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Garg A, Alfatease A, Hani U, Haider N, Akbar MJ, Talath S, Angolkar M, Paramshetti S, Osmani RAM, Gundawar R. Drug eluting protein and polysaccharides-based biofunctionalized fabric textiles- pioneering a new frontier in tissue engineering: An extensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131605. [PMID: 38641284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
In the ever-evolving landscape of tissue engineering, medicated biotextiles have emerged as a game-changer. These remarkable textiles have garnered significant attention for their ability to craft tissue scaffolds that closely mimic the properties of natural tissues. This comprehensive review delves into the realm of medicated protein and polysaccharide-based biotextiles, exploring a diverse array of fabric materials. We unravel the intricate web of fabrication methods, ranging from weft/warp knitting to plain/stain weaving and braiding, each lending its unique touch to the world of biotextiles creation. Fibre production techniques, such as melt spinning, wet/gel spinning, and multicomponent spinning, are demystified to shed light on the magic behind these ground-breaking textiles. The biotextiles thus crafted exhibit exceptional physical and chemical properties that hold immense promise in the field of tissue engineering (TE). Our review underscores the myriad applications of drug-eluting protein and polysaccharide-based textiles, including TE, tissue repair, regeneration, and wound healing. Additionally, we delve into commercially available products that harness the potential of medicated biotextiles, paving the way for a brighter future in healthcare and regenerative medicine. Step into the world of innovation with medicated biotextiles-where science meets the art of healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankitha Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Adel Alfatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nazima Haider
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad J Akbar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sirajunisa Talath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohit Angolkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharanya Paramshetti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Riyaz Ali M Osmani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ravi Gundawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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2
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Kennedy O, Kitson A, Okpara C, Chow LW, Gonzalez-Fernandez T. Immunomodulatory Strategies for Cartilage Regeneration in Osteoarthritis. Tissue Eng Part A 2024; 30:259-271. [PMID: 38126327 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder and a leading cause of disability globally. Although many efforts have been made to treat this condition, current tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine strategies fail to address the inflammatory tissue environment that leads to the rapid progression of the disease and prevents cartilage tissue formation. First, this review addresses in detail the current anti-inflammatory therapies for OA with a special emphasis on pharmacological approaches, gene therapy, and mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) intra-articular administration, and discusses the reasons behind the limited clinical success of these approaches at enabling cartilage regeneration. Then, we analyze the state-of-the-art TE strategies and how they can be improved by incorporating immunomodulatory capabilities such as the optimization of biomaterial composition, porosity and geometry, and the loading of anti-inflammatory molecules within an engineered structure. Finally, the review discusses the future directions for the new generation of TE strategies for OA treatment, specifically focusing on the spatiotemporal modulation of anti-inflammatory agent presentation to allow for tailored patient-specific therapies. Impact statement Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and debilitating musculoskeletal disorder affecting millions worldwide. Despite significant advancements in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering (TE), mitigating inflammation while simultaneously promoting cartilage tissue regeneration in OA remains elusive. In this review article, we discuss current anti-inflammatory therapies and explore their potential synergy with cutting-edge cartilage TE strategies, with a special focus on novel spatiotemporal and patient-specific anti-inflammatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlaith Kennedy
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Kitson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chiebuka Okpara
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lesley W Chow
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Sun Y, Jo JI, Hashimoto Y. Evaluation of Osteogenic Potential for Rat Adipose-Derived Stem Cells under Xeno-Free Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17532. [PMID: 38139360 PMCID: PMC10744054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a novel culture method for rat adipose-derived stem cells (rADSC) and evaluate their osteogenic potential. The rADSC cultured in xeno-free culture medium (XF-rADSCs) or conventional culture medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS-rADSCs) were combined with micropieces of xeno-free recombinant collagen peptide to form 3-dimensional aggregates (XF-rADSC-CellSaic or FBS-rADSC-CellSaic). Both FBS-rADSC and XF-ADSC in CellSaic exhibited multilineage differentiation potential. Compared to FBS-rADSC-CellSaic, XF-rADSC-CellSaic accelerated and promoted osteogenic differentiation in vitro. When transplanted into rat mandibular congenital bone defects, the osteogenically differentiated XF-rADSC-CellSaic induced regeneration of bone tissue with a highly maturated structure compared to FBS-rADSC-CellSaic. In conclusion, XF-rADSC-CellSaic is a feasible 3-dimensional platform for efficient bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun-Ichiro Jo
- Department of Biomaterials, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.H.)
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Abstract
Despite rigorous investigations, the hydrogels currently available to replace damaged tissues, such as the cornea, cannot fulfill mechanical and structural requirements and, more importantly, cannot be sutured into host tissues due to the lack of hierarchical structures to dissipate exerted stress. In this report, solution electrospinning of polycaprolactone (PCL), protein-based hydrogel perfusion, and layer-by-layer stacking are used to generate a hydrogel-microfiber composite with varying PCL fiber diameters and hydrogel concentrations. Integrating PCL microfibers into the hydrogel synergistically improves the mechanical properties and suturability of the construct up to 10-fold and 50-fold, respectively, compared to the hydrogel and microfiber scaffolds alone, approaching those of the corneal tissue. Human corneal cells cultured on composites are viable and can spread, proliferate, and retain phenotypic characteristics. Moreover, corneal stromal cells migrate into the scaffold, degrade it, and regenerate the extracellular matrix. The current hydrogel reinforcing system paves the way for producing suturable and, therefore, transplantable tissue constructs with desired mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sharifi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts02114, United States
| | - Hannah Sharifi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts02114, United States
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5
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Guilak F, Estes BT, Moutos FT. Functional tissue engineering of articular cartilage for biological joint resurfacing-The 2021 Elizabeth Winston Lanier Kappa Delta Award. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:1721-1734. [PMID: 34812518 PMCID: PMC9124734 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological resurfacing of entire articular surfaces represents a challenging strategy for the treatment of cartilage degeneration that occurs in osteoarthritis. Not only does this approach require anatomically sized and functional engineered cartilage, but the inflammatory environment within an arthritic joint may also inhibit chondrogenesis and induce degradation of native and engineered cartilage. Here, we present the culmination of multiple avenues of interdisciplinary research leading to the development and testing of bioartificial cartilage for tissue-engineered resurfacing of the hip joint. The work is based on a novel three-dimensional weaving technology that is infiltrated with specific bioinductive materials and/or genetically-engineered stem cells. A variety of design approaches have been tested in vitro, showing biomimetic cartilage-like properties as well as the capability for long-term tunable and inducible drug delivery. Importantly, these cartilage constructs have the potential to provide mechanical functionality immediately upon implantation, as they will need to replace a majority, if not the entire joint surface to restore function. To date, these approaches have shown excellent preclinical success in a variety of animal studies, including the resurfacing of a large osteochondral defect in the canine hip, and are now well-poised for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA,Cytex Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, NC, USA
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Kiyotake EA, Cheng ME, Thomas EE, Detamore MS. The Rheology and Printability of Cartilage Matrix-Only Biomaterials. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060846. [PMID: 35740971 PMCID: PMC9220845 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential chondroinductivity from cartilage matrix makes it promising for cartilage repair; however, cartilage matrix-based hydrogels developed thus far have failed to match the mechanical performance of native cartilage or be bioprinted without adding polymers for reinforcement. There is a need for cartilage matrix-based hydrogels with robust mechanical performance and paste-like precursor rheology for bioprinting/enhanced surgical placement. In the current study, our goals were to increase hydrogel stiffness and develop the paste-like precursor/printability of our methacryl-modified solubilized and devitalized cartilage (MeSDVC) hydrogels. We compared two methacryloylating reagents, methacrylic anhydride (MA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GM), and varied the molar excess (ME) of MA from 2 to 20. The MA-modified MeSDVCs had greater methacryloylation than GM-modified MeSDVC (20 ME). While GM and most of the MA hydrogel precursors exhibited paste-like rheology, the 2 ME MA and GM MeSDVCs had the best printability (i.e., shape fidelity, filament collapse). After crosslinking, the 2 ME MA MeSDVC had the highest stiffness (1.55 ± 0.23 MPa), approaching the modulus of native cartilage, and supported the viability/adhesion of seeded cells for 15 days. Overall, the MA (2 ME) improved methacryloylation, hydrogel stiffness, and printability, resulting in a stand-alone MeSDVC printable biomaterial. The MeSDVC has potential as a future bioink and has future clinical relevance for cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi A. Kiyotake
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Michael E. Cheng
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Emily E. Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Michael S. Detamore
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.E.C.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Implication of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derivates for Osteochondral Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052490. [PMID: 35269633 PMCID: PMC8910214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Healing of articular cartilage defects presents a challenging issue, due to its regenerative shortcomings. Lacking vascularity and innervation of cartilage and low proliferative potential of chondrocytes are the main reasons for the limited healing potential of articular cartilage. Traditional reparative approaches are limited in their efficiency, hence there is a demand for novel reparative treatments. Mesenchymal stromal cells, preferred for clinical uses, can be readily derived from various sources and have been proven to have a therapeutic effect on cartilage and subchondral bone. Therefore, mesenchymal stromal cells, their derivates, and scaffolds have been utilized in research targeting osteochondral regeneration. The present review aims to comprehensively outline and discuss literature considering this topic published within last 5 years.
