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Kara HC, Cogen T, Telci F. Family Resilience in Primary Caregivers of Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Am J Audiol 2024; 33:705-717. [PMID: 38748949 DOI: 10.1044/2024_aja-23-00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate family resilience-defined as the capacity of a family to harness its collective strengths and resources to recover from and adapt to significant adversities or crises effectively-in primary caregivers of children who are deaf and hard of hearing (cDHH) and its association with quality of life, life satisfaction, perceived social support, and loneliness. METHOD The study involved 108 primary caregivers of cDHH and 139 primary caregivers of children with normal hearing. Participants underwent psychometric evaluations including the Family Resilience Scale, World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-Brief Form, Satisfaction with Life Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. RESULTS Significant differences were found in almost every scale and its subdimension between the two groups (p < .05). Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between all scale total scores for both groups (p < .05, .153 < | r | < .737). Quality of life was found to be a significant predictor of family resilience, F(1, 139) = 41.824, R2 = .279, B = 0.495, t = 6.467, p < .001. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the significant impact of having cDHH on caregivers' family resilience, quality of life, life satisfaction, feelings of loneliness, and perceived social support. The results underscore the importance of enhancing caregivers' quality of life as a potential strategy to improve their family resilience. Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay of factors influencing these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halide Cetin Kara
- Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Turkey
| | - Talha Cogen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Audiology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Turkey
| | - Fatma Telci
- Institute of Graduate Studies, Department of Audiology, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Turkey
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2
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Maeda T, Tanahashi Y, Asada H, Kidokoro H, Takahashi Y, Sato Y. High threshold of total developmental quotient at 3 years for follow-up in extremely preterm infants. Early Hum Dev 2024; 196:106098. [PMID: 39116725 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.106098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationship between the developmental quotient (DQ) at age 3 years and the need for educational support at school age in extremely preterm infants. METHODS A total of 176 infants with a gestational age of <28 weeks were analyzed. The total DQ and subscales were evaluated using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development (KSPD) test. Neurodevelopment at age 3 years was stratified using total DQ in a conventional (DQ < 70 as developmental delay, DQ 70- <85 as subnormal, DQ ≥85 as normal) and a modified way (subdividing normal into DQ 85- <93 as low-normal and DQ ≥93 as high-normal). The prevalence of future educational support was compared for each stratum. Additionally, subscales were compared between those with and without educational support in each total DQ stratum. RESULTS In conventional stratification, the prevalence of educational support was 32 (63 %) for developmental delay, 14 (24 %) for subnormal, and 10 (15 %) for normal. In modified stratification, the prevalence was 8 (26 %) for low-normal and 2 (5 %) for high-normal. While there was no significant difference in the odds of educational support between the normal and subnormal, the low-normal had significantly higher odds compared to the high-normal (OR 6.00; 95 % CI, 1.16-30.95, p = 0.03). Among the low-normal stratum, the language-social subscale was significantly lower in those with educational support. CONCLUSION Setting high thresholds for total DQ and evaluating detailed subscales at age 3 years may be useful for developmental follow-up in extremely preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Maeda
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Hideyuki Asada
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kidokoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Neonatal Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
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3
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Shepherd D, Buchwald K, Siegert RJ, Vignes M. Using network analysis to identify factors influencing the heath-related quality of life of parents caring for an autistic child. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 152:104808. [PMID: 39067240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raising an autistic child is associated with increased parenting stress relative to raising typically developing children. Increased parenting stress is associated with lower parent wellbeing, which in turn can negatively impact child wellbeing. AIMS The current study sought to quantify parenting stress and parent health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the autism context, and further understand the relationship between them by employing a relatively novel statistical method, Network Analysis. METHODS AND PROCEDURES This cross-sectional study involved 476 parents of an autistic child. Parents completed an online survey requesting information on parent and child characteristics, parent's perceptions of their autistic child's symptoms and problem behaviours, and assessed their parenting stress and HRQOL. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Relative to normative data, parent HRQOL was significantly lower in terms of physical health and mental wellbeing. The structure extracted by the Network Analysis indicated that child age and externalising behaviours were the main contributors to parenting stress, and that externalising behaviours, ASD core behavioural symptoms, and parenting stress predicted HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Parental responses to child-related factors likely determine parent HRQOL. Findings are discussed in relation to the transactional model, emphasising the importance of both parent and child wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shepherd
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
| | - Khan Buchwald
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Richard J Siegert
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Matthieu Vignes
- School of Computational and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand
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Sandhu A, Rawat K, Gautam V, Kumar A, Sharma A, Bhatia A, Grover S, Saini L, Saha L. Neuroprotective effect of PPAR gamma agonist in rat model of autism spectrum disorder: Role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 135:111126. [PMID: 39179196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical manifestation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked to the disruption of fundamental neurodevelopmental pathways. Emerging evidences claim to have an upregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway while downregulation of PPARγ pathway in ASD. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, in rat model of ASD. The study further explores the possible role of PPARγ and Wnt/β-catenin pathway and their interaction in ASD by using their modulators. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pregnant female Wistar rats received 600 mg/kg of valproic acid (VPA) to induce autistic symptoms in pups. Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) was used to evaluate neurobehaviors, relative mRNA expression of inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), apoptotic markers (Bcl-2, Bax, & Caspase-3) and histopathology (H&E, Nissl stain, Immunohistochemistry). Effect of pioglitazone was evaluated on Wnt pathway and 4 μg/kg dose of 6-BIO (Wnt modulator) was used to study the PPARγ pathway. RESULTS ASD model was established in pups as indicated by core autistic symptoms, increased neuroinflammation, apoptosis and histopathological neurodegeneration in cerebellum, hippocampus and amygdala. Pioglitazone significantly attenuated these alterations in VPA-exposed rats. The expression study results indicated an increase in key transcription factor, β-catenin in VPA-rats suggesting an upregulation of canonical Wnt pathway in them. Pioglitazone significantly downregulated the Wnt signaling by suppressing the expression of Wnt signaling-associated proteins. The inhibiting effect of Wnt pathway on PPARγ activity was indicated by downregulation of PPARγ-associated protein in VPA-exposed rats and those administered with 6-BIO. CONCLUSION In the present study, upregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway was demonstrated in ASD rat model. Pioglitazone administration significantly ameliorated these symptoms potentially through its neuroprotective effect and its ability to downregulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The antagonism between the PPARγ and Wnt pathway offers a promising therapeutic approach for addressing ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Sandhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Kajal Rawat
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Vipasha Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Antika Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute ofMedical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Lokesh Saini
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342001, India
| | - Lekha Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India.
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Albright J, Shinall JA, Tomczuk L, Stewart RE, Mandell DS, Stahmer AC, Beidas RS, Pellecchia M. A multi-constituent qualitative examination of facilitators and barriers to caregiver coaching for autistic children in publicly funded early intervention. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024:13623613241272993. [PMID: 39171756 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241272993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Caregiver coaching is an evidence-based practice for young autistic children, but it is not widely used in community-based early intervention services. Previous research has explored why caregiver coaching is not widespread in early intervention, but only from the perspective of early intervention providers. Caregivers, providers, and administrators are all involved in the decision of whether to use caregiver coaching in early intervention. Therefore, it is important to include all perspectives in research regarding this practice. In this study we interviewed 20 caregivers of autistic children, 36 early intervention providers, and 6 administrators from early intervention agencies and asked questions about their perspectives regarding the use of caregiver coaching in early intervention. We did this to figure out what factors help and hinder the use of caregiver coaching in this setting and to see how caregivers, providers, and administrators agreed or disagreed on these factors. All participants agreed that caregivers' attitudes and expectations can influence whether caregiver coaching is used. In addition, all participants agreed that when caregivers and providers collaborate and have a strong working relationship, it can facilitate the use of caregiver coaching in early intervention. Other factors, such as caregiver stress and provider flexibility were also discussed. Based on these findings, we suggest strategies that can be used to possibly increase the use of caregiver coaching in early intervention for autistic children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rinad S Beidas
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA
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6
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Brennan J, Ward OF, Tomeny TS, Davis TE. A Systematic Review of Parental Self-Efficacy in Parents of Autistic Children. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2024:10.1007/s10567-024-00495-2. [PMID: 39160428 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-024-00495-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Parental self-efficacy (PSE) assesses a parent's expectations and beliefs about their ability to effectively parent their child. PSE has implications for a parent's well-being, parenting practices, mental health, the parent-child relationship, and child adjustment. While PSE has been extensively examined within the broader parenting literature, the examination of PSE specifically for parents of autistic children has gained increasing attention in recent years. The following systematic review aimed to investigate the role of PSE for parents of autistic children by examining variables that predict PSE or are predicted by PSE in relation to how they align with the broader parenting literature and are unique to autism. Utilizing PRISMA guidelines, peer-reviewed articles were included if (a) participants included caregivers of autistic children, (b) at least one quantitative outcome measure of PSE was utilized, and (c) the role of PSE was examined as an outcome, predictor, or variable in an explanatory model. A total of 53 studies were included in the review and the role of PSE was examined regarding family (e.g., parental characteristics, parent stress, well-being, and support) and child factors (e.g., autism symptomology, problem behaviors, interventions). Several themes emerged including a positive relationship between PSE and support, and a negative relationship between PSE and parenting stress, parent mental health outcomes (e.g., anxiety, depression), and autism symptomology. Findings were compared to the broader parenting and PSE literature to examine how increased considerations and challenges (e.g., child problem behaviors, social impairment, and caregiver strain) associated with raising an autistic child might impact PSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Brennan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, 348 Gordon Palmer Hall, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Olivia F Ward
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, 348 Gordon Palmer Hall, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Theodore S Tomeny
