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Kononova PA, Selyutina OY, Fomenko VV, Salakhutdinov NF, Polyakov NE. The mutual lipid-mediated effect of the transmembrane domain of SARS-CoV-2 E-protein and glycyrrhizin nicotinate derivatives on the localization in the lipid bilayer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 758:110080. [PMID: 38960345 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) is one of the active substances in licorice root. It exhibits antiviral activity against various enveloped viruses, for example, SARS-CoV-2. GA derivatives are promising biologically active compounds from perspective of developing broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Given that GA nicotinate derivatives (Glycyvir) demonstrate activity against various DNA- and RNA-viruses, a search for a possible mechanism of action of these compounds is required. In the present paper, the interaction of Glycyvir with the transmembrane domain of the SARS-CoV-2 E-protein (ETM) in a model lipid membrane was investigated by NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation. The lipid-mediated influence on localization of the SARS-CoV-2 E-protein by Glycyvir was observed. The presence of Glycyvir leads to deeper immersion of the ETM in lipid bilayer. Taking into account that E-protein plays a significant role in virus production and takes part in virion assembly and budding, the data on the effect of potential antiviral agents on ETM localization and structure in the lipid environment may provide a basis for further studies of potential coronavirus E-protein inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina A Kononova
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Selyutina
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, 18 Kutateladze St., 630128, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Vladislav V Fomenko
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, 9 Lavrentiev Ave, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, 9 Lavrentiev Ave, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Polyakov
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 Institutskaya St., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, 18 Kutateladze St., 630128, Novosibirsk, Russia
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2
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Xing Y, Cui Y, Xu G, Qi C, Zhang M, Cheng G, Liu Y, Liu J. Protective effect of Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide on apoptosis and mitochondrial damage induced by pseudorabies virus in PK-15 cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:493-502. [PMID: 37310618 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have confirmed that Platycodon grandiflorus polysaccharide (PGPSt) has the effects of regulating immunity and anti-apoptosis, but its effect on mitochondrial damage and apoptosis caused by PRV infection is still unclear. In this research, the effects of PGPSt on the cell viability, mitochondria morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis caused by PRV based on PK-15 cells were respectively examined by CCK-F assay, Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos, JC-1 staining method and Western blot etc. CCK-F test results showed that PGPSt had a protective effect on the decrease of cell viability caused by PRV. The results of morphological observation found that PGPSt can improve mitochondrial morphology damage, mitochondrial swelling and thickening, and cristae fracture. Fluorescence staining test results showed that PGPSt alleviated the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis in infected cells. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins showed that PGPSt down-regulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and up-regulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in infected cells. These results indicated that PGPSt protected against PRV-induced PK-15 cell apoptosis by inhibiting mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Xing
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yukun Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Guanlong Xu
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Changxi Qi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Meihua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Guodong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yongxia Liu
- Research Center for Animal Disease Control Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Jianzhu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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3
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Wu CY, Yang YH, Lin YS, Shu LH, Cheng YC, Liu HT, Lin YY, Lee IY, Shih WT, Yang PR, Tsai YY, Chang GH, Hsu CM, Yeh RA, Wu YH, Wu YH, Shen RC, Tsai MS. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect and mechanism of Chiehyuan herbal oral protection solution. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17701. [PMID: 37483781 PMCID: PMC10359827 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chiehyuan herbal oral protection solution (GB-2) is a herbal mixture commonly utilized in Taiwan for combating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as per traditional Chinese medicine practices. This study assessed the clinical impact of GB-2 through prospective clinical trials. With twice-daily use for a week, GB-2 was shown to diminish the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in oral mucosal cells. Moreover, after two weeks of use, it could reduce transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMRPSS2) expression in these cells. Additionally, in vitro experiments demonstrated that GB-2 lessened the entry efficiency of the Omicron, L452R-D614G, T478K-D614G, and L452R-T478K-D614G variants of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus. It also impeded the interaction between ACE2 and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) presenting N501Y-K417N-E484A-G339D-Q493R-G496S-Q498R and L452R-T478K mutations. Glycyrrhizic acid, a major compound in GB-2, also hindered the entry of the Omicron variant (BA.1) of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus by obstructing the binding between ACE2 and the RBD presenting the N501Y-K417N-E484A-G339D-Q493R-G496S-Q498R mutation. To sum up, these findings suggest that GB-2 can decrease ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in oral mucosal cells. Both glycyrrhizic acid and GB-2 were found to reduce the entry efficiency of the Omicron variant (BA.1) of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus and block the binding between ACE2 and the RBD with the N501Y-K417N-E484A-G339D-Q493R-G496S-Q498R mutation. This evidence implies that GB-2 might be a potential candidate for further study as a preventative measure against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shih Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Shu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Te Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Yin Lin
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - I-Yun Lee
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tai Shih
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Rung Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Tsai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Geng-He Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Reming-Albert Yeh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Heng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Chen Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shao Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Kononova PA, Selyutina OY, Polyakov NE. The Interaction of the Transmembrane Domain of SARS-CoV-2 E-Protein with Glycyrrhizic Acid in Lipid Bilayer. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050505. [PMID: 37233566 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of the transmembrane domain of SARS-CoV-2 E-protein with glycyrrhizic acid in a model lipid bilayer (small isotropic bicelles) is demonstrated using various NMR techniques. Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is the main active component of licorice root, and it shows antiviral activity against various enveloped viruses, including coronavirus. It is suggested that GA can influence the stage of fusion between the viral particle and the host cell by incorporating into the membrane. Using NMR spectroscopy, it was shown that the GA molecule penetrates into the lipid bilayer in a protonated state, but localizes on the bilayer surface in a deprotonated state. The transmembrane domain of SARS-CoV-2 E-protein facilitates deeper GA penetration into the hydrophobic region of bicelles at both acidic and neutral pH and promotes the self-association of GA at neutral pH. Phenylalanine residues of the E-protein interact with GA molecules inside the lipid bilayer at neutral pH. Furthermore, GA influences the mobility of the transmembrane domain of SARS-CoV-2 E-protein in the bilayer. These data provide deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of antiviral activity of glycyrrhizic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina A Kononova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Selyutina
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Polyakov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Institutskaya str. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Cai X, Shao Y, Wang Z, Xu Y, Ren Z, Fu L, Zhu Y. Antiviral activity of dandelion aqueous extract against pseudorabies virus both in vitro and in vivo. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1090398. [PMID: 36699332 PMCID: PMC9870063 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1090398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the most significant pathogens of swine. In recent years, the continual emergence of novel PRV variants has caused substantial economic losses in the global pig industry. PRV can infect humans leading to symptoms of acute encephalitis with implications for public health. Thus, new measures are urgently needed to prevent PRV infection. This study evaluated the anti-PRV capability of dandelion aqueous extract (DAE) in vitro and in vivo. DAE was found to inhibit the multiplication of the PRV TJ strain in PK15 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.2559 mg/mL and a selectivity index (SI) of 14.4. DAE inhibited the adsorption and replication stages of the PRV life cycle in vitro, and the expression of IE180, EP0, UL29, UL44, and UL52 was inhibited in the presence of DAE. In vivo experiment results of mice show that a 0.5 g/kg dose of DAE injected intraperitoneally protected 28.6% of the mice from the lethal challenge; decreased the viral load in the liver, lung, brain, heart, and kidney of PRV-infected mice; and attenuated brain damage caused by PRV infection. Furthermore, DAE could also ameliorate viral infection through regulation of the levels of cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-4) in PRV-infected mouse serum. These results demonstrated that DAE exhibited potent inhibitory capability against PRV infection in vitro and in vivo; DAE is therefore expected to be a candidate TCM herb for use against PRV infection.
