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Lian S, Du Z, Chen Q, Xia Y, Miao X, Yu W, Sun Q, Feng C. From lab to clinic: The discovery and optimization journey of PI3K inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 277:116786. [PMID: 39180946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
PI3K inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutic agents due to their critical role in various cellular processes, particularly in cancer, where the PI3K pathway is frequently dysregulated. This review explores the evolutionary path of PI3K inhibitors from laboratory discovery to clinical application. The journey begins with early laboratory investigations into PI3K signaling and inhibitor development, highlighting fundamental discoveries that laid the foundation for subsequent advancements. Optimization strategies, including medicinal chemistry approaches and structural modifications, are scrutinized for their contributions to enhancing inhibitor potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties. The translation from preclinical studies to clinical trials is examined, emphasizing pivotal trials that evaluated efficacy and safety profiles. Challenges encountered during clinical development are critically assessed. Finally, the review discusses ongoing research directions and prospects for PI3K inhibitors, underscoring these agents' continuous evolution and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Lian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenhua Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingqing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinxin Miao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Chong Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Mallick S, Duttaroy AK, Dutta S. The PIK3CA gene and its pivotal role in tumor tropism of triple-negative breast cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 50:102140. [PMID: 39369580 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The PIK3CA gene is a linchpin in the intricate molecular network governing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumor tropism, serving as a focal point for understanding this aggressive disease. Anchored within the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis, PIK3CA mutations exert substantial influence, driving cellular processes that highlight the unique biology of TNBC. This review meticulously highlights the association between PIK3CA mutations and distinct TNBC subtypes, elucidating the gene's multifaceted contributions to tumor tropism. Molecular dissection reveals how PIK3CA mutations dynamically modulate chemokine responses, growth factor signaling, and extracellular matrix interactions, orchestrating the complex migratory behaviour characteristic of TNBC cells. A detailed exploration of PIK3CA-targeted strategies in the therapeutic arena is presented, outlining the current landscape of clinical trials and precision medicine approaches. As the scientific narrative converges, this review underscores the critical role of PIK3CA in shaping the molecular intricacies of TNBC tumor tropism and illuminates pathways toward tailored interventions, promising a paradigm shift in the clinical management of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Mallick
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), University Road, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Suman Dutta
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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3
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Gupta I, Gaykalova DA. Unveiling the role of PIK3R1 in cancer: A comprehensive review of regulatory signaling and therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 106-107:58-86. [PMID: 39197810 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is responsible for phosphorylating phosphoinositides to generate secondary signaling molecules crucial for regulating various cellular processes, including cell growth, survival, and metabolism. The PI3K is a heterodimeric enzyme complex comprising of a catalytic subunit (p110α, p110β, or p110δ) and a regulatory subunit (p85). The binding of the regulatory subunit, p85, with the catalytic subunit, p110, forms an integral component of the PI3K enzyme. PIK3R1 (phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1) belongs to class IA of the PI3K family. PIK3R1 exhibits structural complexity due to alternative splicing, giving rise to distinct isoforms, prominently p85α and p55α. While the primary p85α isoform comprises multiple domains, including Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, a Breakpoint Cluster Region Homology (BH) domain, and Src homology 2 (SH2) domains (iSH2 and nSH2), the shorter isoform, p55α, lacks certain domains present in p85α. In this review, we will highlight the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing PI3K signaling along with the impact of PIK3R1 alterations on cellular processes. We will further delve into the clinical significance of PIK3R1 mutations in various cancer types and their implications for prognosis and treatment outcomes. Additionally, we will discuss the evolving landscape of targeted therapies aimed at modulating PI3K-associated pathways. Overall, this review will provide insights into the dynamic interplay of PIK3R1 in cancer, fostering advancements in precision medicine and the development of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Gupta
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daria A Gaykalova
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Gerasimovskaya E, Patil RS, Davies A, Maloney ME, Simon L, Mohamed B, Cherian-Shaw M, Verin AD. Extracellular purines in lung endothelial permeability and pulmonary diseases. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1450673. [PMID: 39234309 PMCID: PMC11372795 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1450673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The purinergic signaling system is an evolutionarily conserved and critical regulatory circuit that maintains homeostatic balance across various organ systems and cell types by providing compensatory responses to diverse pathologies. Despite cardiovascular diseases taking a leading position in human morbidity and mortality worldwide, pulmonary diseases represent significant health concerns as well. The endothelium of both pulmonary and systemic circulation (bronchial vessels) plays a pivotal role in maintaining lung tissue homeostasis by providing an active barrier and modulating adhesion and infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, investigations into purinergic regulation of lung endothelium have remained limited, despite widespread recognition of the role of extracellular nucleotides and adenosine in hypoxic, inflammatory, and immune responses within the pulmonary microenvironment. In this review, we provide an overview of the basic aspects of purinergic signaling in vascular endothelium and highlight recent studies focusing on pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and endothelial cells from the pulmonary artery vasa vasorum. Through this compilation of research findings, we aim to shed light on the emerging insights into the purinergic modulation of pulmonary endothelial function and its implications for lung health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul S Patil
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Adrian Davies
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - McKenzie E Maloney
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Office of Academic Affairs, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Liselle Simon
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Basmah Mohamed
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Mary Cherian-Shaw
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Alexander D Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Hwang C, Kang YK, Kim JY, Shin SH, Park JY, Song JS, Kim SY, Jung SJ, Lee JH, Na JY, Shin DH, Kim JY, Park SW, Lee HJ. TFE3/PI3K/Akt/mTOR Axis in Renal Cell Carcinoma Affects Tumor Microenvironment. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1306-1316. [PMID: 38588851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapies has not been investigated thoroughly. Transcription factor E3 (TFE3) expression is related to a poorer prognosis and tumor microenvironment in patients with RCC. This study aimed to determine the relationship between TFE3 and the PI3K/Akt pathway. TFE3 down-regulation was achieved by transient transfection of siRNA and shRNA in UOK146 cells. TFE3 overexpression was induced by transient transfection with pcDNA3.1 encoding the constitutively active form of TFE3. The cells were treated with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and PI3K inhibitors. Western blot was performed to detect TFE3, programmed death-ligand 1, phospho-Akt, and Akt. Phospho-Akt expression increased significantly upon TFE3 down-regulation, and decreased significantly upon up-regulation. When RCC cells were treated with a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), TFE3 expression increased and phospho-Akt expression decreased. Data from this study indicate that TFE3 plays a role in the PI3K/Akt pathway in RCC. The results of this study suggest that PI3K/Akt inhibitors may aid in the treatment of patients with RCC by affecting the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungsu Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kang
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - So Hyun Shin
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Joon Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Song
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Se Jin Jung
- Department of Pathology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jung Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Na
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jee Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea.
