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Kim JY, Quan T. Emerging Perspectives of YAP/TAZ in Human Skin Epidermal and Dermal Aging. Ann Dermatol 2024; 36:135-144. [PMID: 38816974 PMCID: PMC11148314 DOI: 10.5021/ad.23.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are key downstream effectors of the Hippo signaling pathway, which plays a central role in tissue homeostasis, organ development, and regeneration. While the dysregulation of YAP/TAZ has been linked to various human diseases, their involvement in the aging of human skin has only recently begun to manifest. In the skin, the YAP/TAZ effectors emerge as central regulators in maintaining homeostasis of epidermal stem cells and dermal extracellular matrix, and thus intimately linked to skin aging processes. This review underscores recent molecular breakthroughs highlighting how age-related decline of YAP/TAZ activity impacts human epidermal and dermal aging. Gaining insight into the evolving roles of YAP/TAZ in human skin aging presents a promising avenue for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at enhancing skin health and addressing age-related skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Taihao Quan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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2
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Quan T. Human Skin Aging and the Anti-Aging Properties of Retinol. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1614. [PMID: 38002296 PMCID: PMC10669284 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the most-extensive and -abundant tissue in the human body. Like many organs, as we age, human skin experiences gradual atrophy in both the epidermis and dermis. This can be primarily attributed to the diminishing population of epidermal stem cells and the reduction in collagen, which is the primary structural protein in the human body. The alterations occurring in the epidermis and dermis due to the aging process result in disruptions to the structure and functionality of the skin. This creates a microenvironment conducive to age-related skin conditions such as a compromised skin barrier, slowed wound healing, and the onset of skin cancer. This review emphasizes the recent molecular discoveries related to skin aging and evaluates preventive approaches, such as the use of topical retinoids. Topical retinoids have demonstrated promise in enhancing skin texture, diminishing fine lines, and augmenting the thickness of both the epidermal and dermal layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taihao Quan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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3
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Takayama H, Kobayashi S, Gotoh K, Sasaki K, Iwagami Y, Yamada D, Tomimaru Y, Akita H, Asaoka T, Noda T, Wada H, Takahashi H, Tanemura M, Doki Y, Eguchi H. SPARC accelerates biliary tract cancer progression through CTGF-mediated tumor-stroma interactions: SPARC as a prognostic marker of survival after neoadjuvant therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10935-10950. [PMID: 37330435 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In biliary tract cancer (BTC), malignancy is strongest at the invasion front. To improve the BTC prognosis, the invasion front should be controlled. We evaluated tumor-stroma crosstalk at the tumor center and at the invasion front of BTC lesions. We investigated the expression of SPARC, a marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts, and determined its ability to predict BTC prognosis after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NAC-RT). METHODS We performed immunohistochemistry to evaluate SPARC expression in resected specimens from patients that underwent BTC surgery. We established highly invasive (HI) clones in two BTC cell lines (NOZ, CCLP1), and performed mRNA microarrays to compare gene expression in parental and HI cells. RESULTS Among 92 specimens, stromal SPARC expression was higher at the invasion front than at the lesion center (p = 0.014). Among 50 specimens from patients treated with surgery alone, high stromal SPARC expression at the invasion front was associated with a poor prognosis (recurrence-free survival: p = 0.033; overall survival: p = 0.017). Coculturing fibroblasts with NOZ-HI cells upregulated fibroblast SPARC expression. mRNA microarrays showed that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was upregulated in NOZ-HI and CCLP1-HI cells. A CTGF knockdown suppressed cell invasion in NOZ-HI cells. Exogeneous CTGF upregulated SPARC expression in fibroblasts. SPARC expression at the invasion front was significantly lower after NAC-RT, compared to surgery alone (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION CTGF was associated with tumor-stroma crosstalk in BTC. CTGF activated stromal SPARC expression, which promoted tumor progression, particularly at the invasion front. SPARC expression at the invasion front after NAC-RT may serve as a prognosis predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Takayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kunihito Gotoh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tomimaru
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tanemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Rinku General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Hassan MDS, Razali N, Abu Bakar AS, Abu Hanipah NF, Agarwal R. Connective tissue growth factor: Role in trabecular meshwork remodeling and intraocular pressure lowering. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1425-1436. [PMID: 37873757 PMCID: PMC10657592 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231199466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a distinct signaling molecule modulating many physiological and pathophysiological processes. This protein is upregulated in numerous fibrotic diseases that involve extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. It mediates the downstream effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and is regulated via TGF-β SMAD-dependent and SMAD-independent signaling routes. Targeting CTGF instead of its upstream regulator TGF-β avoids the consequences of interfering with the pleotropic effects of TGF-β. Both CTGF and its upstream mediator, TGF-β, have been linked with the pathophysiology of glaucomatous optic neuropathy due to their involvement in the regulation of ECM homeostasis. The excessive expression of these growth factors is associated with glaucoma pathogenesis via elevation of the intraocular pressure (IOP), the most important risk factor for glaucoma. The raised in the IOP is due to dysregulation of ECM turnover resulting in excessive ECM deposition at the site of aqueous humor outflow. It is therefore believed that CTGF could be a potential therapeutic target in glaucoma therapy. This review highlights the CTGF biology and structure, its regulation and signaling, its association with the pathophysiology of glaucoma, and its potential role as a therapeutic target in glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norhafiza Razali
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Amy Suzana Abu Bakar
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Noor Fahitah Abu Hanipah
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 47000 Sungai Buloh, Malaysia
| | - Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University (IMU), 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Yin H, Liu N, Zhou X, Chen J, Duan L. The advance of CCN3 in fibrosis. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00778-3. [PMID: 37378812 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00778-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is comprised of various extracellular macromolecules, including collagen, enzymes, and glycoproteins, which offer structural and biochemical support to neighboring cells. After tissue injury, extracellular matrix proteins deposit in the damaged tissue to promote tissue healing. However, an imbalance between ECM production and degradation can result in excessive deposition, leading to fibrosis and subsequent organ dysfunction. Acting as a regulatory protein within the extracellular matrix, CCN3 plays a crucial role in numerous biological processes, such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and wound healing. Many studies have demonstrated that CCN3 can reduce the production of ECM in tissues through diverse mechanisms thereby exerting an inhibitory effect on fibrosis. Consequently, CCN3 emerges as a promising therapeutic target for ameliorating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianming Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Lihua Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China.
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchang, China.
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Li J, Chen X, Hu M, Wei J, Nie M, Chen J, Liu X. The application of composite scaffold materials based on decellularized vascular matrix in tissue engineering: a review. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:62. [PMID: 37337190 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Decellularized vascular matrix is a natural polymeric biomaterial that comes from arteries or veins which are removed the cellular contents by physical, chemical and enzymatic means, leaving only the cytoskeletal structure and extracellular matrix to achieve cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation and creating a suitable microenvironment for their growth. In recent years, the decellularized vascular matrix has attracted much attention in the field of tissue repair and regenerative medicine due to its remarkable cytocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to induce tissue regeneration. Firstly, this review introduces its basic properties and preparation methods; then, it focuses on the application and research of composite scaffold materials based on decellularized vascular matrix in vascular tissue engineering in terms of current in vitro and in vivo studies, and briefly outlines its applications in other tissue engineering fields; finally, it looks into the advantages and drawbacks to be overcome in the application of decellularized vascular matrix materials. In conclusion, as a new bioactive material for building engineered tissue and repairing tissue defects, decellularized vascular matrix will be widely applied in prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Li
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Stomatology Technology, School of Medical Technology, Sichuan College of Traditional Medicine, Mianyang, 621000, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Mianyang Stomatological Hospital, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Miaoling Hu
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Minhai Nie
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jiana Chen
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xuqian Liu
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhuo, 646000, China.
- Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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7
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Yeger H. CCN proteins: opportunities for clinical studies-a personal perspective. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00761-y. [PMID: 37195381 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse members of the CCN family now designated as CCN1(CYR61), CCN2 (CTGF), CCN3(NOV), CCN4(WISP1), CCN5(WISP2), CCN6(WISP3) are a conserved matricellular family of proteins exhibiting a spectrum of functional properties throughout all organs in the body. Interaction with cell membrane receptors such as integrins trigger intracellular signaling pathways. Proteolytically cleaved fragments (constituting the active domains) can be transported to the nucleus and perform transcriptional relevant functional activities. Notably, as also found in other protein families some members act opposite to others creating a system of functionally relevant checks and balances. It has become apparent that these proteins are secreted into the circulation, are quantifiable, and can serve as disease biomarkers. How they might also serve as homeostatic regulators is just becoming appreciated. In this review I have attempted to highlight the most recent evidence under the subcategories of cancer and non-cancer relevant that could lead to potential therapeutic approaches or ideas that can be factored into clinical advances. I have added my own personal perspective on feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Yeger
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, SickKids, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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8
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Gaudreau PO, Cousineau I, Stagg J. Optimal CCN4 Immunofluorescence for Tissue Microarray. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2582:13-21. [PMID: 36370340 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2744-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CCN4 (also known as WNT1-Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1 or WISP1) is a 367 amino acid, 40 kDa protein located on chromosome 8q24.1-8q24.3. Prior studies have provided support for a pro-inflammatory role for CCN4. We have shown recently that CCN4 expression is associated with advanced disease, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and an inflamed tumor microenvironment in multiple solid tumors. We detail here the CCN4 tissue microarray immunofluorescence protocol related to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University and Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Cousineau
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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9
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Cárdenas-León CG, Mäemets-Allas K, Klaas M, Lagus H, Kankuri E, Jaks V. Matricellular proteins in cutaneous wound healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1073320. [PMID: 36506087 PMCID: PMC9730256 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1073320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process that encompasses alterations in all aspects of the skin including the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM consist of large structural proteins such as collagens and elastin as well as smaller proteins with mainly regulative properties called matricellular proteins. Matricellular proteins bind to structural proteins and their functions include but are not limited to interaction with cell surface receptors, cytokines, or protease and evoking a cellular response. The signaling initiated by matricellular proteins modulates differentiation and proliferation of cells having an impact on the tissue regeneration. In this review we give an overview of the matricellular proteins that have been found to be involved in cutaneous wound healing and summarize the information known to date about their functions in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Mäemets-Allas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mariliis Klaas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heli Lagus
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Wound Healing Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia,*Correspondence: Viljar Jaks,
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10
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Marinkovic M, Dai Q, Gonzalez AO, Tran ON, Block TJ, Harris SE, Salmon AB, Yeh CK, Dean DD, Chen XD. Matrix-bound Cyr61/CCN1 is required to retain the properties of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell niche but is depleted with aging. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:108-132. [PMID: 35752272 PMCID: PMC10069241 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that extracellular matrices (ECMs), produced ex vivo by various types of stromal cells, direct bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in a tissue-specific manner and recapitulate physiologic changes characteristic of the aging microenvironment. In particular, BM-MSCs obtained from elderly donors and cultured on ECM produced by young BM stromal cells showed improved quantity, quality and osteogenic differentiation. In the present study, we searched for matrix components that are required for a functional BM-MSC niche by comparing ECMs produced by BM stromal cells from "young" (≤25 y/o) versus "elderly" (≥60 y/o) donors. With increasing donor age, ECM fibrillar organization and mechanical integrity deteriorated, along with the ability to promote BM-MSC proliferation and responsiveness to growth factors. Proteomic analyses revealed that the matricellular protein, Cyr61/CCN1, was present in young, but undetectable in elderly, BM-ECM. To assess the role of Cyr61 in the BM-MSC niche, we used genetic methods to down-regulate the incorporation of Cyr61 during production of young ECM and up-regulate its incorporation in elderly ECM. The results showed that Cyr61-depleted young ECM lost the ability to promote BM-MSC proliferation and growth factor responsiveness. However, up-regulating the incorporation of Cyr61 during synthesis of elderly ECM restored its ability to support BM-MSC responsiveness to osteogenic factors such as BMP-2 and IGF-1. We next examined aging bone and compared bone mineral density and Cyr61 content of L4-L5 vertebral bodies in "young" (9-11 m/o) and "elderly" (21-33 m/o) mice. Our analyses showed that low bone mineral density was associated with decreased amounts of Cyr61 in osseous tissue of elderly versus young mice. Our results strongly demonstrate a novel role for ECM-bound Cyr61 in the BM-MSC niche, where it is responsible for retention of BM-MSC proliferation and growth factor responsiveness, while depletion of Cyr61 from the BM niche contributes to an aging-related dysregulation of BM-MSCs. Our results also suggest new potential therapeutic targets for treating age-related bone loss by restoring specific ECM components to the stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Marinkovic
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States; Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie Murphy VA Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78229(,) United States
| | - Qiuxia Dai
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Aaron O Gonzalez
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Olivia N Tran
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Travis J Block
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Stephen E Harris
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie Murphy VA Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie Murphy VA Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - David D Dean
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States; Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie Murphy VA Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78229(,) United States.
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11
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Poon SHL, Cheung JJC, Shih KC, Chan YK. A systematic review of multimodal clinical biomarkers in the management of thyroid eye disease. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:541-567. [PMID: 35066781 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is an autoimmune disease that affects the extraocular muscles and periorbital fat. It most commonly occurs with Graves' Disease (GD) as an extrathyroidal manifestation, hence, it is also sometimes used interchangeably with Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO). Well-known autoimmune markers for GD include thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibodies (TSH-R-Ab) which contribute to hyperthyroidism and ocular signs. Currently, apart from radiological investigations, detection of TED is based on clinical signs and symptoms which is largely subjective, with no established biomarkers which could differentiate TED from merely GD. We evaluated a total of 28 studies on potential biomarkers for diagnosis of TED. Articles included were published in English, which investigated clinical markers in tear fluid, orbital adipose-connective tissues, orbital fibroblasts and extraocular muscles, serum, thyroid tissue, as well as imaging biomarkers. Results demonstrated that biomarkers with reported diagnostic power have high sensitivity and specificity for TED, including those using a combination of biomarkers to differentiate between TED and GD, as well as the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Other biomarkers which were upregulated include cytokines, proinflammatory markers, and acute phase reactants in subjects with TED, which are however, deemed less specific to TED. Further clinical investigations for these biomarkers, scrutinising their specificity and sensitivity on a larger sample of patients, may point towards selection of suitable biomarkers for aiding detection and prognosis of TED in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hiu Ling Poon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 301B Cyberport 4, 100 Cyberport Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Kendrick Co Shih
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 301B Cyberport 4, 100 Cyberport Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Yau Kei Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 301B Cyberport 4, 100 Cyberport Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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12
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Kubota S, Kawata K, Hattori T, Nishida T. Molecular and Genetic Interactions between CCN2 and CCN3 behind Their Yin-Yang Collaboration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115887. [PMID: 35682564 PMCID: PMC9180607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication network factor (CCN) 2 and 3 are the members of the CCN family that conduct the harmonized development of a variety of tissues and organs under interaction with multiple biomolecules in the microenvironment. Despite their striking structural similarities, these two members show contrastive molecular functions as well as temporospatial emergence in living tissues. Typically, CCN2 promotes cell growth, whereas CCN3 restrains it. Where CCN2 is produced, CCN3 disappears. Nevertheless, these two proteins collaborate together to execute their mission in a yin–yang fashion. The apparent functional counteractions of CCN2 and CCN3 can be ascribed to their direct molecular interaction and interference over the cofactors that are shared by the two. Recent studies have revealed the mutual negative regulation systems between CCN2 and CCN3. Moreover, the simultaneous and bidirectional regulatory system of CCN2 and CCN3 is also being clarified. It is of particular note that these regulations were found to be closely associated with glycolysis, a fundamental procedure of energy metabolism. Here, the molecular interplay and metabolic gene regulation that enable the yin–yang collaboration of CCN2 and CCN3 typically found in cartilage development/regeneration and fibrosis are described.
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13
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Fu M, Peng D, Lan T, Wei Y, Wei X. Multifunctional regulatory protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF): A potential therapeutic target for diverse diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1740-1760. [PMID: 35847511 PMCID: PMC9279711 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a multifunctional protein of the CCN family, regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and a variety of other biological processes. It is involved in the disease-related pathways such as the Hippo pathway, p53 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathways and thus contributes to the developments of inflammation, fibrosis, cancer and other diseases as a downstream effector. Therefore, CTGF might be a potential therapeutic target for treating various diseases. In recent years, the research on the potential of CTGF in the treatment of diseases has also been paid more attention. Several drugs targeting CTGF (monoclonal antibodies FG3149 and FG3019) are being assessed by clinical or preclinical trials and have shown promising outcomes. In this review, the cellular events regulated by CTGF, and the relationships between CTGF and pathogenesis of diseases are systematically summarized. In addition, we highlight the current researches, focusing on the preclinical and clinical trials concerned with CTGF as the therapeutic target.