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Estes BT, Enomoto M, Moutos FT, Carson MA, Toth JM, Eggert P, Stallrich J, Willard VP, Veis DJ, Little D, Guilak F, Lascelles BDX. Biological resurfacing in a canine model of hip osteoarthritis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi5918. [PMID: 34524840 PMCID: PMC8443182 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi5918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage has unique load-bearing properties but has minimal capacity for intrinsic repair. Here, we used three-dimensional weaving, additive manufacturing, and autologous mesenchymal stem cells to create a tissue-engineered, bicomponent implant to restore hip function in a canine hip osteoarthritis model. This resorbable implant was specifically designed to function mechanically from the time of repair and to biologically integrate with native tissues for long-term restoration. A massive osteochondral lesion was created in the hip of skeletally mature hounds and repaired with the implant or left empty (control). Longitudinal outcome measures over 6 months demonstrated that the implant dogs returned to normal preoperative values of pain and function. Anatomical structure and functional biomechanical properties were also restored in the implanted dogs. Control animals never returned to normal and exhibited structurally deficient repair. This study provides clinically relevant evidence that the bicomponent implant may be a potential therapy for moderate hip osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masataka Enomoto
- Translational Research in Pain Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Megan A. Carson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Peter Eggert
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jonathan Stallrich
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Deborah J. Veis
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dianne Little
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Cytex Therapeutics Inc., Durham, NC, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children—St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - B. Duncan X. Lascelles
- Translational Research in Pain Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Comparative Pain Research and Education Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Thurston Arthritis Center, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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9
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Islam MS, Afrin S, Singh B, Jayes FL, Brennan JT, Borahay MA, Leppert PC, Segars JH. Extracellular matrix and Hippo signaling as therapeutic targets of antifibrotic compounds for uterine fibroids. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e475. [PMID: 34323413 PMCID: PMC8255059 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine fibroids are highly prevalent, collagen-rich, mechanically stiff, fibrotic tumors for which new therapeutic options are needed. Increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness activates mechanical signaling and Hippo/YAP promoting fibroid growth, but no prior studies have tested either as a therapeutic target. We tested the hypothesis that injection of a purified form of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) that selectively digests type I and type III collagens would alter ECM stiffness, Hippo signaling, and selectively reduce fibroid cell growth. We also used two FDA-approved drugs, verteporfin and nintedanib, to elucidate the role of Hippo/YAP signaling in uterine fibroid and myometrial cells. METHODS The clinical trial was registered (NCT02889848). Stiffness of samples was measured by rheometry. Protein expression in surgical samples was analyzed via immunofluorescence. Protein and gene expression in uterine fibroid or myometrial cell lines were measured by real time PCR and western blot, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Injection of CCH at high doses (0.1-0.2 mg/cm3 ) into fibroids resulted in a 46% reduction in stiffness in injected fibroids compared to controls after 60 days. Levels of the cell proliferation marker proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were decreased in fibroids 60 days after injection at high doses of CCH. Key Hippo signaling factors, specifically the transcriptionally inactive phosphorylated YAP (p-YAP), was increased at high CCH doses, supporting the role of YAP in fibroid growth. Furthermore, inhibition of YAP via verteporfin (YAP inhibitor) decreased cell proliferation, gene and protein expression of key factors promoting fibrosis and mechanotransduction in fibroid cells. Additionally, the anti-fibrotic drug, nintedanib, inhibited YAP and showed anti-fibrotic effects. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that in vivo injection of collagenase into uterine fibroids led to a reduction in Hippo/YAP signaling and crucial genes and pathways involved in fibroid growth. These results indicate that targeting ECM stiffness and Hippo signaling might be an effective strategy for uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Soriful Islam
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health ResearchJohns Hopkins MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health ResearchJohns Hopkins MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Bhuchitra Singh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health ResearchJohns Hopkins MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Friederike L. Jayes
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Joshua T. Brennan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health ResearchJohns Hopkins MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Mostafa A. Borahay
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health ResearchJohns Hopkins MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Phyllis C. Leppert
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - James H. Segars
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Sciences & Women's Health ResearchJohns Hopkins MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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10
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Jiao Y, Li C, Liu L, Wang F, Liu X, Mao J, Wang L. Construction and application of textile-based tissue engineering scaffolds: a review. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3574-3600. [PMID: 32555780 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00157k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) provides a practicable method for tissue and organ repair or substitution. As the most important component of TE, a scaffold plays a critical role in providing a growing environment for cell proliferation and functional differentiation as well as good mechanical support. And the restorative effects are greatly dependent upon the nature of the scaffold including the composition, morphology, structure, and mechanical performance. Medical textiles have been widely employed in the clinic for a long time and are being extensively investigated as TE scaffolds. However, unfortunately, the advantages of textile technology cannot be fully exploited in tissue regeneration due to the ignoring of the diversity of fabric structures. Therefore, this review focuses on textile-based scaffolds, emphasizing the significance of the fabric design and the resultant characteristics of cell behavior and extracellular matrix reconstruction. The structure and mechanical behavior of the fabrics constructed by various textile techniques for different tissue repairs are summarized. Furthermore, the prospect of structural design in the TE scaffold preparation was anticipated, including profiled fibers and some unique and complex textile structures. Hopefully, the readers of this review would appreciate the importance of structural design of the scaffold and the usefulness of textile-based TE scaffolds in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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11
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Fallahi A, Yazdi IK, Serex L, Lesha E, Faramarzi N, Tarlan F, Avci H, Costa-Almeida R, Sharifi F, Rinoldi C, Gomes ME, Shin SR, Khademhosseini A, Akbari M, Tamayol A. Customizable Composite Fibers for Engineering Skeletal Muscle Models. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1112-1123. [PMID: 33464853 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineering tissue-like scaffolds that can mimic the microstructure, architecture, topology, and mechanical properties of native tissues while offering an excellent environment for cellular growth has remained an unmet need. To address these challenges, multicompartment composite fibers are fabricated. These fibers can be assembled through textile processes to tailor tissue-level mechanical and electrical properties independent of cellular level components. Textile technologies also allow control of the distribution of different cell types and the microstructure of fabricated constructs and the direction of cellular growth within the 3D microenvironment. Here, we engineered composite fibers from biocompatible cores and biologically relevant hydrogel sheaths. The fibers are mechanically robust to being assembled using textile processes and could support adhesion, proliferation, and maturation of cell populations important for the engineering of skeletal muscles. We also demonstrated that the changes in the coating of the multicompartment fibers could potentially enhance myogenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoon Fallahi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Iman K Yazdi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ludovic Serex
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emal Lesha
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Negar Faramarzi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Farhang Tarlan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Huseyin Avci
- Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Raquel Costa-Almeida
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fatemeh Sharifi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chiara Rinoldi
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 02-507, Poland
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Avepark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Radiology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Center of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8, Canada
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 68508, United States.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 06030, United States
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12
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Chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells on the [devitalized costal cartilage matrix/poly(vinyl alcohol)/fibrin] hybrid scaffolds. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Larson BL, Yu SN, Park H, Estes BT, Moutos FT, Bloomquist CJ, Wu PB, Welter JF, Langer R, Guilak F, Freed LE. Chondrogenic, hypertrophic, and osteochondral differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on three-dimensionally woven scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1453-1465. [PMID: 31115161 DOI: 10.1002/term.2899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of mechanically functional cartilage and bone tissue constructs of clinically relevant size, as well as their integration with native tissues, remains an important challenge for regenerative medicine. The objective of this study was to assess adult human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in large, three-dimensionally woven poly(ε-caprolactone; PCL) scaffolds in proximity to viable bone, both in a nude rat subcutaneous pouch model and under simulated conditions in vitro. In Study I, various scaffold permutations-PCL alone, PCL-bone, "point-of-care" seeded MSC-PCL-bone, and chondrogenically precultured Ch-MSC-PCL-bone constructs-were implanted in a dorsal, ectopic pouch in a nude rat. After 8 weeks, only cells in the Ch-MSC-PCL constructs exhibited both chondrogenic and osteogenic gene expression profiles. Notably, although both tissue profiles were present, constructs that had been chondrogenically precultured prior to implantation showed a loss of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) as well as the presence of mineralization along with the formation of trabecula-like structures. In Study II of the study, the GAG loss and mineralization observed in Study I in vivo were recapitulated in vitro by the presence of either nearby bone or osteogenic culture medium additives but were prevented by a continued presence of chondrogenic medium additives. These data suggest conditions under which adult human stem cells in combination with polymer scaffolds synthesize functional and phenotypically distinct tissues based on the environmental conditions and highlight the potential influence that paracrine factors from adjacent bone may have on MSC fate, once implanted in vivo for chondral or osteochondral repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Larson
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sarah N Yu
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Hyoungshin Park
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | - Patrick B Wu
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jean F Welter
- Skeletal Research Center and Case Center for Multimodal Evaluation of Engineered Cartilage, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Robert Langer
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Cytex Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, NC.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lisa E Freed
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, and Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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14
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Sensini A, Cristofolini L. Biofabrication of Electrospun Scaffolds for the Regeneration of Tendons and Ligaments. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1963. [PMID: 30322082 PMCID: PMC6213815 DOI: 10.3390/ma11101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tendon and ligament tissue regeneration and replacement are complex since scaffolds need to guarantee an adequate hierarchical structured morphology, and non-linear mechanical properties. Moreover, to guide the cells' proliferation and tissue re-growth, scaffolds must provide a fibrous texture mimicking the typical of the arrangement of the collagen in the extracellular matrix of these tissues. Among the different techniques to produce scaffolds, electrospinning is one of the most promising, thanks to its ability to produce fibers of nanometric size. This manuscript aims to provide an overview to researchers approaching the field of repair and regeneration of tendons and ligaments. To clarify the general requirements of electrospun scaffolds, the first part of this manuscript presents a general overview concerning tendons' and ligaments' structure and mechanical properties. The different types of polymers, blends and particles most frequently used for tendon and ligament tissue engineering are summarized. Furthermore, the focus of the review is on describing the different possible electrospinning setups and processes to obtain different nanofibrous structures, such as mats, bundles, yarns and more complex hierarchical assemblies. Finally, an overview concerning how these technologies are exploited to produce electrospun scaffolds for tendon and ligament tissue applications is reported together with the main findings and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sensini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luca Cristofolini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy.
