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Wang X, Zhang K, He W, Zhang L, Gao B, Tian R, Xu R. Plasma proteomic characterization of colorectal cancer patients with FOLFOX chemotherapy by integrated proteomics technology. Clin Proteomics 2024; 21:27. [PMID: 38580967 PMCID: PMC10998366 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-024-09454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a prevalent form of cancer, and the effectiveness of the main postoperative chemotherapy treatment, FOLFOX, varies among patients. In this study, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients treated with FOLFOX through plasma proteomic characterization. METHODS Using a fully integrated sample preparation technology SISPROT-based proteomics workflow, we achieved deep proteome coverage and trained a machine learning model from a discovery cohort of 90 CRC patients to differentiate FOLFOX-sensitive and FOLFOX-resistant patients. The model was then validated by targeted proteomics on an independent test cohort of 26 patients. RESULTS We achieved deep proteome coverage of 831 protein groups in total and 536 protein groups in average for non-depleted plasma from CRC patients by using a Orbitrap Exploris 240 with moderate sensitivity. Our results revealed distinct molecular changes in FOLFOX-sensitive and FOLFOX-resistant patients. We confidently identified known prognostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer, such as S100A4, LGALS1, and FABP5. The classifier based on the biomarker panel demonstrated a promised AUC value of 0.908 with 93% accuracy. Additionally, we established a protein panel to predict FOLFOX effectiveness, and several proteins within the panel were validated using targeted proteomic methods. CONCLUSIONS Our study sheds light on the pathways affected in CRC patients treated with FOLFOX chemotherapy and identifies potential biomarkers that could be valuable for prognosis prediction. Our findings showed the potential of mass spectrometry-based proteomics and machine learning as an unbiased and systematic approach for discovering biomarkers in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Keren Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wan He
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Luobin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Biwei Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Ruijun Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Ruilian Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Zhang X, Ji L, Liu M, Li J, Sun H, Liang F, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Yang T, Wang Y, Si Q, Du R, Dai L, Ouyang S. Integrative Multianalytical Model Based on Novel Plasma Protein Biomarkers for Distinguishing Lung Adenocarcinoma and Benign Pulmonary Nodules. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:277-288. [PMID: 38085828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Given the pressing clinical problem of making a decision in diagnosis for subjects with pulmonary nodules, we aimed to discover novel plasma protein biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and benign pulmonary nodules (BPNs) and then develop an integrative multianalytical model to guide the clinical management of LUAD and BPN patients. Through label-free quantitative plasma proteomic analysis (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD046731), 12 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in LUAD and BPN were screened. The diagnostic abilities of DEPs were validated in two independent validation cohorts. The results showed that the levels of three candidate proteins (PRDX2, PON1, and APOC3) were lower in the plasma of LUAD than in BPN. The three candidate proteins were combined with three promising computed tomography indicators (spiculation, vascular notch sign, and lobulation) and three traditional markers (CEA, CA125, and CYFRA21-1) to construct an integrative multianalytical model, which was effective in distinguishing LUAD from BPN, with an AUC of 0.904, a sensitivity of 81.44%, and a specificity of 90.14%. Moreover, the model possessed impressive diagnostic performance between early LUADs and BPNs, with the AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.868, 65.63%, 90.14%, and 82.52%, respectively. This model may be a useful auxiliary diagnostic tool for LUAD and BPN by achieving a better balance of sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan, China
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan, China
| | - Longtao Ji
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
| | - Man Liu
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan, China
| | - Feifei Liang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan, China
| | - Qiufang Si
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
| | - Renle Du
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
| | - Liping Dai
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
- BGI College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001 Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan, China
| | - Songyun Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052 Henan, China
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Tabatabaei ES, Mazloomnejad R, Rejali L, Forouzesh F, Naderi-Noukabadi F, Khanabadi B, Salehi Z, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E. Integrated bioinformatics and wet-lab analysis revealed cell adhesion prominent genes CDC42, TAGLN and GSN as prognostic biomarkers in colonic-polyp lesions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10307. [PMID: 37365287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancers are derived from intestinal polyps. Normally, alterations in cell adhesion genes expression cause deviation from the normal cell cycle, leading to cancer development, progression, and invasion. The present study aimed to investigate the elusive expression pattern of CDC42, TAGLN, and GSN genes in patients with high and low-risk polyp samples, and also colorectal cancer patients and their adjacent normal tissues. In upcoming study, 40 biopsy samples from Taleghani Hospital (Tehran, Iran) were collected, consisting of 20 colon polyps and 20 paired adjacent normal tissues. The expression of the nominated genes CDC42, TAGLN, and GSN was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and relative quantification was determined using the 2-ΔΔCt method. ROC curve analysis was performed to compare high-risk and low-risk polyps for the investigated genes. The expression of adhesion molecule genes was also evaluated using TCGA data and the correlation between adhesion molecule gene expression and immunophenotype was analyzed. The role of mi-RNAs and lncRNAs in overexpression of adhesion molecule genes was studied. Lastly, GO and KEGG were performed to identify pathways related to adhesion molecule genes expression in healthy, normal adjacent, and COAD tissues. The results showed that the expression patterns of these genes were significantly elevated in high-risk adenomas compared to low-risk polyps and normal tissues and were associated with various clinicopathological characteristics. The estimated AUC for CDC42, TAGLN, and GSN were 0.87, 0.77, and 0.80, respectively. The study also analyzed COAD cancer patient data and found that the selected gene expression in cancer patients was significantly reduced compared to high-risk polyps and healthy tissues. Survival analysis showed that while the expression level of the GSN gene had no significant relationship with survival rate, the expression of CDC42 and TAGLN genes did have a meaningful relationship, but with opposite effects, suggesting the potential use of these genes as diagnostic or prognostic markers for colorectal cancer. The present study's findings suggest that the expression pattern of CDC42, TAGLN, and GSN genes was significantly increased during the transformation of normal tissue to polyp lesions, indicating their potential as prognostic biomarkers for colorectal polyp development. Further results provide valuable insights into the potential use of these genes as diagnostic or prognostic markers for colorectal cancer. However, further studies are necessary to validate these findings in larger cohorts and to explore the underlying mechanisms of these genes in the development and progression of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Sadat Tabatabaei
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Radman Mazloomnejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19857-17413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leili Rejali
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19857-17413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Flora Forouzesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naderi-Noukabadi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19857-17413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Binazir Khanabadi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19857-17413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19857-17413, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Yeman St, Chamran Expressway, P.O. Box 19857-17413, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Ravuri HG, Noor Z, Mills PC, Satake N, Sadowski P. Data-Independent Acquisition Enables Robust Quantification of 400 Proteins in Non-Depleted Canine Plasma. Proteomes 2022; 10:9. [PMID: 35324581 PMCID: PMC8953371 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics offers a major advance for biomarker discovery in the veterinary field, which has traditionally been limited to quantification of a small number of proteins using biochemical assays. The development of foundational data and tools related to sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH)-mass spectrometry has allowed for quantitative profiling of a significant number of plasma proteins in humans and several animal species. Enabling SWATH in dogs enhances human biomedical research as a model species, and significantly improves diagnostic and disease monitoring capability. In this study, a comprehensive peptide spectral library specific to canine plasma proteome was developed and evaluated using SWATH for protein quantification in non-depleted dog plasma. Specifically, plasma samples were subjected to various orthogonal fractionation and digestion techniques, and peptide fragmentation data corresponding to over 420 proteins was collected. Subsequently, a SWATH-based assay was introduced that leveraged the developed resource and that enabled reproducible quantification of 400 proteins in non-depleted plasma samples corresponding to various disease conditions. The ability to profile the abundance of such a significant number of plasma proteins using a single method in dogs has the potential to accelerate biomarker discovery studies in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halley Gora Ravuri
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (H.G.R.); (P.C.M.)
| | - Zainab Noor
- ProCan, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Paul C. Mills
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (H.G.R.); (P.C.M.)
| | - Nana Satake
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (H.G.R.); (P.C.M.)
| | - Pawel Sadowski
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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5
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Fouda MS, Aljarwani RM, Aboul-Enein K, Omran MM. Diagnostic performances of leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 and stem cell factor for diagnosis and follow-up of colorectal cancer. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:17. [PMID: 33492603 PMCID: PMC7835270 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumors worldwide with high mortality and morbidity. There is an urgent need for biomarkers to improve the outcomes and early detection of CRC. The sensitivity of traditional CRC tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9)) is not ideal. The levels of leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) and stem cell factor (SCF) were evaluated, but the combined value of both markers is unclear. This case-control study included four groups: CRC patients before treatments (n = 22), CRC patients after treatments (n = 26), 20 patients with benign tumor, and 20 healthy subjects. Levels of routine biochemical and hematological markers, traditional tumor markers (CA19.9 and CEA), and candidate markers (LRG1 and SCF) were determined. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis and area receiver-operating characteristic analysis (ROC) were used for evaluation the diagnostic performances of single and combined markers. RESULTS No significance difference in traditional tumor markers CEA, CA 19.9, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were found among study groups. SCF, LRG1, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in non-treated CRC patients than after treated CRC. The combination between SCF and LRG1 showed highly significant difference in CRC patients compared with benign, healthy subjects, and among CRC groups (treated and non-treated) (p < 0.0001). The highest areas under curve (AUCs) were observed when LRG1 was used as a single predictor for discriminating CRC from healthy (0.87), benign (0.84), and non-treated CRC vs treated CRC (0.82). AUCs were jumped to 0.90, 0.84, and 0.84 when LRG1 and SCF were combined. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that LRG1 and SCF were potential diagnostic and follow-up markers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar S Fouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Rokaia M Aljarwani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Khaled Aboul-Enein
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Omran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, 11795, Egypt.
