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - M. Dean Chamberlain
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Bill T. V. Duong
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Shuailong Zhang
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Susan J. Done
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth St., Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Aaron R. Wheeler
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St., Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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25
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A Dynamic Hanging-Drop System for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124298. [PMID: 32560269 PMCID: PMC7352343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been many microfluid technologies combined with hanging-drop for cell culture gotten developed in the past decade. A common problem within these devices is that the cell suspension introduced at the central inlet could cause a number of cells in each microwell to not regularize. Also, the instability of droplets during the spheroid formation remains an unsolved ordeal. In this study, we designed a microfluidic-based hanging-drop culture system with the design of taper-tube that can increase the stability of droplets while enhancing the rate of liquid exchange. A ring is surrounding the taper-tube. The ring can hold the cells to enable us to seed an adequate amount of cells before perfusion. Moreover, during the period of cell culture, the mechanical force around the cell is relatively low to prevent stem cells from differentiate and maintain the phenotype. As a result of our hanging system design, cells are designed to accumulate at the bottom of the droplet. This method enhances convenience for observation activities and analysis of experiments. Thus, this microfluid chip can be used as an in vitro platform representing in vivo physiological conditions, and can be useful in regenerative therapy.
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26
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Jo H, Yoon M, Gajendiran M, Kim K. Recent Strategies in Fabrication of Gradient Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications. Macromol Biosci 2019; 20:e1900300. [PMID: 31886614 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are widely used as scaffold in tissue engineering field because of their ability to mimic the cellular microenvironment. However, mimicking a completely natural cellular environment is complicated due to the differences in various physical and chemical properties of cellular environments. Recently, gradient hydrogels provide excellent heterogeneous environment to mimic the different cellular microenvironments. To create hydrogels with an anisotropic distribution, gradient hydrogels have been widely developed by adopting several gradient generation techniques. Herein, the various gradient hydrogel fabrication techniques, including dual syringe pump systems, microfluidic device, photolithography, diffusion, and bio-printing are summarized. As the effects of gradient 3D hydrogels with stems have been reviewed elsewhere, this review focuses principally on gradient hydrogel fabrication for multi-model tissue regeneration. This review provides new insights into the key points for fabrication of gradient hydrogels for multi-model tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejung Jo
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyuk Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mani Gajendiran
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 06420, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 06420, Republic of Korea
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Zhang P, Zhang C, Li J, Han J, Liu X, Yang H. The physical microenvironment of hematopoietic stem cells and its emerging roles in engineering applications. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:327. [PMID: 31744536 PMCID: PMC6862744 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are considered the fundamental underpinnings of tissue biology. The stem cell microenvironment provides factors and elements that play significant roles in controlling the cell fate direction. The bone marrow is an important environment for functional hematopoietic stem cells in adults. Remarkable progress has been achieved in the area of hematopoietic stem cell fate modulation based on the recognition of biochemical factors provided by bone marrow niches. In this review, we focus on emerging evidence that hematopoietic stem cell fate is altered in response to a variety of microenvironmental physical cues, such as geometric properties, matrix stiffness, and mechanical forces. Based on knowledge of these biophysical cues, recent developments in harnessing hematopoietic stem cell niches ex vivo are also discussed. A comprehensive understanding of cell microenvironments helps provide mechanistic insights into pathophysiological mechanisms and underlies biomaterial-based hematopoietic stem cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyang Han
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiru Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Kim JA, Hong S, Rhee WJ. Microfluidic three-dimensional cell culture of stem cells for high-throughput analysis. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:803-816. [PMID: 31693013 PMCID: PMC6828593 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i10.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the recent advances in stem cell engineering have gained a great deal of attention due to their high potential in clinical research, the applicability of stem cells for preclinical screening in the drug discovery process is still challenging due to difficulties in controlling the stem cell microenvironment and the limited availability of high-throughput systems. Recently, researchers have been actively developing and evaluating three-dimensional (3D) cell culture-based platforms using microfluidic technologies, such as organ-on-a-chip and organoid-on-a-chip platforms, and they have achieved promising breakthroughs in stem cell engineering. In this review, we start with a comprehensive discussion on the importance of microfluidic 3D cell culture techniques in stem cell research and their technical strategies in the field of drug discovery. In a subsequent section, we discuss microfluidic 3D cell culture techniques for high-throughput analysis for use in stem cell research. In addition, some potential and practical applications of organ-on-a-chip or organoid-on-a-chip platforms using stem cells as drug screening and disease models are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ah Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, South Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Hong