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14
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Cerri P, Shahida B, Lantz M, Planck T. Serum CYR61 Levels are Associated with Graves' Ophthalmopathy and Smoking in Patients with Graves' Disease. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:168-174. [PMID: 35276742 DOI: 10.1055/a-1743-2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is a well-known risk factor for Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) in patients suffering from Graves' disease (GD). Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61), which has multiple physiological functions, has been shown to be associated with GD and GO. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between smoking and CYR61 concentrations in GD patients with and without GO. Serum CYR61 was measured by ELISA. The association between CYR61 concentration and GO was assessed with binary logistic regression in all patients and in subgroups of smokers and nonsmokers. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlations between CYR61 concentration and clinical parameters. CYR61 levels were significantly higher in GD patients with GO than in patients without GO, in smokers than in nonsmokers and in individuals older than 50 years than in those younger than 50 years. The subgroup of "GO smokers" had the highest CYR61 levels [median (IQR), 119 pg/ml (129.8)], compared with "GO nonsmokers" [84.2 pg/ml (90.8), p=0.04], "no GO smokers" [88.9 pg/ml (109.8), p=0.01] and "no GO nonsmokers" [79.4 pg/ml (129.89), p=0.003]. For each unit increase in CYR61 concentration, the odds of having GO in smokers significantly and independently increased by 1% (OR=1.010; 95% CI: 1.002-1.018, p=0.012). In conclusion, our results indicate that smoking and age increase serum CYR61 levels in patients with GD and GO. The role of CYR61 as a predictor of GO in patients with GD should be evaluated in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perparim Cerri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bushra Shahida
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mikael Lantz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tereza Planck
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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15
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Probert F, Yeo T, Zhou Y, Sealey M, Arora S, Palace J, Claridge TDW, Hillenbrand R, Oechtering J, Kuhle J, Leppert D, Anthony DC. Determination of CSF GFAP, CCN5, and vWF Levels Enhances the Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinically Defined MS From Non-MS Patients With CSF Oligoclonal Bands. Front Immunol 2022; 12:811351. [PMID: 35185866 PMCID: PMC8855362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inclusion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal IgG bands (OCGB) in the revised McDonald criteria increases the sensitivity of diagnosis when dissemination in time (DIT) cannot be proven. While OCGB negative patients are unlikely to develop clinically definite (CD) MS, OCGB positivity may lead to an erroneous diagnosis in conditions that present similarly, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) or neurosarcoidosis. Objective To identify specific, OCGB-complementary, biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy in OCGB positive patients. Methods We analysed the CSF metabolome and proteome of CDMS (n=41) and confirmed non-MS patients (n=64) comprising a range of CNS conditions routinely encountered in neurology clinics. Results OCGB discriminated between CDMS and non-MS with high sensitivity (85%), but low specificity (67%), as previously described. Machine learning methods revealed CCN5 levels provide greater accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity than OCGB (79%, +5%; 90%, +5%; and 72%, +5% respectively) while glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) identified CDMS with 100% specificity (+33%). A multiomics approach improved accuracy further to 90% (+16%). Conclusion The measurement of a few additional CSF biomarkers could be used to complement OCGB and improve the specificity of MS diagnosis when clinical and radiological evidence of DIT is absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay Probert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Daniel C. Anthony, ; Fay Probert,
| | - Tianrong Yeo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore,Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States,Wellcome Medical Research Council (MRC) Trust Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Sealey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Siddharth Arora
- Department of Mathematics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Johanna Oechtering
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Leppert
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), Departments of Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel C. Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Daniel C. Anthony, ; Fay Probert,
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16
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Targeting CCN2 protects against progressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a preclinical model induced by high-fat feeding and type 2 diabetes. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:447-460. [PMID: 35038159 PMCID: PMC9411483 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression and its mediators have not been resolved. In this study, a pathogenic role of cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2) protein in NASH pathology, was investigated in an established preclinical NASH model. Male wild type C57BL/6 mice received either Chow or high fat diet (HFD) for 26 weeks, with some mice in each group randomly selected to receive low dose streptozotocin (STZ: 3 i.p. injections, 65 mg/kg) at 15 weeks to induce type 2 diabetes. In the final 10 of the 26 weeks mice from each group were administered i.p. either rabbit anti-CCN2 neutralizing antibody (CCN2Ab) or as control normal rabbit IgG, at a dose of 150 µg per mouse twice/week. NASH developed in the HFD plus diabetes (HFD+DM) group. Administration of CCN2Ab significantly downregulated collagen I and collagen III mRNA induction and prevented pro-inflammatory MCP-1 mRNA induction in HFD+DM mice. At the protein level, CCN2Ab significantly attenuated collagen accumulation by PSR stain and collagen I protein induction in HFD+DM. Phosphorylation of the pro-fibrotic ERK signalling pathway in liver in HFD+DM was attenuated by CCN2Ab treatment. Intrahepatic CCN1 mRNA was induced, whereas CCN3 was downregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in HFD+DM. CCN3 down-regulation was prevented by CCN2Ab treatment. This in vivo study indicates that CCN2 is a molecular target in NASH with high fat diet and diabetes, and that regulation of ERK signalling is implicated in this process.
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17
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Metabolic Effects of CCN5/WISP2 Gene Deficiency and Transgenic Overexpression in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413418. [PMID: 34948212 PMCID: PMC8709456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CCN5/WISP2 is a matricellular protein, the expression of which is under the regulation of Wnt signaling and IGF-1. Our initial characterization supports the notion that CCN5 might promote the proliferation and survival of pancreatic β-cells and thus improve the metabolic profile of the animals. More recently, the roles of endogenous expression of CCN5 and its ectopic, transgenic overexpression on metabolic regulation have been revealed through two reports. Here, we attempt to compare the experimental findings from those studies, side-by-side, in order to further establish its roles in metabolic regulation. Prominent among the discoveries was that a systemic deficiency of CCN5 gene expression caused adipocyte hypertrophy, increased adipogenesis, and lipid accumulation, resulting in insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, which were further exacerbated upon high-fat diet feeding. On the other hand, the adipocyte-specific and systemic overexpression of CCN5 caused an increase in lean body mass, improved insulin sensitivity, hyperplasia of cardiomyocytes, and increased heart mass, but decreased fasting glucose levels. CCN5 is clearly a regulator of adipocyte proliferation and maturation, affecting lean/fat mass ratio and insulin sensitivity. Not all results from these models are consistent; moreover, several important aspects of CCN5 physiology are yet to be explored.
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18
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The Association of Nephroblastoma Overexpressed (NOV) and Endothelial Progenitor Cells with Oxidative Stress in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7138800. [PMID: 34868456 PMCID: PMC8635870 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7138800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by intermittent hypoxia, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress and is associated with cardiometabolic disease. Several biological substrates have been associated with OSA such as nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV), endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), and circulating endothelial cells (CEC). Few studies have looked at the association of NOV with OSA while the EPC/CEC relationships with OSA are unclear. In this study, we hypothesize that (1) NOV is associated with the severity of OSA independent of BMI, identifying a protein that may play a role in the biogenesis of OSA complications, and (2) EPCs and CECs are also associated with the severity of OSA and are biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in OSA. Methods 61 subjects underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG), clinical evaluation, and blood analysis for NOV, EPC, CEC, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and other potential biomarkers. Results NOV and EPCs were independently associated with the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) after adjusting for potential confounders including body mass index (BMI), age, and sex (NOV p = 0.032; EPC p = 0.001). EPC was also independently associated with AHI after adjusting for BMI, age, and sex (p = 0.017). IL-6 was independently associated with AHI, but not with ODI. Conclusion NOV and EPC levels correlate with the degree of OSA independent of BMI, indicating that these biomarkers could potentially further elucidate the relationship between OSA patients and their risk of the subsequent development of cardiovascular disease.