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
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15
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Friedman JM, Sennett ML, Bonadio MB, Orji KO, Neuwirth AL, Keah N, Carey JL, Moutos FT, Estes BT, Guilak F, Madry H, Mauck RL, Dodge GR. Comparison of Fixation Techniques of 3D-Woven Poly(ϵ-Caprolactone) Scaffolds for Cartilage Repair in a Weightbearing Porcine Large Animal Model. Cartilage 2018; 9:428-437. [PMID: 28397530 PMCID: PMC6139593 DOI: 10.1177/1947603517700953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To test different fixation methods of a 3-dimensionally woven poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold within chondral defects of a weightbearing large animal model. Methods Full thickness chondral defects were made in the femoral condyles of 15 adult male Yucatan mini-pigs. Two surgical approaches were compared including total arthrotomy (traditional) and a retinaculum-sparing, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approach. Following microfracture (MFX), scaffolds were placed without fixation or were fixed with fibrin glue, suture, or subchondral anchor. Experimental endpoints were between 1 and 6 weeks. Micro-computed tomography and histology were used to assess samples. Results The MIS approach was superior as the traditional approach caused medial condyle cartilage wear. One of 13 (7.7%) of scaffolds without fixation, 4 of 11 (36.3%) fibrin scaffolds, 1 of 4 (25%) of sutured scaffolds, and 9 of 9 (100%) of anchor-fixed scaffolds remained in place. Histology demonstrated tissue filling with some overgrowth of PCL scaffolds. Conclusions Of the methods tested, the MIS approach coupled with subchondral anchor fixation provided the best scaffold retention in a mini-pig chondral defect model. This finding has implications for fixation strategies in future animal studies and potential future human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Friedman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay
Orthopaedic Research Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research
Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mackenzie L. Sennett
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay
Orthopaedic Research Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research
Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcelo B. Bonadio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kerry O. Orji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay
Orthopaedic Research Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander L. Neuwirth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay
Orthopaedic Research Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Niobra Keah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay
Orthopaedic Research Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James L. Carey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay
Orthopaedic Research Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Farshid Guilak
- Cytex Therapeutics, Durham, NC,
USA,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Washington University in St. Louis and Shriners Hospitals for Children–St. Louis,
St. Louis, MO, USA,Collaborative Research Partnership–Acute
Cartilage Injury Program, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Henning Madry
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Saarland University Medical Center, Homberg/Saar, Germany,Collaborative Research Partnership–Acute
Cartilage Injury Program, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay
Orthopaedic Research Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research
Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Collaborative Research Partnership–Acute
Cartilage Injury Program, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland
| | - George R. Dodge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay
Orthopaedic Research Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Translational Musculoskeletal Research
Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Collaborative Research Partnership–Acute
Cartilage Injury Program, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland,George R. Dodge, Department of Orthopaedic
Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Lab, University of Pennsylvania, 424
Stemmler Hall, 36th Street & Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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16
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Moffat KL, Goon K, Moutos FT, Estes BT, Oswald SJ, Zhao X, Guilak F. Composite Cellularized Structures Created from an Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogel Reinforced by a 3D Woven Scaffold. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800140. [PMID: 30040175 PMCID: PMC6687075 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial scaffolds play multiple roles in cartilage tissue engineering, including controlling architecture of newly formed tissue while facilitating growth of embedded cells and simultaneously providing functional properties to withstand the mechanical environment within the native joint. In particular, hydrogels-with high water content and desirable transport properties-while highly conducive to chondrogenesis, often lack functional mechanical properties. In this regard, interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels can provide mechanical toughness greatly exceeding that of individual components; however, many IPN materials are not biocompatible for cell encapsulation. In this study, an agarose and poly(ethylene) glycol IPN hydrogel is seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Results show high viability of MSCs within the IPN hydrogel, with improved mechanical properties compared to constructs comprised of individual components. These properties are further strengthened by integrating the hydrogel with a 3D woven structure. The resulting fiber-reinforced hydrogels display functional macroscopic mechanical properties mimicking those of native articular cartilage, while providing a local microenvironment that supports cellular viability and function. These findings suggest that a fiber-reinforced IPN hydrogel can support stem cell chondrogenesis while allowing for significantly enhanced, complex mechanical properties at multiple scales as compared to individual hydrogel or fiber components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Moffat
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kelsey Goon
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | | | | | - Sara J Oswald
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Cytex Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, NC, 27704, USA
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17
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Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem cells in a 3D Woven Scaffold. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10457. [PMID: 29993043 PMCID: PMC6041290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fiber-based scaffolds produced by textile manufacturing technology offer versatile materials for tissue engineering applications since a wide range of crucial scaffold parameters, including porosity, pore size and interconnectivity, can be accurately controlled using 3D weaving. In this study, we developed a weavable, bioactive biodegradable composite fiber from poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and hydroxyapatite powder by melt spinning. Subsequently, scaffolds of these fibers were fabricated by 3D weaving. The differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro was studied on the 3D scaffolds and compared with differentiation on 2D substrates having the same material composition. Our data showed that the 3D woven scaffolds have a major impact on hMSCs proliferation and activation. The 3D architecture supports the differentiation of the hMSCs into osteoblast cells and enhances the production of mineralized bone matrix. The present study further confirms that a 3D scaffold promotes hMSCs differentiation into the osteoblast–lineage and bone mineralization.
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18
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Sun Y, Yan L, Chen S, Pei M. Functionality of decellularized matrix in cartilage regeneration: A comparison of tissue versus cell sources. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:56-73. [PMID: 29702288 PMCID: PMC7307012 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that decellularized extracellular matrices (dECMs) derived from cartilage tissues (T-dECMs) or chondrocytes/stem cells (C-dECMs) can support proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of cartilage-forming cells. However, few review papers compare the differences between these dECMs when they serve as substrates for cartilage regeneration. In this review, after an introduction of cartilage immunogenicity and decellularization methods to prepare T-dECMs and C-dECMs, a comprehensive comparison focuses on the effects of T-dECMs and C-dECMs on proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of chondrocytes/stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Key factors within dECMs, consisting of microarchitecture characteristics and micromechanical properties as well as retained insoluble and soluble matrix components, are discussed in-depth for potential mechanisms underlying the functionality of these dECMs in regulating chondrogenesis. With this information, we hope to benefit dECM based cartilage engineering and tissue regeneration for future clinical application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The use of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is becoming a promising approach for tissue engineering and regeneration. Compared to dECM derived from cartilage tissue, recently reported dECM from cell sources exhibits a distinct role in cell based cartilage regeneration. In this review paper, for the first time, tissue and cell based dECMs are comprehensively compared for their functionality in cartilage regeneration. This information is expected to provide an update for dECM based cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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19
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Bas O, Catelas I, De-Juan-Pardo EM, Hutmacher DW. The quest for mechanically and biologically functional soft biomaterials via soft network composites. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:214-234. [PMID: 30048654 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Developing multifunctional soft biomaterials capable of addressing all the requirements of the complex tissue regeneration process is a multifaceted problem. In order to tackle the current challenges, recent research efforts are increasingly being directed towards biomimetic design concepts that can be translated into soft biomaterials via advanced manufacturing technologies. Among those, soft network composites consisting of a continuous hydrogel matrix and a reinforcing fibrous network closely resemble native soft biological materials in terms of design and composition as well as physicochemical properties. This article reviews soft network composite systems with a particular emphasis on the design, biomaterial and fabrication aspects within the context of soft tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Bas
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Isabelle Catelas
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Elena M De-Juan-Pardo
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia; School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty (SEF), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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20
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Day JR, David A, Kim J, Farkash EA, Cascalho M, Milašinović N, Shikanov A. The impact of functional groups of poly(ethylene glycol) macromers on the physical properties of photo-polymerized hydrogels and the local inflammatory response in the host. Acta Biomater 2018; 67:42-52. [PMID: 29242160 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can be functionalized and modified with various moieties allowing for a multitude of cross-linking chemistries. Here, we investigate how vinyl sulfone, acrylate, and maleimide functional end groups affect hydrogel formation, physical properties, viability of encapsulated cells, post-polymerization modification, and inflammatory response of the host. We have shown that PEG-VS hydrogels, in the presence of a co-monomer, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP), form more efficiently than PEG-Ac and PEG-Mal hydrogels, resulting in superior physical properties after 6 min of ultraviolet light exposure. PEG-VS hydrogels exhibited hydrolytic stability and non-fouling characteristics, as well as the ability to be modified with biological motifs, such as RGD, after polymerization. Additionally, unmodified PEG-VS hydrogels resulted in lesser inflammatory response, cellular infiltration, and macrophage recruitment after implantation for 28 days in mice. These findings show that altering the end group chemistry of PEG macromer impacts characteristics of the photo-polymerized network. We have developed a tunable non-degradable PEG system that is conducive for cell or tissue encapsulation and evokes a minimal inflammatory response, which could be utilized for future immunoisolation applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The objective of this study was to develop a tunable non-degradable PEG system that is conducive for encapsulation and evokes a minimal inflammatory response, which could be utilized for immunoisolation applications. This study has demonstrated that reactive functional groups of the PEG macromers impact free radical mediated network formation. Here, we show PEG-VS hydrogels meet the design criteria for an immunoisolating device as PEG-VS hydrogels form efficiently via photo-polymerization, impacting bulk properties, was stable in physiological conditions, and elicited a minimal inflammatory response. Further, NVP can be added to the precursor solution to expedite the cross-linking process without impacting cellular response upon encapsulation. These findings present an additional approach/chemistry to encapsulate cells or tissue for immunoisolation applications.