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Khezri MR, Hsueh H, Mohammadipanah S, Khalili Fard J, Ghasemnejad‐Berenji M. The interplay between the PI3K/AKT pathway and circadian clock in physiologic and cancer-related pathologic conditions. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13608. [PMID: 38336976 PMCID: PMC11216939 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is responsible for the regulation of different cellular processes, and its disturbance has been linked to the development of different diseases, such as cancer. The main molecular mechanism for this issue has been linked to the crosstalk between core clock regulators and intracellular pathways responsible for cell survival. The PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is one of the most known intracellular pathways in the case of cancer initiation and progression. This pathway regulates different aspects of cell survival including proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and response to environmental stimuli. Accumulating evidence indicates that there is a link between the PI3K/AKT pathway activity and circadian rhythm in physiologic and cancer-related pathogenesis. Different classes of PI3Ks and AKT isoforms are involved in regulating circadian clock components in a transcriptional and functional manner. Reversely, core clock components induce a rhythmic fashion in PI3K and AKT activity in physiologic and pathogenic conditions. The aim of this review is to re-examine the interplay between this pathway and circadian clock components in normal condition and cancer pathogenesis, which provides a better understanding of how circadian rhythms may be involved in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafi Khezri
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research InstituteUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Hsiang‐Yin Hsueh
- The Ohio State University Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Somayeh Mohammadipanah
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research InstituteUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Javad Khalili Fard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad‐Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacyUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
- Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical SciencesUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
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Yu M, Wang X, Tang Y, Wang L, Hu X, Weng Q, Wang J, Cui S. Discovery of Novel Azaindoles as Potent and Selective PI3Kδ Inhibitors for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9628-9644. [PMID: 38754045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system and the unmet need for MS treatment demands new therapeutic development. Particularly, PI3Kδ is a high-value target for autoimmune disease, while the investigation of PI3Kδ inhibitors for MS therapy is relatively scarce. Herein, we report a novel class of azaindoles as PI3Kδ inhibitors for MS treatment. Compound 31, designed via nitrogen bioisosterism, displayed excellent PI3Kδ inhibitory activity and selectivity. In vitro assay showed that 31 exhibited superior activity on T lymphocytes to inhibit the proliferation of CD4+, CD8+, and CD3+ T cells. In the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, 31 showed a comparable therapeutical efficacy with Dexamethasone to significantly ameliorate EAE symptoms. Mechanistic studies showed that compound 31 could significantly inhibit the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibited T-cell proliferation and differentiation. Overall, this work provides a new structural PI3Kδ inhibitor and a new vision for MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xian Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongmei Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Longling Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueping Hu
- Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Bu L, Zhang Z, Chen J, Fan Y, Guo J, Su Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Wu X, Jiang Q, Gao B, Wang L, Hu K, Zhang X, Xie W, Wei W, Kuang M, Guo J. High-fat diet promotes liver tumorigenesis via palmitoylation and activation of AKT. Gut 2024; 73:1156-1168. [PMID: 38191266 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether and how the PI3K-AKT pathway, a central node of metabolic homeostasis, is responsible for high-fat-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain a mystery. Characterisation of AKT regulation in this setting will provide new strategies to combat HCC. DESIGN Metabolite library screening disclosed that palmitic acid (PA) could activate AKT. In vivo and in vitro palmitoylation assay were employed to detect AKT palmitoylation. Diverse cell and mouse models, including generation of AKT1C77S and AKT1C224S knock-in cells, Zdhhc17 and Zdhhc24 knockout mice and Akt1C224S knock-in mice were employed. Human liver tissues from patients with NASH and HCC, hydrodynamic transfection mouse model, high-fat/high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD)-induced NASH/HCC mouse model and high-fat and methionine/choline-deficient diet (HFMCD)-induced NASH mouse model were also further explored for our mechanism studies. RESULTS By screening a metabolite library, PA has been defined to activate AKT by promoting its palmitoyl modification, an essential step for growth factor-induced AKT activation. Biologically, a high-fat diet could promote AKT kinase activity, thereby promoting NASH and liver cancer. Mechanistically, palmitoyl binding anchors AKT to the cell membrane in a PIP3-independent manner, in part by preventing AKT from assembling into an inactive polymer. The palmitoyltransferases ZDHHC17/24 were characterised to palmitoylate AKT to exert oncogenic effects. Interestingly, the anti-obesity drug orlistat or specific penetrating peptides can effectively attenuate AKT palmitoylation and activation by restricting PA synthesis or repressing AKT modification, respectively, thereby antagonising liver tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings elucidate a novel fine-tuned regulation of AKT by PA-ZDHHC17/24-mediated palmitoylation, and highlight tumour therapeutic strategies by taking PA-restricted diets, limiting PA synthesis, or directly targeting AKT palmitoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Bu
- Center of Hepato-Pancreate-Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengkun Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yizeng Fan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinhe Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqing Su
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueji Wu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiwei Jiang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunpeng Hu
- Division of General Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease and the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ming Kuang
- Center of Hepato-Pancreate-Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Jani V, Sonavane U, Sawant S. Structural insights into the activation mechanism of phosphoinositide 3-kinase alpha. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 108:107994. [PMID: 38043374 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases known to regulate important cellular functions by phosphorylating the inositol ring of inositol-phospholipids (PtdIns) at 3' position. The PI3Kα is a heterodimer and the activation of the catalytic subunit (p110α) is regulated by its regulatory subunit (p85α). The current work deals with studying the activation mechanism of the PI3Kα using multi micro-second molecular dynamic simulations. Structural changes involved in activation mechanism is studied by gradually releasing the inhibitory effects of different domains of regulatory subunit namely, n-terminal SH2 (nSH2) and inter SH2 (iSH2). The observation shows that even in the presence of n-terminal and inter SH2 domain (niSH2) of regulatory subunit, the catalytic domain has some intrinsic activation activity and the presence of c-terminal SH2 (cSH2) domain may be required for complete inhibition. The release of nSH2 domain leads to loss of interactions between iSH2 domain (regulatory subunit) and C2 and kinase domain (catalytic subunit). The study shows that early events in the activation mechanism involve the movement of the ABD domain of the catalytic subunit along with the linker region between ABD and RBD region which may lead to movement of ABD closer to the CLobe of the kinase domain. This movement is essentially as it triggers the rearrangement of CLobe especially the catalytic loop and activation loop which bring catalytic important residues closer to ATP and PIP2(phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate). Water mediated interaction analysis reveal that water may be playing an important role in the transfer of phosphate from ATP to PIP2. The study shows that initial signal for release of inhibitory effect of the regulatory subunit might be propagated through the linker region between ABD and RBD through allosteric effect to different regions of the protein. These understanding of early events during the activation mechanism may help in the design of better therapeutic targeting PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Jani
- HPC-M&BA group, Centre for Development of Advanced computing, Pune 411008, India; Bioinformatics centre, SSP University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Uddhavesh Sonavane
- HPC-M&BA group, Centre for Development of Advanced computing, Pune 411008, India.
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Song X, Kirtipal N, Lee S, Malý P, Bharadwaj S. Current therapeutic targets and multifaceted physiological impacts of caffeine. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5558-5598. [PMID: 37679309 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine, which shares consubstantial structural similarity with purine adenosine, has been demonstrated as a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist for eliciting most of the biological functions at physiologically relevant dosages. Accumulating evidence supports caffeine's beneficial effects against different disorders, such as total cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Conversely, paradoxical effects are also linked to caffeine ingestion in humans including hypertension-hypotension and tachycardia-bradycardia. These observations suggest the association of caffeine action with its ingested concentration and/or concurrent interaction with preferential molecular targets to direct explicit events in the human body. Thus, a coherent analysis of the functional targets of caffeine, relevant to normal physiology, and disease pathophysiology, is required to understand the pharmacology of caffeine. This review provides a broad overview of the experimentally validated targets of caffeine, particularly those of therapeutic interest, and the impacts of caffeine on organ-specific physiology and pathophysiology. Overall, the available empirical and epidemiological evidence supports the dose-dependent functional activities of caffeine and advocates for further studies to get insights into the caffeine-induced changes under specific conditions, such as asthma, DNA repair, and cancer, in view of its therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nikhil Kirtipal
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunjae Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Petr Malý
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Shiv Bharadwaj
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences v.v.i, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic
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Santos MDS, Lima VTM, Barrioni BR, Vago JP, de Arruda JAA, Prazeres PD, Amaral FA, Silva TA, Macari S. Targeting phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase for inhibiting maxillary bone resorption. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2651-2667. [PMID: 37814842 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested a role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) in bone remodeling, but the mechanism remains undefined. Here, we explored the contribution of PI3Kγ in the resorption of maxillary bone and dental roots using models of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), orthodontic-induced inflammatory root resorption, and rapid maxillary expansion (RME). PI3Kγ-deficient mice (PI3Kγ-/- ), mice with loss of PI3Kγ kinase activity (PI3KγKD/KD ) and C57BL/6 mice treated with a PI3Kγ inhibitor (AS605240) and respective controls were used. The maxillary bones of PI3Kγ-/- , PI3KγKD/KD , and C57BL/6 mice treated with AS605240 showed an improvement of bone quality compared to their controls, resulting in reduction of the OTM and RME in all experimental groups. PI3Kγ-/- mice exhibited increased root volume and decreased odontoclasts counts. Consistently, the pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of PI3K resulted in increased numbers of osteoblasts and reduction in osteoclasts during OTM. There was an augmented expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (Alp), a reduction of interleukin-6 (Il-6), as well as a lack of responsiveness of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β (Rank) in PI3Kγ-/- and PI3KγKD/KD mice compared to control mice. The maxillary bones of PI3Kγ-/- animals showed reduced p-Akt expression. In vitro, bone marrow cells treated with AS605240 and cells from PI3Kγ-/- mice exhibited significant augment of osteoblast mineralization and less osteoclast differentiation. The PI3Kγ/Akt axis is pivotal for bone remodeling by providing negative and positive signals for the differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de S Santos
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Virgínia T M Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno R Barrioni
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Vago
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Alcides A de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro D Prazeres
- Department of Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio A Amaral
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Science Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tarcília A Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Soraia Macari
- Department of Morphology, Biological Science Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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12
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Wu W, Xia X, Tang L, Luo J, Xiong S, Ma G, Lei H. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase as a therapeutic target in angiogenic disease. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109646. [PMID: 37716399 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) generate lipids that control multitudinous intracellular cell signaling events which participate in cell survival and proliferation. In addition, PI3K signaling also contributes to metabolism, immunity, angiogenesis and cardiovascular homeostasis, and many diseases. The diverse actions of PI3K stem from the existence of their various isoforms and a variety of protein effectors. Hence, PI3K isoform-specific inhibitors have already achieved a wonderful effect on treating cancer. Herein, we summarize the molecular mechanism of PI3K inhibitors in preventing the permeability of vessels and neovascularization. Additionally, we briefly illustrate how PI3K signaling modulates blood vessel growth and discuss the different roles that PI3K isoforms play in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Luosheng Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siqi Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gaoen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China.
