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Stoker T, DeVane G, Buckalew A, Bailey J, Ford J, Murr A. Evaluation of the diphenyl herbicide, oxyfluorfen, for effects on thyroid hormones in the juvenile rat. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 6:100146. [PMID: 38223505 PMCID: PMC10787258 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, oxyfluorfen, a pre- and post-emergent diphenyl ether herbicide, was identified in our laboratory as an inhibitor of iodide uptake by the sodium iodide symporter (NIS), the first key step in the synthesis of thyroid hormones (THs). This inhibition was observed in vitro, using both a human NIS engineered cell line (hNIS-HEK293T-EPA) and a rat thyroid follicular cell line (FRTL-5). Oxyfluorfen was found to be a potent inhibitor of NIS activity with an EC50 of approximately 2 µM in both cell lines with no observed cytotoxicity at any concentration tested up to 100 μM. The current research tested the hypothesis that oxyfluorfen alters circulating concentrations of THs. This hypothesis was first tested in a pilot study with both juvenile male and female rats exposed to oxyfluorfen for 4 days at 0, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day. Once we identified that this short-term 4-day oxyfluorfen exposure suppressed both total serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) at all doses, we tested seven lower concentrations of oxyfluorfen (0.8125 to 62.5 mg/kg day) in an 8-day exposure paradigm to more closely evaluate the dose-response. We found that oxyfluorfen suppressed serum T4 with a LOEL of 3.25 mg/kg/day and T3 with a LOEL 62.5 mg/kg/day. Analytical chemistry of the serum showed an accumulation over time following oral exposure to oxyfluorfen in both the 4- and 8-day groups. Analytical chemistry of the thyroid glands in the 8-day study revealed higher accumulation in the thyroid as compared to the serum (2 to 3- fold at 62.5 mg/kg). No changes in thyroid weight or serum TSH were observed following the 8-day exposure. This study is the first to demonstrate an effect of oxyfluorfen on serum thyroid hormones in the rat. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate the effects on thyroid homeostasis with extended exposures and the potential implications of the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.E. Stoker
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA, ORD, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, United States
| | - G.D. DeVane
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA, ORD, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute, Oakridge, TN, United States
| | - A.R. Buckalew
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA, ORD, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, United States
| | - J.R. Bailey
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA, ORD, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute, Oakridge, TN, United States
| | - J.L. Ford
- Advanced Analytical Chemistry Methods Branch, Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure Chemical Characterization & Exposure Division, CCTE, ORD, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, United States
| | - A.S. Murr
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA, ORD, U.S. EPA, RTP, NC, United States
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Haselman JT, Nichols JW, Mattingly KZ, Hornung MW, Degitz SJ. A biologically based computational model for the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in Xenopus laevis larvae. Math Biosci 2023:109021. [PMID: 37201649 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2023.109021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A biologically based computational model was developed to describe the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in developing Xenopus laevis larvae. The goal of this effort was to develop a tool that can be used to better understand mechanisms of thyroid hormone-mediated metamorphosis in X. laevis and predict organismal outcomes when those mechanisms are perturbed by chemical toxicants. In this report, we describe efforts to simulate the normal biology of control organisms. The structure of the model borrows from established models of HPT axis function in mammals. Additional features specific to X. laevis account for the effects of organism growth, growth of the thyroid gland, and developmental changes in regulation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) by circulating thyroid hormones (THs). Calibration was achieved by simulating observed changes in stored and circulating levels of THs during a critical developmental window (Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 54-57) that encompasses widely used in vivo chemical testing protocols. The resulting model predicts that multiple homeostatic processes, operating in concert, can act to preserve circulating levels of THs despite profound impairments in TH synthesis. Represented in the model are several biochemical processes for which there are high-throughput in vitro chemical screening assays. By linking the HPT axis model to a toxicokinetic model of chemical uptake and distribution, it may be possible to use this vitro effects information to predict chemical effects in X. laevis larvae resulting from defined chemical exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Haselman
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States of America.
| | - John W Nichols
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States of America
| | - Kali Z Mattingly
- SpecPro Professional Services (SPS), Contractor to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States of America
| | - Michael W Hornung
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States of America
| | - Sigmund J Degitz
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN, 55804, United States of America
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Yaglova NV, Obernikhin SS, Timokhina EP, Yaglov VV, Tsomartova DA, Nazimova SV, Tsomartova ES, Ivanova MY, Chereshneva EV, Lomanovskaya TA. Bilateral Shifts in Deuterium Supply Similarly Change Physiology of the Pituitary–Thyroid Axis, but Differentially Influence Na+/I− Symporter Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076803. [PMID: 37047776 PMCID: PMC10095216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Deuterium, a stable isotope of hydrogen, is abundant in organisms. It is known to produce various biological effects. However, its impact in thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion is poorly studied. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the dynamics of thyroid hormones and pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion during bilateral shifts in deuterium supply and assess a possible role of the Na+/I− symporter (NIS), the main iodide transporter, in altered thyroid function. The experiment was performed on adult male Wistar rats, which consumed deuterium-depleted ([D] = 10 ppm) and deuterium-enriched ([D] = 500,000 ppm) water for 21 days. The assessment of total thyroxine and triiodothyronine and their free fractions, as well as thyroid-stimulating hormone in blood serum, revealed the rapid response of the thyroid gland to shifts in the deuterium/protium balance. The present investigation shows that the bilateral changes in the deuterium body content similarly modulate thyroid hormone production and functional activity of the pituitary gland, but the responses of the thyroid and pituitary glands differ. The response of the thyroid cells was to increase the synthesis of the hormones and the pituitary thyrotropes, in order to reduce the production of the thyroid-stimulating hormone. The evaluation of NIS serum levels found a gradual increase in the rats that consumed deuterium-enriched water and no differences in the group exposed to deuterium depletion. NIS levels in both groups did not correlate with thyroid hormones and pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone production. The data obtained show that thyroid gland has a higher sensitivity to shifts in the deuterium body content than the hypothalamic–pituitary complex, which responded later but similarly in the case of deuteration or deuterium depletion. It indicates a different sensitivity of the endocrine glands to alterations in deuterium content. It suggests that thyroid hormone production rate may depend on deuterium blood/tissue and cytosol/organelle gradients, which possibly disturb the secretory process independently of the NIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya V. Yaglova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Obernikhin
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P. Timokhina
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin V. Yaglov
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dibakhan A. Tsomartova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Nazimova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elina S. Tsomartova
- Laboratory of Endocrine System Development, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Y. Ivanova
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V. Chereshneva
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana A. Lomanovskaya
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Federal State Funded Educational Institution, Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
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Stoker TE, Wang J, Murr AS, Bailey JR, Buckalew AR. High-Throughput Screening of ToxCast PFAS Chemical Library for Potential Inhibitors of the Human Sodium Iodide Symporter. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:380-389. [PMID: 36821091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been increased concern for environmental chemicals that can target various sites within the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis to potentially disrupt thyroid synthesis, transport, metabolism, and/or function. One well-known thyroid target in both humans and wildlife is the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) that regulates iodide uptake into the thyroid gland, the first step of thyroid hormone synthesis. Our laboratory previously developed and validated a radioactive iodide uptake (RAIU) high-throughput assay in a stably transduced human NIS cell line (hNIS-HEK293T-EPA) to identify chemicals with potential for NIS inhibition. So far, we have tested over 2000 chemicals (US EPA's ToxCast chemical libraries PI_v2, PII, and e1K) and discovered a subset of chemicals that significantly inhibit iodide uptake in the hNIS assay. Here, we utilized this screening assay to test a set of 149 unique per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (ToxCast PFAS library) for potential NIS inhibition. For this evaluation, the 149 blinded samples were screened in a tiered approach, first in an initial single-concentration (≤100 μM) RAIU assay and subsequent evaluation of the chemicals that produced ≥20% inhibition using multiconcentration (MC) response (0.001-100 μM) testing in parallel RAIU and cell viability assays. Of this set, 38 of the PFAS chemicals inhibited iodide uptake ≥20% in the MC testing with 25 displaying inhibition ≥50%. To prioritize the most potent PFAS NIS inhibitors in this set, chemicals were ranked based on outcomes of both iodide uptake and cytotoxicity and normalized to perchlorate, a known positive control. Consistent with previous findings, PFOS and PFHxS were again found to be potent NIS inhibitors, yet significant inhibition was also observed for several other screened PFAS chemicals. Although further studies are clearly warranted, this initial screening effort identifies NIS as a molecular target for potential thyroid disruption by this persistent and structurally diverse class of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy E Stoker
- Neurotoxicology and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center of Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Neurotoxicology and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center of Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ashley S Murr
- Neurotoxicology and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center of Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Jarod R Bailey
- Neurotoxicology and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center of Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Angela R Buckalew
- Neurotoxicology and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center of Public Health and Environmental Assessments, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
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Vij V, Shpak V, Zamotayeva G, Lapikura O, Ryzhov A, Gorokh E, Zhang R, Mabuchi K, Little MP, Drozdovitch V, Chizhov K, Masuik S, Preston D, Tronko M, Cahoon EK. Breast cancer risk in Ukrainian women exposed to Chornobyl fallout while pregnant or lactating: standardized incidence ratio analysis, 1998 to 2016. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:1195-1200. [PMID: 36197563 PMCID: PMC10655931 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The radiation-related risk of breast cancer among women following the Chornobyl accident remains uncertain. During pregnancy, there is rapid cell proliferation in the breast while radioactive iodine from fallout exposure can concentrate in lactating breast tissues. We conducted a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) analysis of breast cancer in a cohort of 2,631 women who were lactating and/or pregnant at any time during the 2-month period of radioiodine fallout (April 26, 1986-June 30, 1986). There were 37,151 person-years of follow-up, and 26 incident breast cancers were identified through linkage with the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine. Breast cancer rates among pregnant or lactating women were compared to the general population rates, and SIRs were adjusted for oblast, urban/rural, age, and calendar year. The SIR was not significant for women pregnant at the time of the accident (SIR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.44, 1.18) or for women lactating anytime within 2 months of the accident (SIR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.48, 1.68). However, there was a non-significantly elevated risk for women lactating at the time of accident (SIR = 1.30, 95% CI 0.40, 3.01). The increased SIR for breast cancer among lactating women is consistent with the results of a similar study in Belarus and indicates the need to quantify the radiation risk of breast cancer in a larger study of women lactating during the period of fallout exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Vij
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA.