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Bajrai LH, El-Kafrawy SA, Hassan AM, Tolah AM, Alnahas RS, Sohrab SS, Rehan M, Azhar EI. In vitro screening of anti-viral and virucidal effects against SARS-CoV-2 by Hypericum perforatum and Echinacea. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21723. [PMID: 36522420 PMCID: PMC9754313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum and Echinacea are reported to have antiviral activities against several viral infections. In this study, H. perforatum (St. John's Wort) and Echinacea were tested in vitro using Vero E6 cells for their anti-viral effects against the newly identified Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) through its infectious cycle from 0 to 48 h post infection. The hypericin of H. perforatum and the different parts (roots, seeds, aerial) of two types of Echinacea species (Echinacea purpurea and Echinacea angustifolia) were tested for their anti-viral activities to measure the inhibition of viral load using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on cell culture assay. Interestingly, the H. perforatum-Echinacea mixture (1:1 ratio) of H. perforatum and Echinacea was tested as well on SARS-CoV-2 and showed crucial anti-viral activity competing H. perforatum then Echinacea effects as anti-viral treatment. Therefore, the results H. perforatum and Echinacea species, applied in this study showed significant anti-viral and virucidal effects in the following order of potency: H. perforatum, H. perforatum-Echinacea mixture, and Echinacea on SARS-CoV-2 infectious cycle. Additionally, molecular simulation analysis of the compounds with essential proteins (Mpro and RdRp) of the SARS-CoV-2 revealed the most potent bioactive compounds such as Echinacin, Echinacoside, Cyanin, Cyanidin 3-(6''-alonylglucoside, Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, Proanthocyanidins, Rutin, Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, and Quercetin-3-O-xyloside. Thus, based on the outcome of this study, it is demanding the setup of clinical trial with specific therapeutic protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Hussein Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sherif Ali El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Majdi Tolah
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabig, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabie Saleh Alnahas
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Rehan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam Ibraheem Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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García-Salazar G, Urbán-Morlán Z, Mendoza-Elvira S, Quintanar-Guerrero D, Mendoza S. Broad Antiviral Spectrum of Glycyrrhizic Acid for Human and Veterinary Medicine: Reality or Fiction? Intervirology 2022; 66:41-53. [PMID: 36455522 PMCID: PMC10015762 DOI: 10.1159/000528198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging virus infections provoke health problems in people and animals, which generate social and economic issues worldwide. This has spurred the search for new pharmacological strategies to confront them. SUMMARY The purpose of this review is to draw the reader's attention to pharmacological evaluations of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and its analogs on the broad range of viruses known in human and veterinary medicine. GA is the main water-soluble constituent extracted from the roots of plants from the genus Glycyrrhiza, commonly known as licorice root. It has long been used due to its broad spectrum of bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, and antitumor properties. It has also been proposed as an antiviral agent. Medicines derived from GA are currently being used to combat acute and chronic hepatitis and herpes viruses. KEY MESSAGES This review suggests that GA could be a new broad-spectrum antiviral due to its ability to inhibit DNA or RNA viruses both in vitro and in vivo. GA could be a potential drug for preventing and/or treating various viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto García-Salazar
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico,
| | - Zaida Urbán-Morlán
- Facultad de Química, Centro de Información de Medicamentos, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Susana Mendoza-Elvira
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Virología de las Enfermedades Respiratorias del Cerdo, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - David Quintanar-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra Mendoza
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
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Ageeva AA, Kruppa AI, Magin IM, Babenko SV, Leshina TV, Polyakov NE. New Aspects of the Antioxidant Activity of Glycyrrhizin Revealed by the CIDNP Technique. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081591. [PMID: 36009310 PMCID: PMC9405345 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron transfer plays a crucial role in ROS generation in living systems. Molecular oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor in the respiratory chains of aerobic organisms. Two main mechanisms of antioxidant defense by exogenous antioxidants are usually considered. The first is the inhibition of ROS generation, and the second is the trapping of free radicals. In the present study, we have elucidated both these mechanisms of antioxidant activity of glycyrrhizin (GL), the main active component of licorice root, using the chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) technique. First, it was shown that GL is capable of capturing a solvated electron, thereby preventing its capture by molecular oxygen. Second, we studied the effect of glycyrrhizin on the behavior of free radicals generated by UV irradiation of xenobiotic, NSAID—naproxen in solution. The structure of the glycyrrhizin paramagnetic intermediates formed after the capture of a solvated electron was established from a photo-CIDNP study of the model system—the dianion of 5-sulfosalicylic acid and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra A. Ageeva
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Kruppa
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ilya M. Magin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Simon V. Babenko
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- International Tomography Center, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Leshina
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay E. Polyakov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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9
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Huan C, Xu Y, Zhang W, Ni B, Gao S. Glycyrrhiza Polysaccharide Inhibits Pseudorabies Virus Infection by Interfering with Virus Attachment and Internalization. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081772. [PMID: 36016393 PMCID: PMC9413916 DOI: 10.3390/v14081772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the most important pathogens causing serious diseases and leads to huge economic losses in the global swine industry. With the continuous emergence of PRV variants and the increasing number of cases of human infection, there is an urgent need to develop antiviral drugs. In this study, we discover that Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GCP) has anti-PRV infection activity in vitro, and 600 μg/mL GCP can completely block viral infection. The addition of GCP simultaneously with or after PRV infection had a significant inhibitory effect on PRV. Addition of GCP at different times of the virus life cycle mainly led to the inhibition of the attachment and internalization of PRV but does not affect viral replication and release. Our findings suggest that GCP has potential as a drug against PRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchao Huan
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bo Ni
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou 225009, China
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266011, China
- Correspondence:
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10
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Pseudorabies Virus: From Pathogenesis to Prevention Strategies. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081638. [PMID: 36016260 PMCID: PMC9414054 DOI: 10.3390/v14081638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies (PR), also called Aujeszky’s disease (AD), is a highly infectious viral disease which is caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV). It has been nearly 200 years since the first PR case occurred. Currently, the virus can infect human beings and various mammals, including pigs, sheep, dogs, rabbits, rodents, cattle and cats, and among them, pigs are the only natural host of PRV infection. PRV is characterized by reproductive failure in pregnant sows, nervous disorders in newborn piglets, and respiratory distress in growing pigs, resulting in serious economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Due to the extensive application of the attenuated vaccine containing the Bartha-K61 strain, PR was well controlled. With the variation of PRV strain, PR re-emerged and rapidly spread in some countries, especially China. Although researchers have been committed to the design of diagnostic methods and the development of vaccines in recent years, PR is still an important infectious disease and is widely prevalent in the global pig industry. In this review, we introduce the structural composition and life cycle of PRV virions and then discuss the latest findings on PRV pathogenesis, following the molecular characteristic of PRV and the summary of existing diagnosis methods. Subsequently, we also focus on the latest clinical progress in the prevention and control of PRV infection via the development of vaccines, traditional herbal medicines and novel small RNAs. Lastly, we provide an outlook on PRV eradication.
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Tian H, He B, Yin Y, Liu L, Shi J, Hu L, Jiang G. Chemical Nature of Metals and Metal-Based Materials in Inactivation of Viruses. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142345. [PMID: 35889570 PMCID: PMC9323642 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In response to the enormous threat to human survival and development caused by the large number of viruses, it is necessary to strengthen the defense against and elimination of viruses. Metallic materials have been used against viruses for thousands of years due to their broad-spectrum antiviral properties, wide sources and excellent physicochemical properties; in particular, metal nanoparticles have advanced biomedical research. However, researchers in different fields hold dissimilar views on the antiviral mechanisms, which has slowed down the antiviral application of metal nanoparticles. As such, this review begins with an exhaustive compilation of previously published work on the antiviral capacity of metal nanoparticles and other materials. Afterwards, the discussion is centered on the antiviral mechanisms of metal nanoparticles at the biological and physicochemical levels. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the strong reducibility of metal nanoparticles may be the main reason for their efficient inactivation of viruses. We hope that this review will benefit the promotion of metal nanoparticles in the antiviral field and expedite the construction of a barrier between humans and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; (H.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (G.J.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; (H.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (G.J.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; (H.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (G.J.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; (H.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (G.J.)
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; (H.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (G.J.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; (H.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (G.J.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Correspondence: author:
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, China; (H.T.); (B.H.); (Y.Y.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (G.J.)