| | - Hetian Lei
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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13
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Jia W, Luo S, Guo H, Kong D. Development of PI3Kα inhibitors for tumor therapy. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8587-8604. [PMID: 36221910 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2132293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is well known to be involved in cell growth, proliferation, metabolism and other cellular physiological processes. Abnormal activation of this pathway is closely related to tumorigenesis and metastasis. As the starting node of the pathway, PI3K is known to contain 4 isoforms, including PI3Kα, a heterodimer composed of the catalytic subunit p110α and the regulatory subunit p85. PIK3CA, which encodes p110α, is frequently mutated in cancer, especially breast cancer. Abnormal activation of PI3Kα promotes cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis; therefore, PI3Kα has become a key target for the development of anticancer drugs. The hinge region and the region of the mutation site in the PI3Kα protein are important for designing PI3Kα-specific inhibitors. As the group shared by the most PI3Kα-specific inhibitors reported thus far, carboxamide can produce hydrogen bonds with Gln859 and Ser854. Gln859 is specific to the p110α protein in producing hydrogen bond interactions with PI3Kα-specific inhibitors and this is a key point for designing PI3Kα inhibitors. To date, alpelisib is the only PI3Kα inhibitor approved for the treatment of breast cancer. Several other PI3Kα inhibitors are under evaluation in clinical trials. In this review, we briefly describe PI3Kα and its role in tumorigenesis, summarize the clinical trial results of some PI3Kα inhibitors as well as the synthetic routes of alpelisib, and finally give our proposal for the development of novel PI3Kα inhibitors for tumor therapy. HighlightsWe summarize the progress of PI3Kα and PI3Kα inhibitors in cancer from the second half of the 20th century to the present.We describe the clinical trial results of PI3Kα inhibitors as well as the synthetic routes of the only approved PI3Kα inhibitor alpelisib.Crystal structure of alpelisib bound to the PI3Kα receptor binding domain.This review gives proposal for the development of novel PI3Kα inhibitors and will serve as a complementary summary to other reviews in the research field of PI3K inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuyu Luo
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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14
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Shao H, Chen J, Li A, Ma L, Tang Y, Chen H, Chen Y, Liu J. Salvigenin Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Glycolysis and Chemoresistance Through Inactivating the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β Pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5217-5237. [PMID: 37129745 PMCID: PMC10354167 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Salvigenin is a Trimethoxylated Flavone enriched in Scutellariae Barbatae Herba and Scutellariae Radix and is demonstrated to have anti-tumor properties in colon cancer. Notwithstanding, the function and mechanism of Salvigenin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are less well studied. Different doses of Salvigenin were taken to treat HCC cells. Cell viability, colony formation ability, cell migration, invasion, apoptosis, glucose uptake, and lactate production levels were detected. As shown by the data, Salvigenin concentration dependently dampened HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, weakened glycolysis by abating glucose uptake and lactate generation, and suppressed the profiles of glycolytic enzymes. Moreover, Salvigenin strengthened HCC cells' sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and attenuated HCC 5-FU-resistant cells' resistance to 5-FU. Through network pharmacological analysis, we found Salvigenin potentially regulates PI3K/AKT pathway. As shown by the data, Salvigenin repressed the phosphorylated levels of PI3K, AKT, and GSK-3β. The PI3K activator 740Y-P induced PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway activation and promotive effects in HCC cells. However, Salvigenin substantially weakened 740Y-P-mediated effects. In-vivo assay revealed that Salvigenin hampered the growth and promoted apoptosis of HCC cells in nude mice. Collectively, Salvigenin impedes the aerobic glycolysis and 5-FU chemoresistance of HCC cells by dampening the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- Department of Infection, Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingyan Chen
- Department of Infection, Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ali Li
- Department of Infection, Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lili Ma
- Department of Infection, Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongzhi Tang
- Department of Infection, Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huazhong Chen
- Department of Infection, Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Infection, Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai City, 317000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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15
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Johnston JG, Welch AK, Cain BD, Sayeski PP, Gumz ML, Wingo CS. Aldosterone: Renal Action and Physiological Effects. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4409-4491. [PMID: 36994769 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone exerts profound effects on renal and cardiovascular physiology. In the kidney, aldosterone acts to preserve electrolyte and acid-base balance in response to changes in dietary sodium (Na+ ) or potassium (K+ ) intake. These physiological actions, principally through activation of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), have important effects particularly in patients with renal and cardiovascular disease as demonstrated by multiple clinical trials. Multiple factors, be they genetic, humoral, dietary, or otherwise, can play a role in influencing the rate of aldosterone synthesis and secretion from the adrenal cortex. Normally, aldosterone secretion and action respond to dietary Na+ intake. In the kidney, the distal nephron and collecting duct are the main targets of aldosterone and MR action, which stimulates Na+ absorption in part via the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), the principal channel responsible for the fine-tuning of Na+ balance. Our understanding of the regulatory factors that allow aldosterone, via multiple signaling pathways, to function properly clearly implicates this hormone as central to many pathophysiological effects that become dysfunctional in disease states. Numerous pathologies that affect blood pressure (BP), electrolyte balance, and overall cardiovascular health are due to abnormal secretion of aldosterone, mutations in MR, ENaC, or effectors and modulators of their action. Study of the mechanisms of these pathologies has allowed researchers and clinicians to create novel dietary and pharmacological targets to improve human health. This article covers the regulation of aldosterone synthesis and secretion, receptors, effector molecules, and signaling pathways that modulate its action in the kidney. We also consider the role of aldosterone in disease and the benefit of mineralocorticoid antagonists. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4409-4491, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine G Johnston
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda K Welch
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brian D Cain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter P Sayeski
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles S Wingo
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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16
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Al Hasan M, Sabirianov M, Redwine G, Goettsch K, Yang SX, Zhong HA. Binding and selectivity studies of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 121:108433. [PMID: 36812742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) proteins have been observed in cancer cells. Targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling transduction pathway by inhibition of the PI3K substrate recognition sites has been proved to be an effective approach to block cancer progression. Many PI3K inhibitors have been developed. Seven drugs have been approved by the US FDA with a mechanism of targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway. In this study, we used docking tools to investigate selective binding of ligands toward four different subtypes of PI3Ks (PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ). The affinity predicted from both the Glide dock and the Movable-Type (MT)-based free energy calculations agreed well with the experimental data. The validation of our predicted methods with a large dataset of 147 ligands showed very small mean errors. We identified residues that may dictate the subtype-specific binding. Particularly, residues Asp964, Ser806, Lys890 and Thr886 of PI3Kγ might be utilized for PI3Kγ-selective inhibitor design. Residues Val828, Trp760, Glu826 and Tyr813 may be important for PI3Kδ-selective inhibitor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Hasan
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Matthew Sabirianov
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Grace Redwine
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Kaitlin Goettsch
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Stephen X Yang
- Westlake High School, 100 Lakeview Canyon Rd, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91362, USA
| | - Haizhen A Zhong
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.