| | - Victor Shpak
- V.P. Komisarenka Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Galyna Zamotayeva
- V.P. Komisarenka Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Oles Lapikura
- V.P. Komisarenka Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Anton Ryzhov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine
| | - Evgeniy Gorokh
- National Cancer Registry of Ukraine, National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Rui Zhang
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA
| | - Kiyohiko Mabuchi
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA
| | - Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA
| | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA
| | - Konstantin Chizhov
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA
| | - Sergii Masuik
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine
| | | | - Mykola Tronko
- V.P. Komisarenka Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 04114, Ukraine
| | - Elizabeth K Cahoon
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-9778, USA
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Giovanella L, Petranović Ovčariček P. Functional and molecular thyroid imaging. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2022; 66:86-92. [PMID: 35166094 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.22.03428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear medicine methods were introduced in the 1940s for thyroid disease diagnosis and therapy. They is still a crucial part of thyroid nodules work-up. Thyroid imaging with iodine or iodine-analog isotopes is widely employed in patients with thyrotoxicosis and remains the only examination able to prove the presence of autonomously functioning thyroid tissue, which excludes malignancy with a high probability. In addition, technetium-99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile ([99mTc]Tc-MIBI) scintigraphy and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) are able to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures for cytologically inconclusive thyroid nodules, as confirmed by meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness studies. All considered thyroid molecular imaging allows functional characterization of different thyroid diseases, even before clinical symptoms become manifest, and remains integral to the management of such conditions. This paper summarizes main concepts of thyroid scintigraphy and its clinical use. In addition, it elaborates development of thyroid scintigraphy, as well as thyroid molecular imaging in patients with thyroid nodules and thyrotoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giovanella
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale - EOC, Bellinzona, Switzerland -
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Interdisciplinary Thyroid Center, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland -
| | - Petra Petranović Ovčariček
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
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Seah GEKK, Tan AYX, Neo ZH, Lim JYC, Goh SS. Halogen Bonding Ionophore for Potentiometric Iodide Sensing. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15543-15549. [PMID: 34767713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Iodide (I-) is an essential micronutrient for thyroid function. Hence, rapid and portable sensing is important for I- quantification in food and biological samples. Herein, we report the first example of a halogen bonding (XB) tripodal ionophore (XB1) which is selective for the I- anion. NMR binding studies of XB1 and its H-triazole analog HB2 with I- demonstrated the dominant influence of XB interactions between the ionophore and the I- analyte. The phase boundary model was applied to formulate iodide-selective electrodes with the ionophore XB1. The optimal electrode exhibited a near-Nernstian response of -51.9 mV per decade within a large dynamic range (10-1 to 10-6 M) and notably anti-Hofmeister selectivity for I- over thiocyanate (SCN-), enabling the in situ determination of I- in complex samples. This work establishes XB as a viable supramolecular interaction in the potentiometric sensing of anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina E K K Seah
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Angeline Y X Tan
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhi Hao Neo
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jason Y C Lim
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Shermin S Goh
- Institute of Material Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Research Entities, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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A colorimetric paper-based optode sensor for highly sensitive and selective determination of thiocyanate in urine sample using cobalt porphyrin derivative. Talanta 2021; 231:122371. [PMID: 33965036 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a highly sensitive colorimetric paper-based optode for the determination of thiocyanate in urine samples was developed for the first time. The cocktail solution of the optode was composed of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-octyloxyphenyl)porphyrin cobalt(II) complex (L), tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDMACl), 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether, and polyvinyl chloride as an ionophore, an ion exchanger, a plasticizer, and a polymer, respectively. The paper-based optode responded to thiocyanate by increasing the blue component in the RGB index and a visible change, with the naked-eye, of the optode color from pink to green was observed. From the central composite design, the optimized conditions that yielded the highest sensitivity were 4.70 mmol/kg TDMACl and 13.75 mmol/kg L. The developed optode sensor was highly selective and responded to thiocyanate over other anions, with a working range of 0.001-5 mM and with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9915. The limits of detection using naked-eye and camera were determined to be 50.0 μM and 1.26 μM, respectively. In addition, the LOD and LOQ estimated from the standard deviation of the blank were 0.65 and 1.87 μM, respectively. Furthermore, this sensor was successfully applied to the detection of thiocyanate in urine samples from non-smokers and smokers. The results were in good agreement with the standard ion chromatography (IC) technique. This developed paper-based optode sensor was simple, low-cost, portable, and easy to use as a sensing device without any complicated instrument.
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Reyna-Neyra A, Jung L, Chakrabarti M, Suárez MX, Amzel LM, Carrasco N. The Iodide Transport Defect-Causing Y348D Mutation in the Na +/I - Symporter Renders the Protein Intrinsically Inactive and Impairs Its Targeting to the Plasma Membrane. Thyroid 2021; 31:1272-1281. [PMID: 33779310 PMCID: PMC8377515 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: The sodium/iodide (Na+/I-) symporter (NIS) mediates active transport of I- into the thyroid gland. Mutations in the SLC5A5 gene, which encodes NIS, cause I- transport defects (ITDs)-which, if left untreated, lead to congenital hypothyroidism and consequent cognitive and developmental deficiencies. The ITD-causing NIS mutation Y348D, located in transmembrane segment (TMS) 9, was reported in three Sudanese patients. Methods: We generated cDNAs coding for Y348D NIS and mutants with other hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acid substitutions at position 348 and transfected them into cells. The activity of the resulting mutants was quantitated by radioiodide transport assays. NIS glycosylation was investigated by Western blotting after endoglycosidase H (Endo H) and PNGase-F glycosidase treatment. Subcellular localization of the mutant proteins was ascertained by flow cytometry analysis, cell surface biotinylation, and immunofluorescence. The intrinsic activity of Y348D was studied by measuring radioiodide transport in membrane vesicles prepared from Y348D-NIS-expressing cells. Our NIS homology models and molecular dynamics simulations were used to identify residues that interact with Y348 and investigate possible interactions between Y348 and the membrane. The sequences of several Slc5 family transporters were aligned, and a phylogenetic tree was generated in ClustalX. Results: Cells expressing Y348D NIS transport no I-. Furthermore, Y348D NIS is only partially glycosylated, is retained intracellularly, and is intrinsically inactive. Hydrophilic residues other than Asp at position 348 also yield NIS proteins that fail to be targeted to the plasma membrane (PM), whereas hydrophobic residues at this position, which we show do not interact with the membrane, rescue PM targeting and function. Conclusions: Y348D NIS does not reach the PM and is intrinsically inactive. Hydrophobic amino acid substitutions at position 348, however, preserve NIS activity. Our findings are consistent with our homology model's prediction that Y348 should face the side opposite the TMS9 residues that coordinate Na+ and participate in Na+ transport, and with the notion that Y348 interacts only with hydrophobic residues. Hydrophilic or charged residues at position 348 have deleterious effects on NIS PM targeting and activity, whereas a hydrophobic residue at this position rescues NIS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Reyna-Neyra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lara Jung
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mayukh Chakrabarti
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mikel X. Suárez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - L. Mario Amzel
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy Carrasco
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Address correspondence to: Nancy Carrasco, MD, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, 707 Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA
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10
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Anekpuritanang T, Uataya M, Claimon A, Laokulrath N, Pongsapich W, Pithuksurachai P. The Association Between Radioiodine Refractory in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, Sodium/Iodide Symporter Expression, and BRAF V600E Mutation. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3959-3969. [PMID: 34234465 PMCID: PMC8254588 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s308910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the association between radioiodine refractory papillary thyroid carcinoma, sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) expression, and the BRAF V600E mutation. Methods A study was conducted on 30 radioiodine refractory papillary thyroid carcinoma patients and 30 radioiodine-avid papillary thyroid carcinoma patients. The expressions of sodium/iodide symporter and BRAF V600E mutated protein were determined by immunohistochemistry using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Results The mutated BRAF V600E protein was identified in 26 radioiodine refractory papillary thyroid carcinoma subjects (86.7%) and 22 radioiodine-avid papillary thyroid carcinoma subjects (73.3%), with no significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.3). Sodium/iodide symporter expression was detected in 4 of 30 cases (13.3%) from the radioiodine-avid papillary thyroid carcinoma group but was negative for all radioiodine refractory cases. There was no association between sodium/iodide symporter expression and radioiodine refractory papillary thyroid carcinoma (P = 0.11). Cases with positive NIS expression were likely negative for BRAF V600E mutation (3/4; P = 0.02). Conclusion Papillary thyroid carcinomas with BRAF V600E mutation were more likely to be negative for NIS expression. BRAF V600E mutation and NIS expressions cannot be used to predict radioiodine sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauangtham Anekpuritanang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Maythad Uataya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Apichaya Claimon
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Natthawadee Laokulrath
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Warut Pongsapich
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Paveena Pithuksurachai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
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11
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Sakemura R, Can I, Siegler EL, Kenderian SS. In vivo CART cell imaging: Paving the way for success in CART cell therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 20:625-633. [PMID: 33816781 PMCID: PMC7995489 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cells are a promising immunotherapy that has induced dramatic anti-tumor responses in certain B cell malignancies. However, CART cell expansion and trafficking are often insufficient to yield long-term remissions, and serious toxicities can arise after CART cell administration. Visualizing CART cell expansion and trafficking in patients can detect an inadequate CART cell response or serve as an early warning for toxicity development, allowing CART cell treatment to be tailored accordingly to maximize therapeutic benefits. To this end, various imaging platforms are being developed to track CART cells in vivo, including nonspecific strategies to image activated T cells and reporter systems to specifically detect engineered T cells. Many of these platforms are clinically applicable and hold promise to provide valuable information and guide improved CART cell treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reona Sakemura
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ismail Can
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth L Siegler
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Saad S Kenderian
- T Cell Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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12
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Expanded high-throughput screening and chemotype-enrichment analysis of the phase II: e1k ToxCast library for human sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) inhibition. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1723-1737. [PMID: 33656581 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) mediates the uptake of iodide into the thyroid. Inhibition of NIS function by xenobiotics has been demonstrated to suppress circulating thyroid hormones and perturb related physiological functions. Until recently, few environmental chemicals had been screened for NIS inhibition activity. We previously screened over 1000 chemicals from the ToxCast Phase II (ph1v2 and ph2) libraries using an in vitro radioactive iodide uptake (RAIU) with the hNIS-HEK293T cell line to identify NIS inhibitors. Here, we broaden the chemical space by expanding screening to include the ToxCast e1k library (804 unique chemicals) with initial screening for RAIU at 1 × 10-4 M. Then 209 chemicals demonstrating > 20% RAIU inhibition were further tested in multiple-concentration, parallel RAIU and cell viability assays. This identified 55 chemicals as active, noncytotoxic RAIU inhibitors. Further cytotoxicity-adjusted potency scoring (with NaClO4 having a reference score of 200) revealed five chemicals with moderate to strong RAIU inhibition (scored > 100). These data were combined with our previous PhII screening data to produce binary hit-calls for ~ 1800 unique chemicals (PhII + e1k) with and without cytotoxicity filtering. Results were analyzed with a ToxPrint chemotype-enrichment workflow to identify substructural features significantly enriched in the NIS inhibition hit-call space. We assessed the applicability of enriched PhII chemotypes to prospectively predict NIS inhibition in the e1k dataset. Chemotype enrichments derived for the combined ~ 1800 dataset also identified additional enriched features, as well as chemotypes affiliated with cytotoxicity. These enriched chemotypes provide important new information that can support future data interpretation, structure-activity relationship, chemical use, and regulation.