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, South Korea
- Program in Biomicro System Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Won Jong Rhee
- Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
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Hubka KM, Carson DD, Harrington DA, Farach-Carson MC. Perlecan domain I gradients establish stable biomimetic heparin binding growth factor gradients for cell migration in hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2019; 97:385-398. [PMID: 31351252 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor gradients orchestrate many biological processes including organogenesis, wound healing, cancer invasion, and metastasis. Heparin-binding growth factor (HBGF) gradients are established in living systems by proteoglycans including the extracellular matrix heparan sulfate proteoglycan, perlecan/HSPG2. Three potential HBGF-binding glycosaminoglycan attachment sites occur in N-terminal domain I of perlecan's five domains. Our overarching goal was to form stable, biomimetic non-covalently bound HBGF gradients surrounding cells encapsulated in hyaluronate-based hydrogels by first establishing perlecan domain I (PlnD1) gradients. A versatile multichannel gradient maker device (MGMD) was designed and 3D printed, then used to create desired gradients of microparticles in hydrogels. Next, we used the device to covalently incorporate gradients of PEGylated PlnD1 in hydrogels with high-low-high or high-medium-low concentrations across the hydrogel width. Fluorescently-labeled fibroblast growth factor-2 was delivered to hydrogels in phosphate-buffered saline and allowed to electrostatically bind to the covalently pre-incorporated PlnD1, producing stable non-covalent HBGF gradients. To test cell viability after flow through the MGMD, delicate primary human salivary stem/progenitor cells were encapsulated in gradient hydrogels where they showed high viability and continued to grow. Next, to test migratory behavior in response to HBGF gradients, two cell types, preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell line and breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 were encapsulated in or adjacent to PlnD1-modified hydrogels. Both cell lines migrated toward HBGFs bound to PlnD1. We conclude that establishing covalently-bound PlnD1 gradients in hydrogels provides a new means to establish physiologically-relevant gradients of HBGFs that are useful for a variety of applications in tissue engineering and cancer biology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Gradients of heparin binding growth factors (HBGFs) direct cell behavior in living systems. HBGFs bind electrostatically to gradients of HS proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix creating HBGF gradients. We recreated HBGF gradients in physiological hyaluronate-based hydrogels using a 3D-printed multichannel gradient maker device (MGMD) that created gradients of HS proteoglycan-derived perlecan/HSPG2 domain I. We demonstrated the ability of a variety of cells, including primary salivary stem/progenitor cells, pre-osteoblastic cells and an invasive breast cancer cell line, to be co-encapsulated in gradient hydrogels by flowing them together through the MGMD. The versatile device and the ability to create HBGF gradients in hydrogels for a variety of applications is innovative and of broad utility in both cancer biology and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsea M Hubka
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7500 Cambridge Street Room 4401, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Daniel D Carson
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, MS-140, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, MS-140, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7500 Cambridge Street Room 4401, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, MS-142, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Biosciences, Rice University, MS-140, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7500 Cambridge Street Room 4401, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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Parittotokkaporn S, Dravid A, Bansal M, Aqrawe Z, Svirskis D, Suresh V, O’Carroll SJ. Make it simple: long-term stable gradient generation in a microfluidic microdevice. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:77. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kim S, Shah SB, Graney PL, Singh A. Multiscale engineering of immune cells and lymphoid organs. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2019; 4:355-378. [PMID: 31903226 PMCID: PMC6941786 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-019-0100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunoengineering applies quantitative and materials-based approaches for the investigation of the immune system and for the development of therapeutic solutions for various diseases, such as infection, cancer, inflammatory diseases and age-related malfunctions. The design of immunomodulatory and cell therapies requires the precise understanding of immune cell formation and activation in primary, secondary and ectopic tertiary immune organs. However, the study of the immune system has long been limited to in vivo approaches, which often do not allow multidimensional control of intracellular and extracellular processes, and to 2D in vitro models, which lack physiological relevance. 3D models built with synthetic and natural materials enable the structural and functional recreation of immune tissues. These models are being explored for the investigation of immune function and dysfunction at the cell, tissue and organ levels. In this Review, we discuss 2D and 3D approaches for the engineering of primary, secondary and tertiary immune structures at multiple scales. We highlight important insights gained using these models and examine multiscale engineering strategies for the design and development of immunotherapies. Finally, dynamic 4D materials are investigated for their potential to provide stimuli-dependent and context-dependent scaffolds for the generation of immune organ models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Sungwoong Kim, Shivem B. Shah, Pamela L. Graney