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17
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Ahmadi Ghezeldasht S, Blackbourn DJ, Mosavat A, Rezaee SA. Pathogenicity and virulence of human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) in oncogenesis: adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:189-211. [PMID: 36593730 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2157791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive malignancy of CD4+ T lymphocytes caused by human T lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection. HTLV-1 was brought to the World Health Organization (WHO) and researchers to address its impact on global public health, oncogenicity, and deterioration of the host immune system toward autoimmunity. In a minority of the infected population (3-5%), it can induce inflammatory networks toward HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), or hijacking the infected CD4+ T lymphocytes into T regulatory subpopulation, stimulating anti-inflammatory signaling networks, and prompting ATLL development. This review critically discusses the complex signaling networks in ATLL pathogenesis during virus-host interactions for better interpretation of oncogenicity and introduces the main candidates in the pathogenesis of ATLL. At least two viral factors, HTLV-1 trans-activator protein (TAX) and HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ), are implicated in ATLL manifestation, interacting with host responses and deregulating cell signaling in favor of infected cell survival and virus dissemination. Such molecules can be used as potential novel biomarkers for ATLL prognosis or targets for therapy. Moreover, the challenging aspects of HTLV-1 oncogenesis introduced in this review could open new venues for further studies on acute leukemia pathogenesis. These features can aid in the discovery of effective immunotherapies when reversing the gene expression profile toward appropriate immune responses gradually becomes attainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Ahmadi Ghezeldasht
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Kim J, Kim HS, Choi DH, Choi J, Cho SY, Kim SH, Baek HS, Yoon KD, Son SW, Son ED, Hong YD, Ko J, Cho SY, Park WS. Kaempferol tetrasaccharides restore skin atrophy via PDK1 inhibition in human skin cells and tissues: Bench and clinical studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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19
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Page N, Wappett M, O'Dowd CR, O'Rourke M, Gavory G, Zhang L, Rountree JSS, Jordan L, Barker O, Gibson H, Boyd C, Feutren-Burton S, McLean E, Trevitt G, Harrison T. Identification and development of a subtype-selective allosteric AKT inhibitor suitable for clinical development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15715. [PMID: 36127435 PMCID: PMC9489722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinase AKT plays a pivotal role within the PI3K pathway in regulating cellular proliferation and apoptotic cellular functions, and AKT hyper-activation via gene amplification and/or mutation has been implicated in multiple human malignancies. There are 3 AKT isoenzymes (AKT1-3) which mediate critical, non-redundant functions. We present the discovery and development of ALM301, a novel, allosteric, sub-type selective inhibitor of AKT1/2. ALM301 binds in an allosteric pocket created by the combined movement of the PH domain and the catalytic domain, resulting in a DFG out conformation. ALM301 was shown to be highly selective against a panel of over 450 kinases and potently inhibited cellular proliferation. These effects were particularly pronounced in MCF-7 cells containing a PI3KCA mutation. Subsequent cellular downstream pathway analysis in this sensitive cell line revealed potent inhibition of pAKT signalling up to 48 h post dosing. ALM301 treatment was well tolerated in an MCF-7 xenograft model and led to a dose-dependent reduction in tumour growth. Enhanced efficacy was observed in combination with tamoxifen. In summary, ALM301 is a highly specific AKT 1/2 inhibitor with an excellent pharmacological profile suitable for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Page
- Almac Discovery Ltd, Health Sciences Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mark Wappett
- Almac Discovery Ltd, Health Sciences Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Colin R O'Dowd
- Almac Discovery Ltd, Health Sciences Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Martin O'Rourke
- Amphista Therapeutics, BioCity, Bo'Ness Rd, Newhouse, Chapelhall, Motherwell, ML1 5UH, UK
| | - Gerald Gavory
- Ridgeline Therapeutics GmbH, Technologiepark, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - J S Shane Rountree
- Almac Discovery Ltd, Health Sciences Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Linda Jordan
- Globachem, Alderley Park, 2 BioHub, Mereside, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Oliver Barker
- Almac Discovery Ltd, Health Sciences Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Hayley Gibson
- Almac Discovery Ltd, Health Sciences Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Caroline Boyd
- Almac Discovery Ltd, Health Sciences Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephanie Feutren-Burton
- Almac Discovery Ltd, Health Sciences Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Estelle McLean
- Almac Discovery Ltd, Health Sciences Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Graham Trevitt
- Sygnature Discovery, BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham, NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Timothy Harrison
- Almac Discovery Ltd, Health Sciences Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK. .,Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK.
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20
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Relationship Between the MicroRNAs and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Axis: Focus on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 239:154093. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Simond AM, Bui T, Zuo D, Sanguin-Gendreau V, Rao T, Phillips WA, Cardiff RD, Muller WJ. Physiological expression of PI3K H1047R mutation reveals its anti-metastatic potential in ErbB2-driven breast cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:3445-3451. [PMID: 35538223 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
p110α is a catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), a major downstream effector of receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2, that is amplified and overexpressed in 20-30% of breast cancers, 40% of which have an activating mutation in p110α. Despite the high frequency of PIK3CA gain-of-function mutations, their prognostic value is controversial. Here, we employ a knock-in transgenic strategy to restrict the expression of an activated form of ErbB2 and p110α kinase domain mutation (p110αHR) in the mammary epithelium. Physiological levels of transgene expression under the control of their endogenous promoters did not result in a major synergistic effect. However, tumors arising in ErbB2/p110αHR bi-genic strain metastasized to the lung with significantly reduced capacity compared to tumors expressing ErbB2 alone. The reduced metastasis was further associated with retention of the myoepithelial layer reminiscent of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a non-invasive stage of human breast cancer. Molecular and biochemical analyses revealed that these poorly metastatic tumors exhibited a significant decrease in phospho-myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) associated with cellular contractility and migration. Examination of human samples for MLC2 activity revealed a progressive increase in cellular contractility between non-invasive DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma. Collectively, these data argue that p110αHR mutation attenuates metastatic behavior in the context of ErbB2-driven breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Simond
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tung Bui
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dongmei Zuo
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Trisha Rao
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wayne A Phillips
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robert D Cardiff
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - William J Muller
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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22
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Liang M, Lu M, Aleem MT, Zhang Y, Wang M, Wen Z, Song X, Xu L, Li X, Yan R. Identification of excretory and secretory proteins from Haemonchus contortus inducing a Th9 immune response in goats. Vet Res 2022; 53:36. [PMID: 35597967 PMCID: PMC9123704 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Th9 cells have been shown to play crucial roles in anti-parasite immunity, pathogenic microbe infection, and allergy. Previous studies have demonstrated that Haemonchus contortus excretory and secretory proteins (HcESPs) induce the proliferation of Th9 cells and alter the transcriptional level of IL-9 as well as its related pathways in the Th9 immune response after infection. However, the exact molecule(s) in HcESPs inducing the Th9 immune response is not yet known. In this study, flow cytometry, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and shotgun liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) were used, and a total of 218 proteins from HcESPs that might interact with goat Th9 cells were identified. By in vitro culture of Th9 cells with HcESPs, 40 binding proteins were identified. In vivo, 38, 47, 42 and 142 binding proteins were identified at 7, 15, 35 and 50 days post-infection (dpi), respectively. Furthermore, 2 of the 218 HcESPs, named DNA/RNA helicase domain containing protein (HcDR) and GATA transcription factor (HcGATA), were confirmed to induce the proliferation of Th9 cells and promote the expression of IL-9 when incubated with goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This study represents a proteomics-guided investigation of the interactions between Th9 cells and HcESPs. It provides a new way to explore immunostimulatory antigens among HcESPs and identifies candidates for immune-mediated prevention of H. contortus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingmin Lu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muhammad Tahir Aleem
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaohai Wen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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23
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Sabbah DA, Samarat HH, Al‐Shalabi E, Bardaweel SK, Hajjo R, Sweidan K, Khalaf RA, Al‐Zuheiri AM, Abushaikha G. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Examination of
N‐
Phenyl‐6‐fluoro‐4‐hydroxy‐2‐quinolone‐3‐carboxamides as Anticancer Agents. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dima A. Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Institution Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Address P.O. Box 130 Amman 11733 Jordan
| | - Hla H. Samarat
- Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Institution Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Address P.O. Box 130 Amman 11733 Jordan
| | - Eveen Al‐Shalabi
- Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Institution Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Address P.O. Box 130 Amman 11733 Jordan
| | - Sanaa K. Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharmacy Institution The University of Jordan Address Amman 11942 Jordan
| | - Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Institution Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Address P.O. Box 130 Amman 11733 Jordan
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy The University of North Carlina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27515 USA
| | - Kamal Sweidan
- Department of Chemistry Institution The University of Jordan Address Amman 11942 Jordan
| | - Reema Abu Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Institution Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Address P.O. Box 130 Amman 11733 Jordan
| | - Aya M. Al‐Zuheiri
- Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy Institution Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan Address P.O. Box 130 Amman 11733 Jordan
| | - Ghassan Abushaikha
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Institution The University of Toledo Address Toledo OH 43606-3390 USA
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24
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S6K1-mediated phosphorylation of PDK1 impairs AKT kinase activity and oncogenic functions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1548. [PMID: 35318320 PMCID: PMC8941131 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functioning as a master kinase, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) plays a fundamental role in phosphorylating and activating protein kinases A, B and C (AGC) family kinases, including AKT. However, upstream regulation of PDK1 remains largely elusive. Here we report that ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta 1 (S6K1), a member of AGC kinases and downstream target of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), directly phosphorylates PDK1 at its pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and impairs PDK1 interaction with and activation of AKT. Mechanistically, S6K1-mediated phosphorylation of PDK1 augments its interaction with 14-3-3 adaptor protein and homo-dimerization, subsequently dissociating PDK1 from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 triphosphate (PIP3) and retarding its interaction with AKT. Pathologically, tumor patient-associated PDK1 mutations, either attenuating S6K1-mediated PDK1 phosphorylation or impairing PDK1 interaction with 14-3-3, result in elevated AKT kinase activity and oncogenic functions. Taken together, our findings not only unravel a delicate feedback regulation of AKT signaling via S6K1-mediated PDK1 phosphorylation, but also highlight the potential strategy to combat mutant PDK1-driven cancers. The direct upstream regulation of PDK1 is not fully understood. Here the authors demonstrate that S6K1 directly phosphorylates PDK1 to inhibit AKT kinase activity and its ability to drive tumourigenesis.