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13
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Ostrominski JW, Yada RC, Sato N, Klein M, Blinova K, Patel D, Valadez R, Palisoc M, Pittaluga S, Peng KW, San H, Lin Y, Basuli F, Zhang X, Swenson RE, Haigney M, Choyke PL, Zou J, Boehm M, Hong SG, Dunbar CE. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated introduction of the sodium/iodide symporter gene enables noninvasive in vivo tracking of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1203-1217. [PMID: 32700830 PMCID: PMC7519772 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques that enable longitudinal tracking of cell fate after myocardial delivery are imperative for optimizing the efficacy of cell‐based cardiac therapies. However, these approaches have been underutilized in preclinical models and clinical trials, and there is considerable demand for site‐specific strategies achieving long‐term expression of reporter genes compatible with safe noninvasive imaging. In this study, the rhesus sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) gene was incorporated into rhesus macaque induced pluripotent stem cells (RhiPSCs) via CRISPR/Cas9. Cardiomyocytes derived from NIS‐RhiPSCs (NIS‐RhiPSC‐CMs) exhibited overall similar morphological and electrophysiological characteristics compared to parental control RhiPSC‐CMs at baseline and with exposure to physiological levels of sodium iodide. Mice were injected intramyocardially with 2 million NIS‐RhiPSC‐CMs immediately following myocardial infarction, and serial positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed with 18F‐tetrafluoroborate to monitor transplanted cells in vivo. NIS‐RhiPSC‐CMs could be detected until study conclusion at 8 to 10 weeks postinjection. This NIS‐based molecular imaging platform, with optimal safety and sensitivity characteristics, is primed for translation into large‐animal preclinical models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Ostrominski
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ravi Chandra Yada
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Program, Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Klein
- Division of Cardiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ksenia Blinova
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Dakshesh Patel
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Racquel Valadez
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maryknoll Palisoc
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kah-Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hong San
- Animal Surgery and Resources Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rolf E Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Haigney
- Division of Cardiology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - So Gun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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14
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Lisco G, De Tullio A, Giagulli VA, De Pergola G, Triggiani V. Interference on Iodine Uptake and Human Thyroid Function by Perchlorate-Contaminated Water and Food. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1669. [PMID: 32512711 PMCID: PMC7352877 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perchlorate-induced natrium-iodide symporter (NIS) interference is a well-recognized thyroid disrupting mechanism. It is unclear, however, whether a chronic low-dose exposure to perchlorate delivered by food and drinks may cause thyroid dysfunction in the long term. Thus, the aim of this review was to overview and summarize literature results in order to clarify this issue. METHODS Authors searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, institutional websites and Google until April 2020 for relevant information about the fundamental mechanism of the thyroid NIS interference induced by orally consumed perchlorate compounds and its clinical consequences. RESULTS Food and drinking water should be considered relevant sources of perchlorate. Despite some controversies, cross-sectional studies demonstrated that perchlorate exposure affects thyroid hormone synthesis in infants, adolescents and adults, particularly in the case of underlying thyroid diseases and iodine insufficiency. An exaggerated exposure to perchlorate during pregnancy leads to a worse neurocognitive and behavioral development outcome in infants, regardless of maternal thyroid hormone levels. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The effects of a chronic low-dose perchlorate exposure on thyroid homeostasis remain still unclear, leading to concerns especially for highly sensitive patients. Specific studies are needed to clarify this issue, aiming to better define strategies of detection and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lisco
- ASL Brindisi, Unit of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Clinical Nutrition, Hospital “A. Perrino”, Strada per Mesagne 7, 72100 Brindisi, Puglia, Italy;
| | - Anna De Tullio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine—Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Puglia, Italy; (A.D.T.); (V.A.G.)
| | - Vito Angelo Giagulli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine—Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Puglia, Italy; (A.D.T.); (V.A.G.)
- Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Conversano Hospital, Via Edmondo de Amicis 36, 70014 Conversano, Bari, Puglia, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Puglia, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine—Section of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, Endocrinology and Rare Diseases, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Puglia, Italy; (A.D.T.); (V.A.G.)
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15
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Llorente-Esteban A, Manville RW, Reyna-Neyra A, Abbott GW, Amzel LM, Carrasco N. Allosteric regulation of mammalian Na +/I - symporter activity by perchlorate. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:533-539. [PMID: 32451489 PMCID: PMC10158964 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Na+/I- symporter (NIS), the plasma membrane protein that actively transports I- (stoichiometry 2Na+:1I-) in thyroid physiology and radioiodide-based thyroid cancer treatment, also transports the environmental pollutant perchlorate (stoichiometry 1Na+:1ClO4-), which competes with I- for transport. Until now, the mechanism by which NIS transports different anion substrates with different stoichiometries has remained unelucidated. We carried out transport measurements and analyzed these using a statistical thermodynamics-based equation and electrophysiological experiments to show that the different stoichiometry of ClO4- transport is due to ClO4- binding to a high-affinity non-transport allosteric site that prevents Na+ from binding to one of its two sites. Furthermore, low concentrations of ClO4- inhibit I- transport not only by competition but also, critically, by changing the stoichiometry of I- transport to 1:1, which greatly reduces the driving force. The data reveal that ClO4- pollution in drinking water is more dangerous than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Llorente-Esteban
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rían W Manville
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Reyna-Neyra
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - L Mario Amzel
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nancy Carrasco
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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16
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Evaluation of potential sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors using a secondary Fischer rat thyroid follicular cell (FRTL-5) radioactive iodide uptake (RAIU) assay. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:873-885. [PMID: 32065294 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Fischer rat thyroid follicular cell line (FRTL-5) endogenously expresses the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) and has been used to identify environmental chemicals that perturb thyroid hormone homeostasis by disruption of NIS-mediated iodide uptake. Previously, a high-throughput radioactive iodide uptake (RAIU) screening assay incorporating the hNIS-HEK293T-EPA cell line was used to identify potential human NIS (hNIS) inhibitors in 1028 ToxCast Phase I (ph1_v2) and Phase II chemicals. In this study, the FRTL-5 cell line was evaluated and applied as a secondary RAIU assay coupled with cell viability assays to further prioritize highly active NIS inhibitors from the earlier screening. Assay validation with ten reference chemicals and performance assessment by chemical controls suggest the FRTL-5 based assays are robust and highly reproducible. Top-ranked chemicals from the ToxCast screening were then evaluated in both FRTL-5 and hNIS RAIU assays using newly sourced chemicals to strengthen the testing paradigm and to enable a rat vs. human species comparison. Eighteen of 29 test chemicals showed less than 1 order of magnitude difference in IC50 values between the two assays. Notably, two common perfluorinated compounds, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), demonstrated strong NIS inhibitory activity [IC50 - 6.45 (PFOS) and - 5.70 (PFHxS) log M in FRTL-5 RAIU assay]. In addition, several chemicals including etoxazole, methoxyfenozide, oxyfluorfen, triclocarban, mepanipyrim, and niclosamide also exhibited NIS inhibition with minimal cytotoxicity in both assays and are proposed for additional testing using short-term in vivo assays to characterize effects on thyroid hormone synthesis.