| | - Shivem B. Shah
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Sungwoong Kim, Shivem B. Shah, Pamela L. Graney
| | - Pamela L. Graney
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Sungwoong Kim, Shivem B. Shah, Pamela L. Graney
| | - Ankur Singh
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Engineering functional hydrogel microparticle interfaces by controlled oxygen-inhibited photopolymerization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 180:371-375. [PMID: 31079030 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Functional poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel microparticles for the detection of bioactive macromolecules were fabricated via oxygen-inhibited photopolymerization in a droplet microfluidic device. Hydrogel network functionalization and architecture were characterized using a biotin-avidin binding assay, which revealed radial network inhomogeneities dependent on exposure conditions. Empirical results were corroborated using a reaction-diffusion model, describing the effects of exposure intensity on the spatial photopolymerization kinetics and resulting polymeric mesh network. The combination of finely controlled exposure conditions and predictive simulations enables the generation of tailored particles with microengineered interfaces and gradients in crosslinking density, which dictate solute diffusivity and elasticity, augmenting the utility of this approach in engineering multifunctional, size-excluding hydrogel particles for multiplexed biomolecular sensing.
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Piluso S, Li Y, Abinzano F, Levato R, Moreira Teixeira L, Karperien M, Leijten J, van Weeren R, Malda J. Mimicking the Articular Joint with In Vitro Models. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:1063-1077. [PMID: 31000204 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Treating joint diseases remains a significant clinical challenge. Conventional in vitro cultures and animal models have been helpful, but suffer from limited predictive power for the human response. Advanced models are therefore required to mimic the complex biological interactions within the human joint. However, the intricate structure of the joint microenvironment and the complex nature of joint diseases have challenged the development of in vitro models that can faithfully mimic the in vivo physiological and pathological environments. In this review, we discuss the current in vitro models of the joint and the progress achieved in the development of novel and potentially more predictive models, and highlight the application of new technologies to accurately emulate the articular joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Piluso
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Florencia Abinzano
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liliana Moreira Teixeira
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - René van Weeren
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Mahadik B, Hannon B, Harley BAC. A computational model of feedback-mediated hematopoietic stem cell differentiation in vitro. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212502. [PMID: 30822334 PMCID: PMC6396932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) play an important physiological role as regulators of all blood and immune cell populations, and are of clinical importance for bone marrow transplants. Regulating HSC biology in vitro for clinical applications requires improved understanding of biological inducers of HSC lineage specification. A significant challenge for controlled HSC expansion and differentiation is the complex network of molecular crosstalk between multiple bone marrow niche components influencing HSC biology. We describe a biology-driven computational approach to model cell kinetics in vitro to gain new insight regarding culture conditions and intercellular signaling networks. We further investigate the balance between self-renewal and differentiation that drives early and late hematopoietic progenitor populations. We demonstrate that changing the feedback driven by cell-secreted biomolecules alters lineage specification in early progenitor populations. Using a first order deterministic model, we are able to predict the impact of media change frequency on cell kinetics, as well as distinctions between primitive long-term HSCs and differentiated myeloid progenitors. Integrating the computational model and sensitivity analyses we identify critical culture parameters for regulating HSC proliferation and myeloid lineage specification. Our analysis suggests that accurately modeling the kinetics of hematopoietic sub-populations in vitro requires direct contributions from early progenitor differentiation along with the more traditionally considered intermediary oligopotent progenitors. While consistent with recent in vivo results, this work suggests the need to revise our perspective on HSC lineage engineering in vitro for expansion of discrete hematopoietic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Mahadik
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bruce Hannon
- Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chramiec A, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Tissue engineered models of healthy and malignant human bone marrow. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 140:78-92. [PMID: 31002835 PMCID: PMC6663611 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is becoming increasingly successful in providing in vitro models of human tissues that can be used for ex vivo recapitulation of functional tissues as well as predictive testing of drug efficacy and safety. From simple tissue models to microphysiological platforms comprising multiple tissue types connected by vascular perfusion, these "tissues on a chip" are emerging as a fast track application for tissue engineering, with great potential for modeling diseases and supporting the development of new drugs and therapeutic targets. We focus here on tissue engineering of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell compartment and the malignancies that can develop in the human bone marrow. Our overall goal is to demonstrate the utility and interconnectedness of improvements in bioengineering methods developed in one area of bone marrow studies for the remaining, seemingly disparate, bone marrow fields.
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36
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Dasgupta Q, Madras G, Chatterjee K. Gradient platform for combinatorial screening of thermoset polymers for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 94:766-777. [PMID: 30423763 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to design a device for rapid screening of crosslinked thermoset polymers. This gradient curing platform is capable of yielding a library of polyesters with systematically varying mechanical and physicochemical properties and the resultant cellular response. A library of poly(xylitolsebacate) polyesters was prepared in this device by differential curing to yield a gradient polymer. The resultant polymer exhibits a gradient in the storage modulus (1 to 5 MPa), wettability (70° < water contact angle < 110°), degree of crosslinking, degradation rate (3-25% in 7 days), drug release and biological response (ability to support stem cell proliferation and differentiation) from one end of the polymer to the other. Primary human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured to assess the cellular response in vitro. Maximal stem cell proliferation and osteogenesis was observed on the highly crosslinked polyester segments that provide high stiffness, are hydrophobic and are slow degrading as compared to the lower cured counterparts. Under in vivo conditions, this material showed differential response across the gradient without displaying significant concerns for inflammation or infection. This gradient curing device is capable of ascertaining suitable curing conditions to obtain appropriate polymers for application specific requirements. This gradient platform was further used to identify optimal processing parameters to prepare three-dimensional tissue scaffolds such as electrospun fiber mats and porous foams. Thus, this versatile combinatorial platform is well suited for rapid screening of thermoset polymers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queeny Dasgupta
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Giridhar Madras
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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Choi JS, Ilin Y, Kraft ML, Harley BAC. Tracing Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Neutrophilic Differentiation via Raman Spectroscopy. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3121-3128. [PMID: 30148625 PMCID: PMC6346746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge to experimental studies and therapeutic uses of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is the limited options for analytical tools that can reliably resolve functional differences in heterogeneous HSC subpopulations at the single cell level. Currently available methods require the use of external labels and/or separate clonogenic and transplantation assays to identify bona fide stem cells, necessitating the harvest of bulk cell populations and long incubation times that obscure how individual HSCs dynamically respond to exogenous and endogenous stimuli. In this study, we employ Raman spectroscopy to noninvasively resolve the dynamics of individual differentiating hematopoietic progenitor cells during the course of neutrophilic differentiation. We collected Raman peaks of individual cells daily over the course of 14-day neutrophilic differentiation. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the Raman peaks revealed spectral differences between individual cells during differentiation that were strongly correlated with changes in the nucleus shape and surface antigen expression, the primary traditional means of monitoring neutrophilic differentiation. Additionally, our results were consistently reproducible in independent rounds of neutrophilic differentiation, as demonstrated by our partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the Raman spectral information that predicted the degree of neutrophilic differentiation with high sensitivity and specificity. Our findings highlight the utility and reliability of Raman spectroscopy as a robust molecular imaging tool to monitor the kinetics of HSC differentiation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Choi
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yelena Ilin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mary L. Kraft