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, 348 Gordon Palmer Hall, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Thompson E Davis
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, 348 Gordon Palmer Hall, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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7
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Chung ST, Lok EYC, Chan QKN, Cheng KM, Lam SM, Lui SSY. Psychometric Properties of the Caregiver Strain Questionnaire in a Chinese Sample of Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:3059-3068. [PMID: 37344730 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The Caregiver Strain Questionnaire assesses the three dimensions of caregiver strain, namely the objective, subjective externalized and subjective internalized strain. It was validated among caregivers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the United States and Mainland China with promising psychometric properties.This study aimed to develop and validate the Chinese (traditional script) version of the Caregiver Strain Questionnaire (C-CGSQ) among 198 caregivers of children with ASD in Hong Kong. The C-CGSQ showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.958) and test-retest reliability (Spearman's r = 0.966). Concurrent, convergent, divergent validity and a three-factor structure (consistent with previous studies) were established. The C-CGSQ demonstrated promising psychometric properties in measuring caregiver strain among caregivers of Chinese ASD children in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenia Y C Lok
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Quinney K N Chan
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Koi-Man Cheng
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Siu-Man Lam
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Papadopoulos A, Tsapara A, Gryparis A, Tafiadis D, Trimmis N, Plotas P, Skapinakis P, Tzoufi M, Siafaka V. A Prospective Study of the Family Quality of Life, Illness Perceptions, and Coping in Mothers of Children Newly Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Communication Difficulties. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:2187-2204. [PMID: 39194940 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14080146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study assesses the impact of mothers' illness perceptions about autism spectrum disorder and their coping strategies on the family's quality of life during the initial period following diagnosis and one year afterward. (2) Method: The sample consisted of 53 mothers of children newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and having communication difficulties who completed the following: the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, and the Brief-COPE. (3) Results: The findings revealed a moderate family quality of life in the initial assessment and a lack of a statistically significant change one year later. Notably, statistically significant changes were observed in coping strategies, as in the second assessment, and the score in denial and self-blame decreased. Pearson and Eta analyses indicated several correlations between socio-demographic characteristics, illness perceptions, coping strategies, and family quality of life. Multiple regression analysis showed that positive reframing was positively associated with total family quality of life in the initial period following diagnosis and one year afterward, while self-blame was associated with poorer quality of life in the time after diagnosis. Furthermore, the belief about the controllability of the disorder was correlated with better family quality of life one year after the diagnosis. (4) Conclusions: Illness perceptions and coping can be considered as predictors of family quality of life outcomes one year after the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. The focus of interventions, apart from controlling the disorder's symptoms, should aim to strengthen specific strategies and weaken others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Papadopoulos
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- General Children's Hospital of Patras "Karamandaneio", 26331 Patras, Greece
| | - Angeliki Tsapara
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Alexandros Gryparis
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 4th Km National Road Ioannina-Athens, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dionysios Tafiadis
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 4th Km National Road Ioannina-Athens, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Trimmis
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Plotas
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Petros Skapinakis
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Meropi Tzoufi
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Siafaka
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 4th Km National Road Ioannina-Athens, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
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9
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Zhao M, You Y, Gao X, Li L, Li J, Cao M. The effects of a web-based 24-hour movement behavior lifestyle education program on mental health and psychological well-being in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2024; 56:101865. [PMID: 38824831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2024.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Compared with parents of neurotypical children or children diagnosed with other disabilities, parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience poorer mental health, greater stress, and more depression and anxiety symptoms. This study aimed to assess the effects of a web-based 24-h movement behavior lifestyle education program on mental health and psychological well-being in parents of children with ASD. METHODS This study employed a randomized controlled trial utilizing the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) as a theoretical framework. A total of 318 parents of children with ASD were enrolled and randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The experimental group received an 8-week web-based 24-h movement behavior lifestyle education program, while the control group followed their usual routine. Two instruments, the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), were used to measure mental health and psychological well-being, respectively. The data were collected at two time points-at the beginning and the end of the intervention. RESULTS Compared with the baseline and control groups, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in all outcome measures (p < 0.01). There were significant differences in the DASS-21 and SWLS scores between the two groups before and after the intervention (p ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSION This study represents the first randomized controlled trial involving a web-based 24-h movement behavior lifestyle education program specifically designed to address the mental health and psychological well-being of parents of children with ASD. The findings confirm the potential impact of 24-h movement behavior lifestyle education as a functional and effective strategy for parents of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxian Zhao
- School of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yonghao You
- Department of Sports Science, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Xinsong Gao
- School of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Linlin Li
- School of Sports Social Science, Shandong Sport University, Jinan, 250102, China
| | - Jiayun Li
- School of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Meng Cao
- School of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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10
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Gülbetekin E, Kardaş Özdemir F, Aşut G. The mediator role of parenting stress in the effect of stigmatization on burnout in parents of children with autism: A structural equality model. J Pediatr Nurs 2024:S0882-5963(24)00283-5. [PMID: 39054111 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to report on the mediator role of parenting stress in the effect of stigmatization on burnout in parents of children with autism. DESIGN AND METHODS A descriptive and correlational research design was used in this study. The sample consisted of 146 parents who had children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and volunteered to participate in the study. A "Personal Information Form", the "Parents' Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale", the "Parenting Stress Scale", and the "Parental Burnout Assessment" were used for data collection. RESULTS In the study, it was observed that the feeling of stigmatization increased as the education level increased and that variables such as the ages of the parent and the child and an increase in the number of children requiring care also affected the feeling of stigmatization. Parenting stress was found to have a "partial mediator" role in the effect of stigmatization on parental burnout. CONCLUSION Our findings emphasized the heterogeneous correlation between stigmatization, burnout, and stress levels of parents of children with autism. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study has key implications for pediatric nursing practices. Pediatric nurses can educate the community about autism, what issues should be considered, and how to support parents. Furthermore, nurses can introduce parents who have children with autism to each other and direct them to parent-child activities that can regulate their moods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Gülbetekin
- Igdır University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Igdır, Turkey.
| | - Funda Kardaş Özdemir
- Kafkas University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Kars, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Aşut
- Igdır University Health Services Vocational School, Igdır, Turkey
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11
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Rispoli KM, Curtiss SL, Naguib S. Brief transition-focused education for families of autistic youth: preliminary mixed-methods investigation. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38967010 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2365415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The transition to adulthood is one of the most challenging and complex processes for autistic youth and their families. Few evidence-based transition support programs exist, and those that have garnered support require long-term commitments and resources that may prohibit participation by families with financial and time limitations. The current study investigated the feasibility and initial promise of a brief, caregiver-focused educational transition program for families of autistic youth delivered in the community over a single day. METHODS Quantitative informant-report and qualitative interview data were collected from 12 caregivers of autistic youth before and after program participation. Using a partially mixed sequential equal status design, quantitative and qualitative data were integrated to evaluate change in caregiver transition knowledge and empowerment, as well as caregivers' perceptions of program feasibility, acceptability, and usefulness. RESULTS Caregivers reported significant increases in knowledge of transition-related topics and sense of empowerment regarding their family life. Caregiver perceptions of the intervention suggest they found it feasible, acceptable, and useful. CONCLUSIONS Short-term transition programming may be a helpful option for caregivers who seek transition supports for autistic youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suzi Naguib
- Sunfield Center for Autism, ADHD and Behavioral Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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12
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Faker K, de Paula VAC, Tostes MA. Psychometric Properties of the Portuguese Version of the Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire (QoLA). J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06428-w. [PMID: 38963472 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06428-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire (QoLA) among parents of children ASD. The translated version was administered to 91 parents (Male: 4, Female: 85, other: 2) of individuals diagnosed with ASD. Among these, 22 completed the questionnaire twice, providing data for the assessment of test-retest reliability (ICC). The B-QoLA score ranged from 41 to 122, with a mean (SD) of 74.3 ± 18.5 in Part A and ranged from 22 to 94, with a mean (SD) of 61.6 ± 16.4, in Part B. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.94 for Part A, 0.92 for Part B and 0.94 for total B-QoLA, indicating excellent internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient, which was 0.96 for the total scale, 0.94 for Part A, and 0.95 for Part B. Part A-X2 (df) = 297, (167), X2/2 = 1.7, CFI = 0.85, TLI = 0.84, GFI = 0.78, AGFI = 0.75, and RMSEA (95%CI) = 0.09 (0.07-0.11); Part B-X2 (df) = 297, (167), X2/2 = 1.7, CFI = 0.85, TLI = 0.84, GFI = 0.78, AGFI = 0.75, and RMSEA (95%CI) = 0.09 (0.07-0.11), thus indicating moderate fit of the model. The Brazilian version of the QoLA shows encouraging psychometric properties on each of the two subscales, showing strong internal consistency and good construct validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawana Faker
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Mário Santos Braga, Nº 30 - Campus Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24040-110, Brazil
| | - Viviane Andrade Cancio de Paula
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Mário Santos Braga, Nº 30 - Campus Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24040-110, Brazil
| | - Monica Almeida Tostes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Mário Santos Braga, Nº 30 - Campus Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24040-110, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Mário Santos Braga, N° 30 - Campus Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24040-110, Brazil.