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17
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Lehmacher M, Stolzenburg A, Samnick S. Uptake of [¹⁸F]tetrafluoroborate in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells is Induced after Stimulation of the Sodium Iodide Symporter. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 20:146-155. [PMID: 32056515 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191016145602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) has been the most important target in nuclear medicine regarding thyroid-related diseases. Although hNIS-expression can also be determined in extra-thyroidal tumors, imaging hNIS with positron emission tomography has not been exploited clinically. OBJECTIVE Here, we evaluated the accumulation of the novel hNIS-substrate [18F]tetrafluoroborate ([18F]TFB) in the endogenously hNIS-expressing breast cancer cell line MCF-7 after an improved radiosynthesis and pharmacological stimulation. METHODS [18F]TFB was prepared under mild reaction conditions (40°C, 25 min) and its uptake properties were investigated in MCF-7 cells pretreated with a combination of all-trans retinoic acid plus methasone-derivatives and compared to the clinically established tracers [131I]iodide and [99mTc]pertechnetate. Specificity of the tracer accumulation was assessed by inhibition experiments using NaBF4, KSO3F, KI and KIO3. RESULTS [18F]TFB was obtained with a radiochemical yield of 24.0 ± 6.6 % (n = 17) within 40 min after high pressure liquid chromatography-separation and with 26.8 ± 6.2 % (n = 13) within 45 min after adapting the procedure on a synthesis module using higher starting activities (> 10 GBq). After pharmacological treatment, a 4-fold increase in hNIS-expression on the MCF-7 cell surface was achieved, resulting in a significantly higher [18F]TFB uptake into the cells (up to 58-fold) as compared to control experiments. Inhibition studies using various NIS-substrates confirmed the specificity of [18F]TFB for hNIS. CONCLUSION [18F]TFB was shown to be a promising hNIS-substrate in our model using the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line mandating in vivo evaluations in xenografted studies and in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lehmacher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Antje Stolzenburg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Samnick
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
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18
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Sun Z, Lu J, Wu M, Ouyang C, Xing Y, Hou X, Shi Z, Wu Y. PTEN-knockdown disrupts the morphology, growth pattern and function of Nthy-Ori 3-1 cells by downregulating PAX8 expression. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6732-6740. [PMID: 31807182 PMCID: PMC6876289 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid disorders, which are common endocrine diseases, has rapidly increased in recent years. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders remain unclear. Phosphatase and tension homolog (PTEN) is a dual-specific phosphatase that is associated with multiple thyroid disorders; however, the role of PTEN in thyroid disorders remains unknown. In the present study, the human thyroid follicular epithelial cell line Nthy-Ori 3-1 was used to determine the role of PTEN in thyroid disorders. PTEN expression was knocked down using a PTEN-specific short hairpin RNA. Western blotting was subsequently used to determine protein expression, the Matrigel tube formation assay and iodide uptake assay were applied for evaluating the morphology and function of thyroid cells. The results showed that PTEN knockdown decreased the protein expression of paired box 8 (PAX8). The morphology and tubular-like growth pattern of thyroid cells were therefore disrupted, and restoration of PAX8 expression reversed these effects. Furthermore, PTEN-knockdown decreased the expression of specific thyroid proteins (thyroglobulin, TG; thyroid peroxidase, TPO; and sodium/iodide symporter, NIS) and inhibited the iodide uptake ability of thyroid cells by downregulating PAX8, suggesting that PTEN deficiency may impair the function of thyroid cells. In conclusion, the present study reported an important function of PTEN in normal thyroid cells and identified the involvement of PAX8. These results may improve understanding of the role of PTEN in the pathogenesis of thyroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Sun
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Jinqi Lu
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215600, P.R. China
| | - Muyu Wu
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Changli Ouyang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Yueping Xing
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Xiancun Hou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenduo Shi
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Yongping Wu
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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19
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Iodide modulates protein damage induced by the inflammation-associated heme enzyme myeloperoxidase. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101331. [PMID: 31568923 PMCID: PMC6812061 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodide ions (I-) are an essential dietary mineral, and crucial for mental and physical development, fertility and thyroid function. I- is also a high affinity substrate for the heme enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is involved in bacterial cell killing during the immune response, and also host tissue damage during inflammation. In the presence of H2O2 and Cl-, MPO generates the powerful oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl), with excessive formation of this species linked to multiple inflammatory diseases. In this study, we have examined the hypothesis that elevated levels of I- would decrease HOCl formation and thereby protein damage induced by a MPO/Cl-/H2O2 system, by acting as a competitive substrate. The presence of increasing I- concentrations (0.1-10 μM; i.e. within the range readily achievable by oral supplementation in humans), decreased damage to both model proteins and extracellular matrix components as assessed by gross structural changes (SDS-PAGE), antibody recognition of parent and modified protein epitopes (ELISA), and quantification of both parent amino acid loss (UPLC) and formation of the HOCl-biomarker 3-chlorotyrosine (LC-MS) (reduced by ca. 50% at 10 μM I-). Elevated levels of I- ( > 1 μM) also protected against functional changes as assessed by a decreased loss of adhesion (eg. 40% vs. < 22% with >1 μM I-) of primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), to MPO-modified human plasma fibronectin. These data indicate that low micromolar concentrations of I-, which can be readily achieved in humans and are readily tolerated, may afford protection against cell and tissue damage induced by MPO.
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20
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Rager O, Radojewski P, Dumont RA, Treglia G, Giovanella L, Walter MA. Radioisotope imaging for discriminating benign from malignant cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. Gland Surg 2019; 8:S118-S125. [PMID: 31475099 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2019.03.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytological classification (Bethesda III-IV) ranges from 10% to 40%, and early delineation is essential as delays in diagnosis can be associated with increased mortality. Several radioisotope imaging techniques are available for discriminating benign from malignant cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules, and for supporting clinical decision-making. These techniques include iodine-123, technetium-99m-pertechnetate, technetium-99m-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (technetium-99m-MIBI), and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (fluorine-18-FDG). This review discusses the currently available radioisotope imaging techniques for evaluation of thyroid nodules, including the mechanism of radiotracer uptake and the indications for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Rager
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,IMGE (Imagerie Moléculaire Genève), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Radojewski
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca A Dumont
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Treglia
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Giovanella
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Center, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Martin A Walter
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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21
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Kang SY, Bang JI, Kang KW, Lee HY, Chung JK. FDG PET/CT for the early prediction of RAI therapy response in patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218416. [PMID: 31237886 PMCID: PMC6592523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In some patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer, even if they had substantial of radioactive iodine (RAI) uptake, the RAI therapy response was poor. We investigated the usefulness of FDG PET/CT for the early prediction of RAI therapy response in the patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Methods The 54 metastatic DTC patients who underwent both RAI therapy scan and FDG PET/CT at the same period were enrolled in the study. Clinical information and several parameters from RAI therapy scan and FDG PET/CT were investigated. Therapeutic response of RAI was assessed as two categories: response rate (RR) and disease control rate (DCR). Results Twenty-two patients (41%) had therapeutic response to RAI therapy, whereas 32 (59%) patients did not. There were no significant differences in age, sex, stage, histology, metastasis site, stimulated Tg or Tg-Ab, therapeutic doses, and even RAI uptake pattern among two groups. However, there was a significant negative correlation between FDG avidity of metastatic lesions and RR (OR = 0.233; p = 0.016). Although the patient group with only RAI uptake showed a significant correlation with RR (OR = 5.833; p = 0.01), the patient group with both RAI and FDG uptake did not show any significant correlation with RR. In the subgroup analysis, uptake grades of RAI or FDG was well correlated with DCR. Conclusions The patient group with FDG uptake in metastatic DTC showed poor response to RAI therapy regardless of the degree of RAI uptake. Therefore, FDG PET/CT may help us identify the patients with radioiodine refractory DTC and establish an appropriate treatment strategy in the early period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-In Bang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-young Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seong-Nam, Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- * E-mail:
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22
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Cui T, Wang W, Chen W, Pan Z, Gao S, Tan L, Pearce EN, Zimmermann MB, Shen J, Zhang W. Serum Iodine Is Correlated with Iodine Intake and Thyroid Function in School-Age Children from a Sufficient-to-Excessive Iodine Intake Area. J Nutr 2019; 149:1012-1018. [PMID: 31070733 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An alternative feasible and convenient method of assessing iodine intake is needed. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the utility of serum iodine for assessing iodine intake in children. METHODS One blood sample and 2 repeated 24-h urine samples (1-mo interval) were collected from school-age children in Shandong, China. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (Tg), total iodine (StI), and non-protein-bound iodine (SnbI) concentrations and urine iodine (UIC) and creatinine (UCr) concentrations were measured. Iodine intake was estimated based on two 24-h urine iodine excretions (24-h UIE). Associations between serum iodine and other factors were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to illustrate diagnostic ability of StI and SnbI. RESULTS In total, 1686 children aged 7-14 y were enrolled. The median 24-h UIC for the 2 collections was 385 and 399 μg/L, respectively. The median iodine intake was estimated to be 299 μg/d and was significantly higher in boys than in girls (316 μg/d compared with 283 μg/d; P < 0.001). StI and SnbI were both positively correlated with FT4 (ρ = 0.30, P < 0.001; and ρ = 0.21, P < 0.001), Tg (ρ = 0.21, P < 0.001; and ρ = 0.19, P < 0.001), 24-h UIC (ρ = 0.56, P < 0.001; and ρ = 0.47, P < 0.001), 24-h UIE (ρ = 0.46, P < 0.001; and ρ = 0.49, P < 0.001), urine iodine-to-creatinine ratio (ρ = 0.58, P < 0.001; and ρ = 0.62, P < 0.001), and iodine intake (ρ = 0.49, P < 0.001; and ρ = 0.53, P < 0.001). The areas under the ROC curves for StI and SnbI for the diagnosis of excessive iodine intake in children were 0.76 and 0.77, respectively. The optimal StI and SnbI threshold values for defining iodine excess in children were 101 and 56.2 μg/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Serum iodine was positively correlated with iodine intake and the serum FT4 concentration in children. It is a potential biomarker for diagnosing excessive iodine intake in children. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02915536.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingkai Cui
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyun Pan
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Gao
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Tan
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Elizabeth N Pearce
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Michael B Zimmermann
- The Human Nutrition Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jun Shen
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Center for International Collaborative Research in Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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23
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Muller I, Barrett-Lee PJ. The antigenic link between thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:122-134. [PMID: 31128301 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The association between breast cancer and benign thyroid disorders, in particular thyroid autoimmunity, has been debated for decades. Autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase, the hallmark of thyroid autoimmunity, have a higher prevalence among patients with breast cancer compared with the general population. Furthermore a correlation between their positivity and a better prognosis of breast cancer was found in several independent small-scale studies, even if such observation was not confirmed in a subsequent retrospective study conducted on the largest patient cohort to date. The thyroid and mammary glands present several biological similarities, therefore the hypothesis of an immune response to shared thyroid/breast antigens could in part explain the association between thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer. The sodium iodide symporter is expressed in both glands, however it seems unlikely to be the key common antigen, considering that autoantibodies targeting it are rare. Instead thyroid peroxidase, one of the major thyroid autoantigens, is also expressed in breast tissue and therefore represents the main antigenic link between thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer. Furthermore lactoperoxidase, an enzyme of the same family that shares structural similarities with thyroid peroxidase, is expressed in neoplastic breast cells and is responsible for the cross-reactivity with some autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase. Novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer might take advantage of the antigenic link between thyroid and breast tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Muller