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25
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Caglioti C, Palazzetti F, Monarca L, Lobello R, Ceccarini MR, Iannitti RG, Russo R, Ragonese F, Pennetta C, De Luca A, Codini M, Fioretti B. LY294002 Inhibits Intermediate Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium (KCa3.1) Current in Human Glioblastoma Cells. Front Physiol 2022; 12:790922. [PMID: 35069252 PMCID: PMC8782274 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.790922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBs) are among the most common tumors with high malignancy and invasiveness of the central nervous system. Several alterations in protein kinase and ion channel activity are involved to maintain the malignancy. Among them, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity and intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa3.1) current are involved in several aspects of GB biology. By using the electrophysiological approach and noise analysis, we observed that KCa3.1 channel activity is LY294002-sensitive and Wortmannin-resistant in accordance with the involvement of PI3K class IIβ (PI3KC2β). This modulation was observed also during the endogenous activation of KCa3.1 current with histamine. The principal action of PI3KC2β regulation was the reduction of open probability in intracellular free calcium saturating concentration. An explanation based on the “three-gate” model of the KCa3.1 channel by PI3KC2β was proposed. Based on the roles of KCa3.1 and PI3KC2β in GB biology, a therapeutic implication was suggested to prevent chemo- and radioresistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Caglioti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico Palazzetti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Monarca
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Perugia Medical School, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Roberta Russo
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ragonese
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Pennetta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella De Luca
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bernard Fioretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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26
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The efficacy of PI3Kγ and EGFR inhibitors on the suppression of the characteristics of cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:347. [PMID: 35013447 PMCID: PMC8748513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are capable of continuous proliferation, self-renewal and are proposed to play significant roles in oncogenesis, tumor growth, metastasis and cancer recurrence. We have established a model of CSCs that was originally developed from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) by proposing miPSCs to the conditioned medium (CM) of cancer derived cells, which is a mimic of carcinoma microenvironment. Further research found that not only PI3K-Akt but also EGFR signaling pathway was activated during converting miPSCs into CSCs. In this study, we tried to observe both of PI3Kγ inhibitor Eganelisib and EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib antitumor effects on the models of CSCs derived from miPSCs (miPS-CSC) in vitro and in vivo. As the results, targeting these two pathways exhibited significant inhibition of cell proliferation, self-renewal, migration and invasion abilities in vitro. Both Eganelisib and Gefitinib showed antitumor effects in vivo while Eganelisib displayed more significant therapeutic efficacy and less side effects than Gefitinib on all miPS-CSC models. Thus, these data suggest that the inhibitiors of PI3K and EGFR, especially PI3Kγ, might be a promising therapeutic strategy against CSCs defeating cancer in the near future.
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27
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Sanaei MJ, Baghery Saghchy Khorasani A, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Shahrokh S, Zali MR, Bashash D. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis in colorectal cancer: Oncogenic alterations, non-coding RNAs, therapeutic opportunities, and the emerging role of nanoparticles. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1720-1752. [PMID: 34897682 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest human malignancies worldwide. Several molecular pathways have been demonstrated to be involved in the initiation and development of CRC which among them, the overactivation of the phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR axis is of importance. The current review aims to unravel the mechanisms by which the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway affects CRC progression; and also, to summarize the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the oncogenic alterations and polymorphisms affecting this pathway in CRC. Besides, we provide a special focus on the regulatory role of noncoding RNAs targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in this malignancy. Questions on how this axis is involved in the inhibition of apoptosis, in the induction of drug resistance, and the angiogenesis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and metastasis are also responded. We also discussed the PI3K/Akt pathway-associated prognostic and predictive biomarkers in CRC. In addition, we provide a general overview of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibition whether by chemical-based drugs or by natural-based medications in the context of CRC, either as monotherapy or in combination with other therapeutic agents; however, those treatments might have life-threatening side effects and toxicities. To the best of our knowledge, the current review is one of the first ones highlighting the emerging roles of nanotechnology to overcome challenges related to CRC therapy in the hope that providing a promising platform for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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New derivatives of sulfonylhydrazone as potential antitumor agents: Design, synthesis and cheminformatics evaluation. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:545-565. [PMID: 36651560 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase α (PI3Kα) is a propitious target for designing anticancer drugs. A series of new N'-(diphenylmethylene)benzenesulfonohydrazide was synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C), HRMS, and elemental analysis. Target compounds exhibited an antiproliferative effect against the human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cell line. Our cheminformatics analysis indicated that the para-tailored derivatives [p-NO2 (3) and p-CF3 (7)] have better ionization potentials based on calculated Moran autocorrelations and ionization potentials. Subsequent in vitro cell proliferation assays validated our cheminformatics results by providing experimental evidence that both derivatives 3 and 7 exhibited improved antiproliferative activities against HCT-116. Hence, our results emphasized the importance of electron-withdrawing groups and hydrogen bond-acceptors in the rational design of small-molecule chemical ligands targeting PI3Kα. These results agreed with the induced-fit docking against PI3Kα, highlighting the role of p-substituted aromatic rings in guiding the ligand-PI3Kα complex formation, by targeting a hydrophobic pocket in the ligand-binding site and forming π-stacking interactions with a nearby tryptophan residue.
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29
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Lee JH, Yoo ES, Han SH, Jung GH, Han EJ, Jung SH, Seok Kim B, Cho SD, Nam JS, Choi C, Che JH, Jung JY. Oleanolic acid induces apoptosis and autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in AGS human gastric cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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30
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Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: New Therapeutic Approaches to Chronic, Recurrent Infection by Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122047. [PMID: 34959329 PMCID: PMC8706520 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An emergent approach to bacterial infection is the use of host rather than bacterial-directed strategies. This approach has the potential to improve efficacy in especially challenging infection settings, including chronic, recurrent infection due to intracellular pathogens. For nearly two decades, the pleiotropic effects of statin drugs have been examined for therapeutic usefulness beyond the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Interest originated after retrospective studies reported decreases in the risk of death due to bacteremia or sepsis for those on a statin regimen. Although subsequent clinical trials have yielded mixed results and earlier findings have been questioned for biased study design, in vitro and in vivo studies have provided clear evidence of protective mechanisms that include immunomodulatory effects and the inhibition of host cell invasion. Ultimately, the benefits of statins in an infection setting appear to require attention to the underlying host response and to the timing of the dosage. From this examination of statin efficacy, additional novel host-directed strategies may produce adjunctive therapeutic approaches for the treatment of infection where traditional antimicrobial therapy continues to yield poor outcomes. This review focuses on the opportunistic pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, as a proof of principle in examining the promise and limitations of statins in recalcitrant infection.