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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12
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Huan C, Xu Y, Zhang W, Pan H, Zhou Z, Yao J, Guo T, Ni B, Gao S. Hippophae rhamnoides polysaccharides dampen pseudorabies virus infection through downregulating adsorption, entry and oxidative stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:454-463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Tsai MS, Shih WT, Yang YH, Lin YS, Chang GH, Hsu CM, Yeh RA, Shu LH, Cheng YC, Liu HT, Wu YH, Wu YH, Shen RC, Wu CY. Potential inhibitor for blocking binding between ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with mutations. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112802. [PMID: 35279013 PMCID: PMC8906167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
At the time of writing, more than 440 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and more than 5.97 million COVID-19 deaths worldwide have been reported by the World Health Organization since the start of the outbreak of the pandemic in Wuhan, China. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many variants of SARS-CoV-2 have arisen because of high mutation rates. N501Y, E484K, K417N, K417T, L452R and T478K in the receptor binding domain (RBD) region may increase the infectivity in several variants of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we discovered that GB-1, developed from Chiehyuan herbal formula which obtained from Tian Shang Sheng Mu of Chiayi Puzi Peitian Temple, can inhibit the binding between ACE2 and RBD with Wuhan type, K417N-E484K-N501Y and L452R-T478K mutation. In addition, GB-1 inhibited the binding between ACE2 and RBD with a single mutation (E484K or N501Y), except the K417N mutation. In the compositions of GB-1, glycyrrhizic acid can inhibit the binding between ACE2 and RBD with Wuhan type, except K417N-E484K-N501Y mutation. Our results suggest that GB-1 could be a potential candidate for the prophylaxis of different variants of SARS-CoV-2 infection because of its inhibition of binding between ACE2 and RBD with different mutations (L452R-T478K, K417N-E484K-N501Y, N501Y or E484K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shao Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tai Shih
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shih Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Geng-He Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Reming-Albert Yeh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Shu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Te Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Heng Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Chen Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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14
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Spuch C, López-García M, Rivera-Baltanás T, Cabrera-Alvargonzález JJ, Gadh S, Rodrigues-Amorim D, Álvarez-Estévez T, Mora A, Iglesias-Martínez-Almeida M, Freiría-Martínez L, Pérez-Rodríguez M, Pérez-González A, López-Domínguez A, Longueira-Suarez MR, Sousa-Domínguez A, Araújo-Ameijeiras A, Mosquera-Rodríguez D, Crespo M, Vila-Fernández D, Regueiro B, Olivares JM. Efficacy and Safety of Lithium Treatment in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:850583. [PMID: 35496309 PMCID: PMC9046673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.850583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
At the beginning of the pandemic, we observed that lithium carbonate had a positive effect on the recovery of severely ill patients with COVID-19. Lithium is able to inhibit the replication of several types of viruses, some of which are similar to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, increase the immune response and reduce inflammation by preventing or reducing the cytokine storm. Previously, we published an article with data from six patients with severe COVID-19 infection, where we proposed that lithium carbonate could be used as a potential treatment for COVID-19. Now, we set out to conduct a randomized clinical trial number EudraCT 2020–002008–37 to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lithium treatment in patients infected with severe SARS-CoV-2. We showed that lithium was able to reduce the number of days of hospital and intensive care unit admission as well as the risk of death, reduces inflammatory cytokine levels by preventing cytokine storms, and also reduced the long COVID syndromes. We propose that lithium carbonate can be used to reduce the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Spuch
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carlos Spuch,
| | - Marta López-García
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Tania Rivera-Baltanás
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - J. J Cabrera-Alvargonzález
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sudhir Gadh
- US Navy Medical Corps Commander, Medical Director at Educational Alliance, Medical Director at Rejuvenation Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniela Rodrigues-Amorim
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Norfolk, United States
| | - Tania Álvarez-Estévez
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Almudena Mora
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Iglesias-Martínez-Almeida
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
- Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luis Freiría-Martínez
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
- Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maite Pérez-Rodríguez
- Infectious Diseases Unit and Virology & Pathogenesis Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alexandre Pérez-González
- Infectious Diseases Unit and Virology & Pathogenesis Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana López-Domínguez
- Infectious Diseases Unit and Virology & Pathogenesis Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - María Rebeca Longueira-Suarez
- Infectious Diseases Unit and Virology & Pathogenesis Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Adrián Sousa-Domínguez
- Infectious Diseases Unit and Virology & Pathogenesis Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Araújo-Ameijeiras
- Infectious Diseases Unit and Virology & Pathogenesis Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - David Mosquera-Rodríguez
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
- Intensive Care Unit, Critical Care and Emergency Department, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel Crespo
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Dolores Vila-Fernández
- Intensive Care Unit, Critical Care and Emergency Department, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Benito Regueiro
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department Medicine and Odontology, Universidade de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Olivares
- Translational Neuroscience Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
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15
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Liu X, Chang X, Wu Q, Xu J, Chen L, Shen R, Hou X. Lithium chloride inhibits infectious bronchitis virus-induced apoptosis and inflammation. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105352. [PMID: 34883226 PMCID: PMC8648602 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) was caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, which leads to enormous economic losses in the poultry industry. Studies have shown that lithium chloride (LiCl) is a good virus inhibitor. Through cell culture, virus infection, and RT-qPCR, we found that LiCl could down-regulate the apoptosis-related genes Caspase-3 and Bax, up-regulate Bcl-2, and down-regulate the inflammatory-related genes (NF-κB, NLRP3, TNF-α, and IL-1β) via inhibiting virus replication. Finally, clinical trials showed that LiCl could inhibit IBV-induced apoptosis and inflammatory in chicken embryos as well as reduce the mortality and deformity rate of chicken embryos. The results showed that LiCl has antiviral activity against IBV and clinical effects. Further studies are required to explore the exact action mechanism of LiCl on IBV-induced apoptosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Liu
- Livestock and Poultry Healthy Breeding Research Sub-center of Biochip Beijing Engineering Research Center, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Chang
- Livestock and Poultry Healthy Breeding Research Sub-center of Biochip Beijing Engineering Research Center, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Wu
- Livestock and Poultry Healthy Breeding Research Sub-center of Biochip Beijing Engineering Research Center, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Livestock and Poultry Healthy Breeding Research Sub-center of Biochip Beijing Engineering Research Center, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Livestock and Poultry Healthy Breeding Research Sub-center of Biochip Beijing Engineering Research Center, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiting Shen
- Livestock and Poultry Healthy Breeding Research Sub-center of Biochip Beijing Engineering Research Center, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Hou
- Livestock and Poultry Healthy Breeding Research Sub-center of Biochip Beijing Engineering Research Center, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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16
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He H, Qiao D, Zhang L, Yao Y, Shao H, Qin A, Qian K. Antiviral Effect of Lithium Chloride on Replication of Marek's Disease Virus in Chicken Embryonic Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12375. [PMID: 34830257 PMCID: PMC8623539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the antiviral effect of lithium chloride (LiCl) on the replication of Marek's disease virus (MDV) in chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) cells, real-time PCR, Western blotting, plaque counting, and indirect immunofluorescence experiments were performed at different time points of LiCl treated CEF cells with virus infection. The results demonstrated that LiCl could affect multiple steps of virus replication and inhibit viral gene expression and protein synthesis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, LiCl could directly affect viral infectivity as well. In addition, LiCl significantly affected the gene expression of IFN-β related genes in virus-infected cells. These results indicate that LiCl significantly inhibits MDV replication and proliferation in CEF cells and it has the potential to be used as an antiviral agent against MDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng He
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.H.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (A.Q.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Dandan Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Lu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.H.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (A.Q.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK;
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.H.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (A.Q.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Aijian Qin
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.H.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (A.Q.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Kun Qian
- Ministry of Education Key Lab for Avian Preventive Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.H.); (L.Z.); (H.S.); (A.Q.)