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Nuñez-Calonge R, Cortes S, Caballero Peregrín P, Gutierrez Gonzalez LM, Kireev R. Seminal Plasma and Serum Afamin Levels Are Associated with Infertility in Men with Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:1498-1506. [PMID: 33409873 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The plasma glycoprotein afamin has been previously identified as an alternative carrier protein for vitamin E in extravascular fluids such as plasma and cerebrospinal, ovarian follicular, and seminal fluids. However, to date, no study has established a relationship between afamin levels and infertility in women or men. The purposes of our study were (i) to assess the level of afamin in serum and seminal fluids in infertile men compared to healthy controls and (ii) to study the association between polymorphisms in afamin genes and male infertility. This observational, prospective study evaluated the afamin levels in serum and seminal fluids from infertile men (n = 39) and compared them to those in healthy controls (n = 30). We studied the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5`-untranslated region (5`-UTR) of the afamin gene and infertility and analyzed a total of 1000 base pairs from the untranslated region of the afamin gene. Subjects with low sperm motility and low sperm concentration had higher median seminal afamin (18.9 ± 2.9 ng/mg of proteins) and serum afamin concentrations (24.1 ± 4.0 ng/mg of proteins) than subjects with normal sperm parameters (10.6 ± 1.4 ng/mg of proteins) (p < 0.02) (15.6 ± 1.4 ng/mg of proteins) (p < 0.002). A total of five different polymorphisms were found, including one deletion and four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A new transversion (A/T) (position 4:73481093) was identified in an oligoasthenoteratozoospermic patient and was associated with high levels of afamin in plasma and seminal fluids. The prevalence of this variant in our study in the case homozygous for TT is 0.985 (98.5%), and in the case heterozygous for TA is 0.015 (1.5%). Our results suggest that genetic variations in afamin might be associated with male infertility. These findings could significantly enhance our understanding of the molecular genetic causes of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Nuñez-Calonge
- International Assisted Reproduction Unit, Madrid, IERA Foundation, Madrid, Avenida General Perón 20, 28020, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Pedro Caballero Peregrín
- International Assisted Reproduction Unit, Madrid, IERA Foundation, Madrid, Avenida General Perón 20, 28020, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roman Kireev
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
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Cho CH, Kim JH, Kim J, Yun JW, Park TJ, Park JP. Re-engineering of peptides with high binding affinity to develop an advanced electrochemical sensor for colon cancer diagnosis. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1146:131-139. [PMID: 33461708 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops from polyps in the inner large intestine or rectum and an increasing incidence and high mortality rate has been observed in humans. Currently, colonoscopy is the preferred modality for early CRC diagnosis. However, this technique has several limitations, such as high medical costs and intricate procedures, leading to increasing demands for the development of a new, simple, and affordable diagnostic method. In this study, an advanced electrochemical biosensor based on rationally designed affinity peptides was developed for discriminating adenoma to carcinoma progression. Amino acid-substituted and rationally designed synthetic peptides (BP3-1 to BP3-8) based on in silico modeling studies were chemically synthesized, and covalently immobilized onto a gold electrode using aromatic ring compounds through surface chemistry techniques. The binding performance of the developed sensor system was observed using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The peptide BP3-2 was selected depending on its relative binding affinity; SWV indicated the limit of detection of BP3-2 for LRG1 to be 0.025 μg/mL. This sensor could distinguish the adenoma-carcinoma transition with improved binding abilities (specificity and selectivity), and stability in plasma samples spiked with LRG1 and real samples from patients with CRC. These results indicate that this electrochemical sensor system can be used for early monitoring of the colorectal adenoma to carcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Hwan Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Interdisciplinary Convergence Research, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Pil Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Dysregulation of Key Proteins Associated with Sperm Motility and Fertility Potential in Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186754. [PMID: 32942548 PMCID: PMC7554694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has adverse effects on male reproductive health. Conventional semen analysis does not explain the molecular changes in the spermatozoa of cancer patients. Currently, proteomics is being widely used to identify the fertility-associated molecular pathways affected in spermatozoa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sperm proteome of patients with various types of cancer. Cryopreserved semen samples from patients (testicular cancer, n = 40; Hodgkin’s disease, n = 32; lymphoma, n = 20; leukemia, n = 17) before starting therapy were used for proteomic analysis, while samples from fertile donors (n = 19) were included as controls. The proteomic profiling of sperm was carried out by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and differentially expressed proteins involved in the reproductive processes were validated by Western blotting. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that proteins associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative phosphorylation, and Sirtuin signaling pathways were dysregulated in cancer patients, while oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle were predicted to be deactivated. Furthermore, the analysis revealed dysregulation of key proteins associated with sperm fertility potential and motility (NADH:Ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1, superoxide dismutase 1, SERPINA5, and cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2) in the cancer group, which were further validated by Western blot. Dysfunctional molecular mechanisms essential for fertility in cancer patients prior to therapy highlight the potential impact of cancer phenotype on male fertility.
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Romauch M. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein as an inhibitor of amine oxidase copper-containing 3. Open Biol 2020; 10:190035. [PMID: 32315567 PMCID: PMC6685929 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a major plasma protein whose levels increase in chronic energy-demanding diseases and thus serves as an important clinical biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of the development of cachexia. Current knowledge suggests that ZAG mediates progressive weight loss through β-adrenergic signalling in adipocytes, resulting in the activation of lipolysis and fat mobilization. Here, through cross-linking experiments, amine oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3) is identified as a novel ZAG binding partner. AOC3-also known as vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1) and semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO)-deaminates primary amines, thereby generating the corresponding aldehyde, H2O2 and NH3. It is an ectoenzyme largely expressed by adipocytes and induced in endothelial cells during inflammation. Extravasation of immune cells depends on amine oxidase activity and AOC3-derived H2O2 has an insulinogenic effect. The observations described here suggest that ZAG acts as an allosteric inhibitor of AOC3 and interferes with the associated pro-inflammatory and anti-lipolytic functions. Thus, inhibition of the deamination of lipolytic hormone octopamine by AOC3 represents a novel mechanism by which ZAG might stimulate lipolysis. Furthermore, experiments involving overexpression of recombinant ZAG reveal that its glycosylation is co-regulated by oxygen availability and that the pattern of glycosylation affects its inhibitory potential. The newly identified protein interaction between AOC3 and ZAG highlights a previously unknown functional relationship, which may be relevant to inflammation, energy metabolism and the development of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Romauch
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens-University, Graz, Austria
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10
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Multiplexed Proteomic Approach for Identification of Serum Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Normal AFP. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020323. [PMID: 31979338 PMCID: PMC7074125 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) has been used as a serologic indicator of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to identify an HCC-specific serum biomarker for diagnosis using a multiplexed proteomic technique in HCC patients with normal AFP levels. A total of 152 patients were included from Guro Hospital, Korea University. Among 267 identified proteins, 28 and 86 proteins showed at least a two-fold elevation or reduction in expression, respectively. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis of 41 proteins revealed 10 proteins were differentially expressed in patients with liver cirrhosis and HCC patients with normal AFP. A combination of tripartite motif22 (Trim22), seprase, and bone morphogenetic protein1 had an area under receiver operating characteristic of 0.957 for HCC diagnosis. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis of the paired tumor/non-tumor liver tissue in HCC revealed a reduced expression of Trim22 in the tumor tissue. Also, serum levels of Trim22 were significantly reduced in HCC patients with normal AFP compared to those with liver cirrhosis (p = 0.032). Inhibition of Trim22 increased cellular proliferation in human hepatoma cell lines, whereas overexpression of Trim22 decreased cellular proliferation in hepatoma cell lines. In conclusion, the combination of three serum markers improved the chance of diagnosing HCC. MRM-based quantification of the serum protein in patients with normal AFP provides the potential for early diagnosis of HCC.