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31
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Roles of Therapeutic Bioactive Compounds in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9068850. [PMID: 34754365 PMCID: PMC8572616 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9068850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is due to poor prognosis and lack of availability of effective treatment. Novel therapeutic strategies will be the fine tuning of intracellular ROS signaling to effectively deprive cells of ROS-induced tumor-promoting events. This review discusses the generation of ROS, the major signaling their modulation in therapeutics. We explore some of the major pathways involved in HCC, which include the VEGF, MAPK/ERK, mTOR, FGF, and Ser/Thr kinase pathways. In this review, we study cornerstone on natural bioactive compounds with their effect on hepatocarcinomas. Furthermore, we focus on oxidative stress and FDA-approved signaling pathway inhibitors, along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhancers which with early evidence of success. While more in vivo testing is required to confirm the findings presented here, our findings will aid future nonclinical, preclinical, and clinical studies with these compounds, as well as inspire medicinal chemistry scientists to conduct appropriate research on this promising natural compound and their derivatives.
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32
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Dangelmaier C, Kunapuli SP. Protease-activated receptor 4 causes Akt phosphorylation independently of PI3 kinase pathways. Platelets 2021; 32:832-837. [PMID: 32811251 PMCID: PMC7889752 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1802415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PI-3 Kinase plays an important role in platelet activation mainly through regulation of RASA3. Akt phosphorylation is an indicator for the activity of PI3 kinase. The aim of this study is to characterize the pathways leading to Akt phosphorylation in platelets. We performed concentration response curves of LY294002, a pan-PI3 kinase inhibitor, on platelet aggregation and Akt phosphorylation, in washed human and mouse platelets. At concentrations as low as 3.12 µM, LY294002 abolished Akt phosphorylation induced by 2MeSADP and SFLLRN, but not by AYPGKF. It required much higher concentrations of LY294002 (12.5-25 µM) to abolish AYPGKF-induced Akt phosphorylation, both in wild type and P2Y12 null mouse platelets. We propose that 3.12 µM LY294002 is sufficient to inhibit PI3 kinase isoforms in platelets and higher concentrations might inhibit other pathways regulating Akt phosphorylation by AYPGKF. We conclude that Protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) might cause Akt phosphorylation through pathways distinctly different from those of Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Dangelmaier
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Satya P Kunapuli
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Cheng Y, Wang N, Zhao L, Liu C, Wang J, Ma C, Shi X. Knockdown of NOVA1 inhibits inflammation and migration of asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells to regulate PTEN/Akt pathway by targeting PTBP1. Mol Immunol 2021; 138:31-37. [PMID: 34332183 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NOVA1 (neuro-oncological ventral antigen 1) is a neuron specific RNA binding protein, belonging to the Nova family, which plays an important role in various diseases. However, the role of NOVA1 in childhood asthma remains unclear. This study was aimed to investigate the role of NOVA1 in TGF-β1-induced ASMCs proliferation and migration as well as the potential mechanisms. In our study, the NOVA1 expression was significantly increased in asthmatic tissues and TGF-β1-induced ASMCs. Inhibition of NOVA1 significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced ASMCs cell proliferation and migration, and alleviates TGF-β1-induced inflammation. NOVA1 positively regulated the PTBP1 expression and si-NOVA1 inhibited the activation of PTEN/AKT signal pathway. Importantly, the overexpression of PTBP1 partially reversed the effect of NOVA1 on cell viability, migration, inflammation and the activation of PTEN/AKT signal pathway. Generally, our study demonstrated that si-NOVA1 inhibited TGF-β1-induced inflammation and migration in ASMCs through PTBP1/PTEN/AKT pathway. Therefore, inhibition of NOVA1 may be useful for the prevention or treatment of asthma airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Weinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, 714000, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Respiratory Asthma Center of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710043, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Respiratory Asthma Center of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710043, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Respiratory Asthma Center of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710043, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Respiratory Asthma Center of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710043, China
| | - Cailing Ma
- Respiratory Asthma Center of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710043, China
| | - Xiaolan Shi
- Respiratory Asthma Center of Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710043, China.
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Leptin-Activity Modulators and Their Potential Pharmaceutical Applications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11071045. [PMID: 34356668 PMCID: PMC8301849 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a multifunctional hormone primarily, but not exclusively, secreted in adipose tissue, is implicated in a wide range of biological functions that control different processes, such as the regulation of body weight and energy expenditure, reproductive function, immune response, and bone metabolism. In addition, leptin can exert angiogenic and mitogenic actions in peripheral organs. Leptin biological activities are greatly related to its interaction with the leptin receptor. Both leptin excess and leptin deficiency, as well as leptin resistance, are correlated with different human pathologies, such as autoimmune diseases and cancers, making leptin and leptin receptor important drug targets. The development of leptin signaling modulators represents a promising strategy for the treatment of cancers and other leptin-related diseases. In the present manuscript, we provide an update review about leptin-activity modulators, comprising leptin mutants, peptide-based leptin modulators, as well as leptin and leptin receptor specific monoclonal antibodies and nanobodies.
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35
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Zhu J, Jiang Y, Jia L, Xu L, Cai Y, Chen Y, Zhu N, Li H, Jin J. A multi-conformational virtual screening approach based on machine learning targeting PI3Kγ. Mol Divers 2021; 25:1271-1282. [PMID: 34160714 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, more and more attention has been attracted to develop selective PI3Kγ inhibitors, but the unique structural features of PI3Kγ protein make it a very big challenge. In the present study, a virtual screening strategy based on machine learning with multiple PI3Kγ protein structures was developed to screen novel PI3Kγ inhibitors. First, six mainstream docking programs were chosen to evaluate their scoring power and screening power; CDOCKER and Glide show satisfactory reliability and accuracy against the PI3Kγ system. Next, virtual screening integrating multiple PI3Kγ protein structures was demonstrated to significantly improve the screening enrichment rate comparing to that with an individual protein structure. Last, a multi-conformational Naïve Bayesian Classification model with the optimal docking programs was constructed, and it performed a true capability in the screening of PI3Kγ inhibitors. Taken together, the current study could provide some guidance for the docking-based virtual screening to discover novel PI3Kγ inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yingmin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nannan Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huazhong Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Zia A, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Molecular and cellular pathways contributing to brain aging. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2021; 17:6. [PMID: 34118939 PMCID: PMC8199306 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-021-00179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the leading risk factor for several age-associated diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the biology of aging mechanisms is essential to the pursuit of brain health. In this regard, brain aging is defined by a gradual decrease in neurophysiological functions, impaired adaptive neuroplasticity, dysregulation of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis, neuroinflammation, and oxidatively modified molecules and organelles. Numerous pathways lead to brain aging, including increased oxidative stress, inflammation, disturbances in energy metabolism such as deregulated autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and IGF-1, mTOR, ROS, AMPK, SIRTs, and p53 as central modulators of the metabolic control, connecting aging to the pathways, which lead to neurodegenerative disorders. Also, calorie restriction (CR), physical exercise, and mental activities can extend lifespan and increase nervous system resistance to age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. The neuroprotective effect of CR involves increased protection against ROS generation, maintenance of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and inhibition of apoptosis. The recent evidence about the modem molecular and cellular methods in neurobiology to brain aging is exhibiting a significant potential in brain cells for adaptation to aging and resistance to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliabbas Zia
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Pourbagher-Shahri
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), 9717853577 Birjand, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Kim K, Park S, Kim H, Min S, Ku S, Seo J, Roh S. Enterococcus faecium L-15 Extract Enhances the Self-Renewal and Proliferation of Mouse Skin-Derived Precursor Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:1492-1501. [PMID: 32162154 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09635-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the gastrointestinal tract have beneficial health effects. LAB activate the proliferation of intestinal stem cells and speed the recovery of damaged intestinal cells, but little is known about effect of LAB on other adult stem cells. In this study, a cell-free extract of Enterococcus faecium L-15 (L15) was exposed to mouse skin-derived precursor cells (SKPs), and the changes in characteristics associated with proliferation and self-renewal capacity were investigated. L15 increased the size of the spheres and the proliferation rate of SKPs. Cell cycle analysis revealed that cells in the S-phase increased after treatment with L15. In the L15-treated group, the total number of spheres significantly increased. The expression level of pluripotency marker genes also increased, while the mesenchymal lineage-related differentiation marker genes significantly decreased in the L15-treated group. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was activated by L15 in SKPs. These results indicate that L15 enhances proliferation and self-renewal of SKPs and may be used as a supplement for stem cell maintenance or application of stem cell therapy. This is the first report to investigate the functional effects of E. faecium on the proliferation and self-renewal capacity of SKPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichul Kim
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Neoregen Biotech Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, 16614, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sol Min
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seockmo Ku
- Fermentation Science Program, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - Jeongmin Seo
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,Biomedical Research Institute, Neoregen Biotech Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, 16614, South Korea.