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Ahmed KA, Hasib TA, Paul SK, Saddam M, Mimi A, Saikat ASM, Faruque HA, Rahman MA, Uddin MJ, Kim B. Potential Role of CCN Proteins in Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Advances and Perspectives. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:4972-4985. [PMID: 34940056 PMCID: PMC8700172 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CCNs are a specific type of matricellular protein, which are essential signaling molecules, and play multiple roles in multicellular eukaryotes. This family of proteins consists of six separate members, which exist only in vertebrates. The architecture of CCN proteins is multi-modular comprising four distinct modules. CCN Proteins achieve their primary functional activities by binding with several integrin7 receptors. The CCN family has been linked to cell adhesion, chemotaxis and migration, mitogenesis, cell survival, angiogenesis, differentiation, tumorigenesis, chondrogenesis, and wound healing, among other biological interactions. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and CCN regulated breast cancer stands at the top. A favorable or unfavorable association between various CCNs has been reported in patients with breast carcinomas. The pro-tumorigenic CCN1, CCN2, CCN3, and CCN4 may lead to human breast cancer, although the anti-tumorigenic actions of CCN5 and CCN6 are also present. Several studies have been conducted on CCN proteins and cancer in recent years. CCN1 and CCN3 have been shown to exhibit a dual nature of tumor inhibition and tumor suppression to some extent in quiet recent time. Pharmacological advances in treating breast cancer by targeting CCN proteins are also reported. In our study, we intend to provide an overview of these research works while keeping breast cancer in focus. This information may facilitate early diagnosis, early prognosis and the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Ahsan Ahmed
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
- Bio-Science Research Initiative, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnin Al Hasib
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
- Bio-Science Research Initiative, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Shamrat Kumar Paul
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
- Bio-Science Research Initiative, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saddam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
- Bio-Science Research Initiative, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Mimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
| | - Abu Saim Mohammad Saikat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.); (A.M.); (A.S.M.S.)
| | - Hasan Al Faruque
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (M.J.U.); (B.K.)
| | - Md. Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (K.A.A.); (T.A.H.); (S.K.P.); (H.A.F.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Women’s University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (M.J.U.); (B.K.)
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (M.J.U.); (B.K.)
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20
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NOV/CCN3 Promotes Cell Migration and Invasion in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma via miR-92a-3p. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111659. [PMID: 34828265 PMCID: PMC8621878 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a common type of human cancer with a poor prognosis, and investigating the potential molecular mechanisms that can contribute to gene diagnosis and therapy. Herein, based on the recently concerned vertebrate-specific Cyr61/CTGF/NOV (CCN) gene family because of its important roles in diverse diseases, we obtained NOV/CCN3 to query for its potential roles in tumorigenesis via bioinformatics analysis. Experimental validations confirmed that both NOV mRNA and protein are up-regulated in two ICC cell lines, suggesting that it may promote cell migration and invasion by promoting EMT. To elucidate the detailed regulatory mechanism, miR-92a-3p is screened and identified as a negative regulatory small RNA targeting NOV, and further experimental validation demonstrates that miR-92a-3p contributes to NOV-mediated migration and invasion of ICC via the Notch signaling pathway. Our study reveals that NOV may be a potential target for diagnosing and treating ICC, which will provide experimental data and molecular theoretical foundation for cancer treatment, particularly for future precision medicine.
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21
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McClung JA, Levy L, Garcia V, Stec DE, Peterson SJ, Abraham NG. Heme-oxygenase and lipid mediators in obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases: Therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107975. [PMID: 34499923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-mediated metabolic syndrome remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Among many potential targets for pharmacological intervention, a promising strategy involves the heme oxygenase (HO) system, specifically its inducible form, HO-1. This review collects and updates much of the current knowledge relevant to pharmacology and clinical medicine concerning HO-1 in metabolic diseases and its effect on lipid metabolism. HO-1 has pleotropic effects that collectively reduce inflammation, while increasing vasodilation and insulin and leptin sensitivity. Recent reports indicate that HO-1 with its antioxidants via the effect of bilirubin increases formation of biologically active lipid metabolites such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET), omega-3 and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Similarly, HO-1and bilirubin are potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of fat-induced liver diseases. HO-1-mediated upregulation of EET is capable not only of reversing endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, but also of reversing cardiac remodeling, a hallmark of the metabolic syndrome. This process involves browning of white fat tissue (i.e. formation of healthy adipocytes) and reduced lipotoxicity, which otherwise will be toxic to the heart. More importantly, this review examines the activity of EET in biological systems and a series of pathways that explain its mechanism of action and discusses how these might be exploited for potential therapeutic use. We also discuss the link between cardiac ectopic fat deposition and cardiac function in humans, which is similar to that described in obese mice and is regulated by HO-1-EET-PGC1α signaling, a potent negative regulator of the inflammatory adipokine NOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A McClung
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Lior Levy
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America.
| | - Stephen J Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States of America; New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, United States of America
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, United States of America.
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22
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Rebolledo DL, Acuña MJ, Brandan E. Role of Matricellular CCN Proteins in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on CCN2/CTGF and Its Regulation by Vasoactive Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5234. [PMID: 34063397 PMCID: PMC8156781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cellular Communication Network (CCN) family of matricellular proteins comprises six proteins that share conserved structural features and play numerous biological roles. These proteins can interact with several receptors or soluble proteins, regulating cell signaling pathways in various tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. In the skeletal muscle of mammals, most of the six CCN family members are expressed during embryonic development or in adulthood. Their roles during the adult stage are related to the regulation of muscle mass and regeneration, maintaining vascularization, and the modulation of skeletal muscle fibrosis. This work reviews the CCNs proteins' role in skeletal muscle physiology and disease, focusing on skeletal muscle fibrosis and its regulation by Connective Tissue Growth factor (CCN2/CTGF). Furthermore, we review evidence on the modulation of fibrosis and CCN2/CTGF by the renin-angiotensin system and the kallikrein-kinin system of vasoactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela L. Rebolledo
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6213515, Chile
| | - María José Acuña
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago 8370854, Chile
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile;
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago 7810000, Chile
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Empagliflozin Inhibits IL-1β-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Human Proximal Tubular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105089. [PMID: 34064989 PMCID: PMC8151056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SGLT2 inhibitor-related nephroprotection is—at least partially—mediated by anti-inflammatory drug effects, as previously demonstrated in diabetic animal and human studies, as well as hyperglycemic cell culture models. We recently presented first evidence for anti-inflammatory potential of empagliflozin (Empa) under normoglycemic conditions in human proximal tubular cells (HPTC) by demonstrating Empa-mediated inhibition of IL-1β-induced MCP-1/CCL2 and ET-1 expression on the mRNA and protein level. We now add corroborating evidence on a genome-wide level by demonstrating that Empa attenuates the expression of several inflammatory response genes in IL-1β-induced (10 ng/mL) normoglycemic HPTCs. Using microarray-hybridization analysis, 19 inflammatory response genes out of >30.000 human genes presented a consistent expression pattern, that is, inhibition of IL-1β (10 ng/mL)-stimulated gene expression by Empa (500 nM), in both HK-2 and RPTEC/TERT1 cells. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated statistically significant clustering of annotated pathways (enrichment score 3.64). Our transcriptomic approach reveals novel genes such as CXCL8/IL8, LOX, NOV, PTX3, and SGK1 that might be causally involved in glycemia-independent nephroprotection by SGLT2i.
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MacDonald IJ, Huang CC, Liu SC, Lin YY, Tang CH. Targeting CCN Proteins in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094340. [PMID: 33919365 PMCID: PMC8122640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCN family of matricellular proteins (CYR61/CCN1, CTGF/CCN2, NOV/CCN3 and WISP1-2-3/CCN4-5-6) are essential players in the key pathophysiological processes of angiogenesis, wound healing and inflammation. These proteins are well recognized for their important roles in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and differentiation, as well as the regulation of extracellular matrix differentiation. Substantial evidence implicates four of the proteins (CCN1, CCN2, CCN3 and CCN4) in the inflammatory pathologies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). A smaller evidence base supports the involvement of CCN5 and CCN6 in the development of these diseases. This review focuses on evidence providing insights into the involvement of the CCN family in RA and OA, as well as the potential of the CCN proteins as therapeutic targets in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iona J. MacDonald
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Collage of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (I.J.M.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Chien-Chung Huang
- School of Medicine, Collage of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin 65152, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-You Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Collage of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (I.J.M.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Collage of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (I.J.M.); (Y.-Y.L.)
- School of Medicine, Collage of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collage of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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FARID MF, ABDULLAH N, TAHIR M, HATTA M, RAUF S, BUDU N. Correlation between mRNA tissue expression and serum concentration of Cyr61 in adenomyosis. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2021; 180. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.19.04234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
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Targeting CTGF in Cancer: An Emerging Therapeutic Opportunity. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:511-524. [PMID: 33358571 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the dramatic advances in cancer research over the decades, effective therapeutic strategies are still urgently needed. Increasing evidence indicates that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a multifunctional signaling modulator, promotes cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis by regulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, drug resistance, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CTGF is also involved in the tumor microenvironment in most of the nodes, including angiogenesis, inflammation, and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) activation. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the expression of CTGF and its regulation, oncogenic role, clinical relevance, targeting strategies, and therapeutic agents. Herein, we propose that CTGF is a promising cancer therapeutic target that could potentially improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients.