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No. 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou 225009, China;
- The International Joint Laboratory for Cooperation in Agriculture and Agricultural Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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17
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Cao MX, Xie XD, Wang XR, Hu WY, Zhao Y, Chen Q, Ji L, Wei YY, Yu ML, Hu TJ. Separation, Purification, Structure Analysis, In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network on PRV-Infected RAW264.7 Cells of a Polysaccharide Derived from Arthrospira platensis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1689. [PMID: 34829559 PMCID: PMC8615255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the structure of Arthrospira platensis polysaccharide (PAP) (intracellular polysaccharide) and the antioxidant activity of the first component of PAP (PAP-1) on pseudorabies virus (PRV) -infected RAW264.7 cells. The PAP was separated and purified by the Cellulose DE-52 chromatography column and Sephacryl S-200 high-resolution gel column to obtain PAP-1. The antioxidant activity and regulation of PAP-1 on PRV-infected RAW264.7 cells of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network were investigated by chemical kit, Q-PCR, and ce-RNA seq. The results indicated that the molecular weight (Mw) of PAP-1, which was mainly composed of glucose and eight other monosaccharides, was 1.48 × 106 Da. The main glycosidic bond structure of PAP-1 was →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→. PAP-1 may be increased the antioxidant capacity by regulating the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in PRV-infected RAW264.7 cells. This study provided a scientific foundation for further exploring the antioxidant activity of PAP-1 based on its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Xia Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Dong Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Xin-Rui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Wen-Yue Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China;
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Lu Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Ying-Yi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Mei-Ling Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
| | - Ting-Jun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (M.-X.C.); (X.-D.X.); (X.-R.W.); (Y.Z.); (Q.C.); (L.J.); (Y.-Y.W.); (M.-L.Y.)
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18
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Diomede L, Beeg M, Gamba A, Fumagalli O, Gobbi M, Salmona M. Can Antiviral Activity of Licorice Help Fight COVID-19 Infection? Biomolecules 2021; 11:855. [PMID: 34201172 PMCID: PMC8227143 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytotherapeutic properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) extract are mainly attributed to glycyrrhizin (GR) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). Among their possible pharmacological actions, the ability to act against viruses belonging to different families, including SARS coronavirus, is particularly important. With the COVID-19 emergency and the urgent need for compounds to counteract the pandemic, the antiviral properties of GR and GA, as pure substances or as components of licorice extract, attracted attention in the last year and supported the launch of two clinical trials. In silico docking studies reported that GR and GA may directly interact with the key players in viral internalization and replication such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), spike protein, the host transmembrane serine protease 2, and 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease. In vitro data indicated that GR can interfere with virus entry by directly interacting with ACE2 and spike, with a nonspecific effect on cell and viral membranes. Additional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of GR cannot be excluded. These multiple activities of GR and licorice extract are critically re-assessed in this review, and their possible role against the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 and the features of COVID-19 disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Diomede
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (O.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Marten Beeg
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (O.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Alessio Gamba
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy;
| | - Oscar Fumagalli
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (O.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (O.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (O.F.); (M.G.)
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Tan L, Yao J, Yang Y, Luo W, Yuan X, Yang L, Wang A. Current Status and Challenge of Pseudorabies Virus Infection in China. Virol Sin 2021; 36:588-607. [PMID: 33616892 PMCID: PMC7897889 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies (PR), also called Aujeszky’s disease, is a highly infectious disease caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV). Without specific host tropism, PRV can infect a wide variety of mammals, including pig, sheep, cattle, etc., thereby causing severe clinical symptoms and acute death. PRV was firstly reported in China in 1950s, while outbreaks of emerging PRV variants have been documented in partial regions since 2011, leading to significant economic losses in swine industry. Although scientists have been devoting to the design of diagnostic approaches and the development of vaccines during the past years, PR remains a vital infectious disease widely prevalent in Chinese pig industry. Especially, its potential threat to human health has also attracted the worldwide attention. In this review, we will provide a summary of current understanding of PRV in China, mainly focusing on PRV history, the existing diagnosis methods, PRV prevalence in pig population and other susceptible mammals, molecular characteristics, and the available vaccines against its infection. Additionally, promising agents including traditional Chinese herbal medicines and novel inhibitors that may be employed to treat this viral infection, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Yunnan Tropical and Subtropical Animal Virus Diseases Laboratory, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Yadi Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Huaihua Vocational and Technical College, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Xiaomin Yuan
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lingchen Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Aibing Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal Model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University (HUNAU), Changsha, 410128, China.
- PCB Biotechnology LLC, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
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Antiviral Plants in View of Avicenna’s The Canon of Medicine and Modern Medicine Against Common Cold. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1328:99-121. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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21
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Hisham Shady N, Youssif KA, Sayed AM, Belbahri L, Oszako T, Hassan HM, Abdelmohsen UR. Sterols and Triterpenes: Antiviral Potential Supported by In-Silico Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E41. [PMID: 33375282 PMCID: PMC7823815 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The acute respiratory syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) caused severe panic all over the world. The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has already brought massive human suffering and major economic disruption and unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for COVID-19 so far. Herbal medicines and purified natural products can provide a rich resource for novel antiviral drugs. Therefore, in this review, we focused on the sterols and triterpenes as potential candidates derived from natural sources with well-reported in vitro efficacy against numerous types of viruses. Moreover, we compiled from these reviewed compounds a library of 162 sterols and triterpenes that was subjected to a computer-aided virtual screening against the active sites of the recently reported SARS-CoV-2 protein targets. Interestingly, the results suggested some compounds as potential drug candidates for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan Hisham Shady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, P.O. Box 61111, New Minia City, Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Khayrya A. Youssif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt; (A.M.S.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Lassaad Belbahri
- Laboratory of Soil Biology, University of Neuchatel, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland;
| | - Tomasz Oszako
- Departement of Forest Protection, Forest Research Institute, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland;
| | - Hossam M. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt; (A.M.S.); (H.M.H.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, P.O. Box 61111, New Minia City, Minia 61519, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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Chen H, Feng R, Muhammad I, Abbas G, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Huang X, Zhang R, Diao L, Wang X, Li G. Protective effects of hypericin against infectious bronchitis virus induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species in chicken embryo kidney cells. Poult Sci 2020; 98:6367-6377. [PMID: 31399732 PMCID: PMC7107269 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a coronavirus, causes infectious bronchitis leading to enormous economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide. Hypericin (HY) is an excellent compound that has been investigated in antiviral, antineoplastic, and antidepressant. To investigate the inhibition effect of HY on IBV infection in chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells, 3 different experimental designs: pre-treatment of cells prior to IBV infection, direct treatment of IBV-infected cells, and pre-treatment of IBV prior to cell infection were used. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy were performed and virus titer was determined by TCID50. The results revealed that HY had a good anti-IBV effect when HY directly treated the IBV-infected cells, and virus infectivity decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, HY inhibited IBV-induced apoptosis in CEK cells, and significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of Fas, FasL, JNK, Bax, Caspase 3, and Caspase 8, and significantly increased Bcl-2 mRNA expression level in CEK cells. In addition, HY treatment could decrease IBV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in CEK cells. These results suggested that HY showed potential antiviral activities against IBV infection involving the inhibition of apoptosis and ROS generation in CEK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.,College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ishfaq Muhammad
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yudong Ren
- College of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lei Diao
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Xiurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guangxing Li
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Lithium chloride confers protection against viral myocarditis via suppression of coxsackievirus B3 virus replication. Microb Pathog 2020; 144:104169. [PMID: 32205210 PMCID: PMC7102605 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a type of inflammation affecting myocardial cells caused by viral infection and has been an important cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) worldwide. Type B3 coxsackievirus (CVB3), a non-enveloped positive-strand RNA virus of the Enterovirus genus, is one of most common agent of viral myocarditis. Till now, effective treatments for VMC are lacking due to lack of drugs or vaccine. Lithium chloride (LiCl) is applied in the clinical management of manic depressive disorders. Accumulating evidence have demonstrated that LiCl, also as an effective antiviral drug, exhibited antiviral effects for specific viruses. However, there are few reports of evaluating LiCl's antiviral effect in mice model. Here, we investigated the inhibitory influence of LiCl on the CVB3 replication in vitro and in vivo and the development of CVB3-induced VMC. We found that LiCl significantly suppressed CVB3 replication in HeLa via inhibiting virus-induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, LiCl treatment in vivo obviously inhibited virus replication within the myocardium and alleviated CVB3-induced acute myocarditis. Collectively, our data demonstrated that LiCl inhibited CVB3 replication and negatively regulated virus-triggered inflammatory responses. Our finding further expands the antiviral targets of LiCl and provides an alternative agent for viral myocarditis.