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21
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Armiento AR, Stoddart MJ, Alini M, Eglin D. Biomaterials for articular cartilage tissue engineering: Learning from biology. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:1-20. [PMID: 29128537 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is commonly described as a tissue that is made of up to 80% water, is devoid of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics, and is populated by only one cell type, the chondrocyte. At first glance, an easy tissue for clinicians to repair and for scientists to reproduce in a laboratory. Yet, chondral and osteochondral defects currently remain an open challenge in orthopedics and tissue engineering of the musculoskeletal system, without considering osteoarthritis. Why do we fail in repairing and regenerating articular cartilage? Behind its simple and homogenous appearance, articular cartilage hides a heterogeneous composition, a high level of organisation and specific biomechanical properties that, taken together, make articular cartilage a unique material that we are not yet able to repair or reproduce with high fidelity. This review highlights the available therapies for cartilage repair and retraces the research on different biomaterials developed for tissue engineering strategies. Their potential to recreate the structure, including composition and organisation, as well as the function of articular cartilage, intended as cell microenvironment and mechanically competent replacement, is described. A perspective of the limitations of the current research is given in the light of the emerging technologies supporting tissue engineering of articular cartilage. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The mechanical properties of articular tissue reflect its functionally organised composition and the recreation of its structure challenges the success of in vitro and in vivo reproduction of the native cartilage. Tissue engineering and biomaterials science have revolutionised the way scientists approach the challenge of articular cartilage repair and regeneration by introducing the concept of the interdisciplinary approach. The clinical translation of the current approaches are not yet fully successful, but promising results are expected from the emerging and developing new generation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Armiento
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland.
| | - M J Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland; University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - M Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland.
| | - D Eglin
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Switzerland.
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22
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Decellularized Adipose Tissue Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Regeneration and Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cell Delivery. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1773:53-71. [PMID: 29687381 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7799-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Surgically discarded adipose tissue is not only an abundant source of multipotent adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) but can also be decellularized to obtain a biomimetic microenvironment for tissue engineering applications. The decellularization methods involve processing excised fat through a series of chemical, mechanical, and enzymatic treatment stages designed to extract cells, cellular components, and lipid from the tissues. This process yields a complex 3D bioscaffold enriched in collagens that mimics the biochemical and biomechanical properties of the native extracellular matrix (ECM). For ASC culture and delivery, decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) provides a cell-supportive platform that is conducive to adipogenesis. While DAT can be applied in its intact form as an off-the-shelf adipogenic matrix, it can also be used as an ECM source for the fabrication of an array of other scaffold formats including adipose ECM-derived microcarriers and porous foams. In this chapter, we describe the methods developed in our lab to decellularize human adipose tissue and to further process it into a variety of scaffolding materials for a range of applications in soft tissue regeneration, wound healing, and cell culture.
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23
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Ghassemi T, Saghatolslami N, Matin MM, Gheshlaghi R, Moradi A. CNT-decellularized cartilage hybrids for tissue engineering applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:065008. [PMID: 28777076 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa8435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An optimized scaffold with adaptable architectural and biochemical properties is a goal for articular cartilage (AC) repair. A mechanically enhanced decellularized AC can be an optimistic ECM-derived scaffold. In this study, reinforced decellularized bovine AC was evaluated as a potential scaffold for cartilage repair applications. Individually dispersed single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated into chemically decellularized bovine AC samples. The mechanical and thermodynamic properties as well as the biocompatibility of the samples were evaluated by a compressive test, SEM, AFM, FTIR, TGA, DSC and a resazurin test. The Young's modulus of the CNT-incorporated samples (0.67 ± 0.09 MPa) was significantly higher compared to the decellularized ones (0.43 ± 0.06 MPa) (P = 0.001). A higher cell proliferation in the resazurin reduction test after 7 days in culture with human-adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) (P < 0.001) was reconfirmed with SEM. FTIR, TGA and DSC confirmed the higher stability when CNT was incorporated into the decellularized AC samples. Our findings indicate that the incorporation of CNTs can substantially enhance the mechanical properties of decellularized AC while retaining its biocompatibility, hence suggesting CNT-incorporated decellularized AC as potential scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Ghassemi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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24
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Yang Q, Teng BH, Wang LN, Li K, Xu C, Ma XL, Zhang Y, Kong DL, Wang LY, Zhao YH. Silk fibroin/cartilage extracellular matrix scaffolds with sequential delivery of TGF-β3 for chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6721-6733. [PMID: 28932116 PMCID: PMC5600265 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s141888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3-D scaffold that simulates the microenvironment in vivo for regenerating cartilage is ideal. In this study, we combined silk fibroin and decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix by temperature gradient-guided thermal-induced phase separation to produce composite scaffolds (S/D). Resulting scaffolds had remarkable mechanical properties and biomimeticstructure, for a suitable substrate for attachment and proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Moreover, transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3) loaded on scaffolds showed a controlled release profile and enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs during the 28-day culture. The S/D scaffold itself can provide a sustained release system without the introduction of other controlled release media, which has potential for commercial and clinical applications. The results of toluidine blue, Safranin O, and immunohistochemical staining and analysis of collagen II expression showed maintenance of a chondrogenic phenotype in all scaffolds after 28-day culture. The most obvious phenomenon was with the addition of TGF-β3. S/D composite scaffolds with sequential delivery of TGF-β3 may mimic the regenerative microenvironment to enhance the chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Hong Teng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Long Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ling Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Yong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Zhao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Kiyotake EA, Beck EC, Detamore MS. Cartilage extracellular matrix as a biomaterial for cartilage regeneration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1383:139-159. [PMID: 27870078 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of various tissues possesses the model characteristics that biomaterials for tissue engineering strive to mimic; however, owing to the intricate hierarchical nature of the ECM, it has yet to be fully characterized and synthetically fabricated. Cartilage repair remains a challenge because the intrinsic properties that enable its durability and long-lasting function also impede regeneration. In the last decade, cartilage ECM has emerged as a promising biomaterial for regenerating cartilage, partly because of its potentially chondroinductive nature. As this research area of cartilage matrix-based biomaterials emerged, investigators facing similar challenges consequently developed convergent solutions in constructing robust and bioactive scaffolds. This review discusses the challenges, emerging trends, and future directions of cartilage ECM scaffolds, including a comparison between two different forms of cartilage matrix: decellularized cartilage (DCC) and devitalized cartilage (DVC). To overcome the low permeability of cartilage matrix, physical fragmentation greatly enhances decellularization, although the process itself may reduce the chondroinductivity of fabricated scaffolds. The less complex processing of a scaffold composed of DVC, which has not been decellularized, appears to have translational advantages and potential chondroinductive and mechanical advantages over DCC, without detrimental immunogenicity, to ultimately enhance cartilage repair in a clinically relevant way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi A Kiyotake
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
| | - Emily C Beck
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael S Detamore
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma
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Hendrikson WJ, van Blitterswijk CA, Rouwkema J, Moroni L. The Use of Finite Element Analyses to Design and Fabricate Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Skeletal Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:30. [PMID: 28567371 PMCID: PMC5434139 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational modeling has been increasingly applied to the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Where in early days computational models were used to better understand the biomechanical requirements of targeted tissues to be regenerated, recently, more and more models are formulated to combine such biomechanical requirements with cell fate predictions to aid in the design of functional three-dimensional scaffolds. In this review, we highlight how computational modeling has been used to understand the mechanisms behind tissue formation and can be used for more rational and biomimetic scaffold-based tissue regeneration strategies. With a particular focus on musculoskeletal tissues, we discuss recent models attempting to predict cell activity in relation to specific mechanical and physical stimuli that can be applied to them through porous three-dimensional scaffolds. In doing so, we review the most common scaffold fabrication methods, with a critical view on those technologies that offer better properties to be more easily combined with computational modeling. Finally, we discuss how modeling, and in particular finite element analysis, can be used to optimize the design of scaffolds for skeletal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim. J. Hendrikson
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Clemens. A. van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
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27