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, BK21, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Class IA PI3K regulatory subunits: p110-independent roles and structures. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1397-1417. [PMID: 32677674 PMCID: PMC7458397 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a critical regulator of many cellular processes including cell survival, growth, proliferation and motility. Not surprisingly therefore, the PI3K pathway is one of the most frequently mutated pathways in human cancers. In addition to their canonical role as part of the PI3K holoenzyme, the class IA PI3K regulatory subunits undertake critical functions independent of PI3K. The PI3K regulatory subunits exist in excess over the p110 catalytic subunits and therefore free in the cell. p110-independent p85 is unstable and exists in a monomer-dimer equilibrium. Two conformations of dimeric p85 have been reported that are mediated by N-terminal and C-terminal protein domain interactions, respectively. The role of p110-independent p85 is under investigation and it has been found to perform critical adaptor functions, sequestering or influencing compartmentalisation of key signalling proteins. Free p85 has roles in glucose homeostasis, cellular stress pathways, receptor trafficking and cell migration. As a regulator of fundamental pathways, the amount of p110-independent p85 in the cell is critical. Factors that influence the monomer-dimer equilibrium of p110-independent p85 offer additional control over this system, disruption to which likely results in disease. Here we review the current knowledge of the structure and functions of p110-independent class IA PI3K regulatory subunits.
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Sabbah DA, Hajjo R, Bardaweel SK, Zhong HA. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors: a recent update on inhibitor design and clinical trials (2016-2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:877-892. [PMID: 33970742 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1924150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway plays a central role in regulating cell growth and proliferation and thus has been considered as effective anticancer drug targets. Many PI3K inhibitors have been developed and progressed to various stages of clinical trials, and some have been approved as anticancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the drug design and clinical development of PI3K inhibitors over the past 4 years. We review the selectivity and potency of 47 PI3K inhibitors. Structural determinants for increasing selectivity toward PI3K subtype-selectivity or mutant selectivity are discussed. Future research direction and current clinical development in combination therapy of inhibitors involved in PI3Ks are also discussed.Area covered: This review covers clinical trial reports and patent literature on PI3K inhibitors and their selectivity published between 2016 and 2020.Expert opinion: To PI3Kα mutants (E542K, E545K, and H1047R), it is highly desirable to design and develop mutant-specific PI3K inhibitors. It is also necessary to develop subtype-selective PI3Kα inhibitors to minimize toxicity. To reduce drug resistance and to improve efficacy, future studies should include combination therapy of PI3K inhibitors with existing anticancer drugs from different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima A Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haizhen A Zhong
- DSC 362, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Mercurio L, Albanesi C, Madonna S. Recent Updates on the Involvement of PI3K/AKT/mTOR Molecular Cascade in the Pathogenesis of Hyperproliferative Skin Disorders. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:665647. [PMID: 33996865 PMCID: PMC8119789 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.665647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PhosphoInositide-3 Kinase (PI3K) represents a family of different classes of kinases which control multiple biological processes in mammalian cells, such as cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Class IA PI3Ks, the main regulators of proliferative signals, consists of a catalytic subunit (α, β, δ) that binds p85 regulatory subunit and mediates activation of AKT and mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathways and regulation of downstream effectors. Dysregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in skin contributes to several pathological conditions characterized by uncontrolled proliferation, including skin cancers, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis (AD). Among cutaneous cancers, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) display PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling hyperactivation, implicated in hyperproliferation, and tumorigenesis, as well as in resistance to apoptosis. Upregulation of mTOR signaling proteins has also been reported in psoriasis, in association with enhanced proliferation, defective keratinocyte differentiation, senescence-like growth arrest, and resistance to apoptosis, accounting for major parts of the overall disease phenotypes. On the contrary, PI3K/AKT/mTOR role in AD is less characterized, even though recent evidence demonstrates the relevant function for mTOR pathway in the regulation of epidermal barrier formation and stratification. In this review, we provide the most recent updates on the role and function of PI3K/AKT/mTOR molecular axis in the pathogenesis of different hyperproliferative skin disorders, and highlights on the current status of preclinical and clinical studies on PI3K-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mercurio
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Albanesi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Madonna
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Bilginer S, Bardaweel SK, Sabbah DA, Gul HI. Docking Studies and Antiproliferative Activities of 6-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl)-2(3H)- benzoxazolone Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3Kα). Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:716-724. [PMID: 32767959 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200807221731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a life-threatening group of diseases and universally, the second main cause of death. The design and development of new scaffolds targeting selective cancer cells are considered a promising goal for cancer treatment. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE Chalcone derivatives; 6-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl)-2(3H)-benzoxazolone, were previously prepared and evaluated against the oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma cell line, HSC-2, and were reported to have remarkably high tumor selectivity. The aim of this study was to further investigate the anticancer activities of the chalcone derivatives against human colon cancer cells with a possible elucidation of their mechanism of action. METHODS Computational studies were conducted to explore the potential interaction of the synthesized molecules with the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinaseα (PI3Kα). Biological evaluation of the antiproliferative activities associated with compounds 1-23 was carried out against the colon cancer cell line, HCT116. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured to study necrosis, while the caspase-3 activation and DNA measurements were used to evaluate apoptosis in the treated cells. RESULTS Glide studies against PI3Kα kinase domain demonstrated that the 6-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl)-2(3H)- benzoxazolone scaffold forms H-bond with K802, Y836, E849, V851, N853, Q859, and D933, and it fits the fingerprint of PI3Kα active inhibitors. Biological evaluation of the reported compounds in HCT116 cell line confirmed that the series inhibited PI3Kα activity and induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3 and reduction of DNA content. CONCLUSION The recently developed compounds might be employed as lead structures for the design of new antitumor drugs targeting PI3Kα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Bilginer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Dima A Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Halise Inci Gul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Hedges CP, Boix J, Jaiswal JK, Shetty B, Shepherd PR, Merry TL. Efficacy of Providing the PI3K p110α Inhibitor BYL719 (Alpelisib) to Middle-Aged Mice in Their Diet. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020150. [PMID: 33503847 PMCID: PMC7911305 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BYL719 (alpelisib) is a small molecule inhibitor of PI3K p110α developed for cancer therapy. Targeted suppression of PI3K has led to lifespan extension in rodents and model organisms. If PI3K inhibitors are to be considered as an aging therapeutic, it is important to understand the potential consequences of long-term exposure, and the most practical way to achieve this is through diet administration. Here, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of BYL719 delivered in diet and the efficacy of BYL719 to suppress insulin signaling when administered in the diet of 8-month-old male and female mice. Compared to oral gavage, diet incorporation resulted in a lower peak plasma BYL719 (3.6 vs. 9.2 μM) concentration but similar half-life (~1.5 h). Consuming BYL719 resulted in decreased insulin signaling in liver and muscle within 72 h, and mice still showed impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity following 6 weeks of access to a diet containing 0.3 g/kg BYL719. However, consuming BYL719 did not affect food intake, body mass, muscle function (rotarod and hang time performance) or cognitive behaviors. This provides evidence that BYL719 has long-term efficacy without major toxicity or side effects, and suggests that administering BYL719 in diet is suitable for studying the effect of pharmacological suppression of PI3K p110α on aging and metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Hedges
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.P.H.); (B.S.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.K.J.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Jordi Boix
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Jagdish K. Jaiswal
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.K.J.); (P.R.S.)
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Bhoopika Shetty
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.P.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Peter R. Shepherd
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.K.J.); (P.R.S.)