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Tong C, Chen Z, Liu F, Qiao Y, Chen T, Wang X. Antiviral activities of Radix isatidis polysaccharide against pseudorabies virus in swine testicle cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:48. [PMID: 32046705 PMCID: PMC7076820 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radix isatidis has been used in China and other Asian countries for its antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects for thousands of years. However, the antiviral effect of Radix isatidis polysaccharide against pseudorabies virus (PRV) is still unknown. Methods The polysaccharide were isolated from extract of the roots of Radix isatidis. MTT assays were used to determine the preventive effect, inhibitory effect and antiviral effect of Radix isatidis polysaccharide on PRV in vitro. Results This study found that different concentrations of polysaccharides from this plant can inhibit PRV replication by 14.674–30.840%, prevent infection at rates of 6.668–14.923%, and kill this virus at rates of 32.214–67.422%. Conclusion These results broaden the understanding of this traditional Chinese herb and provide a theoretical basis for further research. Moreover, Radix isatidis polysaccharide could be used for antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,Wuhu Overseas Student Pioneer Park, Wuhu, 241006, China
| | - Zewen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yanyan Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Tong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China. .,Key Laboratory for Animal-Derived Food Safety of Henan province, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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He W, Zhai X, Su J, Ye R, Zheng Y, Su S. Antiviral Activity of Germacrone against Pseudorabies Virus in Vitro. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040258. [PMID: 31766701 PMCID: PMC6963304 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a member of the Herpesviridae, is the causative agent of an acute infectious disease in a variety of animals. The emergence of a novel variant strain brought huge economic losses to the pig industry since classical vaccine strains were not completely effective against variant strains. Therefore, the development of new anti-pseudorabies virus drugs and vaccines is of great significance for the treatment and prevention of pseudorabies. In this study, we found that germacrone, one of the major components of the essential oils extracted from Rhizoma Curcuma, was able to effectively inhibit PRV replication in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Germacrone showed antiviral activity against PRV in the early phase of the viral replication cycle. Moreover, we found that germacrone does not directly kill the virus, nor does it affect the expression of the PRV receptor protein nectin-1, nectin-2, and CD155. Our results suggest germacrone could be used as an efficient microbicide or immunomodulatory agent in the control of the emerging variant PRV.
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26
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Chen H, Muhammad I, Zhang Y, Ren Y, Zhang R, Huang X, Diao L, Liu H, Li X, Sun X, Abbas G, Li G. Antiviral Activity Against Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Bioactive Components of Hypericum perforatum L. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1272. [PMID: 31736754 PMCID: PMC6830131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L., also known as Saint John’s Wort, has been well studied for its chemical composition and pharmacological activity. In this study, the antiviral activities of H. perforatum on infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for the first time. The results of in vitro experiments confirmed that the antiviral component of H. perforatum was ethyl acetate extraction section (HPE), and results showed that treatment with HPE significantly reduced the relative messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and virus titer of IBV, and reduced positive green immunofluorescence signal of IBV in chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells. HPE treatment at doses of 480–120 mg/kg for 5 days, reduced IBV induced injury in the trachea and kidney, moreover, reduced the mRNA expression level of IBV in the trachea and kidney in vivo. The mRNA expression levels of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) significantly decreased, but melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), mitochondrial antiviral signaling gene, interferon alpha (IFN-α), and interferon beta (IFN-β) mRNA levels significantly increased in vitro and in vivo. Our findings demonstrated that HPE had significant anti-IBV effects in vitro and in vivo, respectively. In addition, it is possible owing to up-regulate mRNA expression of type I interferon through the MDA5 signaling pathway and down-regulate mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, the mainly active compositions of HPE analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization–mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) are hyperoside, quercitrin, quercetin, pseudohypericin, and hypericin, and a combination of these compounds could mediate the antiviral activities. This might accelerate our understanding of the antiviral effect of H. perforatum and provide new insights into the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Ishfaq Muhammad
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yudong Ren
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Diao
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Haixin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xunliang Li
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangxing Li
- Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Antiviral Effect of Lithium Chloride and Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate on Porcine Deltacoronavirus In Vitro. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8030144. [PMID: 31505777 PMCID: PMC6789623 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging global swine virus that has a propensity for interspecies transmission. It was identified in Hong Kong in 2012. Given that neither specific antiviral drugs nor vaccines are available for newly emerging porcine deltacoronavirus, searching for effective antiviral drugs is a high priority. In this study, lithium chloride (LiCl) and diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), which are host-acting antivirals (HAAs), were tested against PDCoV. We found that LiCl and DG inhibited PDCoV replication in LLC-PK1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The antiviral effects of LiCl and DG occurred at the early stage of PDCoV replication, and DG also inhibited virus attachment to the cells. Moreover, both drugs inhibited PDCoV-induced apoptosis in LLC-PK1 cells. This study suggests LiCl and DG as new drugs for the treatment of PDCoV infection.
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Hu H, Guo N, Chen S, Guo X, Liu X, Ye S, Chai Q, Wang Y, Liu B, He Q. Antiviral activity of Piscidin 1 against pseudorabies virus both in vitro and in vivo. Virol J 2019; 16:95. [PMID: 31366370 PMCID: PMC6670175 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Swine-origin virus infection spreading widely could cause significant economic loss to porcine industry. Novel antiviral agents need to be developed to control this situation. Methods In this study, we evaluated the activities of five broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) against several important swine-origin pathogenic viruses by TCID50 assay. Plaque reduction assay and cell apoptosis assay were also used to test the activity of the peptides. Protection effect of piscidin against pseudorabies virus (PRV) was also examined in mouse model. Results Piscidin (piscidin 1), caerin (caerin 1.1) and maculatin (maculatin 1.1) could inhibit PRV by direct interaction with the virus particles in a dose-dependent manner and they could also protect the cells from PRV-induced apoptosis. Among the peptides tested, piscidin showed the strongest activity against PRV. Moreover, in vivo assay showed that piscidin can reduce the mortality of mice infected with PRV. Conclusion In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that piscidin has antiviral activity against PRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Nan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Pig health substantial innovation center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaozhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyi Ye
- Pig health substantial innovation center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingqing Chai
- Feinberg school of medicine, northwestern university, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Binlei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,Pig health substantial innovation center, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Glycyrrhizic acid as a multifunctional drug carrier - From physicochemical properties to biomedical applications: A modern insight on the ancient drug. Int J Pharm 2019; 559:271-279. [PMID: 30690130 PMCID: PMC7126914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), saponin of licorice shows wide range of biological activity. Mechanism of GA activity on the cell and molecular level is rarely discussed. GA activity could be caused by the cell membrane modification.
Glycyrrhizic acid is the main active component of Licorice root which has been known in traditional Chinese and Japanese medicine since ancient times. In these cultures glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is one of the most frequently used drugs. However, only in 21-st century a novel unusual property of the GA to enhance the activity of other drugs has been discovered. The review describes briefly the experimental evidences of wide spectrum of own biological activities of glycyrrhizic acid as well as discusses the possible mechanisms of the ability of GA to enhance the activity of other drugs. We have shown that due to its amphiphilic nature GA is able to form self-associates in aqueous and non-aqueous media, as well as water soluble complexes with a wide range of lipophilic drugs. The main purpose of our review is to focus reader's attention on physicochemical studies of the molecular mechanisms of GA activity as a drug delivery system (DDS). In our opinion, the most intriguing feature of glycyrrhizic acid which might be the key factor in its therapeutic activity is the ability of GA to incorporate into the lipid bilayer and to increase the membrane fluidity and permeability. The ability of biomolecules and their aggregates to change the properties of cell membranes is of great significance, from both fundamental and practical points of view.