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brendan A. C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Bello AB, Park H, Lee SH. Current approaches in biomaterial-based hematopoietic stem cell niches. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:1-15. [PMID: 29578087 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can differentiate and replenish blood and immune cells. While there is a growing demand for autologous and allogeneic HSC transplantation owing to the increasing incidence of hereditary and hematologic diseases, the low population of HSCs in cord-blood and bone marrow (the main source of HSCs) hinders their medical applicability. Several cytokine and growth factor-based methods have been developed to expand the HSCs in vitro; however, the expansion rate is low, or the expanded cells fail to survive upon engraftment. This is at least in part because the overly simplistic polystyrene culture substrates fail to fully replicate the microenvironments or niches where these stem cells live. Bone marrow niches are multi-dimensional, complex systems that involve both biochemical (cells, growth factors, and cytokines) and physiochemical (stiffness, O2 concentration, and extracellular matrix presentation) factors that regulate the quiescence, proliferation, activation, and differentiation of the HSCs. Although several studies have been conducted on in vitro HSC expansion via 2D and 3D biomaterial-based platforms, additional work is required to engineer an effective biomaterial platform that mimics bone marrow niches. In this study, the factors that regulate the HSC in vivo were explained and their applications in the engineering of a bone marrow biomaterial-based platform were discussed. In addition, current approaches, challenges, and the future direction of a biomaterial-based culture and expansion of the HSC were examined. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are multipotent cells that can differentiate and replace the blood and immune cells of the body. However, in vivo, there is a low population of these cells, and thus their use in biotherapeutic and medical applications is limited (i.e., bone marrow transplantation). In this review, the biochemical factors (growth factors, cytokines, co-existing cells, ECM, gas concentrations, and differential gene expression) that may regulate the over-all fate of HSC, in vivo, were summarized and discussed. Moreover, different conventional and recent biomaterial platforms were reviewed, and their potential in generating a biomaterial-based, BM niche-mimicking platform for the efficient growth and expansion of clinically relevant HSCs in-vitro, was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Bacero Bello
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-Si 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06911, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-Si 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Song K, Wang Z, Liu R, Chen G, Liu L. Microfabrication-Based Three-Dimensional (3-D) Extracellular Matrix Microenvironments for Cancer and Other Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E935. [PMID: 29561794 PMCID: PMC5979294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the complicated development of tumors and metastases needs a deep understanding of the physical and biological interactions between cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironments. One of the major challenges is the ability to mimic the complex 3-D tissue microenvironment that particularly influences cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in relation to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Traditional cell culture is unable to create 3-D cell scaffolds resembling tissue complexity and functions, and, in the past, many efforts were made to realize the goal of obtaining cell clusters in hydrogels. However, the available methods still lack a precise control of cell external microenvironments. Recently, the rapid development of microfabrication techniques, such as 3-D printing, microfluidics, and photochemistry, has offered great advantages in reconstructing 3-D controllable cancer cell microenvironments in vitro. Consequently, various biofunctionalized hydrogels have become the ideal candidates to help the researchers acquire some new insights into various diseases. Our review will discuss some important studies and the latest progress regarding the above approaches for the production of 3-D ECM structures for cancer and other diseases. Especially, we will focus on new discoveries regarding the impact of the ECM on different aspects of cancer metastasis, e.g., collective invasion, enhanced intravasation by stress and aligned collagen fibers, angiogenesis regulation, as well as on drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kena Song
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Zirui Wang
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Ruchuan Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Guo Chen
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Liyu Liu
- College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Acevedo JP, Angelopoulos I, van Noort D, Khoury M. Microtechnology applied to stem cells research and development. Regen Med 2018; 13:233-248. [PMID: 29557299 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfabrication and microfluidics contribute to the research of cellular functions of cells and their interaction with their environment. Previously, it has been shown that microfluidics can contribute to the isolation, selection, characterization and migration of cells. This review aims to provide stem cell researchers with a toolkit of microtechnology (mT) instruments for elucidating complex stem cells functions which are challenging to decipher with traditional assays and animal models. These microdevices are able to investigate about the differentiation and niche interaction, stem cells transcriptomics, therapeutic functions and the capture of their secreted microvesicles. In conclusion, microtechnology will allow a more realistic assessment of stem cells properties, driving and accelerating the translation of regenerative medicine approaches to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Acevedo
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ioannis Angelopoulos
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danny van Noort
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Biotechnology, IFM, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Maroun Khoury
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile.,Consorcio Regenero, Santiago, Chile