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Pedde RD, Mirani B, Navaei A, Styan T, Wong S, Mehrali M, Thakur A, Mohtaram NK, Bayati A, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Nikkhah M, Willerth SM, Akbari M. Emerging Biofabrication Strategies for Engineering Complex Tissue Constructs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606061. [PMID: 28370405 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The demand for organ transplantation and repair, coupled with a shortage of available donors, poses an urgent clinical need for the development of innovative treatment strategies for long-term repair and regeneration of injured or diseased tissues and organs. Bioengineering organs, by growing patient-derived cells in biomaterial scaffolds in the presence of pertinent physicochemical signals, provides a promising solution to meet this demand. However, recapitulating the structural and cytoarchitectural complexities of native tissues in vitro remains a significant challenge to be addressed. Through tremendous efforts over the past decade, several innovative biofabrication strategies have been developed to overcome these challenges. This review highlights recent work on emerging three-dimensional bioprinting and textile techniques, compares the advantages and shortcomings of these approaches, outlines the use of common biomaterials and advanced hybrid scaffolds, and describes several design considerations including the structural, physical, biological, and economical parameters that are crucial for the fabrication of functional, complex, engineered tissues. Finally, the applications of these biofabrication strategies in neural, skin, connective, and muscle tissue engineering are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Daniel Pedde
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Bahram Mirani
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ali Navaei
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Tara Styan
- Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sarah Wong
- Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mehdi Mehrali
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Ashish Thakur
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Nima Khadem Mohtaram
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Armin Bayati
- Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering (SBHSE), Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Stephanie M Willerth
- Willerth Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, V8P 5C2, Canada
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Escobar Ivirico JL, Bhattacharjee M, Kuyinu E, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Regenerative Engineering for Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment: Biomaterials and Cell-Based Technologies. ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2017; 3:16-27. [PMID: 35392109 PMCID: PMC8986132 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis worldwide. The incidence of this disease is rising and its treatment poses an economic burden. Two early targets of knee OA treatment include the predominant symptom of pain, and cartilage damage in the knee joint. Current treatments have been beneficial in treating the disease but none is as effective as total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, while TKA is an end-stage solution of the disease, it is an invasive and expensive procedure. Therefore, innovative regenerative engineering strategies should be established as these could defer or annul the need for a TKA. Several biomaterial and cell-based therapies are currently in development and have shown early promise in both preclinical and clinical studies. The use of advanced biomaterials and stem cells independently or in conjunction to treat knee OA could potentially reduce pain and regenerate focal articular cartilage damage. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of pain and cartilage damage in knee OA and explore novel treatment options currently being studied, along with some of their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Escobar Ivirico
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Maumita Bhattacharjee
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Emmanuel Kuyinu
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Lakshmi S. Nair
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Cato T. Laurencin
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Loss of stiffness in collagen-rich uterine fibroids after digestion with purified collagenase Clostridium histolyticum. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215:596.e1-596.e8. [PMID: 27177523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine fibroids are a significant health problem. These common benign tumors occur in 70-80% of women before age 50 years and often cause bleeding and pain and can interfere considerably with daily life. Current treatment options are limited. Fibroids contain substantial amounts of altered and disordered collagens, which contribute to their bulk. Targeting these collagens directly presents a novel treatment approach. OBJECTIVES We sought to test the hypothesis that a highly purified collagenase Clostridium histolyticum will digest interstitial collagen in uterine fibroids and reduce their stiffness and thereby evaluate the feasibility that this collagenase C histolyticum can be developed into an alternative treatment for fibroids. A secondary objective was to describe the collagen content of the fibroid tissue. STUDY DESIGN Fibroid tissue cubes (1 cm3; n = 154) were cut from 17 uterine fibroids that were obtained from 7 consented subjects undergoing scheduled hysterectomies. Tissue cubes were injected with diluent, placebo, or highly purified collagenase C histolyticum (0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg/cube) and incubated at 37°C for 24, 48, 72, or 96 hours. At each time point, 6 noninjected control cubes were also evaluated. Tissue cubes were photographed before and after incubation. Myometrial samples (n = 21) were also evaluated. Stiffness was quantified through rheometry by measuring complex shear moduli of the tissues. Percent fibrosis was determined by computerized analysis of Masson-trichrome-stained slides. Digestion of collagen fibrils was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Fibrosis in untreated fibroids ranged from 37% to 77%, reflecting the collagen-rich nature of these tumors. After treatment with collagenase for 96 hours, fibrosis ranged from 5.3% to 2.4%. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed complete digestion of collagen fibrils. Tissue stiffness was reduced with all 3 doses of collagenase treatment and at all 4 time points. Longer incubation times with collagenase caused greater reduction in stiffness, and treated cubes lost their cuboidal shape and had gelatinous/liquefied centers. At 96 hours the stiffness in tissues treated with the lowest dose was reduced to 966 ± 106 Pascal compared with the diluent-treated control at the same time (5323 ± 903 Pascal; P < .0001; by analysis of variance with Tukey-Kramer). CONCLUSION Uterine fibroids have a high content of collagen that can be effectively digested by highly purified collagenase C histolyticum, resulting in reduced tissue stiffness. Loss of stiffness may decrease bulk symptoms in vivo and possibly lead to shrinkage of fibroids through changed mechanotransduction, leading ultimately to reduced fibroid symptoms of pain and bleeding. Clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of collagenase C histolyticum including the rate of regrowth of fibroids. The data of this study provide a strong rationale for using this purified collagenase in clinical trials as a local treatment for women with fibroids.
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Anatomically shaped tissue-engineered cartilage with tunable and inducible anticytokine delivery for biological joint resurfacing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4513-22. [PMID: 27432980 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601639113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological resurfacing of entire articular surfaces represents an important but challenging strategy for treatment of cartilage degeneration that occurs in osteoarthritis. Not only does this approach require anatomically sized and functional engineered cartilage, but the inflammatory environment within an arthritic joint may also inhibit chondrogenesis and induce degradation of native and engineered cartilage. The goal of this study was to use adult stem cells to engineer anatomically shaped, functional cartilage constructs capable of tunable and inducible expression of antiinflammatory molecules, specifically IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Large (22-mm-diameter) hemispherical scaffolds were fabricated from 3D woven poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibers into two different configurations and seeded with human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Doxycycline (dox)-inducible lentiviral vectors containing eGFP or IL-1Ra transgenes were immobilized to the PCL to transduce ASCs upon seeding, and constructs were cultured in chondrogenic conditions for 28 d. Constructs showed biomimetic cartilage properties and uniform tissue growth while maintaining their anatomic shape throughout culture. IL-1Ra-expressing constructs produced nearly 1 µg/mL of IL-1Ra upon controlled induction with dox. Treatment with IL-1 significantly increased matrix metalloprotease activity in the conditioned media of eGFP-expressing constructs but not in IL-1Ra-expressing constructs. Our findings show that advanced textile manufacturing combined with scaffold-mediated gene delivery can be used to tissue engineer large anatomically shaped cartilage constructs that possess controlled delivery of anticytokine therapy. Importantly, these cartilage constructs have the potential to provide mechanical functionality immediately upon implantation, as they will need to replace a majority, if not the entire joint surface to restore function.
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31
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Recha-Sancho L, Moutos FT, Abellà J, Guilak F, Semino CE. Dedifferentiated Human Articular Chondrocytes Redifferentiate to a Cartilage-Like Tissue Phenotype in a Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Self-Assembling Peptide Composite Scaffold. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9060472. [PMID: 28773609 PMCID: PMC5456812 DOI: 10.3390/ma9060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adult articular cartilage has a limited capacity for growth and regeneration and, with injury, new cellular or biomaterial-based therapeutic platforms are required to promote repair. Tissue engineering aims to produce cartilage-like tissues that recreate the complex mechanical and biological properties found in vivo. In this study, a unique composite scaffold was developed by infiltrating a three-dimensional (3D) woven microfiber poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold with the RAD16-I self-assembling nanofibers to obtain multi-scale functional and biomimetic tissue-engineered constructs. The scaffold was seeded with expanded dedifferentiated human articular chondrocytes and cultured for four weeks in control and chondrogenic growth conditions. The composite constructs were compared to control constructs obtained by culturing cells with 3D woven PCL scaffolds or RAD16-I independently. High viability and homogeneous cell distribution were observed in all three scaffolds used during the term of the culture. Moreover, gene and protein expression profiles revealed that chondrogenic markers were favored in the presence of RAD16-I peptide (PCL/RAD composite or alone) under chondrogenic induction conditions. Further, constructs displayed positive staining for toluidine blue, indicating the presence of synthesized proteoglycans. Finally, mechanical testing showed that constructs containing the PCL scaffold maintained the initial shape and viscoelastic behavior throughout the culture period, while constructs with RAD16-I scaffold alone contracted during culture time into a stiffer and compacted structure. Altogether, these results suggest that this new composite scaffold provides important mechanical requirements for a cartilage replacement, while providing a biomimetic microenvironment to re-establish the chondrogenic phenotype of human expanded articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Recha-Sancho
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Bioengineering Department, IQS School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain.
| | | | - Jordi Abellà
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain.
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Cytex Therapeutics Inc., Durham, NC 27705, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University and Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Carlos E Semino
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Bioengineering Department, IQS School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, Barcelona 08017, Spain.