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11
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Komor MA, Bosch LJ, Coupé VM, Rausch C, Pham TV, Piersma SR, Mongera S, Mulder CJ, Dekker E, Kuipers EJ, van de Wiel MA, Carvalho B, Fijneman RJ, Jimenez CR, Meijer GA, de Wit M. Proteins in stool as biomarkers for non-invasive detection of colorectal adenomas with high risk of progression. J Pathol 2020; 250:288-298. [PMID: 31784980 PMCID: PMC7065084 DOI: 10.1002/path.5369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Screening to detect colorectal cancer (CRC) in an early or premalignant state is an effective method to reduce CRC mortality rates. Current stool-based screening tests, e.g. fecal immunochemical test (FIT), have a suboptimal sensitivity for colorectal adenomas and difficulty distinguishing adenomas at high risk of progressing to cancer from those at lower risk. We aimed to identify stool protein biomarker panels that can be used for the early detection of high-risk adenomas and CRC. Proteomics data (LC-MS/MS) were collected on stool samples from adenoma (n = 71) and CRC patients (n = 81) as well as controls (n = 129). Colorectal adenoma tissue samples were characterized by low-coverage whole-genome sequencing to determine their risk of progression based on specific DNA copy number changes. Proteomics data were used for logistic regression modeling to establish protein biomarker panels. In total, 15 of the adenomas (15.8%) were defined as high risk of progressing to cancer. A protein panel, consisting of haptoglobin (Hp), LAMP1, SYNE2, and ANXA6, was identified for the detection of high-risk adenomas (sensitivity of 53% at specificity of 95%). Two panels, one consisting of Hp and LRG1 and one of Hp, LRG1, RBP4, and FN1, were identified for high-risk adenomas and CRCs detection (sensitivity of 66% and 62%, respectively, at specificity of 95%). Validation of Hp as a biomarker for high-risk adenomas and CRCs was performed using an antibody-based assay in FIT samples from a subset of individuals from the discovery series (n = 158) and an independent validation series (n = 795). Hp protein was significantly more abundant in high-risk adenoma FIT samples compared to controls in the discovery (p = 0.036) and the validation series (p = 9e-5). We conclude that Hp, LAMP1, SYNE2, LRG1, RBP4, FN1, and ANXA6 may be of value as stool biomarkers for early detection of high-risk adenomas and CRCs. © 2019 Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata A Komor
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Jw Bosch
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Mh Coupé
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Rausch
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Mongera
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Jj Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Dekker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van de Wiel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remond Ja Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike de Wit
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Serum extracellular vesicles contain SPARC and LRG1 as biomarkers of colon cancer and differ by tumour primary location. EBioMedicine 2019; 50:211-223. [PMID: 31753726 PMCID: PMC6921233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the distinction between left- and right-sided colon cancer (LCC and RCC) has been brought into focus. RCC is associated with an inferior overall survival and progression-free survival. We aimed to perform a detailed analysis of the diversity of extracellular vesicles (EV) between LCC and RCC using quantitative proteomics and to identify for new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. METHODS We isolated EVs from patients with LCC, RCC and healthy volunteers, and treated colorectal cancer cell line with serum-derived EVs. We then performed a quantitative proteomics analysis of the serum-derived EVs and cell line treated with EVs. Proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifiers PXD012283 and PXD012304. In addition, we assessed the performance of EV SPARC and LRG1 as diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers in colon cancer. FINDINGS The expression profile of the serum EV proteome in patients with RCC was different from that of patients with LCC. Serum-derived EVs in RCC promoted cellular mobility more significantly than EVs derived from LCC. EV SPARC and LRG1 expression levels demonstrated area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve values of 0.95 and 0.93 for discriminating patients with colon cancer from healthy controls. Moreover, the expression levels of SPARC and LRG1 correlated with tumour sidedness and were predictive of tumour recurrence. INTERPRETATION We identified differences in EV protein profiles between LCC and RCC. Serum-derived EVs of RCC may promote metastasis via upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins, especially SPARC and LRG1, which may serve as diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers in colon cancer.
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13
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Cohen L, Fiore-Gartland A, Randolph AG, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Wong SS, Ralston J, Wood T, Seeds R, Huang QS, Webby RJ, Thomas PG, Hertz T. A Modular Cytokine Analysis Method Reveals Novel Associations With Clinical Phenotypes and Identifies Sets of Co-signaling Cytokines Across Influenza Natural Infection Cohorts and Healthy Controls. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1338. [PMID: 31275311 PMCID: PMC6594355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines and chemokines are key signaling molecules of the immune system. Recent technological advances enable measurement of multiplexed cytokine profiles in biological samples. These profiles can then be used to identify potential biomarkers of a variety of clinical phenotypes. However, testing for such associations for each cytokine separately ignores the highly context-dependent covariation in cytokine secretion and decreases statistical power to detect associations due to multiple hypothesis testing. Here we present CytoMod-a novel data-driven approach for analysis of cytokine profiles that uses unsupervised clustering and regression to identify putative functional modules of co-signaling cytokines. Each module represents a biosignature of co-signaling cytokines. We applied this approach to three independent clinical cohorts of subjects naturally infected with influenza in which cytokine profiles and clinical phenotypes were collected. We found that in two out of three cohorts, cytokine modules were significantly associated with clinical phenotypes, and in many cases these associations were stronger than the associations of the individual cytokines within them. By comparing cytokine modules across datasets, we identified cytokine "cores"-specific subsets of co-expressed cytokines that clustered together across the three cohorts. Cytokine cores were also associated with clinical phenotypes. Interestingly, most of these cores were also co-expressed in a cohort of healthy controls, suggesting that in part, patterns of cytokine co-signaling may be generalizable. CytoMod can be readily applied to any cytokine profile dataset regardless of measurement technology, increases the statistical power to detect associations with clinical phenotypes and may help shed light on the complex co-signaling networks of cytokines in both health and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liel Cohen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Andrew Fiore-Gartland
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Adrienne G. Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Department of Pediatrics, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sook-San Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jacqui Ralston
- Institute for Environmental Science and Research, National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Timothy Wood
- Institute for Environmental Science and Research, National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Ruth Seeds
- Institute for Environmental Science and Research, National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Q. Sue Huang
- Institute for Environmental Science and Research, National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Tomer Hertz
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
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14
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邱 峰, 陈 富, 刘 冬, 徐 建, 何 静, 肖 菊, 操 龙, 黄 宪. [LC-MS/MS-based screening of new protein biomarkers for cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancer]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:13-22. [PMID: 30692061 PMCID: PMC6765587 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen potential plasma protein biomarkers for the progression of cervical precancerous lesions into cervical carcinoma and analyze their functions. METHODS Plasma samples obtained from healthy control subjects, patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), cervical cancer (CC), and patients with CC after treatment were enriched for low-abundance proteins for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The MS data of the samples were analyzed using Discoverer 2.2 software, and the differential proteins (peptide coverage ≥20%, unique peptides≥2) were screened by comparison of LSIL, HSIL and CC groups against the control group followed by verification using target proteomics technology. Protein function enrichment and coexpression analyses were carried out to explore the role of the differentially expressed proteins as potential biomarkers and their pathological mechanisms. RESULTS Compared with the control group, both LSIL group and HSIL group showed 9 differential proteins; 5 differentially expressed proteins were identified in CC group. The proteins ORM2 and HPR showed obvious differential expressions in LSIL and HSIL groups compared with the control group, and could serve as potential biomarkers for the progression of cervical carcinoma. The expression of F9 increased consistently with the lesion progression from LSIL to HSIL and CC, suggesting its value as a potential biomarker for the progression of cervical cancer. CFI and AFM protein levels were obviously decreased in treated patients with CC compared with the patients before treatment, indicating their predictive value for the therapeutic efficacy. Protein function enrichment analysis showed that all these differentially expressed proteins were associated with the complement system and the coagulation cascades pathway. CONCLUSIONS We identified 5 new protein biomarkers (F9, CFI, AFM, HPR, and ORM2) for cervical precancerous lesions and for prognostic evaluation of CC, and combined detection of these biomarkers may help in the evaluation of the development and progression of CC and also in improving the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- 峰 邱
- 南方医科大学南海医院全科医学中心,广东 佛山 528244General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528244, China
| | - 富 陈
- 广东省中医院检验科,广东 广州 510120Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - 冬冬 刘
- 广东省中医院检验科,广东 广州 510120Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - 建华 徐
- 广东省中医院检验科,广东 广州 510120Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - 静玲 何
- 广东省中医院妇科,广东 广州 510120Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - 菊姣 肖
- 南方医科大学南海医院全科医学中心,广东 佛山 528244General Practice Center, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528244, China
| | - 龙斌 操
- 南方医科大学南海医院医学检验科,广东 佛山 528244Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528244, China
| | - 宪章 黄
- 广东省中医院检验科,广东 广州 510120Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
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15
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Belczacka I, Latosinska A, Metzger J, Marx D, Vlahou A, Mischak H, Frantzi M. Proteomics biomarkers for solid tumors: Current status and future prospects. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:49-78. [PMID: 29889308 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous multifactorial disease, which continues to be one of the main causes of death worldwide. Despite the extensive efforts for establishing accurate diagnostic assays and efficient therapeutic schemes, disease prevalence is on the rise, in part, however, also due to improved early detection. For years, studies were focused on genomics and transcriptomics, aiming at the discovery of new tests with diagnostic or prognostic potential. However, cancer phenotypic characteristics seem most likely to be a direct reflection of changes in protein metabolism and function, which are also the targets of most drugs. Investigations at the protein level are therefore advantageous particularly in the case of in-depth characterization of tumor progression and invasiveness. Innovative high-throughput proteomic technologies are available to accurately evaluate cancer formation and progression and to investigate the functional role of key proteins in cancer. Employing these new highly sensitive proteomic technologies, cancer biomarkers may be detectable that contribute to diagnosis and guide curative treatment when still possible. In this review, the recent advances in proteomic biomarker research in cancer are outlined, with special emphasis placed on the identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for solid tumors. In view of the increasing number of screening programs and clinical trials investigating new treatment options, we discuss the molecular connections of the biomarkers as well as their potential as clinically useful tools for diagnosis, risk stratification and therapy monitoring of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Belczacka
- Mosaiques-Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - David Marx
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Transplantation Rénale, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), University of Strasbourg, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
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16
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Pang L, Duan N, Xu D, Jiao L, Huang C, Du J, Guo Q, Li H. Urine afamin and afamin-creatinine ratio as biomarkers for kidney injury. Biomark Med 2018; 12:1241-1249. [PMID: 30433819 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the urine afamin (uAFM) and afamin-creatinine ratio (AfCR) levels in patients with glomerulonephritis. PATIENTS & METHODS We determined uAFM and AfCR of 247 healthy volunteers and 129 biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis patients. RESULTS Analytical evaluation study revealed the assay is a reliable and robust test for measuring uAFM. For reference intervals, uAFM and AfCR values were different significantly between males and females. uAFM and AfCR levels were significantly increased in patients with primary membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy and minimal change disease compared with healthy volunteers. uAFM and AfCR were positively correlated with urine albumin and albumin-creatinine ratio, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that uAFM and AfCR may be attractive biomarkers for kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
| | - Nan Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lili Jiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chenwei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jialin Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
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17