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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24
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Newkirk KA, Ringel MD, Wartofsky L, Burman KD. The Role of Radioactive Iodine in Salivary Gland Dysfunction. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/014556130007900612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A. Newkirk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Matthew D. Ringel
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medlantic Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Leonard Wartofsky
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medlantic Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C
| | - Kenneth D. Burman
- Department of Otolaryngology, Georgetown University Medical Center and Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Medlantic Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, D.C
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25
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Wang J, Hallinger DR, Murr AS, Buckalew AR, Lougee RR, Richard AM, Laws SC, Stoker TE. High-throughput screening and chemotype-enrichment analysis of ToxCast phase II chemicals evaluated for human sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) inhibition. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:377-386. [PMID: 30826616 PMCID: PMC9082575 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In support of the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP), the U.S.EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) is developing high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches to identify chemicals that alter target sites in the thyroid hormone (TH) pathway. The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates iodide uptake into the thyroid as the initial step of TH biosynthesis. Previously, we screened 293 ToxCast chemicals (ph1v2) using a HEK293T cell line expressing human NIS in parallel radioactive iodide uptake (RAIU) and cell viability assays to identify potential environmental NIS inhibitors. Here, we expanded NIS inhibitor screening for a set of 768 ToxCast Phase II (ph2) chemicals, and applied a novel computational toxicology approach based on the ToxPrint chemotype to identify chemical substructures associated with NIS inhibition. Following single-concentration screening (at 1 × 10-4 M with a 20% inhibition cutoff), 235 samples (228 chemicals) were further tested in multiple-concentration (1 × 10-9 - 1 × 10-4 M) format in both RAIU and cell viability assays. The 167 chemicals that exhibited significant RAIU inhibition were then prioritized using combined RAIU and cell viability responses that were normalized relative to the known NIS inhibitor sodium perchlorate. Some of the highest ranked chemicals, such as PFOS, tributyltin chloride, and triclocarban, have been previously reported to be thyroid disruptors. In addition, several novel chemicals were identified as potent NIS inhibitors. The present results were combined with the previous ph1v2 screening results to produce two sets of binary hit-calls for 1028 unique chemicals, consisting of 273 positives exhibiting significant RAIU inhibition, and 63 positives following application of a cell viability filter. A ToxPrint chemotype-enrichment analysis identified >20 distinct chemical substructural features, represented in >60% of the active chemicals, as significantly enriched in each NIS inhibition hit-call space. A shared set of 9 chemotypes enriched in both hit-call sets indicates stable chemotype signals (insensitive to cytotoxicity filters) that can help guide structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigations and inform future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Daniel R Hallinger
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Ashley S Murr
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Angela R Buckalew
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Ryan R Lougee
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Ann M Richard
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Susan C Laws
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Tammy E Stoker
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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26
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Wen G, Fischer J, Most E, Eder K, Ringseis R. Decreased All- trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Expression of Sodium-Iodide Transporter in Mammary Epithelial Cells Caused by Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4493-4504. [PMID: 30938528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Expression of sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) is stimulated by sterol-regulatory-element-binding transcription factors (SREBFs) in mammary epithelial MCF-7 cells. Because conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers have been shown to inhibit transcriptional activity of SREBFs in the mammary gland, the hypothesis was tested that CLA isomers inhibit NIS expression induced by all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in MCF-7 cells through inhibiting SREBF activity. c9t11-CLA and t10c12-CLA decreased ATRA-induced NIS-mRNA expression from 1.00 (ATRA alone) to 0.80 ± 0.12 (200 μM c9t11-CLA, P < 0.05) and 0.62 ± 0.10 (200 μM t10c12-CLA, P < 0.05), NIS-protein expression from 1.00 (ATRA alone) to 0.77 ± 0.08 (200 μM c9t11-CLA, P < 0.05) and 0.63 ± 0.05 (200 μM t10c12-CLA, P < 0.05), and NIS-promoter activity from 1.00 (ATRA alone) to 0.74 ± 0.13 (200 μM c9t11-CLA, P < 0.05) and 0.76 ± 0.13 (200 μM t10c12-CLA, P < 0.05); however, c9t11-CLA and t10c12-CLA increased the mRNA levels of SREBF isoforms and their target genes. In contrast, the mRNA expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG) was strongly induced by ATRA alone but decreased by CLA isomers from 1.00 (ATRA alone) to 0.80 ± 0.06 (200 μM c9t11-CLA, P < 0.05) and 0.86 ± 0.06 (200 μM t10c12-CLA, P < 0.05). Overexpression of PPARγ in MCF-7 cells increased basal NIS-promoter activity, and treatment with the PPARγ ligand troglitazone stimulated ATRA-induced NIS-promoter activity. In conclusion, the results suggest that CLA isomers exert their effect on the expression of NIS by decreasing PPARG expression in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaiping Wen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Julia Fischer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 , 35392 Giessen , Germany
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27
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Wang J, Hallinger DR, Murr AS, Buckalew AR, Simmons SO, Laws SC, Stoker TE. High-Throughput Screening and Quantitative Chemical Ranking for Sodium-Iodide Symporter Inhibitors in ToxCast Phase I Chemical Library. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5417-5426. [PMID: 29611697 PMCID: PMC6697091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid uptake of iodide via the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) is the first step in the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones that are critical for health and development in humans and wildlife. Despite having long been a known target of endocrine disrupting chemicals such as perchlorate, information regarding NIS inhibition activity is still unavailable for the vast majority of environmental chemicals. This study applied a previously validated high-throughput approach to screen for NIS inhibitors in the ToxCast phase I library, representing 293 important environmental chemicals. Here 310 blinded samples were screened in a tiered-approach using an initial single-concentration (100 μM) radioactive-iodide uptake (RAIU) assay, followed by 169 samples further evaluated in multi-concentration (0.001 μM-100 μM) testing in parallel RAIU and cell viability assays. A novel chemical ranking system that incorporates multi-concentration RAIU and cytotoxicity responses was also developed as a standardized method for chemical prioritization in current and future screenings. Representative chemical responses and thyroid effects of high-ranking chemicals are further discussed. This study significantly expands current knowledge of NIS inhibition potential in environmental chemicals and provides critical support to U.S. EPA's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) initiative to expand coverage of thyroid molecular targets, as well as the development of thyroid adverse outcome pathways (AOPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Daniel R. Hallinger
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Ashley S. Murr
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Angela R. Buckalew
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Steven O. Simmons
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Susan C. Laws
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
- Corresponding authors: (Phone: 919-541-0173 Fax: 919-541-5138) and (Phone: 919-541-2783 Fax: 919-541-5138)
| | - Tammy E. Stoker
- Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Toxicity Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
- Corresponding authors: (Phone: 919-541-0173 Fax: 919-541-5138) and (Phone: 919-541-2783 Fax: 919-541-5138)
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28
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Emami-Shahri N, Foster J, Kashani R, Gazinska P, Cook C, Sosabowski J, Maher J, Papa S. Clinically compliant spatial and temporal imaging of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29540684 PMCID: PMC5852048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy of CD19+ B-cell malignancy has established a new therapeutic pillar of hematology–oncology. Nonetheless, formidable challenges remain for the attainment of comparable success in patients with solid tumors. To accelerate progress and rapidly characterize emerging toxicities, systems that permit the repeated and non-invasive assessment of CAR T-cell bio-distribution would be invaluable. An ideal solution would entail the use of a non-immunogenic reporter that mediates specific uptake of an inexpensive, non-toxic and clinically established imaging tracer by CAR T cells. Here we show the utility of the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) for the temporal and spatial monitoring of CAR T-cell behavior in a cancer-bearing host. This system provides a clinically compliant toolkit for high-resolution serial imaging of CAR T cells in vivo, addressing a fundamental unmet need for future clinical development in the field. Adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has shown promising anticancer results in clinical trials. Here the authors use the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) as a reporter gene to image human CAR T cells in cancer-bearing mice using broadly available tracers and imaging platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Emami-Shahri
- ImmunoEngineering Group, King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Julie Foster
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Roxana Kashani
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Patrycja Gazinska
- Breast Cancer Now, Division of Cancer Studies, Guy's Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Celia Cook
- ImmunoEngineering Group, King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jane Sosabowski
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - John Maher
- CAR Mechanics Group, King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 9RS, UK.,Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, King's Drive, Eastbourne, BN21 2UD, UK
| | - Sophie Papa
- ImmunoEngineering Group, King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, 3rd Floor Bermondsey Wing, King's Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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29
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Hines DE, Edwards SW, Conolly RB, Jarabek AM. A Case Study Application of the Aggregate Exposure Pathway (AEP) and Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Frameworks to Facilitate the Integration of Human Health and Ecological End Points for Cumulative Risk Assessment (CRA). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:839-849. [PMID: 29236470 PMCID: PMC6003653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative risk assessment (CRA) methods promote the use of a conceptual site model (CSM) to apportion exposures and integrate risk from multiple stressors. While CSMs may encompass multiple species, evaluating end points across taxa can be challenging due to data availability and physiological differences among organisms. Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) describe biological mechanisms leading to adverse outcomes (AOs) by assembling causal pathways with measurable intermediate steps termed key events (KEs), thereby providing a framework for integrating data across species. In this work, we used a case study focused on the perchlorate anion (ClO4-) to highlight the value of the AOP framework for cross-species data integration. Computational models and dose-response data were used to evaluate the effects of ClO4- in 12 species and revealed a dose-response concordance across KEs and taxa. The aggregate exposure pathway (AEP) tracks stressors from sources to the exposures and serves as a complement to the AOP. We discuss how the combined AEP-AOP construct helps to maximize the use of existing data and advances CRA by (1) organizing toxicity and exposure data, (2) providing a mechanistic framework of KEs for integrating data across human health and ecological end points, (3) facilitating cross-species dose-response evaluation, and (4) highlighting data gaps and technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Hines
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National, Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory
| | - Stephen W. Edwards
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National, Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory
| | - Rory B. Conolly
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National, Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory
| | - Annie M. Jarabek
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National, Center for Environmental Assessment
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Gil-Cayuela C, Ortega A, Tarazón E, Martínez-Dolz L, Cinca J, González-Juanatey JR, Lago F, Roselló-Lletí E, Rivera M, Portolés M. Myocardium of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy presents altered expression of genes involved in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190987. [PMID: 29320567 PMCID: PMC5761948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and low thyroid hormone (TH) levels has been previously described. In these patients abnormal thyroid function is significantly related to impaired left ventricular (LV) function and increased risk of death. Although TH was originally thought to be produced exclusively by the thyroid gland, we recently reported TH biosynthesis in the human ischemic heart. Objectives Based on these findings, we evaluated whether the genes required for TH production are also altered in patients with DCM. Methods Twenty-three LV tissue samples were obtained from patients with DCM (n = 13) undergoing heart transplantation and control donors (n = 10), and used for RNA sequencing analysis. The number of LV DCM samples was increased to 23 to determine total T4 and T3 tissue levels by ELISA. Results We found that all components of TH biosynthesis are expressed in human dilated heart tissue. Expression of genes encoding thyroperoxidase (–2.57-fold, P < 0.05) and dual oxidase 2 (2.64-fold, P < 0.01), the main enzymatic system of TH production, was significantly altered in patients with DCM and significantly associated with LV remodeling parameters. Thyroxine (T4) cardiac tissue levels were significantly increased (P < 0.01), whilst triiodothyronine (T3) levels were significantly diminished (P < 0.05) in the patients. Conclusions Expression of TH biosynthesis machinery in the heart and total tissue levels of T4 and T3, are altered in patients with DCM. Given the relevance of TH in cardiac pathology, our results provide a basis for new gene-based therapeutic strategies for treating DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gil-Cayuela