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D'Urso M, Kurniawan NA. Mechanical and Physical Regulation of Fibroblast-Myofibroblast Transition: From Cellular Mechanoresponse to Tissue Pathology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:609653. [PMID: 33425874 PMCID: PMC7793682 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.609653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are cells present throughout the human body that are primarily responsible for the production and maintenance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the tissues. They have the capability to modify the mechanical properties of the ECM within the tissue and transition into myofibroblasts, a cell type that is associated with the development of fibrotic tissue through an acute increase of cell density and protein deposition. This transition from fibroblast to myofibroblast-a well-known cellular hallmark of the pathological state of tissues-and the environmental stimuli that can induce this transition have received a lot of attention, for example in the contexts of asthma and cardiac fibrosis. Recent efforts in understanding how cells sense their physical environment at the micro- and nano-scales have ushered in a new appreciation that the substrates on which the cells adhere provide not only passive influence, but also active stimulus that can affect fibroblast activation. These studies suggest that mechanical interactions at the cell-substrate interface play a key role in regulating this phenotype transition by changing the mechanical and morphological properties of the cells. Here, we briefly summarize the reported chemical and physical cues regulating fibroblast phenotype. We then argue that a better understanding of how cells mechanically interact with the substrate (mechanosensing) and how this influences cell behaviors (mechanotransduction) using well-defined platforms that decouple the physical stimuli from the chemical ones can provide a powerful tool to control the balance between physiological tissue regeneration and pathological fibrotic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko D'Urso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Nicholas A. Kurniawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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Chen Z, Zhang N, Chu HY, Yu Y, Zhang ZK, Zhang G, Zhang BT. Connective Tissue Growth Factor: From Molecular Understandings to Drug Discovery. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:593269. [PMID: 33195264 PMCID: PMC7658337 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a key signaling and regulatory molecule involved in different biological processes, such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and wound healing, as well as multiple pathologies, such as tumor development and tissue fibrosis. Although the underlying mechanisms of CTGF remain incompletely understood, a commonly accepted theory is that the interactions between different protein domains in CTGF and other various regulatory proteins and ligands contribute to its variety of functions. Here, we highlight the structure of each domain of CTGF and its biology functions in physiological conditions. We further summarized main diseases that are deeply influenced by CTGF domains and the potential targets of these diseases. Finally, we address the advantages and disadvantages of current drugs targeting CTGF and provide the perspective for the drug discovery of the next generation of CTGF inhibitors based on aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang Yin Chu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zong-Kang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Baghy K, Reszegi A, Tátrai P, Kovalszky I. Decorin in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1272:17-38. [PMID: 32845500 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48457-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a determining role in cancer development through a plethora of interactions between the extracellular matrix and tumor cells. Decorin is a prototype member of the SLRP family found in a variety of tissues and is expressed in the stroma of various forms of cancer. Decorin has gained recognition for its essential roles in inflammation, fibrotic disorders, and cancer, and due to its antitumor properties, it has been proposed to act as a "guardian from the matrix." Initially identified as a natural inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β, soluble decorin is emerging as a pan-RTK inhibitor targeting a multitude of RTKs, including EGFR, Met, IGF-IR, VEGFR2, and PDGFR. Besides initiating signaling, decorin/RTK interaction can induce caveosomal internalization and receptor degradation. Decorin also triggers cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and evokes antimetastatic and antiangiogenic processes. In addition, as a novel regulatory mechanism, decorin was shown to induce conserved catabolic processes, such as endothelial cell autophagy and tumor cell mitophagy. Therefore, decorin is a promising candidate for combatting cancer, especially the cancer types heavily dependent on RTK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Baghy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Reszegi
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ilona Kovalszky
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Cyr61 Promotes Inflammation of a Gouty Arthritis Model in Rats. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8298615. [PMID: 32774151 PMCID: PMC7396108 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8298615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyr61 is considered a novel proinflammatory factor. Gouty arthritis (GA) is a self-limited inflammatory reaction caused by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals. In this study, we assessed the role of Cyr61 in the inflammatory process of GA. Methods We investigated the expression of Cyr61 in MSU-induced rat gout models and MSU-stimulated rat fibroblast-like synovial (FLS) cells. After inhibiting the expression of Cyr61, levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were detected by ELISA, qPCR, western blot, and immunohistochemical methods. We probed the downstream NF-κB signaling pathway using the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC, and levels of NF-κB and p-NF-κB were detected by western blot and qPCR. Results Our results demonstrate that Cyr61 plays a potent role in the formation of local inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Cyr61 was highly expressed in synovial tissues of gout models, and the expression of Cyr61 protein was also significantly increased in MSU-stimulated FLS cells. Cyr61 promoted MSU-induced acute inflammation via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions Our study has revealed that Cyr61 is an important regulatory factor for the initiation of inflammation in GA. The high expression of Cyr61 protein can induce synovial cells to produce many inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, partly in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Thus, inhibition of Cyr61 could be a new target and strategy for the prevention and treatment of GA.
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Sun C, Zhang H, Wang X, Liu X. Ligamentum flavum fibrosis and hypertrophy: Molecular pathways, cellular mechanisms, and future directions. FASEB J 2020; 34:9854-9868. [PMID: 32608536 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000635r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum (LF), along with disk protrusion and facet joints degeneration, is associated with the development of lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Of note, LF hypertrophy is deemed as an important cause of LSCS. Histologically, fibrosis is proved to be the main pathology of LF hypertrophy. Despite the numerous studies explored the mechanisms of LF fibrosis at the molecular and cellular levels, the exact mechanism remains unknown. It is suggested that pathophysiologic stimuli such as mechanical stress, aging, obesity, and some diseases are the causative factors. Then, many cytokines and growth factors secreted by LF cells and its surrounding tissues play different roles in activating the fibrotic response. Here, we summarize the current status of detailed knowledge available regarding the causative factors, pathology, molecular and cellular mechanisms implicated in LF fibrosis and hypertrophy, also focusing on the possible avenues for anti-fibrotic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Eyeing the Extracellular Matrix in Vascular Development and Microvascular Diseases and Bridging the Divide between Vascular Mechanics and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103487. [PMID: 32429045 PMCID: PMC7278940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical in all aspects of vascular development and health: supporting cell anchorage, providing structure, organization and mechanical stability, and serving as a sink for growth factors and sustained survival signals. Abnormal changes in ECM protein expression, organization, and/or properties, and the ensuing changes in vascular compliance affect vasodilator responses, microvascular pressure transmission, and collateral perfusion. The changes in microvascular compliance are independent factors initiating, driving, and/or exacerbating a plethora of microvascular diseases of the eye including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and vitreoretinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and neovascular glaucoma. Congruently, one of the major challenges with most vascular regenerative therapies utilizing localized growth factor, endothelial progenitor, or genetically engineered cell delivery, is the regeneration of blood vessels with physiological compliance properties. Interestingly, vascular cells sense physical forces, including the stiffness of their ECM, through mechanosensitive integrins, their associated proteins and the actomyosin cytoskeleton, which generates biochemical signals that culminate in a rapid expression of matricellular proteins such as cellular communication network 1 (CCN1) and CCN2 (aka connective tissue growth factor or CTGF). Loss or gain of function of these proteins alters genetic programs of cell growth, ECM biosynthesis, and intercellular signaling, that culminate in changes in cell behavior, polarization, and barrier function. In particular, the function of the matricellular protein CCN2/CTGF is critical during retinal vessel development and regeneration wherein new blood vessels form and invest a preformed avascular neural retina following putative gradients of matrix stiffness. These observations underscore the need for further in-depth characterization of the ECM-derived cues that dictate structural and functional properties of the microvasculature, along with the development of new therapeutic strategies addressing the ECM-dependent regulation of pathophysiological stiffening of blood vessels in ischemic retinopathies.