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Zhang Q, Huang R, Tang Q, Yu Y, Huang Q, Chen Y, Wang G, Wang X. Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 is up-regulated in colorectal cancer and is a tumor promoter. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2745-2752. [PMID: 29785123 PMCID: PMC5955028 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s153375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein-1 (LRG1) is differentially expressed in many kinds of diseases including cancer, however, it has not been thoroughly studied yet. Purpose The objective of this study was to detect the expression and potential mechanism of LRG1 in colorectal cancer (CRC). In our study, we examined LRG1 levels in CRC tissue and plasma with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The effect of LRG1 on cancer cells was detected with transwell and MTT assays. Results The average plasma LRG1 level in CRC was significantly higher than in polyp group (P=0.002) and healthy controls (P<0.001). Second, plasma LRG1 was positively associated with CA19-9 (r=0.133, P=0.039) and neutrophil ratio (r=0.403, P<0.001). Third, plasma LRG1 of stage IV patients was dramatically different from that of stage I, stage II or stage III patients (P<0.001). LRG1 mRNA expression levels were about 2-fold higher in CRCs compared to normal tissues (P<0.001). And levels of plasma LRG1 were found to be a risk factor in CRC in univariate survival analysis of colorectal prognosis (P=0.013, hazard ratio [HR]=1.803, 95% CI: 1.521-2.137), and multivariate analysis showed that LRG1 was an independent risk factor (P<0.001, HR=1.492, 95% CI: 1.223-1.820). The patients with higher plasma LRG1 value presented with poorer outcome (P=0.013). Functional experiments showed that LRG1 could promote the invasion and growth ability of cells. LRG1 was increased in plasma and tissue compared with that of controls and LRG1 may predict prognosis of CRC patients and LRG1 maybe a tumor promoter. Conclusion LRG1 is increased in CRC patients and might serve as a tumor promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Colorectal Cancer Center, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Colorectal Cancer Center, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingchao Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Colorectal Cancer Center, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Colorectal Cancer Center, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Quanlong Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Colorectal Cancer Center, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yinggang Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Colorectal Cancer Center, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Colorectal Cancer Center, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xishan Wang
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Colorectal Cancer Institute of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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18
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Heawchaiyaphum C, Pientong C, Phusingha P, Vatanasapt P, Promthet S, Daduang J, Teeramatwanich W, Kongyingyoes B, Chuerduangphui J, Ekalaksananan T. Peroxiredoxin-2 and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein as potentially combined novel salivary biomarkers for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma using proteomic approaches. J Proteomics 2017; 173:52-61. [PMID: 29199150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
No effective screening method is available for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) that is recognized to influence by environmental factors as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Therefore, we sought to identify salivary biomarkers for screening of OSCC with or without HPV and/or EBV infection. Saliva, lesion and oral exfoliated cells were collected from OSCC patients and cancer-free controls (CFCs) and grouped depending on their HPV- and EBV-infection status. Salivary protein was precipitated and subjected to 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Differential expression of proteins was identified by mass spectrometry and validated by Western blotting. Distinctive expression patterns of salivary proteins were detected in OSCC as compared with CFCs. Levels of peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX-2) and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) were significantly up-regulated in OSCC cases (p<0.001) relative to CFCs. Similarly, these proteins were also up-regulated in lesion cells compared with oral exfoliated cells (p<0.001). However, the expression patterns of these proteins were not significantly influenced by patient histories (risk factors). In combination, these proteins yielded the highest discriminatory power (AUC=0.999), sensitivity (100%), and specificity (98.77%) in distinguishing the early stages of OSCC. The detection of PRDX-2 combining with ZAG protein could potentially be used as salivary biomarkers for early screening of OSCC. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings demonstrate a useful of combined detection of PRDX-2 and ZAG as a salivary biomarker for the early detection of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukkris Heawchaiyaphum
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Pensiri Phusingha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Patravoot Vatanasapt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Supannee Promthet
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Jureerut Daduang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Watchareporn Teeramatwanich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Bunkerd Kongyingyoes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Jureeporn Chuerduangphui
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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Lim JM, Ryu MY, Yun JW, Park TJ, Park JP. Electrochemical peptide sensor for diagnosing adenoma-carcinoma transition in colon cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 98:330-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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LRG1 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via RUNX1 activation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175122. [PMID: 28376129 PMCID: PMC5380360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) has been shown to be involved in various human malignancies. Whether it plays a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether and through what mechanism LRG1 functions in human CRC cells. The plasma level of LRG1 was significantly increased in CRC patients, but it was remarkably decreased in patients with resected colorectal cancers. Meanwhile, both mRNA and protein levels of LRG1 were remarkable overexpressed in CRC tissues than normal tissues. The knockdown of LRG1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and promoted apoptosis in SW480 and HCT116 cells in vitro. In addition, LRG1 silencing led to the downregulation of the levels of key cell cycle factors, such as cyclin D1, B, and E and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2). However, it up-regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, RUNX1 could be induced by LRG1 in a concentration-dependent manner, while the knockdown of RUNX1 blocked the promotion of the proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis induced by LRG1. Collectively, these findings indicate that LRG1 plays a crucial role in the proliferation and apoptosis of CRC by regulating RUNX1 expression. Thus, LRG1 may be a potential detection biomarker as well as a marker for monitoring recurrence and therapeutic target for CRC.
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Sun DC, Shi Y, Wang LX, Lv Y, Han QL, Wang ZK, Dai GH. Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1, relevant with microvessel density, is an independent survival prognostic factor for stage III colorectal cancer patients: a retrospective analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66550-66558. [PMID: 29029535 PMCID: PMC5630435 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 (encoded by LRG1) has been shown to be involved in multiple cancer progression and angiogenesis. LRG1 has been shown to be one of the five plasma proteins that can be used for colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. The objective of the current study was to explore relationship between LRG1 protein expression and microvessel density (MVD) in stage III CRC. Methods A single-center retrospective analysis of all stage III CRC who underwent surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy was carried out. LRG1 and CD34 were tested in tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results LRG1 protein expression was significantly associated with MVD (P <0.001) and other clinicopathological parameters, including T stage (P=0.028), differentiation (P=0.035) and vascular invasion (P=0.007). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that LRG1 protein expression was an independent poor predictive factor for both disease-free and overall survival. Conclusion LRG1 protein expression can be used as a prognostic marker for stage III CRC along with its use as a diagnostic marker for CRC in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Cong Sun
- The Second Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Shi
- The Second Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Xiong Wang
- The Second Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Current Adress: Cancer Center Key Laboratory, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Lv
- The Second Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quan-Li Han
- The Second Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Kuan Wang
- The Second Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hai Dai
- The Second Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Corbo C, Cevenini A, Salvatore F. Biomarker discovery by proteomics-based approaches for early detection and personalized medicine in colorectal cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [PMID: 28019089 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
About one million people per year develop colorectal cancer (CRC) and approximately half of them die. The extent of the disease (i.e. local invasion at the time of diagnosis) is a key prognostic factor. The 5-year survival rate is almost 90% in the case of delimited CRC and 10% in the case of metastasized CRC. Hence, one of the great challenges in the battle against CRC is to improve early diagnosis strategies. Large-scale proteomic approaches are widely used in cancer research to search for novel biomarkers. Such biomarkers can help in improving the accuracy of the diagnosis and in the optimization of personalized therapy. Herein, we provide an overview of studies published in the last 5 years on CRC that led to the identification of protein biomarkers suitable for clinical application by using proteomic approaches. We discussed these findings according to biomarker application, including also the role of protein phosphorylation and cancer stem cells in biomarker discovery. Our review provides a cross section of scientific approaches and can furnish suggestions for future experimental strategies to be used as reference by scientists, clinicians and researchers interested in proteomics for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Corbo
- CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnology s.c.a.r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, Naples, Italy.,Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Armando Cevenini
- CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnology s.c.a.r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnology s.c.a.r.l., Via G. Salvatore 486, Naples, Italy
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23
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Huang Z, Ma L, Huang C, Li Q, Nice EC. Proteomic profiling of human plasma for cancer biomarker discovery. Proteomics 2016; 17. [PMID: 27550791 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology; The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College; Haikou P. R. China
- Criminal police detachment of Guang'an City Public Security Bureau; P. R. China
| | - Linguang Ma
- Criminal police detachment of Guang'an City Public Security Bureau; P. R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Qifu Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology; The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College; Haikou P. R. China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Monash University; Clayton Australia
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24
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Shen CT, Wei WJ, Qiu ZL, Song HJ, Luo QY. Afamin promotes glucose metabolism in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 434:108-15. [PMID: 27329154 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Circulating afamin (AFM) concentrations have been investigated as a tumor biomarker in various types of carcinomas. However, suitable cell lines expressing human afamin have not yet been reported and current knowledge of the functions of afamin, particularly at the mechanistic molecular level, is very limited. In the current study, thyroid cancer cell lines 8505c and K1 were used to investigate the potential functions of afamin. AFM over-expression models and vector controls of 8505c (8505c + AFM and 8505c + NC) and K1 (K1 + AFM and K1 + NC) were successfully established by Lenti-LV5-AFM and Lenti-LV5-NC transfection. The change of gene expression was detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting analysis. (18)F-FDG imaging in xenografts model was performed using a micro PET/CT. We found that protein level of GAPDH, GLUT1, HK2, p-AKT, AKT, p-mTOR and PARP1 were up-regulated in K1 + AFM cells when compared to K1 and K1 + NC. While in 8505c, 8505c + NC and 8505c cells, the expression level of these genes were not significantly changed. (18)F-FDG uptake was much higher in K1 + AFM cells when compared to K1 and K1 + NC in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, afamin could promote glycometabolism by up-regulating the glucose metabolism key enzymes in papillary thyroid carcinoma. These findings reveal new clues of the molecular function of AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Tian Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Wei-Jun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Zhong-Ling Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Hong-Jun Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
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25
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Sharp SP, Avram D, Stain SC, Lee EC. Local and systemic Th17 immune response associated with advanced stage colon cancer. J Surg Res 2016; 208:180-186. [PMID: 27993206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how the immunologic microenvironment changes during tumor progression and metastatic spread. Recently, murine models have shown the T-helper 17 (Th17) pathway to play an important role in promoting colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to compare cytokine profiles in the tumor microenvironment of CRC between local disease (stages I/II) and advanced disease (stages III/IV), and to determine whether these changes were manifest in the systemic circulation of patients with advanced disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum and tissue cytokine profiles were assayed among patients with documented adenocarcinoma before surgical resection at a single institution from September 2014 to February 2015. Using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Th17 Cytokine Assay Kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories), the concentrations of multiple cytokines were determined. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between TNM staging and cytokine levels. RESULTS A total of 33 patients with documented adenocarcinoma were included. None of the patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. American Joint Commission on Cancer TNM classification was used. Advanced disease was associated with elevated tumor levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-17F, and only stage IV showed elevated systemic levels of Th17-associated cytokines IL-17F, IL-23, and IL-25. CONCLUSIONS The Th17 pathway likely has important mechanistic implications in human CRC. Metastatic disease was associated with elevated Th17-associated cytokines both in colonic tissue and systemically. These changes in systemic expression of Th17-associated cytokines could establish novel pathways for CRC and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Sharp
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Dorina Avram
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Steven C Stain
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Edward C Lee
- Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York.