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13
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Garcia JM, Hahs-Vaughn D, Murray M, Perry C, Brazendale K, Rice DJ, Fukuda DH. The physical and psychosocial benefits of a family judo program for parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A pilot study. Disabil Health J 2024; 17:101631. [PMID: 38702229 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) tend to have high levels of stress and poor health habits. There is a lack of interventions that focus on improving health outcomes in parents of children with ASD. OBJECTIVE To examine the physical and psychosocial effects of a family-based judo program on parents of children diagnosed with ASD. METHODS This study utilized a pre-post single group design. Eighteen parent-child dyads participated in a 14-week judo program for families of children with ASD. Judo sessions were held once a week for 45 min. Parents wore wrist accelerometers to assess physical activity/sleep quality, and completed surveys regarding self-reported stress levels pre- and post-judo. Parents also completed open-ended questions regarding their experience in the program. Paired sample t-tests were conducted to examine changes in stress, physical activity, and sleep quality from pre-to post-program. RESULTS Both a decrease in parental stress (47.77 vs. 41.61, p < 0.01) and an increase in minutes per day of physical activity (35.49 vs 45.94, p = 0.002) were observed from baseline to post-program. Fourteen of the 18 parents (78 %) reported at least one psychosocial benefit (e.g. increased self-confidence) or physical health benefit (e.g. increased physical activity) from participation in the program. CONCLUSIONS A family judo program may provide health benefits, such as reducing stress levels and increasing physical activity in parents of children with ASD. Further research involving larger sample sizes is necessary to better determine the effects of judo on both parents and their children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M Garcia
- School of Sport Sciences, College of Applied Human Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Debbie Hahs-Vaughn
- College of Community Innovation and Education, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Michelle Murray
- Department of Heath Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Caitlyn Perry
- Department of Heath Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Keith Brazendale
- Department of Heath Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - David J Rice
- School of Sport Sciences, College of Applied Human Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - David H Fukuda
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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14
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Kasem A, Abuhammad S, Jamal N. Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder quality of life in Jordan: a comparative study. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:FSO909. [PMID: 38827808 PMCID: PMC11140641 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to assess the quality of life (QoL) of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Jordan and its associated factors. Methods: This comparative study was conducted among parents of children with ASD and non-ASD. Data collection took four setting areas that include three centers for autism in three different municipalities and the control group was collected using social media. A convenience sample of 242 parents agreed to complete a QoL questionnaire. Results: Parents of children with ASD in Jordan have poor QoL across the five domains of QoL in compare with parents with non-ASD child. Factors such as gender, level of education, living condition and employment status were found impacting QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedallah Kasem
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Sawsan Abuhammad
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Naemah Jamal
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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15
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Zhu L, Ge X, Huang W, Shao L, Ma X. Exploring the push-pull factors influencing parenting efficacy of fathers of children with ASD: a fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1303484. [PMID: 38779542 PMCID: PMC11109413 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1303484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to explore the core factors and configurations influencing parenting efficacy for fathers of children with ASD in Western China by using a configuration analysis. Background Understanding the push-pull factors related to parenting efficacy for fathers raising children with ASD can support the fathers of children with ASD to participate in education affairs and improve the quality of family education, which is of significant importance to both individuals and society. This study recruited 156 fathers of children with ASD from China. Results The results suggested that there was more than one (sub) configuration for achieving a high level of parenting efficacy among fathers of children with ASD. (b) The configurations could be summarized into three main types as follows: "working within the system*flexible working time," "high level of education*high level of other support," and "severe disability*fewer interaction with wife." (c) The two variables, "family income" and "community support," were not as important as they were shown in previous studies, and their effects often depended on how they interact with other variables. Conclusions Findings highlighted the validity of deploying configuration analysis (based on the ecosystem theory) to establish the relationship between independent variables and the parenting efficacy of fathers of children with ASD. The discovery of more than one configuration led to a new consensus on how multiple factors influence parenting efficacy. Implications were suggested for practitioners, policymakers, and future research alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Zhu
- School of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Educational Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinbin Ge
- School of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weijun Huang
- School of Special Education, Guangxi College for Preschool Education, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Graduate School, Lyceum of the Philippines University, Batangas, Philippines
| | - Leyi Shao
- School of Educational Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaolan Ma
- School of Educational Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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16
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Xu L, Song L, Xiong Z, Chen J. The relationship between perceived social support and rumination among parents of children with autism: moderating effect of the degree of intervention received by children. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1340046. [PMID: 38774438 PMCID: PMC11106356 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1340046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective As the number of children diagnosed with autism rises year by year, the issue of nurturing this particular group becomes increasingly salient. Parents of autistic children, as the nearest and most reliable caregivers for their children, shoulder immense psychological strain and accountability. They are compelled to confront an array of daily life challenges presented by their children, as well as endure multiple pressures such as societal scrutiny and financial burdens. Consequently, the mental health status of the parents is of utmost significance. Methods In this study, questionnaire survey combined with literature analysis were applied. The rumination thinking scale and the social support scale were used to investigate the relationship between social support perceived by parents of autistic children and rumination. Meanwhile, the moderating effects of intervention on children with autism were also explored. It hopes that our research would provide a basis for alleviating psychological stress and improving the mental health levels of the parents. A total of 303 parents of children with autism were collected (including 160 females and 143 males). Corresponding data analyses were conducted using SPSS 26.0. Results Parents of autistic children generally exhibited high levels of rumination, with significant gender differences. At the same time, the perceived social support by the parents significantly influenced their level of rumination. It showed that the higher the social support received by parents, the lower the level of rumination. More importantly, the extent of intervention received by the children had a regulating effect on rumination of their parents. Conclusion The personalized psychological support programs should be developed based on the actual situation of parents, to better manage the challenges presented by raising a child with autism. Our findings would provide important theoretical underpinnings and practical guidance for psychological intervention efforts aimed at families of autistic children. Moreover, these findings offer novel insights for future research, with the potential to advance the field of mental health studies concerning parents of children with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- College of Educational Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Song
- College of Educational Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiheng Xiong
- School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiejia Chen
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Liu W, Thompson PA, Gray KM, Hastings RP. Child behavior problems and parental psychological distress in Chinese families of children with autism: The putative moderating role of parental social support and cultural values. Autism Res 2024; 17:1016-1026. [PMID: 38491340 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The wellbeing of parents of children with autism residing in mainland China remains understudied. We aimed to examine whether and how parental perceived social support, individualism, and collectivism acted together to moderate the relationships between child behavior problems and parental psychological distress in Chinese parents of children with autism. With convenience and snowball sampling, data on 268 primary caregiver parents of children with autism were collected from an online cross-sectional survey. Linear regression analysis indicated that child behavior problems were significantly associated with increased psychological distress in Chinese parents of children with autism. There was no evidence to support the stress-buffering model of social support in moderation analysis of the association between child behavior problems and parental psychological distress. Nonetheless, increased social support was associated with lower levels of parental psychological distress. Moderated moderation analyses did not support a role for individualism or collectivism as a moderator of the putative buffering role of social support. However, there was evidence that parental individualism was associated with increased parental psychological distress. Our findings highlight that child behavior problems are a robust correlate of parental psychological distress, and parental social support may act as a compensatory factor promoting less psychological distress rather than having a protective role. The role of social support and cultural values in the wellbeing of parents of children with autism in China requires additional exploration, including longitudinal research designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyuan Liu
- Centre for Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (CIDD), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Paul A Thompson
- Centre for Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (CIDD), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Kylie M Gray
- Centre for Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (CIDD), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard P Hastings
- Centre for Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (CIDD), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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18
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MacKenzie KT, Crown MJ, Northrup JB, Rutenberg E, Hartman AG, Mazefsky CA. Correlates of Impairment and Growth in Families of Young Autistic Children. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06339-w. [PMID: 38625489 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this project was to investigate potential correlates of family life impairment in families of young autistic children. This project incorporated measures of specific child and parent challenges in addition to a commonly used unidimensional measure of autism characteristics. In this way, we could assess whether such challenges explain variance in family life impairment, and whether their inclusion diminish associations between autism characteristics and family life impairment. Cross-sectional data were collected from 564 parents of autistic children aged 2 to 5 years who participated in a larger online study. Participants completed measures on child characteristics (autism characteristics, emotion dysregulation, speaking ability, flexibility, and sleep problems), parent depression, and family life impairment, using the Family Life Impairment Scale (FLIS). Multiple linear regression models were generated to examine whether any of the independent variables were associated with the four domains of the FLIS. Models controlled for child age and sex, parent education, and single-parent homes. All independent variables were associated with impairment in one or more FLIS domains. None of the primary independent variables were significantly associated with positive growth. More overt characteristics and behaviors (e.g., autism characteristics, reactivity, speaking ability, and flexibility) were associated with impairment in domains that reflected a family's ability to navigate the community. However, sleep challenges and parent and child emotional difficulties were most strongly associated with parent impairment. Findings suggests that families may have different needs across contexts and provide new avenues through which they might be better supported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario J Crown
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Amy G Hartman
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carla A Mazefsky
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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19
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Wynn J, Karlsen A, Huber B, Levine A, Salem A, White LC, Luby M, Bezborodko E, Xiao S, Chung WK, Klitzman RL, Appelbaum PS. Impact of a Genetic Diagnosis for a Child's Autism on Parental Perceptions. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06273-x. [PMID: 38578549 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06273-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Genetic testing is recommended as part of an autism assessment, and most parents support genetic testing for their minor children. However, the impact on parents of receiving a monogenetic/ copy number variant diagnosis for autism in their child is not well understood. To explore this, we surveyed and interviewed parents of children in the SPARK study, a study of autism that includes genetic testing. Surveys were administered one month before and one and 12 months after parents received their child's genetic result. Interviews were conducted approximately one month after results disclosure. A genetic diagnosis (GD) for their child appeared to reduce parents' sense of self-blame and feelings of guilt, and this impact was relatively stable. The data also indicate a modest impact on parents' actions related to the condition, perceptions of themselves, and some aspects of life planning for their child, as measured by quantitative instruments at one month and 12 months after receipt of results. Other measures of parental identity and expectations for their child, in contrast, showed little change following receipt of genetic findings. Overall, parents who were told that no GD was identified showed minimal changes in their responses over time. These results suggest a discernable but relatively limited impact of genetic test results on parents of children with autism. These results should be reassuring to clinicians caring for children with autism and are consistent with studies in other areas of medicine that have suggested that genetic results tend to have fewer effects-negative or positive-than were anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Anna Karlsen
- Columbia University Genetic Counseling Graduate Program, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Huber
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alina Levine
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanie Salem
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Ekaterina Bezborodko
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Simons Foundation, New York, NY, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert L Klitzman
- Department of Psychiatry and Masters of Bioethics Program, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Appelbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Stevenson B, Bolton T, Dare N. Focus Group With Parents of Children With Mental and Behavioral Health Concerns. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2024; 44:187-195. [PMID: 37737010 DOI: 10.1177/15394492231200904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scholars from multiple fields have shown that parents raising a child with mental and behavioral health concerns (MBHC) need additional support. We need parents to self-identify necessary supports as a basis for intervention planning. OBJECTIVES In this study, we examined what parents say they need from professionals to support their families. METHODOLOGY Occupational therapy faculty and students employed a strengths-based coaching approach to conduct a focus group with five parents. We conducted qualitative thematic analysis and used inductive coding to identify themes related to unmet self-identified needs of families. We refined themes through an iterative process and achieved 93% agreement after three rounds of coding. RESULTS Four themes emerged from the transcript analysis: External Control, Internal Competence, Relating to Others, and Role of Self-Care. CONCLUSION Professionals must consider the unique needs identified by parents who have children with MBHC when planning interventions within our education and health care systems.