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Zhou M, Ze K, Wang Y, Li X, Hua L, Lu Y, Chen X, Ding X, Chen S, Ru Y, Zhang M, Li B. Huzhang Tongfeng Granule Improves Monosodium Urate-Induced Inflammation of Gouty Arthritis Rat Model by Downregulation of Cyr61 and Related Cytokines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:9238797. [PMID: 32419834 PMCID: PMC7206887 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9238797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gouty arthritis (GA) is a noninfectious inflammatory disease characterized by self-limited and severe pain. Huzhang Tongfeng granule is one of the most effective traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of acute GA. However, its effects on the inflammatory factors in the process of acute gout inflammation remain unknown. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Huzhang Tongfeng granule on the expressions of Cyr61 and related inflammatory factors in both experimental gout models in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Huzhang Tongfeng granule was provided by the pharmaceutical preparation room of Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine. The expressions of Cyr61, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in monosodium urate- (MSU-) induced rat models and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were determined by RT-PCR, Western blotting analysis, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS Huzhang Tongfeng granule could downregulate the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 to some extent by inhibiting the expression of Cyr61. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings indicated that Cyr61 was highly expressed in rat models of gout. By inhibiting the expression of Cyr61, Huzhang Tongfeng granule could partially attenuate the inflammation induced by MSU crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kan Ze
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Hua
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojie Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Siting Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Sun Z, Cai S, Zabkiewicz C, Liu C, Ye L. Bone morphogenetic proteins mediate crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumour microenvironment at primary tumours and metastases (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1335-1351. [PMID: 32236571 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are pluripotent molecules, co‑ordinating cellular functions from early embryonic and postnatal development to tissue repair, regeneration and homeostasis. They are also involved in tumourigenesis, disease progression and the metastasis of various solid tumours. Emerging evidence has indicated that BMPs are able to promote disease progression and metastasis by orchestrating communication between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment. The interactions occur between BMPs and epidermal growth factor receptor, hepatocyte growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and extracellular matrix components. Overall, these interactions co‑ordinate the cellular functions of tumour cells and other types of cell in the tumour to promote the growth of the primary tumour, local invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis, and the establishment and survival of cancer cells in the metastatic niche. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide an informative summary of the involvement of BMPs in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Sun
- VIP‑II Division of Medical Department, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education, Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Cai
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Zabkiewicz
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Chang Liu
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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Lu M, Yan XF, Si Y, Chen XZ. CTGF Triggers Rat Astrocyte Activation and Astrocyte-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Culture Conditions. Inflammation 2020; 42:1693-1704. [PMID: 31183597 PMCID: PMC6717176 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To improve clinical outcomes for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), it is necessary to explore the mechanism of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced neuroinflammation. Connective tissue growth factors (CTGF) have been reported to be involved in the process of inflammatory response or tissue repair, whereas whether and how CTGF participates in the astrocyte-mediated inflammation after TBI remains unclear. In the present study, the TBI-induced activation of astrocytes and augmentation of inflammatory response were simulated by stimulating rat astrocytes with TGF-β1 or CTGF in cultured conditions. TGF-β1 and CTGF both upregulated the expression of GFAP in astrocytes and facilitated the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Activation of astrocytes by CTGF is in an autocrine manner. According to the results of Boyden chamber assay, CTGF enhanced the recruitment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by reactive astrocytes. Besides, CTGF-mediated activation of astrocytes and augmentation of inflammatory response can be terminated by the inhibitor of ASK1 or p38 and JNK. Thus, our data suggested that CTGF could activate astrocytes in an autocrine manner and promote astrocyte-mediated inflammatory response by triggering the ASK1-p38/JNK-NF-κB/AP-1 pathways in astrocytes. Collectively, our study provided evidence that astrocyte-secreted CTGF serves as an amplifier of neuroinflammatory and could be a potential target for alleviating TBI-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou City, 199 Shixin South Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou City, 199 Shixin South Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, 311200, China.
| | - Yun Si
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou City, 199 Shixin South Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Xin-Zhi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou City, 199 Shixin South Road, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, 311200, China
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Xu ER, Lafita A, Bateman A, Hyvönen M. The thrombospondin module 1 domain of the matricellular protein CCN3 shows an atypical disulfide pattern and incomplete CWR layers. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 76:124-134. [PMID: 32038043 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798319016747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The members of the CCN (Cyr61/CTGF/Nov) family are a group of matricellular regulatory proteins that are essential to a wide range of functional pathways in cell signalling. Through interacting with extracellular matrix components and growth factors via one of their four domains, the CCN proteins are involved in critical biological processes such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation, bone development, fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis. Here, the crystal structure of the thrombospondin module 1 (TSP1) domain of CCN3 (previously known as Nov) is presented, which shares a similar three-stranded fold with the thrombospondin type 1 repeats of thrombospondin-1 and spondin-1, but with variations in the disulfide connectivity. Moreover, the CCN3 TSP1 domain lacks the typical π-stacked ladder of charged and aromatic residues on one side of the domain that is seen in other TSP1 domains. Using conservation analysis among orthologous domains, it is shown that a charged cluster in the centre of the domain is the most conserved site and this cluster is predicted to be a potential functional epitope for heparan sulfate binding. This variant TSP1 domain has also been used to revise the sequence determinants of TSP1 domains and to derive improved Pfam sequence profiles for the identification of novel TSP1 domains in more than 10 000 proteins across diverse phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ruoqi Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England
| | - Aleix Lafita
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, England
| | - Alex Bateman
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, England
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England
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RNA Expression Profile and Alternative Splicing Signatures of Genistein-Treated Breeder Hens Revealed by Hepatic Transcriptomic Analysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3829342. [PMID: 31885785 PMCID: PMC6899279 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3829342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Little information has been available about the influence of dietary genistein (GEN) on hepatic transcriptome of laying broiler breeder (LBB) hens. The study is aimed at broadening the understanding of RNA expression profiles and alternative splicing (AS) signatures of GEN-treated breeder hens and thereby improving laying performance and immune function of hens during the late egg-laying period. 720 LBB hens were randomly allocated into three groups with supplemental dietary GEN doses (0, 40 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg). Each treatment has 8 replicates of 30 birds. Dietary GEN enhanced the antioxidative capability of livers, along with the increased activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase. Furthermore, it improved lipid metabolic status and apoptotic process in the liver of hens. 40 mg/kg dietary GEN had the better effects on improving immune function and laying performance. However, transcriptome data indicated that 400 mg/kg dietary GEN did negative regulation of hormone biosynthetic process. Also, it upregulated the expressions of EDA2R and CYR61 by the Cis regulation of neighbouring genes (lncRNA_XLOC_018890 and XLOC_024242), which might activate NF-κB and immune-related signaling pathway. Furthermore, dietary GEN induced AS events in the liver, which also enriched into immune and metabolic process. Therefore, the application of 40 mg/kg GEN in the diet of breeder hens during the late egg-laying period can improve lipid metabolism and immune function. We need to pay attention to the side-effects of high-dose GEN on the immune function.