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Alnabulsi A, Murray GI. Integrative analysis of the colorectal cancer proteome: potential clinical impact. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:917-927. [PMID: 27598033 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1233062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common types of cancer that affects a significant proportion of the population and is a major contributor to cancer related mortality. The relatively poor survival rate of CRC could be improved through the identification of clinically useful biomarkers. Areas covered: This review highlights the need for biomarkers and discusses recent proteomics discoveries in the aspects of CRC clinical practice including diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, screening and molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE). Studies have been evaluated in relation to biomarker target, methodology, sample selection, limitations, and potential impact. Finally, the progress in proteomic approaches is briefly discussed and the main difficulties facing the translation of proteomics biomarkers into the clinical practice are highlighted. Expert commentary: The establishment of specific guidelines, best practice recommendations and the improvement in proteomic strategies will significantly improve the prospects for developing clinically useful biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Alnabulsi
- a Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK.,b Zoology Building , Vertebrate Antibodies , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Graeme I Murray
- a Pathology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition , University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK
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Quantitative proteomic analysis exploring progression of colorectal cancer: Modulation of the serpin family. J Proteomics 2016; 148:139-48. [PMID: 27492143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cause of cancer related-death in developed countries. The mortality risk is correlated with the stage of CRC determined at the primary diagnosis and early diagnosis is associated with enhanced survival rate. Currently, only faecal occult blood tests are used to screen for CRC. Consequently, there is an incentive to identify specific markers of CRC. We used quantitative proteomic analysis of serum samples to characterize protein profiles in adenoma, CRC and healthy control samples. We identified 89 distinct proteins modulated between normal, colorectal adenoma and carcinoma patients. This list emphasizes proteins involved in enzyme regulator activities and in particular the serpin family. In serum samples, protein profiles of three members of the serpin family (SERPINA1, SERPINA3 and SERPINC1) were confirmed by ELISA assays. We obtained sensitivity/specificity values of 95%/95% for both SERPINA1 and SERPINC1, and 95%/55% for SERPINA3. This study supports the idea that serum proteins can discriminate adenoma and CRC patients from unaffected patients and reveals a panel of regulated proteins that might be useful for selecting patients for colonoscopy. By evaluating SERPINA1, SERPINA3 and SERPINC1, we highlight the potential role of the serpin family during the development and progression of CRC. SIGNIFICANCE Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cause of cancer mortality throughout the world. However, very few CRC biomarkers have satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in clinical practice. To the best of our knowledge our study is the first to profile sera proteomes between adenoma, CRC and healthy patients. We report a comprehensive list of proteins that may be used as early diagnostic biomarkers of CRC. It is noteworthy that 17% of these modulated proteins have been previously described as candidate biomarkers in CRC. Enzyme regulator activity was found to be the main molecular function among these proteins and, in particular, there was an enrichment of members of the serpin family. The subsequent verification on a new cohort by ELISA demonstrates that these serpins could be useful to discriminate healthy from colorectal carcinoma patients with a high sensitivity and specificity. The combination of these biomarkers should increase predictive powers of CRC diagnosis. The remaining candidates form a reserve for further evaluation of additional biomarkers for CRC diagnosis.
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28
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Hwang HJ, Ryu MY, Lee GB, Park JP. Selection of High Affinity Peptides for Prediction of Colorectal Adenoma-to-Carcinoma Progression. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Daegu Haany University; 290 Yugok-dong Gyeongsan 38610 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Yi Ryu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Daegu Haany University; 290 Yugok-dong Gyeongsan 38610 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Bum Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Daegu Haany University; 290 Yugok-dong Gyeongsan 38610 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Daegu Haany University; 290 Yugok-dong Gyeongsan 38610 Republic of Korea
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29
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Comstock SS, Xu D, Hortos K, Kovan B, McCaskey S, Pathak DR, Fenton JI. Association of serum cytokines with colorectal polyp number and type in adult males. Eur J Cancer Prev 2016; 25:173-81. [PMID: 25793917 PMCID: PMC4575597 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis. To determine whether serum cytokines are associated with colon polyps, 126 asymptomatic men (48-65 years) were recruited during colonoscopy. Serum cytokine concentrations were measured. Odds ratios were determined using polytomous logistic regression for polyp number and type. Men with serum monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3) or soluble interleukin-4 receptor (sIL-4R) concentrations in the highest tertile were 0.2 times less likely to have three or more polyps relative to no polyps. For each increase in serum MCP-3 or sIL-4R tertile a man was about 0.4 times less likely to have three or more polyps than to have no polyps. Men with serum concentrations of interferon-α2 (IFN-α2) or interleukin (IL)-7 in the highest tertile were three times more likely to have an adenoma than no polyps. Those with serum IL-8 concentrations in the highest tertile were four times more likely to have an adenoma than no polyps. For each increase in serum IFN-α2, IL-7, or IL-8 tertile an individual was 1.8 times more likely to have an adenoma than to have no polyps. Serum concentrations of MCP-3, sIL-4R, IFN-α2, IL-7, and IL-8 may indicate which men are more likely to have colorectal polyps.
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Identification of GlcNAcylated alpha-1-antichymotrypsin as an early biomarker in human non-small-cell lung cancer by quantitative proteomic analysis with two lectins. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:532-44. [PMID: 26908325 PMCID: PMC4782198 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main type of lung cancer with high mortality rates in worldwide. There is a need to identify better biomarkers to detect NSCLC at an early stage as this will improve therapeutic effect and patient survival rates. Methods: Two lectins (AAL/AAGL and AAL2/AANL), which specifically bind to tumour-related glycan antigens, were first used to enrich serum glycoproteins from the serum of early NSCLC patients, benign lung diseases subjects and healthy individuals. The samples were investigated by using iTRAQ labelling and LC-MS/MS. Results: A total of 53 differentially expressed proteins were identified by quantitative proteomics and four glycoproteins (AACT, AGP1, CFB and HPX) were selected for further verification by western blotting. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed AACT was the best candidate for early NSCLC diagnosis of the four proteins, with 94.1% sensitivity in distinguishing early tumour Stage (IA+IB) from tumour-free samples (healthy and benign samples, HB). The GlcNAcylated AACT was further detected by lectin-based ELISA and has better advantage in clinical application than total AACT. The GlcNAcylated AACT can effectively differentiate Stage I from HB samples with an AUC of 0.908 and 90.9% sensitivity at a specificity of 86.2%. A combination of GlcNAcylated AACT and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was able to effectively differing Stage I from HB samples (AUC=0.914), which significantly improve the specificity of CEA. The combination application also has the better clinical diagnostic efficacy in distinguishing cancer (NSCLC) from HB samples than CEA or GlcNAcylated AACT used alone, and yielded an AUC of 0.817 with 93.1% specificity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the GlcNAcylated AACT will be a promising clinical biomarker in diagnosis of early NSCLC.