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Members of the Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ortega
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Members of the Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Tarazón
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Members of the Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Dolz
- Members of the Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Cardiology Department, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Cinca
- Members of the Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Service of Santa Creu i Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- Members of the Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Biomedical Research, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- Members of the Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Department of Cardiology and Institute of Biomedical Research, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Esther Roselló-Lletí
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Members of the Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MR); (MP); (ERL)
| | - Miguel Rivera
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Members of the Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MR); (MP); (ERL)
| | - Manuel Portolés
- Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Members of the Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MR); (MP); (ERL)
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Iodine stimulates estrogen receptor singling and its systemic level is increased in surgical patients due to topical absorption. Oncotarget 2017; 9:375-384. [PMID: 29416620 PMCID: PMC5787473 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone production. However, recent epidemiologic studies have shown that breast cancer patients have an elevated risk of developing thyroid cancer and vice versa. A notable finding in this study is that iodine stimulated the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) in breast cancer cells. Iodine stimulated expression of several ER-α regulated gene including PS2, Cathepsin D, CyclinD1, and PR both in vitro and in nude mice, which is consistent with its stimulation of both anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of ER-α positive breast cancer cells and the effect to dampen tumor shrinkage of MCF-7 xenograft in ovariectomized nude mice. Analyses of clinical urine samples from breast cancer patients undergoing surgery demonstrated that urinary iodine levels were significantly higher than that in controls; and this increased level is due to the antiseptic use of iodine during breast surgery. The present study indicates that excess iodine intake may be an unfavorable factor in breast cancer by stimulation of ER-α transcriptional activity.
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32
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Thyroid hormone biosynthesis machinery is altered in the ischemic myocardium: An epigenomic study. Int J Cardiol 2017; 243:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Izkhakov E, Barchana M, Liphshitz I, Silverman BG, Stern N, Keinan-Boker L. Trends of Second Primary Malignancy in Patients with Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Israel. Thyroid 2017; 27:793-801. [PMID: 28338430 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. TC patients have a good prognosis and a low disease-related mortality rate. Since such patients are often young, they may be at a higher risk for a second primary malignancy (SPM). This study sought to determine the incidence, risk, and types of SPM between 1980 and 2011, and to assess SPM trends over time among Israeli TC patients. METHODS Data were derived from the Israel National Cancer Registry. Primary TC patients diagnosed during 1980-2009 were followed up for SPM incidence until December 31, 2011. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of observed to expected SPM (based on the general population rates) were calculated using Poisson regression. Analyses were stratified by time period of initial TC diagnosis (1980-1995 and 1996-2009). RESULTS A total of 11,538 TC patients were identified. After exclusion of 107 duplicate cases, records of 1032 patients with SPM were analyzed (an SPM incidence of 8.9%). SIRs for all-site SPMs were 1.23 [confidence interval 1.08-1.35] for males and 1.19 [confidence interval 1.10-1.27] for females. SIRs for tumors of the urinary system and prostate were significantly elevated in males, as were SIRs for tumors of the brain, urinary system, breast, and lung in females. Variables associated with increased risk of developing SPMs included a younger age at TC diagnosis, a shorter latency period, being born in Asia/Africa for both sexes, and being born in Israel for females. Compared with the general population, a subanalysis by TC diagnosis during 1980-1995 and 1996-2009 disclosed a higher SPM incidence for the latter time period in males and for both time periods, with a slightly higher SIR for the latter time period in females. CONCLUSIONS The overall risk of SPM in Israeli TC patients was significantly greater for both sexes compared with the general population, thus identifying TC patients as a high-risk group and calling for caretakers to apply specific follow-up guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Izkhakov
- 1 Institute of Endocrinology , Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
- 3 School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa , Haifa, Israel
| | - Micha Barchana
- 3 School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa , Haifa, Israel
| | - Irena Liphshitz
- 4 Israel National Cancer Registry, Israel Center for Disease Control , Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Barbara G Silverman
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
- 4 Israel National Cancer Registry, Israel Center for Disease Control , Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Naftali Stern
- 1 Institute of Endocrinology , Metabolism, and Hypertension, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lital Keinan-Boker
- 3 School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa , Haifa, Israel
- 4 Israel National Cancer Registry, Israel Center for Disease Control , Ministry of Health, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Schmohl KA, Gupta A, Grünwald GK, Trajkovic-Arsic M, Klutz K, Braren R, Schwaiger M, Nelson PJ, Ogris M, Wagner E, Siveke JT, Spitzweg C. Imaging and targeted therapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using the theranostic sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene. Oncotarget 2017; 8:33393-33404. [PMID: 28380420 PMCID: PMC5464876 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The theranostic sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene allows detailed molecular imaging of transgene expression and application of therapeutic radionuclides. As a crucial step towards clinical application, we investigated tumor specificity and transfection efficiency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted polyplexes as systemic NIS gene delivery vehicles in an advanced genetically engineered mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that closely reflects human disease. PDAC was induced in mice by pancreas-specific activation of constitutively active KrasG12D and deletion of Trp53. We used tumor-targeted polyplexes (LPEI-PEG-GE11/NIS) based on linear polyethylenimine, shielded by polyethylene glycol and coupled with the EGFR-specific peptide ligand GE11, to target a NIS-expressing plasmid to high EGFR-expressing PDAC. In vitro iodide uptake studies in cell explants from murine EGFR-positive and EGFR-ablated PDAC lesions demonstrated high transfection efficiency and EGFR-specificity of LPEI-PEG-GE11/NIS. In vivo 123I gamma camera imaging and three-dimensional high-resolution 124I PET showed significant tumor-specific accumulation of radioiodide after systemic LPEI-PEG-GE11/NIS injection. Administration of 131I in LPEI-PEG-GE11/NIS-treated mice resulted in significantly reduced tumor growth compared to controls as determined by magnetic resonance imaging, though survival was not significantly prolonged. This study opens the exciting prospect of NIS-mediated radionuclide imaging and therapy of PDAC after systemic non-viral NIS gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin A. Schmohl
- Department of Internal Medicine II and IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aayush Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Geoffrey K. Grünwald
- Department of Internal Medicine II and IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marija Trajkovic-Arsic
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Klutz
- Department of Internal Medicine II and IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rickmer Braren
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J. Nelson
- Clinical Biochemistry Group, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Ogris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Laboratory of MacroMolecular Cancer Therapeutics (MMCT), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for System-Based Drug Research and Center for Nanoscience, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens T. Siveke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Spitzweg
- Department of Internal Medicine II and IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Willemin ME, Lumen A. Thiocyanate: a review and evaluation of the kinetics and the modes of action for thyroid hormone perturbations. Crit Rev Toxicol 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1281590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Emilie Willemin
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Annie Lumen
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
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36
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Samadi R, Shafiei B, Azizi F, Ghasemi A. Radioactive Iodine Therapy and Glucose Tolerance. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:184-193. [PMID: 28670511 PMCID: PMC5413587 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Radioactive iodine therapy is commonly used as an adjuvant therapy in follicular and
papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and in the treatment of Graves’ disease (GD). The
basis of this therapy is the accumulation of radioactive iodine by the sodium-iodide
symporter (NIS) in the thyroid gland. Expression of NIS by extrathyroidal tissues such
as islets of pancreas has been reported. Radioactive iodine uptake by pancreatic
beta-cells can potentially damage these cells. In this study, we discuss the possible
associations between radioactive iodine and glucose intolerance. Overall, radioactive
iodine uptake by the pancreas may damage beta-cells and predispose patients to
glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes, particularly in patients exposed to radioactive
iodine therapy following total thyroidectomy. Further studies are needed to clarify and
confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghaieh Samadi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Shafiei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alotaibi H, Tuzlakoğlu-Öztürk M, Tazebay UH. The Thyroid Na+/I- Symporter: Molecular Characterization and Genomic Regulation. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther 2017; 26:92-101. [PMID: 28117294 PMCID: PMC5283716 DOI: 10.4274/2017.26.suppl.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodide (I-) is an essential constituent of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), and the iodide concentrating mechanism of the thyroid gland is essential for the synthesis of these hormones. In addition, differential uptake of iodine isotopes (radioiodine) is a key modality for the diagnosis and therapy of thyroid cancer. The sodium dependent iodide transport activity of the thyroid gland is mainly attributed to the functional expression of the Na+/I- Symporter (NIS) localized at the basolateral membrane of thyrocytes. In this paper, we review and summarize current data on molecular characterization, on structure and function of NIS protein, as well as on the transcriptional regulation of NIS encoding gene in the thyroid gland. We also propose that a better and more precise understanding of NIS gene regulation at the molecular level in both healthy and malignant thyroid cells may lead to the identification of small molecule candidates. These could then be translated into clinical practice for better induction and more effective modulation of radioiodine uptake in dedifferentiated thyroid cancer cells and in their distant metastatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Uygar Halis Tazebay
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kocaeli, Turkey, Phone: +90 262 605 25 22, E-mail:
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39
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Shi XZ, Xue L, Jin X, Xu P, Jia S, Shen HM. Different expression of sodium-iodide importer (NIS) between lactating breast and thyroid tissues may be due to structural difference of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:41-48. [PMID: 27531173 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) binds TSH receptor (TSHR) on thyroid cell membranes, which will lead activation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathway. Through this pathway, TSHR regulates the expression of sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) to complete iodine intake. In recent studies, it is found that TSHR is widely expressed in a variety of extra-thyroidal tissues. TSHR expressions as well as distribution in normal mammary gland tissues have not been reported. The physiological mechanism of the TSHR in the extra-thyroidal tissues has also been controversial. METHODS In this study, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to characterize the expression distribution of TSHR protein in lactating breast. DNA sequence of TSHR cDNA from mice lactating breast was determined and then compared with TSHR cDNA from mice thyroidal tissue. RESULTS A 173 amino acid (AA) fragment deletion was found in the extra-cellular domain of lactating breast TSHR. The expression levels of NIS mRNA were compared between two tissues, and the level of NIS mRNA in lactating breasts was lower than the one in thyroidal tissues. CONCLUSION The lower expression of NIS in lactating breast may be due to the 173 AA deletion in the TSHR resulting the lower binding of TSH to the TSHR. For the first time, this finding may explain the reason of the lower NIS expression in lactating breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-Z Shi
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - L Xue
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China
| | - X Jin
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China
| | - P Xu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China
| | - S Jia
- R.D. Center, PacificBio Inc., Irvine, CA, 92602, USA
| | - H-M Shen
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University; Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618504), Harbin, 150081, China.