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Wu KH, Mei C, Lin CW, Yang KC, Yu J. The influence of bubble size on chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells in gelatin microbubble scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:125-132. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02244a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In human bodies, cartilage tissue lacks the ability to heal when it encounters trauma or lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Han Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
| | - Chieh Mei
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chiang Yang
- College of Medicine
- Taipei Medical University
- Taipei 110
- Taiwan
| | - Jiashing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 106
- Taiwan
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Geraili A, Jafari P, Hassani MS, Araghi BH, Mohammadi MH, Ghafari AM, Tamrin SH, Modarres HP, Kolahchi AR, Ahadian S, Sanati-Nezhad A. Controlling Differentiation of Stem Cells for Developing Personalized Organ-on-Chip Platforms. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28910516 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OOC) platforms have attracted attentions of pharmaceutical companies as powerful tools for screening of existing drugs and development of new drug candidates. OOCs have primarily used human cell lines or primary cells to develop biomimetic tissue models. However, the ability of human stem cells in unlimited self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages has made them attractive for OOCs. The microfluidic technology has enabled precise control of stem cell differentiation using soluble factors, biophysical cues, and electromagnetic signals. This study discusses different tissue- and organ-on-chip platforms (i.e., skin, brain, blood-brain barrier, bone marrow, heart, liver, lung, tumor, and vascular), with an emphasis on the critical role of stem cells in the synthesis of complex tissues. This study further recaps the design, fabrication, high-throughput performance, and improved functionality of stem-cell-based OOCs, technical challenges, obstacles against implementing their potential applications, and future perspectives related to different experimental platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Geraili
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering; Western University; London N6A 5B9 ON Canada
| | - Parya Jafari
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering; Western University; London N6A 5B9 ON Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheikh Hassani
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering; Carleton University; 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa K1S 5B6 ON Canada
| | - Behnaz Heidary Araghi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Amir Mohammad Ghafari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology; Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology; Tehran 16635-148 Iran
| | - Sara Hasanpour Tamrin
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Hassan Pezeshgi Modarres
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Ahmad Rezaei Kolahchi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education; Biomedical Engineering Program; University of Calgary; Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
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43
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Xu Y, Yuan S, Han J, Lin H, Zhang X. Design and fabrication of a chitosan hydrogel with gradient structures via a step-by-step cross-linking process. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 176:195-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pedron S, Polishetty H, Pritchard AM, Mahadik BP, Sarkaria JN, Harley BAC. Spatially graded hydrogels for preclinical testing of glioblastoma anticancer therapeutics. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2017; 7:442-449. [PMID: 29230350 PMCID: PMC5721678 DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2017.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
While preclinical models such as orthotopic tumors generated in mice from patient-derived specimens are widely used to predict sensitivity or therapeutic interventions for cancer, such xenografts can be slow, require extensive infrastructure, and can make in situ assessment difficult. Such concerns are heightened in highly aggressive cancers, such as glioblastoma (GBM), that display genetic diversity and short mean survival. Biomimetic biomaterial technologies offer an approach to create ex vivo models that reflect biophysical features of the tumor microenvironment (TME). We describe a microfluidic templating approach to generate spatially graded hydrogels containing patient-derived GBM cells to explore drug efficacy and resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pedron
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - H Polishetty
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - A M Pritchard
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - B P Mahadik
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - J N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - B A C Harley
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 110 Roger Adams Lab., 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Caldwell AS, Campbell GT, Shekiro KMT, Anseth KS. Clickable Microgel Scaffolds as Platforms for 3D Cell Encapsulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28485127 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