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Zhou M, Wu X, Jiang D, Sui C, Chen L, Cong X, Xin X, Wang G, Li Y, Tian F, Chen Z, Zhang H, Qi J, Wang Z, Wu J, Shan H, Du Y. Characterization of a moderately pathogenic pseudorabies virus variant isolated in China, 2014. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 68:161-171. [PMID: 30572029 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we reported a moderately pathogenic pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant isolated from one Bartha-K61-vaccinated pig farm in Weifang, Shandong Province, China, 2014. The sick piglets in the farm were characterized by anorexia, weight loss and neurologic symptoms but did not die. Sequence alignment of the gE gene indicated that it belonged to a new mutated PRV strain and about 15% amino acid sites had mutations, deficiencies and insertions compared to the other PRV strains. The gD gene had two amino acid insertions and ten amino acid mutations in comparison with the Bartha-K61 vaccine strain. The TK and gM genes were the same as one highly pathogenic PRV TJ strain. Evidence from virus isolation, laboratory challenge, serological detection and histopathologic examination confirmed that the etiological agent of the disease is PRV SD1404, which is a moderately pathogenic strain and causes piglets to be sick but not to die. PRV SD1404 strain is different from other reports and should be paid more attention to avoid economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhou
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 8, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiangju Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 8, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 8, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chao Sui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 8, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 8, Jinan 250100, China; College of life science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 8, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xu Xin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guisheng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Fulin Tian
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 8, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 8, Jinan 250100, China; College of life science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Zhao Wang
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, 8 Nandajie, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 8, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Yijun Du
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sangyuan Road No. 8, Jinan 250100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; College of life science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:288-294. [PMID: 29547727 PMCID: PMC7111825 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the Coronaviridae family, causes acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality rates in neonatal piglets. Severe outbreaks of PEDV variants have re-emerged in Asia and North America since 2010, causing tremendous economic losses to the swine industry. The lack of effective therapeutic treatment promotes the research for new antivirals. Lithium chloride (LiCl) has been reported as a potential antiviral drug for certain viruses. In this study, the antiviral effect of LiCl on PEDV in Vero cells was evaluated. Real-time quantitative PCR and indirect immunofluorescence assay indicated that LiCl effectively inhibited the entry and replication of PEDV in Vero cells. The expression of viral RNA and protein of PEDV in Vero cells was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by LiCl. Moreover, addition of LiCl inhibited both early and late cell apoptosis induced by PEDV. Our data implied that LiCl could be a potential antiviral drug against PEDV infection. Further studies are required to explore the antiviral effect of lithium chloride on PEDV infection in vivo.
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Shi HJ, Song HB, Wang L, Xiao SX, Bo KP, Ma W. The synergy of diammonium glycyrrhizinate remarkably reduces the toxicity of oxymatrine in ICR mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:19-25. [PMID: 29080454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Most traditional Chinese medicine prescription dosages are imprecise. This study analyzes the toxicities and adverse effects of a combination the active ingredients of licorice and Kushen medicine: oxymatrine (OMT) and diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG). The median lethal dose (LD50) and mortality were analyzed in single-dose OMT (or DG) intraperitoneally injected mice with or without combination DG (or OMT). Body weight changes as well as levels of serum sodium and potassium, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine, and urea were measured in mice treated with a daily dose of OMT and/or DG for 14days. This study showed that the LD50 of OMT for males and females were 347.44 and 429.15mg/kg, respectively. The LD50 of DG were 525.10 and 997.26mg/kg for males and females, respectively. DG significantly decreased the mice LD50-induced mortality of the OMT, however OMT did not succeed in reducing the LD50-induced mortality rate of DG. The combination of OMT and DG obviously attenuated the changes of the body weight, serum sodium, and potassium induced by DG or OMT alone. These results suggested that toxicity and adverse effects of the OMT was significantly attenuated by DG. The OMT neutralized the adverse effects of the DG, but not the toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Shi
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi'an, Shanxi Province, 710004, China; Department of Dermatovenereology, Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China.
| | - Hong-Bin Song
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China.
| | - Sheng-Xiang Xiao
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xibei Hospital), Xi'an, Shanxi Province, 710004, China.
| | - Kai-Ping Bo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, China.
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Öztürk M, Altay V, Hakeem KR, Akçiçek E. Economic Importance. LIQUORICE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7120331 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74240-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of liquorice in treating chills, colds, and coughs have been fully discussed in Ayurveda, as well as in the texts of ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The plant has been prescribed for dropsy during the period of famous Hippocrates. The reason being that it was quite helpful as thirst-quenching drugs (Biondi et al. in J Nat Prod 68:1099–1102, 2005; Mamedov and Egamberdieva in Herbals and human health-phytochemistry. Springer Nature Publishers, 41 pp, 2017). No doubt, the clinical use of liquorice in modern medicine started around 1930; Pedanios Dioscorides of Anazarba (Adana), first century AD-Father of Pharmacists, mentions that it is highly effective in the treatment of stomach and intestinal ulcers. In Ayurveda, people in ancient Hindu culture have used it for improving sexual vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Münir Öztürk
- Department of Botany and Center for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Altay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eren Akçiçek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Chen Y, Kong D, Cai G, Jiang Z, Jiao Y, Shi Y, Li H, Wang C. Novel antiviral effect of lithium chloride on mammalian orthoreoviruses in vitro. Microb Pathog 2016; 93:152-7. [PMID: 26835657 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reovirus not only causes considerable economic loss in the swine industry of the United States and other countries, but also threatens the public health due to its zoonotic potential. According to previous reports, LiCl has antiviral activity against a number of viruses. The inhibitory effects of LiCl on reovirus life cycle in Vero cells were evaluated. The unpaired t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the differences between experimental groups. We first found that LiCl treatment significantly inhibited reovirus replication in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that this antiviral activity of LiCl targets the early stage of viral replication. LiCl could be a potential drug against reovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deyang Kong
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiren Jiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaqin Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zouharova D, Lipenska I, Fojtikova M, Kulich P, Neca J, Slany M, Kovarcik K, Turanek-Knotigova P, Hubatka F, Celechovska H, Masek J, Koudelka S, Prochazka L, Eyer L, Plockova J, Bartheldyova E, Miller AD, Ruzek D, Raska M, Janeba Z, Turanek J. Antiviral activities of 2,6-diaminopurine-based acyclic nucleoside phosphonates against herpesviruses: In vitro study results with pseudorabies virus (PrV, SuHV-1). Vet Microbiol 2016; 184:84-93. [PMID: 26854349 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PrV), a causative agent of Aujeszky's disease, is deadly to most mammals with the exception of higher primates and men. This disease causes serious economic loses among farm animals, especially pigs, yet many European countries are today claimed to be Aujeszky's disease free because of the discovery of an efficient vaccination for pigs. In reality, the virus is still present in wild boar. Current vaccines are neither suitable for dogs nor are there anti-PrV drugs approved for veterinary use. Therefore, the disease still represents a high threat, particularly for expensive hunting dogs that can come into close contact with infected boars. Here we report on the anti-PrV activities of a series of synthetic diaminopurine-based acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (DAP-ANP) analogues. Initially, all synthetic DAP-ANPs under investigation are shown to exhibit minimal cytotoxicity by MTT and XTT tests (1-100μM range). Thereafter in vitro infection models are established using PrV virus SuHV-1, optimized on PK-15 and RK-13 cell lines. Out of the six DAP-ANP analogues tested, analogue VI functionalized with a cyclopropyl group on the 6-amino position of the purine ring proves the most effective antiviral DAP-ANP analogue against PrV infection, aided by sufficient hydrophobic character to enhance bioavailability to its cellular target viral DNA-polymerase. Four other DAP-ANP analogues with functional groups introduced to the C2'position are shown ineffective against PrV infection, even with favourable hydrophobic properties. Cidofovir(®), a drug approved against various herpesvirus infections, is found to exert only low activity against PrV in these same in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Zouharova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Lipenska
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Fojtikova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kulich
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neca
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Slany
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kovarcik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Frantisek Hubatka
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Celechovska
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Masek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Koudelka
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Annés University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomir Prochazka
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Eyer
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Plockova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Bartheldyova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew D Miller
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, London, United Kingdom, and GlobalAcorn Ltd., London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Raska
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic; Palacky University of Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Turanek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Wu H, Zhang X, Liu C, Liu D, Liu J, Tian J, Qu L. Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on feline calicivirus in vitro. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2935-43. [PMID: 26239340 PMCID: PMC7086906 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious pathogen that causes oral and upper respiratory tract disease in cats. Despite widespread vaccination, the prevalence of FCV remains high. Furthermore, a high gene mutation rate has led to the emergence of variants, and some infections are lethal. To date, there is no effective antiviral drug available for treating FCV infection. Here, we show that lithium chloride (LiCl) effectively suppresses the replication of FCV strain F9 in Crandell-Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells. The antiviral activity of LiCl occurred primarily during the early stage of infection and in a dose-dependent manner. LiCl treatment also inhibited the cytopathic effect. LiCl treatment exhibited a strong inhibitory effect against a panel of other two reference strains and two recent FCV isolates from China. These results demonstrate that LiCl might be an effective anti-FCV drug for controlling FCV disease. Further studies are required to explore the antiviral activity of LiCl against FCV replication in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dafei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liandong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri-Asl M. Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1868-86. [PMID: 26462981 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of various species of the perennial herb licorice (Glycyrrhiza) are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. In experimental and clinical studies, licorice has been shown to have several pharmacological properties including antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antidiabetic, antiasthma, and anticancer activities as well as immunomodulatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. In recent years, several of the biochemical, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of licorice and its active components have also been demonstrated in experimental studies. In this review, we summarized the new phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological data from recent experimental and clinical studies of licorice and its bioactive constituents after our previous published review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 341197-5981, Qazvin, Iran
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Antiviral effect of lithium chloride on infection of cells by canine parvovirus. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2799-805. [PMID: 26315688 PMCID: PMC7086605 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 causes significant viral disease in dogs, with high morbidity, high infectivity, and high mortality. Lithium chloride is a potential antiviral drug for viruses. We determined the antiviral effect of Lithium Chloride on canine parvovirus type 2 in feline kidney cells. The viral DNA and proteins of canine parvovirus were suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by lithium chloride. Further investigation verified that viral entry into cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by lithium chloride. These results indicated that lithium chloride could be a potential antiviral drug for curing dogs with canine parvovirus infection. The specific steps of canine parvovirus entry into cells that are affected by lithium chloride and its antiviral effect in vivo should be explored in future studies.