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Kim MJ, Oh SW, Youn H, Na J, Kang KW, Park DJ, Park YJ, Jang JJ, Lee KE, Jung KC, Chung JK. Thyroid-Related Protein Expression in the Human Thymus. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:8159892. [PMID: 28386277 PMCID: PMC5353971 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8159892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioiodine whole body scan (WBS), related to sodium iodide symporter (NIS) function, is widely used to detect recurrence/metastasis in postoperative patients with thyroid cancer. However, the normal thymic uptake of radioiodine has occasionally been observed in young patients. We evaluated the expression of thyroid-related genes and proteins in the human thymus. Thymic tissues were obtained from 22 patients with thyroid cancer patients of all ages. The expression of NIS, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), thyroperoxidase (TPO), and thyroglobulin (Tg) was investigated using immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. NIS and TSHR were expressed in 18 (81.8%) and 19 samples (86.4%), respectively, whereas TPO was expressed in five samples (22.7%). Three thyroid-related proteins were localized to Hassall's corpuscles and thymocytes. In contrast, Tg was detected in a single patient (4.5%) localized to vascular endothelial cells. The expression of thyroid-related proteins was not increased in young thymic tissues compared to that in old thymic tissues. In conclusion, the expression of NIS and TSHR was detected in the majority of normal thymus samples, whereas that of TPO was detected less frequently, and that of Tg was detected rarely. The increased thymic uptake of radioiodine in young patients is not due to the increased expression of NIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Won Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Imaging Center, Seoul National University Cancer Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juri Na
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Joon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja June Jang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Kyu Eun Lee: and
| | - Kyeong Cheon Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *June-Key Chung:
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Development of a screening approach to detect thyroid disrupting chemicals that inhibit the human sodium iodide symporter (NIS). Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 40:66-78. [PMID: 27979590 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. EPA's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program aims to use high-throughput assays and computational toxicology models to screen and prioritize chemicals that may disrupt the thyroid signaling pathway. Thyroid hormone biosynthesis requires active iodide uptake mediated by the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS). Monovalent anions, such as the environmental contaminant perchlorate, are competitive inhibitors of NIS, yet limited information exists for more structurally diverse chemicals. A novel cell line expressing human NIS, hNIS-HEK293T-EPA, was used in a radioactive iodide uptake (RAIU) assay to identify inhibitors of NIS-mediated iodide uptake. The RAIU assay was optimized and performance evaluated with 12 reference chemicals comprising known NIS inhibitors and inactive compounds. An additional 39 chemicals including environmental contaminants were evaluated, with 28 inhibiting RAIU over 20% of that observed for solvent controls. Cell viability assays were performed to assess any confounding effects of cytotoxicity. RAIU and cytotoxic responses were used to calculate selectivity scores to group chemicals based on their potential to affect NIS. RAIU IC50 values were also determined for chemicals that displayed concentration-dependent inhibition of RAIU (≥50%) without cytotoxicity. Strong assay performance and highly reproducible results support the utilization of this approach to screen large chemical libraries for inhibitors of NIS-mediated iodide uptake.
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Son HY, Jeon YH, Chung JK, Kim CW. In vivo monitoring of transfected DNA, gene expression kinetics, and cellular immune responses in mice immunized with a human NIS gene-expressing plasmid. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 29:612-625. [PMID: 27612483 PMCID: PMC5806837 DOI: 10.1177/0394632016659493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In assessing the effectiveness of DNA vaccines, it is important to monitor: (1) the kinetics of target gene expression in vivo; and (2) the movement of cells that become transfected with the plasmid DNA used in the immunization of a subject. In this study, we used, as a visual imaging marker, expression of the transfected human sodium/iodide symporter (hNIS) gene, which enhances intracellular radio-pertechnetate (TcO4-) accumulation. After intradermal (i.d.) and systemic injection of mice with pcDNA-hNIS and radioactive Technetium-99m (Tc-99m), respectively, whole-body images were obtained by nuclear scintigraphy. The migration of mice cells transfected with the hNIS gene was monitored over a 2-week period by gamma-radioactivity counting of isolated cell populations and was demonstrated in peripheral lymphoid tissues, especially in the draining lymph nodes (dLNs). Beginning at 24 h after DNA inoculation and continuing for the 2-week monitoring period, hNIS-expressing cells were observed specifically in the T-cell-rich zones of the paracortical area of the dLNs. Over the same time period, high levels of INF-γ-secreting CD8 T-cells were found in the dLNs of the pcDNA-hNIS immunized mice. Tumor growth was also significantly retarded in the mice that received hNIS DNA immunization followed by inoculation with CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells that had been transfected with the rat NIS gene (rNIS), which is 93% homologous to the hNIS gene. In conclusion, mouse cells transfected with hNIS DNA after i.d. immunization were found to traffic to the dLNs, and hNIS gene expression in these cells continued for at least 2 weeks post immunization. Furthermore, sequential presentation of NIS DNA to T-cells by migratory antigen presenting cells could induce NIS DNA-specific Th1 immune responses and thus retard the growth of NIS-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Youn Son
- Department of Pathology, Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Jeon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Woo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Calil-Silveira J, Serrano-Nascimento C, Laconca RC, Schmiedecke L, Salgueiro RB, Kondo AK, Nunes MT. Underlying Mechanisms of Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Function Disruption by Chronic Iodine Excess in Rats. Thyroid 2016; 26:1488-1498. [PMID: 27461375 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis and is an important regulator of thyroid function. Chronic iodine deficiency leads to hypothyroidism, but iodine excess also impairs thyroid function causing hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and/or thyroiditis. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which exposure to chronic iodine excess impairs pituitary-thyroid axis function. METHODS Male Wistar rats were treated for two months with NaI (0.05% and 0.005%) or NaI+NaClO4 (0.05%) dissolved in drinking water. Hormone levels, gene expression, and thyroid morphology were analyzed later. RESULTS NaI-treated rats presented high levels of iodine in urine, increased serum thyrotropin levels, slightly decreased serum thyroxine/triiodothyronine levels, and a decreased expression of the sodium-iodide symporter, thyrotropin receptor, and thyroperoxidase mRNA and protein, suggesting a primary thyroid dysfunction. In contrast, thyroglobulin and pendrin mRNA and protein content were increased. Kidney and liver deiodinase type 1 mRNA expression was decreased in iodine-treated rats. Morphological studies showed larger thyroid follicles with higher amounts of colloid and increased amounts of connective tissue in the thyroid of iodine-treated animals. All these effects were prevented when perchlorate treatment was combined with iodine excess. CONCLUSIONS The present data reinforce and add novel findings about the disruption of thyroid gland function and the compensatory action of increased thyrotropin levels in iodine-exposed animals. Moreover, they draw attention to the fact that iodine intake should be carefully monitored, since both deficient and excessive ingestion of this trace element may induce pituitary-thyroid axis dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamile Calil-Silveira
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Serrano-Nascimento
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Cardoso Laconca
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Schmiedecke
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Barrera Salgueiro
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ayrton Kimidi Kondo
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
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Liko F, Hindré F, Fernandez-Megia E. Dendrimers as Innovative Radiopharmaceuticals in Cancer Radionanotherapy. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3103-3114. [PMID: 27608327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most commonly used cancer treatments, with an estimate of 40% success that could be improved further if more efficient targeting and retention of radiation at the tumor site were achieved. This review focuses on the use of dendrimers in radionanotherapy, an emerging technology aimed to improve the efficiency of radiotherapy by implementing nanovectorization, an already established praxis in drug delivery and diagnosis. The labeling of dendrimers with radionuclides also aims to reduce the dose of radiolabeled materials and, hence, their toxicity and tumor resistance. Examples of radiolabeled dendrimers with alpha, beta, and Auger electron emitters are commented, along with the use of dendrimers in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The conjugation of radiolabeled dendrimers to monoclonal antibodies for a more efficient targeting and the application of dendrimers in gene delivery radiotherapy are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flonja Liko
- INSERM U 1066, 'Micro et Nanomédecines biomimétiques - MINT', and Plateforme de Radiobiologie et d'IMagerie EXpérimentale, PRIMEX, SFR ICAT 4208, Université Angers, UMR-S1066, 49933 Angers, Cedex 9, France.,Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - François Hindré
- INSERM U 1066, 'Micro et Nanomédecines biomimétiques - MINT', and Plateforme de Radiobiologie et d'IMagerie EXpérimentale, PRIMEX, SFR ICAT 4208, Université Angers, UMR-S1066, 49933 Angers, Cedex 9, France
| | - Eduardo Fernandez-Megia