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Zhang J, Zhu L, Fang J, Ge Z, Li X. LRG1 modulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer via HIF-1α activation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:29. [PMID: 26856989 PMCID: PMC4746930 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Leucine-rich-alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) has been reported to be involved in several tumors, whether it participates in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remains unclear. Here, we investigated the biological function and underlying molecular mechanisms of LRG1 in CRC. Methods The mRNA and protein levels of LRG1 were assessed in CRC tissues through RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. HCT116 and SW480 cells were treated with LRG1 siRNA, control siRNA, or recombinant LRG1. Transwell invasion assays and wound healing assays were performed to evaluate the invasion and migration of CRC cells. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers of E-cadherin, VDR, N-cadherin, α-SMA, Vimentin and Twist1 were detected by RT-PCR and western blot. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the secretion level of VEGF-A. Conditioned medium from CRC cells was collected for endothelial cell migration, tube formation and aortic ring sprouting assays. Results LRG1 was overexpressed in CRC tissues and associated with cancer aggressiveness. LRG1 was further found to induce the EMT process, as well as CRC cell migration and invasion capacity. In addition, LRG1 promoted VEGF-A expression in CRC cells and contributed to tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, HIF-1α could be induced by LRG1 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which was responsible for LRG1-induced VEGF-A expression and EMT. Conclusions The present study suggests that LRG1 plays a crucial role in the progression of CRC by regulating HIF-1α expression, thereby may be a promising therapeutic target of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Lingyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Zhizheng Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China.
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Simultaneous Analysis of SEPT9 Promoter Methylation Status, Micronuclei Frequency, and Folate-Related Gene Polymorphisms: The Potential for a Novel Blood-Based Colorectal Cancer Biomarker. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28486-97. [PMID: 26633373 PMCID: PMC4691060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One challenge in colorectal cancer (CRC) is identifying novel biomarkers to be introduced in screening programs. The present study investigated the promoter methylation status of the SEPT9 gene in peripheral blood samples of subjects' positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT). In order to add new insights, we investigated the association between SEPT9 promoter methylation and micronuclei frequency, and polymorphisms in the folate-related pathway genes. SEPT9 promoter methylation, micronuclei frequency, and genotypes were evaluated on 74 individuals' FOBT positive. Individuals were subjected to a colonoscopy that provided written informed consent for study participation. SEPT9 promoter methylation status was significantly lower in the CRC group than controls (p = 0.0006). In contrast, the CaCo2 cell-line, analyzed as a tissue specific model of colon adenocarcinoma, showed a significantly higher percentage of SEPT9 promoter methylation compared to the CRC group (p < 0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed an inverse correlation between micronuclei frequency and the decrease in the methylation levels of SEPT9 promoter region among CRC patients (β = -0.926, p = 0.0001). With regard to genotype analysis, we showed the involvement of the DHFR polymorphism (rs70991108) in SEPT9 promoter methylation level in CRC patients only. In particular, the presence of at least one 19 bp del allele significantly correlates with decreased SEPT9 promoter methylation, compared to the 19 bp ins/ins genotype (p = 0.007). While remaining aware of the strengths and limitations of the study, this represents the first evidence of a novel approach for the early detection of CRC, using SEPT9 promoter methylation, micronuclei frequency and genotypes, with the potential to improve CRC risk assessment.
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Wang Y, Shan Q, Hou G, Zhang J, Bai J, Lv X, Xie Y, Zhu H, Su S, Li Y, Zi J, Lin L, Han W, Zhao X, Wang H, Xu N, Wu L, Lou X, Liu S. Discovery of potential colorectal cancer serum biomarkers through quantitative proteomics on the colonic tissue interstitial fluids from the AOM-DSS mouse model. J Proteomics 2015; 132:31-40. [PMID: 26581642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Quantitative proteomic analysis was performed using iTRAQ to discover colorectal cancer (CRC)-related proteins in tissue interstitial fluids (TIFs). A typical inflammation-related CRC mouse model was generated using azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate (AOM-DSS), and TIFs were collected from these mice in four stages during CRC development. Using stringent criteria, a total of 144 proteins displayed changes in their abundances during tumor growth, including 45 that consecutively increased, 17 that consecutively decreased and 82 that changed irregularly. Of these 144 proteins, 24 of the consecutively changed proteins were measured using MRM in individual TIF samples, and 18 were verified. Twelve proteins verified to be consecutively increased in TIFs were examined using MRM to evaluate changes in their abundance in individual mouse serum samples. The abundances of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1), tubulin beta-5 chain (TUBB5) and immunoglobulin J chain (IGJ) were significantly higher in CRC mice than in control mice. Using clinical samples and MRM, we further verified that LRG1 and TUBB5 are potential CRC serum biomarkers. These data demonstrate that coupling dynamic TIF proteomics with targeted serum proteomics in an animal model is a promising avenue for pursuing the discovery of tumor serum biomarkers. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most dangerous diseases worldwide. However, few of CRC biomarkers possess satisfied specificity and sensitivity in clinical practices. Exploration of more CRC biomarkers, especially in serum, is an urgent and also a time-consuming campaign in the CRC study. Our study demonstrates that quantitatively evaluating the phase-dependent proteins in colonic tissue interstitial fluids from AOM-DSS mice is a feasible and effective way for exploration of the CRC-related proteins and the potential serum biomarkers. We identified two proteins, LRG1 and TUBB5, which may be practicable in human clinical samples as CRC serum biomarkers. To sum up, this study provides a novel angle to explore the critical factors in tumorigenesis and a new pipeline for potential serum biomarker discovery and verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Shan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guixue Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaolei Lv
- Beijing Protein Innovation, Beijing 101318, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huishan Zhu
- Beijing Protein Innovation, Beijing 101318, China
| | - Siyuan Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Protein Innovation, Beijing 101318, China
| | - Jin Zi
- Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Liang Lin
- Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Wenxiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaomin Lou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Siqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China.
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Li JL, Chen J, Han M, Liu LX, Gong M, Li X, Wen P, Liu AL, Qin ZL, Han RF, Wen JB. Association of ITGA2 C807T polymorphism with risk of colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4358-4367. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i27.4358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the impact of the ITGA2 C807T gene polymorphism on the risk of colorectal adenoma (CRA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) in a Chinese Han population.
METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted, including 95 healthy controls, 48 patients with CRA and 89 patients with CRC. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Association of the genotypes with the clinical and pathological features of CRC was evaluated.
RESULTS: The frequencies of the genotypes and alleles in CRC were significantly different from those of controls, but there were no significant differences between CRA and controls. Compared with individuals with the wild type genotype CC, subjects with the variant genotypes (CT + TT) had a significantly higher risk of CRA and CRC. In stratified analyses, the elevated CRC risk was especially evident in older individuals, females, smokers, drinkers, well-educated subjects, mental workers and urban subjects. However, no correlation was observed between CRA patients and controls in stratified analyses. When stratified by clinicopathological features such as lesion distribution, pathology subtype, tumor size, differentiation degree, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and Duke's stage in patients with CRC, no associations were observed in the polymorphism distributions.
CONCLUSION: The ITGA2 C807T polymorphism may be associated with an increased risk of CRA and CRC.
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Changes of immunocytic phenotypes and functions from human colorectal adenomatous stage to cancerous stage: Update. Immunobiology 2015; 220:1186-96. [PMID: 26153874 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is believed that chronic inflammation as seen in patients with ulcerative colitis significantly increases the colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and functions as the main driving force for the development of colitis associated CRC. Recently, increasing evidences suggest that inflammation is also involved in the processing of sporadic CRCs that mostly develop from the preformed adenomas through a long-term progression. Within the adenoma/CRC tumor microenvironment, high dense immunocytes with significant phenotypic and functional changes have been observed. These cells might produce high level of inflammatory mediators and then affect the adenoma-cancer transition. In this review, we summarize the update on altered phenotypes and inflammatory mediators within the tumor microenvironment from the adenomatous stage to the cancerous stage, and discuss the significance of inflammatory mediators as biomarkers in predicating the progression from the premalignant adenoma lesion to the sporadic CRC lesion and the potential as therapeutic targets.
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Afamin--A pleiotropic glycoprotein involved in various disease states. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 446:105-10. [PMID: 25892677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The human glycoprotein afamin was discovered as the fourth member of the albumin gene family. Despite intense research over the last 20 years, our knowledge of afamin's physiological or pathophysiological functions is still very limited. Circulating afamin is primarily of hepatic origin and abundant concentrations are found in plasma, cerebrospinal, ovarian follicular and seminal fluids. In vitro binding studies revealed specific binding properties for vitamin E. A previously performed analytical characterization and clinical evaluation study of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitative measurement of afamin in human plasma demonstrated that the afamin assay meets the quality specifications for laboratory medicine. Comparative proteomics has identified afamin as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer and these findings were confirmed by quantitative immunoassay of afamin and validated in independent cohorts of patients with ovarian cancer. Afamin has also been investigated in other types of carcinoma. Most of these studies await further evaluation with validated quantitative afamin assays and require validation in larger patient cohorts. Transgenic mice overexpressing the human afamin gene revealed increased body weight and increased blood concentrations of lipids and glucose. These transgenic mouse data were in line with three large human population-based studies showing that afamin is strongly associated with the prevalence and development of the metabolic syndrome. This review summarizes and discusses the molecular, biochemical and analytical characterization of afamin as well as possible clinical applications of afamin measurement.