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Wang L, Yang R, Yuan B, Liu Y, Liu C. The antiviral and antimicrobial activities of licorice, a widely-used Chinese herb. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:310-5. [PMID: 26579460 PMCID: PMC4629407 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Licorice is a common herb which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. More than 20 triterpenoids and nearly 300 flavonoids have been isolated from licorice. Recent studies have shown that these metabolites possess many pharmacological activities, such as antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and other activities. This paper provides a summary of the antiviral and antimicrobial activities of licorice. The active components and the possible mechanisms for these activities are summarized in detail. This review will be helpful for the further studies of licorice for its potential therapeutic effects as an antiviral or an antimicrobial agent.
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Key Words
- Antimicrobial
- Antiviral
- CCEC, cerebral capillary vessel endothelial
- CCL5, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5
- CVA16, coxsackievirus A16
- CVB3, coxsackievirus B3
- CXCL10, chemokine, (C-X-C motif) ligand 10
- Chalcone
- DGC, dehydroglyasperin C
- DHV, duck hepatitis virus
- EV71, enterovirus 71
- GA, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid
- GATS, glycyrrhizic acid trisodium salt
- GL, glycyrrhizin
- GLD, glabridin
- Glycyrrhetinic acid
- Glycyrrhizin
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCV, hepatitis C virus
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HMGB1, high-mobility-group box1
- HRSV, human respiratory syncytial virus
- HSV, herpes simplex virus
- HSV1, herpes simplex virus type 1
- IFN, interferon
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- ISL, isoliquiritigenin
- LCA, licochalcone A
- LCE, licochalcone E
- LTG, liquiritigenin
- Licorice
- MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- MSSA, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
- MgIG, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate
- PMN, polymorph nuclear
- PrV, pseudorabies virus
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
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Wang Z, Jiyuan Y, Su C, Xinyuan Q, Lijie T, Yijing L. Development of an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for virus detection based on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus monoclonal antibodies. Viral Immunol 2015; 28:184-9. [PMID: 25658793 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2014.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a coronavirus, can cause acute diarrhea and dehydration in pigs. In the current study, two positive monoclonal cell lines (5D7 and 3H4) specific for PEDV were established, and the immunoreactivity of the monoclonal antibodies was confirmed by immunofluorescence and dot-immunobinding assays. A method, termed antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA), which used the monoclonal antibody 5D7 as the detecting antibody and rabbit antiserum of PEDV protein S as the capture antibody, was developed. Compared with the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method of detecting PEDV in fecal samples, AC-ELISA showed similar sensitivity and specificity. These results suggested that AC-ELISA would be useful for the diagnosis and epidemiological studies of PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanyu Wang
- Veterinary Microbiology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Tykarska E, Gdaniec M. Solid-state supramolecular architecture of carbenoxolone – comparative studies with glycyrrhetinic and glycyrrhizic acids. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2015; 71:25-33. [PMID: 25643713 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520614026419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbenoxolone (CBXH2), a pharmaceutically relevant derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid, was studied by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structures of its unsolvated form, propionic acid and dimethoxyethane solvates and a solvated cocrystal of the free acid with its monobasic sodium salt CBXH2·CBXHNa·(butan-2-one)2·2H2O reveal that the recurring motif of supramolecular architecture in all crystal forms is a one-dimensional ribbon with closely packed triterpene fragments. It does not result from strong specific interactions but solely from van der Waals interactions. The ribbons are further arranged into diverse layer-type aggregates with a hydrophobic interior (triterpene skeletons) and hydrophilic surfaces covered with carboxylic/carboxylate groups. Solvent molecules included at the interface between the layers influence hydrogen-bonding interactions between the carbenoxolone molecules and organization of the ribbons within the layer. Comparison of crystal structures of carbenoxolone, glycyrrhizic acid and its aglycone-glycyrrhetinic acid have shown the impact of the size and hydrophilic character of the substituent at the triterpene C3 atom on the supramolecular architecture of these three closely related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Tykarska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Gdaniec
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Li E, Sun N, Zhao JX, Sun YG, Huang JG, Lei HM, Guo JH, Hu YL, Wang WK, Li HQ. In vitro evaluation of antiviral activity of tea seed saponins against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Antivir Ther 2015; 20:743-52. [DOI: 10.3851/imp2937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Protection against Klebsiella pneumoniae using lithium chloride in an intragastric infection model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 59:1525-33. [PMID: 25534739 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04261-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intragastric Klebsiella pneumoniae infections of mice can cause liver abscesses, necrosis of liver tissues, and bacteremia. Lithium chloride, a widely prescribed drug for bipolar mood disorder, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Using an intragastric infection model, the effects of LiCl on K. pneumoniae infections were examined. Providing mice with drinking water containing LiCl immediately after infection protected them from K. pneumoniae-induced death and liver injuries, such as necrosis of liver tissues, as well as increasing blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, in a dose-dependent manner. LiCl administered as late as 24 h postinfection still provided protection. Monitoring of the LiCl concentrations in the sera of K. pneumoniae-infected mice showed that approximately 0.33 mM LiCl was the most effective dose for protecting mice against infections, which is lower than the clinically toxic dose of LiCl. Surveys of bacterial counts and cytokine expression levels in LiCl-treated mice revealed that both were effectively inhibited in blood and liver tissues. Using in vitro assays, we found that LiCl (5 μM to 1 mM) did not directly interfere with the growth of K. pneumoniae but made K. pneumoniae cells lose the mucoid phenotype and become more susceptible to macrophage killing. Furthermore, low doses of LiCl also partially enhanced the bactericidal activity of macrophages. Taken together, these data suggest that LiCl is an alternative therapeutic agent for K. pneumoniae-induced liver infections.