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Liao X, Bu Y, Chang F, Jia F, Song G, Xiao X, Zhang M, Ning P, Jia Q. Remodeling of hepatic stellate cells orchestrated the stroma-derived oxaliplatin-resistance through CCN3 paracrine in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1192. [PMID: 31805888 PMCID: PMC6896671 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) have a key role in fibrogenesis and in the filtrates of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stroma, in which they are remodeled and play a critical role in HCC progression. However, the precise role of HSCs trending, infiltration and paracrine in orchestrating the stroma-derived oxaliplatin-resistance in HCC is still vague. METHODS The chemo-resistant models were established to explore the correlation between HSC cells and the condition of chemoresistance. The HCC clinical samples were collected to confirm this phenomenon. Then, the relationship between secretory CCN3 from oxaliplatin-resistant HCC and the infiltration of HSCs in associated HCC microenvironment was evaluated. Finally, the role and mechanism of HSCs remodeling in the orchestration of oxaliplatin-resistant HCC were explored. RESULTS The increased infiltration of HSCs and collagen accumulation were found in the microenvironment of oxaliplatin-resistant HCC. The cDNA profiles of the oxaliplatin-resistant HCC was reanalyzed, and CCN3 was one of the significantly increased genes. In HCC clinical samples, the levels of CCN3 and α-SMA are positively correlated, and high expression of CCN3 and α-SMA are positively associated with malignant phenotype and poor prognosis. Then the enhanced abilities of migration and proliferation of HSCs, and elevation of the cytokines paracrine from HSCs relating to HCC malignancy were proved in vitro and in vivo, and which were related to CCN3-ERK signaling pathway activation. CONCLUSIONS HSCs remodeling are positively related to CCN3 paracrine in hepatocellular carcinoma, which orchestrated the stroma-derived resistance to chemotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liao
- Department of Nutrition, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yang Bu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Fan Chang
- Metabolite Research Center, Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, 710043, China
| | - Fengan Jia
- Metabolite Research Center, Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, 710043, China
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Nutrition, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xuelian Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Pengbo Ning
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingan Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Ye S, Kwon WK, Bae T, Kim S, Lee JB, Cho TH, Park JY, Kim K, Hur JK, Hur JW. CCN5 Reduces Ligamentum Flavum Hypertrophy by Modulating the TGF-β Pathway. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:2634-2644. [PMID: 31334871 PMCID: PMC6899892 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) is the most important component of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Although the pathophysiology of LFH has been extensively studied, no method has been proposed to prevent or treat it. Since the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway is known to be critical in LFH pathology, we investigated whether LFH could be prevented by blocking or modulating the TGF-β mechanism. Human LF cells were used for the experiments. First, we created TGF-β receptor 1 (TGFBR1) knock out (KO) cells with CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 biotechnology and treated them with TGF-β1 to determine the effects of blocking the TGF-β pathway. Subsequently, we studied the effect of CCN5, which has recently been proposed to modulate the TGF-β pathway. To assess the predisposition toward fibrosis, α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), fibronectin, collagen-1, collagen-3, and CCN2 were evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. The TGFBR1 KO LF cells were successfully constructed with high KO efficiency. In wild-type (WT) cells, treatment with TGF-β1 resulted in the overexpression of the messenger RNA (mRNA) of fibrosis-related factors. However, in KO cells, the responses to TGF-β1 stimulation were significantly lower. In addition, CCN5 and TGF-β1 co-treatment caused a notable reduction in mRNA expression levels compared with TGF-β1 stimulation only. The αSMA protein expression increased with TGF-β1 but decreased with CCN5 treatment. TGF-β1 induced LF cell transdifferentiation from fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. However, this cell transition dramatically decreased in the presence of CCN5. In conclusion, CCN5 could prevent LFH by modulating the TGF-β pathway. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:2634-2644, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woo-Keun Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Taegeun Bae
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jang-Bo Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Tai-Hyoung Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Jung-Yul Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junho K Hur
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junseok W Hur
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
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Davies W. An Analysis of Cellular Communication Network Factor Proteins as Candidate Mediators of Postpartum Psychosis Risk. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:876. [PMID: 31849729 PMCID: PMC6901936 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum (or puerperal) psychosis (PP) is a severe psychiatric condition associated with hallucinations, delusions, cognitive disorganization, and mood problems, which affects approximately 1-2 out of every 1,000 mothers shortly after childbirth. While the risk factors for, and co-morbidities of, PP are relatively well-defined, currently, the pathophysiology underlying the disorder is very poorly-specified. Here, I argue, on the basis of multiple lines of new evidence, that altered expression of the Cellular Communication Network (CCN) factor proteins (and of the heterodimerizing CCN2 and CCN3 proteins in particular), may be associated with, and possibly causal for, increased PP risk. Future preclinical and clinical studies should aim to test this hypothesis as empirical support for it would provide much-needed clues regarding the biological substrates of PP, and could point to predictive biomarkers for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Davies
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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41
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Ilanlou S, Khakbiz M, Amoabediny G, Mohammadi J. Preclinical studies of acellular extracellular matrices as small-caliber vascular grafts. Tissue Cell 2019; 60:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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The Role of CTGF in Inflammatory Responses Induced by Silica Particles in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Lung 2019; 197:783-791. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-019-00272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Zhu HP, Huang HY, Wu DM, Dong N, Dong L, Chen CS, Chen CL, Chen YG. Regulatory mechanism of NOV/CCN3 in the inflammation and apoptosis of lung epithelial alveolar cells upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:1872-1880. [PMID: 31545412 PMCID: PMC7057825 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces inflammatory stress and apoptosis. Pulmonary epithelial cell apoptosis has been shown to accelerate the progression of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and is the leading cause of mortality in patients with ALI/ARDS. Nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV; also known as CCN3), an inflammatory modulator, is reported to be a biomarker in ALI. Using an LPS-induced ALI model, we investigated the expression of CCN3 and its possible molecular mechanism involved in lung alveolar epithelial cell inflammation and apoptosis. Our data revealed that LPS treatment greatly increased the level of CCN3 in human lung alveolar type II epithelial cells (A549 cell line). The A549 cells were also transfected with a specific CCN3 small interfering RNA (siRNA). CCN3 knockdown not only largely attenuated the expression of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, but also reduced the apoptotic rate of the A549 cells and altered the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins (Bcl-2 and caspase-3). Furthermore, CCN3 knockdown greatly inhibited the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 in the A549 cells, and TGF-β/p-Smad and NF-κB inhibitors significantly decreased the expression level of CCN3 in A549 cells. In conclusion, our data indicate that CCN3 knockdown affects the expression of downstream genes through the TGF-β/p-Smad or NF-κB pathways, leading to the inhibition of cell inflammation and apoptosis in human alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary‑Cerebral Resuscitation Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ya Huang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Deng-Min Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Nian Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Shui Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Lei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center, Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary‑Cerebral Resuscitation Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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44
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Liu C, Liang W, He X, Owusu-Agyeman M, Wu Z, Zhou Y, Cao Y, Zhang C, Liu J, Jiang J, Dong B, Xue R, Wu D, Dong Y, Zhao J. Prognostic Value of Cysteine-Rich Protein 61 Combined with N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide for Mortality in Acute Heart Failure Patients with and without Chronic Kidney Disease. Cardiorenal Med 2019; 10:11-21. [PMID: 31473733 DOI: 10.1159/000501929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of most biomarkers, such as N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), to predict prognosis in heart failure can be affected by the state of renal function; therefore, there is the need for a biomarker that can predict prognosis accurately without the influence of renal function. The prognostic value of cysteine-rich protein 61 (CYR61/CCN1) in acute heart failure (AHF) patients has been proven. METHODS A total of 248 patients hospitalized with AHF were recruited in this study, and serum CCN1 levels, NT-proBNP levels, and other necessary data of patients were collected upon admission. The correlation of serum CCN1 with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was investigated, and the logistic regression model was used to investigate the prognostic value of serum CCN1 for 3-month mortality. RESULTS Fifty-four of 248 patients died (21.8%) during a 3-month follow-up. Serum CCN1 had no significant correlation with eGFR (rho = -0.088, p = 0.167). In the overall population and patients without chronic kidney disease, results showed that both serum CCN1 and NT-proBNP were significantly associated with 3-month mortality. In patients with chronic kidney disease, serum CCN1 was significantly associated with 3-month mortality in logistic regression analysis (odds ratio = 2.40, p = 0.002) while NT-proBNP was not. Further in tertile group comparison, in patients with chronic kidney disease, higher tertile levels of serum CCN1 had a significantly higher risk of 3-month mortality compared to the lower tertile ones (odds ratio = 4.17, p = 0.013), but that of NT-proBNP did not. CONCLUSION Serum CCN1 level is not associated with eGFR, and it maintains the prognostic value in AHF patients with chronic kidney disease. CCN1 could be a potential novel prognostic biomarker in AHF patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihao Liang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Marvin Owusu-Agyeman
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yalin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Chongyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingzhou Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruicong Xue
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dexi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yugang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, .,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China,
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