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21
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Aguayo P, Lin AG, Stevens PT, Carbone PS, Bilder DA, Rapaport MH. A Patient-Centered Multidisciplinary Medical HOME for Persons With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. FOCUS (AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC PUBLISHING) 2024; 22:170-174. [PMID: 38680975 PMCID: PMC11046720 DOI: 10.1176/appi.focus.20230036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Innovative models of medical and psychiatric care are necessary to address the complex needs of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), including autism. This article describes a subspecialty medical home program that has provided accessible, comprehensive, coordinated, patient- and family-centered care for this high-needs, underserved patient population. For more than two decades, the University of Utah Huntsman Mental Health Institute Neurobehavior HOME Program (HOME) has provided primary and behavioral health care for individuals with IDD across their lifespan. Program highlights include integrated medical and behavioral health, a unique funding structure, innovative care delivery, and case management. HOME is a clinical setting as well as a Medicaid managed care plan that has blended medical and psychiatric funding streams. This unique funding structure has demonstrated the fiscal sustainability of focusing care on preventive and proactive management of health concerns and responding to crises using a coordinated and comprehensive approach. Rethinking health care delivery and adopting models that are both financially sustainable and provide quality care to this vulnerable population is greatly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Aguayo
- Department of Psychiatry (Aguayo, Lin, Stevens, Bilder, Rapaport), and Department of Pediatrics (Carbone, Bilder), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Anne G Lin
- Department of Psychiatry (Aguayo, Lin, Stevens, Bilder, Rapaport), and Department of Pediatrics (Carbone, Bilder), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Paul T Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry (Aguayo, Lin, Stevens, Bilder, Rapaport), and Department of Pediatrics (Carbone, Bilder), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Paul S Carbone
- Department of Psychiatry (Aguayo, Lin, Stevens, Bilder, Rapaport), and Department of Pediatrics (Carbone, Bilder), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Deborah A Bilder
- Department of Psychiatry (Aguayo, Lin, Stevens, Bilder, Rapaport), and Department of Pediatrics (Carbone, Bilder), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Mark H Rapaport
- Department of Psychiatry (Aguayo, Lin, Stevens, Bilder, Rapaport), and Department of Pediatrics (Carbone, Bilder), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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22
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Neece CL, Fenning RM, Morrell HER, Benjamin LR. Comparative effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction and psychoeducational support on parenting stress in families of autistic preschoolers. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:985-998. [PMID: 37555286 PMCID: PMC10853488 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231191558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Parents of autistic children often experience high levels of parenting stress, which can have negative mental and physical effects on both the parent and child. This study tested the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction in reducing parenting stress in parents of preschool-aged autistic children compared to a psychoeducation and support intervention. We assessed parenting stress before and after the interventions and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Both interventions significantly decreased parenting stress, but mindfulness-based stress reduction reduced stress more than did psychoeducation and support, with the strongest effect observed 1 year later. This suggests that the stress-reducing benefits of mindfulness-based stress reduction persist and may increase over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L. Neece
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University; 11130 Anderson Street, Suite 119, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Rachel M. Fenning
- Department of Psychological Science and The Claremont Autism Center, Claremont McKenna College; 850 Columbia Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711, United States
| | - Holly E. R. Morrell
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University; 11130 Anderson Street, Suite 119, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
| | - Laurel R. Benjamin
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University; 11130 Anderson Street, Suite 119, Loma Linda, CA 92354, United States
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23
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Du X, Dong Q, Sun L, Chen X, Jiang J. The Effect of Social Support on the Mental Health Literacy of Parents Who Have Children with Special Needs: A Moderated Mediating Effect. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1283-1294. [PMID: 38524289 PMCID: PMC10961086 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s454287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that parents play an important role in the family, particularly the mental health literacy of parents is essential for the growth and development of children. As the parents of children with special needs, they are facing more difficulties and psychological pressure, resulted in more mental health problems. Purpose The current study examined the effect of social support on mental health literacy, and its underlying mechanisms regarding the mediating role of coping styles and moderating role of social comparison. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, 165 parents of children with special needs (22-67 years old, M=37.72, SD=8.78) participated in the study. The general information questionnaire, Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS), Social Support Rating Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Social Comparison Orientation Scale were used. Results We found that objective support positively predicted the mental health literacy, positive coping style played a mediating role between objective support and mental health literacy. In addition, the relationship between objective support and positive coping styles was moderated by social comparisons; for lower levels of opinion social comparison, the effect of objective support on positive coping styles was significantly stronger. Conclusion We revealed the underlying mechanisms between social support and mental health literacy. The present study has profound implications for mental health literacy services for parents who have children with special needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Du
- College of Educational Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Dong
- College of Educational Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Sun
- College of Educational Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- College of Educational Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Basic Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Hu Y, Sun X, Yao C, Luo S, Liu B, Xue M, Lyu H. Object-centered family interactions for young autistic children: a diary study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5460. [PMID: 38443572 PMCID: PMC10915142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Autistic Children often struggle with social interaction and communication, studies have found that many of them prefer to interact with objects than people. However, there is a lack of research exploring the specific characteristics and factors involved in interactions within families with autistic children where objects are the center of the interaction. This paper describes the process and findings of a diary study exploring how young autistic children interact with their families through objects in natural scenarios. A one-week diary study was conducted with six families with young autistic children. Diary videos were recorded onsite and coded later according to a social interaction behavior scheme with corresponding diary entries. Qualitative data analysis was conducted to reveal possible patterns. Results revealed ongoing difficulties in establishing and maintaining family interaction and identified influential factors of object-centered family interaction. The most prevalent pattern observed was parents taking the lead in interactions, followed by the child's confirmation response. Remarkably, daily necessities emerged as potential physical mediums for enhancing family interactions, opening avenues for exploring tangible designs in human-computer interaction. These findings offer valuable implications for future research and the development of innovative designs that promote enriching interactions for autistic children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Hu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China.
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, Ningbo, 315101, China.