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , Jenaro de la Fuente s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Xia W, Li D, Wang G, Ni J, Zhuang J, Ha M, Wang J, Ye Y. Small activating RNA upregulates NIS expression: promising potential for hepatocellular carcinoma endoradiotherapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 23:333-340. [PMID: 27608773 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Currently, the clinical strategies available for the treatment of HCC remain insufficient for the poor prognosis. Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS)-based radioiodine therapy is proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCC. However, it is difficult for HCC cells to trap iodine for the lower expression of NIS. Small activating RNA (saRNA) is a newly identified small double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that can induce endogenous gene expression by targeting promoter sequences. Here, we designed an saRNA (saRNA-482) that targeted the NIS promoter sequences. In the cultured HepG2 cells and Hep3B cells, the expressions of NIS were upregulated after transfection of saRNA-482. In addition, the uptake of 125I increased in the cultured HepG2 and Hep3B cells transfected with saRNA-482. Furthermore, the cell viabilities were significantly inhibited in the saRNA-482-transfected HepG2 and Hep3B cells after 131I treatment. Meanwhile, the apoptosis of saRNA-482-transfected HepG2 and Hep3B cells significantly increased after 131I treatment. The results suggest that RNA activation-mediated upregulation of NIS may have an endoradiotherapeutic potential in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - D Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - G Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - J Ni
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zhuang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - M Ha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - J Wang
- President's Office of Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Ye
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Wen G, Pachner LI, Gessner DK, Eder K, Ringseis R. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins are regulators of the sodium/iodide symporter in mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9211-9226. [PMID: 27614840 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), which is essential for iodide concentration in the thyroid, is reported to be transcriptionally regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) in rat FRTL-5 thyrocytes. The SREBP are strongly activated after parturition and throughout lactation in the mammary gland of cattle and are important for mammary epithelial cell synthesis of milk lipids. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the NIS gene is regulated also by SREBP in mammary epithelial cells, in which NIS is functionally expressed during lactation. Regulation of NIS expression and iodide uptake was investigated by means of inhibition, silencing, and overexpression of SREBP and by reporter gene and DNA-binding assays. As a mammary epithelial cell model, the human MCF-7 cell line, a breast adenocarcinoma cell line, which shows inducible expression of NIS by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and unlike bovine mammary epithelial cells, is widely used to investigate the regulation of mammary gland NIS and NIS-specific iodide uptake, was used. Inhibition of SREBP maturation by treatment with 25-hydroxycholesterol (5 µM) for 48h reduced ATRA (1 µM)-induced mRNA concentration of NIS and iodide uptake in MCF-7 cells by approximately 20%. Knockdown of SREBP-1c and SREBP-2 by RNA interference decreased the mRNA and protein concentration of NIS by 30 to 50% 48h after initiating knockdown, whereas overexpression of nuclear SREBP (nSREBP)-1c and nSREBP-2 increased the expression of NIS in MCF-7 cells by 45 to 60%, respectively, 48h after initiating overexpression. Reporter gene experiments with varying length of NIS promoter reporter constructs revealed that the NIS 5'-flanking region is activated by nSREBP-1c and nSREBP-2 approximately 1.5- and 4.5-fold, respectively, and activation involves a SREBP-binding motif (SRE) at -38 relative to the transcription start site of the NIS gene. Gel shift assays using oligonucleotides spanning either the wild-type or the mutated SRE at -38 of the NIS 5'-flanking region showed that in vitro-translated nSREBP-1c and nSREBP-2 bind only the wild-type but not the mutated SRE at -38 of NIS. Collectively, the present results from cell culture experiments with human mammary epithelial MCF-7 cells and from genetic studies show for the first time that the NIS gene and iodide uptake are regulated by SREBP in cultured human mammary epithelial cells. Future studies are necessary to clarify if the regulation of NIS expression and iodide uptake by SREBP also applies to the lactating bovine mammary epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - L I Pachner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - D K Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - K Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - R Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
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Abstract
The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) mediates active I(-) transport in the thyroid-the first step in thyroid hormone biosynthesis-with a 2 Na(+): 1 I(-) stoichiometry. The two Na(+) binding sites (Na1 and Na2) and the I(-) binding site interact allosterically: when Na(+) binds to a Na(+) site, the affinity of NIS for the other Na(+) and for I(-) increases significantly. In all Na(+)-dependent transporters with the same fold as NIS, the side chains of two residues, S353 and T354 (NIS numbering), were identified as the Na(+) ligands at Na2. To understand the cooperativity between the substrates, we investigated the coordination at the Na2 site. We determined that four other residues-S66, D191, Q194, and Q263-are also involved in Na(+) coordination at this site. Experiments in whole cells demonstrated that these four residues participate in transport by NIS: mutations at these positions result in proteins that, although expressed at the plasma membrane, transport little or no I(-) These residues are conserved throughout the entire SLC5 family, to which NIS belongs, suggesting that they serve a similar function in the other transporters. Our findings also suggest that the increase in affinity that each site displays when an ion binds to another site may result from changes in the dynamics of the transporter. These mechanistic insights deepen our understanding not only of NIS but also of other transporters, including many that, like NIS, are of great medical relevance.
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Chen XY, Lin CH, Yang LH, Li WG, Zhang JW, Zheng WW, Wang X, Qian J, Huang JL, Lei YX. The Effect on Sodium/Iodide Symporter and Pendrin in Thyroid Colloid Retention Developed by Excess Iodide Intake. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 172:193-200. [PMID: 26660892 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that excess iodide can lead to thyroid colloid retention, a classic characteristic of iodide-induced goiter. However, the mechanism has not been fully unrevealed. Iodide plays an important role in thyroid function at multiple steps of thyroid colloid synthesis and transport among which sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and pendrin are essential. In our study, we fed female BALB/c mice with different concentrations of high-iodine water including group A (control group, 0 μg/L), group B (1500 μg/L), group C (3000 μg/L), group D (6000 μg/L), and group E (12,000 μg/L). After 7 months of feeding, we found that excess iodide could lead to different degrees of thyroid colloid retention. Besides, NIS and pendrin expression were downregulated in the highest dose group. The thyroid iodide intake function detected by urine iodine assay and thyroidal (125)I experiments showed that the urine level of iodine increased, while the iodine intake rate decreased when the concentration of iodide used in feeding water increased (all p < 0.05 vs. control group). In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated a reduction in the number of intracellular mitochondria of thyroid cells. Based on these findings, we concluded that the occurrence of thyroid colloid retention exacerbated by excess iodide was associated with the suppression of NIS and pendrin expression, providing an additional insight of the potential mechanism of action of excess iodide on thyroid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou, 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Hui Lin
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou, 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou, 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Gen Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Wei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou, 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wei Zheng
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou, 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou, 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Qian
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou, 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Luan Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou, 510182, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xiong Lei
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou, 510182, People's Republic of China.
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Khan MA, Fenton SE, Swank AE, Hester SD, Williams A, Wolf DC. A Mixture of Ammonium Perchlorate and Sodium Chlorate Enhances Alterations of the Pitutary-Thyroid Axis Caused by the Individual Chemicals in Adult Male F344 Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 33:776-83. [PMID: 16392172 DOI: 10.1080/01926230500449832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ammonium perchlorate (AP) and sodium chlorate (SC) have been detected in public drinking water supplies in many parts of the United States. These chemicals cause perturbations in pituitary-thyroid homeostasis in animals by competitively inhibiting iodide uptake, thus hindering the synthesis of thyroglobulin and reducing circulating T4 (thyroxine). Little is known about the short-term exposure effects of mixtures of perchlorate and chlorate. The present study investigated the potential for the response to a mixture of these chemicals on the pituitary-thyroid axis in rats to be greater than that induced by the individual chemicals. Adult male F-344 rats were exposed, via their drinking water, to the nominal concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10 mg/L AP or 10, 100, 1000 mg/L SC and their mixtures for 7 days. Serum T4 levels were significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced in rats following exposure to the mixtures, but not after exposure to the individual chemicals. Serum T3 (triiodothyronine) was not altered by treatment and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) was only increased after the high-dose chlorate treatment. Histological examination of the thyroid gland showed colloid depletion and hypertrophy of follicular epithelial cells in high-dose single chemical and all mixture-treated rats, while hyperplasia was observed only in some of the rats treated with mixtures (AP 10 + SC 100, AP 0.1 + SC 1000, and AP 10 + SC 1000 mg/L). These data suggest that short-term exposure to the mixture of AP and SC enhances the effect of either chemical alone on the pituitary-thyroid axis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moazzam A Khan
- National Research Council, Environmental Carcinogenesis Divisions, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Mittal K, Rafiq MA, Rafiullah R, Harripaul R, Ali H, Ayaz M, Aslam M, Naeem F, Amin-ud-din M, Waqas A, So J, Rappold GA, Vincent JB, Ayub M. Mutations in the genes for thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase cause thyroid dyshormonogenesis and autosomal-recessive intellectual disability. J Hum Genet 2016; 61:867-872. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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