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Akbari M, Tamayol A, Bagherifard S, Serex L, Mostafalu P, Faramarzi N, Mohammadi MH, Khademhosseini A. Textile Technologies and Tissue Engineering: A Path Toward Organ Weaving. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:751-66. [PMID: 26924450 PMCID: PMC4910159 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Textile technologies have recently attracted great attention as potential biofabrication tools for engineering tissue constructs. Using current textile technologies, fibrous structures can be designed and engineered to attain the required properties that are demanded by different tissue engineering applications. Several key parameters such as physiochemical characteristics of fibers, microarchitecture, and mechanical properties of the fabrics play important roles in the effective use of textile technologies in tissue engineering. This review summarizes the current advances in the manufacturing of biofunctional fibers. Different textile methods such as knitting, weaving, and braiding are discussed and their current applications in tissue engineering are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Akbari
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sara Bagherifard
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, 20156, Italy
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ludovic Serex
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pooria Mostafalu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Negar Faramarzi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21569, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Beck EC, Barragan M, Libeer TB, Kieweg SL, Converse GL, Hopkins RA, Berkland CJ, Detamore MS. Chondroinduction from Naturally Derived Cartilage Matrix: A Comparison Between Devitalized and Decellularized Cartilage Encapsulated in Hydrogel Pastes. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:665-79. [PMID: 27001140 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel precursors are liquid solutions that are prone to leaking after surgical placement. This problem was overcome by incorporating either decellularized cartilage (DCC) or devitalized cartilage (DVC) microparticles into traditional photocrosslinkable hydrogel precursors in an effort to achieve a paste-like hydrogel precursor. DCC and DVC were selected specifically for their potential to induce chondrogenesis of stem cells, given that materials that are chondroinductive on their own without growth factors are a revolutionary goal in orthopedic medicine. We hypothesized that DVC, lacking the additional chemical processing steps in DCC to remove cell content, would lead to a more chondroinductive hydrogel with rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Hydrogels composed of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) and either DCC or DVC microparticles were tested with and without exposure to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3 over a 6 week culture period, where swelling, mechanical analysis, and gene expression were observed. For collagen II, Sox-9, and aggrecan expression, MeHA precursors containing DVC consistently outperformed the DCC-containing groups, even when the DCC groups were exposed to TGF-β3. DVC consistently outperformed all TGF-β3-exposed groups in aggrecan and collagen II gene expression as well. In addition, when the same concentrations of MeHA with DCC or DVC microparticles were evaluated for yield stress, the yield stress with the DVC microparticles was 2.7 times greater. Furthermore, the only MeHA-containing group that exhibited shape retention was the group containing DVC microparticles. DVC appeared to be superior to DCC in both chondroinductivity and rheological performance of hydrogel precursors, and therefore DVC microparticles may hold translational potential for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Beck
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Marilyn Barragan
- 2 Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Tony B Libeer
- 3 Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Sarah L Kieweg
- 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Gabriel L Converse
- 5 Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Children's Mercy Hospital , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Richard A Hopkins
- 5 Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Children's Mercy Hospital , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Cory J Berkland
- 3 Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas.,6 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Michael S Detamore
- 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas
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Rowland CR, Colucci LA, Guilak F. Fabrication of anatomically-shaped cartilage constructs using decellularized cartilage-derived matrix scaffolds. Biomaterials 2016; 91:57-72. [PMID: 26999455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The native extracellular matrix of cartilage contains entrapped growth factors as well as tissue-specific epitopes for cell-matrix interactions, which make it a potentially attractive biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering. A limitation to this approach is that the native cartilage extracellular matrix possesses a pore size of only a few nanometers, which inhibits cellular infiltration. Efforts to increase the pore size of cartilage-derived matrix (CDM) scaffolds dramatically attenuate their mechanical properties, which makes them susceptible to cell-mediated contraction. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that collagen crosslinking techniques are capable of preventing cell-mediated contraction in CDM disks. In the current study, we investigated the effects of CDM concentration and pore architecture on the ability of CDM scaffolds to resist cell-mediated contraction. Increasing CDM concentration significantly increased scaffold mechanical properties, which played an important role in preventing contraction, and only the highest CDM concentration (11% w/w) was able to retain the original scaffold dimensions. However, the increase in CDM concentration led to a concomitant decrease in porosity and pore size. Generating a temperature gradient during the freezing process resulted in unidirectional freezing, which aligned the formation of ice crystals during the freezing process and in turn produced aligned pores in CDM scaffolds. These aligned pores increased the pore size of CDM scaffolds at all CDM concentrations, and greatly facilitated infiltration by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These methods were used to fabricate of anatomically-relevant CDM hemispheres. CDM hemispheres with aligned pores supported uniform MSC infiltration and matrix deposition. Furthermore, these CDM hemispheres retained their original architecture and did not contract, warp, curl, or splay throughout the entire 28-day culture period. These findings demonstrate that given the appropriate fabrication parameters, CDM scaffolds are capable of maintaining complex structures that support MSC chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Rowland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis Hospital, 3210 McKinley Research Building, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States
| | - Lina A Colucci
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis Hospital, 3210 McKinley Research Building, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis Hospital, 3210 McKinley Research Building, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States.
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Hendrikson WJ, Zeng X, Rouwkema J, van Blitterswijk CA, van der Heide E, Moroni L. Biological and Tribological Assessment of Poly(Ethylene Oxide Terephthalate)/Poly(Butylene Terephthalate), Polycaprolactone, and Poly (L\DL) Lactic Acid Plotted Scaffolds for Skeletal Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:232-43. [PMID: 26775915 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufactured scaffolds are fabricated from three commonly used biomaterials, polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (L\DL) lactic acid (P(L\DL)LA), and poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PEOT/PBT). Scaffolds are compared biologically and tribologically. Cell-seeded PEOT/PBT scaffolds cultured in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation media show statistical significantly higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity/DNA and glycosaminoglycans (GAG)/DNA ratios, followed by PCL and P(L\DL)LA scaffolds, respectively. The tribological performance is assessed by determining the friction coefficients of the scaffolds at different loads and sliding velocities. With increasing load or decreasing sliding velocity, the friction coefficient value decreases. PEOT/PBT show to have the lowest friction coefficient value, followed by PCL and P(L\DL)LA. The influence of the scaffold architecture is further determined with PEOT/PBT. Reducing of the fiber spacing results in a lower friction coefficient value. The best and the worst performing scaffold architecture are chosen to investigate the effect of cell culture on the friction coefficient. Matrix deposition is low in the cell-seeded scaffolds and the effect is, therefore, undetermined. Taken together, our studies show that PEOT/PBT scaffolds support better skeletal differentiation of seeded stromal cells and lower friction coefficient compared to PCL and P(L/DL)A scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmus J. Hendrikson
- Department of Tissue Regeneration; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; Enschede 7500 AE The Netherlands
| | - Xiangqiong Zeng
- Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology; Faculty of Engineering Technology; University of Twente; Enschede 7500 AE The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; Enschede 7500 AE The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A. van Blitterswijk
- Department of Tissue Regeneration; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; Enschede 7500 AE The Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration; Maastricht University; Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
| | - Emile van der Heide
- Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology; Faculty of Engineering Technology; University of Twente; Enschede 7500 AE The Netherlands
- TNO; Eindhoven 5600 HE The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Department of Tissue Regeneration; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine; University of Twente; Enschede 7500 AE The Netherlands
- Complex Tissue Regeneration; Maastricht University; Maastricht 6229ER The Netherlands
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Gaut C, Sugaya K. Critical review on the physical and mechanical factors involved in tissue engineering of cartilage. Regen Med 2015; 10:665-79. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects often progress to osteoarthritis, which negatively impacts quality of life for millions of people worldwide and leads to high healthcare expenditures. Tissue engineering approaches to osteoarthritis have concentrated on proliferation and differentiation of stem cells by activation and suppression of signaling pathways, and by using a variety of scaffolding techniques. Recent studies indicate a key role of environmental factors in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to mature cartilage-producing chondrocytes. Therapeutic approaches that consider environmental regulation could optimize chondrogenesis protocols for regeneration of articular cartilage. This review focuses on the effect of scaffold structure and composition, mechanical stress and hypoxia in modulating mesenchymal stem cell fate and the current use of these environmental factors in tissue engineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Gaut
- INDICASAT-AIP, Ciudad de Saber, Clayton, Apartado 0843-01103, Panama, Rep. de Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522510, India
| | - Kiminobu Sugaya
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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Abstract
Extremity War Injury Symposium IX focused on reducing disability within the military, centering on cartilage defects, amputations, and spinal cord injury. Many areas of upper and lower extremity trauma and disability were discussed, including segmental nerve injuries, upper extremity allotransplantation, and the importance of patient-reported functional outcomes compared with the traditionally reported measures. Strategic planning addressed progression toward clinical solutions by setting clear objectives and goals and outlining pathways to address the "translation gap" that often prevents bridging of basic science to clinical application.
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A 3D Porous Gelatin-Alginate-Based-IPN Acts as an Efficient Promoter of Chondrogenesis from Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:252909. [PMID: 26106422 PMCID: PMC4461772 DOI: 10.1155/2015/252909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage has limited regeneration potential. Thus, there is an imperative need to develop new strategies for cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) amenable for clinical use. Recent CTE approaches rely on optimal cell-scaffold interactions, which require a great deal of optimization. In this study we attempt to build a novel gelatin- (G-) alginate- (A-) polyacrylamide (PAA) 3D interpenetrating network (IPN) with superior performance in promoting chondrogenesis from human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). We show that our G-A-PAA scaffold is capable of supporting hADSCs proliferation and survival, with no apparent cytotoxic effect. Moreover, we find that after exposure to prochondrogenic conditions a key transcription factor known to induce chondrogenesis, namely, Sox9, is highly expressed in our hADSCs/G-A-PAA bioconstruct, along with cartilage specific markers such as collagen type II, CEP68, and COMP extracellular matrix (ECM) components. These data suggest that our G-A-PAA structural properties and formulation might enable hADSCs conversion towards functional chondrocytes. We conclude that our novel G-A-PAA biomatrix is a good candidate for prospective in vivo CTE applications.