| | - Cheng Yao
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Shijian Luo
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bingjian Liu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, Ningbo, 315101, China
| | - Mengru Xue
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Hui Lyu
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
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Boulton KA, Hodge A, Levu K, Ong N, Silove N, Guastella AJ. Access and barriers to supports for children and caregivers attending public child developmental assessment services: Findings from the Sydney child neurodevelopment research registry. Autism Res 2024; 17:555-567. [PMID: 38009266 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Families can spend years waiting for a developmental assessment. We sought to understand supports caregivers had accessed by the time of their child's first multi-disciplinary developmental assessment, the supports caregivers wanted, and the barriers caregivers reported to accessing these supports. We also sought to understand how government funding schemes (the National Disability Insurance Scheme) and sociodemographic factors influenced access to supports. Caregivers were emailed questionnaires on sociodemographic background and intervention history prior to their child's developmental assessment at a tertiary diagnostic and assessment service. Results from 202 caregivers showed most children were receiving less than 2 hours of support each week at assessment. The most common accessed supports were from general practitioners and pediatricians. Caregivers reported behavioral therapists (41%) and psychologists (29%) as the most desired but inaccessible child supports. Half of caregivers nominated a need for parenting interventions. The most frequent barriers to accessing child supports were wait lists, finance, and knowledge. Government funding improved access to the total number of services received (from 2.7 to 5.2 different services), but for disability specific services only (e.g., speech and occupational therapy). Results highlighted disparities for families without government funding, impacting certain groups (e.g., children over 7 years) and services (e.g., mental health). Socioeconomic disadvantage, parental separation, and, surprisingly, being from a non-culturally/linguistically diverse background were associated with fewer services and more barriers. Results highlight the need to facilitate access to supports for families to align with existing recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie A Boulton
- Clinic for Autism and Neurodevelopment (CAN) research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Child Neurodevelopment and Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Antoinette Hodge
- Child Neurodevelopment and Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Child Development Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Kelera Levu
- Clinic for Autism and Neurodevelopment (CAN) research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Natalie Ong
- Child Development Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Natalie Silove
- Child Neurodevelopment and Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Child Development Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Adam J Guastella
- Clinic for Autism and Neurodevelopment (CAN) research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Child Neurodevelopment and Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Presto P, Sehar U, Kopel J, Reddy PH. Mechanisms of pain in aging and age-related conditions: Focus on caregivers. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102249. [PMID: 38417712 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Pain is a complex, subjective experience that can significantly impact quality of life, particularly in aging individuals, by adversely affecting physical and emotional well-being. Whereas acute pain usually serves a protective function, chronic pain is a persistent pathological condition that contributes to functional deficits, cognitive decline, and emotional disturbances in the elderly. Despite substantial progress that has been made in characterizing age-related changes in pain, complete mechanistic details of pain processing mechanisms in the aging patient remain unknown. Pain is particularly under-recognized and under-managed in the elderly, especially among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Alzheimer's disease-related dementias (ADRD), and other age-related conditions. Furthermore, difficulties in assessing pain in patients with AD/ADRD and other age-related conditions may contribute to the familial caregiver burden. The purpose of this article is to discuss the mechanisms and risk factors for chronic pain development and persistence, with a particular focus on age-related changes. Our article also highlights the importance of caregivers working with aging chronic pain patients, and emphasizes the urgent need for increased legislative awareness and improved pain management in these populations to substantially alleviate caregiver burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton Presto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ujala Sehar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Jonathan Kopel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, School of Population and Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Desquenne Godfrey G, Downes N, Cappe E. A Systematic Review of Family Functioning in Families of Children on the Autism Spectrum. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1036-1057. [PMID: 36626001 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to review the literature on family functioning in the field of autism. The search was conducted in August 2021 in PubMed, PsycINFO, and PubPsy and sixty-two articles were included. Studies were published in English between 1980 and 2021 and provided quantitative data from validated measures of family functioning in families with an official diagnosis of autism. Results showed that family functioning appeared more problematic for families of autistic children than non-autistic ones. Difficulties were correlated with more caregiver demand and less resources. Interventional results varied. The findings highlight the importance of considering family functioning when providing care for autistic children and their families. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.Prospero registration number: CRD42022297696.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Desquenne Godfrey
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, F-92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Naomi Downes
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, F-92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Emilie Cappe
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, F-92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
- Institut universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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Musetti A, Zagaria A, Pezzi M, Fante C, Dioni B, Raffin C, Manari T, Lenzo V, De Luca Picione R. Parental quality of life, child adjustment and adult attachment in parents of children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2024; 146:104684. [PMID: 38281373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may experience a lower quality of life (QoL) than parents of offspring with typical development. However, factors associated with parental QoL are not yet fully understood. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the relationships between parental QoL, child adjustment and adult attachment among parents of children and adolescents with ASD. METHODS AND PROCEDURES One hundred and eighty-eight parents of children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD completed a group of self-report questionnaires on sociodemographic variables, QoL (i.e., overall QoL and ASD symptoms-related parental QoL), child adjustment (i.e., offspring's total problems and prosocial behaviors) and adult attachment. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Structural equation modeling revealed that the overall parental QoL was negatively related to children's total problems and positively associated with prosocial behaviors, as well as with higher levels of secure attachment and lower levels of fearful attachment styles. Additionally, ASD symptoms-related parental QoL was negatively associated with the offspring's total problems. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This suggests that child characteristics may interact with parental characteristics to either enhance or compromise the QoL of parents of children and adolescents with ASD. Implications of these findings for promoting parental QoL are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Musetti
- University of Parma Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Zagaria
- Sapienza University of Rome Department of Psychology, Roma, Italy
| | - Mattia Pezzi
- University of Parma Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Fante
- Institute for Educational Technologies, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Dioni
- University of Parma Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, Parma, Italy; Fondazione Bambini e Autismo Onlus, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Cinzia Raffin
- Fondazione Bambini e Autismo Onlus, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Tommaso Manari
- University of Parma Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, Parma, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lenzo
- University of Catania Department Educational Sciences, Catania, Italy
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Wu R, Leow K, Yu N, Rafter C, Rosenbaum K, F de C Hamilton A, White SJ. Evaluative contexts facilitate implicit mentalizing: relation to the broader autism phenotype and mental health. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4697. [PMID: 38409351 PMCID: PMC10897468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
One promising account for autism is implicit mentalizing difficulties. However, this account and even the existence of implicit mentalizing have been challenged because the replication results are mixed. Those unsuccessful replications may be due to the task contexts not being sufficiently evaluative. Therefore, the current study developed a more evaluative paradigm by implementing a prompt question. This was assessed in 60 non-autistic adults and compared with a non-prompt version. Additionally, parents of autistic children are thought to show a genetic liability to autistic traits and cognition and often report mental health problems, but the broader autism phenotype (BAP) is an under-researched area. Thus, we also aimed to compare 33 BAP and 26 non-BAP mothers on mentalizing abilities, autistic traits, compensation and mental health. Our results revealed that more evaluative contexts can facilitate implicit mentalizing in BAP and non-BAP populations, and thus improve task reliability and replicability. Surprisingly, BAP mothers showed better implicit mentalizing but worse mental health than non-BAP mothers, which indicates the heterogeneity in the broader autism phenotype and the need to promote BAP mothers' psychological resilience. The findings underscore the importance of contexts for implicit mentalizing and the need to profile mentalizing and mental health in BAP parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Wu
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.
| | - Karen Leow
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Yu
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ciara Rafter
- Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs, Manchester, UK
| | - Katia Rosenbaum
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | - Antonia F de C Hamilton
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK
| | - Sarah J White
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, Alexandra House, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.
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Bordini D, Moya AC, Asevedo GRDC, Paula CS, Brunoni D, Brentani H, Caetano SC, Mari JDJ, Bagaiolo L. Exploring the Acquisition of Social Communication Skills in Children with Autism: Preliminary Findings from Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Parent Training, and Video Modeling. Brain Sci 2024; 14:172. [PMID: 38391746 PMCID: PMC10886593 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Social communication skills, especially eye contact and joint attention, are frequently impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and predict functional outcomes. Applied behavior analysis is one of the most common evidence-based treatments for ASD, but it is not accessible to most families in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as it is an expensive and intensive treatment and needs to be delivered by highly specialized professionals. Parental training has emerged as an effective alternative. This is an exploratory study to assess a parental intervention group via video modeling to acquire eye contact and joint attention. Four graded measures of eye contact and joint attention (full physical prompt, partial physical prompt, gestural prompt, and independent) were assessed in 34 children with ASD and intellectual disability (ID). There was a progressive reduction in the level of prompting required over time to acquire eye contact and joint attention, as well as a positive correlation between the time of exposure to the intervention and the acquisition of abilities. This kind of parent training using video modeling to teach eye contact and joint attention skills to children with ASD and ID is a low-cost intervention that can be applied in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bordini
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04017-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Moya
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04017-030, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cristiane Silvestre Paula
- Human Development Sciences Program, Mackenzie Presbyterian University (UPM), Sao Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Décio Brunoni
- Human Development Sciences Program, Mackenzie Presbyterian University (UPM), Sao Paulo 01302-907, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Brentani
- Psychiatry Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 01246-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Sheila Cavalcante Caetano
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04017-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Jair de Jesus Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04017-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Leila Bagaiolo
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo 04017-030, SP, Brazil
- Gradual-Behavioral Intervention Group, Sao Paulo 05458-000, SP, Brazil
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Li W, Song C, Hu L, Wu L, Zhu Z. Influence of parental education on the intelligence quotient profiles and socially adaptive behavior of school-age children with autism spectrum disorder in eastern China. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38423538 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Intelligence quotient (IQ) and adaptive behavior are the influencing factors of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children entering mainstream schools. This study explored the association between parental education level, IQ, and adaptive behavior in ASD groups. A total of 257 school-age ASD children were enrolled in our study from January 2017 to June 2021. Their parents completed a standard demographic form, including age at autism diagnosis, gender, school placement, and parents' educational background. The Chinese version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) was completed by a certified assessor for each enrolled child. Parents were interviewed on adaptive behavior using the Chinese version of the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Second Edition (ABAS-II). The average IQ of school-age ASD children was 76.88 (standard deviation (SD)=22.62) and boys had higher IQ levels than girls. The IQ was positively correlated with age. The General Adaptive Composite (GAC) score was 82.47 (SD=15.86) and adaptive behavior did not increase with age. ASD children who attended mainstream schools had better adaptive behavior profiles than other children. The mother's education level showed a significant correlation with the IQ and adaptive behavior of autistic children, while the father's education level did not. Consequently, better training and support for parents may help autistic children enter mainstream schools, with adaptive training being the most urgently required skill for parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lifei Hu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Duncan AL, Keene H, Shepley C. Do Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions improve family quality of life? A systematic review and meta-analysis. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024:13623613241227516. [PMID: 38318790 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241227516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions have been described as culturally responsive and family-friendly interventions, with research demonstrating improvements in children's development following the receipt of these interventions. Given the child-directed nature of Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions and the intervention's integration within families' daily routines, many studies have examined the impact of Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions on family and family member quality of life. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the relationship between Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions and family quality of life. Results suggest that the provision of a Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention neither improved nor worsened family or family member quality of life. For those involved in delivering Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention services, there is an immediate need to convey to families that children's improvements will likely not translate into improvements in family quality of life.