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Troy L. Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.P.H.); (B.S.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.K.J.); (P.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9-923-6372
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Alqawlaq S, Livne-Bar I, Williams D, D'Ercole J, Leung SW, Chan D, Tuccitto A, Datti A, Wrana JL, Corbett AH, Schmitt-Ulms G, Sivak JM. An endogenous PI3K interactome promoting astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection identifies a novel association with RNA-binding protein ZC3H14. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100118. [PMID: 33234594 PMCID: PMC7948738 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes can support neuronal survival through a range of secreted signals that protect against neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cascades. Thus, analyzing the effects of the astrocyte secretome may provide valuable insight into these neuroprotective mechanisms. Previously, we characterized a potent neuroprotective activity mediated by retinal astrocyte conditioned media (ACM) on retinal and cortical neurons in metabolic stress models. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this complex activity in neuronal cells has remained unclear. Here, a chemical genetics screen of kinase inhibitors revealed phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) as a central player transducing ACM-mediated neuroprotection. To identify additional proteins contributing to the protective cascade, endogenous PI3K was immunoprecipitated from neuronal cells exposed to ACM or control media, followed by MS/MS proteomic analyses. These data pointed toward a relatively small number of proteins that coimmunoprecipitated with PI3K, and surprisingly only five were regulated by the ACM signal. These hits included expected PI3K interactors, such as the platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA), as well as novel RNA-binding protein interactors ZC3H14 (zinc finger CCCH-type containing 14) and THOC1 (THO complex protein 1). In particular, ZC3H14 has recently emerged as an important RNA-binding protein with multiple roles in posttranscriptional regulation. In validation studies, we show that PI3K recruitment of ZC3H14 is necessary for PDGF-induced neuroprotection and that this interaction is present in primary retinal ganglion cells. Thus, we identified a novel non-cell autonomous neuroprotective signaling cascade mediated through PI3K that requires recruitment of ZC3H14 and may present a promising strategy to promote astrocyte-secreted prosurvival signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samih Alqawlaq
- Department of Vision Science, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Izhar Livne-Bar
- Department of Vision Science, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Declan Williams
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph D'Ercole
- Department of Vision Science, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara W Leung
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Darren Chan
- Department of Vision Science, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alessandra Tuccitto
- Department of Vision Science, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alessandro Datti
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita H Corbett
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy M Sivak
- Department of Vision Science, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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N-Phenyl-6-Chloro-4-Hydroxy-2-Quinolone-3-CarboxAmides: Molecular Docking, Synthesis, and Biological Investigation as Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010073. [PMID: 33375766 PMCID: PMC7795513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Diverse factors induce carcinogenesis, such as diet, smoking, radiation, and genetic defects. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kα) has emerged as an attractive target for anticancer drug design. Eighteen derivatives of N-phenyl-6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-quinolone-3-carboxamide were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C), and high-resolution mass spectra (HRMS). The series exhibited distinct antiproliferative activity (IC50 µM) against human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cell lines, respectively: compounds 16 (37.4, 8.9 µM), 18 (50.9, 3.3 µM), 19 (17.0, 5.3 µM), and 21 (18.9, 4.9 µM). The induced-fit docking (IFD) studies against PI3Kαs showed that the derivatives occupy the PI3Kα binding site and engage with key binding residues.
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Sabbah DA, Hasan SE, Abu Khalaf R, Bardaweel SK, Hajjo R, Alqaisi KM, Sweidan KA, Al-Zuheiri AM. Molecular Modeling, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N-Phenyl-4-Hydroxy-6-Methyl-2-Quinolone-3-CarboxAmides as Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225348. [PMID: 33207767 PMCID: PMC7698136 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3Kα) in cancer development has accentuated its significance as a potential target for anticancer drug design. Twenty one derivatives of N-phenyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-quinolone-3-carboxamide were synthesized and characterized using NMR (1H and 13C) and HRMS. The derivatives displayed inhibitory activity against human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and human colon cancer (HCT-116) cell lines: compounds 8 (IC50 Caco-2 = 98 µM, IC50 HCT-116 = 337 µM) and 16 (IC50 Caco-2 = 13 µM, IC50 HCT-116 = 240.2 µM). Results showed that compound 16 significantly affected the gene encoding AKT, BAD, and PI3K. The induced-fit docking (IFD) studies against PI3Kα demonstrated that the scaffold accommodates the kinase domains and forms H-bonds with significant binding residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima A. Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan; (S.E.H.); (R.A.K.); (R.H.); (A.M.A.-Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-6429-1511
| | - Shaima’ E. Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan; (S.E.H.); (R.A.K.); (R.H.); (A.M.A.-Z.)
| | - Reema Abu Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan; (S.E.H.); (R.A.K.); (R.H.); (A.M.A.-Z.)
| | - Sanaa K. Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan; (S.E.H.); (R.A.K.); (R.H.); (A.M.A.-Z.)
| | - Khalid M. Alqaisi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan;
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre (PDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Kamal A. Sweidan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Aya M. Al-Zuheiri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan; (S.E.H.); (R.A.K.); (R.H.); (A.M.A.-Z.)
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Strassheim D, Verin A, Batori R, Nijmeh H, Burns N, Kovacs-Kasa A, Umapathy NS, Kotamarthi J, Gokhale YS, Karoor V, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya E. P2Y Purinergic Receptors, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186855. [PMID: 32962005 PMCID: PMC7555413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic G-protein-coupled receptors are ancient and the most abundant group of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The wide distribution of purinergic receptors in the cardiovascular system, together with the expression of multiple receptor subtypes in endothelial cells (ECs) and other vascular cells demonstrates the physiological importance of the purinergic signaling system in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. This review discusses the contribution of purinergic P2Y receptors to endothelial dysfunction (ED) in numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Endothelial dysfunction can be defined as a shift from a “calm” or non-activated state, characterized by low permeability, anti-thrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, to a “activated” state, characterized by vasoconstriction and increased permeability, pro-thrombotic, and pro-inflammatory properties. This state of ED is observed in many diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, sepsis, and pulmonary hypertension. Herein, we review the recent advances in P2Y receptor physiology and emphasize some of their unique signaling features in pulmonary endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (N.B.); (V.K.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (R.B.); (A.K.-K.)
| | - Robert Batori
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (R.B.); (A.K.-K.)
| | - Hala Nijmeh
- The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Nana Burns
- The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (N.B.); (V.K.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Anita Kovacs-Kasa
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.V.); (R.B.); (A.K.-K.)
| | | | - Janavi Kotamarthi
- The Department of BioMedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.K.); (Y.S.G.)
| | - Yash S. Gokhale
- The Department of BioMedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.K.); (Y.S.G.)
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (N.B.); (V.K.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (N.B.); (V.K.); (K.R.S.)
- The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- The Department of Medicine Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research Laboratory, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.S.); (N.B.); (V.K.); (K.R.S.)
- The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-724-5614
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Adachi Y, Ito K, Hayashi Y, Kimura R, Tan TZ, Yamaguchi R, Ebi H. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition is a Cause of Both Intrinsic and Acquired Resistance to KRAS G12C Inhibitor in KRAS G12C–Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5962-5973. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Agents that specifically target pathologic mechanisms of survival have now been approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in both the treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory settings. These 4 agents include the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib, the B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 inhibitor venetoclax, and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitors idelalisib and duvelisib. Although clinical outcomes are improved with all of these inhibitors, acquired resistance does occur and leads to progression of disease. Resistance to targeted therapy can occur through direct mutations of the target or through the overexpression of alternative cell survival pathways not affected by the specific inhibitor. Determining which patients will develop resistance, why resistance occurs, how to overcome resistance, and when to test for resistance are all subjects of ongoing research. In this review, we describe the current data relative to the development of resistance to targeted therapies in CLL.
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Research advances on selective phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase δ (PI3Kδ) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127457. [PMID: 32755681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PI3Kδ in B cells mediates antigen receptor signaling and promote neutrophil chemotaxis. The activation of PI3Kδ can cause mast cell maturation and degranulation, myeloid cell dysfunction, and cytokine release. As a key signal molecule, PI3Kδ interacts with the lipid binding domain of a variety of cellular proteins as a secondary messenger, ultimately affecting a series of significant cellular pathways in disease pathology. Therefore, many research organizations and pharmaceutical companies have studied it to develop effectively selective PI3Kδ inhibitors as therapeutics. This review summarizes research advances in varying chemical classes of selective PI3Kδ inhibitors and the structure-activity relationship, and it mainly focuses on the propeller- versus flat-type class of inhibitors.
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Lee MJ, Jin N, Grandis JR, Johnson DE. Alterations and molecular targeting of the GSK-3 regulator, PI3K, in head and neck cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118679. [PMID: 32061630 PMCID: PMC7671657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly morbid, genetically unstable disease derived from the mucoepithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract. Recent characterization of this disease has implicated the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway as one of the most frequently dysregulated pathways. As such, there are several classes of PI3K inhibitors currently undergoing clinical trials. In this article, we review the PI3K pathway, mutations of this pathway in HNSCC, drugs that target PI3K, the impact of these agents on the PI3K and GSK-3 signaling axes, ongoing clinical trials evaluating PI3K inhibitors, and the challenges of using these drugs in the clinic. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: GSK-3 and related kinases in cancer, neurological and other disorders edited by James McCubrey, Agnieszka Gizak and Dariusz Rakus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Lee
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nan Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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