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Sutherland AJ, Beck EC, Dennis SC, Converse GL, Hopkins RA, Berkland CJ, Detamore MS. Decellularized cartilage may be a chondroinductive material for osteochondral tissue engineering. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121966. [PMID: 25965981 PMCID: PMC4428768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM)-based materials are attractive for regenerative medicine in their ability to potentially aid in stem cell recruitment, infiltration, and differentiation without added biological factors. In musculoskeletal tissue engineering, demineralized bone matrix is widely used, but recently cartilage matrix has been attracting attention as a potentially chondroinductive material. The aim of this study was thus to establish a chemical decellularization method for use with articular cartilage to quantify removal of cells and analyze the cartilage biochemical content at various stages during the decellularization process, which included a physically devitalization step. To study the cellular response to the cartilage matrix, rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were cultured in cell pellets containing cells only (control), chondrogenic differentiation medium (TGF-β), chemically decellularized cartilage particles (DCC), or physically devitalized cartilage particles (DVC). The chemical decellularization process removed the vast majority of DNA and about half of the glycosaminoglycans (GAG) within the matrix, but had no significant effect on the amount of hydroxyproline. Most notably, the DCC group significantly outperformed TGF-β in chondroinduction of rBMSCs, with collagen II gene expression an order of magnitude or more higher. While DVC did not exhibit a chondrogenic response to the extent that DCC did, DVC had a greater down regulation of collagen I, collagen X and Runx2. A new protocol has been introduced for cartilage devitalization and decellularization in the current study, with evidence of chondroinductivity. Such bioactivity along with providing the ‘raw material’ building blocks of regenerating cartilage may suggest a promising role for DCC in biomaterials that rely on recruiting endogenous cell recruitment and differentiation for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Sutherland
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Emily C. Beck
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - S. Connor Dennis
- Orbis Biosciences, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Gabriel L. Converse
- Children’s Mercy Hospital, Cardiac Surgery Research Lab, Ward Family Center for Congenital Heart Disease, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Hopkins
- Children’s Mercy Hospital, Cardiac Surgery Research Lab, Ward Family Center for Congenital Heart Disease, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Cory J. Berkland
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Detamore
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Moran CJ, Busilacchi A, Lee CA, Athanasiou KA, Verdonk PC. Biological augmentation and tissue engineering approaches in meniscus surgery. Arthroscopy 2015; 31:944-55. [PMID: 25687715 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2014.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review was to evaluate the role of biological augmentation and tissue engineering strategies in meniscus surgery. Although clinical (human), preclinical (animal), and in vitro tissue engineering studies are included here, we have placed additional focus on addressing preclinical and clinical studies reported during the 5-year period used in this review in a systematic fashion while also providing a summary review of some important in vitro tissue engineering findings in the field over the past decade. METHODS A search was performed on PubMed for original works published from 2009 to March 31, 2014 using the term "meniscus" with all the following terms: "scaffolds," "constructs," "cells," "growth factors," "implant," "tissue engineering," and "regenerative medicine." Inclusion criteria were the following: English-language articles and original clinical, preclinical (in vivo), and in vitro studies of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine application in knee meniscus lesions published from 2009 to March 31, 2014. RESULTS Three clinical studies and 18 preclinical studies were identified along with 68 tissue engineering in vitro studies. These reports show the increasing promise of biological augmentation and tissue engineering strategies in meniscus surgery. The role of stem cell and growth factor therapy appears to be particularly useful. A review of in vitro tissue engineering studies found a large number of scaffold types to be of promise for meniscus replacement. Limitations include a relatively low number of clinical or preclinical in vivo studies, in addition to the fact there is as yet no report in the literature of a tissue-engineered meniscus construct used clinically. Neither does the literature provide clarity on the optimal meniscus scaffold type or biological augmentation with which meniscus repair or replacement would be best addressed in the future. There is increasing focus on the role of mechanobiology and biomechanical and biochemical cues in this process, however, and it is hoped that this may lead to improvements in this strategy. CONCLUSIONS There appears to be significant potential for biological augmentation and tissue engineering strategies in meniscus surgery to enhance options for repair and replacement. However, there are still relatively few clinical studies being reported in this regard. There is a strong need for improved translational activities and infrastructure to link the large amounts of in vitro and preclinical biological and tissue engineering data to clinical application. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, systematic review of Level I-IV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathal J Moran
- Sports Surgery Clinic and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Alberto Busilacchi
- Clinical Orthopaedics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cassandra A Lee
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery & Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A
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Reinforcement of hydrogels using three-dimensionally printed microfibres. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6933. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Bhattacharjee M, Coburn J, Centola M, Murab S, Barbero A, Kaplan DL, Martin I, Ghosh S. Tissue engineering strategies to study cartilage development, degeneration and regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:107-22. [PMID: 25174307 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage tissue engineering has primarily focused on the generation of grafts to repair cartilage defects due to traumatic injury and disease. However engineered cartilage tissues have also a strong scientific value as advanced 3D culture models. Here we first describe key aspects of embryonic chondrogenesis and possible cell sources/culture systems for in vitro cartilage generation. We then review how a tissue engineering approach has been and could be further exploited to investigate different aspects of cartilage development and degeneration. The generated knowledge is expected to inform new cartilage regeneration strategies, beyond a classical tissue engineering paradigm.
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Sutherland AJ, Detamore MS. Bioactive Microsphere-Based Scaffolds Containing Decellularized Cartilage. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:979-89. [PMID: 25821206 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to fabricate mechanically functional microsphere-based scaffolds containing decellularized cartilage (DCC), with the hypothesis that this approach would induce chondrogenesis of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in vitro. The DCC was derived from porcine articular cartilage and decellularized using a combination of physical and chemical methods. Four types of scaffolds were fabricated: poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) only (negative control), TGF-β-encapsulated (positive control), PLGA surface coated with DCC, and DCC-encapsulated. These scaffolds were seeded with rBMSCs and cultured up to 6 weeks. The compressive modulus of the DCC-coated scaffolds prior to cell seeding was significantly lower than all other scaffold types. Gene expression was comparable between DCC-encapsulated and TGF-β-encapsulated groups. Notably, DCC-encapsulated scaffolds contained 70% higher glycosaminoglyan (GAG) content and 85% more hydroxyproline compared to the TGF-β group at week 3 (with baseline levels subtracted out from acellular DCC scaffolds). Certainly, bioactivity was demonstrated in eliciting a biosynthetic response from the cells with DCC, although true demonstration of chondrogenesis remained elusive under the prescribed conditions. Encapsulation of DCC appeared to lead to improved cell performance relative to coating with DCC, although this finding may be a dose-dependent observation. Overall, DCC introduced via microsphere-based scaffolds appears to be promising as a bioactive approach to cartilage regeneration, although additional studies will be required to conclusively demonstrate chondroinductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Sutherland
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045, Kansas, USA
| | - Michael S Detamore
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, 66045, Kansas, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 4149 Learned Hall, 1530 W 15th St., Lawrence, 66045, Kansas, USA.
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Evaluation of Cartilage Repair by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded on a PEOT/PBT Scaffold in an Osteochondral Defect. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:2069-82. [PMID: 25589372 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-seeded polyethylene-oxide-terephthalate/polybutylene-terephthalate (PEOT/PBT) scaffold for cartilage tissue repair in an osteochondral defect using a rabbit model. Material characterisation using scanning electron microscopy indicated that the scaffold had a 3D architecture characteristic of the additive manufacturing fabrication method, with a strut diameter of 296 ± 52 μm and a pore size of 512 ± 22 μm × 476 ± 25 μm × 180 ± 30 μm. In vitro optimisation revealed that the scaffold did not generate an adverse cell response, optimal cell loading conditions were achieved using 50 μg/ml fibronectin and a cell seeding density of 25 × 10(6) cells/ml and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation after 28 days culture in the presence of TGFβ3 indicated positive chondrogenesis. Cell-seeded scaffolds were implanted in osteochondral defects for 12 weeks, with cell-free scaffolds and empty defects employed as controls. On examination of toluidine blue staining for chondrogenesis and GAG accumulation, both the empty defect and the cell-seeded scaffold appeared to promote repair. However, the empty defect and the cell-free scaffold stained positive for collagen type I or fibrocartilage, while the cell-seeded scaffold stained positive for collagen type II indicative of hyaline cartilage and was statistically better than the cell-free scaffold in the blinded histological evaluation. In summary, MSCs in combination with a 3D PEOT/PBT scaffold created a reparative environment for cartilage repair.