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Li B, Heyne D, Scheeren A, Blijd-Hoogewys E, Rieffe C. School participation of autistic youths: The influence of youth, family and school factors. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024:13623613231225490. [PMID: 38311864 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231225490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT School-aged youths have a basic human right to participate in educational and recreational activities at school. Yet, autistic youths are at high risk of being excluded from school and from school-based activities. It is important to understand how this occurs, to ensure that all autistic youths have opportunities to participate in school activities that are equal to the opportunities of their non-autistic peers. The present study investigated multiple influences on the school participation of autistic youths, including youth factors (age and autistic traits), family factors (parent education level and parental self-efficacy for supporting their child's schoolwork) and school factors (the impact of problems autistic youths experienced with the physical and social environments of school). Using an online survey, we gathered the views and experiences of the parents of 200 autistic youths aged between 4 and 16 years, in the Netherlands. We found that among the factors, only the impact of problems that autistic youths experienced with the physical environment of school was associated with their school participation. In particular, autistic youths who experienced greater difficulties with the physical environment of school had lower levels of school participation. Our findings highlight the pressing need to modify school environments to better accommodate the needs of autistic youths so that they can participate easily and comfortably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Li
- Leiden University, The Netherlands
- Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Carolien Rieffe
- Leiden University, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, The Netherlands
- University College London, UK
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May T, Williams K. Mother and child mental health over time in children with Autism and/or ADHD in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:170-180. [PMID: 36345845 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study utilised a longitudinal population-based study to explore mother and child mental health trajectories over time from child age 0 to 14 years, between children with ASD, ADHD, or ASD + ADHD. It explored whether a bidirectional relationship between mother psychological distress and child emotional and behavioural problems (EBPs) existed. The birth cohort from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children was used. Child EBPs were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; and mother emotional distress using the Kessler K6. Generalised estimating equations and structured equation modelling was used to understand changes over time, differences between groups and bidirectional relationships. As expected, children with ASD, ADHD or ASD + ADHD had higher EBPs than children without, and their mothers had higher levels of psychological distress across most time points, but with differing trajectories. Mothers of children with ASD (with or without ADHD) showed increasing psychological distress over time, while mothers of children with ADHD had reducing distress. The bidirectional relationship between mother and child mental health found in children without diagnoses was only partially present in children with ASD/ADHD. Findings highlight support needs and discuss implications for transactional models of parent/child emotional problems in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara May
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina Williams
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Developmental Paediatrics, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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35
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Al Awaji NN, Al-Taleb SM, Albagawi TO, Alshammari MT, Sharar FA, Mortada EM. Evaluating Parents' Concerns, Needs, and Levels of Satisfaction with the Services Provided for ASD Children in Saudi Arabia. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:123-146. [PMID: 38222477 PMCID: PMC10785689 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s447151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Supporting children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their parents is vital in improving their children's abilities and their parents' ability to care for them. Thus, parents' perceptions of and levels of satisfaction with the services provided for their children must be assessed. Aim This study aimed to understand parents' perceptions of and satisfaction with the speech-language services (SLS) provided for ASD children in different health facilities in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study included 109 parents of ASD children. The survey included five sections dealing with (1) general information about the child; (2) assessment of the child's ASD characteristics (including their age when diagnosed, when they first noticed symptoms, and their speech, language, and communication abilities); (3) the reasons for enrollment in SLS sessions; (4) questions about SLS; and (5) parents' perceptions of SLS, satisfaction with the service, descriptions of their children's progress, and the respect and support they received. Results Parents' satisfaction levels were significantly higher when they had easy access to SLS, sufficient information and support, proper training in applying therapy exercises at home, and perceived respect and support from speech and language pathologists (SLPs). The reasons for discontinuing SLS included high session costs, the need for initial behavioral sessions, the lack of qualified SLPs, the end of the sessions, the lack of improvement, the nonavailability of specialized centers, and parents' dependence on home training only. They also sought opportunities for work and education, continuous and intensive SLS sessions, reduced costs, centers for adults with ASD, and accessible schools. Parents' main concerns were their children's poor speech and language skills, independence, and social acceptance. Conclusion and Implications The study highlighted the importance of understanding parents' experiences with SLS, identifying the factors that enhance SLS use by ASD children, and improving parents' satisfaction with such services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Naser Al Awaji
- Department of Health Communication Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaih Mohammed Al-Taleb
- Department of Health Communication Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teef Olayan Albagawi
- Department of Health Communication Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Taleb Alshammari
- Department of Health Communication Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fay Abdullah Sharar
- Department of Health Communication Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M Mortada
- Health Sciences department, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
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Zerihun T, Kinfe M, Koly KN, Abdurahman R, Girma F, Hanlon C, de Vries PJ, Hoekstra RA. Non-specialist delivery of the WHO Caregiver Skills Training Programme for children with developmental disabilities: Stakeholder perspectives about acceptability and feasibility in rural Ethiopia. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:95-106. [PMID: 37194191 PMCID: PMC10771020 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231162155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Children with developmental disabilities including autism who live in low- and middle-income countries have very limited access to care and intervention. The World Health Organization initiated the caregiver skills training programme to support families with children with developmental disabilities. In Ethiopia, contextual factors such as poverty, low literacy and stigma may affect the success of the programme. In this study, we aimed to find out if the caregiver skills training programme is feasible to deliver in rural Ethiopia and acceptable to caregivers and programme facilitators. We trained non-specialist providers to facilitate the programme. Caregivers and non-specialist facilitators were asked about their experiences in interviews and group discussions. Caregivers found the programme relevant to their lives and reported benefits of participation. Facilitators highlighted the skills they had acquired but also emphasised the importance of support from supervisors during the programme. They described that some caregiver skills training programme topics were difficult to teach caregivers. In particular, the idea of play between caregiver and child was unfamiliar to many caregivers. Lack of available toys made it difficult to practise some of the caregiver skills training programme exercises. Participants indicated that the home visits and group training programme components of the caregiver skills training were acceptable and feasible, but there were some practical barriers, such as transportation issues and lack of time for homework practice. These findings may have importance to non-specialist delivery of the caregiver skills training programme in other low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigist Zerihun
- University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Ethiopia
| | | | - Kamrun Nahar Koly
- King's College London, UK
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
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Montiel-Nava C, Montenegro MC, Ramirez AC, Valdez D, Rosoli A, Garcia R, Garrido G, Cukier S, Rattazzi A, Paula CS. Age of autism diagnosis in Latin American and Caribbean countries. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:58-72. [PMID: 36602228 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221147345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT An earlier diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder might lead to earlier intervention. However, people living in Latin American and Caribbean countries do not have much knowledge about autism spectrum disorder symptoms. It has been suggested that the older a child is when diagnosed, the fewer opportunities he or she will have to receive services. We asked 2520 caregivers of autistic children in six different Latin America and Caribbean Countries, the child's age when they noticed some developmental delays and their child's age when they received their first autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. Results indicate that, on average, caregivers were concerned about their child's development by 22 months of age; however, the diagnosis was received when the child was 46 months of age. In addition, older children with better language abilities and public health coverage (opposed to private health coverage) were diagnosed later. On the contrary, children with other medical problems and more severe behaviors received an earlier diagnosis. In our study, children were diagnosed around the time they entered formal schooling, delaying the access to early intervention programs. In summary, the characteristics of the autistic person and the type of health coverage influence the age of diagnosis in children living in Latin America and Caribbean Countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Valdez
- FLACSO, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analia Rosoli
- Organización Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (OEI), Dominican Republic
| | | | | | - Sebastian Cukier
- Programa Argentino para Niños, Adolescentes y Adultos con Condiciones del Espectro Autista (PANAACEA), Argentina
| | - Alexia Rattazzi
- Programa Argentino para Niños, Adolescentes y Adultos con Condiciones del Espectro Autista (PANAACEA), Argentina
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Rakap S, Vural-Batik M. Mitigating the impact of family burden on psychological health in parents of children with special needs: Buffering effects of resilience and social support. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13179. [PMID: 37994589 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study examined the link between perceived family burden among parents of children with moderate and severe disabilities and their psychological health, and the potential moderating roles of resilience and social support. METHODS 256 parents completed an online questionnaire including Demographic Information Form, Family Burden Assessment Scale, General Health Questionnaire, Brief Resilience Scale, and Revised Parental Social Support Scale. RESULTS Results revealed negative associations between resilience, social support, and depression-anxiety symptoms. Both resilience and social support played moderating roles in the association between family burden and psychological health. Social support buffered the negative association between family burden and psychological health, alongside psychological resilience. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The study highlights the negative effects of family burden on the psychological health of parents of children with disabilities, but also suggests that resilience and social support can mitigate these effects. Therefore, interventions should consider these factors to enhance the psychological well-being of parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Rakap
- Department of Specialized Education Services, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Special Education, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Meryem Vural-Batik
- Department of Special Education, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Chung KM, Chung E, Lee H. Behavioral Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Brief Review and Guidelines With a Specific Focus on Applied Behavior Analysis. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2024; 35:29-38. [PMID: 38204739 PMCID: PMC10774556 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.230019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive review of behavioral and educational interventions for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The most prominent type of intervention, Comprehensive Early Intervention, often referred to as Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI), has been found to be particularly effective in improving intelligence and adaptive behaviors. The naturalistic developmental behavioral intervention, designed to enhance social and communication abilities, showed effectiveness in improving language, cognitive function, and social initiation. However, more studies are needed to examine its effectiveness. Intensive individualized intervention, which provides a tailored intervention for a specific target behavior, was effective in improving social skills and communication, as well as reducing sleep, eating, and toileting problems. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most effective method for dealing with emotional difficulties, but it has not been widely used because of the shortage of trained experts. Parent-mediated intervention (PMI) involves parents acquiring knowledge and specific skills to improve their child's functioning or reduce challenging behaviors. Speech and language therapy, sensory integration, Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communications Handicapped Children, developmental approaches, and social stories are frequently used interventions. However, evidence of their effectiveness has yet to be well established. Based on these findings, intervention recommendations for autism include EIBI, Early Start Denver Model, intensive individualized intervention, CBT, and PMI. The choice of intervention should be tailored to the individual's needs and delivered by qualified professionals with expertise in the specific intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Mee Chung