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Kouroupis D, Bowles AC, Willman MA, Perucca Orfei C, Colombini A, Best TM, Kaplan LD, Correa D. Infrapatellar fat pad-derived MSC response to inflammation and fibrosis induces an immunomodulatory phenotype involving CD10-mediated Substance P degradation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10864. [PMID: 31350444 PMCID: PMC6659713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) serves as a reservoir of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC), and with adjacent synovium plays key roles in joint disease including the production of Substance P (SP) affecting local inflammatory responses and transmitting nociceptive signals. Here, we interrogate human IFP-derived MSC (IFP-MSC) reaction to inflammatory and pro-fibrotic environments (cell priming by TNFα/IFNγ and TNFα/IFNγ/CTGF exposure respectively), compared with bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC). Naïve IFP-MSC exhibit increased clonogenicity and chondrogenic potential compared with BM-MSC. Primed cells experienced dramatic phenotypic changes, including a sharp increase in CD10, upregulation of key immunomodulatory transcripts, and secreted growth factors/cytokines affecting key pathways (IL-10, TNF-α, MAPK, Ras and PI3K-Akt). Naïve, and more so primed MSC (both) induced SP degradation in vitro, reproduced with their supernatants and abrogated with thiorphan, a CD10 inhibitor. These findings were reproduced in vivo in a rat model of acute synovitis, where transiently engrafted human IFP-MSC induced local SP reduction. Functionally, primed IFP-MSC demonstrated sustained antagonism of activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferation, significantly outperforming a declining dose-dependent effect with naïve cohorts. Collectively, our in vitro and in vivo data supports cell priming as a way to enhance the immunoregulatory properties of IFP-MSC, which selectively engraft in areas of active synovitis/IFP fibrosis inducing SP degradation, resulting in a cell-based product alternative to BM-MSC to potentially treat degenerative/inflammatory joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Annie C Bowles
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Melissa A Willman
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carlotta Perucca Orfei
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colombini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lee D Kaplan
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Li W, Wei D, Liang J, Xie X, Song K, Huang L. Comprehensive Evaluation of White Matter Damage and Neuron Death and Whole-Transcriptome Analysis of Rats With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:310. [PMID: 31379504 PMCID: PMC6653095 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is induced by chronic deficit of brain perfusion, contributes to a persistent or progressive cognitive dysfunction, which is characterized by diverse neuropathological manifestations. There are currently no effective medications available. White matter damage (WMD) and cortical neuron death may be caused by CCH, which are related to cognitive impairment, while the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In the study, a database of the transcriptome level was built to determine potential biomarkers in cortex of CCH. Methods CCH was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by permanent occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham-operated group (n = 24), the 4th and 8th week of CCH groups (total = 56, n = 28 for each group). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze task. WMD and neuron damage were detected using diffusion tensor imaging and histological analysis, respectively. Western blotting analysis of various markers was used to examine neuronal death. Whole-transcriptome microarray was performed to assess mRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA expression profiles at 4th and 8th weeks after CCH. Diversified bioinformatic tools were performed to analyze and predict the key biological processes and signaling pathways of differentially expressed RNAs and co-expressed potential target genes. Co-expression networks of mRNA–circRNA–miRNA and lncRNA–mRNA were constructed. Results Compared to the sham group, cognitive impairment, disintegration of white matter, blood-brain barrier damage and neuron death were induced by CCH. Neuron death including apoptosis and necroptosis might occur in the cortex of CCH. We constructed the regulatory networks of whole-transcriptomic including differentially expressed mRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs, and related biological functions and pathways involved in neurological disease, cell death and survival, energy and metabolism, et al. Our results also indicated that Cyr61 mRNA may play a role in the CCH-related cortical neuronal death. Conclusion WMD and cortical neuronal death are worthy of attention in the pathogenesis of CCH. Additionally, the present results provide potential evidence at the whole-transcription level for CCH, offering candidate biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Wei
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianye Liang
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangping Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li'an Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Effects of resveratrol and its analogue pterostilbene, on NOV/CCN3 adipokine in adipose tissue from rats fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 75:275-283. [PMID: 30972698 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Nephroblastoma overexpressed protein, also called NOV/CCN3, is an adipokine which is present in various tissues and recently linked to obesity. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of resveratrol and pterostilbene on NOV/CCN3 in adipose tissue from rats fed an obesogenic diet. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were split into four groups (n = 9): fed a standard diet (CC), high-fat high-sucrose (HFS) diet supplemented with resveratrol (RSV; 30 mg/kg/day) or with pterostilbene (PT; 30 mg/kg/day), or without phenolic supplementation (HFS). Rats were sacrificed after 6 weeks of treatment, and adipose tissue (white and brown) from different anatomical locations were dissected. Then, Nov/ccn3 gene and protein expression and the adipogenic genes, Ucp-1 and Pgc-1a, expressions were studied. Increased weight of white adipose tissues was found in rats fed the HFS diet. Whereas resveratrol-treated rats showed reduced internal and total adipose tissue weights, pterostilbene-treated rats showed reduced subcutaneous, internal and total adipose depots. Nov/ccn3 gene expression decreased in epididymal and interscapular brown depot in rats fed HFS diet when compared with the control group. Regarding the phenolic compounds, resveratrol prompted a Nov/ccn3 gene expression increase in epididymal fat tissue, whereas pterostilbene reduced its protein expression compared with the obese group. However, these phenolic compounds did not affect NOV/CCN3 expression in brown depot. NOV/CCN3 seems to be involved in weight changes in epididymal adipose tissue under obesogenic feeding, but not in subcutaneous, acting as a protective mechanism counteracting the fattening effect of the diet. To our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing whether NOV/CCN3 is involved in the anti-obesity effect of resveratrol and pterostilbene. Our results suggest that this is not the case.
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Overexpression of CCN1 in Het1A cells attenuates bile-induced esophageal metaplasia through suppressing non-canonical NFκB activation. Cytokine 2019; 116:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Gaudreau PO, Clairefond S, Class CA, Boulay PL, Chrobak P, Allard B, Azzi F, Pommey S, Do KA, Saad F, Trudel D, Young M, Stagg J. WISP1 is associated to advanced disease, EMT and an inflamed tumor microenvironment in multiple solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1581545. [PMID: 31069142 PMCID: PMC6492985 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1581545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: WNT1-Inducible Signaling Pathway Protein 1 (WISP1) is implicated in prostate cancer growth and metastasis and the regulation of inflammation in diverse benign diseases. The objectives of this study were to assess the prognostic value of WISP1, its association to inflammation and its relevance as a biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response. Methods: Publicly available RNA-seq datasets were used to evaluate the prognostic value of WISP1 gene expression and its association with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, inflamed tumor microenvironment, and anti-PD-1 ICB response. A tissue microarray (TMA) including 285 radical prostatectomy specimens was used to confirm these associations in prostate cancer. The effect of recombinant WISP1 (rWISP1) on inflammatory cytokines was assessed in vitro. Results: High levels of WISP1 correlated with BCR-free survival in prostate adenocarcinoma and overall survival in primary melanoma, low-grade glioma, and kidney papillary cell carcinoma. Some effects could be accounted for by higher WISP1 expression in advanced disease. High WISP1 expression in prostate adenocarcinoma was correlated with CD8+ cells density. In vitro, rWISP1 increased inflammatory cytokine production. High WISP1 gene expression in RNA-seq datasets was correlated with gene signatures of multiple immune cell types as well as an inflammatory cytokine, immune checkpoint, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene expression. WISP1 mRNA expression was associated with primary resistance to ICB in datasets showing EMT. Conclusions: Our results support an association between WISP1 expression and advanced disease, EMT and an inflamed tumor microenvironment in multiple solid tumors. The consequences of WISP1 expression on cancer immunotherapy remains to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sylvie Clairefond
- Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caleb A Class
- T. Boone Pickens Academic Tower, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pierre-Luc Boulay
- Département de pharmacologie et de physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pavel Chrobak
- Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bertrand Allard
- Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Feryel Azzi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal (CRCHUM)/Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sandra Pommey
- Axe Cancer, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- T. Boone Pickens Academic Tower, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fred Saad
- Département d'Urologie du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montréal (CHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal / CRCHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique Trudel
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (Département de pathologie), Département de pathologie et axe cancer, Université de Montréal (Département de pathologie et de biologie cellulaire) et Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marian Young
- NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Stagg
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal / CRCHUM, Axe Cancer, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Li JY, Wang YD, Qi XY, Ran L, Hong T, Yang J, Yan B, Liao ZZ, Liu JH, Xiao XH. Serum CCN3 levels are increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated with obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 494:52-57. [PMID: 30876855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUD CCN3 is a novel adipokine and has emerged as a potential metabolic regulator. However, information regarding the role of CCN3 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. This study measured for the first time serum CCN3 levels in T2DM and explored the correlations between its serum levels and various metabolic parameters in humans. METHODS A total of 219 newly diagnosed T2DM (nT2DM) patients and 205 healthy control subjects, matched for age and sex ratio, were enrolled. Circulating CCN3 and TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1 were measured by ELISA. The anthropometric assessment and biochemical evaluation were done in all subjects. OGTT were performed in 34 healthy individuals to investigate the association of CCN3 with glucose. RESULTS Serum CCN3 levels were significantly higher in nT2DM patients compared to those of the healthy controls (6.71[4.88, 8.56] vs. 4.51[3.55, 5.99] ng/ml, P < 0.01). Serum CCN3 positively correlated with BMI, WC, FAT%, TG, FPG, 2 h-PG, HbA1c, FIns, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP and TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1, but negatively with HOMA-β in all individuals (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that BMI, HOMA-IR, TNF-α and MCP-1 were independently associated with CCN3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that CCN3 was correlated with nT2DM. Finally, area under ROC curve of CCN3 (gender and age adjusted) for predicting the presence of nT2DM was 0.725(95% CI: 0.676-0.773). After an oral glucose challenge, there was no obvious change in the circulating levels of CCN3 as compared to 0 min (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Elevation of CCN3 in nT2DM supports the hypothesis that CCN3 may serve as a risk factor associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Yang Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ya-Di Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Li Ran
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhe-Zhen Liao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xin-Hua Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hunan Province, Hengyang 421001, China.
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