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Ou Yang KX, Liang J, Yang ZN, Zhao JJ. A study on the inhibition of VEGF expression in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cells via iNOS gene RNAi in vitro. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:153-8. [PMID: 25065562 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xiong Ou Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; The Fifth Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yet-Sen University; Zhuhai China
| | - Zi-Nan Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jian-Jiang Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
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Sun Y, Niu L, Song M, Zhao X, Sun N, He J, Wu C, Jiang J, Bai Y, Guo J, Li H. Screening compounds of Chinese medicinal herbs anti-Marek's disease virus. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:841-847. [PMID: 24920229 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.871639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Marek's disease (MD) seriously threatens the world poultry industry and has resulted in great economic losses. Chinese medicinal herbs are a rich source for lead compounds and drug candidates for antiviral treatments. OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-MDV activity and mechanism of 20 compounds extracted from Chinese medicinal herbs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antiviral assay, time of addition experiments, and virucidal assay were performed on chicken embryo fibroblast cells. The 50% cytotoxic concentration and 50% effective concentration were determined and, accordingly, selectivity index and inhibition ratio were calculated. RESULTS Antiviral assay showed dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG) and sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) exhibited significantly inhibitory activity against MDV in a dose-dependent manner. EC50 of DG and STS were 893.5 ± 36.99 µg/mL and 54.82 ± 2.99 µg/mL, and selective index (SI) were >3.36 and >9.12, respectively. Time of addition experiment and virucidal assay demonstrated DG inhibited viral replication in the full replication cycle and inactivated MDV particles in non-time-dependent manner, but STS interfered with the early stage of MDV replication and inactivated MDV particles in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, both DG and STS promoted apoptosis of cells infected by MDV. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION DG and STS have great potential for developing new anti-MDV drugs for clinic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaogui Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi , PR China
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An TQ, Peng JM, Tian ZJ, Zhao HY, Li N, Liu YM, Chen JZ, Leng CL, Sun Y, Chang D, Tong GZ. Pseudorabies virus variant in Bartha-K61-vaccinated pigs, China, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:1749-55. [PMID: 24188614 PMCID: PMC3837674 DOI: 10.3201/eid1911.130177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely used pseudorabies virus (PRV) Bartha-K61 vaccine has played a key role in the eradication of PRV. Since late 2011, however, a disease characterized by neurologic symptoms and a high number of deaths among newborn piglets has occurred among Bartha-K61–vaccinated pigs on many farms in China. Clinical samples from pigs on 15 farms in 6 provinces were examined. The PRV gE gene was detectable by PCR in all samples, and sequence analysis of the gE gene showed that all isolates belonged to a relatively independent cluster and contained 2 amino acid insertions. A PRV (named HeN1) was isolated and caused transitional fever in pigs. In protection assays, Bartha-K61 vaccine provided 100% protection against lethal challenge with SC (a classical PRV) but only 50% protection against 4 challenges with strain HeN1. The findings suggest that Bartha-K61 vaccine does not provide effective protection against PRV HeN1 infection.
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Lv X, Wang P, Bai R, Cong Y, Suo S, Ren X, Chen C. Inhibitory effect of silver nanomaterials on transmissible virus-induced host cell infections. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4195-203. [PMID: 24524838 PMCID: PMC7112386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Coronaviruses belong to the family Coronaviridae, which primarily cause infection of the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of hosts. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is an economically significant coronavirus that can cause severe diarrhea in pigs. Silver nanomaterials (Ag NMs) have attracted great interests in recent years due to their excellent anti-microorganism properties. Herein, four representative Ag NMs including spherical Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs, NM-300), two kinds of silver nanowires (XFJ011) and silver colloids (XFJ04) were selected to study their inhibitory effect on TGEV-induced host cell infection in vitro. Ag NPs were uniformly distributed, with particle sizes less than 20 nm by characterization of environmental scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Two types of silver nanowires were 60 nm and 400 nm in diameter, respectively. The average diameter of the silver colloids was approximately 10 nm. TGEV infection induced the occurring of apoptosis in swine testicle (ST) cells, down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2, up-regulated the expression of Bax, altered mitochondrial membrane potential, activated p38 MAPK signal pathway, and increased expression of p53 as evidenced by immunofluorescence assays, real-time PCR, flow cytometry and Western blot. Under non-toxic concentrations, Ag NPs and silver nanowires significantly diminished the infectivity of TGEV in ST cells. Moreover, further results showed that Ag NPs and silver nanowires decreased the number of apoptotic cells induced by TGEV through regulating p38/mitochondria-caspase-3 signaling pathway. Our data indicate that Ag NMs are effective in prevention of TGEV-mediated cell infection as a virucidal agent or as an inhibitor of viral entry and the present findings may provide new insights into antiviral therapy of coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Lv
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59, Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China; National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Ru Bai
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yingying Cong
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59, Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Siqingaowa Suo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59, Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Ren
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 59, Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Chunying Chen
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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Li P, Zou H, Ren Y, Zarlenga DS, Ren X. Antiviral effect of diammonium glycyrrhizinate on cell infection by porcine parvovirus. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:82-7. [PMID: 24614970 PMCID: PMC7079847 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) can cause reproductive failure in swine, resulting in economic losses to the industry. Antiviral effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) have been reported on several animal viruses; however, to date it has yet to be tested on PPV. In this study, the antiviral activity of DG on swine testis (ST) cell infection by PPV was investigated using an empirically determined, non-toxic concentration of DG and three different experimental designs: (1) pre-treatment of virus prior to infection; (2) pre-treatment of cells prior to infection; and (3) direct treatment of virus-infected cells. The results showed that DG possesses potent inhibitory effects on PPV when the virus was treated before incubation with ST cells and that virus infectivity decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Results were confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assays and real-time quantitative PCR. In addition, deoxycholate was used as a control to exclude the possibility that DG acted as a detergent to inhibit PPV infectivity. The study clearly indicates that DG has a direct anti-PPV effect in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
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Sun N, Wang ZW, Wu CH, Li E, He JP, Wang SY, Hu YL, Lei HM, Li HQ. Antiviral activity and underlying molecular mechanisms of Matrine against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vitro. Res Vet Sci 2013; 96:323-7. [PMID: 24411654 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), is an acute infectious disease. The prevalence of PRRS has made swine industry suffered huge financial losses. Matrine, a natural compound, has been demonstrated to possess anti-PRRSV activity in Marc-145 cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms were still unknown. The main objective of our study was to discuss the effect of Matrine on PRRSV N protein expression and PRRSV induced apoptosis. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blot were used to assess the effect of Matrine on N protein expression. Apoptosis was analyzed by fluorescence staining. In addition, the effect of Matrine on caspase-3 activation was investigated by Western blot. Indirect immunofluorescence assay and Western blot analysis demonstrated that Matrine could inhibit N protein expression in Marc-145 cells. And Matrine was found to be able to impair PRRSV-induced apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Cai-Hong Wu
- Jiangsu Animal Husbandry & Veterinary College, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, PR China
| | - E Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Jun-Ping He
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Shao-Yu Wang
- University of Western Sydney, School of Medicine, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith 2751, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuan-Liang Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Hai-Min Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Hong-Quan Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China.
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Screening of soil actinomyectes against Salmonella serovar Typhi NCTC 5761 and characterization of the prominent active strains. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2013; 5:356-65. [PMID: 25848505 PMCID: PMC4385161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Annual incidence of infection with S. Typhi is estimated to be about 17 million cases worldwide. A systematic search among actinomycete isolates from soil of Iran aimed at finding active actinomycetes against the causative agent of typhoid fever, Salmonella Typhi was carried out during this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our anti-Salmonella screening program resulted in nine highly active actinomycete isolates. All nine antibiotic producing strains showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, as five strains showed antifungal activity as well. Based on microscopic morphology and cell wall analysis, all nine active actinomycete strains were representatives of the genus Streptomyces. Three of the producing strains including the isolates HG87, HG116 and HG443 with inhibition zone of >20 mm, were selected for further identification and investigation of cytotoxic effects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION None of the producing strains showed cytotoxicity on HEK and USSC cell lines, while strain HG116 showed excellent antitumor activity on T47D cancer cell lines. Isolates HG87, HG116 and HG443 can be distinguished from the related species by some phenotypic and biochemical characteristics. Our results demonstrate the broad-range biological activity exhibited by bioactive compounds of soil actinomycetes from Iran.
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