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunsun Chung
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoomyung Lee
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Lindström T, Bergman TH, Annerstedt M, Forster M, Bölte S, Hirvikoski T. Psychometric Properties of the Parental Stress Scale in Swedish Parents of Children with and without Neurodevelopmental Conditions. Scand J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Psychol 2024; 12:10-22. [PMID: 38645569 PMCID: PMC11027036 DOI: 10.2478/sjcapp-2024-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Parents of children with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDC) are at risk of experiencing elevated levels of parental stress. Access to robust instruments to assess parental stress is important in both clinical and research contexts. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the Parental Stress Scale (PSS), completed by parents of 3- to 17-year-old children, with and without NDCs. Method Main analyses were conducted on data from three independent samples: a community sample (n=1018), a treatment-seeking sample of parents of children with various disabilities (n=653), and a sample of parents of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) who themselves reported varying ADHD symptom severities (n=562). Additional analyses were enabled by the use of data from a complementary test-retest sample (n=337). Results The internal consistency of the PSS was good (Cronbach's alpha, α=.87) and its test-retest reliability moderate (ICC=.66). The scale correlated in the expected direction with related constructs (r=.50-.56 in the community sample). An exploratory factor analysis found its internal structure to reflect two aspects of parental stress: Lack of Parental Rewards and Role Satisfaction (factor 1, α=.90) and Parental Stressors and Distress (factor 2, α=.85). The treatment-seeking parents of children with disabilities reported higher parental stress than community reference parents (p<.001; Cohen's d=1.17). Moreover, we found that parents with high ADHD symptom severity reported higher parental stress than parents with low ADHD symptom severity (p<.001; d=0.39). Conclusion In summary, we found evidence in support of the reliability and validity of the PSS, which overall was judged to be useful as a measure of parental stress in a Swedish context. In addition, our results underline the importance of considering parental stress and related needs in assessments and intervention planning involving families of children with NDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Lindström
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiina Holmberg Bergman
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathilde Annerstedt
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Forster
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tatja Hirvikoski
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zeng S, Sardar A, Beckstein A, Mohamed NH, Shen R, Xiu Y. Developing a new questionnaire of positive contributions to Chinese families by children with autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM & DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS 2024; 9:23969415231221520. [PMID: 38187822 PMCID: PMC10768583 DOI: 10.1177/23969415231221520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims A literature review of both Eastern and Western literature regarding families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) revealed limited empirical research that examines ASD in China. Furthermore, most research in this area comes from a deficit model and there is a lack of research that comes from a strengths background. No previous study in China has looked at the positive contributions of children with ASD to their families. The present study came from a strengths-based perspective and aimed to develop a new questionnaire to evaluate the positive contributions made to families by children who have ASD in China and are raised by their respective families. It considered the severity level of the children's disorder and the impact this had on the parents. Besides examining the children's impairment levels, the study also examined positive contributions and their relationship with socio-demographic elements such as family income and employment status of the parents, which also seem to be related to the positive contributions experienced by the parents. Methods First, based on the literature review, an initial qualitative interview protocol was developed and administered to 10 parents of children with ASD. Then, based on the analyses of the interviews, a quantitative questionnaire was developed to assess the positive contributions of children with ASD to their families. The questionnaire was then administered to 156 parents of children with ASD. The internal structure of the questionnaire was analyzed by factor analysis. The questionnaire's reliability and validity were also examined. The data were then analyzed with multiple correlation comparisons and an independent sample T-test. Results Six factors emerged for families of children with ASD. The results showed that the cumulative explanatory variance of the six dimensions of the questionnaire was 65.42%. The Cronbach's coefficient of each dimension was between 0.7 and 0.9, and the combined Cronbach's coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.945. This study found that the overall average positive contribution to families by children with ASD was 3.32, which is at a medium level, and all six dimensions were at a medium-to-high level. This study also found that the family's monthly income contributed to the overall positive contribution, intimacy and happiness, and gaining more special knowledge through experience dimensions. Furthermore, it was found that moderate severity of ASD, high income, and parental employment were all associated with more positive contributions. Conclusion This new questionnaire appears to have good reliability and validity and seems suitable for assessing the positive contributions to families by children with ASD in China. Implications The present study may be helpful for the parents of children with ASD and will likely help them focus on the strengths of their children rather than their shortcomings. The study might also benefit counselors and researchers who would be able to use the new questionnaire to evaluate the positive contributions made to families by children who have ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Zeng
- College of Education Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Afsheen Sardar
- College of Education Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Amoneeta Beckstein
- College of Education Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Renhong Shen
- College of Education Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhui Xiu
- College of Education Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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Papadopoulos D. Impact of Child and Family Factors on Caregivers' Mental Health and Psychological Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:7. [PMID: 38275428 PMCID: PMC10814712 DOI: 10.3390/children11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Although primary caregivers of children with developmental disabilities (DDs) experience higher levels of distress than primary caregivers of typically developing children do, this problem has received limited attention in Greece. Therefore, this study examined mental health and associated factors among primary caregivers of children with and without DDs in Greece during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study included 156 participants. Primary caregivers completed a self-report survey on sociodemographic characteristics, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items, and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Primary caregivers of children with DDs, particularly mothers, reported more mental health problems and higher levels of psychological distress than the control group. Among families parenting a child with disabilities, caregivers' psychological distress was significantly related to having a child with autism spectrum disorder and the severity of the child's behavioral difficulties. Significant predictors of caregivers' distress were the parent being female, the child being male, a single-parent family, a lower income, and higher depressive symptoms. Caregivers raising children with DDs face unique challenges in terms of care, necessitating the development of family-based interventions to improve the social-emotional well-being and overall quality of life for both parents and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Department of Early Years Learning and Care, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Rahim F, Toguzbaeva K, Qasim NH, Dzhusupov KO, Zhumagaliuly A, Khozhamkul R. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for patients with autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis and umbrella review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1294089. [PMID: 38148790 PMCID: PMC10750421 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1294089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The potential impact of gut health on general physical and mental well-being, particularly in relation to brain function, has led to a growing interest in the potential health advantages of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics for the management of ASD. A comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness and protection of many drugs targeted at manipulating the microbiota in the treatment of ASD. Methods The present study employed a comprehensive examination of various electronic databases yielded a total of 3,393 records that were deemed possibly pertinent to the study. RCTs encompassed a total of 720 individuals between the ages of 2 and 17, as well as 112 adults and participants ranging from 5 to 55 years old, all of whom had received a diagnosis of ASD. Results Overall, 10 studies reported Autism-Related Behavioral Symptoms (ARBS). Regarding the enhancement of autism-related behavioral symptoms, there wasn't a statistically significant difference between the intervention groups (combined standardized mean difference = -0.07, 95% confidence interval: -0.39 to 0.24, Z = 0.46, p = 0.65). We observed that in the patients with ASD treated with probiotic frontopolar's power decreased significantly from baseline to endpoints in beta band (Baseline: 13.09 ± 3.46, vs. endpoint: 10.75 ± 2.42, p = 0.043, respectively) and gamma band (Baseline: 5.80 ± 2.42, vs. endpoint: 4.63 ± 1.39, p = 0.033, respectively). Among all tested biochemical measures, a significant negative correlation was found between frontopolar coherence in the gamma band and TNF-α (r = -0.30, p = 0.04). Conclusion The existing body of research provides a comprehensive analysis of the developing evidence that indicates the potential of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics as therapeutic therapies for ASD. Our findings revealed that those there was no significant effect of such therapy on autism-related behavioral symptoms, it has significant effect on the brain connectivity through frontopolar power in beta and gamma bands mediated by chemicals and cytokines, such as TNF-α. The psychobiotics showed no serious side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakher Rahim
- College of Health Sciences, Cihan University Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Karlygash Toguzbaeva
- School of Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nameer Hashim Qasim
- Cihan University Sulaimaniya Research Center (CUSRC), Cihan University – Sulaimaniya, Kurdistan Region, Suleymania, Iraq
| | - Kenesh O. Dzhusupov
- Head of Public Health Department, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Abzal Zhumagaliuly
- School of Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Rabiga Khozhamkul
- Department of Biostatistics and Basics of Research, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Antezana L, Albright J, Scarpa A, Richey JA, Laugeson EA, Factor RS. PEERS® for Preschoolers preliminary outcomes and predictors of treatment response. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4671-4684. [PMID: 36103076 PMCID: PMC10011023 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PEERS® for Preschoolers (P4P) is a social skills group program for young autistic children and their caregivers, which provides everyday tools for interacting and communicating with others. Twenty-two caregiver-child dyads participated and completed pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up measures (4-16 weeks after). Using single-subject analyses to examine social skills, 60% demonstrated post-treatment improvement, and 53.85% demonstrated follow-up improvement. Regarding a secondary outcome of behavioral difficulties, 33.33% demonstrated post-treatment reduction, and 7.69% demonstrated follow-up reduction. Using regressions, autistic traits predicted outcomes; fewer social communication difficulties predicted both greater social skills and fewer behavioral difficulties at post-treatment, while fewer repetitive behaviors predicted fewer post-treatment and follow-up behavioral difficulties. These results preliminarily demonstrate the benefits of P4P and how autistic traits may impact P4P outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Antezana
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, 109 Williams Hall, 890 Drillfield Drive, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Virginia Tech Autism Clinic & Center for Autism Research, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Jordan Albright
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, 109 Williams Hall, 890 Drillfield Drive, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Autism Clinic & Center for Autism Research, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Penn Center for Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angela Scarpa
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, 109 Williams Hall, 890 Drillfield Drive, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Autism Clinic & Center for Autism Research, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - John A Richey
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, 109 Williams Hall, 890 Drillfield Drive, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Autism Clinic & Center for Autism Research, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Laugeson