While microporous scaffolds are increasingly used for regenerative medicine and tissue repair applications, the most common techniques to fabricate these scaffolds use templating or top-down fabrication approaches. Cytocompatible bottom-up assembly methods afford the opportunity to assemble microporous systems in the presence of cells and create complex polymer-cell composite systems in situ. Here, microgel building blocks with clickable surface groups are synthesized for the bottom-up fabrication of porous cell-laden scaffolds. The facile nature of assembly allows for human mesenchymal stem cells to be incorporated throughout the porous scaffold. Particles are designed with mean diameters of ≈10 and 100 µm, and assembled to create varied microenvironments. The resulting pore sizes and their distribution significantly alter cell morphology and cytoskeletal formation. This microgel-based system provides numerous tunable properties that can be used to control multiple aspects of cellular growth and development, as well as providing the ability to recapitulate various biological interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Caldwell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute; University of Colorado Boulder; Jennie Smoly Caruthers Biotechnology Building; 3415 Colorado Ave Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Gavin T. Campbell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute; University of Colorado Boulder; Jennie Smoly Caruthers Biotechnology Building; 3415 Colorado Ave Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Kelly M. T. Shekiro
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute; University of Colorado Boulder; Jennie Smoly Caruthers Biotechnology Building; 3415 Colorado Ave Boulder CO 80303 USA
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the BioFrontiers Institute; University of Colorado Boulder; Jennie Smoly Caruthers Biotechnology Building; 3415 Colorado Ave Boulder CO 80303 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; University of Colorado Boulder; Jennie Smoly Caruthers Biotechnology Building; 3415 Colorado Ave Boulder CO 80303 USA
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Compartmentalized Microfluidic Platforms: The Unrivaled Breakthrough of In Vitro Tools for Neurobiological Research. J Neurosci 2017; 36:11573-11584. [PMID: 27852766 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1748-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic technology has become a valuable tool to the scientific community, allowing researchers to study fine cellular mechanisms with higher variable control compared with conventional systems. It has evolved tremendously, and its applicability and flexibility made its usage grow exponentially and transversely to several research fields. This has been particularly noticeable in neuroscience research, where microfluidic platforms made it possible to address specific questions extending from axonal guidance, synapse formation, or axonal transport to the development of 3D models of the CNS to allow pharmacological testing and drug screening. Furthermore, the continuous upgrade of microfluidic platforms has allowed a deeper study of the communication occurring between different neuronal and glial cells or between neurons and other peripheral tissues, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Importantly, the evolution of microfluidic technology has always been accompanied by the development of new computational tools addressing data acquisition, analysis, and modeling.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The specialized microenvironments of lymphoid tissue affect immune cell function and progression of disease. However, current animal models are low throughput and a large number of human diseases are difficult to model in animals. Animal models are less amenable to manipulation of tissue niche components, signalling pathways, epigenetics, and genome editing than ex vivo models. On the other hand, conventional 2D cultures lack the physiological relevance to study precise microenvironmental interactions. Thus, artificial tissues are being developed to study these interactions in the context of immune development, function, and disease. RECENT FINDINGS New bone marrow and lymph node models have been created to, respectively, study microenvironmental interactions in hematopoiesis and germinal center-like biology. These models have also been extended to understand the effect of these interactions on the progression and therapeutic response in leukemia, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma. SUMMARY 3D in-vitro immune models have elucidated new cellular, biochemical, and biophysical interactions as potential regulatory mechanisms, therapeutic targets, or biomarkers that previously could not be studied in animal models and conventional 2D cultures. Incorporation of advanced biomaterials, microfluidics, genome editing, and single-cell analysis tools will enable further studies of function, driver mutations, and tumor heterogeneity. Continual refinement will help inform the development of antibody and cell-based immunotherapeutics and patient-specific treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivem B. Shah
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ankur Singh
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Graduate Field Faculty of Immunology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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Gradient nanocomposite hydrogels for interface tissue engineering. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 14:2465-2474. [PMID: 28554596 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are an emerging class of materials with unique physical and chemical properties due to their high surface area and disc-like shape. Recently, these 2D nanomaterials have been investigated for a range of biomedical applications including tissue engineering, therapeutic delivery and bioimaging, due to their ability to physically reinforce polymeric networks. Here, we present a facile fabrication of a gradient scaffold with two natural polymers (gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and methacrylated kappa carrageenan (MκCA)) reinforced with 2D nanosilicates to mimic the native tissue interface. The addition of nanosilicates results in shear-thinning characteristics of prepolymer solution and increases the mechanical stiffness of crosslinked gradient structure. A gradient in mechanical properties, microstructures and cell adhesion characteristics was obtained using a microengineered flow channel. The gradient structure can be used to understand cell-matrix interactions and to design gradient scaffolds for mimicking tissue interfaces.