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Sutherland AJ, Converse GL, Hopkins RA, Detamore MS. The bioactivity of cartilage extracellular matrix in articular cartilage regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:29-39. [PMID: 25044502 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage matrix is a promising material for cartilage regeneration given the evidence supporting its chondroinductive character. The "raw materials" of cartilage matrix can serve as building blocks and signals for tissue regeneration. These matrices can be created by chemical or physical processing: physical methods disrupt cellular membranes and nuclei but may not fully remove all cell components and DNA, whereas chemical methods combined with physical methods are effective in fully decellularizing such materials. It is important to delineate between the sources of the cartilage matrix, that is, derived from matrix in vitro or from native tissue, and then to further characterize the cartilage matrix based on the processing method, decellularization or devitalization. With these distinctions, four types of cartilage matrices exist: decellularized native cartilage (DCC), devitalized native cartilage (DVC), decellularized cell-derived matrix (DCCM), and devitalized cell-derived matrix (DVCM). One currently marketed cartilage matrix device is decellularized, although trends in patents suggest additional decellularized products may be available in the future. To identify the most relevant source and processing for cartilage matrix, testing needs to include targeting the desired application, optimizing delivery of the material, identify relevant FDA regulations, assess availability of materials, and immunogenic properties of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel L. Converse
- Children's Mercy Hospital; Cardiac Surgery Research Lab; Ward Family Center for Congenital Heart Disease; 2401 Gillham Rd Kansas City MO 64108 USA
| | - Richard A. Hopkins
- Children's Mercy Hospital; Cardiac Surgery Research Lab; Ward Family Center for Congenital Heart Disease; 2401 Gillham Rd Kansas City MO 64108 USA
| | - Michael S. Detamore
- Bioengineering Graduate Program; University of Kansas; Lawrence KS 66045 USA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; University of Kansas; Lawrence KS 66045 USA
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Kim YS, Choi YJ, Suh DS, Heo DB, Kim YI, Ryu JS, Koh YG. Mesenchymal stem cell implantation in osteoarthritic knees: is fibrin glue effective as a scaffold? Am J Sports Med 2015; 43:176-85. [PMID: 25349263 DOI: 10.1177/0363546514554190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell-based tissue engineering approach that uses mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has addressed the issue of articular cartilage repair in osteoarthritic (OA) knees. However, to improve outcomes, an advanced surgical procedure with tissue-engineered scaffolds may be needed to treat patients with large cartilage lesions. PURPOSE To investigate the clinical and second-look arthroscopic outcomes of the implantation of MSCs loaded in fibrin glue as a scaffold in patients with OA knees and to compare these outcomes with those of MSC implantation without a scaffold. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS This study retrospectively evaluated 54 patients (56 knees) who were examined with second-look arthroscopy after MSC implantation for cartilage lesions in their OA knees. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 37 patients (39 knees) were treated with MSC implantation without a scaffold (group 1), and 17 patients (17 knees) underwent implantation of MSCs loaded in fibrin glue as a scaffold (group 2). Clinical outcomes were evaluated according to the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and the Tegner activity scale, and cartilage repair was assessed with the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade. Statistical analyses were performed to identify various prognostic factors associated with the clinical and second-look arthroscopic outcomes. RESULTS At final follow-up (mean, 28.6 months; range, 24-34 months), the mean IKDC score and Tegner activity scale in each group significantly improved: group 1, from 38.1±7.7 to 62.0±11.7 (IKDC) and from 2.5±0.9 to 3.5±0.8 (Tegner); group 2, from 36.1±6.2 to 64.4±11.5 (IKDC) and from 2.2±0.8 to 3.8±0.8 (Tegner) (P<.001 for all). According to the overall ICRS cartilage repair grades, 9 of the 39 lesions (23%) in group 1 and 12 of the 17 lesions (58%) in group 2 achieved a grade of I or II. There was a significant difference in ICRS grades between the groups (P=.028). Overweight (body mass index≥27.5 kg/m2) and large lesion size (≥5.7 cm2) were significant predictors of poor clinical and arthroscopic outcomes in group 1 (P<.05 for both). There was a similar trend in group 2, but the differences were not significant, possibly owing to the smaller sample size. CONCLUSION Clinical and arthroscopic outcomes of MSC implantation were encouraging for OA knees in both groups, although there were no significant differences in outcome scores between groups. However, at second-look arthroscopy, there were better ICRS grades in group 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sang Kim
- Center for Stem Cell and Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jin Choi
- Center for Stem Cell and Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Suk Suh
- Center for Stem Cell and Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Beom Heo
- Center for Stem Cell and Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Il Kim
- Center for Stem Cell and Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Ryu
- Center for Stem Cell and Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Gon Koh
- Center for Stem Cell and Arthritis Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei Sarang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Hruschka V, Saeed A, Slezak P, Cheikh Al Ghanami R, Feichtinger GA, Alexander C, Redl H, Shakesheff K, Wolbank S. Evaluation of a thermoresponsive polycaprolactone scaffold for in vitro three-dimensional stem cell differentiation. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:310-9. [PMID: 25167885 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) strategies aim at imitating the natural process of regeneration by using bioresorbable scaffolds that support cellular attachment, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Based on the idea of combining a fully degradable polymer [poly(ɛ-caprolactone)] with a thermoresponsive polymer (polyethylene glycol methacrylate), a scaffold was developed, which liquefies below 20°C and solidifies at 37°C. In this study, this scaffold was evaluated for its ability to support C2C12 cells and human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to generate an expandable three-dimensional (3D) construct for soft or bone TE. As a first step, biomaterial seeding was optimized and cellular attachment, survival, distribution, and persistence within the 3D material were characterized. C2C12 cells were differentiated toward the osteogenic as well as myogenic lineage, while ASCs were cultured in control, adipogenic, or osteogenic differentiation media. Differentiation was examined using quantitative real-time PCR for the expression of osteogenic, myogenic, and adipogenic markers and by enzyme activity and immunoassays. Both cell types attached and were found evenly distributed within the material. C2C12 cells and ASCs demonstrated the potential to differentiate in all tested lineages under 2D conditions. Under 3D osteogenic conditions for C2C12 cells, only osteocalcin expression (fold induction: 16.3±0.2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (p<0.001) were increased compared with the control C2C12 cells. Three-dimensional osteogenic differentiation of ASC was limited and donor dependent. Only one donor showed an increase in the osteogenic markers osteocalcin (p=0.027) and osteopontin (p=0.038). In contrast, differentiation toward the myogenic or adipogenic lineage showed expression of specific markers in 3D, at least at the level of the 2D culture. In 3D culture, strong induction of myogenin (p<0.001) as well as myoD (p<0.001) was found in C2C12 cells. The adipogenic differentiation of one donor showed greater expression of peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (p=0.004), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) (p=0.008), and adiponectin (p=0.045) in 3D compared with 2D culture. Leptin levels in the supernatant of the ASC cultures were elevated in the 3D cultures in both donors at day 14 and 21. In conclusion, the thermoresponsive scaffold was found suitable for 3D in vitro differentiation toward soft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hruschka
- 1 Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology , AUVA Research Centre, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Butcher AL, Offeddu GS, Oyen ML. Nanofibrous hydrogel composites as mechanically robust tissue engineering scaffolds. Trends Biotechnol 2014; 32:564-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Brunengraber LN, Jayes FL, Leppert PC. Injectable Clostridium histolyticum collagenase as a potential treatment for uterine fibroids. Reprod Sci 2014; 21:1452-9. [PMID: 25332216 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114553449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purified Clostridium histolyticum collagenase (CHC), an Food and Drug Administration-approved drug that does not affect nerves or blood vessels, was assessed as a potential treatment for fibroids in this proof-of-principle study. Fibroids (1-4 cm, capsules intact) and myometrial specimens from 5 patients were injected posthysterectomy with CHC or vehicle containing methylene blue and incubated for 24 hours. Percentage of collagen-stained area was estimated using Masson-Trichrome-stained slides. Collagen fibers were observed with picrosirius staining. Tissue stiffness was objectively measured by rheometry (complex shear modulus [Pa]). Injected materials spread within and beyond fibroids as visualized by methylene blue. Of the 8 treated fibroids, 7 were softened and some contained liquefied centers. Relative percentage of collagen-stained area (mean ± standard deviation) in treated fibroids (38 ± 12%; n = 7) was less than that in control fibroids (66 ± 17%; n = 5). Treated myometrium (40 ± 30% collagen; n = 3) was similar to control myometrium (53 ± 8%; n = 2). Picrosirius staining demonstrated loss of collagen fibers in treated fibroids. Treated fibroids were less stiff (3630 ± 2410 Pa; n = 4) than controls (5930 ± 830 Pa; n = 4). Treated and control myometrium had similar stiffness (2149 ± 927 Pa; n = 3 and 3314 ± 494 Pa; n = 2, respectively) and were never liquefied. In conclusion, injections of CHC into encapsulated fibroids are feasible and effective. Heterogeneity of collagen types and quantities within individual fibroids may contribute to varied responses and need additional investigation. Further study of collateral effects on myometrium is indicated. Injected CHC has potential for treatment of fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Brunengraber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Reproductive Biology and Perinatal Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Friederike L Jayes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Reproductive Biology and Perinatal Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Phyllis C Leppert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Reproductive Biology and Perinatal Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Guilak F, Butler DL, Goldstein SA, Baaijens FPT. Biomechanics and mechanobiology in functional tissue engineering. J Biomech 2014; 47:1933-40. [PMID: 24818797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The field of tissue engineering continues to expand and mature, and several products are now in clinical use, with numerous other preclinical and clinical studies underway. However, specific challenges still remain in the repair or regeneration of tissues that serve a predominantly biomechanical function. Furthermore, it is now clear that mechanobiological interactions between cells and scaffolds can critically influence cell behavior, even in tissues and organs that do not serve an overt biomechanical role. Over the past decade, the field of "functional tissue engineering" has grown as a subfield of tissue engineering to address the challenges and questions on the role of biomechanics and mechanobiology in tissue engineering. Originally posed as a set of principles and guidelines for engineering of load-bearing tissues, functional tissue engineering has grown to encompass several related areas that have proven to have important implications for tissue repair and regeneration. These topics include measurement and modeling of the in vivo biomechanical environment; quantitative analysis of the mechanical properties of native tissues, scaffolds, and repair tissues; development of rationale criteria for the design and assessment of engineered tissues; investigation of the effects biomechanical factors on native and repair tissues, in vivo and in vitro; and development and application of computational models of tissue growth and remodeling. Here we further expand this paradigm and provide examples of the numerous advances in the field over the past decade. Consideration of these principles in the design process will hopefully improve the safety, efficacy, and overall success of engineered tissue replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Guilak
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, 375 MSRB, Box 3093, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - David L Butler
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Steven A Goldstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frank P T Baaijens
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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