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reina S Factor
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, 109 Williams Hall, 890 Drillfield Drive, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Virginia Tech Autism Clinic & Center for Autism Research, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Costa-Cordella S, Soto-Icaza P, Borgeaud K, Grasso-Cladera A, Malberg NT. Towards a comprehensive approach to mentalization-based treatment for children with autism: integrating attachment, neurosciences, and mentalizing. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1259432. [PMID: 38098626 PMCID: PMC10719951 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1259432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed based on socio-communicative difficulties, which are believed to result from deficits in mentalizing, mainly evidenced by alterations in recognizing and responding to the mental states of others. In recent years, efforts have been made to develop mentalization-based treatment (MBT) models for this population. These models focus on enhancing individuals' ability to understand and reflect on their own mental states, as well as those of others. However, MBT approaches for people with ASD are limited by their existing theoretical background, which lacks a strong foundation grounded in neuroscience-based evidence properly integrated with attachment, and mentalizing. These are crucial aspects for understanding psychological processes in autism, and as such, they play a pivotal role in shaping the development of tailored and effective therapeutic strategies for this specific population. In this paper we review evidence related to the neurobiological, interpersonal, and psychological dimensions of autism and their implications for mentalizing processes. We also review previous mentalization-based frameworks on the psychosis continuum to provide a comprehensive understanding of attachment, neurobiology, and mentalization domains in therapeutic approaches for autism. After presenting a synthesis of the literature, we offer a set of clinical strategies for the work with children with autism. Finally, we provide recommendations to advance the field towards more robust models that can serve as a basis for evidence-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanella Costa-Cordella
- Centro de Estudios en Psicología Clínica y Psicoterapia, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia y Neuropsicología Humana, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Depression and Personality Research (MIDAP), Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Soto-Icaza
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación (neuroCICS), Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Aitana Grasso-Cladera
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia y Neuropsicología Humana, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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Baker JK, Fenning RM, Preston AE, Chan N, McGregor HA, Neece CL. Parental Distress and Parenting Behavior in Families of Preschool Children with and Without ASD: Spillover and Buffering. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06163-8. [PMID: 37957427 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report increased distress relative to parents of children with neurotypical development. Parent well-being is generally considered a key determinant of parenting behavior, thus increased distress may spill over into less optimal parenting in families of children with ASD. However, evidence is mixed regarding the degree to which parenting is actually compromised in this population, suggesting the possibility of buffering, wherein the parenting of children with ASD may be robust against spillover from increased parental distress. The current study tested competing spillover and buffering models with regard to relations among child ASD status, parental distress, and parenting behavior. Parents of preschoolers with (n = 73) and without (n = 55) ASD completed self-report measures of parenting stress, depressive symptoms, and emotion dysregulation, as well as of positive and negative parenting behaviors. Families of preschoolers with ASD reported higher distress and negative parenting, and lower positive parenting than did their counterparts. Findings supported the spillover model for negative parenting such that increased parental distress accounted for status-group differences in negative parenting. In contrast, potential buffering was observed for positive parenting in that an inverse association between distress and parenting was observed for parents of children with neurotypical development only. Findings highlight the potential benefit of intervention to reduce parental distress in families of children with ASD, but also suggest some existing ability of these families to buffer certain parenting behaviors from deleterious effects of parent distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason K Baker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Studies and Center for Autism, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA.
| | - Rachel M Fenning
- Department of Psychological Science and Claremont Autism Center, Claremont Mckenna College, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Amanda E Preston
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Neilson Chan
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Hadley A McGregor
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cameron L Neece
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Stefanaki A, Gkogkos G, Varlokosta S, Gena A. Applying a Parent Training Program in a Naturalistic Behavior Analytic Context to Improve Attachment in Children with ASD. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4164-4184. [PMID: 36029399 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Infants develop attachment to their caregivers very early on. The quality of attachment is considered to be crucial for the emotional development of humans and animals alike. Despite its importance, very little is known about how attachment develops between children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their caregivers. The purpose of the present study was to assess the attachment patterns of two young children with ASD with their parents and to identify the means for promoting parent, child, and parent-child relational characteristics that may contribute to the development of secure attachment. The results replicated prior findings pertaining to attachment quality of children with ASD and demonstrated the effectiveness of a naturalistic, behavior-analytic intervention in improving the quality of their attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areti Stefanaki
- Department of Educational Studies of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ethnikis Antistaseos 34-38, Nea Filadelfeia, 14343, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Spyridoula Varlokosta
- Lab of Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics, Department of Philology, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Nikomedeias 8, Papagou, 15669, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Gena
- Department of Educational Studies, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Nikomedeias 66, Nea Smyrni, 17124, Athens, Greece
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van Niekerk K, Stancheva V, Smith C. Caregiver burden among caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder. S Afr J Psychiatr 2023; 29:2079. [PMID: 37928940 PMCID: PMC10623632 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v29i0.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with deficits in social communication and interaction, restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests and activities. Autism spectrum disorder is associated with multiple comorbidities. As a result, caregivers of children with ASD experience increased levels of burden and poor quality of life. However, there is a paucity of information on the burden. Aim The study aimed to describe the sociodemographic profiles and determine the extent of the burden experienced by caregivers of children and adolescents with ASD. Setting The Child, Adolescent and Family Unit (CAFU) outpatient services at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH). Methods A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was done. Two self-administered questionnaires were used: a sociodemographic questionnaire and the 12-item Zarit Burden Interview questionnaire. Results The questionnaires were completed by 77 caregivers, of which the majority were female (n = 56 or 72.3%), mothers to children with ASD (n = 49 or 64.3%) and identified as Christian (p < 0.001). Most had completed secondary school or had a tertiary education (p = 0.003) and were employed (p < 0.001). Among the caregivers, 41.6% experienced mild to moderate burden, 33.8% experienced high burden and only 24.9% reported no to mild burden. Conclusion Caregivers of children and adolescents with a diagnosis of ASD are mostly mothers and experience mild to moderate levels of caregiver burden, suggesting the need for improved screening and psychosocial support programmes. Contribution This study highlights the burden experienced by primary caregivers of children with ASD and is one of the few comprehensive studies on this issue within the context of South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli van Niekerk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Venera Stancheva
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cornelia Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Drüsedau LL, Götz A, Kleine Büning L, Conzelmann A, Renner TJ, Barth GM. Tübinger Training for Autism Spectrum Disorders (TüTASS): a structured group intervention on self-perception and social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1599-1613. [PMID: 36629941 PMCID: PMC10465396 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In autism spectrum disorders (ASD), social communication and stereotypical behaviour patterns affect all areas of life, and can result in a decrease of its quality. Previous research has shown promising results for the social skills of groups of children with ASD. Furthermore, a pilot study of the Tübingen Group Training for Autism Spectrum Disorders (TüTASS) has demonstrated that mindfulness-based elements achieve additional positive effects. To build on these findings, the TüTASS training was adapted and expanded. Indeed, the TüTASS currently includes 20 90-min appointments starting with the basic skills of emotions, body, and communication, which are then transferred to personal, family, peer, and school spheres. The appointments have a fixed, consistent structure and each includes a body awareness exercise. In this study, we evaluated the TÜTASS with 27 children with ASD. The results showed improvements in pre-post comparison in behaviours associated with autism, as well as in externalising and internalising behaviours as assessed by parent reports, participant self-reports, and independent raters in participating children. Furthermore, the perceived parent burden in relation to their children decreased, whereas the participants' self-rated quality of life increased. Overall, both the participants and their parents rated the TüTASS very positively in rating sheets and in free feedback. If replicated in larger controlled trials, TÜTASS training might be a useful treatment tool for groups of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Luisa Drüsedau
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Antonia Götz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lena Kleine Büning
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annette Conzelmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology (Clinical 15 Psychology II), PFH-Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias J Renner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gottfried M Barth
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen, Germany
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ten Hoopen LW, de Nijs PFA, Slappendel G, van der Ende J, Bastiaansen D, Greaves-Lord K, Hakkaart-van Roijen L, Hillegers MHJ. Associations between autism traits and family functioning over time in autistic and non-autistic children. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:2035-2047. [PMID: 36752154 PMCID: PMC10504804 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231151784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Little is known about family functioning over time when raising a child with autism traits, with or without a clinical autism diagnosis. Therefore, we asked caregivers-mostly parents-of a group of 168 children about the family functioning and the child's emotional and behavioral characteristics, as well as autistic traits, twice with about 1 year in between. For numerous reasons, the children were referred to youth mental health care centers, including child and adolescent psychiatric services. Care as usual was offered after the diagnostic assessment if a clinical diagnosis was the assessment outcome. Caregivers reported less problematic family functioning in children with fewer autism traits over time. The child's additional emotional or behavioral characteristics did not seem to influence this relation. Furthermore, we split the whole group into autistic children with a clinical autism diagnosis (58%) and non-autistic children with autism traits but without a clinical diagnosis (42%) to see whether we would find the same results in both groups. Surprisingly, the relation between family functioning and the level of a child's autism traits only held for the subgroup of non-autistic children with autism traits. Thus, raising children with autism traits without a clinical diagnosis may affect family functioning over time. We think that families might have difficulty understanding and adjusting to the autism traits of their children but are lacking the support that is exclusively offered to families of children with a clinical autism diagnosis. We must be cautious because we do not know whether there is a causal relation. Although further research is needed to explore and learn to understand this result, clinicians might consider offering support to families of children with subthreshold autism to prevent problems in family functioning. Because high autism trait levels in non-autistic children may be of a different origin than autism, for example, other neurodevelopmental or mental health problems, family training or support should be tailored to the child's underlying difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leontine W ten Hoopen
- Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, The Netherlands
- Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, The Netherlands
| | | | - Geerte Slappendel
- Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, The Netherlands
- Yulius Mental Health, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Kirstin Greaves-Lord
- Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, The Netherlands
- Yulius Mental Health, The Netherlands
- Lentis Mental Health, The Netherlands
| | | | - Manon HJ Hillegers
- Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital, The Netherlands
- Yulius Mental Health, The Netherlands
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