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Mahboob S, Ahn SB, Cheruku HR, Cantor D, Rennel E, Fredriksson S, Edfeldt G, Breen EJ, Khan A, Mohamedali A, Muktadir MG, Ranganathan S, Tan SH, Nice E, Baker MS. A novel multiplexed immunoassay identifies CEA, IL-8 and prolactin as prospective markers for Dukes' stages A-D colorectal cancers. Clin Proteomics 2015; 12:10. [PMID: 25987887 PMCID: PMC4435647 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-015-9081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current methods widely deployed for colorectal cancers (CRC) screening lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity required for population-based early disease detection. Cancer-specific protein biomarkers are thought to be produced either by the tumor itself or other tissues in response to the presence of cancers or associated conditions. Equally, known examples of cancer protein biomarkers (e.g., PSA, CA125, CA19-9, CEA, AFP) are frequently found in plasma at very low concentration (pg/mL-ng/mL). New sensitive and specific assays are therefore urgently required to detect the disease at an early stage when prognosis is good following surgical resection. This study was designed to meet the longstanding unmet clinical need for earlier CRC detection by measuring plasma candidate biomarkers of cancer onset and progression in a clinical stage-specific manner. EDTA plasma samples (1 μL) obtained from 75 patients with Dukes’ staged CRC or unaffected controls (age and sex matched with stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria) were assayed for expression of 92 human proteins employing the Proseek® Multiplex Oncology I proximity extension assay. An identical set of plasma samples were analyzed utilizing the Bio-Plex Pro™ human cytokine 27-plex immunoassay. Results Similar quantitative expression patterns for 13 plasma antigens common to both platforms endorsed the potential efficacy of Proseek as an immune-based multiplex assay for proteomic biomarker research. Proseek found that expression of Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA), IL-8 and prolactin are significantly correlated with CRC stage. Conclusions CEA, IL-8 and prolactin expression were found to identify between control (unaffected), non-malignant (Dukes’ A + B) and malignant (Dukes’ C + D) stages. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12014-015-9081-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Mahboob
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Rm1, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Seong Beom Ahn
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Rm1, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Harish R Cheruku
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Rm1, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - David Cantor
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Rm1, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Emma Rennel
- Olink Bioscience, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg, 54A, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Edmond J Breen
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Alamgir Khan
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Abidali Mohamedali
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Md Golam Muktadir
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shoba Ranganathan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Sock-Hwee Tan
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Rm1, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Edouard Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Mark S Baker
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Rm1, Level 1, 75 Talavera Road, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
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Henry CJ, Sedjo RL, Rozhok A, Salstrom J, Ahnen D, Levin TR, D'Agostino R, Haffner S, DeGregori J, Byers T. Lack of significant association between serum inflammatory cytokine profiles and the presence of colorectal adenoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:123. [PMID: 25884547 PMCID: PMC4359784 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1115-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory cytokines in the colonic microenvironment have been shown to increase with advance colorectal cancer disease state. However, the contribution of inflammatory cytokines to pre-malignant disease, such as the formation of adenomas, is unclear. Methods Using the Milliplex® MAP Human Cytokine/ Chemokine Magnetic Bead Panel Immunoassay, serum cytokine and chemokine profiles were assayed among participants without an adenoma (n = 97) and those with an adenoma (n = 97) enrolled in the NCI-funded Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Colon Study. The concentrations of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-12(p70), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) were determined. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between adenoma prevalence and cytokine levels. Results The presence of colorectal adenomas was not associated with significant increases in the systemic levels of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) or T-cell polarizing (IL-12, IL-2, IL-10, IL-4, IL-17, IFN-γ) cytokines. Furthermore, MCP-1 and RANTES levels were equivalent in the serum of study participants with and without adenomas. Conclusions These findings suggest colorectal adenoma prevalence may not be associated with significant alterations in systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis J Henry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, MS 8010, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045. .,Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, USA, 80206.
| | - Rebecca L Sedjo
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 East 17th Place, MS F519, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045.
| | - Andrii Rozhok
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, MS 8010, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045.
| | - Jennifer Salstrom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, MS 8010, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045.
| | - Dennis Ahnen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045.
| | - Theodore R Levin
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, USA, 94612.
| | - Ralph D'Agostino
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Section on Biostatistics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, USA, 27157.
| | - Steven Haffner
- University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, USA, 78229.
| | - James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, MS 8010, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045. .,Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO, USA, 80206.
| | - Tim Byers
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 East 17th Place, B119 Building 500, Room W3122, Aurora, CO, USA, 80045.
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Bertuzzi M, Marelli C, Bagnati R, Colombi A, Fanelli R, Saieva C, Ceroti M, Bendinelli B, Caini S, Airoldi L, Palli D. Plasma clusterin as a candidate pre-diagnosis marker of colorectal cancer risk in the Florence cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition: a pilot study. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:56. [PMID: 25884309 PMCID: PMC4334607 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is one of the major causes of cancer mortality world-wide. Prevention would improve if at-risk subjects could be identified. The aim of this study was to characterise plasma protein biomarkers associated with the risk of colorectal cancer in samples collected prospectively, before the disease diagnosis. METHODS After an exploratory study on the comprehensive plasma proteome analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from ten colorectal cancer cases enrolled at diagnosis, and ten matched controls (Phase 1), a similar preliminary study was performed on prospective plasma samples from ten colorectal cancer cases, enrolled years before disease development, and ten matched controls identified in a nested case-control study within the Florence cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study (Phase 2); in Phase 3 the validation of the candidate biomarkers by targeted proteomics on 48 colorectal cancer cases and 48 matched controls from the Florence-EPIC cohort, and the evaluation of the disease risk were performed. RESULTS Systems biology tools indicated that both in the Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies circulating protein levels differing in cases more than 1.5 times from controls, were involved in inflammation and/or immune response. Eight proteins including apolipoprotein C-II, complement C4-B, complement component C9, clusterin, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, mannan-binding lectin serine-protease, mannose-binding protein C, and N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase were selected as promising candidate biomarkers. Targeted proteomics of the selected proteins in the EPIC samples showed significantly higher clusterin levels in cases than controls, but only in men (mean ± SD, 1.98 ± 0.46 and 1.61 ± 0.43 nmol/mL respectively, Mann-Whitney U, two-tailed P = 0.0173). The remaining proteins were unchanged. Using multivariate logistic models a significant positive association emerged for clusterin, with an 80% increase in the colorectal cancer risk with protein's unit increase, but only in men. CONCLUSIONS The results show that plasma proteins can be altered years before colorectal cancer detection. The high circulating clusterin in pre-diagnostic samples suggests this biomarker can improve the identification of people at risk of colorectal cancer and might help in designing preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bertuzzi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy.
| | - Cristina Marelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy.
| | - Renzo Bagnati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Colombi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy.
| | - Roberto Fanelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy.
| | - Calogero Saieva
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO - Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy.
| | - Marco Ceroti
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO - Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Bendinelli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO - Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy.
| | - Saverio Caini
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO - Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy.
| | - Luisa Airoldi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Giuseppe La Masa 19, 20156, Milano, Italy.
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO - Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy.