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Endosteal-like extracellular matrix expression on melt electrospun written scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2017; 52:145-158. [PMID: 28017869 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering technology platforms constitute a unique opportunity to integrate cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins into scaffolds and matrices that mimic the natural microenvironment in vitro. The development of tissue-engineered 3D models that mimic the endosteal microenvironment enables researchers to discover the causes and improve treatments for blood and immune-related diseases. The aim of this study was to establish a physiologically relevant in vitro model using 3D printed scaffolds to assess the contribution of human cells to the formation of a construct that mimics human endosteum. Melt electrospun written scaffolds were used to compare the suitability of primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) and placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (plMSCs) in (non-)osteogenic conditions and with different surface treatments. Using osteogenic conditions, hOBs secreted a dense ECM with enhanced deposition of endosteal proteins, such as fibronectin and vitronectin, and osteogenic markers, such as osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase, compared to plMSCs. The expression patterns of these proteins were reproducibly identified in hOBs derived from three individual donors. Calcium phosphate-coated scaffolds induced the expression of osteocalcin by hOBs when maintained in osteogenic conditions. The tissue-engineered endosteal microenvironment supported the growth and migration of primary human haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) when compared to HSCs maintained using tissue culture plastic. This 3D testing platform represents an endosteal bone-like tissue and warrants future investigation for the maintenance and expansion of human HSCs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work is motivated by the recent interest in melt electrospinning writing, a 3D printing technique used to produce porous scaffolds for biomedical applications in regenerative medicine. Our team has been among the pioneers in building a new class of melt electrospinning devices for scaffold-based tissue engineering. These scaffolds allow structural support for various cell types to invade and deposit their own ECM, mimicking a characteristic 3D microenvironment for experimental studies. We used melt electrospun written polycaprolactone scaffolds to develop an endosteal bone-like tissue that promotes the growth of HSCs. We combine tissue engineering concepts with cell biology and stem cell research to design a physiologically relevant niche that is of prime interest to the scientific community.
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Regulating dynamic signaling between hematopoietic stem cells and niche cells via a hydrogel matrix. Biomaterials 2017; 125:54-64. [PMID: 28231508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) reside in unique bone marrow niches and are influenced by signals from surrounding cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM), ECM-bound or diffusible biomolecules. Here we describe the use of a three-dimensional hydrogel to alter the balance of HSC-generated autocrine feedback and paracrine signals generated by co-cultured niche-associated cells. We report shifts in HSC proliferation rate and fate specification in the presence of lineage positive (Lin+) niche cells. Hydrogels promoting autocrine feedback enhanced expansion of early hematopoietic progenitors while paracrine signals from Lin+ cells increased myeloid differentiation. We report thresholds where autocrine vs. paracrine cues alter HSC fate transitions, and were able to selectively abrogate the effects of matrix diffusivity and niche cell co-culture via the use of inhibitory cocktails of autocrine or paracrine signals. Together, these results suggest diffusive biotransport in three-dimensional biomaterials are a critical design element for the development of a synthetic stem cell niche.
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