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Cui G, Qi H, Gundersen MD, Yang H, Christiansen I, Sørbye SW, Goll R, Florholmen J. Dynamics of the IL-33/ST2 network in the progression of human colorectal adenoma to sporadic colorectal cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:181-90. [PMID: 25324197 PMCID: PMC11028541 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs) develop from preformed adenomas. Cytokines are involved in the transition from adenoma to CRC. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a newly discovered proinflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 cytokine family and involved in the development of chronic inflammation and cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the IL-33/ST2 axis during the sequence of progression from normal colorectum to adenoma to carcinoma and to investigate the association of IL-33 and ST2 expression with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. The results demonstrated that the levels of IL-33 and ST2 in adenomas (n = 50), determined by real-time PCR, were significantly higher than those of normal controls (n = 30); the levels of both IL-33/ST mRNA in CRCs (n = 50) were higher than in normal controls but lower than in adenomas. Further analysis revealed that the expression level of ST2 in CRCs was associated with tumor/node/metastasis (TNM) stage. The log-rank test showed that neither the IL-33 nor the ST2 expression level was correlated with overall survival in patients with CRC. The increased expression of IL-33/ST2 in adenomas and CRC tissues was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and was observed in both the tumor stromal cells and adenomatous/cancerous cells. Notably, increased densities of IL-33-positive and ST2-positive microvessels were found in the stroma of adenomas and CRCs. In conclusion, increased expression of the IL-33/ST2 axis along the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence might be involved in the neoplastic transformation via the participation of this axis in the regulation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 2 Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, 455000, Henan, China,
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Coghlin C, Murray GI. Biomarkers of colorectal cancer: Recent advances and future challenges. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:64-71. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Coghlin
- Department of Pathology; Aberdeen Royal Infirmary; NHS Grampian; Aberdeen UK
| | - Graeme I. Murray
- Pathology Division of Applied Medicine; School of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen UK
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Raiter A, Vilkin A, Gingold R, Levi Z, Halpern M, Niv Y, Hardy B. The presence of anti-GRP78 antibodies in the serum of patients with colorectal carcinoma: a potential biomarker for early cancer detection. Int J Biol Markers 2014; 29:e431-5. [PMID: 24803280 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of new biomarkers is required for early diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma patients (CRC), since about 20% of these patients are initially diagnosed with a distant metastatic disease. GRP78, a heat shock protein, functions also as a cell surface signaling receptor of cells under physiological stress. GRP78 was found to be expressed on the cell surface of various tumor cells. The presence of autoantibodies to GRP78 in cancer patient's serum was found to be correlated with a poor prognosis. In this study we aimed to identify anti-GRP78 antibodies in the serum of 85 patients diagnosed by colonoscopy, as an early detection biomarker. METHODS We developed an ELISA assay with recombinant GRP78 immobilized on 96-well culture plates and used an anti-IgG antibody to measure the sole anti-GRP78 IgGs. RESULTS Testing for anti-GRP78 showed a significant increase in antibody titer in patients with a polyp and in CRC patients (p<0.001) compared to healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study showing the presence of anti-GRP78 at the very early stages of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annat Raiter
- 1 Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Beilinson Campus, Petah-Tikva - Israel
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Ha YJ, Kang EJ, Lee SW, Lee SK, Park YB, Song JS, Choi ST. Usefulness of serum leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein as a disease activity biomarker in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:1199-204. [PMID: 25246736 PMCID: PMC4168171 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.9.1199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate whether serum leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG) levels are elevated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition, we assessed their correlation with disease activity parameters and pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Our study included 69 patients with RA and 48 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Serum concentrations of TNF-α and LRG were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum LRG concentrations were significantly elevated in patients with RA compared with those in healthy controls (30.8 ± 14.4 vs. 22.2 ± 6.1 ng/mL; P<0.001). In patients with RA, serum LRG levels were found to be correlated with disease activity score 28 (DAS28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein levels (γ=0.671; γ=0.612; and γ=0.601, P<0.001, respectively), but not with serum TNF-α levels. Serum LRG levels in patients with an active disease status (DAS28≥2.6) were significantly higher than those in remission (DAS28<2.6) (36.45 ± 14.36 vs. 24.63 ± 8.81 ng/mL; P<0.001). Our findings suggest that serum LRG could contribute to the inflammatory process independent of TNF-α and it may be a novel biomarker for assessing inflammatory activity in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jung Ha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Medical Center, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Kon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Tae Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Reumer A, Maes E, Mertens I, Cho WCS, Landuyt B, Valkenborg D, Schoofs L, Baggerman G. Colorectal cancer biomarker discovery and validation using LC-MS/MS-based proteomics in blood: truth or dare? Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:449-463. [PMID: 24702250 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.905743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant neoplasm. However, highly sensitive, specific, noninvasive tests that allow CRC diagnosis at an early stage are still needed. As circulatory blood reflects the physiological status of an individual and/or the disease status for several disorders, efforts have been undertaken to identify candidate diagnostic CRC markers in plasma and serum. In this review, the challenges, bottlenecks and promising properties of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics in blood are discussed. More specifically, important aspects in clinical design, sample retrieval, sample preparation, and MS analysis are presented. The recent developments in targeted MS approaches in plasma or serum are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ank Reumer
- KU Leuven, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Naamsestraat 59, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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45
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Cheng XS, Li YF, Tan J, Sun B, Xiao YC, Fang XB, Zhang XF, Li Q, Dong JH, Li M, Qian HH, Yin ZF, Yang ZB. CCL20 and CXCL8 synergize to promote progression and poor survival outcome in patients with colorectal cancer by collaborative induction of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Cancer Lett 2014; 348:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Wang K, Huang C, Nice EC. Proteomics, genomics and transcriptomics: their emerging roles in the discovery and validation of colorectal cancer biomarkers. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:179-205. [PMID: 24611605 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.894466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in females and the third in males. Since CRC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage when prognosis is poor, identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis is urgently required. Recent advances in proteomics, genomics and transcriptomics have facilitated high-throughput profiling of data generated from CRC-related genes and proteins, providing a window of information for biomarker discovery and validation. However, transfer of candidate biomarkers from bench to bedside remains a dilemma. In this review, we will discuss emerging proteomic technologies and highlight various sample types utilized for proteomics-based identification of CRC biomarkers. Moreover, recent breakthroughs in genomics and transcriptomics for the identification of CRC biomarkers, with particular emphasis on the merits of emerging methylomic and miRNAomic strategies, will be discussed. Integration of proteomics, genomics and transcriptomics will facilitate the discovery and validation of CRC biomarkers leading to the emergence of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041 , P.R. China
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Salvisberg C, Tajouri N, Hainard A, Burkhard PR, Lalive PH, Turck N. Exploring the human tear fluid: discovery of new biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:185-94. [PMID: 24488530 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple sclerosis is the first cause of progressive neurological disability among young adults living in Western countries. Its diagnosis is mostly based on clinical evaluation, neuroimaging, and in some cases cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, but no definitive diagnostic test exists. We proposed here that the exploration of tears from multiple sclerosis patients could lead to the discovery of new biomarkers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Thirty multiple sclerosis patients (20% men) recruited to the Geneva University Hospitals were included in our study (mean age ± SD [years]: 42.4 ± 15.9). Twenty-five control patients (32% men) were also enrolled (mean age ± SD [years]: 42.7±15.1). Tears, CSF or blood was collected for each patient. Three independent quantitative (tandem mass tag) experiments were carried out between tears from multiple sclerosis and control patients. Protein verification was performed by Western blot on tears and CSF and by ELISA on serum samples. RESULTS Combined proteomics analyses provided 185 identified tear proteins. Among the differential proteins, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin was the only one to be significantly increased in the three experiments with similar ratios (ratios 1.6 to 2.5, p < 0.05). Its tear, CSF and serum elevation were further confirmed by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study supports the concept that modifications of the tear proteome can reflect biological abnormalities associated with multiple sclerosis and perhaps other inflammatory conditions affecting the CNS. In addition, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin elevation in tear fluid emerges as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Salvisberg
- Translational Biomarker Group, Department of Human Protein Sciences, Medical University Center, Geneva, Switzerland
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48
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Coghlin C, Murray GI. Progress in the identification of plasma biomarkers of colorectal cancer. Proteomics 2014; 13:2227-8. [PMID: 23818135 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis of human tissue and plasma samples has been a useful tool in recent years for the identification of potential biomarkers to aid in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer. However, biomarkers relating to the crucial transition between adenomatous lesions and invasive colorectal malignancy have not previously been described. The work of Choi et al. (Proteomics 2013, 13, 2361-2374) attempts to address this issue. Using plasma samples from age-matched patients with colorectal adenomas or invasive disease this group identified a range of plasma proteins and cytokines that were differentially expressed. This information not only provides insights into the biology of the adenoma to carcinoma progression sequence but it also represents a step towards the goal of achieving diagnostically accurate and clinically acceptable biomarkers in early colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Coghlin
- Department of Pathology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Gan Y, Chen D, Li X. Proteomic analysis reveals novel proteins associated with progression and differentiation of colorectal carcinoma. J Cancer Res Ther 2014; 10:89-96. [PMID: 24762493 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.131396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study is to characterize differential proteomic expression among well-differentiation and poor-differentiation colorectal carcinoma tissues and normal mucous epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study is based on quantitative 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and analyzed by PDquest. RESULTS Excluding redundancies due to proteolysis and posttranslational modified isoforms of over 600 protein spots, 11 proteins were revealed as regulated with statistical variance being within the 95th confidence level and were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting in matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Progression-associated proteins belong to the functional complexes of tumorigenesis, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and the regulation of major histocompatibility complex processing and other functions. Partial but significant overlap was revealed with previous proteomics and transcriptomics studies in CRC. Among various differentiation stage of CRC tissues, we identified calreticulin precursor, MHC class I antigen (human leukocyte antigen A ), glutathione S-transferase pi1, keratin 8, heat shock protein 27, tubulin beta chain, triosephosphate, fatty acid-binding protein, hemoglobin (deoxy) mutant with val b 1 replaced by met (HBB), and zinc finger protein 312 (FEZF2). CONCLUSIONS Their functional networks were analyzed by Ingenuity systems Ingenuity Pathways Analysis and revealed the potential roles as novel biomarkers for progression in various differentiation stages of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated XiangYa Hospital of Central South University,Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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He T, Guo Y, He X, Hu X, Yu TT, Zheng SF. Mass spectrometry imaging for identification of differentially expressed proteins between colorectal adenocarcinoma and colon adenoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:3806-3812. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i34.3806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To identify colorectal adenocarcinoma associated protein molecular markers by comparing well-differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma with adenoma using mass spectrometry imaging technology.
METHODS: Frozen tissue sections of human colorectal adenocarcinoma and colon adenoma was scanned by mass spectrometry imaging for polypeptide distribution information in situ. Mass spectrum analysis conditions were linear positive ion mode, laser energy range of 30%-50%, irradiated 100 times, and spot range of 200 μm. Genetic algorithm was used to calculate peak area. Significantly differential peaks between the two groups were identified by using the t-test.
RESULTS: Compared with colorectal adenoma, 16 protein molecules were significantly differentially expressed in well-differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma, including 7 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated.
CONCLUSION: Mass spectrometry imaging allows to identify significantly differentially expressed proteins between colorectal adenocarcinoma and colon adenoma, and these identified molecules may have important roles in the development of colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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